e. j. korvette , also known as korvettes , was an american chain of discount department stores , founded in 1948 in new york city .

it was one of the first department stores to challenge the suggested retail price provisions of anti-discounting statutes .

founded by world war ii veteran eugene ferkauf and his friend , joe zwillenberg , e.j. korvette did much to define the idea of a discount department store .

the company failed to properly manage its business success , which led to decline and its 1980 bankruptcy and closure .

e . j . korvette

fact check : e . j . korvette - - eight jewish korean war veterans ?
what were they thinking # 25 e . j . korvette’s goes beyond what they knew
jewish currents | november 13 : eugene ferkauf and e . j . korvette ( s )
corsair photo electric exposure meter with case from e . j korvette ' s c . 1970
eugene ferkauf , founder of e . j . korvette chain , dies at 91 - the new york times
what were they thinking # 25 e . j . korvette’s goes beyond what they knew | that 401k site
and that’s where the legend of e . j . korvette and its founder , eugene ferkauf , really began .
used to buy albums from e j korvettes on goucher boulevard in towson , maryland .
christmas shopping at the e . j . korvette store in new york ; operation christmas s . . . hd stock footage
christmas shopping at the e . j . korvette store in new york ; operation christmas s . . . hd stock footage - youtube
i recall going to at least one e . j . korvette in the st . louis area , when i was a kid .
i also remember korvette having a fantastic record department which was generally better than anything around . in fact i bought my first record with my own money at e . j . korvette .
claim : the discount chain e . j . korvette took its name from a shortening of ‘eight jewish korean war veterans’ in honor of its founding partners .
q . : did the name of the old e . j . korvette department stores actually stand for ' ' eight jewish korean war veterans ' ' ?
did you know that e . j . korvettes stood for eight jewish korean war veterans ? thats a fact .
e . j . korvettes does not stand for eight jewish korean war veterans . it is an urban legand .
the e . j . korvette store in bath beach , brooklyn , in 1967 . prices at the nominally membership - only stores were 10 to 40 percent below more conventional competitors .
2 . the one i like to believe , but i don ' t think it ' s true - e . j . korvette = eight jewish korean ( war ) vets .
he also made no secret of how he came up with the name e . j . korvette . the “e” comes from the first letter of his first name , the “j” from that of joe swillenberg , an old tilden friend who became a top company executive . korvette is a deliberate misspelling of corvette , a reference to a class of naval ship , not the car .
to this day , e . j . korvette was my favorite discount store chain . i loved working and shopping in korvette ' s . possibly some of you remember that game show host bill cullen became their spokesman on tv ads at the time .
i have a pair of xam speakers here in silverton , oregon about as far from any e . j . korvette store as you can get and i bought them local . wonder where they been .
in 1977 . ten years later , t . j . maxx was acquired by
so there you have it . e . j . korvettes does not stand for eight jewish korean veterans , not does it stand for eleven jewish korean veterans .
hard work and business acumen parlay this humble beginning into an empire . the eight jewish korean veterans go on to live deserved lives of luxury as their chain , e . j . korvette , succeeds beyond their wildest dreams .
e . j . korvette ( initially a retailer of leather goods ) was founded in 1948 , two years before the korean war began , by a jewish world war ii veteran named eugene ferkauf . ferkauf explained the nomenclature thusly :
when this theater was built it was an expansion of the e . j . korvettes shopping center . and “e . j . korvettes” was not a person’s name , but rather , stood for “eight jewish korean war veterans” — that is , eight jewish army buddies who founded the shopping complex after their returning back home from the korean war .
e . j . korvette name origins according to korvette ' s founder , eugene ferkauf , who died on june 5 , 2012 , the name
e . j . korvette
was coined as a combination of the initials of its founders ( eugene and joe ) and a re - spelling of the naval term corvette , a nimble sailing warship and later world war ii sub - destroyer . ferkauf ' s claim and the name pre - dating the korean war by three years contradict an urban legend it was an acronym for
eight ( or eleven ) jewish korean war veterans
.
eugene ferkauf , the founder of the e . j . korvette chain of discount department stores , whose 1950s strategy of low prices , quick turnover and high volume helped shape today’s retail landscape , died on tuesday at his home in manhattan . he was 91 .
