the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance ( woca ) is an education , support and advocacy organization in the u.s. state of wisconsin that helps fight ovarian cancer .

it was founded in may 2001 to bring attention to ovarian cancer , as well as provide education , encourage advocacy and garner support for research and an eventual cure .

woca is a tax-exempt organization pursuant to section 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) of the internal revenue code .

the organization falls under the umbrella , and is a working partner of the ovarian cancer national alliance .

the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance mission is to overcome ovarian cancer through the following : education - woca pledges to create awareness of early warning signs that may be indicative of ovarian cancer .

this means educating individuals , the medical community and organizations to recognize the subtle symptoms of ovarian cancer .

in so doing , woca hopes to increase early detection and improve treatment methods .

support - woca works to support wisconsin women and their families in their battle against ovarian cancer .

this includes developing and distributing educational material , promoting support systems and creating networking groups .

advocacy - woca 's membership supports the advocacy efforts of the ovarian cancer national alliance to secure additional funds and advance research toward a cure .

woca achieves its mission through grass roots campaigns , annual events and fundraisers , support groups , industry partnerships and educational activities .

wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance

the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance is proud to be a community partner of the ovarian cancer research fund alliance .
the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance is committed to providing education , support , and funding of research for ovarian cancer throughout wisconsin .
©2000 wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance . all rights reserved . the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) tax - exempt organization .
the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance is committed to providing education , support , and funding of research for ovarian cancer throughout wisconsin .
in 2017 the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance was able to fund $ 25 , 000 toward ovarian cancer research . we hope to grow this number every year !
with cancer clinics across eastern wisconsin , you can find care near you . we also offer care at wisconsin’s first spanish - language cancer clinic .
because of your support , woca has been able to donate to ovarian cancer research in wisconsin . last year woca donated $ 25 , 000 to
woca started in 2000 after joan sagan , an oncology nurse , was diagnosed with ovarian cancer . she knew immediately that she wanted to start a group in wisconsin that did for ovarian cancer what the komen foundation did for breast cancer . our mission : education , support , and advocacy . woca pledges to create awareness of the subtle symptoms of ovarian cancer . woca works to support wisconsin women and their families in their battle with ovarian cancer . that includes , but is not limited to , developing and distributing educational materials , promoting support systems , and creating networking groups . woca’s membership supports the advocacy efforts of the ovarian cancer national alliance to secure funds and advance research on the national level . woca also supports state programs that are dedicated to ovarian cancer research .
an integral part of the university of wisconsin school of medicine and public health , the university of wisconsin carbone cancer center unites more than 280 physicians and scientists who work together in translating discoveries from research laboratories into new treatments that benefit people with cancer . the only national cancer institute ( nci ) - designated comprehensive cancer center in wisconsin , the university of wisconsin carbone cancer center provides the best available cancer care to more than 31 , 000 patients each year and participates in more than 250 clinical trials annually .
woca drops off comfort totes to area hospitals for women recently diagnosed with ovarian cancer .
this one - stop service provides a comprehensive yet simplified system for women to find and link to clinical trial options for ovarian cancer . the ovarian cancer national alliance clinical trials matching service is available by telephone at ( 800 ) 535 - 1682 or by clicking
screening trials look for ways to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage in healthy women .
breast abcd after breast cancer diagnosis breast cancer recovery foundation , inc . nbcc : national breast cancer coalition susan g . komen breast cancer foundation
woman to woman is a program of the ovarian cancer research fund alliance ( ocrfa ) . ovarian cancer survivors from the south carolina ovarian cancer foundation’s upstate group serve as volunteer mentors in this program which is available to patients from all area hospital systems . the local program coordinator is based at greenville health system and may be reached at 864 - 455 - 5694 .
the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance ( woca ) is a not - for - profit organization founded in 2000 to provide awareness and education for ovarian cancer patients , and their families . while we realize the financial burden that can come about due to ovarian cancer , woca’s “teal in need” campaign focuses on financially assisting ovarian cancer patients while they are currently undergoing treatment or finished treatment within the past 6 months . woca defines “treatment” as : chemotherapy , radiation , surgery , clinical trials , and / or therapy / program regimen . if additional funds are available , woca will accept applications from all individuals with a history of ovarian cancer that reside is the state of wisconsin . woca assists individuals regardless of their race , age , religion , or sexual orientation . to be eligible for financial assistance , you must be an ovarian cancer patient living or receiving treatment in wisconsin , unless otherwise approved by the “teal in need” committee .
focuses on understanding the interaction between ovarian cancer spheroids and the mesothelium that lines the peritoneal cavity in order to determine how spheroids play a role in ovarian cancer metastasis and resistance to treatment .
prevention trials test ways to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer . they typically enroll healthy women at high risk for developing ovarian cancer or survivors who want to prevent its return or reduce the chance of developing a new type of cancer .
fort washington , pa — the national comprehensive cancer network ® ( nccn ® ) , an alliance of the nation’s leading cancer centers dedicated to quality , effectiveness , and efficiency of cancer care , today announced that university of wisconsin carbone cancer center has been elected to institutional membership . nccn now has 27 member institutions serving the needs of people with cancer throughout the united states .
they heard tales of puzzling symptoms and missed opportunities . such stories are common among ovarian cancer patients .
encouraging those diagnosed with ovarian cancer . we invite all women diagnosed with ovarian cancer to come learn more about woca and our mission . you are welcome to come once , twice , or every time !
if these women could be diagnosed at stage 1 , they would have more of a chance to live ,
said kelli zembruski , president of the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance . cancer ' s progression is ranked in stages , with 1 being the earliest and 4 the latest . zembruski ' s sister , joan sagan , an oncology nurse herself , was diagnosed with stage 3 ovarian cancer at the age of 49 and died at 53 .
there are a number of different web - based resources where people can search for clinical trials . we are proud to offer the ovarian cancer research fund alliance clinical trials matching service in partnership with emergingmed .
diagnostic trials seek to develop better ways to diagnose and care for women with ovarian cancer . they usually enroll women who have already had ovarian cancer or who have signs and symptoms of it . many of the current diagnostic trials in ovarian cancer focus on proteomics , which involves evaluating the levels of different proteins in the blood .
the lyda hill cancer prevention center provides cancer risk assessment , screening and diagnostic services .
university of wisconsin carbone cancer center has been named the newest nccn member institution ; nccn now has 27 member institutions serving patients throughout the united states .
woca is a tax - exempt organization pursuant to section 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) of the internal revenue code . the organization falls under the umbrella and is a working partner of the ovarian cancer national alliance .
13825 w national ave , ste 103 ( 1 , 824 . 32 mi ) new berlin , wisconsin 53151
“i’m not supposed to be here , ” she says . she believes that the reason she was spared was because god walked her through the fire , in part to raise awareness about the disease through her work with the ovarian cancer research fund alliance ( ocrfa ) . unlike colon cancer , which can be caught early , ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed in its later , deadlier stages .
it was while working as a volunteer on the komen foundation’s milwaukee race for the cure in 1999 that joan sagan , an oncology nurse with more than 20 years experience , was diagnosed with ovarian cancer . she knew right away that she wanted to start a wisconsin organization that would do for ovarian cancer what the komen foundation did for breast cancer : provide education , encourage advocacy , generate support .
each person’s cancer is unique . genetic tumor analysis and a unique database could help your cancer team find more effective treatments to your specific cancer .
the ovarian cancer national alliance clinical trials matching service provides information on current clinical trials in the united states and canada . women can customize their searches based on a range of criteria that includes the specific ovarian cancer type , stage , treatment history and place where she can enroll . a clinical trial specialist will be assigned to each caller to guide her through her confidential search .
in a conference room recently at aurora sinai medical center in milwaukee , a handful of third - year medical students from the university of wisconsin school of medicine and public health received a one - hour lesson in ovarian cancer , one they would not soon forget .
genetic / familial high - risk assessment : breast and ovarian , version 1 . 2014
the nccn member institutions are : fred & pamela buffett cancer center , omaha , ne ; case comprehensive cancer center / university hospitals seidman cancer center and cleveland clinic taussig cancer institute , cleveland , oh ; city of hope comprehensive cancer center , los angeles , ca ; dana - farber / brigham and women’s cancer center | massachusetts general hospital cancer center , boston , ma ; duke cancer institute , durham , nc ; fox chase cancer center , philadelphia , pa ; huntsman cancer institute at the university of utah , salt lake city , ut ; fred hutchinson cancer research center / seattle cancer care alliance , seattle , wa ; the sidney kimmel comprehensive cancer center at johns hopkins , baltimore , md ; robert h . lurie comprehensive cancer center of northwestern university , chicago , il ; mayo clinic cancer center , phoenix / scottsdale , az , jacksonville , fl , and rochester , mn ; memorial sloan kettering cancer center , new york , ny ; moffitt cancer center , tampa , fl ; the ohio state university comprehensive cancer center - james cancer hospital and solove research institute , columbus , oh ; roswell park cancer institute , buffalo , ny ; siteman cancer center at barnes - jewish hospital and washington university school of medicine , st . louis , mo ; st . jude children’s research hospital / the university of tennessee health science center , memphis , tn ; stanford cancer institute , stanford , ca ; university of alabama at birmingham comprehensive cancer center , birmingham , al ; uc san diego moores cancer center , la jolla , ca ; ucsf helen diller family comprehensive cancer center , san francisco , ca ; university of colorado cancer center , aurora , co ; university of michigan comprehensive cancer center , ann arbor , mi ; the university of texas md anderson cancer center , houston , tx ; university of wisconsin carbone cancer center , madison , wi ; vanderbilt - ingram cancer center , nashville , tn ; and yale cancer center / smilow cancer hospital , new haven , ct .
