the london metal exchange ( lme ) is the futures exchange with the world 's largest market in options and futures contracts on base and other metals .

as the lme offers contracts with daily expiry dates of up to three months from trade date , weekly contracts to six months , and monthly contracts up to 123 months , it also allows for cash trading .

it offers hedging , worldwide reference pricing , and the option of physical delivery to settle contracts .

since 2012 it has been owned by hong kong exchanges and clearing , after lme 's shareholders voted in july 2012 to approve the sale of the exchange for a price of £ 1.4 billion .

london metal exchange

the london metal exchange ( lme ) is a commodities exchange in . . .
the london metal exchange is a futures exchange located in london , england . in addition to its eponymous metal futures contracts , the exchange also facilitates contract trading in plastics futures .
london metal exchange the objective of the london metal exchange is to provide facilities , along with the management and regulatory structure , for trading in lme contracts .
© 2018 the london metal exchange - an hkex company . all rights reserved .
men walk past the london metal exchange ( lme ) in london , july 22 , 2011 . reuters / paul hackett
in december 2012 the london metal exchange was acquired by hong kong exchanges & clearing limited .
lme and lmeselect are service marks and trademarks of the london metal exchange - an hkex company .
traders work on the floor of the london metal exchange , london , england . photograph : micha theiner / city am / rex feat
the london metal exchange has decided to delist worldwide warehouse solutions after a careful monitoring of the company’s financial situation , metal bulletin has learned .
traders and clerks react on the floor of the london metal exchange , london , britain , may 13 , 2016 . reuters / paul hackett
the london metal exchange ( lme ) is a futures and options trading exchange that operates the world’s largest marketplace for trading base metals .
the london metal exchange – the last open outcry trading pit in europe . photograph : paul hackett / reuters
li was appointed board director of the london metal exchange limited and lme holdings limited on december 6 , 2012 .
the london metal exchange is rich with tradition . but will a sale tarnish this commodities market ' s character ?
london ( reuters ) - the london metal exchange ( lme ) will start publishing gold and silver reference prices , the exchange told reuters on tuesday , potentially challenging the dominance of benchmarks administered by intercontinental exchange ( ice ) .
traders on the london metal exchange’s new ‘open - outcry’ trading floor the ring . photograph : christian sinibaldi for the guardian
policies the board of the london metal exchange approves policies setting out the standards expected of lme employees and business partners .
as you approach the ring – the circular trading floor of the london metal exchange – a low murmur crescendoes into a bewildering cacophony .
how the london metal exchange , which can be traced back to the reign of elizabeth i , became the global centre of metals trading .
metals - metals such as aluminum , nickel , copper , lead and ferrous scrap are mainly traded in the new york mercantile exchange [ nymex ] , the london metal exchange [ lme ] , the shangai futures exchange [ sfe ] , the central japan commodities exchange , hedgestreet exchange [ in california ] , and the tokyo commodities exchange [ tocom ] .
1877 - the london metal market and exchange company established above a hat shop in lombard court and trades in tin , copper and pig iron .
lme holdings on 6 december 2012 lme holdings limited became a member of the hkex group and is the sole shareholder of the london metal exchange .
london ( reuters ) - the launch of the london metal exchange’s new precious metals contracts will be delayed until july 10 , more than a month later than previously announced , it said on monday .
london ( reuters ) - the london metals exchange was formed in the last quarter of the 19th century to serve industrial britain’s insatiable appetite for metals .
after a two - year period of super - fast growth , the expansion of london metal exchange warehouses in asia slowed significantly over the past year .
there are traders at the london metal exchange ( lme ) who can still recollect an era when their colleagues sported top hats and tails to work .
1571 : the origins of the london metal exchange ( lme ) can be traced to the opening of the royal exchange in london during the reign of queen elizabeth i , when traders in a range of commodities begin to meet on a regular basis .
the london metal exchange is a wholly owned subsidiary of lme holdings limited . lme holdings limited has two classes of share : ordinary shares and b shares .
the london metal exchange and the investment bank goldman sachs are being sued in a us court over alleged anti - competitive and monopolistic behaviour in aluminium storage .
1877 : merchants form the london metals and mining company move into their first premises over a hat shop in lombard court . the london metal exchange is born . membership increases rapidly and they soon move to a purpose built exchange in whittington avenue . the exchange moves to its current home in leadenhall street in 1994 .
london , july 30 ( reuters ) - french bank natixis will no longer trade as a ring - dealing member on the london metal exchange ( lme ) , the exchange said on monday , following the bank’s plan earlier this year to wind up its commodities brokerage business .
the london metal exchange ( lme ) is a commodities exchange in london , england , that deals in metal futures . contracts on the exchange include aluminum , copper , cobalt and zinc . trading on the lme can be done in three main ways : through open outcry , via a telephone system between member companies , or on the lme select — an electronic trading platform . the lme is a non - ferrous exchange , which means that iron and steel are not traded on the exchange .
london , 02 may 2017 - interxion holding nv ( nyse : inxn ) , a leading european provider of carrier and cloud - neutral data centre services , today announced that the london metal exchange has expanded its footprint at interxion’s london data centre campus with its newly upgraded trading platform , lmeselect .
) is quitting open outcry trading on the london metal exchange after cutting back on its commodity business , a move that also shows the increasing importance of electronic dealing in metals .
established in 1877 and based in london , the london metal exchange ( lme ) offers futures and options contracts for aluminium , copper , nickel , tin , zinc , lead , aluminium alloy , cobalt , molybdenum , steel scrap and steel rebar .
london ( reuters ) - the 139 - year - old london metal exchange ( lme ) will wrap up open outcry trading on wednesday at its red leather “ring” before moving the trading floor to a new home elsewhere in the capital’s financial district .
hen investment banker matthew chamberlain was advising on the historic sale of the london metal exchange five years ago , he had no idea that by the age of 34 he’d become its boss .
stocks of copper registered with the london metal exchange ( lme ) jumped by a net 72 , 625 tonnes , or 30 percent , in the space of just four days starting june 29 .
the objective of the london metal exchange is to provide facilities , along with the management and regulatory structure , for trading in lme contracts . it is a recognised investment exchange ( rie ) , regulated directly by the financial conduct authority ( fca ) .
lme works with the london platinum and palladium market to administer and distribute london bullion market association ( lbma ) platinum and lbma palladium prices .
the london metal exchange is the world centre for industrial metals trading . the prices discovered on our three trading platforms are used as the global reference price and both the metal and investment communities use the lme to transfer or take on risk , 24 hours a day .
the london metal exchange will introduce three regional hot - rolled coil contracts at the start of 2019 , coinciding with a change in attitude towards risk management tools for the ferrous sector , . . .
this article describes a futures exchange on which futures contracts are traded . click here to view articles referencing this exchange .
the exchange provides producers and consumers of metal with a physical market of last resort and , most importantly of all , with the ability to hedge against the risk of rising and falling world metal prices .
three - month base metals prices on the london metal exchange were for the most part lower on the morning of friday june 15 , led by a 0 . 6 % fall in zinc prices . . .
edward meir at intl fcstone has taken first place on metal bulletin’s apex leaderboard for his overall precious metal price predictions in the fourth quarter of 2013 .
the london metal exchange is the world centre for the trading of industrial metals – the majority of all non - ferrous metal futures business is transacted on our platforms . in 2017 this equated to $ 12 . 7 trillion notional , 3 . 5 billion tonnes and over 157 million lots .
cme group and intercontinental exchange , which runs the lbma gold price benchmark , have also launched new contracts in the london gold market this year .
trading on the lme often surpasses global metal production by a factor of 40 .
the lme continues to be based in london and is regulated by the fca .
these commodities are mostly traded in the new york mercantile exchange [ nymex ] , ice futures , the dubai mercantile exchange [ dme ] and the central japan commodity exchange [ c - com ] .
hong kong exchanges and clearing has owned the london metal exchange since lme ' s shareholders voted in july 2012 to approve the sale of the exchange for a price of £1 . 4 billion . the consolidation trend has become common among the world ' s exchanges to reduce costs and fight for survival .
the ring has its roots in the early 19th century when the royal exchange , the world’s first commodities market , became so crowded that metal merchants gathered at the jerusalem coffee house on cornhill in the city of london to conduct business .
that is how the world ' s metal professionals can reach us online . . .
lme electronic trading hours are from 01 : 00 to 19 : 00 london time .
reports that include prices , forward curves , inventory stocks and volumes for each metal .
that was courtesy of whoever warranted 86 , 950 tonnes of metal in lme sheds .