i had a name picked out for the store , e . j . korvette . “e” is for eugene , my first name , and “j” stands for joe swillenberg , my associate and my pal . as for “korvette , ” it was originally meant to be spelled with a “c” after the canadian marine sub - destroyer , simply because i thought the name had a euphonious ring . when it came time to register the name , we found it was illegal to use a naval class identity , so we had to change the spelling to “k . ”
“i had a name picked out for the store , e . j . korvette . ‘e’ is for eugene , my first name , and ‘j’ stands for joe swillenberg , my associate and my pal . as for ‘korvette , ’ it was originally meant to be spelled with a ‘c’ after the canadian marine sub - destroyer , simply because i thought the name had a euphonious ring . when it came time to register the name , we found it was illegal to use a naval class identity , so we had to change the spelling to ‘k . ' ”
kenny miller paid no attention to my comment on the waldbaums ' website so i ' ll pay no attention to the rules on the e . j . korvettes site . i ' m a rebel !
thanks to its discounting , e . j . korvette’s expanded into the suburbs of new york , philadelphia , detroit , and chicago . they expanded the products they sold by initaly subcontracting sales of home furnishings , furniture , and carpet . the problems with e . j . is when they decided to end the practice of subcontracting sales and get into the business of selling furniture , fashion , carpet , and household goods . the problem is that korvette’s had no idea how to sell these products and they failed to focus on their bread and butter : appliances and electronics .
korvette - wikipedia . e . korvette , also known as korvettes , was an american chain of discount department stores , founded in 1 . new york city . it was one of the first department stores to challenge the suggested retail price provisions of anti - discounting statutes . korvette did much to define the idea of a discount department store .
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eugene ferkauf sold his share in the e . j . korvette chain ( which then encompassed 45 department stores and 60 supermarkets ) for more than $ 20 million in 1966 . the company went out of business in the early 1980s , and ferkauf passed away in 2012 at the age of 91 .
when mr . ferkauf sold his share in e . j . korvette in 1966 for more than $ 20 million , the company had 45 department stores and 60 supermarkets . it went out of business in the early 1980s . mr . ferkauf gave much of his fortune to cultural and jewish charities .
? in one scene we see peggy return from a curtain shopping expedition with a bag from e . j . korvette ; later , megan and her mother board the elevator with an armload of boxes and a bonwit teller bag . at first glance these might seem like arbitrary props , but like any of
in the history of american retailing , the e . j . korvette story is a fairly brief chapter . this brevity does not do justice to the tremendous , arguably unparalleled influence the company and its visionary founder , eugene ferkauf , wielded during its halcyon years – the mid - fifties through the early nineteen - sixties .
e . j . korvette was founded in 1948 ( two years before the korean war ) by a jewish world war ii veteran named eugene ferkauf . ferkauf explains the nomenclature thusly : â€œi had a name picked out for the store , e . j . korvette . â€˜eâ€™ is for eugene , my first name , and â€˜jâ€™ stands for joe swillenberg , my associate and my pal . as for â€˜korvette , â€™ it was originally meant to be spelled with a â€˜câ€™ after the canadian marine sub - destroyer , simply because i thought the name had a euphonious ring . when it came time to register the name , we found it was illegal to use a naval class identity , so we had to change the spelling to â€˜k . â€™â€
september 2 . 01 . 3 ) . korvette took its name from a shortening of .
ej korvette was a chain of discount department stores founded in 1948 and closed in 1980 .
electronic discount retailing , also called e - tailing ; sells at discount prices over the internet ; large assortment of merchandise ; good service ; generally delivered by mail or parcel service ( e . g . , amazon . com ) .
moderate width and very low depth of assortments ; average to good quality ; lower continuity ; low prices ; little atmosphere and few services ; some limited promotion ( e . g . , t . j . maxx and burlington coat factory ) .
last year saw the passing of one of the most influential figures in retailing history , one who deserves more recognition than he receives today , i’m afraid . eugene ferkauf , founder of the legendary e . j . korvette chain of promotional department stores , passed away on june 5 , 2012 in new york city at the age of 91 .
the roots of the company name itself extend to ferkauf’s brooklyn boyhood . “e . j . ” stands for eugene ( ferkauf ) and joe zwillenberg , friend and korvette employee from the very beginning , and “korvette” is inspired by the corvette , a class of world war ii warships operated by the royal canadian navy . a popular , and false , story behind the name’s origin soon arises - that e . j . korvette stands for “eight jewish korean war veterans . ” ( where the myth started remains a mystery , but it endures to this day . evidence of that turned up in nbc nightly news’ report on ferkauf’s passing , where brian williams made mention of it and briefly outlined the name’s true origin . personally , i was just delighted to see the story covered on network news . )
looks like the spur track off the northernmost track just west of the floral park station leading to the
warehouse
buildings shown in this map ( nos . 3 , 4 , and 5 ) . legend says the warehouses were e . j . korvette co . and kingsway plumbing supply co . : urltoken . . . 7 - 1958 . jpg
korvette ' s decline has been generally attributed to inconsistent or poor management . by 1966 , korvette ' s merged with spartan industries as spartan’s management tried to turn the chain around , but by 1971 korvette again changed hands and was owned by arlen realty . they failled miserably at running korvette as by 1980 they had run the chain into the ground ! i was especially sad to see them go .