then , late in 2007 , a gynecologist phoned to tell her she had endometrial cancer , which appears in the lining of the uterus . women who have endometrial cancer run a 15 % risk of also having ovarian cancer , and when doctors removed her ovaries in a hysterectomy , they found cancer in both .
treatment trials determine what new treatments or combinations of existing treatments can help women who have ovarian cancer . they evaluate the effectiveness of new treatments or new ways to use existing treatments . ( a “treatment” may be a drug , therapy vaccine , surgery , or any combination of these . ) various treatment trials exist for women with ovarian cancer , most of which explore the effectiveness of different combinations of surgery and drug therapies in fighting ovarian cancer .
with a team to help you every step of the way , no matter how complex your cancer may be , you’ll find everything you need at aurora health care , wisconsin’s largest oncology program .
originally announced as an alliance of 13 leading cancer centers in 1995 , nccn is devoted to patient care , research , and education in order to improve the quality , effectiveness , and efficiency of cancer care so that patients can live better lives .
. ovarian cancer screening with ca 125 and selective use of ultrasound : sonographic findings . 112th annual meeting of the american roentgen ray society , 2012 .
“our collaboration with university of wisconsin carbone cancer center will play an integral role as nccn strengthens its foothold in national oncology policy , ” said gary j . weyhmuller , mba , sphr , executive vice president / chief operating officer , nccn . “as part of its impressive policy program , uwccc houses a coalition of more than 100 organizations in wisconsin working to reduce the burden of cancer by convening governmental affairs experts , cancer care providers , and health care administrators . ”
we invite all women diagnosed with ovarian cancer and their support team to come learn more about woca and our mission . this will be a time to connect with the woca staff members , board members , and other individuals affected by ovarian cancer . you are welcome to come once , twice , or every month !
“we are pleased to welcome university of wisconsin carbone cancer center as an nccn member institution , ” said robert w . carlson , md , chief executive officer , nccn . “uwccc’s esteemed cancer center indeed brings unique attributes to the alliance , particularly its comprehensive palliative care program which includes an in - patient unit and consultation service , children’s hospital consultative service , and an outpatient onco - palliative care clinic . ”
as an nccn member institution , expert faculty from university of wisconsin carbone cancer center will have the opportunity to represent their institution on the 49 multidisciplinary nccn clinical practice guidelines in oncology ( nccn guidelines ® ) panels that set the standard of cancer care and oncology policy in the united states . additionally , university of wisconsin carbone cancer center investigators and patients will have the opportunity to participate in ground - breaking clinical trials offered through the nccn oncology research program ( orp ) .
far more women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year , but the disease is easier to detect . women can perform self - exams and catch it early . ovarian cancer is far more difficult to detect early on .
woca is an active participate in survivors teaching students : ( r ) : saving women’s lives . this program allows ovarian cancer survivors to share their story with future healthcare professionals to help increase their understanding of ovarian cancer symptoms and risk factors so that they can diagnose the disease when it is in its earlier , treatable stages .
as one of the original nci - designated comprehensive cancer centers , we are delighted to have the opportunity to join the esteemed cancer centers of nccn , which share our devotion to improving the lives of people with cancer through the rapid application of cancer discovery to cancer care and education ,
said howard bailey , md , director of the uw carbone cancer center .
a woman is eligible to participate in a clinical trial at any point in her experience with ovarian cancer . many women think of clinical trials as an option only after other treatments have failed . clinical trials exist for women in this situation , but many equally important trials are available for women earlier in their fight against ovarian cancer .
ovarian cancer survivor registration is free . to register send your first & last name , team name , t - shirt size , and whether you are running or walking to
i am an ovarian cancer survivor . i knew immediately upon diagnosis that i wanted to get involved with the ovarian cancer community . i just needed to do something to feel like i could help myself and others combat this deadly disease . i am pleased to have found woca so that i know my efforts are helping other women in my home town .
clinical trials are carefully designed research studies that involve volunteers . researchers carry out ovarian cancer clinical trials to find ways of improving medical care and treatment for women with this disease .
. ovarian cancer screening : corpus luteum and other factors - how to sort them out . 108th annual meeting of the american roentgen ray society 190 ( 4 suppl ) , 2008 .
three days after she ran a half marathon in chicago in 2013 , she was diagnosed not only with colon cancer , but also late - stage ovarian cancer . she had just finished the 13 . 1 - mile race on a sunday—having run her fastest time—and then on tuesday doctors felt “a mass on her ovaries . ” she was one of the 22 , 000 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in any given year , from which 17 , 000 will die .
you have cancer , ovarian cancer . you ' re having surgery at 12 o ' clock today ,
a doctor told gayle kremer in 2005 . kremer was 49 and had first approached doctors a full year earlier with symptoms , including abnormal bleeding between periods .
emergingmed operates the nation’s largest cancer clinical trials matching and referral service . more than 60 , 000 cancer patients have been prescreened and referred to its database of more than 7 , 000 cancer clinical trials , which also includes all of the trials featured in the national cancer institute’s clinical trials database .
. ovarian cancer : new sonographic findings in early cancers and how to utilize ultrasound effectively for early detection . abdominal radiology course / the society of gastrointestinal radiologists and the society of uroradiology , 2011 .
the primary focus of my research is to devise specific methods for early diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer ( eoc ) and to understand the effect of factors produced by ovarian tumors on the functional capacity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes . this research involves extensive utilization of glycoproteomic analysis in conjunction with cellular immunology , molecular biology and glycobiology .
many ovarian cancer patients have found it enormously helpful to connect with women who have traveled the same path . we can help by offering the wisdom , compassion and support of those who have endured a similar experience .
. sonographic findings in early ovarian cancer : preliminary experience in a population of high risk women screened with biannual ultrasound . 96th annual meeting and scientific assembly of the radiological society of north america meeting program , 2010 .
after her treatment , sagan assembled family , friends , medical professionals and fellow survivors to launch the wisconsin ovarian cancer alliance ( woca ) . after sagan ' s passing the organization was carried on by her two sisters , sandi and kelli until their retirement in 2015 . formed in may 2000 , the nonprofit group has been on a fast track ever since . key actions have included the formation of a medical advisory board ; identification of outreach partners in green bay and madison , as well as metropolitan milwaukee ; creation of the comedy for a cause fundraising event ; and the launch of this informational web site .
meghan shannon , shareholder in the business law practice at reinhart boerner van deuren s . c . in milwaukee , wisconsin . she joined the komen board in 2015 . for the past six years , shannon has been actively involved with the komen southeastern wisconsin affiliate , where she served as board president and treasurer . shannon also was nominated through komen’s affiliate network and brings experience in many areas of corporate , business and finance law . she received her undergraduate degree in accounting from the university of notre dame and her law degree from the university of wisconsin law school . she is a certified public accountant .
laurie fink holds a bachelor of science degree in chemistry and ph . d . in pharmacology from the university of minnesota . she has been a grant reviewer for the national institutes of health and the minnesota ovarian cancer alliance . she is a regular presenter at international museum conferences , is involved in a national discussion around the future of museum collections , and is exploring ways to incorporate citizen science into the museum .
at aurora , you can find top care for all types and stages of cancer .
complementary & alternative medicine ( cam ) a . p . john cancer institute nccam : national center for complementary and alternative medicine occam : office of cancer complementary and alternative medicine
the cancer knows no borders campaign features people like you who chose aurora for their care .
the first woman to woman program was founded in 2004 at the mount sinai medical center by ovarian cancer survivor valerie goldfein in collaboration with the mount sinai department of obstetrics , gynecology and reproductive sciences and the mount sinai department of social work . valerie’s goal in starting the program was to alleviate some of the fear and loneliness she experienced at the time of her diagnosis with ovarian cancer . ocrfa ( then ocrf ) was an early funder of the woman to woman program at mount sinai .
quality - of - life / supportive care trials aim to improve the quality of life for ovarian cancer patients , survivors , and their families . these may include issues like side effects from chemotherapy like neuropathy or nausea , or need for pain medication .
it really was me that said , ' something ' s wrong . let ' s pursue it , '
said wilhelmsen . further tests revealed that she had a large mass in her abdomen - ovarian cancer , stage 3c . she went through six cycles of chemotherapy , but the cancer returned . in august , she started treatment again .
introduction to the nccn guidelines ® for vulvar cancer and corresponding systemic therapy recommendations , sept . 27
non - small cell lung cancer , version 5 . 2017 , nccn clinical practice guidelines in oncology
patnana m , vikram r . new staging system for gastric cancer . in : advances in surgical pathology : gastric cancer . lippincott williams & wilkins : philadelphia , 266 - 282 , 2011 .
you deserve the best possible cancer care . receive an evaluation from all cancer disciplines in one visit at one of our multidisciplinary cancer clinics . explore proven treatments , promising innovations , and dozens of clinical trials , all easily accessible . get personalized care with a tailored plan at our precision medicine clinic .
giving blood and platelets provides hope for cancer patients who depend on the generosity of donors like you .
individuals affected by ovarian cancer often feel a sense of isolation . while we do not provide medical advice , we welcome your comments through the contact form below . we will make every attempt to respond to your questions , ideas and suggestions in a timely and confidential fashion .
usually part of another clinical trial , genetic trials attempt to determine how a woman’s genetic makeup can influence the detection , diagnosis , prognosis , and treatment of ovarian cancer . ( family - based genetic research studies exist that differ from cancer clinical trials ; in these studies , multiple high - risk family members may give blood and tissue and agree to be evaluated on an annual basis . )
for a cancer survivor , loved ones are crucial to treatment . explore ways to develop a support system .
