british aluminium was an aluminium production company .

it was originally formed as the british aluminium company ltd on 7 may 1894 and was subsequently known as british alcan aluminium plc ( 1982-1996 ) .

british aluminium

1982 the canadian - owned alcan aluminium uk ltd acquired british aluminium co , the resultant new company being called british alcan ltd .
urltoken an explanation of the words aluminium and aluminum . aluminium or aluminum , aluminum vs aluminium , the difference between british english and american english , aluminum or aluminium , aluminium or aluminum
1955 british aluminium co acquired a majority interest in magnesium elektron [ 7 ] .
see more : 10 american words you’ll never hear a british person say watch : american vs . british words for clothes 10 british words that baffle americans
1978 reynolds sold its stake in british aluminium co and t . i . aluminium increased its holding to 58 % with 42 % being floated .
british aluminium limited . free business summary taken from official companies house information . free alerts . registered as 03981390
labels : aluminium , aluminum , american vs . british english , articles , blog , pronunciations , science , spelling
british aluminium llc is a family ran business that was established in 2012 , in the state of qatar , in response to market demands for high end european aluminium glazing products in the gulf region . british aluminium are now considered the best suppliers in qatar for high end products .
dear america : just because i ' m british does not me . . .
wwi . during the first world war bauxite rights were acquired in british guiana .
1894 company founded . the british aluminium co ltd was formed on 7 may , acquiring the british and colonial rights for the bayer and héroult patents for alumina extraction and aluminium reduction . the company was registered to acquire mines in the north of ireland , and certain patent rights connected with the manufacture of aluminium , with a freehold factory at foyers , near inverness . [ 1 ]
the ordinary general meeting of the british aluminium co . , ltd . , was held on march 30th , at winchester house , london , e . c .
what ? you mean that there was no british naval vessel called the h . m . s . aluminium , fighting off spanish and french privateers ? ; - )
sometimes , it ' s better hearing me in a british accent . click the red button below .
formerly transport officer of the british oxygen co . , ltd . , has been appointed transport director .
in addition to aluminium fire resistant systems we also manufacture other unique technologically advanced aluminium glazing products that can be used for superior sound & heat control .
following up a topical words piece on the international spelling of what british english writes as sulphur , many american subscribers wrote in to ask about another element with two spellings : aluminium .
1897 british aluminium co commenced production of carbon at greenock , inverclyde . rolling mills were situated at milton , stoke - on - trent , and warrington , cheshire , in england .
us aluminium giant alcoa is to buy british components maker firth rixson for $ 2 . 85bn ( £1 . 7bn ) from its private equity owners to beef up its aerospace operations .
this link between aluminium corporations , governments and war still rings true today . in alfeds parliamentary breakfast meeting march 23rd 2010 the aluminium federation ' s immediate past president henry dickinson describes orders for aluminium to use in the war in afghanistan :
cliff is right . i’ve read this elsewhere as well as his source . sir humphry named it “alumium” then “aluminum . ” it was other british that decided to go with “aluminium . ”
j a hopper alfed vice - president . gk systems limited / aluminium finishing association
1937 british industries fair advert for latest developments in aluminium . aluminium and its alloys in all standard forms . alloy forgings . castings and die castings . latest developments with aluminium , including
brytal
reflector process , anodic coatings , free - cutting alloy ba 35 , superpurity aluminium . ( engineering / metals / quarry , roads and mining / transport section - stand nos . d . 911 and d . 808 ) . [ 5 ]
although recycling aluminium is indeed 95 % more efficient than primary production it still takes the same amount of energy as producing new steel [ 31 ] major aluminium producer alcoa sources only 20 % of its aluminium from recycling . overall recycling rates are 33 % and , according to us aluminium association figures , going down [ 32 ] .
element atomic number 13 has the symbol al and either the name aluminum or aluminium .
aluminium is an ' energy bank ' . 75 % of all the aluminium ever produced is still in use today , having been through countless recycling loops of its lifecycle .
aluminium windows and doors have been in our family since late 1946 , when our late grandfather left the british army and started fabricating aluminium and glass in the united kingdom . our family has aged and been in the glazing industry for 3 generations , meaning we take great pride in our work .
aluminum and aluminium are two names for element 13 on the periodic table . in both cases , the element symbol is al , although americans and canadians spell and pronounce the name aluminum , while the british ( and most of the rest of the world ) use the spelling and pronunciation of aluminium .
british aluminum care about every pane of glass installed into our projects , and give all our clients the same premium service .
anglesey aluminium could not afford to buy power in the uk and reach a breakeven financial position . this is because the worldwide price of aluminium does not include a cost of carbon .
recycling aluminium requires only 5 % of the original energy required to produce the primary metal .
alfed website new aluminium federation president elected 14 december 2009 . accessed 16 / 04 / 10
the link between aluminium and arms is often hidden by aluminium companies . however an estimated 30 % of aluminium is used in the ' defence ' ( arms ) industry , making it a ' strategic metal ' which is stockpiled by most governments . dewey anderson , an ex - congressman published a little known 1951 text ' aluminium for defence and prosperity ' which describes the necessity of large amounts of aluminium for war and how ' more than any other industry , aluminium is dependent on government policies and government actions for more production and consumption ' . [ 20 ]
1926 the british and colonial bauxite co was formed and acquired extensive bauxite deposits in the gold coast , ghana , in 1928 .
by 1897 the plant was making one - tenth of the world ' s supply of aluminium .
over 50 % of aluminium is produced worldwide using clean , renewable , hydro - electric power .
alfed have been running a university competition aimed at student designers and engineers called ' the power of aluminium ' since 2008 , which offers a prize of £1500 for designs using aluminium . [ 25 ]
the current recycling rate for aluminium drinks cans in the uk is 52 % ( 2008 figure ) .
anderson , dewey ( 1951 ) aluminium for defence and prosperity . washington , us public affairs institute .
1958 british aluminium co ltd was taken over by the two companies , the us reynolds metals and t . i . aluminium . it had a semi - fabricating plant at falkirk [ 8 ] . the company lost its rights to the australian deposits through its failure to exploit them quickly enough , and its partnership with the australian firm comalajo .
' he is becoming a remarkable man of his times . he does so much . i ' m not surprised he continues to exceed most people ' s expectations of what is possible ' - john bridgeman , md of british alcan aluminium .
aluminium has high corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity . aluminium was a mainstream metal in every field either its industry or any other . it doesn’t matter to me how you spell it the advantage will be same .
alfed website , news parliamentary breakfast meeting . tuesday , 23 march 2010 . introduction by the aluminium federation immediate past president , mr henry dickinson , managing director , norton aluminium ltd accessed 17 / 05 / 10
alfed website , news parliamentary breakfast meeting . tuesday , 23 march 2010 . introduction by the aluminium federation immediate past president , mr henry dickinson , managing director , norton aluminium ltd accessed 17 / 05 / 10
during the first world war bauxite rights were acquired in british guiana . in 1926 the british and colonial bauxite co was formed and acquired extensive bauxite deposits in the gold coast , ghana in 1928 . during the second world war communications with the deposits in ghana were greatly improved . british aluminium co ltd commenced production of carbon at greenock , inverclyde , in 1897 , at kinlochleven , highland , from 1909 and later at lochaber , highland . rolling mills were situated at milton , cambridgeshire , and warrington , cheshire , in england . it acquired interests in the norwegian aluminium industry and opened a reduction factory at travancore , india in 1943 .
aluminum is the element name used in the united states . aluminium is the preferred spelling elsewhere in the world .
to date , the uk primary aluminium industry has reduced its emissions by 39 % , relative to 1990 levels .
2 . aluminum = the british pronunciation is a tongue twister . it comes easier after a few tries . but , then you’re in danger of forgetting how to say it in american - english . sounding it out may help , al - loo - min - ee - um … there’s a second “i” in the british form of the word , aluminium , hence the extra syllable . here’s a video to help out .
mr . j . r . park , director of research and development , has been appointed assistant managing director of the british oxygen co . , ltd .