e . j . korvette was an american chain of discount department stores , founded in 1948 in new york city . it is notable as one of the first department stores to challenge the suggested retail price provisions of anti - discounting statutes . it is also notable for its failure to manage its business success which led to decline and its 1980 bankruptcy and closure .
never heard of , or shopped at , a korvette discount store and now no one ever will .
p . s . to ltot : e . j . korvette’s showed up somewhere between ‘55 - ' 56 or so . used to buy my hardcover ( w / dust jacket ) hardy boys books there for a whoppin’ 88 cents ! and lps were sold at a decent price in the early ‘60s , like $ 2 . 94 each . not too shabby fo’ us po ' folk…
a couple of their stores had a grocery department which later became hills korvette . the store brands was food club , topcare , hills , hills korvette , and pantry pride which also took over in the mid 70s .
a major hassle occurred when korvette’s longtime furniture lessee , the h . l . klion company , imploded . lacking the infrastructure to cope with korvette’s continuous expansion and crippled by two labor disputes , klion’s furniture deliveries became hit - and - miss , resulting in a whopping $ 2 million in customer order cancellations in 1964 , many of those with custom - ordered upholstery . the crux of the matter , of course , was that the signs all over the department read “e . j . korvette” , ( the customers most likely never even heard of klion ) , so ferkauf and company were compelled to act in order to preserve korvette’s good name and to attempt to ameliorate the damage . in august 1965 , korvette took over the klion operation , and around the same time bought out their carpet lessee , the federal carpet company , as well .
given its size and scope , wal - mart’s ultimate demise may seem inconceivable , but the death of a bargain retailer is not unprecedented . > from the original giant retail empire founded by frank woolworth in utica , n . y . , in 1879 to regional powers such as new york’s e . j . korvette and pennsylvania’s fisher’s big wheel , many discount retailers have been discarded into history’s dustbin .
korvette is a 72 - store retail chain that operates only in quebec . they are not related with the former
was a discount department store ( not unlike a modern - day wal - mart or target ) , so it makes sense that ever - sensible peggy would do her shopping here . the e . j . korvette chain ( also known as korvette’s ) was founded in new york city in the late 1940s with a store on third avenue and 45th street . the chain grew rapidly in the 1950s and 60s , peaking with a total of 58 retail locations in various parts of the country . korvette’s focused primarily on the suburbs , placing many of its discount superstores in strip malls and areas which were easily accessible from major highways .
j hyde : dallas galleria is not as upscale as it used to be . i haven’t been there in years…but can tell by the . . .
the company was e . j . korvette’s and they started with a store in manhattan that sold luggage , household appliances , and some jewelry . their prices were a third off retail and the way they ran around the anti - discounting laws on the books was creating a “membership” program that handed out membership cards so that the stores could be treated as a retail cooperative , thereby skirting the anti - discounting laws .
well , i ' m happy to report that the
korvette
name is still alive and well . . .
stone , kenneth e . ( 1995 ) . competing with the retail giants : how to survive in the new retail landscape . new york : wiley .
the year 1962 was a momentous year in discount retailing . kmart ( reincarnated from an 1899 five and dime store chain , itself modeled after woolworth ) , wal - mart , and target were all founded that year , as was woolco , woolworth ' s discount division . none of these was the discount store pioneer , having been preceded by e . j . korvette , mammoth mart , zayre , and vornado , among others .
the painting is a very accurate portrayal of the logo , which i agree looks great . they later dropped the
e . j .
and added an
s
at the end to just say
korvettes
on the storefronts in a fairly plain lettered logo . the script was much more interesting .
the end of alexander ' s highlights the extraordinary difficulties the retail industry has had in the new york area . some of the proudest names in the business have closed in the last decade - - gimbels , b . altman and may ' s , as well as ohrbach ' s , s . klein and e . j . korvette . others , including bloomingdale ' s and macy ' s , filed for bankruptcy , but survived .
this is a cool old 8mm reel and case . the tin case bares the name e . j . korvette which is a long gone department store . the 7 inch reel bares the name compco corp and has a 400 foot capacity . both are in great condition . the case does have one small ding in it but it does not affect the function . please use the zoom feature for a closer look . e . j . korvette , also known as korvettes , was an american chain of discount department stores , founded in 1948 in new york city . in 1980 , they declared bankruptcy and on december 24 , 1980 , they closed all of their remaining 17 stores . depending on location actual shipping charges may be less and difference will be refunded upon shipment . check out the audio \ film \ photography section for other cool items urltoken ; _ id = 20085831 from a smoke free home
korvette’s was one of the original anchor stores at the northway mall . it was on the farthest east side of the mall .