“with immediate effect , natixis commodity markets limited has been re - categorised from a ring dealing member ( category 1 ) to an associate broker clearing member ( category 2 ) of the london metal exchange , ” the lme said in a statement .
while most major markets have migrated fully to electronic trading , at the london metal exchange ( lme ) open - outcry remains an essential trading platform . it is central to the process of ' price discovery ' , to establish lme official prices .
loco london fine gold held in london and complying with standards relating to good delivery and fineness acceptable to the precious metal clearer of the clearing house for the purpose of effecting settlement with the clearing house , as such standards are in effect from time to time .
metal stocks gained as lme aluminium hit near 7 - year high . the metal index surged as much as 3 . 6 per cent to highest since march 6 . hindustan copper
july 2010 - lme officially launches its asia office in singapore . this is the exchange’s first office outside of london and marks a significant milestone for the business .
each metal is traded in a highly liquid five - minute open - outcry trading session .
by 1877 the lme had been created through the establishment of the london metal market and exchange company , which was based above a hat shop in lombard court , but those early traditions remained and continue to this day , despite the surge of electronic trading .
precious metals - the other commonly traded commodities are precious metals such as gold , silver and platinum and they are traded in the new york mercantile exchange [ nymex ] , the brazilian mercantile and futures exchange [ bmf ] , the dubai gold and commodities exchange [ dgcx ] , the national commodity exchange limited [ in karachi , pakistan ] and the tokyo commodities exchange [ tocom ] .
since being formally established in 1877 the london metal exchange has sought to innovate whilst maintaining its traditional strengths and relationships . a member of hkex group , the lme remains close to its core users by ensuring its contracts continue to be relevant to the physical metals industry .
the expanding trade in metals and forward contracts led to the formal establishment of the london metals and mining company in 1877 . membership increased rapidly , and soon the exchange moved to a larger facility . today the lme occupies a modern facility in finsbury square in central london .
in addition to making interxion london the primary production location of lmeselect for base metals , the exchange will also list its new lmeprecious products on this platform , when they launch on 10th july 2017 ( subject to regulatory approval ) . lmeprecious responds to market demand by making available an innovative new suite of exchange - traded , loco london precious metals products .
1571 - the royal exchange , the world’s first commodities market , is established .
the london metal exchange ( lme ) is the world centre for industrial metals trading . most of the world’s non - ferrous metals business is conducted on our three trading platforms : lmeselect ( electronic ) , the ring ( open outcry ) and the 24 - hour telephone market .
agriculture - common commodities in agriculture include wheat , corn , maize , oats , rice , soybeans and they are traded in the chicago board of trade [ cbot ] , the kansai commodities exchange [ in osaka , japan ] , the risk management exchange [ rmx - in hannover ] , the minneapolis grain exchange , the winnipeg commodity exchange [ wce ] , the tokyo grain exchange [ tge ] and euronext .
every metal traded on the lme must conform to strict specifications regarding quality , lot size and shape .
trading venues the lme provides the market with three transparent and regulated platforms for trading industrial metal contracts .
brands the lme delivery system relies on a user being guaranteed a specified quality and quantity of metal .
a growing number of buyers have complained about rising metal prices stemming from long waiting times at warehouses .
the london aluminum market has grown accustomed to huge tonnages appearing and disappearing in the lme warehouse network .
london international financial futures and options exchange ( liffe ) commodities traded : cocoa , robusta coffee , corn , potato , rapeseed , white sugar , feed wheat , milling wheat , etc .
a seat refers to a membership of a stock exchange , which enables . . .
interxion recently announced that it is expanding its london campus , with a £30 million investment in a third london data centre , known as ‘lon3’ . scheduled to open in 2018 , lon3 will add 1 , 800 sqm to interxion’s uniquely located central london data centre campus , situated between the square mile and tech city .
early 19th century - the royal exchange becomes so crowded , metal merchants gather at the jerusalem coffee house on cornhill to conduct business , where the tradition of the ring and kerb are established .
june 2007 - lme intervenes in nickel market to make more metal available at a time of tight supplies .
lme publishes both an annual and a monthly report showing daily , average per contract and per metal volumes .
a retracement toward key levels of support suggests that base metal prices could head higher in the months ahead .
coffee - the second most traded commodity is coffee [ value wise ] . coffee is mainly traded through the new york board of trade [ nybot ] , the kansai commodities exchange [ in osaka , japan ] , the singapore commodities exchange [ sicom ] and euronext [ london ] .
most stocks are traded on physical or virtual exchanges . the new york stock exchange ( nyse ) , for example , is a physical exchange . . . read answer > >
suddenly , a buzzer sounds to signal the end of the session and the competitive whirlwind gives way to a cordial atmosphere of camaraderie . anywhere else , this sort of to - do would seem like the total breakdown of law and order but at the london metal exchange , this is business as usual .
lme has seven categories of membership within the base metal service and three categories of membership within its lmeprecious service .
precious metals producers and consumers around the world use benchmarks owned by the london bullion market association to price contracts .
this is the first day of open - outcry trading at the lme’s shiny new headquarters in moorgate , london , the exchange’s fourth home since it was established above a hat shop in lombard street in 1877 .
the metal exchange will fight the class - action lawsuit , which its management believes is without merit , the lme ' s owner , hong kong exchanges and clearing , said in a statement late on sunday .
the london metal exchange is the centre for global metals trading , with the world’s largest market in futures and options contracts for base metals . the majority of global base metals business takes place on its market , which last year equated to $ 10 . 3 trillion notional , 3 . 5 billion tonnes and 157 million lots .
london ( reuters ) - ( the opinions expressed here are those of the author , a columnist for reuters . )
the world of metals and base metal trading has changed dramatically over the last century , and the lme has continually adapted to these changes . new metals have been introduced to the exchange as and when demand dictated .
the exchange is moving offices to consolidate all its functions in the new location - finsbury square .
the lme is one of the main metal markets in the world and allows for the hedging of metals risk through highly liquid and standardized exchange - traded futures contracts . the lme also trades plastics on its exchange and has an lme index option that allows traders to speculate or hedge the broader metals market as a whole .
from its beginnings above a london hat shop , the lme has grown into the world’s largest non - ferrous metals marketplace .
asian morning brief 26 / 06 : nickel leads decline in base metal prices ; lme to introduce regional h . . .
lmeselect : 01 . 00 - 19 . 00 ( trading for lmeprecious continues until 20 . 00 ) ( london time )
lmeprecious is a collaborative initiative with the world gold council and a group of leading industry players , introducing lme gold and lme silver futures , part of an innovative new suite of exchange - traded , loco london precious metals products .
lmeselect is the london metals exchange ( lme ) electronic platform for the trading of all lme contracts . it offers a low latency fix api either from member sites or via proximity hosted data centres for the lowest latency trading strategies .
traders are starting to chase gains in the metal markets . these charts suggest that it might be best to proceed with caution .
in addition to open outcry ring trading and the telephone market , online trading is available through lmeselect , an exchange operated electronic trading platform . the online system is open between 01 : 00 and 19 : 00 ( london time ) .
march 2007 - lme’s chief executive martin abbott says the exchange is not for sale or planning any acquisitions .
natural gas - natural gas is traded in the new york mercantile exchange [ nymex ] and ice futures .
the exchange has moved four times since it was established above a hat shop in lombard court in 1877 .
hong kong exchanges , which operates the special administrative region ' s stock exchange , last year bought the lme , which approves and licenses a network of more than 700 metal storage facilities in 40 locations across the us , europe and asia .
a total of three companies shared first place on metal bulletin’s apex leaderboard for their silver price predictions for the fourth quarter of 2013 .
during the transition , trading will take place on thursday and friday at the lme’s disaster recovery site in chelmsford , east of london .
animals and animal products - animals and animal products such as live and feeder cattle , beef , frozen and fresh pork bellies , and eggs are mainly traded in the chicago mercantile exchange [ cme ] , euronext , the risk management exchange [ rmx - in hannover ] and the central japan commodity exchange [ c - com ] .
although the lme was formally founded in 1877 , its origins trace back to the reign of queen elizabeth i . in 1571 , traders formed the royal exchange in london to trade physical metals for the domestic market . however , as britain’s international role expanded , the nation soon became a leading exporter of metals . european merchants began arriving in london to partake in the growing metals trade .
members and their clients can access the lmeselect platform via one of the approved isvs with whom the exchange works .
what does a new york stock exchange membership entail , and why is it known as ' owning . . .
chamberlain heads the lme ' s warehousing reform process , the deployment of the new london platinum and palladium prices and the precious metals initiative .
the teams at macquarie and commerzbank shared first place on metal bulletin’s platinum apex leaderboard for their price predictions in the fourth quarter of 2013 .
one of the top three most - connected points on the planet , london is an important gateway to the usa , europe and beyond .