1943 it acquired interests in the norwegian aluminium industry and opened a reduction factory at travancore , india , in 1943 .
the aluminium federation ( alfed ) is the uk trade association for the aluminium industry , based in west bromwich . it provides technical support and lobbying services in westminster and in brussels on behalf of members ranging from smelting companies , recycling companies and end of line products . [ 1 ] alfed also run the all - party parliamentary group for the uk aluminium industry , which they refer to as ' the aluminium federation ' s all - party parliamentary group ' [ 2 ]
once we work on a project , our british managed installation teams are often considered the most efficient and professional glass sub - contractor the clients have ever worked with .
alcoa’s profits have been hit by a combination of the high cost of producing aluminium and falling prices paid for the metal .
electricity consumption in primary aluminium smelters has been reduced by one - third since the 1950s and by 7 % since 1990 .
addressing a select gathering at his residence , h e jamie bowden , the british ambassador to oman , said , “i would like to thank the oman football association ( ofa ) , kickworldwide and three sohar - based companies - vale , orpic and sohar aluminium - for funding this unique project . the programme has already covered thousands of children over the past few weeks and i wish them success . the british embassy is delighted to be one of the sponsors .
the british aluminium co ltd was formed on 7 may 1894 , acquiring the british and colonial rights for the bayer and héroult patents for alumina extraction and aluminium reduction . until the end of the 19th century , aluminium was still regarded as a precious metal , due to the difficulties experienced in its extraction . this situation began to change with the discovery of two new processes : one for extracting alumina from the ore ( bauxite ) and the other for converting alumina into the metal aluminium by electrolysis . the extraction process was perfected by karl joseph bayer of austria between 1887 and 1892 , whilst the reduction process was discovered simultaneously by charles martin hall of oberlin , ohio , usa and paul l . t héroult of france , in 1886 . the immediate effect of this discovery was a fall in the price of aluminium to about a quarter of its previous price . within a few years the price had further fallen to about a twentieth of the original price .
british aluminum is qatar civil defense approved with all the supporting certificates to manufacture & install the aluprof range of fire resistant windows , doors , curtain walling and automatic doors .
if british scientist sir humphrey davy coined ' aluminum ' , why are the british giving american ' s shit for correctly pronouncing the word ? i get that us americans have an incredible amount of faults and wrongdoings but pronouncing this word is not one of them , with your discoverer of aluminum as our witness . a - lu - min - um
every kilogram of aluminium used in a car ' s manufacture saves 20 kilograms of co2 emissions over a vehicle ' s lifetime .
officials from jusoor , a corporate social responsibility organisation , formed jointly by vale , orpic and sohar aluminium , were also present .
the collection is extensive but fragmentary . it does not include the directors minutes of the principal companies nor comprehensive runs of production or financial records . however the collection does contain large quantities of correspondence files , reports , press cuttings , legal records , photographs and artefacts and a wide range of administrative and promotional records . as well as records of the principal companies ( british alcan and british aluminium co ltd ) the collection includes smaller quantities of records from the following subsidiaries and associates :
“we find it particularly shameful that a british company , bat , is so dominant in commonwealth countries like those in africa , where it has been exposed for its continued use of intimidatory tactics . ironically this is at the same time that the british government has committed £15 million in aid funding to help governments tackle the epidemic and drive down smoking rates . ”
1971 commissioned an aluminium smelter at invergordon , stimulated by government funding [ 12 ] . mid - summer : invergordon reached full production .
the british group plans to modernise the ageing steelworks , together with arrium’s mining and steel distribution businesses , after it collapsed last year following a downturn in steel and iron ore markets .
british american tobacco ( bat ) has come under fire from health campaigners after shareholders approved its buyout of american firm reynolds on wednesday , which will create the world’s biggest tobacco company .
though it is true that the industry has become more efficient , aluminium is still the most energy intensive metal to produce and overall emissions from the industry have increased dramatically and will continue to do so as demand for aluminium is predicted to double by 2020 . [ 12 ]
the legendary nm rothschild merchant bank created the basis of its fortune in a similarly opportunistic way , making itself indispensable to various european governments during the turmoil that culminated in the british victory at waterloo in 1815 . the bank ' s courier system gave nathan rothschild advance word of that victory , and he used the knowledge to make a huge profit in british government bonds . but he had already made far more from financing napoleon ' s return from exile . by the end of the century , rothschild was helping the british government to buy the suez canal .
“aluminium , for so we shall take the liberty of writing the word , in preference to aluminum , which has a less classical sound . ”
das , s . and padel , f . 2010 , ' out of this earth : east india adivasis and the aluminium cartel ' orient blackswan
in 1934 , sigmund warburg was one such newcomer , having escaped from nazi germany with just £5 , 000 . he set up his merchant bank after the second world war but was treated as an upstart until 1959 , when he outraged the city establishment by winning the battle for british aluminium on behalf of his us client , reynolds metal .
the british embassy in oman hosted a reception on saturday evening to celebrate the joint venture of the national football body and uk - based kickworldwide in launching a football development programme for schoolchildren in the sultanate .
the overall recycling rate for all aluminium packaging ( including drinks cans , foil , foil containers and aerosols ) is 36 % ( 2008 figure ) .
this figure does not take account of the increase in emissions from primary processing and smelting when substituting aluminium for steel in cars ( see above ) .
glasgow british alcan archive . howell , gerald ( 1983b ) letter to a . r woodward , g . w budd and l . p matthews . 10th may . ugd 347 21 / 26 / 14 .
british aluminium co or baco of adelaide house , king william street , london , ec4 . london warehouse : st . pancras road . also in : birmingham ; manchester ; leeds ; bristol ; newcastle - on - tyne ; glasgow . telephone : mansion house 5561 and 8074 ( 6 lines ) . telegraphic address :
cryolite , bilgate , london
. ( 1937 )
alfed is funded by member ' s subscriptions and commercial activities such as delivering training and support services for members and for the gulf aluminium council . [ 49 ]
until the end of the 19th century , aluminium was still regarded as a precious metal , due to the difficulties experienced in its extraction . this situation began to change with the discovery of two new processes : one for extracting alumina from the ore ( bauxite ) and the other for converting alumina into the metal aluminium by electrolysis .
on aluminium , i think it doesn’t matter . they’re so close that there’s easy mutual comprehension , and a little bit of variety is nice , isn’t it ? !
jon pither 2001 , president . also a former managing director of amari plc , and a former director of selection trust plc , and the london metal exchange . a council member of the confederation of british industry . [ 64 ]
email from decc to alfed ' aluminium target review meeting minutes , sept 23 2008 . ' decc , freedom of information response to miriam rose . 15 / 06 / 10
discussions are ongoing with the ec to confirm that aluminium is a sector at risk and that it will receive sufficient free - allowances to continue with production in europe . alfed will continue to work diligently to ensure that climate change legislation is fairly applied and does not create an environment whereby uk aluminium manufacturing is driven offshore by draconian carbon reduction targets .
approximately 30 % of aluminium is used for arms manufacture and defense [ 36 ] [ 37 ] . this fact is disguised in industry figures as ' transport ' or ' construction ' but is evident in aluminium ' s status as a ' strategic metal ' for the us and uk governments , which is stockpiled for military purposes [ 38 ] .
mr . h . h . cundell has been appointed sales manager of the british aluminium co . , ltd . mr . a . w . langham wm continue to be responsible for the sales planning department . mr . e . e . spitierr has been asipointed development manager in succession to mr . cundell , and mr . p . s . w . swarey succeeds mr . spillett as assistant development manager .
as skyy said ( which i didn ' t know until i read it ) : urltoken aluminum ( n . ) look up aluminum at urltoken 1812 , coined by english chemist sir humphry davy ( 1778 - 1829 ) , from alumina , name given 18c . to aluminum oxide , from latin alumen
alum
( see alum ) . davy originally called it alumium ( 1808 ) , then amended this to aluminum , which remains the u . s . word , but british editors in 1812 further amended it to aluminium , the modern preferred british form , to better harmonize with other metallic element names ( sodium , potassium , etc . ) .
the iupac has determined either spelling is correct and acceptable . however , the accepted spelling in north america is aluminum , while the accepted spelling just about everywhere else is aluminium .
effective lobbying led to business secretary peter mandelson calling rio tinto alcan ' s chairman to make an unsuccessful personal plea against the closure of the anglesey aluminium smelter . [ 10 ]
alfed share in the large scale greening campaigns of the international aluminium institute and the european aluminium institute . their website promotes a number of educational and information services to people outside the industry , including ' on - line education material for schools ' [ 29 ] . they are active in publishing and disseminating figures on the benefits of aluminium , especially in terms of its green credentials . these claims center on the issues of recyclability , energy savings from lighter aluminium cars and planes , it ' s use in ' eco building ' and the carbon efficiency of the refining and smelting processes due to technological advances and use of ' renewable energy ' for power . some of these claims are examined in more detail in this section :
alcoa , which is the largest aluminium maker in the us , said that it expected the acquisition to contribute $ 1 . 6bn in revenue and $ 350m in earnings during 2016 .
although baring is still very much in business , and although a member of the ruling family is currrently the chairman of british petroleum , that south american crisis began a long slow decline , and the company has never fully recovered its former prime status .
by the early 1950s the company was the uk market leader but was frustrated in finding export markets and new bauxite resources . between 1955 and 1957 the company acquired interests in major plants in canada and british guiana ( now guyana ) and in bauxite deposits in australia but finance problems left it vulnerable and in british aluminium co ltd 1958 was taken over by the two us aluminium companies reynolds and tialuminium . through its failure to exploit them quickly enough the company lost its rights to the australian deposits and its partnership with the australian firm comalajo . in 1961 construction of a new rolling mill was commenced at falkirk , leading to over capacity in the uk . in 1968 the company divested its interests in canada and decided to build a large smelter at invergordon , highland , a decision based on the promise of low - cost electricity from nuclear power . invergordon commenced production in 1971 .
switkes , g . 2005 . foiling the aluminium industry : a toolkit for communities , activists , consumers , and workers . international rivers , berkeley , ca . accessed 02 / 04 / 10
been president of the british engineers ' association , and chairman of the northwestern section of the institution of mechanical engineers , and of the liverpool and manchester branch of the institute of transport . he was deputy controller - general of machine tools in 1943 - 44 .
alfed are also lobbying the eu and ec on changes to the eu emissions trading scheme which will for the first time include primary and secondary aluminium smelters in its scope . their annual report states :
the racing yacht ranger , successfully defending the america ' s cup against a british challenger , is a radical departure from typical heavy - displacement yacht design . key to its speed is the world ' s first mast , boom , and spinnaker pole made entirely of alcoa aluminum .