in the fall of 2008 , i wrote a series of short posts on the history of e . j . korvette . i’ve received many responses via site comments and emails from folks who worked at korvette since the posts first appeared , and over the years they’ve continued to come in . for quite a few of them , it was one of their first jobs , where they worked in high school or college . some worked there for just a year or two , yet looking back now from their late fifties or sixties , virtually all consider their tenure at korvette to be among their happiest experiences . if their stories are any indication , it’s safe to say that ferkauf was very well - liked and respected by his employees .
to get around fair - trade laws ( price maintenance ) intended to protect small store owners , ferkauf declared korvette a membership organization , not a retail store . the store did not invoke a fee like today’s sam’s club , costco , and others . membership cards were handed out to every single shopper who came through the doors . this approach enabled him to persuade distributors to sell him wholesale merchandise at a discount . throughout the 1960s to 1970s , the chain expanded the number of stores and product offerings . ferkauf sold his share in e . j . korvette in 1966 for more than $ 20 million . by that time , the company had 45 department stores and 60 supermarkets . korvette cities measured a whopping 200 , 000 - plus square feet and consisted of a “promotional department store” with an adjoining korvette supermarket , furniture / carpet center , and tire store .
mr . beach continued :
it is the same elevation as main street at the richardson on the corner of temple street . it was envisioned as an extension of the main street retail center that included g . fox , sage - allen , brown thomson , e . j . korvette and others . there was to be a land bridge joining the two centers . it was to go down temple street , from main street to the plaza ' s clock tower .
but it proved to be a disaster from the start , with zero personal compatibility between ferkauf and hilliard coan , hills’ former chairman , and their respective teams . with coan installed as chairman and ferkauf as president and ceo of the combined organization ( still under the name e . j . korvette , inc . ) , things bumped along uncomfortably for just over a year . it all came to a head in may 1966 , when coan tried to force ferkauf out of the company .
korvette also led the charge toward building in suburban locations , often arriving ahead of their department store competitors , including macy’s and gimbels . by the early 60’s , the company was building huge 200 , 000 - plus square feet “korvette cities” , consisting of a “promotional department store” ( they avoided the term “discount store” like the plague ) with an adjoining korvette supermarket , furniture / carpet center and tire store .
boone , louis e . , and kurtz , david l . ( 2004 ) . contemporary marketing ( 11th ed . ) . mason , oh : thomson south - western .
my mom worked at hills supermarket in woodbridge , nj e . j . was seperated by the outdoor home improvement section that looks identical to the one in the picture ! is that woodbridge , nj ? i got my aurora ho slot cars there , my 5 sp . iverson muscle bike and the 1st monkees album there etc . . great memories and those pretzels yum
but korvette ' s was innovative in avoiding the anti - discounting provisions of the robinson - patman act , and undercutting the suggested retail price on such expensive items as appliances and luxury pens . korvette used . in doing so , korvette ' s was able to accept deep discounts from suppliers , something that competing department stores , such as macy ' s and gimbels , could not do . in fact , macy ' s and others filed numerous . the lawsuits helped korvette ' s by calling attention to prices so low that competitors thought them illegal . founder eugene ferkauf attributed his idea for membership cards and deep discounts to luggage wholesaler charles wolf . korvette store was located between third and lexington avenues on 4 .
he keyed in on the entertainment culture like no one else . it was reported that one of the eulogists at ferkauf’s funeral related the story of buying his first beatle record at e . j . korvette . no doubt this story rings true for legions of record - buying fans ( of the beatles and every other artist imaginable ) in those years . he hired a record producer , david rothfeld , to run the operation , and throughout the 1960’s and beyond , korvette easily had the top - selling record departments of any mass - marketer in the country . rothfeld’s group also developed a hugely successful electronics line under the house brand “xam” . ( if you’re curious as to what that stood for , it was “max” spelled backwards . max was korvette’s audio equipment buyer’s cat . now you know . )
his solution was to declare korvette a membership organization , not a retail store . this enabled him to persuade distributors to sell him wholesale merchandise at a discount , which he would then further discount . members had only to show membership cards that korvette passed out in front of its stores .
northway’s anchors were ej korvette ( later something else ) , jo - ann fabrics , kids “r” us , lechmere , wards , and steinbach .
of note was e . j . korvette ' s venture into the home entertainment business . the retailer established a rather out of context series of high - end audio salons within selected stores . korvettes went so far as to market its own
xam
brand of stereo receivers , amplifiers ( some manufactured by roland electronics of japan ) , television sets , and speakers . at a number of the retail locations the audio department was , on dollar per square foot basis , one of the more profitable departments in the store .