nickel commenced trading on the exchange the year after primary aluminium , in april 1979 and aluminium alloy in october 1992 .
miscellaneous : other lme fees include warehousing fees , brand listing fees and fees for other proprietary services the exchange offers .
the lme silver contract combines daily tradeable dates with monthly and quarterly trading dates . in this way , the system seamlessly blends the daily structure of the london over - the - counter ( otc ) market , and the monthly futures approach of existing exchange offerings .
garry jones took the reins of the london metal exchange ( lme ) at the end of september 2013 . just over a week into the job , he spoke with john lothian news editor - in - chief jim kharouf about the lme’s next steps , what’s happening with the controversial warehouse issue , cme’s aluminum challenge and how lme’s parent company hong kong exchanges & clearing can become a metals powerhouse in asia .
international trade in metals could be said to have commenced in britain when the romans invaded in ad43 and extracted the large deposits of copper and tin ore in cornwall and wales to satisfy their increasing domestic need for the production of bronze and alloys . however , the origins of the london metal exchange can only be traced back as far as the opening of the royal exchange in london in 1571 during the reign of queen elizabeth i . it was there that traders in metal and a range of other commodities began to meet on a regular basis . at first the traders merely dealt in physical metal for the domestic market but because britain soon became a major exporter of metals , european merchants began to arrive to join in these activities . in the early 19th century there were so many commodity traders , ship charterers and financiers using the royal exchange that it became impossible to do business . as a result , individual groups of traders set up shop in the nearby city coffee houses . the jerusalem coffee house , off cornhill , became the favourite of the metal trading community and it was there that the tradition of the ring was born . a merchant with metal to sell would draw a circle in the sawdust on the floor and call out ' change ' , at which point all those wishing to trade would assemble around the circle and make their bids and offers .
futures contracts are an agreement to buy or sell a fixed amount of metal for delivery on a fixed future date at a price agreed today .
due to a data error , metal bulletin’s spot premium assessment for shanghai in - warehouse copper er cathodes was published incorrectly on monday june 11 .
lme futures contract trade daily out to three months , weekly out to six months and monthly up to 123 months in the future depending on the metal . each lme metal could have as many as 200 tradeable dates . ring trading enables traders to transact multiple dates more efficiently than electronic trading .
whether you are an industrial hedger , metal merchant or proprietary trading desk , there are broadly speaking two ways of accessing our markets . . . .
edward meir , of intl fcstone , has taken the top spot on metal bulletin’s apex leaderboard for his base metals price predictions in the third quarter .
casper burgering , of abn amro , has come in first on metal bulletin’s apex leaderboard for his zinc price predictions in the fourth quarter of 2013 .
one rooted in physical flow , warehousing and arbitrage dynamics . metal is being relentlessly shuffled between lme and off - market storage and between geographic locations .
brochures and whitepapers : these include guides to the exchange , fact sheets on individual metals , clearing manuals and research reports .
the video is for educational purpose . respect those professionals hard - working down there . like nyse euronext and lse which trades equities , london metal exchange trades commodities - copper , aluminium , nickel , zinc , etc in form of futures . this is how the actual ring trading looks like - seeing how ring dealers / brokerages trade with each other . their group effort will decide the daily benchmark price for different metals , which are the basis for thousands / millions of contracts worldwide . nice to see this in real eyes , highly recommend an educational visit to lme and understand how important the exchange is in the market . lme is located on 56 leadenhall st , london , worth a visit : )
the cases were brought after some users complained about the long waits to get metal , particularly aluminum , out of lme warehouses . the biggest warehouses have been taking more than a year to release the aluminum . the lme has proposed forcing warehouses with long queues to load out more metal . [ 22 ]
all of the deals happen during five - minute trading windows , each for a different metal . as the window for aluminium opens , very little happens .
ring trading is the method by which certain types of investment business is conducted at the london metal exchange ( lme ) , where trading activity occurs within a six - meter diameter circle with two large display boards that show current prices . each of the ring dealing members have a fixed seat within the ring , behind which an assistant is permitted to stand to pass orders to the ring dealing member and to liaise with customers regarding market conditions .
the lme does not own or operate warehouses , nor does it own the material they contain . it simply authorises warehouse companies and the warehouses they operate to store lme - registered brands of metal , on behalf of warrant holders , and issue lme warrants through their london agent for material delivered into their approved warehouses .
the lme has evolved from its roots as an exchange for non - ferrous metals contracts in the wake of a changing customer profile and intensifying competition , notably from the shanghai futures exchange , which vies with its uk rival as the seat of the largest metals complex .
the £1 . 4bn sale to hkex , one of the largest exchanges in the world , was a landmark moment for the 140 - year - old london institution .
tradition isn’t always a positive thing , people often want to modernise . but there’s a huge loyalty and bond between the exchange and its members
the jerusalem coffee house , becomes a favourite of the metal trading community , where
the tradition of the ring
is born . a merchant with metal to sell draws a circle in the sawdust on the floor and calls out
change !
at which point those wishing to trade would assemble around the circle and make their bids .
a futures contract is an obligation to buy or sell a standard quantity of a specified asset ( metal ) on a particular date at a fixed price agreed upon today .
any questions regarding this policy and our privacy practices should be sent by e - mail to privacy @ urltoken or by writing to data protection officer at , exporta publishing & events ltd , 4 hillgate place , london , sw12 9er , united kingdom . alternatively , you can telephone our london headquarters at + 44 ( 0 ) 20 8673 9666 .
the london metal exchange ( lme ) is the world ' s premier non - ferrous metals market with highly liquid contracts and a worldwide reputation . with metalsmarket . net ' s fast and accurate financial information technology , market professionals can follow lme prices real - time and streaming or in a 30 minute delayed option . metalsmarket . net service is provided by foreks information services , the leading financial information provider in turkey , for over 15 years of experience . metalsmarket . net offers clients an unique
the global metal community uses the lme to trade futures and options to hedge against adverse price movements – prices which are discovered on our markets and used as the global reference .
still , there remains concern among members about how a different ownership structure might affect london ' s historic commodity trading hub , which dates back to the reign of elizabeth i .
the contract can be traded electronically from 01 . 00 to 20 . 00 ( london time ) via lmeselect , and through the 24 - hour inter - office telephone market .
by the early 19th century , the metals trade has grown so large that the royal exchange no longer provided an adequate venue for transacting business .
lme gold combines daily prompts ( including spot ) out to 25 days with monthly and quarterly dates along a tradeable five - year forward curve . in this way , the system seamlessly blends the daily structure of the london over - the - counter ( otc ) market , and the monthly futures approach of existing exchange offerings .
on november 7 , 2013 , the lme proposed a rule that would link the amount of lme - traded metal an exchange - approved warehouse could accept for storage to the amount of the same metal it released whenever the warehouse could not process requests to discharge the same metal from storage in less than 50 days . ( this proposal is known as the “lilo” rule , for
loaded out / loaded in .
) however , the exchange was forced to postpone the implementation of the new rule , which scheduled for april 1 , 2014 , after the its decision process was challenged in a lawsuit by rusal . a u . k . judge ruled in favor of rusal , who claimed that the decision process was “unfair and unlawful” . the judge ordered a review of the lme consultation . [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ]
may 2011 - report commissioned by the lme suggests warehouses with large stockpiles be required to deliver out much more metal each day following complaints by consumers of long delays to receive material .
september 2010 - the london bullion market association and the lme say they will begin collecting data for the lbma gold forward curve from september and distribute this information from early in 2011 .
a source at a bank that is backing the lme’s precious metals contracts saw benchmarking shifting its way to the exchange over time if volumes were robust .
steel slab prices in july will be relatively stable in brazil thanks to steady fundamentals , and will hold up in asia despite soft demand , market participants told metal bulletin on . . .
mb apex tracks analysts’ base and precious metal price forecasts , giving the market a ready outlook on a range of views about how prices are expected to develop , and providing . . .
the lead contract has remained virtually unchanged , certainly since its reintroduction in october 1952 following the closure of the exchange brought about by the second world war .
the lme , the world’s biggest market for base metals such as copper and aluminum , is the only financial exchange to maintain open outcry trading in europe .
the number of firms that trade in the lme ring has declined from a peak of about 30 during the late 1980s . the ring has its roots in the early 19th century when the royal exchange , the world’s first commodities market , became so crowded , metal merchants gathered at the jerusalem coffee house on cornhill in the city to conduct business .
we also work with the london platinum and palladium market to administer and distribute lbma platinum and lbma palladium prices . this solution is delivered via our custom - built electronic auction platform , lmebullion .
we currently work with the london platinum and palladium market to administer and distribute lbma platinum and lbma palladium prices . this solution is delivered via our custom - built electronic auction platform , lmebullion .