dr . olufunmilayo “funmi” olopade , m . d . , f . a . c . p . currently serves as one of the komen scholars , an advisory group of 70 distinguished scholars and leaders in breast cancer research who participate in komen ' s scientific peer review process . as a widely respected leader in breast cancer research , dr . olopade’s work has helped scientists around the globe gain a greater understanding of breast cancer . a highly skilled hematology oncologist with proven expertise in cancer risk assessment , dr . olopade is an expert on individualized treatment for breast cancer as well as quality of life concerns for breast cancer patients . she currently serves as director of the center for clinical cancer genetics and professor of medicine and human genetics at the university of chicago .
the national comprehensive cancer network ® ( nccn ® ) , a not - for - profit alliance of 27 of the nation’s leading cancer centers devoted to patient care , research , and education , is dedicated to improving the quality , effectiveness , and efficiency of cancer care so that patients can live better lives . through the leadership and expertise of clinical professionals at nccn member institutions , nccn develops resources that present valuable information to the numerous stakeholders in the health care delivery system . as the arbiter of high - quality cancer care , nccn promotes the importance of continuous quality improvement and recognizes the significance of creating clinical practice guidelines appropriate for use by patients , clinicians , and other health care decision - makers .
thanks to survivors , volunteers and activists dedicated to the fight against breast cancer , the komen affiliate network is the nation ' s largest private funder of community - based breast health education and breast cancer screening / treatment site .
your gift will help support our mission to end cancer and make a difference in the lives of our patients .
. intestinal and diffuse gastric cancer : retrospective study comparing primary sites and spread patterns . ajr am j roentgenol .
after a nine month fight , lori’s mother lost her battle to ovarian cancer , which inspired her to become involved with spreading awareness . like many , lori and her mother did not realize that her symptoms were those of ovarian cancer , which is something she hopes to change . lori also volunteers to help those with bleeding disorders , so she can bring her experience there to the woca board . another animal lover , she loves spending her free time with not only her husband and sons , but with her three dogs and two cats , and would love to run her own rescue one day .
national statistics show that 1 in 72 women at some point in life will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer . about 20 , 000 american women are diagnosed with the disease each year ; more than half will die within five years . that translates to 15 , 000 deaths each year in the united states .
the more women that participate in clinical trials , the faster we will find early detection tools , better treatment and ultimately a cure . clinical trials exist for women at every point in their experience with ovarian cancer . women can explore clinical trials by visiting urltoken online or by calling ( 800 ) 535 - 1682 .
with more than 100 , 000 survivors and activists , we are the world ' s largest , most progressive grassroots network of people fighting to end breast cancer forever . as the face and voice of the global breast cancer movement . . .
cancer care at aurora is continually evolving . find out about the latest research , therapies and medical breakthroughs in our newsletters .
imholte has a degree in environmental studies and political science from hamline university in saint paul . he is a graduate of the noyce leadership institute and serves on the board of directors for theater in the round , the longest running theater in minneapolis . he is the fundraising chair for the national association for museum exhibition ( a professional network of the american alliance of museums ) and is a committee member for the international association of amusement parks at attractions’ science centers and museums committee . he is a trained racial justice facilitator and serves as an accreditation peer reviewer for the american alliance of museums .
the national comprehensive cancer network ® ( nccn ® ) , a not - for - profit alliance of 27 leading cancer centers , is dedicated to improving the quality and effectiveness of care provided to patients with cancer . through the leadership and expertise of clinical professionals at nccn member institutions , nccn develops resources that present valuable information to the numerous stakeholders in the health care delivery system . as the arbiter of high - quality cancer care , nccn promotes the importance of continuous quality improvement and recognizes the significance of creating clinical practice guidelines appropriate for use by patients , clinicians , and other health care decision - makers . the primary goal of all nccn initiatives is to improve the quality , effectiveness , and efficiency of oncology practice so patients can live better lives . for more information , visit urltoken .
as an executive clinical oncology specialist for astrazeneca pharmaceuticals , hayley is professionally and personally invested in helping ovarian cancer patients live longer than ever before . she represents what was the 1st parp inhibitor to market ( now 3 1 / 2 years ago ! ) and just recently was approved as a maintenance therapy . she is not only proud of all of these pivotal advances in medicine for women with ovarian cancer , but is even more hopeful as we look to develop a diagnostic tool and someday even a cure . because of her passion for these patients , she had been a volunteer at events and happily joined the board in 2017 . her background in sales , marketing and fundraising will be an asset throughout the year for the various events held for woca in milwaukee and madison . when not working or volunteering , hayley spends time with her husband jim and their 3 kids . as a former university of wisconsin volleyball player , she tries to attend as many uw badger games as she can !
recognizing a significant need for greater support for women with gynecologic cancers and their families , ovarian cancer research fund alliance ( then ocrf ) launched a national expansion of woman to woman in 2011 with the very generous support of the program’s national sponsor , qvc . the company’s $ 1 million pledge toward the expansion of the program has enabled woman to woman to reach patients throughout the united states and provide them with the care and resources they need following a diagnosis . qvc aspires to leverage the power of relationships to help women lead healthy lives– and to do so by supporting women at critical times throughout their lives . to that end , qvc is helping to build caring communities for women during illness and invest in research for cures . the company has donated an incredible $ 6 million toward ocrfa’s mission of finding a cure for ovarian cancer while supporting patients and their families . ocrfa gratefully acknowledges qvc’s partnership and commitment to the woman to woman program and its mission to enhance the quality of care for all women .
have a question pertaining to ovarian cancer ? ask our medical advisory board . your question will be sent off to the board , and your response will then be posted to our
ask the dr . blog .
we will send you an email once your question has been answered . click the button to fill out the form , and lets get started !
twice over the next year , physicians told her not to worry :
you don ' t have cancer .
but her symptoms persisted .
. leiomyoma of the prostate : case report and review of the literature . clin genitourin cancer . e - pub 2018 . pmid : 29483044 .
when kremer received her diagnosis , doctors operated and told her cancer was in both ovaries and her uterus . she went through six rounds of chemotherapy .
that was 4½ years ago . today , kremer told the medical students , an important measure used to detect cancer appears to have returned to normal .
a woman passionate for helping everyone touched by cancer , ashley is a perfect fit for woca’s executive director . she discovered her passion after completing an internship at the reiman cancer center , and then losing her mother to pancreatic cancer in 2012 . the best part of working for woca to ashley is getting to see all the love and support at the annual survivor’s brunch , because helping those affected by cancer is what she loves most . when she isn’t working , she loves to spend time with friends and family , as well as watching reality tv , working out , and rooting on the packers .
as part of our mission to eliminate cancer , md anderson researchers conduct hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancers .
woca recognizes that cancer is a life changing journey , which should not be traveled alone . therefore , we offer a number of different support services .
woman in science award — tamara a . scerpella , md dr . scerpella is a tenured professor of orthopedic surgery and the ballantine endowed professor of orthopedic research at the university of wisconsin . she is chief of the division of sports medicine , vice chair of the department and team physician for the university of wisconsin badgers . she is president of the forum , the society for women orthopedic sports medicine specialists . dr . scerpella’s research goal is to improve lifelong bone health in women through childhood and adolescent physical activity programming . her observational and interventional trials have resulted in more than two - dozen peer reviewed publications and nearly 50 national and international presentations . through this work , dr . scerpella has provided research mentorship to more than 40 orthopedic surgery residents , medical and undergraduate students . she is married to dr . patrick scerpella , an orthopedic foot and ankle specialist . they have four children , john who will graduate from the university of wisconsin with a masters of public health degree this spring ; will who is a freshman at washington university ; colleen , a sophomore in high school ; and patrick , a seventh grade student .
dr . jordan is an experienced entrepreneur , corporate executive and board director . her areas of expertise include strategic planning , general management , sales and marketing , business development , alliance management , corporate governance , global operations , and mergers and acquisitions . she is the founder and ceo of bioinnovation advisors , a consulting practice that advises companies developing novel healthcare products and services .
specialists from the new cardio - oncology center create a customized plan to help keep your heart , lungs , and blood vessels safe from certain cancer treatments .
woman to woman is a unique support program that pairs gynecologic cancer patients with trained survivor volunteers who provide one - on - one emotional support and mentoring to women when they need it most . from the moment of diagnosis through the end of treatment , woman to woman survivor volunteers help women and their families cope with gynecologic cancer .
lori , a board member of three years and a volunteer of six , was inspired to start spreading the word when her close friend was diagnosed with ovarian cancer eight years ago . with a knack for fundraising , she loves raising money at toast for teal , a fun event for everyone involved . she also volunteers outside of woca , such as at uso , and spends her free time with friends enjoying wine tastings , farmers markets , and craft fairs .
paula schneider is president and ceo of susan g . komen® , responsible for the strategic direction and day - to - day operation of komen’s research , community health , public policy advocacy and global programs . schneider brings a personal perspective to komen’s mission as a breast cancer survivor whose mother died of metastatic breast cancer . learn more about paula now .
colleen is an ovarian cancer survivor herself , diagnosed at the young age of 13 . being diagnosed so young , she sees a different side to the disease , and experienced whole different world of medical treatment . she has a very creative side , which comes in handy for the board , especially with fundraising ideas . she hosts an annual golf outing to raise money for woca , an event that reaches a new crowd , more men , and always earns more than $ 5k !
juliette comes to the science museum from college possible , a national nonprofit headquartered in saint paul that provides low - income students with an intensive curriculum of coaching and support to help them earn college admission and college degrees . as director of human resources and operations , francis oversaw the organization’s hr , new site operations , and technology functions . her professional experience also includes human resources work at girls scouts of minnesota and wisconsin river valleys and fury motors .