in 1979 , korvette’s was purchased by the french corporation agache - willot group . initially , they closed korvette’s least profitable stores and began selling off merchandise , fixtures , equipment , and real estate . in 1980 , they declared bankruptcy and closed the remaining 17 stores in december of that year .
from 1971 to 1979 , korvette ' s was owned by arlen realty , a land development company that used korvette ' s 50 stores as a source of cash flow . under arlen ' s ownership , korvette ' s stores deteriorated and lost market share relative to other retailers to the point that the company was worth more for its real estate assets ( such as its ownership or leasehold interests in valuable locations ) than its retail sales . during this period , new york area korvette ' s stores advertised heavily on local television , using popular game show host bill cullen as a spokesman .
broad , but inconsistent , assortment of general merchandise and apparel ; low prices ; little atmosphere and service ; some limited promotion ( e . g . , big lots and tuesday morning ) .
i grew up hearing that e . j . korvette was supposed to have stood for the words ,
eight jewish korean veterans
, but found out years ago that this representation of the original owners was an urban legend . the truth was that the founders eugene ferkauf and joe zwillenberg created the name from a combination of their first name and a change in the spelling of a naval term corvette , which was the name of a canadian marine sub - destroyer used in world war ii . i think one of their contributions or defects depending on which side you come down on , is that korvette was one of the chains that led the fight for openly testing sunday closing laws !
the concept of contemporary discount retailing is often credited to e . j . korvette’s , an east coast retail chain that operated between 1948 and 1980 . however frank woolworth ( f . w . woolworth ) “was the pioneer of price - driven retail , building an empire founded on chain stores and volume retailing . sam walton ( wal - mart ) applied its concepts with his own twist . walton’s example influenced many other great leaders and the development of their companies , including ray kroc ( mcdonald’s ) , bernie marcus and arthur blank ( home depot ) , and howard schultz ( starbucks ) .
in the early sixties , ferkauf found himself the subject of a fair amount of media attention as his company ascended . by all appearances , e . j . korvette looked to be on the verge of breaking out into a national chain . as the decade rolled on , however , things changed drastically – the company ran into trouble , the dreams were scaled back , and with ferkauf’s departure in 1968 , “korvettes” ( as it was then officially known ) began to wane rapidly . his influence continued , but more on the discount industry as a whole rather than on the company he founded .
the original anchors at mohawk mall were j . m . field ( replaced by bradlee’s ) , a pantry pride grocery - store annex to j . m . field ( replaced by price chopper ) , woolworth’s ( replaced by marshall’s ) , the boston store ( replaced by media play ) , and montgomery ward . there was originally a two - screen cinema at the mall , which eventually expanded to three and then seven screens .
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in 1979 , korvette ' s was purchased by the agache - willot group of france , which initially closed korvette ' s least profitable stores and began selling off merchandise , fixtures , equipment , and real estate . in 1980 , they declared bankruptcy and on december 24 , 1980 , they closed all of their remaining 15 stores .
my husband and i were just looking through a drawer of old items and found the e . j . korvette , inc . , badge he had when he was in security at the store in bethesda / rockville maryland in the mid 60 ' s . i wanted to find out if korvettes still existed and found this site . we used to go to that store when were married in 1965 until we left in 1971 . congratulations to the ferkauf ' s on their accomplishments , and a belated happy birthday to you sir ! ! ! hope you and your wife have many more years together !
when its customers began moving out of the city , alexander ' s moved with them , establishing beachheads in white plains and paramus , n . j . , offering middle - class shoppers quality goods at bargain prices .
according to former korvette vice president eve nelson , ferkauf was prone to “crushes” on companies , an assertion well supported in his 1977 autobiography “going into business : how to do it , by the man who did it” . ( half korvette history , half tutorial for aspiring retailers , it’s a fun and informative read . ) from the moment korvette hit the big time in the early 50’s , it seems he was constantly involved in merger talks with one firm or another , often multiple companies at once .
the look of discount stores also began to change in the 1950s as leading discounters ( e . g . , masters , two guys , korvette ) took on a department - store - like appearance by adding household goods , apparel , and other soft goods .
mill store
discount operations further contributed to this change as they began to surface with their base of soft goods .
korvette played a major role in the downfall of “fair trade” laws – where goods manufacturers were allowed to set retail prices ( today’s laws only allow them to “suggest” prices ) . to a large extent , these laws protected traditional department stores , who sold at typical 40 % markup versus the discounters who often sold at margins of 20 % or less . on hundreds of occasions , korvette was sued by manufacturers for undercutting their mandated prices . korvette’s response in nearly every case was to switch to a different manufacturer of the same product . the court cases also resulted in a ton of free publicity for korvette , burnishing their image as an advocate for the poor , hapless , overcharged consumer .