learn how trading on the floor of the stock exchange has evolved over time with computers now managing the majority of buying , . . . read answer > >
the lme was founded in 1877 as the london metals and mining company , providing contracts in tin , adding lead and zinc in 1920 , aluminum in 1978 and nickel in 1979 . [ 10 ]
a range of real - time and 30 - minute delayed prices and data is available via subscription from licenced data distributors , or directly from the exchange via lmelive .
certainly , the comex warehouse system is no longer a marginal part of the global stocks picture . comex copper stocks currently account for 23 percent of global exchange stocks .
lme copper can be traded on lmeselect from 01 . 00 - 19 . 00 london time , 24 hours a day on the inter - office telephone market and during the below times on the ring :
lme aluminium can be traded on lmeselect from 01 . 00 - 19 . 00 london time , 24 hours a day on the inter - office telephone market and during the below times on the ring :
lme nickel can be traded on lmeselect from 01 . 00 - 19 . 00 london time , 24 hours a day on the inter - office telephone market and during the below times on the ring :
lme zinc can be traded on lmeselect from 01 . 00 - 19 . 00 london time , 24 hours a day on the inter - office telephone market and during the below times on the ring :
the trading floor that hosts suited figures yelling and waving within a circle of red - leather benches has been located for over two decades at leadenhall street , also in the city of london financial district .
it is likely to publish the prices to coincide with the lbma benchmark auctions , held for gold at 10 : 30 am and 3 pm london time and for silver at midday , the source added .
the lme recently launched lmeprecious , our suite of new lme gold and lme silver futures contracts . we currently work with the london platinum and palladium market to administer and distribute lbma platinum and lbma palladium prices .
to address those concerns , goldman said last week that it is taking measures to make more aluminium immediately available to customers at its metal storage business , metro international trade services , which operates under lme regulations .
each lme metal is traded in highly liquid five - minute ring sessions which are themselves representative of global supply and demand . trading on the ring begins at 11 . 40 and closes at 17 . 00 .
that seems to be the definition of the perfect trade , and is perhaps the reason the exchange has survived and prospered for more than 130 years . yet suddenly its gentlemanly way of life , which includes the last open outcry trading pit in europe , appears under threat as a bidding war has broken out for the member - owned exchange .
“the simple answer is yes , the acquisition has worked , ” chamberlain says , adding that the process has been complicated by the fact the exchange was previously member owned .
it’s also possible that rising exchange inventories are in some way related to rising trade activity on the cme copper contract , although disentangling cause and effect is an impossible task .
the lme proposes measures to limit any queues that might arise to 34 business days , which it believes is broadly in line with the average sourcing horizon for consumers requiring access to metal on the lme cash market .
similar to school bells , the new york stock exchange ' s ( nyse ) opening and closing bells mark the beginning and the end of . . . read answer > >
owning a seat on the nyse enables a person to trade on the floor of the exchange , either as an agent for someone else or . . . read answer > >
secondly , lme stocks are only one third of the visible copper stocks picture . the other two components are the shanghai futures exchange ( shfe ) and cme ( comex ) .
to turn cookies and similar technologies on and off , see the information in paragraph 5 above . any questions regarding consents and opt - outs should be sent by e - mail to privacy @ urltoken or by writing to data protection officer at , exporta publishing & events ltd , 4 hillgate place , london , sw12 9er , united kingdom . alternatively , you can telephone our london headquarters at + 44 ( 0 ) 20 8673 9666 .
eager to start off on the right foot , chamberlain launched a discussion paper earlier this year to pinpoint exactly what the exchange could do to become more competitive and lure volumes back .
to buy or sell an asset ( metal ) at a particular price and on a particular future date . an option buyer pays a seller an agreed upon premium for this right . the underlying is a metals futures contract .
on december 1 , 2014 the lme took over the procedure for the platinum and palladium fixings in london from basf metals ltd . , goldman sachs group inc . , hsbc holdings plc and standard bank plc . [ 43 ]
in november of 2008 , the lme upgraded its electronic trading platform lmeselect , in cooperation with cinnober financial technology who also delivered the previous platform . [ 39 ] the exchange contended that the upgrade would provide a more robust system that offers operational efficiencies . the upgrade came on the back of a record trading month for the exchange . exchange volumes were up 44 percent in october compared to the corresponding period of 2007 with 11 , 218 , 308 lots traded . lmeselect also recorded an increase of 23 percent on its previous record month . [ 40 ]
that heritage began in 1571 with the creation of the world ' s first commodities market in the city ' s royal exchange . but by the early 19th century , the venue had become so crowded that metal merchants began gathering at the jerusalem coffee house on cornhill , where the lme ' s tradition of ring - and - kerb trading began . a merchant with metal to sell would draw a circle in the sawdust on the floor and call out
change
, at which point all those wishing to trade would assemble around the ring and make their bids . after hours , dealings would take place outside , or on the kerb .
ut winning back business isn’t just about bringing down fees – the exchange mirrored recent moves made by two of its us rivals , cme group and the intercontinental exchange , earlier this month by launching new gold and silver contracts , and chamberlain says he wants to make sure the group is ready for changing technology that could impact the demand for certain metals in the years ahead .
lme transacts about 150 million lots of metals annually ( * a lot is a unit equal to between one and 65 metric tons depending on the particular metal and contract type ) , which equates to more than $ 10 trillion .
approving a location is the first step in the process for listing warehouses for lme delivery . once a location is approved the lme will license warehouse companies to issue lme warrants and finally list the warehouses that may store the metal .
established in 2002 and with offices in london and singapore , exporta publishing & events ltd is the world’s leading trade and trade finance media company , offering information , news , events and services for companies and individuals involved in global trade .
the last trading time for lmeprecious silver futures shall be 16 : 00 london time on the last trading day . the last trading day for lmeprecious silver futures shall be the business day which is one business day before the prompt date .
the last trading time for lmeprecious gold futures shall be 16 : 00 london time on the last trading day . the last trading day for lmeprecious gold futures shall be the business day which is one business day before the prompt date .
in november 2015 the lme launched four regional aluminum premium contracts that allow consumers to hedge against the premiums paid to producers on top of the metal ' s price , as part of the exchange ' s attempt to reform its warehousing system . premiums had been rising because of the lengthy queues . [ 29 ] the contracts are designed to work alongside the ‘parent’ lme aluminium contract and involve a swap of warrants . [ 30 ]
aluminum contracts remain the most heavily - traded on the exchange . copper grade a ranks second , followed by zinc , lead , nickel and tin , with options offered alongside the futures contracts .
even with the latest “arrivals event” in the lme system , it is the 68 , 026 - tonne rise in comex stocks that has generated most of the global exchange stocks increase this year .
lme arbitration rules require that the parties to a dispute allow a third party to make an independent and binding decision about the outcome . traders can obtain details about lme arbitration on the exchange website .
monthly volume reports demonstrate the substantial number of contracts traded on the exchange each month . a report for the previous month is published in excel format within the first seven business days of each month .
home to over 200 capital markets participants including industry - leading banks , proprietary traders and hedge funds , interxion’s london data centre campus is at the centre of the european trading landscape , making it a logical choice to locate the primary lmeselect platform .
this film highlights the rich heritage of the exchange and how the lme developed in the industrial revolution . it is an excerpt from the lme ' s educational corporate dvd which can be purchased here : urltoken
the exchange operates as a market of
last resort
and provides physical delivery – though used in less than 1 percent of trades – through a network of more than 600 warehouses in 15 countries .
“interxion provides the ideal environment for our new lmeselect platform , with best in class power and cooling and excellent cross connect access to the exchange , ” comments john lee , the lme’s chief technology officer .
intercontinental exchange ( ice ) sets the lbma gold price twice a day via an electronic auction , and was selected this month to administer the lbma silver price , defeating a rival bid by the lme .
a summary of official and average prices for the previous month are published by close of business ( london time ) on the first business day of each month . reports are available free for the current calendar year and can be purchased for previous years .