at the young age of 26 , diane lost her mother to ovarian cancer , and began getting involved with woca in hopes of contributing to developing a test . three years ago diane joined the board , and her background in marketing and financials help her contribute greatly as woca’s treasurer , and head of the marketing and financial committees . very passionate about volunteering , diane also works with the across america boxer rescue to help pups in need , and also enjoys getting to as many uw badger games as she can .
. correlation of endometrial fdg uptake in patients with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen . 107th annual meeting of the american roentgen ray society , ajr am j roentenol 188 ( 5 suppl ) , 2007 .
“i saw what cancer patients go through , ” she says . i would tell my nieces , ‘go sit with that woman ; she has no one . ’ everybody deserves a shot at life . ”
taylor was introduced to woca at the age of twelve when her mother was diagnosed with ovarian cancer . she helped as a volunteer until she was old enough to become a board member , which she did right at eighteen , becoming board secretary shortly after . as one of the younger board members , taylor’s focus is on raising awareness to the high school and college age demographics in hope to start diagnosing early . when she’s not working towards her degree in english and creative writing , she enjoys playing tennis and weightlifting , writing , and spoiling her puppies .
exceptional mentorship award — nancy rappaport , md dr . nancy rappaport is a part - time associate professor of psychiatry at harvard medical school and a con - sultant in the psychiatry department at cambridge health alliance . she is the author of in her wake : a child psychiatrist explores the mystery of her mother’s suicide ( basic books , september 2009 ) and the behavior code : a practical guide to understanding and teaching the most challenging students ( harvard education press , april 2012 ) , written with behavioral analyst jessica minahan .
anne c . carter leadership award — lexi shepherd lexi shepherd is a member of oakland university william beaumont ( ouwb ) school of medicine class of 2017 in rochester , mi . she grew up in rochester less than a mile from the farm of bertha van hoosen , amwa founder . lexi graduated from the university of michigan with a b . s . in microbiology and a minor in medical anthropology . she has served as amwa national student treasurer and student fundraising co - chair for two terms . collaborating with physicians and students , lexi focused on a strong start to the next 100 years of amwa’s excellence . before becoming involved at the national level , she served as branch president and symposium chair for her local amwa branch . as president , she concentrated on expanding amwa’s involvement in the local community . in addition to her involvement with amwa , she served as treasurer and vice president for ouwb’s obstetrician / gynecologist interest group and is a planning committee member for the michigan ovarian cancer alliance’s annual car show and 5k awareness event . lexi plans to continue with a career in women’s healthcare as an obstetrician gynecologist .
our board of directors governs and advises us in our endeavors to save lives and end breast cancer forever , and leads our efforts to fund the best science and equip the boldest communities in order to make the biggest impact .
geiselman knows about the power of pulling together . she relied on the village to get her through cancer a few years back . she attributes her survival to faith , a loving family , and a uaw - negotiated medical package .
the advocates in science steering committee is comprised of seven advocates who’ve demonstrated their dedication and leadership in breast cancer advocacy . the committee works closely with komen staff , both locally and nationally , to develop the strategy for the ais program , expand its community of members and leverage the benefits of effective breast cancer research advocacy . they are also active members of either the komen scholars or the scientific advisory board . get to know the members of our ais steering committee now .
. [ 18f ] - 2 fluoro - 2 - deoxy - d - glucose - pet assessment of cervical cancer . pet clin 13 ( 2 ) : 165 - 177 , 2018 . e - pub 2018 . pmid : 29482748 .
our mission advisors are rock stars—the best and brightest researchers , clinicians , advocates and other experts who help guide and implement our mission programs . thanks to their efforts , we’re driving discovery , affecting change and accelerating progress in the fight against breast cancer .
exceptional mentorship award — laurie g . hudson , phd laurie g . hudson , phd is a university of new mexico regents’ professor and a productive researcher , who is highly engaged in mentorship at the unm health sciences center . she received her bachelor’s degree from the university of washington and her ph . d . in pharmacology and toxicology from harvard university . dr . hudson is active in the unm comprehensive cancer center with an emphasis in ovarian cancer tumor biology and therapeutics . she also conducts research on mechanisms underlying environmental metal toxicity and disease in tribal populations . dr . hudson is dedicated to supporting the development and success of the next generation of scientists throughout the education and professional continuum . dr . hudson is actively involved in institutional research training programs and research education leadership . she strives to enhance diversity in science , support and promote women scientists , and foster the success of junior faculty . dr . hudson provides career development presentations and workshops in addition to individual coaching to
jane abraham was elected to komen ' s board of directors on may 31 , 2012 , after serving as an interim board member and as a member of the komen advocacy alliance board of directors . the wife of former senator and u . s . secretary of energy spencer abraham , she has long been a breast cancer advocate , having actively participated for a number of years in both the annual susan g . komen washington d . c . race for the cure ( formerly known as the global race for the cure ) and race for the cure events in her home state of michigan . she is chair of the board of the susan b . anthony list and just completed an 18 - month assignment as chair of the congressional commission on the american museum of women ' s history . abraham is president of abraham strategies llc . , a strategic marketing firm and recently started a new business with her twin daughters , abraham retail group holding , llc .
as vice president , information technology for susan g . komen ® , eric montgomery is responsible for the it function of the world ' s largest breast cancer organization . in this role , montgomery oversees enterprise it solutions for komen ' s global infrastructure and operational needs . learn more about eric now .
global initiative against hpv & cervical cancer educate . empower . eradicate shobha s . krishnan award – alice e . drain alice is a student at nyu school of medicine . she graduated from yale university with a degree in history before completing a post - baccalaureate program at johns hopkins . her interest in medicine developed in 2009 in kutch , india where she worked with the global initiative against cervical cancer ( giahc ) to develop a cervical cancer prevention program for a ngo in that area . she has continued to work with giahc throughout her time in medical school , in addition to volunteering at the free clinic and tutoring high school students . she remains interested in women’s health and completed an msci degree during medical school with research focused on female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery . in her free time alice enjoys concerts , traveling , and biking in prospect park . she will be starting residency in urology at nyu in july .
transportation resources rush copley oncology does not provide transportation for patients . however , public transportation is available to rush copley medical center . other options include dial - a - ride ( 630 - 892 - 1999 ) or the road to recovery ( 630 - 879 - 9009 ) program run by the local american cancer society .
as chief financial officer for susan g . komen ® , bob green is responsible for all financial matters affecting the world ' s largest breast cancer organization , including the oversight of komen ' s financial , accounting , training and information technology systems . green will guide financial strategy for operations at komen ' s headquarters as well as its global network of affiliates . learn more about bob now .
as corporate controller for susan g . komen ® , ria williams is responsible for the strategy and direction of the financial reporting and analysis functions for headquarters and its global network of affiliates . she assists the cfo with strategic and tactical matters as they relate to budget management , forecasting needs and strategic decision - making to help the organization achieve its mission of ending breast cancer forever . learn more about ria now .
as senior vice president of mission for susan g . komen ® , victoria leads a team of scientists , public health professionals , educators , and administrators in developing and executing komen’s investment to fulfill our vision , working to end breast cancer in the u . s . and throughout the world through groundbreaking research , education , screening , and treatment programs in more than 30 countries . learn more about victoria now .
nancy g . brinker is regarded as the leader of the global breast cancer movement . her journey began with a simple promise to her dying sister , susan g . komen , that she would do everything possible to end the shame , pain , fear and hopelessness caused by this disease . in one generation , the organization that bears susan ' s name has changed the world . learn more about nancy now .
survivor volunteers meet one - on - one with the patients with whom they are matched to listen , discuss concerns , provide advice and support , and sometimes , just hold a hand . volunteers are carefully matched to new patients based on cancer type , age , language and culture , patient preferences , as well as other relevant factors . they are professionally trained and supervised by a coordinator who also oversees the program ( typically a hospital social worker or nurse practitioner ) . during their intensive training session , volunteers learn active listening , communication skills , and how to address cultural differences . in addition , they receive an overview of gynecologic cancers and the issues associated with them , and gain an understanding of their own relationship to their illness as they prepare to volunteer . these survivor volunteers give hope , along with the special insights that can only come from someone with her own personal gynecologic cancer experience .
dr . patnana completed her medical training upon graduation from st . george ' s university school of medicine in june of 2000 . she finished her radiology residency at maimonides medical center in brooklyn , ny . she then went on to pursue a fellowship in body imaging at md anderson cancer center which she completed in june 2006 at which time she was offered and accepted a position as assistant professor in the division of diagnostic imaging , department of diagnostic radiology .
along with good insurance , geiselman benefited from obamacare , which lifted the cap on the level of medical expenses one can accrue in a year . her overall costs with surgery and chemotherapy were over a half million dollars . this while “three different young women in my neighborhood , who were in their 30’s and 40s , lost their homes and filed for bankruptcy after their cancer diagnoses , ” she says adding , “and they had husbands with good jobs . ”
as vice president , human resources for susan g . komen ® , catherine olivieri oversees the people - related programs and policies to connect and align business to people strategies throughout the organization . this includes talent acquisition , talent management , employee benefits , compensation , employee relations , succession planning and organizational development . she assures that susan g . komen complies with requirements of erisa , eeo and all federal , state and local statutes in support of the world ' s largest breast cancer organization . learn more about catherine now .