in a parliamentary debate in february 2010 mp philip dunne , a member of the alfed ' s all - party parliamentary group for the uk aluminium industry , noted that ' the government tried to put in place a rescue package worth some £12 million a year for four years to subsidise energy costs ' at the now - closed anglesey aluminium smelter , claiming that this massive package had nonetheless failed . he quotes david bloor , managing director of anglesey aluminium who had ' explained to members at a presentation in december ' how carbon targets under the eu emissions trading scheme were driving the industry out of the uk ; [ 7 ]
7 . water = bbc america’s mind the gap polled our expat readers and a lot chimed in saying “water” is really hard for americans to understand when said in a british accent . they don’t even know why ! it comes across as “wah - ta” vs . our “wodder . ”
as well as recycling aluminium using the same energy as producing new steel , the primary smelting process is one of the most energy intensive and polluting industrial processes on earth , earning aluminium the title ' solid electricity ' in the industry [ 34 ] . an estimated 5 billion tonnes of bauxite have so far been mined from the earth , creating just less than a billion tonnes of aluminium . if we use al fed ' s figures that 75 % are still in use that suggests that around 200 , 000 , 000 , 000 tonnes ( 200 thousand million tonnes ) are currently in landfill and could theoretically be mined and recycled . [ 35 ]
though considerable technological advances have been made aluminium remains a much more carbon intensive metal than other metals , for example steel . aluminium production accounts for ca . 1 % of global greenhouse gas emissions , producing 13 . 1 tons of co2 equivalent per ton of aluminium [ 40 ] . technological advances have led to 20 - 25 % emissions savings in the smelting process in recent decades but overall emissions are increasing and there is no concrete intention to reduce them . in fact , alcoa predicts a 20 % increase of co2e emitted per year from ca . 335 million tonnes of co2e in 2000 to ca . 400 million tonnes in 2020 [ 41 ] .
the total output of aluminium during 1937 had constituted a record . the extensions to which he had referred a year ago had made good progress during the year ; so much so that he was pleased to be able to report that the first half of the additional aluminium producing plant at lochaber had been put into com - mission earlier this month , and the balance they hoped to have in production before the middle of the present year .
aluminum
would later be accepted as the official spelling by the american chemical society , and though the international union of pure and applied chemistry officially recognizes
aluminium
, its american counterpart is accepted as an alternative .
one such word is
aluminium
, the pronunciation of which has left a number of my american friends bewildered on the spot , since the standard american equivalent famously drops the final
i
to spell out
aluminum .
file photo : the gfg alliance flag flies at the completion of a 330 million pound deal to buy britain ' s last remaining aluminium smelter in fort william lochaber scotland , britain december 19 , 2016 . reuters / russell cheyne - rtx2vn2r
it all began , apparently , when an indecisive british chemist by the name of sir humphrey davy in fact coined the now archaic word
alumium
in 1808 . however , referring to the element in his 1812 book elements of chemical philosophy , he would use the word
aluminum
, much as americans do today .
1993 : chairman , 3i he is also a director of northern rock , taylor woodrow , and the northern development board . he is an honorary fellow of the royal institute of british architects , a fellow of the royal society of arts , a companion of the institute of management , and fellow of the institute of directors .
sir humphry made a bit of a mess of naming this new element , at first spelling it alumium ( this was in 1807 ) then changing it to aluminum , and finally settling on aluminium in 1812 . his classically educated scientific colleagues preferred aluminium right from the start , because it had more of a classical ring , and chimed harmoniously with many other elements whose names ended in –ium , like potassium , sodium , and magnesium , all of which had been named by davy .
sir humphry made a bit of a mess of naming this new element , at first spelling it alumium ( this was in 1807 ) then changing it to aluminum , and finally settling on aluminium in 1812 . his classically educated scientific colleagues preferred aluminium right from the start , because it had more of a classical ring , and chimed harmoniously with many other elements whose names ended in - ium , like potassium , sodium , and magnesium , all of which had been named by davy .
alfed have sponsored an exhibition called the ‘challenge of materials’ gallery at the science museum in london since 1997 , which contains information on aluminium supplied by alfed . in march 2009 alfed’s public affairs committee held a meeting there . in june alfed ' s chief executive will savage and public affairs exec discussed upping the aluminium based content in the birmingham science museum and millenium point , aiming to access ' families enjoying a day out together and school children studying science through the national curriculum ' . [ 24 ]
alfed has lobbied hard against the reduction of rebates from the climate change levy to energy intensive industries from 80 % to 65 % , which will come into effect in 2011 . they argue that the aluminium industry has already reduced emissions by 39 % since 1990 .
alfed and the european aluminium association held a joint exhibition from 10 - 14 november 2008 in the upper waiting hall of the house of commons . the guest of honour at its opening was minister of state for wales , the paul murphy mp . [ 27 ]
alfed also holds an annual parliamentary lunch which ' attracted a record attendance from members of both houses in may 2009 ' and was hosted by baroness gardner of parkes , vice chair of alfed ' s all - party parliamentary group for the uk aluminium industry . [ 28 ]
any time , molly . it ' s interesting : the more i look into certain american english words - such as
soccer
,
aluminum
,
candy
etc - the more words i find that originated in british english . i hope that by compiling a number of posts on the matter , i will be able to settle arguments rather more quickly . lol .
sir humphry davy proposed the name aluminum when referring to the element in his 1812 book elements of chemical philosophy , even though he had used the name alumium for the element ( 1808 ) . despite davy ' s two names , the official name
aluminium
was adopted to conform with the - ium names of most other elements . the 1828 webster ' s dictionary used the
aluminum
spelling , which it maintained in later editions . in 1925 , the american chemical society ( acs ) decided to go from aluminium back to the original aluminum , putting the united states in the
aluminum
group . in recent years , the iupac had identified
aluminium
as the proper spelling , but it didn ' t catch on in north america , since the acs used aluminum . the iupac periodic table presently lists both spellings and says both words are perfectly acceptable .
the aluminium industry has historically been linked to the hydro power industry due to the large , cheap and continuous supply of energy needed to refine and smelt aluminium . due to the low economic return per energy unit , smelting is increasingly geared towards countries developing with low energy and labour costs , and large and powerful rivers which are less politically sensitive to dam than in the western world [ 43 ] . hydro power , and particularly the mega hydro projects common for aluminium smelting , have considerable ecological consequences which are particularly well detailed in patrick mccully ' s book ' silenced rivers : the ecology and politics of large dams ' [ 44 ] these include greenhouse gas emissions from rotting organic matter in reservoirs which are in some cases much higher than for an equivalent gas fired power station [ 45 ] . these greenhouse gas emissions and other indirect emissions from hydro are not included in industry audits .
actually , neither version was often encountered early on : up to about 1855 it had only ever been made in pinhead quantities because it was so hard to extract from its ores ; a new french process that involved liquid sodium improved on that to the extent that emperor napoleon iii had some aluminium cutlery made for state banquets , but it still cost much more than gold . when the statue of eros in piccadilly circus in london was cast from aluminium in 1893 it was still an exotic and expensive choice . this changed only when a way of extracting the metal using cheap hydroelectricity was developed .
thanks for this article , it ' s cool to know the history behind this ! it reminds me of when i was doing my college study abroad in london ( londinium ) . i was at the library avoiding doing my actual homework . there was some computer game that tested you on the abbreviations for the elements . when i got up to al , it kept marking my answer aluminum as incorrect . after about 5 tries and a bit of swearing i finally looked the word up and realized that it is spelled aluminium in the uk ! ! ( red face ) which brings me to my question . as a brit in the usa , how do you feel about converting to our spellings ? obviously , not for this type of blog , but for general writing . i have two minds about this . on the one hand , it would seem a bit rude to tell a british person that they are spelling their words incorrectly when they are living in america . however , as in my anecdote above , i would definitely be compelled to convert my american spellings to british ones if i were back in blighty .
in london , nicandro durante , the bat chief executive , welcomed the “overwhelming support” for the acquisition from both sets of shareholders . he added : “we look forward to welcoming reynolds group employees to british american tobacco and to realising the benefits of operating these two great companies as one stronger , global tobacco and next generation products business with direct access for our products across the most attractive markets in the world . ”
the reason why there were two ways of saying the element aluminum / aluminium has always been one of the those things that made me go “hmmm” but by the same token , it’s also always been one of those things that never stuck around in my consciousness long enough for me to look it up .
the metal was named by the english chemist sir humphry davy ( who , you may recall , “abominated gravy , and lived in the odium of having discovered sodium” ) , even though he was unable to isolate it : that took another two decades’ work by others . he derived the name from the mineral called alumina , which itself had only been named in english by the chemist joseph black in 1790 . black took it from the french , who had based it on alum , a white mineral that had been used since ancient times for dyeing and tanning , among other things . chemically , this is potassium aluminium sulphate ( a name which gives me two further opportunities to parade my british spellings of chemical names ) .
british prescriptivists - that is , brits who do not welcome change to the language - would tell you that the u . s . respelling owes much to
american arrogance
; that it is just another example of
the yanks needlessly simplifying the language
. however , just a cursory amount of research into the matter will tell even the most ardent linguistic conservative that the matter is not quite that simple .
jaap krater and miriam rose , ' development of iceland’s geothermal energy potential for aluminium production– a critical analysis ' , in : abrahamsky , k . ( ed ) ( 2009 ) . sparking a world - wide energy revolution : social struggles in the transition to a post - petrol world . ak press , edinburgh .