1800s : by the early 19th century there are so many commodity traders using the royal exchange that it becomes impossible to do business . individual groups of traders set up shop in the nearby city coffee houses .
september 2011 - the lme says interest in the exchange as a takeover target has snowballed and that it will set up a “data room , ” opening its books for would - be buyers , by early december .
the exchange said natixis commodity markets will operate as a category 2 broker from monday , meaning it will no longer be able to trade as a category 1 member taking part in the open - outcry ring trading .
in 1877 the traders formed the london metals and mining company and moved into their first premises over a hat shop in lombard court . telegraphic links were set up and a company secretary was appointed to handle the administration . membership increased rapidly and , after surpassing the three hundred mark , the decision was taken to move to a purpose built exchange in whittington avenue , where it remained for 98 years . then , after a period of 14 years at plantation house in fenchurch street , the exchange moved in 1994 to leadenhall street . in 2016 , the lme moved to its current home in finsbury square signifying the next step of its modernisation and housing its custom - built clearing house , lme clear .
the lme operates three side - by - side trading systems . the original open - outcry floor , known as
the ring ,
operates from 11 : 45 a . m . to 5 p . m . london time . the lme select electronic system , introduced in february 2001 , runs from 1 a . m . to 7 p . m . - extending hours into the asian trading day in june 2006 . and the exchange also operates 24 - hour telephone trading among members .
the exchange also added three new delivery locations in 2014 , extending its global network of warehouses to kaohsiung in taiwan , moerdijk in the netherlands and , for copper only , panama city in the united states . [ 31 ]
the lme , the only physical commodity trading exchange left in europe , is the world center for the trading of industrial metals — more than three - quarters of all non - ferrous metal futures business is transacted there . the lme offers contracts with daily expiry dates of up to three months from trade date , weekly contracts to six months , and monthly contracts up to 123 months ; it also allows for cash trading . it offers worldwide reference pricing and the option of physical delivery to settle contracts .
at
lme week
in london in oct . 2014 the exchange announced the launch of asian contracts for aluminium , zinc and copper in hong kong , to start in december and be denominated in renminbi . the contracts are called “minis” because they offer lots of 5 tonnes rather than the standard 25 tonnes , and they are targeted toward china’s numerous retail investors . they are cash - settled on the third wednesday of each maturity month rather than physically settled as in the traditional lme contracts . [ 44 ]
the three - month notice period required under the warehouse agreement will run between mid - march and mid - june 2015 so any new rules adopted via the consultation would come into effect around mid - june , the exchange said .


líneas aéreas de nicaragua , operating as lanica , was an airline from nicaragua .

headquartered in the capital managua , it operated scheduled passenger flights within south and central america , as well as to the united states .

lanica

in 1880 , the most common lanica occupation in the usa was farmer . 100 % of lanica ' s were farmers .
lanica ( lineas aéreas de nicaragua ) based nicaragua , managua ; operated 1946 - 1981 .
lanica angpak , founder and director . lanica is a second generation cambodian american . she started dancing at the age of 2 years old , but formally began her training when she was 7 years old . currently , lanica is a teaching artist with a passion for bringing together arts and culture with social justice and youth leadership . her professional career is focused on community organizing , youth development , and program development . in 2015 , lanica was awarded the leeway foundation ' s transformation award for her work in the community and arts . with the transformation award , lanica will dedicate her time to building on cage ' s mission .
lanica , the nicaraguan airline , has agreed to joint operation of its bac one - eleven 400 with tan airlines of honduras .
creators of the lanica game platform for all your game dev needs . backed by @ appcelerator , javascript , and a whole lot of caffeine .
) , but lanica cargo ( líneas aéreas de nicaragua ) airline ( both dc - 6s are cargo versions , almost without passenger windows ) .
census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your lanica ancestors , such as occupation . occupation can tell you about your ancestor ' s social and economic status .
lanica , líneas aéreas de nicaragua urltoken fundada en 1944 . originalmente como una subsidiaria de pan am . sus itinerarios de vuelo comenzarían 2 años más tarde con un boeing 247 y aviones dc3 pedro espinoza talavera
census records can give you a fascinating window into the day - to - day lives of your lanica ancestors - like hours worked per week , level of education , veteran status , employers , and more .
since she was 7 years old , lanica has performed cambodian classical court dance in the greater philadelphia region . she has taught cambodian classical dance on a volunteer basis for five years and developed programming that connects this form of dance with identity and community . lanica is dedicated to youth development and cambodian american empowerment by creating safe havens for creative expression and preserving and reclaiming culture and traditions , as well as keeping it relevant .
lanica & huw flew to cape town to celebrate their wedding in the cape winelands . it was an intimate occasion with closest family and friends , love and laughter was blooming . simple and elegant styling in a beautiful setting .
lanica was set up as an affiliate of pan am in 1944 being miami added in 1957 as a regular destination . the airline operated several types of aircrafts : boeing 247 , dc - 3 , dc - 6 , viscounts ,
lineas aereas de nicaragua [ lanica ] was the state owned airline from nicaragua until it was grounded in 1979 . the attachment posted below shows the airline flying to panama city , guatemala , san salvador , miami and mexico city in 1977 .
an unusually short lifespan might indicate that your lanica ancestors lived in harsh conditions . a short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family . the ssdi is a searchable database of more than 70 million names . you can find birthdates , death dates , addresses and more .
- by march 1975 , lanica ' s fleet consisted of two convair 880s , three c - 46s and four dc - 6s that served a route network including domestic services , as well as international passenger and cargo services to mexico city , miami and san salvador . see also the wikileaks document of 19aug1976 , below .
an - bsq was originally delivered to taa in august 1965 as vh - tjc ‘arthur phillips’ . in mid 1977 she joined lanica and remaine with them until their closure wearing several different liveries . in 1983 she was converted to a freighter and became n4602d with jet east intnl . by 1985 she was n721je with purolater courier and later emery . operating in usps colours she was retired in 2004 and broken up .
dc - 6b / f an - bfn - image 1976 . in 1979 c / n 45322 overran runway the runway at charleston , wv while the aircraft was carrying about 20000lb of marijuana on board . no doubt it was seized , then what ? two images of an - bfn does show the ( lanica ) cheatline changed from red to blue : 1976 ( blue ) & red ( 1970 ) . bob garrard has an image on flickr and wrote the following :
douglas dc - 6b ( f ) ( cn 45322 / 939 ) returning from an engine run up , this aircraft was destroyed in a crash in west virginia on 6 / 6 / 79 with a later operator . taken 5 / 76 .
so it can also be discounted as a candidate for ron ' s images .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
this information is not presented as the flight safety foundation or the aviation safety network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident . it is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time .
aryan cargo & express logistics ( p ) ltd . ( ace ) - india
servicios aereos del golfo , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
servicios aereos rutas oriente s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero taxi autlan , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero hunduras , s . a . d / b / a sol air - honduras
aerovias de poniente , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
servicios aereos de los angeles , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerovia del altiplano , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aeroservicios del bajio , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero servicio de carga mexicana s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerolineas coco club hoteles de mexico , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero sierra eco , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerolineas del oeste , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero fiesta mexicana , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerovias de lagos , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero servicios de nuevo laredo , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aeronaves del noreste , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero - rent , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero reservaciones ejecutivas , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerolineas ejecutivas de san luis potosi , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
air berlin , inc . t / a air berlin usa - united states of america
air manas d / b / a air manas ltd . air company - kyrgyzstan
air nevada airlines inc . d / b / a pacific wings - united states of america
avi inc . d / b / a air vegas inc . - united states of america
air venezuela , linea de transporte aereo lta . , c . a . - venezuela
alba star , s . a . d / b / a alba urltoken - spain
aerolineas ejecutivas del sureste , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
allegheny commuter airlines , inc . d / b / a usairways express - united states of america
allegheny commuter airlines , inc . d / b / a usair express - united states of america
lineas aereas allegro , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerolineas mesoamericanas , s . a . de c . v . d / b / a alma de mexico - mexico
ata airlines , inc . d / b / a ata - united states of america
american international resorts d / b / a air l . a . - united states of america
anglo airlines ltd . d / b / a anglo cargo ltd . - united kingdom
alm 1997 airline inc . , d / b / a air alm - netherlands antilles
a . s . t . - air service training ltd . - united kingdom
deutsche forschungs - und versuchsanstalt fur luft - und raumfahrit e . v . - germany
compania aerea del sur s . a . ( aerosur s . a . ) - uruguay
societa aero trasporti italiani s . p . a . ( ati ) - italy
cesar augusto de la cruz lepe , c . p . a . - mexico
aero marine consulting pty ltd . d / b / a transaustralian air express pty . ltd . - australia
compania argentina de transortes aereos s . a . c . ei . - austral - argentina
aviacsa - consorcio aviaxsa , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aviacion comercial de america , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aviacion del noroeste , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aviones para servirle , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
sun america , inc . d / b / a jetamerica - united states of america
cherokee leasing , inc . d / b / a cherokee express - united states of america
bosphorus avrupa hava yollari s . a . ( bosphorus european airways ) - turkey
british north west airlines ltd . t / a british northwest airlines - united kingdom
carga del caribe , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
carga express internacional , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
cc air , inc . d / b / a us airways express - united states of america
servicios aereos castaneda , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