manley laboratories , inc. is an american manufacturer of pro audio equipment , including microphones , signal processors , dynamic range processors , equalizers , converters , and specialized mastering products .

manley is located in chino , california .

manley laboratories

in 1993 , manley laboratories , inc . became a separate entity apart from vtl .
© 2018 manley laboratories , inc . , all rights reserved . privacy notice | terms of use
after only three years with manley laboratories , co - founder david manley abruptly left the company and the country in 1996 . with eveanna manley now at the helm , the modern form of manley labs began to take shape .
manley laboratories ( langevin ) tel . ( 909 ) 627 - 4256 ; e - mail emanley @ manleylabs . com ; web urltoken
eveanna manley : behind the gear with manley labs | tape op magazine | longform candid interviews with music producers and audio engineers covering mixing , mastering , recording and music production .
preamp ( more than $ 1 , 000 ) langevin dual vocal combo ( $ 2 , 000 ) premium mic preamps are key ingredients in superlative recordings , and it & apos ; s no secret that manley laboratories makes some of the finest . but until the dual vocal combo ( dvc ) hit the street , not many people at the personal - studio level could entertain thoughts of owning a voice processor hand - built by the esteemed manley labs . ( units bearing the manley laboratories imprint are tube models , whereas manley uses the langevin name - which it has owned since the early 1990s - to designate its line of solid - state products . )
these custom transformers rapidly become a hallmark of the manley sound , and remain so to this day .
manley laboratories continues to produce recording , mixing , mastering , and playback equipment of the very highest caliber , proudly maintaining the great analog traditions upon which the company was built - and always looking forward to the future of the industry . tubes rule .
it was at this time that the first manley professional products were developed , starting with the original 1u reference 60db microphone preamplifier and soon followed by the manley enhanced pultec and mid frequency equalizers . these products , along with the manley reference cardioid and reference gold microphones , all made their debut at the 1990 los angeles aes show .
this modification comes stock on all manley variable mu limiter compressors since 12 / 2009 , on both regular and mastering versions .
manley ' s first commercially available products were upper echelon high - fidelity vacuum tube amplifiers and preamplifiers constructed at the old vacuum tube logic of america factory .
brandeis dissent on the states as laboratories - new state ice co . v . liebmann , 285 u . s . 262 , 52 s . ct . 371 , 76 l . ed . 747 ( 1932 )
under the leadership and vision of eveanna manley , manley labs has created and built some of the finest studio equipment ( and high - end home audio components ) over the last two decades . studios across the world count on their mostly tube - based eqs , compressors , microphones , preamps , mixers , and more .
manley nr , selleri l , brendolan a , gordon j , cleary ml . abnormalities of caudal pharyngeal pouch development in pbx1 knockout mice mimic loss of hox3 paralogs .
hemex health and diatomix were selected as this year’s winners at the conclusion of an exhaustive due - diligence process , which included weekly meetings since early march to review each of this year’s 46 applicant companies . the other finalists were heritage laboratories ,
from the early 2000s to today , manley has focused on streamlining production processes , becoming more efficient while maintaining the principles of high - end audio quality and integrity in american manufacturing that have always guided the brand .
the new manley labs factory at 13880 magnolia ave . in beautiful and bovine chino , california was outfitted to house the manley hi - fi and pro studio manufacturing as well as the langevin production lines , our newly acquired machine shop , and printed circuit board facilities . the following year , the factory ' s capabilities were augmented by the addition of a computer - controlled mechanical engraving machine and , very importantly , a transformer winding department .
my dad gave me three names when i went out to l . a . i called the first guy who worked at crate amplifiers — he didn ' t answer the phone . the second guy worked at fender and he knew david manley . i was trying to get a job at fender . he said ,
yeah , call these two crazy south africans in chino building tube gear .
that ' s how i met david and [ his son ] luke manley . david and i got married , and i was running the factory . we split up vtl and manley labs . within three years he took off and moved to france , and we got divorced .
my wife , quite taken by the unconventional appearance of this curious new denizen of our audio menagerie , was pleased to learn that its overall design was the vision of a female audiophile .
it looks like a little village ,
she concluded . but while the essential vision was indeed that of manley labs ' guiding light , it took a village of dedicated audiophiles , or at least manley labs ' dedicated team , to raise such a child .
immunohistochemistry using anti - pbx1b , 16 , 23 anti - pbx2 ( clone 2 . 1 ) , or anti - pbx3a 19 monoclonal antibodies was performed on paraffin sections of embryonic tissues . paraffin sections ( 7 μ m ) from e9 . 5 and e12 . 5 mouse embryos were prepared and rehydrated . for antigen retrieval , the slides were immersed in citric acid–based antigen unmasking solution ( vector laboratories ) and boiled in a pressure cooker for 10 minutes , then cooled down at 4°c for 20 minutes . endogenous peroxidase activities were blocked by treating in 3 % h 2 o 2 for 10 minutes . the slides were then blocked in 5 % normal goat serum for 30 minutes . the primary mouse monoclonal antibodies were used at the following dilutions : anti - pbx1b , 1 : 200 ; anti - pbx2 , 1 : 400 ; and anti - pbx3a , 1 : 400 . the antibodies were then incubated for 2 hours at room temperature . the biotinylated anti - mouse igg secondary antibody ( vector laboratories ) was used at 1 : 250 for 30 minutes at room temperature . the signal was amplified using the vectastain elite abc kit ( vector laboratories ) for 30 minutes and developed with dab ( vector laboratories ) . finally , the slides were counterstained with hematoxylin for nuclei and mounted with permount ( thermofisher ) .
there ' s an aesthetic dimension to the manley laboratories stingray that transcends high - end audio and borders on modern sculpture—not unlike the e . a . r . v20 , which i auditioned in the october issue . still , the stingray is by no means an exercise in gimmickry . form has clearly followed function at every step in the design process , the ultimate goal of which was to fashion a vacuum - tube integrated amplifier with real - world power that defined the outer limits of high - end performance in a functional , affordable , bare - bones package . . . with a touch of style .
for all non - technical related questions or comments , give us a holler using the general contact form . wondering if the manley unit of your dreams is going to work for you ? ask us ! we ' re here to help make your dreams come true !
beginning with the core ® reference channel strip in 2014 and continuing with the force ® , nu mu ® and elop ® + , the newly designed power supplies in manley’s latest gear provide the ultra - low noise floor , true high voltage brawn , and superior headroom required for serious analog sound .
large illuminated sifam meters ( older units before serial number mslc61642 shipped before 12 / 2003 use : 26v 1 . 2w festoon lamps ; manley ' s part number : var016b ) order spare bulbs using our parts order form . ( newest units after serial number mslc61642 shipped after 12 / 2003 use white led lighting )
follow the directions below to convert your 5670 - powered manley variable mu® to use the 6386 tubes . it ' s more work to do this than to install our 6ba6 t - bar mod kits which we charge $ 500 for ( complete and installed with four 6ba6 tubes selected for quad - perfect matching , lo - noise , and lo - microphonics ) .
proudly from our beginning , we at manley labs have been closely involved with numerous mastering facilities around the world . for these most demanding engineers in our industry , we have created specialized products such as our all - tube tape repro head amps , digital converters , high - powered vacuum tube monitor amplifiers , through to custom monitoring consoles , all the way up to complete facility design and installation .
totally . i was so impressed with him . my whole plan was to take the next semester off from school , go find him in san francisco , and talk myself into some job with bgp [ bill graham presents ] . i drove across the country , but i stayed in l . a . and got a job at vacuum tube logic with the manley ' s at the time . i didn ' t go to san francisco .
the stingray ' s hexagonal shape—essentially a square with the front and back corners cut off—evolved from manley ' s desire to keep signal paths and connections as short and direct as possible so as to employ a passive preamp instead of a gain - stage device . which is why a pair of bullet - shaped aluminum pillars serve to conceal and gussy up the left and right corners , and double as the conical feet on which the amplifier rests .
while the manley stingray has only one power transformer , it is essentially a fixed - bias , dual - monoblock configuration on a single stainless - steel chassis . it has sets of separate left and right line inputs ( gold - plated brass with teflon dielectric ) positioned to either side of the chassis and adjacent to their own output transformers , a four - position silver - contact input selector switch , and screw - down - style binding posts .
of such moments are legends born . in honor of jgh , this souped - up , highly evolved descendant of the venerable manley 50w monoblocks was dubbed the stingray . the fish is illuminated on the 24k - gold front panel in a manner befitting the trailer for a william castle / vincent price mondo sci - fi epic . (
no audiophiles will be seated during the final 15 minutes of this demo ! please don ' t reveal the surprise ending to your friends !
)
the 6l6 also happens to be a rugged tubeas it has to be for musical - instrument use . guitar amps are designed to withstand being knocked over during bar fights , tripped up by lounge lizards , and dropped off the backs of band vans . in the 1950s and ' 60s , the british , bless their hearts , routinely used kt66sclose cousins of the 6l6 . in this country , the 6l6 has been snubbed by high - end designersat least until just recently . what a collective blind spot ! the manley 175 should change all that .
well , i can ' t admit to consciously trying to inflict my personality on the sound of this gear , but i will admit to listening to a lot of rock ' n ' roll music ,
manley laughs .
music has such a powerful associative property for me—it ' s emotional . true enough , i played saxes and clarinets and a little trumpet in high school and college bands and orchestras , and even got a degree in music , so yeah , i know my music theory and i do know what real instruments sound like .