this is not a pronunciation difference - it ' s a spelling difference . brits spell it aluminium and ( correctly ) pronounce it that way , whereas americans spell it aluminum and pronounce it ( also correctly ) the way they spellit . a pronunciation difference would be the way we pronounce , for instance , tomato - same spelling but different pronunciation
on february 2nd 2010 philip dunne and albert owen of alfed ' s all - party parliamentary group for the uk aluminium industry raised this issue in a house of commons debate ( see philip dunne for more ) . two days later an alfed delegation met the uk business , innovation and skills minister pat mcfadden to discuss this issue and others affecting the industry . [ 11 ]
another member of the alfed ' s all party parliamentary group albert owen has supported the heavy subsidisation of the price of electricity to the anglesey aluminium smelter , which was affected in january 2009 by eu legislation banning state subsidisation of private companies . he supported a £48 million package to save the smelter , which closed in sept 09 after the proposal was turned down . [ 9 ]
can you do a post on just what it makes british so haughty that they always assume that the variance in language is american laziness . i am an american living in london for 8 years now , and my children even get this crap from their teachers and peers at school . language is living , end of story . and as you point out , many of the variances in american english are actually more english than current english versions . so what the heck ? why so snobbish ? can you address that for me please ? i ' m very tired of it .
in 2000 the alfed submitted a joint proposal on the proposed climate change levy to the government with the chemical industries association , the british ceramics federation , the paper federation of great britain , the food & drink federation , and the non - ferrous alliance calling . the proposal suggested that energy intensive industries should be given some exemption and trusted instead to work together to
promote an energy - efficient culture
and learn from each other ' s best practice . [ 17 ] . their lobbying was successful and led to the 80 % rebate on the levy which they achieved .
today ignoramuses having been asleep at ' hell - eh - que - shion ' classes but trying to sound posh pronounce ' aluminium ' as al - you - minium . . . dead wrong from the brit and the american pronunciation ! the material that sir humphry davy found to contain the metal was a substance used in dyeing and as a styptic for wounds called alum - with the ' lum ' as in ' lump ' .
my son sent me the link to your post after i wrote a facebook post about the way the americans pronounce the word buoy as ' boo - ee ' not ' boy ' as we brits do . . . yet they say ' buoyant ' and ' buoyancy ' in the same way as us ! strange but true ! love the explanation about aluminium / aluminum . two nations divided by a common language - as churchill said .
i have heard this explanation or theory before , that in fact , some of the words we are accused of pronouncing incorrectly are indeed being said correctly by most americans and it was the british who changed the pronunciation somewhere down the line . nice to have someone pointing this out . just because we ' re different doesn ' t necessary mean we are wrong ! a great book on the history of the english language is called the story of english by urltoken interesting , i recently found a show by the same name . it talks a bit about how our accents have changed as well . urltoken
i ' ve come to this a bit late . . . sorry . . . my understanding is that ' ium ' is applied to some / all metals / elements ( where relevant ) in the periodic table , e . g . chromium , potassium , radium etc . not a very good explanation , but i ' m sure you get it . anyway , aluminium is one of these , therefore it is suffixed ' ium ' .
just as the author feels that aluminum sounds like star trek reference , i ( an american who has spent time in both the uk and australia ) , has always thought aluminium sounded like an ancient roman city , with brave aluminian warriors facing off against the spartans or the gauls . none the less , i love the differences in our common language , though i realize that at time it can be confusing , especially for non - native speakers .
1887 the extraction process was perfected by karl joseph bayer of austria between 1887 and 1892 , whilst the reduction process was discovered simultaneously by charles martin hall of oberlin , ohio , usa and paul louis toussaint héroult of france , in 1886 . the immediate effect of this discovery was a fall in the price of aluminium to about a quarter of its previous price . within a few years the price had further fallen to about a twentieth of the original price .
people always seem to seek out something to debate . i personally enjoy learning the differences in american and british english . this is especially true for colloquial conversation . i ' ll never forget being on an elevator ( lift ) in the west mids and being asked ,
that ' s your tea ?
i thought he was referring to my wine , and responded ,
no . wine .
he had , in fact , been referring to my pizza .
oh , so the pizza is just for show then .
i was mortified that i forgot tea was dinner . that will never happen again .
people will find anything they can debate and disagree on . i personally enjoy learning the difference between the american and british english dialects . this is especially true for colloquial conversation . i will never forget stepping on an elevator ( lift ) in the west mids , and being asked ,
that ' s your tea ?
i responded ,
no . wine ,
forgetting that tea was dinner and he was referring to my pizza .
oh , ha , the pizza is just for show then .
i was mortified then , but now i have a laugh every time i think about it . i enjoy our differences .
3 . privacy = in the u . k . it’s sort of like privy , as in “you’re not privy to this conversation . ” the word is pronounced priv - a - see , “priv” rhymes with the verb “live . ” 4 . schedule = this is a tricky one . somehow , in the u . k . , the word begins with a shh and the “c” disappears , here it is sounded out , shed - ual . in a study by the british library , interim results suggest a third of britons taking part now adopt the american - style “sked - ual . ” maybe they’re tired of getting “huh” looks ?
mr . r . w . cooper , m . c . ( the chairman ) , who presided , said that the profit for 1937 had amounted to £773 , 432 , which was an increase of £176 , 252 over the profit realised in 1936 . they had commenced the year with a satisfactory order book and the demand for their products was well maintained throughout the year , resulting in their having marketed a considerably increased tonnage of aluminium—in fact , the largest in the history of the company .
sorry but when the article states
that we came to the realization that the two pronunciations both meant the same thing : a non - soluble chemical element with the internationally recognized periodic symbol al
its wrong . the american spelling actually refers to a different type of metal which is either an alloy or compound of aluminium i cannot remember which . the americans may not mean to refer to this but they are . i do not wish to offend anyone with this comment so i apologize if i have caused offence .
it doesn ' t matter if the guy who came up with this word first spelled it as aluminum , it ' s etymologically wrong , the suffix
- ium
comes from latin and is the correct spelling for chemical elements . if grammatical mistakes can be considered correct just because prople started using it , then now i ' ll call aluminium
blosherk
and everyone will have to accept it . the body of my phone that i ' m using to write this , is made of blosherk by the way .
1895 the electrolytic process depended upon the availability of vast supplies of cheaply produced electricity , and the highlands of scotland offered potential for this , in the form of hydro - electric power . the first aluminium ingots were produced at foyers , highland , in 1895 , and the first hydro - electric powered smelter was opened at foyers , highland , in 1896 , followed by two further smelters at kinlochleven , highland , ( 1909 ) and lochaber , highland , ( 1929 ) , with subsidiary companies being formed for the development of each .
devising a new , inexpensive method for producing the metal in 1892 , american chemist charles martin hall opted to incorporate the
aluminum
variant - which had gained popularity following its inclusion in the 1828 webster ' s dictionary - on his advertising literature , despite having used
aluminium
on all of his patents . it could be argued , then , that
aluminum
in fact remained in the american vernacular quite by accident , if it is to be believed that the variant used in his advertising materials was nothing more than a typo .
1982 march : baco announced massive losses this month . baco 58 % owned by ti which also lost heavily overall in 1981 , crashed from a £12 . 1 million 1980 profit to a pre - tax loss of £22 . 3 million . however the invergordon closure turned baco into a net purchaser of aluminium even though it has two other uk smelters . the company continues to invest in downstream operations . the final stage of a £1 million programme at heavy duty alloy extrusions in workington saw a new furnace complex replacing three old others . [ 14 ]
it’s clear that the shift in the usa from –ium to –um took place progressively over a period starting in about 1895 , when the metal began to be widely available and the word started to be needed in popular writing . it is easy to imagine journalists turning for confirmation to webster’s dictionary , still the most influential work at that time , and adopting its spelling . the official change in the us to the –um spelling happened quite late : the american chemical society only adopted it in 1925 , though this was clearly in response to the popular shift that had already taken place . the international union of pure and applied chemistry ( iupac ) officially standardised on aluminium in 1990 , though this has done nothing , of course , to change the way people in the us spell it for day to day purposes .
it’s clear that the shift in the usa from - ium to - um took place progressively over a period starting in about 1895 , when the metal began to be widely available and the word started to be needed in popular writing . it is easy to imagine journalists turning for confirmation to webster’s dictionary , still the most influential work at that time , and adopting its spelling . the official change in the us to the - um spelling happened quite late : the american chemical society only adopted it in 1925 , though this was clearly in response to the popular shift that had already taken place . the international union of pure and applied chemistry ( iupac ) officially standardised on aluminium in 1990 , though this has done nothing , of course , to change the way people in the us spell it for day to day purposes .
still confused ? here ' s a little more about the history of aluminum ' s naming and discovery . guyton de morveau ( 1761 ) called alum , a base which had been known to the ancient greeks and romans , by the name alumine . in 1808 , humphry davy identified the existence of the metal in alum , which he at first named alumium and later aluminum . davy knew aluminum existed , but he didn ' t isolate the element . friedrich wöhler isolated aluminum in 1827 by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium . actually , though , the metal was produced two years earlier , though in impure form , by the danish physicist and chemist hans christian ørsted . depending on your source , the discovery of aluminum is credited to either ørsted or wöhler . the person who discovers an element gets the privilege of naming it , yet the identity of the discoverer is as disputed as the name !