celmar servicios aereos , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
central charter airlines , a . s . ( central connect airlines ) - czech republic
taxi aereo centro sur , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
cetty taxi aereo nacional , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
grand holdings , inc . d / b / a champion air - united states of america
ibc aviation services inc . , d / b / a western air freight - united states of america
chautauqua airlines , inc . d / b / a usair express - united states of america
boston - maine airways corp . d / b / a pan am clipper connection - united states of america
kitty hawk international , inc . d / b / a american international airways - united states of america
aero transportes consolidados , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
corporacion aerea ejecutiva , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
corporacion aereo internacional , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
enrique cuahonte delgado , c . c . , marta amezclia de cuahonte - mexico
danaus lineas aereas , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aviones y servicics del golfo , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerolineas del mayab , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
central de discos de reynosa , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
taag - linhas aereas de angola s . a . r . l . ( tma ) - angola
american eagle airlines , inc . d / b / a american eagle - united states of america
eagle jet charter , inc . d / b / a scenic airlines - united states of america
kyrgyz airways d / b / a kyrgyz airways ltd . air company - kyrgyzstan
elivie - soc . italiana servizio elicotteri s . p . a . - italy
aviacion ejecutiva de hildago , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
vuelos ejecutivos de queretaro , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
oklahoma executive jet charter , inc . d / b / a embassy freight company - united states of america
delta air transport n . v . d / b / a sn brussels airlines - belgium
estrellas del aire , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
woodgate executive air charter uk ltd . d / b / a euromanx - united kingdom
vuelos exclusivos de mexico , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
executive air charter , inc . d / b / a american eagle - united states of america
air exel netherlands b . v . d / b / a klm exel - netherlands
expertos en carga , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
ids aircraft ltd . d / b / a i . d . s . heathrow exective jets - united kingdom
field aircraft services ( heathrow ) ltd . d / b / a field survey flight - united kingdom
express airlines i , inc . d / b / a northwest airlink - united states of america
express airlines 1 , inc . d / b / a northwest airlink - united states of america
pinnacle airlines , inc . d / b / a northwest airlink - united states of america
bombardier aerospace d / b / a bombardier business jet solutions , inc . - united states of america
kelowna flightcraft international air cargo ltd . d / b / a winnport air cargo - canada
servicios aereos y fotograficos , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
south pacific air charters ltd . t / a freedom air international - new zealand
aom - minerve s . a . d / b / a aom french airlines - france
gacela air cargo , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
edelweiss holdings , inc . d / b / a rio grande air - united states of america
ozark air lines , inc . d / b / a / great plains airlines - united states of america
aeroservicios integrados de norte , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
interestatal de aviacion , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
britt airways , inc . , d / b / a continental express inc . / air mike express - united states of america
american air services , inc . d / b / a executive jet management , inc . - united states of america
taxi aereo de jimulco , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
tta - sociedade de transporte e trabalho aereo , s . a . r . l . - mozambique
k2 del aire , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
l . a . b . flying service , inc . - united states of america
aires s . a . aerovias de integracion regional s . a . ) d / b / a lan colombia - colombia
aerolane - lineas aereas nacionales del ecuador s . a . ( lan ecuador ) - ecuador
líneas aéreas nacionales de navegación dominicana , s . a ( lan dominicana ) - dominican republic
lao central airlines public co . , ltd - lao people ' s democratic republic
lineas aereas latur , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
compania aerea lineas ecuatoguineanas de aviacion s . a . ( leasa ) - equatorial guinea
leeward islands air transport ( 1974 ) ltd . ( liat ) - antigua and barbuda
lineas aereas azteca , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerolineas comerciales del norte , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
exec . express ii , inc . d / b / a aspen mountain air / lone star airlines - united states of america
london flight centre ( stansted ) ltd . d / b / a love air - united kingdom
grupo turistico magno , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
malev hungarian airlines public limited company ( malev p . l . c . ) - hungary
transportes aereos mangino , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
northwest seaplanes , inc . d / b / a san juan airlines - united states of america
aerotransportes mas de carga , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
max sea food s . a . de c . v . - el salvador
maya carga internacional , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
mex - jet , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
mercury air cargo , inc . d / b / a air mercury - united states of america
compania mexicana de aviacion s . a . de c . v . - mexico
air monacrch cargo , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerovias montes azules , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
transportes aereos del mundo maya , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
national air cargo group , inc . d / b / a national airlines - united states of america
servicios aereos barsa , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
nac aviation business centre ( pty ) ltd . d / b / a national airlines - south africa
boston - maine airways d / b / a faa william j . hughes technical center shuttle - united states of america
transportes aereos neuguinos sociedad del estado ( t . a . n . s . e . ) - argentina
van gaever & co . n . v . d / b / a delsey airlines - belgium
van gaever & co . n . v . d / b / a vg airlines - belgium
omni air international , inc . d / b / a omni air express - united states of america
organizacion de transportes aereos , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
piedmont aviation services , inc . d / b / a pace airlines - united states of america
pan - air , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
peacock h . e . and son ( thorney ) ltd . - united kingdom
piedmont airlines , inc . d / b / a usair express - united states of america
aereo postal de mexico , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerolinea principal chile s . a . t / a pal - principal airlines - chile
aero servicios pro - bajio , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
pubbi - aer - foto - trasporti aerei s . r . l . - italy
quassar de mexico , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
sergio gonzales rogel , c . c . , ing . fernado g . rogel - mexico
gul havacilik isletmeleri sanayi ve ticaret a . s . - rose air - turkey
vision airlines , inc . d / b / a vision air - united states of america
rutas aereas , c . a . d / b / a rutaca - venezuela
rutas aereas , c . a . d / b / a rutaca airlines - venezuela
sociedad ecuatoriana de transporles aereos ( saeta ) , s . a . - colombia
servicios de aerotransportacion de aguascalientes , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
mega global air services ( maldives ) pvt . ltd . t / a mega maldives airlines - maldives
eagle canyon airlines , inc . d / b / a scenic airlines inc . - united states of america
servicios de rampa y mostrador , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
servicios de taxi aereo , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero servicio del norte , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
servicios aereos especiales de jalisco , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
jets y servicios ejecutivos , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
servicios aerolineas mexicanas , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
servicios aereos del notre , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
servicios aereos norte sur , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
air south , inc . d / b / a shawnee airlines , inc . - united states of america
simulated flight training limited - s . f . t . aviation - united kingdom
skegness air taxi services ltd . d / b / a skegair - united kingdom
skyway airlines , inc . d / b / a midwest connect - united states of america
travel service , a . s . organizacna zlozka slovensko ( organizational unit slovakia ) - slovakia
valley air services inc . d / b / a heritage flight - united states of america
sky king , inc . d / b / a fly first class - united states of america
aviation associates , inc . d / b / a eastern metro express - united states of america
interstate equipment leasing , inc . d / b / a swift air - united states of america
crossair ltd . d / b / a swiss international airlines ltd . - switzerland
transportes aereos de el salvador s . a . de cal . - el salvador
absa - aerolinhas brasileiras s . a . d / b / a tam cargo - brazil
transportes aereos tamaulipas , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
taxi aero bae , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero taxi del centro de mexico , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
taxi aereo nacional del evora , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aerotaxis del golfo , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aereo taxi de leon , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
taxis aereos de caborca , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
aero taxis cessna , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
trans european airways ( uk ) ltd . d / b / a tea ( uk ) ltd . - united kingdom
northern thunderbird air ltd . d / b / a n . t . air - canada
transportes aereos ejecutivos , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
prime air , inc . d / b / a transmeridian airlines - united states of america
aero - transportes de carga , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
servicios aereos tribasa , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
a - a - a air enterprises , inc . - united states of america
vip - air - transporti aerei - s . p . a . - italy
vip - air - trasporti aerei - s . p . a . - italy
viva , vuelos internacionales de vacaciones , s . a . ( viva air ) - spain
vuelos especializados tollocan , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
kuwait national airways ( k . c . s . ) t / a wataniya airways - kuwait
trans state airlines , inc . d / b / a trans world express - united states of america
trans state airlines , inc . d / b / a american connection - united states of america
caribbean sun airlines , inc . d / b / a world atlantic airlines - united states of america
booker aircraft operations ltd . t / a wycombe air centre and airways flying club - united kingdom
helicopteros xel - ha , s . a . de c . v . - mexico
flight alaska , inc . , d / b / a yute air alaska , inc . - united states of america
southeastern ohio air service , inc . d / b / a zanesville aviation - united states of america
m / s zexus air services pvt . ltd t / a zoom air - india
flight international . ( ejournal / emagazine , 1962 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : flight international . publisher : [ london ] : [ illiffe transport publications ] , a london : reed business information 1962 ] - oclc : 60626375
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the aircraft crashed on a hillside with a 10deg upslope , 1 , 5 miles from the siuna departure runway .