packard , e . j . korvette , rca , drexel burnham lambert , pabst , schwinn . once industry leaders , these companies all suffered devastating setbacks because of one pivotal mistake . sobel portrays 15 glaring and enlightening product flops and management foibles . he reveals the histories and management philosophies of the companies involved , the alternative courses of action available to ( and recognized by ) the managers at the time , and the reasoning behind the crucial choices that were made . in the process , he shows business professionals how they can learn from the mistakes of their predecessors , and guide their own companies onto the path of prosperity .
between 1966 and 1980 , korvette’s was dying and through a number of transactions , started to close stores and exit locations until they closed their last 17 stores in december 1980 . korvette’s was a pioneer in discounting , but losing focus of what they sold best and trying to be the next department store was a disaster that led to its closure .
originally , the shopping center was typical of the strip malls that grew up along roads like central park avenue after world war ii , as more people moved to the suburbs , said malachy kavanagh , a spokesman for the international council of shopping centers , a trade organization based in manhattan . those first strip malls were service - oriented and anchored by a grocery store , with a drugstore , beauty salon and dry cleaner part of the usual tenant mix . the midway ' s first tenants included e . j . korvette ; s . s . kresge ; datich shopwell , a grocery store ; miles shoes ; and sunray drugs .
i enjoyed reading your recollections of fulton st . , brooklynjim . i remember the stores that you mentioned including may’s although e . j . korvette was my favorite . it was affordable . i lived on stockton st . , off tompkins ave . and the myrtle ave . el was around the corner from me . i recall passing the peerless theate on my way to fulton st . but never went in there . it looked like a ‘dump’ although i am a ‘dump’ fan . frequented many in my day . however , the rko albee was the cream of the crop and i’ll always remember those enjoyable days i spent there .
in addition , improvement of operational efficiency is continually sought to control costs . modern discount stores may range from specialty shops ( such as discount bookstores ) to major discount chains that typically sell a wide variety of products including hard goods ( e . g . , major electronics , automobile supplies , toys , and small appliances ) , soft goods ( e . g . , apparel , bedding , and bath products ) , groceries , and other general merchandise .
moderate number of product lines but a low depth of assortments ; carry manufacturer ' s brands bought discount wholesale at very low prices ; limited atmosphere ; few services ; minimal promotion ( e . g . , cub foods ) .
in 1 . 95 . 6 , korvette ' s had six stores , including stores in philadelphia and harrisburg , pennsylvania . by 1 . 95 . 8 , it had 1 .
geeez… . no one has noticed the huge korvette ? ? ? ? ba - da - bum… . sorry had to say it . there were a few korvettes in the chicago area .
e . j . korvette , inc . was founded by brooklyn - born eugene ferkauf in may 1948 with a single , cramped second floor store in manhattan , where the main product sold was luggage . the store’s name ( contrary to the popular legend which said it stood for “eight jewish korean war veterans” ) was derived from ferkauf’s first initial along with that of joe zwillenberg , a childhood friend , who would join ferkauf in his new business . “corvette” was the name of a class of canadian naval ship . the name was modified in deference to canadian naval regulations of the era which apparently forbade commercialization of military nomenclature ( this was several years before general motors’ corvette ) .
the late author david halberstam , in his masterwork the fifties , an essential read for anyone interested in that decade’s massive effect on late 20 th century american culture – consumer , popular and otherwise , devotes an entire chapter to the rise of e . j . korvette . halberstam sets up a memorable scene : “as ferkauf looked at the potato fields of westbury , he experienced a vision of the new suburbia : a sparkling , huge new store with vast parking facilities . ” ( surely you’ve heard of “westbury potatoes” , just like idaho or maine potatoes , right ? well , no one else has either ; that’s why they built a shopping center on top of the place . )
he had no problem with quick decisions . on his second date with estelle silverstein , he presented her with a small suitcase engraved e . s . f . , explaining , “that’s what your name will be because you’re going to marry me . ”
yeah , i was surprised by the korvette store . i thought it was a new york thing . i don’t think pittsburgh ever had one , so i would not have expected one in illinois !
extensive width and depth of assortments ; average - to - good - quality products , often less fashionable ; very competitive prices ; average atmosphere and minimal services ; significant advertising ( e . g . , wal - mart , target , and kmart ) .
for the most part , ferkauf pursued the talks with a singular goal in mind : to bolster korvette in areas where it was weak , creating a combination where both parties brought complementary strengths to the table . in the early years , when korvette was strong in appliances and other hard goods but lacking in soft goods experience , he focused on department stores with an emphasis on fashion at discount prices .