tbc bank is a leading georgian universal bank headquartered in tbilisi , georgia .

the name , tbc bank , traces its root to its original name , tbilisi business centre , dating back to 1992 .

currently , tbc is registered as the official name of the bank , not just an abbreviation of the original name .

it is listed on the london stock exchange and is a constituent of the ftse 250 index .

tbc bank

tbc bank headquartered in tbilisi is the largest by assets universal commercial bank in georgia .
tbc bank contributed gel 5 million to
tbc foundation
to support victims of hostilities .
in may tbc bank co - founded the microfinance bank of georgia ( now procreditbank ) .
tbc bank , a leading bank in georgia , announces that it will complete the process of merging bank constanta with tbc by the end of january 2015 , after which all operations of bank constanta will be undertaken by tbc bank as the legal entity .
in february , the world bank provided a 1 million usd line of credit to tbc bank .
jsc tbc bank authorized and regulated by the national bank of georgia registered in georgia no . 204854595
tbc bank is the second georgian bank to list in london ; bank of georgia debuted on the main market in february 2012 .
tbc bank has appointed levan shanidze and avtandil gigineishvili as managing directors to co - head tbc capital , an investment banking arm of tbc bank offering corporate . . .
deutsche bank and commerzbank rewarded tbc bank for usd stp excellence , and for the first time , deutsche bank also recognized tbc for eur stp excellence , in 2012 .
tbc bank has started a spring campaign for its internet and mobile banking users . those who register for tbc bank ' s new internet and mobile bank . . .
we constantly improve capabilities of our internet bank and mobile bank and offer you innovative services . tbc bank ' s internet bank was named the best integrated . . .
2011 – the memorandum of acquisition of a controlling stake in bank constanta by tbc bank was signed .
tbc bank was named the leading partner bank in georgia in trade finance program by the asian development bank . the asian development bank ( adb ) announced the . . .
because of tbc bank ' s high quality currency transfers and the success it had achieved in the international trade finance sector , commerzebank also named tbc bank
the best bank
and awarded tbc bank with the
2010 usd stp excellence award
.
tbc bank was the first georgian bank to file the icaap report according to basel iii pillar ii requirements .
tbc bank successfully conducts an ipo , listing gdrs of the bank on the main market of the lse .
the merger with bank constanta is completed , giving tbc bank clear leadership in the rapidly growing microfinance segment .
tbc bank has successfully completed the merger with bank republic on may 8 , well ahead of the schedule .
on january 27 , 2015 , tbc bank updated its mobile bank application for its customers . from january 20 , tbc bank customers who use android mobile phones , are . . .
nikoloz kurdiani , ceo of bank constanta , will remain responsible for tbc bank ' s microfinance business as deputy ceo of tbc . the current supervisory board of bank constanta will be dissolved .
tbc bank was the first georgian bank to file an icaap report according to pillar ii or basel iii requirements .
tbc bank has formulated its strategy in view of social responsibility that is shared and accepted by the bank’s management .
in may , citi bank provided a 35 million usd unsecured loan to tbc bank . this was the largest line of credit ever provided by a foreign commercial bank to a georgian bank .
tbc leasing , a specialised leasing subsidiary of tbc bank established in 2003 , is a leading leasing company in georgia .
the banker magazine named tbc bank bank of the year in georgia 2014 during an annual awards ceremony in london on november 27 . this is the seventh time tbc bank has been . . .
deutsche bank named tbc bank
best bank
according to the quality of currency transfers and awarded it
the 2008 usd stp excellence award
certificate .
ebrd , fmo , jp morgan and ashmore became the shareholders of tbc bank .
high social responsibility is still one of the strategic directions of tbc bank , which over the years have become the determiners of tbc bank’s corporate credo and culture .
tbc plc is a public limited company registered in england and wales that was incorporated in february 2016 . tbc plc became the parent company of jsc tbc bank (
tbc bank
) on 10 august 2016 . tbc plc is listed on the london stock exchange under the symbol tbcg .
deutsche bank named tbc bank as
the best bank
according to high quality currency transfer and awarded it with the
2010 usd stp excellence award
.
in december , tbc bank began funding small and medium - sized businesses . the european bank for reconstruction and development ( ebrd ) provided its first line of credit to tbc bank at 3 million usd .
the banker , magazine of the financial times group named tbc bank
the best bank of the year in georgia
.
euromoney , global finance , and emea finance magazines named tbc bank as the
best bank in georgia , 2012
.
tbc bank presented its csr activities and projects to the general public and media representatives at the bank’s head office on monday .
in january , the international finance corporation ( ifc ) granted tbc bank a 4 million usd subordinated loan , making tbc bank the first georgian commercial bank to receive a subordinated loan from an international financial institution .
on july 29 , tbc bank opened its 6th regional branch in batumi , adjara .
tbc bank raised gel 135 million in new financing through various equity and debt transactions .
stock | tbc bank jsc ( spons . gdr ) stock price today | markets insider
tbc bank ' s and kolga tbilisi photo ' s joint photo competition started . it has been a second year that tbc bank offers you the competition unforgettable . . .
tbc bank purchased 80 percent of the assets of bank constanta , one of the successful financial institutions operating in micro - finance .
tbc invest ' s mission is to provide information and access to the georgian banking system for israeli clients through tbc bank , the leading innovator and most progressive bank in georgia .
tbc bank joined the world ' s leading companies listed on london stock exchange – one of the largest stocks exchanges in the world . tbc bank ' s initial . . .
international rating agency fitch ratings confirmed the rating tbc bank was awarded in 2009 and once again gave tbc bank b + rating , the projection positive . additionally , fitch ratings emphasized and positively evaluated tbc bank ' s high capitalization , level of liquidity , and profitability .
since january , the company tbc leasing , founded by tbc bank , entered the georgian market . after a year , tbc leasing achieved a substantial position on the georgian leasing market .
tbc bank is the second georgian bank to list in london ; bank of georgia debuted on the london stock exchange in 2006 and later on the main market in february 2012 .
tbc ' s financial performance from the 1st quarter of 2002 established the bank as the largest bank in georgia . at this stage , tbc bank became the leading bank in terms of assets , as well as liabilities , credit portfolio and some other major financial indicators .
tbc bank maintained its leadership in retail deposits with a 36 . 0 % market share .
tbc bank launches the sme business support programme , with support from the ifc and adb .
pay with tbc bank plastic cards in rompetrol gas stations and get 2 % . . .
on december 31st , the first round of the visa card festival took place . winners of tbc bank ' s card festival were revealed . tbc bank ' s customer . . .
tbc bank financed the tuition costs of the best students from zemo abkhazia and tskhinvali regions .
tbc bank launched the sme business support program with support from the international financial corporation ( ifc ) and asian development bank ( adb ) . tbc bank is the first and only bank in the caucasian region to provide non - financial services of this kind to its customers .
bank constanta , 100 % owned by tbc bank , is the leading financial institution on the microfinance market , and will continue its operations through january . the merger will take place in january , after which , bank constanta and tbc bank will operate as one legal entity .
tbc bank , a leading bank in the republic of georgia , has been recognized by global finance magazine as the best consumer and corporate internet bank in georgia in 2014 . . .
today , january 26 , tbc bank revealed lucky card draw winners . along with tech prizes , tbc bank offered 2 superprizes - euro tour . we congratulate the winners and . . .
tbc bank was awarded the title of best trade finance bank in georgia in 2015 by global finance magazine . this is the first such award for the bank . according to . . .
tbc bank launched its customer loyalty program smartclub – the first of its kind on the local market . due to this initiative with each and every transaction tbc bank ' s devoted clients receive bonuses – smart points - which they can exchange for gifts at tbc bank ' s partner shops .
tbc bank was named
best foreign exchange provider in georgia 2013
by global finance magazine .
tbc bank group plc shares is included as a constituent in the ftse250 index from 19 june .
tbc bank gp share price ( tbcg ) - buy tbc bank gp shares ( tbcg . l , lon : tbcg ) - tbcg share price today - buy tbcg shares now - historical prices
on march 6 in the head office of tbc bank the winners of online olympiad - urltoken ' s fall season were awarded . the major sponsor of the project tbc bank gave . . .
on february 17th tbc bank , with the support of the ministry of energy of georgia , organized a conference on energy . the conference took place in tbc bank ' s conference . . .
tbc bank has started an unprecedented consumer loan campaign . from now on tbc bank consumers can use the cheapest , most suitable and comfortable loan with only a 13 . 95 % . . .
below is provided information on some major projects implemented by tbc bank over the past few years .
in april , american magazine global finance , in its regular bank rating
the best banks of developing markets of the world
rated tbc bank as
the best bank in georgia
.
tbc bank was successfully listed on the london stock exchange in june 2014 and has since performed strongly . the ebrd’s partial sale reflects this as well as the continuing commitment to tbc bank’s further development .
fmo , the dutch development bank , has provided a eur 35 million subordinated loan facility to tbc bank in georgia , together with cordiant , a canadian investor , and swedfund , the swedish development bank . this is a new facility in a long - standing relationship between fmo and tbc bank .
the uk - based publication euromoney , one of the largest financial magazines in europe , named tbc bank as
the best bank in georgia
.
societe generale has sold today its entire 5 . 3 % equity stake in tbc bank group plc .