to solve all these problems , paul came up with a really good solution : the t - bar mod . this uses a pair of 6ba6 pentodes wired as single triodes to replace each dual triode 5670 ( or 6386 ) . the 6ba6 t - bar mod is the preferred system to use in the manley variable mu® for reasons of ability to perfectly match each phase - halve section and each stereo set , ability to select for lo - noise and lo - microphonic sets for a low cost , and because the action of the 6ba6 ' s so closely resemble the smooth 6386 limiting curves .
individual bias pots are provided for the output tubes . the trim pots and test points are conveniently and logically laid out on top of the chassis . a multimeter with a dc voltage function is required for the bias adjustments . the trimpot is adjusted so that the dc voltage across each 10 ohm cathode resistor measures 260275mv , which , by ohm ' s law , corresponds to a bias current of 2627 . 5ma . the corresponding plate dissipation is a conservative 13w . manley labs recommends that the bias be checked every few months . they estimate an output tube life of three to four years with average usage .
the main functions of preamps these days are switching and volume ,
manley explains .
when you have to drive only a few inches of wire , as in the stingray , and all your sources are a couple of volts output , as they mostly all are these days , a passive preamp works great . some guys , thinking less is more , get in trouble with passive preamps trying to use a 50k ohm potentiometer to drive 12 ' of whatever capacitance in the cable . whoops ? where did the balls and high frequencies go ? gotta get down to some low impedance to drive cable properly without loss .
the filter is a very gentle 6db per octave 1 pole filter , and will typically be down 1 - 3db at 100 hz , and down 4 - 6db at 50hz . as you decrease the frequency the amount of limiting will decrease also . at the extreme lf ( < 20hz ) there should be very little gain reduction going on . the whole intent of the filter is to keep very lf stuff ( like a heavy kick drum ) from activating the compression / limiting so that the overall level doesn ' t duck with every drumbeat . we can add the high pass side chain option stock boards for an extra $ 350 net ( or $ 200 as a kit ) to older manley variable mu limiters .
a targeting vector was created using the cstf2t coding region from chromosome 19 ( 33 ) with pgk - neo ( fig . 2 a ) , electroporated into 129svev es cells , g418 - resistant colonies were selected , and colonies in which neo had replaced cstf2t were identified by pcr . es cells were microinjected into c57bl / 6 embryos and reimplanted into pseudopregnant females . mice that displayed a high degree of chimerism were identified and bred to wild - type c57bl / 6 mice to generate f 1 progeny . germ - line transmission was confirmed by pcr analysis of f 1 animals ( fig . 2 a and b ) . subsequent animal studies were performed at texas tech university health sciences center , in accordance with protocols according to national institutes of health guidelines , and approved by the institutional animal care and use committee . cstf2t tm1 ( neo ) mice used in these studies were of mixed c57bl / 6–129svev background . cd - 1 outbred mice used in the mating analysis were purchased from charles river laboratories .
well , up to about 6db of limiting it ' s about the same . after that point , the 5670 version tends to sound more
squashed
than the original 6386 version . some like it better , some don ' t - - depends on what you ' re trying to do . to solve all these problems , paul came up with a really good solution : the t - bar mod which uses a pair of 6ba6 pentodes wired as single triodes to replace each dual triode 5670 ( or 6386 ) . the 6ba6 tbar mod is the preferred system to use in the manley variable mu® for reasons of ability to perfectly match each phase - halve section and each stereo set , ability to select for lo - noise and lo - microphonic sets for a low cost , and because the action of the 6ba6 ' s so closely resemble the smooth 6386 limiting curves .
as manley describes it ,
' sorry , boys , ' i ' d tell them . ' your numbers are way better with the new designs , but we ' re still not there sonically . try again . ' so what actually ended up happening was a balance of numbers and ears . the bass sound i was looking for came from the right amount of inductance combined with a slight introduction of saturation . ' oh , the horror ! ' you say . nope , numbers ain ' t everything . . . as you may have heard . the other place we found we were losing a little bass was in the old input stage we ' d been using for the past 15 years . so paul fargo developed a new input design that really did the trick . and it suited us well , with the stingray ' s passive volume and balance control , to score a little extra gain there anyway . and mr . 12at7 takes care of that job .
it would be strange and unwarranted doctrine to hold that they may do so by enactments which transcend the limitations imposed upon them by the federal constitution . the principle is imbedded in our constitutional system that there are certain essentials of liberty with which the state is not entitled to dispense in the interest of experiments . this principle has been applied by this court in many cases . dorchy v . kansas , 264 u . s . 286 ; wolff co . v . industrial court , 262 u . s . 522 , 267 u . s . 552 ; pierce v . sisters , 268 u . s . 510 ; nixon v . herndon , 273 u . s . 536 ; tumey v . ohio , 273 u . s . 510 ; manley v . georgia , 279 u . s . 1 ; washington v . roberge , 278 u . s . 116 ; chicago , st . p . , m . & o . ry . co . v . holmberg , 282 u . s . 162 ; stromberg v . california , 283 u . s . 359 ; near v . minnesota , 283 u . s . 697 . in the case last cited the theory of experimentation in censorship was not permitted to interfere with the fundamental doctrine of the freedom of the press . the opportunity to apply one ' s labor and skill in an ordinary occupation with proper regard for all reasonable regulations is no less entitled to protection .
he owned the company , probably with some other people . i ' m not sure what the financial structure was at the time . he organized a buyout from everett hull . les paul told me ,
your father bought ampeg in my living room !
that ' s how i got into the business , through old contacts of my father ' s . he married my mom in ' 76 after he had sold the company to magnavox in ' 72 . we heard all the stories : that he knew johnny cash , that the rolling stones used ampeg , and all that . it all sounded very interesting .
sure . the rock and roll business sounded really glamorous to me . through high school i was big into band and art , and i was torn between what i wanted to do . my mother was trying to push me into architecture because i was a very skilled artist . i went to interview at an architect ' s for a summer intern ship ; everyone was dressed in suits and looked super uptight . i thought ,
no , this is not going to be my world . no way .
when i was going to college at columbia , the great promoter bill graham ' s son , david graham , was in my class . he brought bill into one of the classes to give us a lecture . he was sitting there , right in front of us , telling us everything about the music business .
yeah . i was already running the company anyway at that time . i was running the factory , as well as most of the sales , managing the dealers , directing customer service , and answering lots of questions for customers , which i still do . i bought david out . he was a bit of a renegade . he didn ' t like dealers , but if you want to be a real company , the traditional way is still the best way .
by the late ' 80s , people had basically stopped making pro audio gear with tubes .
yeah , there was summit and tube - tech , basically . there weren ' t a lot of boutique audio companies at the time . today , if you ' re a person with an idea , you can put something together , start a company , exhibit at a show , start selling stuff , and make a nice little living doing that . maybe it had to do with getting the word out back then . these days with the internet , you can get the word out .
your microphone line might not always get a lot of attention , but i know the reference cardioid microphone is one of your top sellers .
it ' s our best - selling product . we started building those mics in 1990 and debuted them at our first aes show , also in 1990 . we ' d been working with david josephson [ tape op # 48 ] during that time . he builds the capsules for the reference gold mic . the reference cardioid mic , which came later that year , uses a chinese capsule . there ' s something very magical about it . it ' s basically the same tube stage in both mics , but the capsules and their voltages are different . . . .
the rest of this article is only available with an archive subscription or by purchasing back issue # 101 . for an upcoming year ' s free subscription , and our current issue on pdf . . .
vintage king co - founder michael nehra shares some of his love , knowledge , and practical advice for diving into the world of vintage audio gear , and then takes us behind the scenes for a walk through . . .
jim williams has spent much of his 56 years working with some of the biggest names in the music business , including frank zappa , john mclaughlin and stevie wonder . he ' s the owner of audio upgrades , . . .
bill cheney and jim romney are the men responsible for keeping the amazing legacy of spectra sonics , a legendary , if criminally unheralded , pro - audio company alive .
burl audio , under the direction of owner / designer rich williams , has developed some of the best new recording equipment over the last eight years . their mic preamps , summing amps , and control room . . .
carol kaye is one of the most recorded bass players of all time , with 10 , 000 sessions and 40 , 000 songs under her belt , including a staggering list of hits for ray charles , the righteous brothers , . . .
not only is susan rogers a record producer , engineer , mixer , and audio electronics technician , she has a doctorate in psychology ( having studied music cognition and psychoacoustics ) from mcgill . . .
located near mount shasta in northern california is a thriving complex known as radiostar studios . in four different rooms people are making music — mixing , tracking and overdubbing constantly . . . .
a major star in her native land , via her successful acting and music careers , argentina’s juana molina should be a household name in the rest of the world . in 2000 a friend passed along a copy . . .
hi roman ; in regards to your question about bob , i once worked in a situation with him at real world . the session was filled with great musicians from around the world , but there was a lack of . . .
you ' ve seen the spikes and corpse paint , satanic or ancient themes , or maybe even the blood and guts album covers . maybe you assumed death and black metal was something not to be taken seriously , but . . .
i didn ' t expect andrew schneider ' s brooklyn studio to be on a tree - lined residential corner : unsane records happen here and nobody calls the cops ? but , as it turns out , it ' s entirely possible to have . . .
trevor horn : art of noise , abc , yes , frankie . . .
1 . commander of the most excellent order of the british empire : really . 2 . record producer : known for albums and hits by abc , seal , frankie goes to hollywood , yes , dollar , belle and sebastian and . . .
partway through my chat with world - renowned mix engineer dave pensado he said ,
be careful that you don ' t confuse advice with opinion .
hanging with dave you realize he is a veritable fountain of . . .