i bought my first stereo there : a rolecor receiver ( korvette exclusive ) , xam speakers ( very bad ) and a garrard turntable ( genuine walnut grained vinyl ) , around $ 50 i think .
wow ! e . j . korvettes ! what a story . . . i even have a book entitled ' the rise and fall of e . j . korvettes ' . and , . . . i even worked at the ejk store in rockville , maryland from 74 thru 79 . shoes , sporting goods , stereos and tvs ( xam baby ! ) . what ever happened to marty agins , sal catellano , burke sommers , paul moduleski , reggie , ted , and other guys like steve abundi , paul moreno , shelby kaplan , chet bigelow , dave daggett , charlie miller , nan mullen , mark rubin , sandy ambert , kym densel , joe leotta , al nishi , kim biser , jack ilgenfritz , sherry wilkenson , loretta gruber , rick stein , dave dupree , lane mcconoughey , tom ricucci , tim bieber , sal triolo , denise munson , joanne wachsman , anita ambert , ralph gordon , shawn gordon , dale riley , jimmie vansopark , laura adkins , matt vieman , and that crazy dude in the blue security uniform . . . mike somebody .
korvette ' s expanded into the chicago , northern virginia , and detroit areas in the 1 . it successfully disputed the state and local sunday closing ordinances and laws . once those barriers were broken , many other retailers opened on sunday . decline and closure . korvette ' s venture into the home entertainment business . the retailer established a rather out of context series of high - end audio salons within selected stores .
it displaced earlier five and dime retailers and preceded later discount stores , like walmart , and warehouse clubs such as costco . korvette ' s founder , eugene ferkauf , began his discounting career in a 4 .
when visiting my grandparents in berwyn , i used to go to the korvette store at the corner of harlem & cermak at least once every visit . that place had everything , and a great toy department .
elizabeth arden ( elizabeth arden ) and estée lauder ( estée lauder ) pioneered the cosmetics industry for women , while j . c . hall ( hallmark ) created the greeting card industry into what we know it to be today , including the celebration of valentine’s and secretary’s day .
remember the korvette ' s store in arlington heights illinois on route 12 . just south on rand rd . was a turn style store . across the street was jack in the box on rand & palatine rd .
david - thanks so much , i really appreciate that . it ' s a shame , in a way , that korvette didn ' t make it out west , but they had a great influence over the entire industry , and no doubt the leaders of the big california discounters were following what korvette was doing . for sure , a side effect of the fair trade laws was the huge growth of knockoffs and off brands .
korvette was a wonderful company to work for ( 22 years ) unfortunately the stores were too big , the average store was 250 . 000 square foot , they could not do the sales to support such big stores
rossy is a korvette - like chain too with small discount stores in rural towns . they operate mostly in eastern canada . they sell clothing , furniture , seasonal , gifts , toys , home products and more .
sometimes referred to as value retailers ; limited assortment of foods and general merchandise ; caters to the lower - income market ; low prices ; little atmosphere and few services ; minimal promotion ( e . g . , dollar tree , family dollar store , and dollar general ) .
while the first e . j . korvette store was located on 45th street in manhattan , the first of the type of store i remember were opened in 1954 as the stores generally expanded into the suburbs . by 1956 , they had six stores , and eventually they maxed out at around 58 stores . the thing i remember about the one i went to in the st . louis area , was that it was a two story building with cashiers in individual departments like that of a department store . it also included a separate building which housed it’s own furniture store with commissioned salespeople . their furniture store took and delivered custom furniture orders of high quality furniture . korvette also included a full supermarket , a pharmacy and a large hardware department that even sold paneling . their clothing was generally a better grade than found at other discount stores of the time as korvette tried to compete with the department stores , but were never quite successful with the strategy . they also had a tire center and a leased pet department that i worked in . the pet departments located in korvette ' s sold full breed dogs , complete with papers . they also sold tropical fish , snakes , monkeys and tropical birds . on more than one occasion , there were monkeys and snakes that got loose and made their way around the store until they were caught . i don ' t think the store managers were ever to fond of the pet department !
ferkauf , who sold his korvette stock at the time of the transaction , stayed on briefly in a largely advisory role , but by 1968 he’d had enough and decided to retire . a historic chapter was now closed . sadly , in the midst of the tumult of korvette’s previous few years , harvard’s malcolm mcnair had removed ferkauf from his “greatest merchants” list . but i submit that he still belongs there , for several important reasons :
googled the following info below . come on guys this took about 5 minutes and i grew up using a slide rule . . . i went to google : found men on the move self - storage facility in floral park address , than to bing maps bird ' s eye view . matched this against the maps at : urltoken . . . alpark . htm 1958 siding for e . j . korvettes and kingsway plumbing supply lirr 1966 map universal millwork , h . berlind inc and kingsway plumbing supply h . berlind , inc . was engaged in the wholesale distribution of household goods and related products with its principal place of business at floral park , new york . found via google quiz : why did korvette need a rail siding and where did it ' s name come from ?