probable cause :
during the investigation , when the port propeller was being dismantled it was discovered that the distributor valve was broken from the base of the junction with the engine crankshaft , the first threads having broken . the break appeared to be due to fatigue . from the evidence , the rupture of the distributor valve of the port propeller appears to have been the main cause of the accident , additional factors being unfavourable terrain , wind and altitude conditions .
this map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight . the line between the airports does
distance from siuna airport to bonanza - san pedro airport as the crow flies is 38 km ( 24 miles ) .
distance from managua airport to san salvador / ilopango international airport as the crow flies is 362 km ( 226 miles ) .
probable cause :
according to eyewitnesses , the aircraft made a left turn , i . e . towards the volcano , and there were indications of abnormal conditions when it banked sharply in descent then in rapid climb ; this shows that some trouble arose in the operation of the controls , propellers or engines , which unexpectedly caused loss of control . it was impossible to ascertain the cause of this malfunctioning , owing to the condition of the total destruction of the aircraft after impact and fire .
» icao accident digest no . 9 , circular 56 - an / 51 ( 30 - 31 )
distance from san carlos airport to managua airport as the crow flies is 188 km ( 118 miles ) .
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nicaraguans are commemorating 25 years since left - wing sandinista guerrillas swept the country ' s us - backed dictator , general anastasio somoza , from power .
ministers , clergy and sandinista front members attended a rare ceremony for reconciliation in the capital managua .
tensions remain over the legacy of the sandinistas and the us - backed contra campaign against them in the 1980s .
the sandinistas , who remained in power until 1990 , introduced major reforms but deep poverty remains .
about 1 , 000 people attended monday ' s reconciliation ceremony at managua ' s cathedral .
it was the first time that the clergy has come together with representatives of the sandinista front , along with current members of the cabinet .
the head of the roman catholic church in nicaragua , cardinal miguel obando y bravo - who once denounced the sandinista front as a
serpent
- gave a sermon in which he asked for an attitude of forgiveness .
later daniel ortega , president from 1979 to 1990 and current head of the sandinista front , gave a reading .
the bbc ' s claire marshall in managua says that given the history of animosity between the leftist sandinistas and the church this mass is being seen as an important step forward .
thousands of people have been arriving on buses from the countryside all day ahead of monday evening ' s remembrance party in managua ' s main square - once called revolution plaza , today the plaza of the republic .
our correspondent adds that the atmosphere feels genuinely reconciliatory , and many youngsters are in the crowds .
on 19 july 1979 , thousands of nicaraguans gathered in the square upon hearing news of the fall of the somoza dynasty , which had ruled the country with american support since 1937 .
the success of the sandinista national liberation front ( fsln ) was greeted as a heroic revolution by some ; for others , it was seen as giving communists a dangerous toehold in central america .
us president ronald reagan , who took office in 1981 , was convinced that the sandinistas ' victory could spark revolution throughout the region and threaten the security of the united states .
he allocated funds to train and organise contra guerrillas who battled the sandinistas for much of the 1980s in a civil war that left thousands dead .
during their time in power , the sandinistas established the roots of a democracy . they also introduced extensive literacy and vaccination programmes .
ailsa henderson , a worker for aid agency christian aid in the country , says the revolution markedly improved conditions for nicaragua ' s poor - and that life would have been much worse without it .
but observers say neither the sandinistas nor the right - wing parties who succeeded them in office have really been able to tackle poverty or improve nicaragua ' s dire economic situation .
thousands from all over nicaragua have made the journey here . . . to join in these celebrations
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as their breed names often attest , dogs are a truly international bunch . let’s take a look at 12 different dog breed names and their backstories .
by mid 1965 the fleet was a mix of douglas piston - liners and c - 46s with a single dc - 6 flying the prestige miami and san salvador routes . the airline ' s first jet was a bac one - eleven leased from aer lingus in late 1966 whilst the airline awaited its own one - eleven 400 , which arrived in october 1967 . this plane was jointly operated with tan and served for 5 years .
from may 1972 several cv - 880s joined the fleet . the cv880s were an obvious sign of howard hughes involvement when in 1972 he took a 25 % shareholding in return for the lease of a pair of them . pan am ' s holding had decreased to 10 % by 1975 and the rest was owned by the somozas . by mid 1975 the pair of cv - 880s operated most international routes and the rest of the fleet comprised c - 46s and dc - 6s .
i ' m richard stretton : a fan of classic airliners and airlines who enjoys exploring their history through my collection of die - cast airliners . if you enjoy the site please donate whatever you can to help keep it running :
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historically , surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation , place of origin , clan affiliation , patronage , parentage , adoption , and even physical characteristics ( like red hair ) . many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to britain and ireland .
cage was founded in 2015 by a group of trained classical cambodian dancers from philadelphia . we seek to build a more sustainable and accessible pathway to the arts and activism .
currently , cage is offering performances for private and public events . we offer this service as a way of preserving and sharing our art and culture .
our logo was created by cynthia son , a member of cage . her art is featured in a lot of cage ' s branding and publications . the concept of our logo is to celebrate cage :
melinda son , program coordinator . melinda son is a second generation cambodian american . she is a trained cambodian classical dancer and vocalist . currently , melinda is a student at the community college of philadelphia and a mother of 2 boys . she is dedicated to preserving and amplifying the presence and beauty of cambodian arts and culture .
the transformation award provides unrestricted annual awards of $ 15 , 000 to women and trans * artists and cultural producers living in greater philadelphia who create art for social change and have done so for the past five years or more , demonstrating a long - term commitment to social change work . [ read more ]
are you thinking about applying for the art and change grant or the leeway transformation award but not sure of how to go about it ? join us for one of these information sessions to learn how to prepare your application for the 2018 grants .
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laid - back larnaca is a multi - faceted place to come on holiday . part divers’ paradise , part all - out party resort , part chilled - out resort town , it has enough of everything to keep everyone amused . . . with a climate that helps extend the season , squeezing every last ounce of value out of the sun .
those wishing to stay in luxury accommodation in larnaca should be looking at the coastal road outside of the town centre . for a peaceful option with rooms overlooking the sea try the golden bay beach hotel ( larnaca - dhekeleia road ) . for mid range and budget options the town centre near phinikoudes beach is the most likely area to find a room , with les palmiers ( athens street ) a comfortable choice . achilleos city hotel ( dimosthenous mitsi street ) offers spacious rooms for a reasonable price , while those on a budget could do much worse than the studio - style accommodation at tuck inn ( 95a athens avenue ) .
head to larnaca promenade for delicate handmade lace , local leather products and chewy cypriot loukoumia , a locally made sweet . every sunday there is an open - air market at ermou street from 10am to 1pm , which presents a great opportunity to have a scour for inexpensive local crafts . larnaca can be great for bargains on designer goods compared to other places in europe , with italian leather available at bagatt and jewellery at joakim ( both on zenonos kittieos street ) . elsewhere , calzedonia ( ermou street ) sells well - priced beachwear .
larnaca is a bastion of mediterranean flavours and value - for - money dining , while feasting lavishly on classic cypriot dishes shouldn ' t break the bank . for superb meze spreads try koutsonikolias tavern ( 2 agiou vassiliou street ) , or for levantine cuisine head to local favourite abu dany ( 3 lordou vyronos street ) . harbourside dionyssos fish tavern ( 7 agkyras street ) dishes up excellent seafood , or for a few drinks before or after dinner check out art café 1900 ( 6 stasinou street ) , complete with an extensive wine list and walls decked out with memorabilia .
a series of concerts showcase opera , orchestra , brass bands and chamber music at the annual larnaca festival of classical music .
check out the live action at the cyprus seniors cup , an eight - day tournament that is part of the tennis europe circuit .
larnaca ' s medieval fort is the backdrop to some of the larnaca summer festival’s events as its courtyard plays host to many of the dance , music and theatre performances put on by local and international artists , along with poetry readings and film screenings .
this festival celebrates authentic byzantine music with ecclesiastical choirs and musicians putting on the performances that are mostly staged in the agios lazaros church .
the larnaca amateurs artistic creation festival provides an excellent opportunity to check out the talents of local musicians , dancers and actors . a series of concerts , plays and events are put on at the larnaca municipal theatre by cyprus’ best performing artists , folk dance groups and musicians .
changes to the shopping bag allowance at stansted airport mean that you can indulge in some of the finest high street shopping right at the airport .