in an industry that has become more and more digitized , nashville ' s welcome to 1979 and its owner , chris mara , are offering clients an opportunity to step back in time . with a recent purchase of a . . .
psych pop has been enjoying a healthy resurgence . the loudest shots from the latest wave were fired by tame impala when they released innerspeaker in 2010 , soon becoming one of the biggest . . .
audio gates are one of the most powerful , yet often overlooked , tools in your recording arsenal . a properly set gate can tighten your drum tracks , clean up your vocals , reduce leakage from other sound . . .
with him ?
mark knopfler seemed amused about us coming along for an interview with engineer and producer chuck ainlay at mark ' s british grove studios in chiswick , london . mark predicts it will only . . .
the variable mu limiter compressor is the glue that holds the mix together while crystallizing it into a professional , final product . all - tube , all transformer , an all - american legend . high pass side chain mod now comes standard .
excellent design and workmanship . highest quality sonics . the ultimate ' glue ' for a mix .
the compress mode is soft - knee 1 . 5 to 1 ratio while the sharper knee limit mode starts at 4 to 1 and moves to a more dramatic ratio of 20 to 1 when limiting over 12db . interestingly , the knee actually softens as more limiting is used . distortion can be creatively used by turning up the input and turning down the output while using very little or no compression . see the gain reduction curves here !
you might notice that the variable mu® limiter compressor has a ganged input control , but do not jump to conclusions that it is mono - unfriendly . track away ! there are separate threshold and output controls to make compensations with plus you can always adjust your individual source levels elsewhere , right ? the advantage of the stereo input control becomes dramatically clear when you switch to link mode , and that’s what our variable mu® limiter compressor does better than anything else : final mix , 2 - track , or mastering limiting and compression . like one reviewer put it : “it’s like pouring a bowl of sweet cream over the mix . ” mmmmmm . yummy . give your music a big hug .
stepped switch input attenuator as of 10 / 2011 . ( older units use silent dual - ganged potentiometer )
limit ( 4 : 1 to 20 : 1 ) or compress ( 1 . 5 to 1 )
unit is factory set for 100v , 120v or 220 - 240vac operation for original destination country ' s mains voltage .
mains fuse value for 100 ~ 120vac operation : replace with 1 . 25a as of 10 / 2011
mains fuse value for 220 ~ 240vac operation : replace with 0 . 6a ( 600ma ) as of 10 / 2011
dimensions : 19” x 3 1 / 2” x 10” ( chassis occupies 2u ) power transformer protrudes 3 . 5
out the back of the chassis .
yes , the newer units use the 5670 tube instead of the 6386 . by now the availability of the original usa ge 6386 is poor ; we don ' t have any left at all , and what we do have are not usable due to noise , microphonics , bad side - to - side match , etc .
update 2009 : there is a new production 6386 being made by jj factory . they are very expensive , $ 120 each ! we have not tested these tubes .
you can read an informative thread about the jj6386 on gearslutz to decide if you want to them instead .
if you want us to convert your unit for you , we can . you ' ll be supplying the 6386 tubes and we will all pray to the tube gods that they are quiet and internally matched . maybe buy extras to be sure . check out our service page for rates and then fill in the ra form to book the service and you can work with paul on that .
replace 3k57 resistors connected to pins 4 & 6 of 5670 socket with 6k8 1w .
replace 33k 1w resistor between wiper of
gr cal
trimpot and the junction of the meter with 22k 1w ( resistor is located near the rear corner of the pcb next to the gr cal trimpot ) .
repeat procedure for the other channel ; re - calibrate as outlined in the owner’s manual .
the limiting characteristics shouldn ' t change much , but the distortion characteristics will . the input control on these units is located ahead of the tubes , directly
behind
the input transformer . so as you advance the input control , you ' re hitting the input tube ( which is the gain - varying stage ) with more and more signal . gain reduction is done by making the dc bias on this tube more negative ( the threshold control determines how much ) . the tube has a limit as to how far it can be biased negative to reduce gain before it goes non - linear , and since your audio signal is obviously swinging both positive and negative , the big swings of the audio signal plus the negative gain control voltage will eventually push the tube into the red zone . tubes like the 6386 / 6ba6 / 12ba6 can be pushed a lot farther before the thd builds than tubes like a 5670 . higher signal level also pushes the rest of the tubes and the output transformer harder , which will change the sound character as well .
the input level is a five position switch with a generic optimum setting of “0” in the 12 : 00 position . each step in either direction is 2 db . for reference , unity gain is
0
. the output attenuators are in half db steps . reference unity is - 11 . 5 or fully counter - clockwise . you might think of these as
gain makeup
. they are marked technically , in that “0” or fully clockwise has zero attenuation in the circuit . the tube circuit actually has 15 . 5 db of gain . the input attenuator at
0
removes 4 db and the output attenuator removes the last 11 . 5 producing
unity
. with a little compression the
gain make - up
available with the output attenuator is very handy .
the threshold is in half db steps calibrated to limit mode . in compress the steps are approximately 1 / 4 db . there are 24 steps so limit gets a 12 db range and compress has a 6 db range of adjustment . in some cases it is common to use the input attenuator to find a good starting point . some mastering engineers find using the combination of input , output and threshold to achieve a little different
drive
. another good reason for stepped gains .
the attack time has been slightly extended in both directions compared to a regular variable mu and divided into 11 steps . the recovery 5 position switch is exactly the same as a regular variable mu .
this mod adds two switches to the front panel , one for each channel , so that when engaged , the side chain will not respond to frequencies lower than 100hz . ( we standardly use 100hz as the - 3db point . other frequencies can be custom ordered . ) this hp sc mod can be used with music with heavy bass lines or bass - heavy mixes where you don ' t want the bass driving the whole action of the compressor .
backstory : the newer variable mu units use 5670 tubes instead of the 6386 . by now the availability of the original usa ge 6386 is poor ; we don ' t have any left at all , and what we do have are not usable due to noise , microphonics , bad side - to - side match , etc .
so does the 5670 sound different ? well , up to about 6db of limiting it ' s about the same . after that point , the 5670 version tends to sound more
squashed
than the original 6386 version . some like it better , some don ' t - depends on what you ' re trying to do .
we can add the t - bar mod to your variable mu unit for $ 500 net ( or $ 300 as a kit ) .
mid / side ( a . k . a . vertical / lateral , or sum / difference )
this modification opens the door to stereo encoding and decoding as well as exciting image enhancement processing capabilities . for instance , setting to compress only the in - phase information allows the augmentation of the stereo image as the out - of - phase content is left untouched . or , conversely , if you need a
more - mono
mix for broadcast , or vinyl - cutting for instance , you can set it to kill off more of the out - of - phase info which leaves more in - phase material in the final result . read more about the ms mod on page 12 of the owner ' s manual .
total mod cost for the m - s option is $ 800 net added to the base cost .
in order to add both m - s and the hp sc mods , we move the power switch to the rear panel and install both channels ' hp sc switch to the center hole where the power switch was . the m - s switches then flank this switch .
please use + for your country code . for example : + 33 1 55 55 55 55 , or + 1 909 627 - 4256
on january 30 , 1989 , a 20 year old eveanna on sabbatical from her studies at columbia university met the crew and was hired on to the production team . she quickly learned to solder and assemble vacuum tube amplifiers , and after training a new team of assemblers , eveanna worked her way into the quality control department .
during the late 1990s , several legendary products were introduced . these are our industry ' s modern classics .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
, that venerable sage remarked dryly , between sips of his even drier martini ,
it looks like a stingray .
now , because we build all of this pro recording equipment , i find myself in a lot of recording studios and mastering rooms , and , this being the music industry , most of it is pop or rock ' n ' roll music , so that becomes my reference . but you know what ? a lot of the evaluative listening process is a relative thing , whether you ' re involved with acoustic purist music or multitrack recordings—once you know anything rather well , relative listening comes into play . can you hear the detail of the beads on the shaker , the tone of the guitar , the decay of that hall , the solidity of the bass attack ?
hey , robert plant ' s voice was once an acoustic instrument , just the same as that trombone was . they were both floating through the air until some microphone picked up the sound to convert that air movement into some little volts to be made into some bigger volts to get moved through a bunch of gear onto a storage medium , which we can later buy and do the reverse to .
ideally suited to accept spades or bare wire , these old - fashioned - looking posts are positioned close enough to the back of the output transformers that using a pair of pliers is a tight squeeze . nor was i able to piggyback a second set of speaker cables with wbt expanding bananas for a biwire setup , as i had with the more versatile vertical binding posts of the mesa audio tigris and the e . a . r . v20 . my handy - dandy dynaclear postman ( with its ½
and 7 / 16
slots ) didn ' t work here , making it a bit clumsy to change cables . if i ' d had an adjustable wrench or a 3 / 8
nut driver , i ' d have been cool .
and so , in detail after detail of the stingray , form follows function . thus the decision to employ , for exceptional transparency , a passive preamp and high - quality passive noble volume and balance controls .
another way that the form followed function was having the power switch next to the iec connector . if i had run the power switch up at the front panel , then the mains would have had to flow right under the input circuitry . by keeping the power switch at the back , where it ' s easily accessible , wiring—and thus labor—are greatly simplified , and all the ac is kept furthest away from the sensitive input stages .
gives much of a clue as to the 175 monoblock ' s special pedigree . where are the bands , the fanfare ? ! after all , the rolling - out of a 6l6based high - power audiophile - grade tube amplifier definitely qualifies in my book as a momentous occasion . deplorably , such happenings are rare indeed ; the 6l6 has been unjustly neglected in high - end circles .