on february 2 , deg provided its second line of credit for 2 million euro to tbc bank .
in february deg allocated a 10 million usd subordinated loan to invest in the equity of tbc bank .
trade and forfaiting review , a prestigious finance magazine named one of tbc bank ' s transactions as
the best deal of 2014
in the world . tbc bank ' s winning transaction . . .
attend fifa world cup at legendary maracana stadium in rio de janeiro ! pay for your purchases with tbc bank ' s visa card in tbc bank ' s pos terminals and win tour to . . .
bank constanta ' s existing branches will continue to operate and will be rebranded as tbc bank constanta outlets , using tbc ' s brand identity and logo . in addition to their existing range of products and services , the branches will now offer other tbc products .
on may 1 , tbc bank and ifc reached an agreement on the implementation of a technical assistance project . the goal of the project was to strengthen the position of tbc bank in the retail sales segment .
tbc bank celebrated its 20th anniversary . founded in 1992 with an initial capital of usd 500 , today tbc bank is a leading georgian universal bank , serving up to 1 , 000 , 000 customers in its four business segments : corporate , retail , sme and micro ( through its subsidiary bank constanta ) .
tbc bank was awarded
best consumer internet bank in georgia
by global finance magazine and was the first bank in the caucasus to win a regional award for the
best integrated consumer bank site in central and eastern europe
by the same publication .
tbc also offers partnership - oriented social projects for professional development , giving employees the chance to study abroad at the tbc academy - ‘tbc employees for tbc employees , ’ as well as assistance for large families and more .
bank constanta has operated as a commercial bank since 2008 . its strategic are of operations is providing financial services to micro and small enterprises . tbc bank became the owner of bank constanta in 2011 . since then , tbc bank has invested almost gel 226 million in the development of bank constanta . as a result of this investment , the bank’s total portfolio increased by 400 % . this enabled bank constanta customers from other cities and regions to receive the necessary financial support for the development of their micro or small businesses .
in december the international organization business initiative directions granted tbc bank a gold star – an international quality award .
tbc bank was granted the international certificate of quality management systems iso 9001 : 2008 for the second time .
tbc bank moves to the lse ' s premium segment via listing the shares of tbc plc and acquires 100 % of bank republic , making it georgia ' s number one banking group according to most key metrics .
on september 26 , tbc bank and the european bank for reconstruction and development ( ebrd ) signed an 10 million usd agreement for financing small and medium business .
on 13 may 2011 , another important investment was made into bank constanta’s share capital , with tbc bank becoming a majority shareholder of the bank . as a result , bank constanta acquired a strong partner who will help the bank reinforce its positions on the microfinance market and implement new and increasingly ambitious plans in the sector .
on august 17 , ebrd increased tbc bank ' s letter of credit support project by usd 2 million and became a guarantor of the bank for first class banks .
for the fourth consecutive year , tbc bank has been actively supporting world saving day . a cash centre of national bank of georgia hosted an event dedicated . . .
dear valued customers , we are happy to annouce that merger of bank constanta with tbc bank is succesfully in progress and all of our services are already . . .
on august 28 , the international rating agency fitch ratings revised its outlook on tbc bank from stable to positive .
despite the crisis , during the year tbc bank was able to raise 161 million usd from international finance institutions .
moody ' s investors service ( moody ' s ) has announced today that it has upgraded the credit rating of jsc tbc bank (
tbc bank
) , subsidiary of tbc bank group plc . the bank ' s local - currency deposit rating has been increased to ba2 from ba3 and its foreign - currency deposit rating to ba3 from b1 . the ratings continue to carry a stable outlook .
tbc bank will create new services in order to support micro and agribusiness . for this purpose the bank will cooperate with local as well as international experts of . . .
dear valued customers , please , be kindly informed that due to the merger of bank constanta and tbc bank the following service channels will not be available from . . .
tbc bank named best private bank in georgia in 2014 by the banker and professional wealth management ( pwm ) magazines . the banker and pwm extend the prestigious . . .
one of the major priorities of tbc bank charity activities is the restoration of historical monuments . in 2006 - 2008 , the bank has funded very important projects , including :
in may , the international agency moody ' s investors services gave tbc bank the following ratings for 2007 : appraisal – stable ; bank deposits in foreign currency – b3 / np ; bank deposits in national currency – ba1 / np ; bank ' s financial stability – d - .
in 2008 , tbc bank opened 23 new branches , 3 service centers and installed 80 new atms throughout the country .
• tbc bank is committed to supporting national and cultural values and with this making an additional contribution to social development .
in september , in the annual bank rating the financial times group named tbc bank one of the world ' s
best banks of the year
for the fourth time .
march 5 , 2015 tbc bank , entrepreneurship development agency ( enterprise georgia ) and ifc , a member of the world bank group , today signed a memorandum of . . .
tbc bank has always been distinguished for its high social responsibility and active participation in various charity , patronage and social projects over the many years of its operation . this direction is one of the determiners of tbc bank’s social image and reputation .
the ebrd has today reduced its stake in tbc bank group plc , georgia ’s largest bank , through a sale of 1 . 9 million or 30 per cent of its shares .
tbc bank is the second largest universal bank in georgia , with leasing and microfinance subsidiaries and a small subsidiary in azerbaijan . it is the largest bank in terms of total retail deposits and the second largest in terms of total loans in georgia . the bank has a strong and growing position serving micro , small and medium enterprises ( msmes ) . “this facility will further strengthen tbc bank’s tier two capital and help to enhance its position by expanding the fastest growing msme portfolio throughout the entire country , ” commented vakhtang butskhrikidze , tbc bank ceo .
he cites the key factors for attracting investors to tbc bank as a strong track record of growth and profitability , a focused strategy , and best - in - class multi - channel distribution and customer experience . in addition , tbc bank recently acquired third - placed player bank republic , to become the largest bank in the georgian market in all its key segments .
on june 13 , tbc bank was named as the best georgian company of 2001 at 2001 georgian business rating ceremony . whereas tbc bank ' s general director , mr . vakhtang butskhrikidze , was presented the best georgian businessman of 2001 award . it is also noteworthy that apart from the main award , tbc bank was presented special category award for the most effective management .
on december 5 , tbc bank and ifc signed an agreement on risk insurance worth eur 2 million and usd 3 million .
on 11 . 12 . 2015 tbc bank has announced 10 winners of the second stage of internet and mobile banking raffle .
tbc bank would like to inform you that gudauri branch is a seasonal branch and only works from december through . . .
the breakthrough design for the bank minimises physical and psychological barriers between the bank and its customers , thus creating a unique , customer - centric layout . the new concept was developed specifically for tbc bank as a result of a comprehensive tailored study of the bank’s existing branches and its clients’ needs and aspirations .
following the merger , the constanta brand will gradually be replaced by the tbc brand . the name , colors and logo of constanta will be changed . bank constanta branches will continue to work under the name tbc bank - constanta . consumers will still be able to use constanta products . however , the variety of products available will be increased via particular offers from tbc bank .
vtb bank is active in sports direction . vtb bank supports children’s rugby team
chokhosnebi
. besides this , georgian fencers participates in world cup with the support of vtb bank .
tbc bank and the asian development bank ( adb ) signed a 50 million usd senior loan agreement today . the 5 - year facility will be dedicated to extending credit to . . .
the graphic shows percentage of csr media news among banks during 2016 year . tbc bank leads the list . 51 % of corporate social responsibility ( csr ) news is about this bank .
having corporate social responsibility among its top priorities , tbc bank claims to share the same practice as barclays , hsbc , deutsche bank and others with regards to its csr investment and policy .
on july 27 , ifc allocated a 3 million usd line of credit line tbc leasing , an institution founded by tbc bank . this was the first ifc investment in the georgian leasing sector .
11 . 12 . 2014 – tbc bank / bank constanta merger process has begun . the merger will be legally registered in january of 2015 . this decision was made at the tbc bank shareholders’ general meeting because of the new challenges that exist on the microfinance market and the high potential for growth in this business .
tbc bank will acquire the shares in jsc tbc leasing currently held by the ebrd , representing 9 . 94 % of the total capital . tbc bank holds 89 . 52 % , while 0 . 54 % is owned by thea lortkipanidze , former director of the company as a result of the long term incentive scheme .
in march , the american magazine global finance named tbc bank one of the best banks worldwide operating on the foreign exchange market .
in july ebrd provided tbc bank with a credit line worth 15 million usd , which was intended for mortgage lending in georgia .
tbc bank introduced innovative branding and marketing initiatives , including the
three musketeers
campaign and the
sensory
marketing project .
tbc bank also acquires 100 % of kopenbur , an insurance company that specialises in retail products , to boost its consumer offering .
in 2006 , tbc bank financed mammogram check - ups for 1 , 000 women patients . the institute of medical radiology ( headed by pridon todua , academician ) and tbc bank delivered free mammogram and ultrasonic examinations to 1 , 000 women with breast problems .
on september 3 , tbc bank was nominated among the world ' s
best banks of the year
by the annual bank rating of the financial times group ' s magazine the banker .
tbc bank has been named the best bank in georgia 2016 by global finance magazine in the publication ' s exclusive survey , the world ' s best emerging markets banks 2016 . . . .
tbc bank has been named the best bank in georgia 2015 by global finance magazine in the publication ' s exclusive survey , the world ' s best emerging markets banks 2015 . . . .