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stansted airport parking services offer multi storey , long stay , meet & greet and our low cost jetparks parking option .
the airline was formed in 1947 by private investors to operate cargo flights by contract . in 1950 , the company started scheduled passenger and cargo services . at
on 1 november 1991 , tan airlines merged with sahsa , adopting the latter name .
recorded six accidents or incidents for transportes aéreos nacionales , totalling at least 138 fatalities . the worst accident in the airline ' s history occurred in
following is a list of accidents / incidents experienced by the carrier ; the list includes events in which there were fatalities , the aircraft involved resulted damaged beyond repair , or both .
failed to gain height following takeoff from philip s . w . goldson international airport because of overloading .
crashed into mountainous terrain on approach to toncontín airport in bad weather . the aircraft was completing a san pedro sula –tegucigalpa cargo service .
roach , j and eastwood , a . b . , piston engined airliner production list , the aviation hobby shop , west drayton , middlesex , 2007 , isbn none .
transportes aereos nacionales ( tan airlines of honduras ) has acquired a 737 - 200 previously operated by pluna . the aircraft was delivered to tan in may following repossession by boeing .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 2 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
between 1940 and 1995 , taca bought the majority shares of the flag carrier airlines of guatemala ( aviateca ) , costa rica ( lacsa ) , and nicaragua ( nica ) , consolidating operations under a new brand name , grupo taca .
lacsa services were previously flown exclusively by airbus a320 family jetliners drawn from the pooled fleet of the former grupo taca . in 2008 , a new fleet of embraer 190 jets was introduced .
became the
hub of the americas
and the integration of several latin american airlines to the alliance , such as lacsa , aviateca , and nica took place . the alliance ended in 1998 after the six - year period established in the agreement expired .
in 1965 , cayman brac airways ( cba ) , a subsidiary of lacsa airlines , was operating twice weekly round trip service flown with a beech model 18 twin prop aircraft on a routing of grand cayman - little cayman - cayman brac - montego bay . according to the airline ' s may 1 , 1965 timetable , connecting service to miami via grand cayman was offered by lacsa , an airline based in costa rica , while additional connecting service to miami as well as to new york city was offered by pan am via montego bay . in 1968 , the government of the cayman islands purchased a controlling interest in cayman brac airways from lacsa and then formed cayman airways which has served the airport since that time .
beginning 1998 , taca / lacsa was one of the member airlines comprising the taca airlines alliance along with aviateca of guatemala , nica of nicaragua , sahsa of honduras , and five other regional airlines . in 2008 a new taca logo was introduced , followed by a new fleet of embraer 190 airplanes registered in costa rica and operated under the lacsa code . in 2009 , aerovías del continente americano s . a . ( avianca ) and taca announced their merger plans to be completed in 2010 . by 2013 , the airlines began operating as a single commercial brand using the avianca name .
in 1965 , cayman brac airways ( cba ) , a subsidiary of lacsa airlines , was operating twice weekly round trip service flown with a beech model 18 twin prop aircraft on a routing of grand cayman - little cayman ( flag stop only ) - cayman brac - montego bay . according to the airline ' s may 1 , 1965 timetable , connecting service to miami via grand cayman was offered by lacsa , an airline based in costa rica , while additional cba connecting service to miami as well as to new york city was offered by pan am via montego bay .
- 880 , c - 46 , bac 1 - 11 and boeing 727 for their domestic and international routes .
a new airline was founded in 1980 known as aeronica . the carrier flew c - 212 , c - 46 , dc - 3 , dc - 6 for cargo and domestic operations . as part of the legacy from the soviet union , the
- 154 also integrated the fleet . finally , the boeing 727 and boeing 720 were also part of their equipments serving destinations from abroad .
quoting 2travel2know2 ( reply 199 ) : cm can´t market a lir top product if it flies passengers to sjo and offrers land transportation to / from sjo . so no need to tie cm owners investment in a resort in costa rica with cm @ lir , plain and simple as that .
it ' s like the situation for copa airlines in santo domingo and punta cana , dominican republic where copa airlines offers independent flights . coincidentally , the driving time between these cities is like the same four hours between san jose and liberia .
american airlines , continental and delta are getting separate flights to both san jose and liberia on a daily basis at least .
back to the situation of copa airlines , we discussed before in the forum how the airline promoted beach resorts in saint maarten when their services were about to commence there .
quoting sjotolir ( reply 1 ) : coincidentally , the driving time between these cities is like the same four hours between san jose and liberia . american airlines , continental and delta are getting separate flights to both san jose and liberia
even the beaten - up cartel understood they needed mainline flights to liberia ( although 46 - seater turboprops 4x weekly was the best they could do ) or risk being left with the crumbs of the guanacaste market . . and it ' s not just the four - hour drive but also the fact that we may arguably have the worst roads in centam .
entre el fuerte y el débil , la libertad oprime . sólo la ley libera .
as previously stated , if cm starts lir it won ' t be because cm owners might have investments in that area resorts . there ' s a need to fly passengers direcly to lir from pty hub as it ' s the case rightnow with puj ( and somewhat sti for pop resorts ) . eventually passenger demand will make cm fly directly to mbj , not sure about vra too , so to fly leisure passengers right there to where the resorts are located .
quoting viaggiare ( reply 2 ) : and it ' s not just the four - hour drive but also the fact that we may arguably have the worst roads in centam .
i dunno about that . have you seen some of the roads here . . . . . why you think
when in doubt , hold on to your altitude . no - one has ever collided with the sky .
quoting 2travel2know2 ( reply 3 ) : it ' s the case rightnow with puj ( and somewhat sti for pop resorts ) .
i envisage a similar behavior if copa airlines would initiate flights to liberia in the future .
quoting 2travel2know2 ( reply 3 ) : if cm starts lir it won ' t be because cm owners might have investments in that area resorts .
is running successfully in some of their leisure destinations and as far as i know , they don ' t manage investments into the resorts from punta cana , cancun or orlando .
quoting viaggiare ( reply 2 ) : even the beaten - up cartel understood they needed mainline flights to liberia ( although 46 - seater turboprops 4x weekly was the best they could do ) or risk being left with the crumbs of the guanacaste market . .
] 4x weekly is likely utilized to cater passengers from north america through san salvador .
] route and american airlines is taking advantage increasing their frequencies in such route to 13x weekly in november .
drives some destinations where the ground transportation is not possible : san pedro and caye caulker .
some of the most beautiful beaches here in guanacaste have the worst roads leading up to them . . locals came up with a game years ago called
miss the pothole
which consists of snaking through the often - imaginary left and right lanes , then returning to the right when oncoming traffic approaches . 5c and
quoting sjotolir ( reply 5 ) : pm drives some destinations where the ground transportation is not possible : san pedro and caye caulker .
water taxis carry the bulk of the traffic at 1 / 10 the price .
from la prensa panama : urltoken desde el próximo 5 de noviembre la aerolínea europea klm volará toda la semana desde la ciudad de ámsterdam a panamá . los directivos de la compañía franco - holandesa señalan que la decisión de aumentar a de seis a siete sus frecuencias semanales se debe al crecimiento económico que ha experimentado el país , en especial por la llegada de más capital extranjero , además de su atractivo como destino turístico . la aerolínea , que vuela de domingo a viernes a panamá , registra una ocupación de 88 % en su avión md - 11 que tiene una capacidad para 285 pasajeros . registros de la empresa indican que los pasajeros que más utilizan la frecuencia entre panamá y ámsterdan son españoles , franceses , italianos , ingleses , asiáticos y centroamericanos . para el último trimestre del año también se espera que la compañía española iberia incremente de cuatro a cinco sus vuelos semanales a panamá so basically , kl will increase from 6w to 7w while keeping the md11 . also they are expecting ib to increase from 4w to 5w . very good news indeed ! ! !
quoting copa330200 ( reply 8 ) : desde el próximo 5 de noviembre la aerolínea europea klm volará toda la semana desde la ciudad de ámsterdam a panamá .
7x weekly with 772 would be amazing taking into account the 88 % of load facor in such route .
once it will happen , the possibility to see air france in central america would be larger .
quoting sjotolir ( reply 9 ) : once it will happen , the possibility to see air france in central america would be larger .
surprised those guys in the jamaican forum haven ' t picked up on it yet . . . . they too busy talking about usain bolt !
montego bay : another leisure station within the network of copa airlines and one more airport from the caribbean meaning a strong coverage in that geographical region .
we haven ' t picked up on it due to the fact that nothing was mentioned in the news regarding this service . it was expected , but the official start announcement has not yet been released .