the 6l6 was the first - ever beam power tube to be designed , and a certifiable american classic . thousands upon thousands of guitar amplifiers , from fenders to mesa boogies , have used the 6l6 family of tubes over the years . this is no accident or fad , but the direct result of the 6l6 ' s essential musicality . understand that guitar amps are routinely driven hard , much of the time into clippingeven a moderate twang on an electric guitar string is almost sufficient to drive an amp into overload .
) why he thinks the 6l6 is so appealing for musical - instrument use . his answer , not surprisingly , related to the manner in which it clips . unlike an el34 , which clips with a blaze of raspy odd - order distortion products , the 6l6 yields a distortion spectrum rich in even - order harmonic productsa benign and musically attractive tinting of tonal color that gives a rounder , more liquid tone . a million guitar players can ' t be wrongthey ' ve esteemed the 6l6 as a sonic talisman because of its ability to perform passionately under pressure .
i believe that a domestic power amp , too , must be able to perform under pressure ; 100 - watters are often called upon to drive loudspeakers that barely scrape a sensitivity spec of 84db . an amp in such an application will red - line more often than you might think .
the input signal of the 175 is direct - coupled to the grids of a 12at7wa dual - triode , both halves of which are connected in parallel . following the input stage , the signal is rc - coupled to a 6350 dual - triode connected as a cathode - coupled phase splitter . note that the 6350 is the american military version of the 12bh7a , but with a different pin - out . be warned : there is no substitute .
the output stage is dominated by an octet of russian ( sovtek ) 5881 / 6l6wgc beam power tubes operating at a b + voltage of 525v . according to
, the
w
in the tube designation denotes highest mil - spec to russian protocols . these tubes are said to be rated by the factory at a maximum plate voltage of 600vconsiderably higher than the ratings of ordinary 6l6 types .
the power supply is of conventional design , using solid - state rectification and capacitor - based filter networks . the output transformer is factory - wired for a 5 ohm loada reasonable guesstimate for most dynamic speakers . but this prohibits the 175 from being used with loads that dip below 3 ohms in the bass . however , these type of
short - circuit ,
juice - hungry speaker loads aren ' t really tube territory anywaythey ' d force any tube amp into cardiac arrest .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
over 850 biographies of physicists and histories of institutions with information pertaining to their lives , careers , and research .
general electric company ' s research laboratory was founded in 1900 before being renamed the general electric research and development center in august 1965 when the research laboratory and advanced technology laboratory were merged . corporate interests include : broadcasting ; electric components ; household appliances ; lighting equipment ; motors ; telecommunications ; electromedical industry .
general electric company ' s advanced technology laboratory and research laboratory were merged to create the research and development center .
physico - chemist ; assistant director ; associate director ; director ; vice president and director of research ; consultant on x - rays ; and emeritus director .
dumond , jesse w . m . ( jesse william monroe ) , 1892 - 1976
research physicist ; assistant to the director of research ; and vice president and director of research .
selected records , including letters , reports , and notebooks by arthur holly compton , saul dushman , irving langmuir , frederic saunders , and willis r . whitney .
spencer weart research material for his book , nuclear fear : a history of images , 1957 - 1987 .
charles b . duke career highlights [ autobiographical materials ] , 1959 - 2006 .
mit office of the president records of karl taylor compton and james rhyne killian , 1930 - 1959 .
oral history interview with frederick seitz , 1981 january 26 , 27 , march 24 and 1982 march 16 .
oral history interview with h . m . mott - smith , 1977 march 1 and 2 .
oral history interview with h . r . crane , 1973 march 28 and 1974 june 18 .
oral history interview with john p . blewett , 1979 march 22 and may 11 .
oral history interview with john r . woodyard : cyclotron and klystron development : oral history transcript , 1974 october 18 and 1975 december 17 .
oral history interview with morrel h . cohen , 1981 march 31 and june 5 .
oral history interview with ralph alpher and second session is joint interview with robert herman , 1983 august 11 and 12 .
campus box 1061 , one brookings drive , st . louis , mo 63130 - 4899 , usa
stanford goldman response to early 1930s ph . d . s survey , 1980 .
the princeton years and beyond , 1930 - 1940 : invited paper for the march 1992 meeting of the american physical society , 1992 .
thomas o . paine papers , 1931 - 1992 ( bulk 1960 - 1982 ) .
u . s . atomic energy commission records ( record group 326 ) , 1923 - 1975 .
university of illinois at urbana - champaign department of physics betatron project records , 1941 - 1945 .
adventures in electricity . no . 4 prepared for general electric by general comics , inc .
adventures in electricity . no . 6 prepared for general electric by general comics , inc .
chart of the nuclides : [ with physical constants , conversion factors and periodic table ] .
nuclides and isotopes / revised 1989 by f . william walker , josef r . parrington , and frank feiner .
adventure into the unknown : the first fifty years of the general electric research laboratory .
from the archives of the hall of history : a catalogue of ge photographs , 1890 - 1940 .
image worlds : corporate identities at general electric , 1890 - 1930 / david e . nye .
innovation as a social process : elihu thomson and the rise of general electric , 1870 - 1900 / w . bernard carlson .
the making of american industrial research : science and business at ge and bell , 1876 - 1926 / leonard s . reich .
willis r . whitney , general electric , and the origins of u . s . industrial research / george wise .
the american institute of physics , a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) not - for - profit corporation , advances , promotes and serves the physical sciences for the benefit of humanity .
we are committed to the preservation of physics for future generations , the success of physics students both in the classroom and professionally , and the promotion of a more scientifically literate society .
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
kryn stankunas , * ching shang , * karen y . twu , shih - chu kao , nancy a . jenkins , neal g . copeland , mrinmoy sanyal , licia selleri , michael l . cleary , and ching - pin chang
from the division of cardiovascular medicine ( k . s . , c . s . , k . y . t . , s . - c . k . , c . - p . c . ) , department of medicine ; and department of pathology ( m . s . , m . l . c . ) , stanford university school of medicine , calif ; institute of molecular and cell biology ( n . a . j . , n . g . c . ) , singapore ; and department of cell and developmental biology ( l . s . ) , cornell university weill medical school , new york
correspondence to ching - pin chang , division of cardiovascular medicine , department of medicine , stanford university school of medicine , stanford , ca 94305 . e - mail ude . drofnats @ nipgnihc
targeted disruption of the pbx and meis1 genes and generation of the respective knockout mice have been described previously . 17 – 19 heterozygous knockout parental lines were backcrossed for at least 8 generations onto a c57bl / 6 genetic background before intercrossing to obtain homozygous or compound mutant embryos . phenotypes were generally analyzed in embryos ( embryonic day [ e ] 10 . 5 to 15 . 5 ) or neonates . gestational age was determined by the date of observing a vaginal plug ( set as e0 . 5 ) and by ultrasonography before harvesting embryos . 20 for embryonic / perinatal lethality determination , 4 to 5 littermate controls were observed per mutant mouse . for cardiac structure analysis , 1 to 2 littermate controls were analyzed per mutant mouse .
the chest wall of mice was opened under microscopic visualization . a 33 - gauge needle ( hamilton ) mounted on a 1 - ml tuberculin syringe was used to inject an acrylic resin ( batson no . 17 ) containing blue dye ( methyl methacrylate casting kit , polyscience inc ) into the right ventricle to perfuse the great arteries . mice were then held at 4°c for 2 to 6 hours to allow the resin to polymerize and cast the vasculature .
paraffin sections of mouse embryos were prepared as described previously . 21 , 22 consecutive sections through the chest ( 5 to 7 μ mol / l ) were collected , stained with hematoxylin / eosin , and analyzed by light microscopy .
suggesting that they may also be important for heart development . to investigate this hypothesis , we first examined the distribution of pbx proteins in tissues involved in heart development . in the heart , pbx1b , the predominant isoform of pbx1 during mouse embryogenesis ,
was present in both endocardial and myocardial cells of the oft at e9 . 5 (
) . cnccs migrate to the oft , form the aorticopulmonary septum , and contribute to oft septation .
similarly to pbx1 , pbx2 was broadly present at e9 . 5 in cells that included premigratory cnccs within the neural tube and branchial mesenchyme (
) . pbx3a was widely present at e9 . 5 , including in premigratory cnccs as well as all cell types of the heart . however , by e12 . 5 , pbx3a was downregulated in myocardial cells but remained present in endocardial cells and mesenchymal cells of the endocardial cushions (
) , distinguishing it from pbx1b and pbx2 . the widespread and overlapping presence of pbx proteins in embryonic sites of cardiac development prompted us to investigate heart development in mice lacking individual or multiple
pbx proteins are widely present in tissues relevant to heart development . a through c , immunohistochemical analysis of pbx proteins at e9 . 5 . pbx1b ( a ) is present in neural crest cells ( arrow ) , mesenchymal cells of the branchial arch region ( asterisk ) , endocardial cells ( arrowhead ) , and myocardial cells ( double arrows ) of the cardiac oft . pbx2 ( b ) and pbx3 ( c ) display similar expression patterns at e9 . 5 . d through f , presence of pbx proteins in the cardiac oft at e12 . 5 . pbx1b ( d ) is present in endocardial ( arrowhead ) and mesenchymal cells ( asterisk ) of the endocardial cushions of the oft . pbx1b is downregulated in myocardial cells ( double arrow ) at e12 . 5 . pbx1b is present in the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of the aorta ( ao ) and main pulmonary artery ( mpa ) . pbx2 ( e ) is present in endocardial ( arrowhead ) , myocardial ( double arrow ) , and mesenchymal cells ( asterisk ) of the oft . pbx2 is also present in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of the aorta and main pulmonary artery . pbx3a ( f ) is present in endocardial ( arrowhead ) and mesenchymal cells ( asterisk ) of the cushion but downregulated in myocardial cells ( double arrow ) . pbx3a is present in endothelial but not vascular smooth muscle cells of the great arteries .
) . the main pulmonary artery branched into left and right pulmonary arteries as in wild - type embryos . a large ventricular septal defect was present in
hearts ( data not shown ) . furthermore , a single heart valve was present at the base of the truncus (