the financial - - after successfully listing its shares on the premium segment of the london stock exchange , tbc bank is now aiming to become a constituent of the ftse 250 , giorgi shagidze , deputy ceo and chief financial officer of tbc bank told the financial .
tbc bank is one of georgia ' s leading banks with the largest asset base of us $ 135 million . tbc is a universal bank providing a variety of banking products and services to its customers , including financing of smes , in which tbc is a leader among georgian banks , covering lending to 40 % of georgian smes .
tbc bank ' s new internet banking platform was recognized with two global awards by the global finance magazine : best bill payment & presentment in the world and best integrated internet bank site in the world . these were the first worldwide recognition for any georgian bank .
in march , the american magazine global finance named tbc bank in its rating of
the best banks of emerging markets of the world
and called it
the best bank in georgia
.
up to 100 investors from around the globe have purchased shares in tbc bank since it launched on the london stock exchange this morning .
the ebrd acquired shares in tbc bank in 2009 as part of a larger funding package and in 2012 , together with other international financial institutions as shareholders , participated in a rights issue . tbc bank was successfully listed on the london stock exchange on 11 june 2014 .
on may 23 , the south - east european development fund became a shareholder of jsc tbc bank , with 25 % equity participation .
in march tbc bank was awarded the most authoritative quality standard in the world – certificate of conformity with requirements iso 9001 : 2000 .
in autumn , tbc bank expanded its presence in the region by successfully acquiring 75 % of shares of azerbaijan ' s soa credit .
it is the fifth year since tbc bank started providing financial support for the foundation first step which helps children with disabilities in georgia .
two years ago tbc bank made the decision to finance the tuition charges of the ten best students from zemo abkhazia and tskhinvali regions .
societe generale initially acquired this minority stake in october 2016 as part of the sale of its georgian subsidiary bank republic to tbc bank group plc . the settlement and delivery of the shares shall take place on 30th june 2017 . after the completion of the transaction , societe generale will cease to be a shareholder in tbc bank group plc .
we ' re delighted to welcome tbc bank to our markets today . tbc bank ' s listing also clearly shows that georgian companies can attract the world ' s largest investors and international visibility without compromising their ability to develop a domestic shareholder base ,
rolet said .
the microfinance segment is a key strategic priority for tbc bank . we are already seeing strong results from our expansion in microfinance and intend to further strengthen our position as the clear leader in this segment
commented vakhtang butskhrikidze , tbc bank ' s chief executive officer .
in 2005 , tbc bank became one of the donors and supporters of the house for children with psychological problems . the bank has allocated a monthly grant to help the beneficiaries of the green house service .
tbc bank will invest few hundred thousand usd in the project . besides , in the frame of 5 years partnership , tbc will promote improving the services and infrastructure , which means offering flexible services to customers .
in september , the thompson financial bankwatch awarded tbc bank an international rating , making it the first georgian company to obtain an international rating .
on june 13 , the georgian times publishing company and gorbi marketing research company named tbc bank
the best georgian company of 2001
.
tbc bank raised usd 50 million from adb meant exclusively for rural sme financing . this was the first such partnership between the two institutions .
urltoken unique countrywide project for students ! tbc bank and the educational innovations company have presented an educational project – an online school . . .
the financial - - “tbc bank is committed to supporting national and cultural values and with this making an additional contribution to social development . ”
• tbc bank is a leader company in the region . it is distinguished for its customer service , innovativeness and commitment to constant development .
tbc leasing will hold a presentation of the new product at tbc gallery ( mardjanishvili street n7 , 4th floor ) at 12 o’clock on june 6 .
tbc bank welcomed the investment by ebrd in tbc leasing ' s capital in 2006 as a contribution to the growth of the company and has valued its support as a development finance institution over the 8 years since 2006 .
in october , the american magazine global finance for the fourth time named tbc bank one of the best banks worldwide operating on foreign exchange market .
in february tbc bank bought 20 % of shares of one of the leading educational institutions in georgia , the european school of management in tbilisi .
2015 - 12 _ efse _ and _ tbc _ bank _ enter _ partnership _ to _ support _ mses _ in _ georgia . pdf
the new design reflects tbc bank’s welcoming , user - friendly and transparent approach to banking . the redesigned branches leverage the bank’s strength in multi - channel banking and feature cutting - edge e - banking tools and technology .
tbc bank maintained its market leadership in retail deposits for the seventh consecutive years , with 33 . 1 % market share as at 31 december 2013 .
tbc bank was founded in 1992 . its shareholders include two local founders mamuka khazaradze and badri japaridze ( jointly 25 . 95 % ) and a strong group of ifis : ebrd ( 20 . 2 % ) , ifc ( 20 . 2 % ) , deg ( 11 . 5 % ) and fmo ( 5 . 4 % ) . tbc bank entered the microfinance segment in may 2011 with the acquisition of bank constanta in georgia . tbc bank holds a bb - and a b1 rating from fitch and moody’s respectively .
tbc bank operates a network of over 13 branches and employs nearly 2 , 700 people . bank ' s shareholders are international financial institutions such as : ifc , deg , ebrd , fmo , jp morgan , u . k . investment emerging markets manager and georgian individuals . tbc bank ' s outstanding performance indicators reflect superior growth in the bank ' s franchise , strong increase in business lending and retail funding , the bank ' s good risk management track record , improving operating environment and well - diversified funding base .
tbc bank via its foundation the tbc fund is dedicated to contributing to the overall well - being of people throughout georgia . the tbc fund was established in 2008 to help preserve georgian history and natural heritage , promote national values , create opportunities in arts and culture , and foster a brighter future for georgian refugees .
xavier rolet , ceo of london stock exchange group believed tbc bank’s listing demonstrated london ' s ability to finance ambitious , growing companies from around the world .
tbc bank announces competition for jazz bands . both young and experienced jazzmen are welcome to participate . winner band will be revealed by competent jury . . .
tbc bank is the most interesting and diverse . among the news broadcasted in media
city - library
- free electronic libraries at 300 places of tbilisi , project
write in georgian
and
pirosmani renovation
projects are worth mentioning . all of them were implemented with financial support of tbc bank .
“we’re delighted to welcome tbc bank to our markets today . its listing demonstrates once again london’s ability to finance ambitious , growing companies from around the world . tbc bank’s listing also clearly shows that georgian companies can attract the world’s largest investors and international visibility without compromising their ability to develop a domestic shareholder base . ”
q . one of the reasons cited for the recent fluctuation of the currency has been the purchase of bank republic by tbc bank . would you agree with the opinion and what other impacts will this deal have on georgian banking sector ?
mike taylor , ebrd director , head of financial institutions in the south and eastern mediterranean and caucasus , said : “tbc bank is a success story and the ebrd is proud to be a part of it . the bank’s strong progress allows us now to reduce our role . however , we retain a stake which not only expresses our ongoing commitment to the bank , but will also allow us to continue to be actively involved in its further development . supporting tbc bank to realise its potential will boost the georgian economy and benefit the bank’s customers . ”
in february , the international finance corporation ( ifc ) provided a usd 3 million line of credit to tbc bank for financing small and medium - sized enterprises .
the proposed new sme credit line is aimed to enable tbc bank to increase its medium - term lending to the small and medium sized enterprise sector in georgia .
in connection with georgian lari devaluation , tbc bank has done systematic analyses of risk and enforced new procedures of loan approval . each customer ' s . . .
on january 20 , tbc bank has revealed winners of money transfers . 5000 gel have won : zviad adeishvili svetlana melnichuk zaza davitadze lali shalikiani sophiko . . .
during 2006 - 2008 , tbc bank head office has hosted more than 300 cultural events attended by thousands of people and contributing to the popularization of georgian art .
mr . shagidze became deputy ceo and chief financial officer of jsc tbc bank and was appointed to the bank management board in 2010 . from 2011 until its merger with jsc tbc bank in 2015 , he served as a member of the supervisory board of bank constanta . giorgi also is a board member of the georgian stock exchange . prior to joining jsc tbc bank , giorgi acted as a global operations executive for barclays bank plc between 2008 and 2010 . in his earlier career , giorgi worked at the agro industrial bank of georgia at various positions including as the head of the credit investment department and head of international payments between 1996 and 2001 . between 2001 and 2005 , he worked at tbiluniversalbank , where he held the positions of ceo , deputy ceo , and head of it and branch manager . in 2005 , he became director of the distribution channels division at bank of georgia before becoming deputy ceo of peoples bank of georgia in 2005 .
2008 – constanta received the license from the national bank of georgia ( nbg ) to conduct commercial banking operations under the brand new name jsc constanta bank .
on august 13 , tbc bank established a charitable organization
tbc foundation
with an initial donation of gel 5 million in order to support victims of the 2008 armed conflict . this was the largest social investment by a georgian company to date .
in the years of 2006 and 2007 , tbc bank was funding the canteen in vazisubani district where socially vulnerable pensioners were offered free meals . the bank was allocating monthly grants for operating the canteen where hundreds of vulnerable pensioners were served dinners .
pm garibahsvili welcomed tbc bank’s initial public offering and said :
the success of the transaction repeatedly proves investors are convinced that georgia is a stable and predictable market” .
on may 26 , international finance corporation ( ifc ) and german investment and development company ( deg ) became the shareholders of tbc bank , with 10 % each .
according to an announcement from the publications , 130 submissions from 63 countries were considered for the awards by 15 private banking industry experts . tbc bank was . . .
the project started in february 2006 . the student whose bachelor’s course would be funded by tbc bank was selected on the basis of an interview and contest in september .
over the year , tbc bank attracted foreign investment totaling to usd 206 million from foreign markets , including the following international financial institutions : deg , fmo , merrill lynch , rosemount , otp , banco internacional , ebrd , opic , citi bank .
q . tbc bank is a growing financial institution . by acquiring bank republic , you have become the market leader in the georgian market . you have also recently made an acquisition in the insurance sector . are these developments connected to premium listing ?
in june , coopers & lybrand conducted the first international audit of the bank .
tbc leasing represents 1 . 29 % of total consolidated assets of tbc bank as at q3 2014 . tbc bank does not believe that the financial impact of the transaction is significant : tbc group total equity will decrease by gel 707 thousand , mainly due to the decrease in minority interest ( gel 665 thousand ) , retained earnings will decrease by gel 115 thousand and profit attributable to tbc shareholders will increase by gel 73 thousand , resulting in a small positive effect on roe . the increased investment amount will be deducted from tier 1 capital , reducing the capital adequacy ratio by approximately 0 . 002 % .
tbc bank acquired 80 % of bank constanta in 2011 and became 100 % owner in 2014 . tbc believes that the microfinance segment in georgia is under - penetrated and has the potential for significant growth . the bank aims to attract an important new client base in the short term , both in terms of deposits and micro lending , as reflected in the increase in microbanking loans and deposits in the third quarter of 2014 .
the black sea trade and development bank ( bstdb ) will increase the availability of financing to private businesses in georgia with a usd 4 million facility to jcb tbc leasing .
a press conference dedicated to the 9th annual black sea jazz festival was held today at tbc bank . during the conference , the batumi jazz festival program was . . .
tbc bank announced the start of the literary competition saba . writers , translators and publishers can already submit their works to the competition . for this they have . . .
tbc bank , the largest bank in georgia by retail deposits , raised $ 239 million usd ( 400 million gel ) at its initial public offering ( ipo ) , giving it a market value of $ 640 million ( 1 . 13 billion gel ) .
on february 26 , tbc bank opened its new tbilisi head office in a unique historical building constructed at the beginning of the 20th century . the bank spent usd 6 million on renovating the new hq that is listed among the city ' s architectural monuments .
a senior loan of up to usd 3 million and investment to acquire tbc leasing shares .
on may 8 , tbc bank co - founded the georgian pension and insurance holding ( gpi holding ) , the first insurance company in georgia to offer its clients pension insurance .
in november , the netherlands development financial company ( fmo ) and tbc bank reached the agreement on allocation of a line of credit worth usd 10 million for 5 years term .
international ranking agency moody ' s upgraded tbc bank ' s long term deposit in foreign currency rating by two notches from b3 to b1 and assigned a
stable
outlook .
“with its excellent outreach to the efse’s final target group of mses , tbc bank ideally complements our network of partner lending institutions , ” says monika beck , chairperson of the board of efse . “we are confident , that tbc bank , especially with its strong rural presence , will make an important contribution to providing additional financing to mses in georgia . ”
london stock exchange today welcomes tbc bank to the main market following its listing of global depositary receipts ( gdrs ) . the company , the largest bank in georgia by retail deposits , raised $ 239m at ipo , giving it a market value of $ 640m .
concept has been implemented in two of the bank’s branches , two more to follow .
tbc bank will support of winter resorts development company in the frame of 5 years partnership . the partnership aims creating innovative systems of payment and development of infrastructure on the winter resorts .
the winner of tbc bank ' s internet and mobile banking lottery ' s super prize - an apartment in gudauri - is giorgi chaligava . ten lucky lottery winners won . . .
today , 17th of december , tbc bank announced the winners of the second raffle . three main prizes went to : iphone6 - giorgi kukhalashvili ipad mini 2 - irakli . . .
tbc bank has announced the first 100 winners of internet and mobile banking campaign ! participate in our campaign and win the next 100 prizes ! do not miss the chance . . .
tbc bank is now offering something new for ipad holders ! now you can use georgia ' s first internet banking application for ipads . this new service will help you . . .
tbc bank kicked - off the 2013 saba literary competition . however , this year ' s competition– in its 11th year– offers some new changes . the competition is now . . .
according to global banking & finance review tbc leasing is the best leasing company 2015 in georgia .
thanks for using tbc bank app ! in the latest update we’ve fixed the compatibility issue for users with older ios versions in case you missed our previous update , here are the goodies wrapped up in tbc bank 2 . 7 . 7 : • exchange rates page will display special rate for mobile banking users ; • beneficiary name will be automatically filled in when you enter account number of tbc bank customer in external transfers page ; • now you can see the most popular templates using 3d touch technology by harder click on the application icon • minor bugs fixed ;
a presentation of the joint project of tbc bank and lisi development took place on the premises of lisi veranda , a suburb near lisi lake . this is a new mortgage . . .
money does not favor adventures ! open deposit in tbc bank , get lottery ticket and win : apple prizes : macbook air , ipad mini , iphone 5c samsung galaxy note . . .
tbc bank promises to actively continue to support csr projects throughout 2017 , and , as mamuka khazaradze noted , will regularly report to the public , thus ensuring the transparency of the process .
tbc recently announced it completed the legal and operational process of merging with bank constanta . the acquisition in 2011 was a milestone event for tbc that granted the latter a powerful growth catalyst . the full merger of the two banks under a common brand and the alignment of their product offerings and customer care practices should bring more synergies in 2015 and beyond . the completion of the merger clearly shows the bank is delivering on its promises in a timely manner . the full integration was expected and our current valuation already accounts for the positive effects . we maintain our positive outlook on the bank post - merger and maintain our buy recommendation on tbc bank stock .
the bank of georgia renewed their support for cnf’s work in borjomi - kharagauli national park ( bknp ) in georgia . this latest grant makes the bank of georgia our largest corporate …
the european fund for southeast europe ( efse ) and tbc bank georgia will be partners in supporting access to finance for micro and small enterprises ( mses ) and agricultural producers in the rural areas of georgia , thus significantly contributing towards the development of this key sector of the country’s economy . the efse is providing the bank with a usd 15 million subordinated loan , which will strengthen tbc’s capitalisation and support further growth in line with the bank’s strong focus on mse lending .
mr . butskhrikidze joined jsc tbc bank as a senior manager of the credit department in 1993 and was elected as deputy chairman of the bank management board in 1994 . he became chairman of the bank management board in 1996 . since 1998 , he has held the position of ceo of jsc tbc bank and has headed a number of jsc tbc bank ' s committees . vakhtang is also a member of the supervisory boards of the association of banks of georgia and is chairman of the financial committee of the business association of georgia . since 2011 he has also held the position of member of the supervisory board of the partnership fund , georgia . in 2016 , vakhtang joined the visa central & eastern europe , middle east and africa ( cemea ) business council .
on april 16 , the german investment and development company ' s ( deg ) provided a 3 million german frank line of credit to tbc bank for financing small and medium - sized enterprises .
in december , in cooperation with the international consulting company senteo , tbc bank introduced a completely new type of branch office design to the local market , created in line with modern international standards .
on 11 . 11 . 2015 tbc bank has announced the winners of the first stage internet and mobile banking raffle the winners of the first stage lottery will be awarded with 10 . . .
today , january 17 , tbc bank held its final raffle for internet and mobile banking users . along with other prizes , the final draw revealed the winner of the superprize - . . .
tbc bank participated in one more educational - social programme which considers coverage of tuition fees of one talented student lacking financial subsistence at one of the most prestigious and expensive universities - esm tbilisi .
the strength of tbc ' s franchise is a key driver for the rating affirmation . tbc ranks second ( behind bog ) in terms of size with a market share of 26 % . the acquisition of bank constanta in 2011 further increased its geographic footprint and its reach to smaller retail customers .
from june 19 till august 31 , get tbc primecard and win 2 person trip to your favorite football club ' s match and other prizes . to participate in the competition , buy tbc . . .
on december 19 , tbc bank and ebrd signed an agreement providing a credit line worth 6 million usd . this was the first investment in the georgian commercial sector since the rose revolution in 2003 .
tbc bank , the efse’s fifth partner lending institution in georgia , will expand the fund’s outreach to its target group of micro and small businesses in the country . through the recent full integration of its micro - lending arm bank constanta , tbc also has a strong presence in the rural areas of georgia with the capacity to offer a wide range of products tailored for the specific needs of mses .
q . the capital market is still developing in georgia but is still at a fairly basic level . how do you see potential opportunities for development and where does tbc bank sees its role here ?
rugby is our game – tbc bank is now the main sponsor of georgia ' s rugby union and national rugby team . this new development was announced at a press conference today , . . .
today , on january 8 , tbc bank has revealed winners of the loans raffle . a winner of our superprize - an orbi appartment - is konstantine makharashvili . to see the list . . .
if you are looking for gift ideas for your friends and loved ones , gift card might be just the right choice for you . you can select any of the gift cards available in liberty bank branches and service centers and your friend will be able to use it in any of the shops , restaurants or other merchant locations accepting pay cards ( liberty bank and tbc bank pos terminals )
• the bank has a reputation of the most desirable employer in the country as its provides the best result - oriented and enthusiastic professionals . the bank is committed to the principles of teamwork .