the sold merchandise was then shipped to delivery warehouses in east paterson and pennsauken , new jersey , and jessup , maryland for final prep and delivery . this well - managed furniture distribution group was active until it closed at the end of 1 . by 1 . 96 . 6 , korvette ' s had begun to decline and chose to merge with spartan industries , a soft goods retailer . eugene ferkauf was eased out of the company leadership , and spartan managers attempted to revive the company . from 1 . 97 . 1 to 1 . korvette ' s was owned by arlen realty and development corporation , a land development company that used korvette ' s 5 .
by 1966 , korvette ' s had begun to decline and chose to merge with spartan industries , a soft goods retailer . eugene ferkauf was eased out of the company leadership , and spartan managers attempted to revive the company .
as mentioned , by the mid - 60’s korvette’s “supermarket problem” had reached a critical point , but at the end of 1964 it seemed the solution lay right in korvette’s backyard . hills supermarkets , a long island - based operator of 40 - plus stores ( mostly located on the island ) was growing fast . best of all , they had recently opened a state - of - the - art distribution center smack dab in the middle of korvette’s core territory . the song of synergy , complete with harps and celesta , was in the air , and in february 1965 a merger between the two companies was consummated . nelson riddle couldn’t have arranged things better , it seemed .
1945 ) , discount merchandising grew rapidly . this explosion in growth was fueled by consumer bargain hunting in the face of rising prices , the pent - up demand for goods created by wartime shortages , and the establishment of homes and families by returning gis . many consider e . j . korvette , opened in 1948 by eugene ferkauf , as the first discount store . soon regional discount stores , such as zayres , arlans , gibson ' s and two guys , sprang up across the country to satisfy the demand for consumer goods , including television sets and other new products . many of these new discounters sold their merchandise out of other existing businesses or set up in low - cost facilities such as abandoned factories and lofts . despite these often makeshift origins , the modern discount industry was beginning to take shape .
i never worked at any of the stores but i used to walk to the store at 87th & cicero in oak lawn , il . i bought my first records , both 45 ' s and lp ' s at this store . actually , i probably bought every lp between 1965 and 1979 at korvette ' s . my first credit card was from korvette ' s in 1975 because i couldn ' t get one from sears . i bought a new 19
color tv for myself and my new wife for our new apartment . now that i think about it , i ' ll bet i did all of my shopping at korvette ' s until it closed in 1980 .
ferkauf , still korvette’s largest stockholder by a wide margin , hastily put together a meeting with his friend charles bassine , the chairman of spartans industries , inc . , with the goal of merging the two companies . the net effect , of course , would mean a shift in the balance of power at korvette . spartans operated two discount department store chains , spartan and atlantic mills . they also owned a huge garment manufacturing operation in tennessee ( bassine’s original business ) , which annually churned out zillions of men’s sport shirts ( connoisseurs’ items for today’s thrift - shopping hipsters ) and other clothing items for their own discount stores and just about everyone else’s . in just about a month , the deal was done . korvette was now a division of spartans industries , and coan and his deputies were shown the door . the hills / korvette food stores would soon be sold off altogether , most to pueblo supermarkets .
owned and operated by the manufacturer ; often located in outlet malls ; moderate width but poor depth of assortment ; some irregular merchandise ; lower continuity ; very low prices ; some atmosphere and service ; some promotion ( e . g . , bass , levi ' s , and totes ) .
those enthralled by the rumor found its premise quite plausible in view of korvette’s emergence in the post - korean war , the prevalence of jewish entrepreneurs in the retailing industry , and the fact that the chain did initially employ a number of the founder’s army buddies . besides , no one had ever heard of a mr . korvette associated with this discount chain of appliances and general merchandise , which lent credence to the idea that the name must have been coined .
mass merchandising . the first type of mass - merchandising operation was the department store . the second was the chain store , which included variety stores and
junior department stores .
the third was the mail - order house . these patterns for mass merchandising remained relatively constant through the 1920s . the genesis of discount retailers , known as
undersellers ,
also occurred in the early 1900s . s . kline ( 1912 ) , j . w . may ( 1924 ) , and alexander ' s ( 1928 ) were the early undersellers of soft goods ( e . g . , apparel ) .
often referred to as wholesale clubs ; charge a modest membership fee ; broad assortment of food and nonfood items ; lower continuity ; low to very low prices ; some atmosphere and service ; some promotion ( e . g . , costco , sam ' s , and bj ' s wholesale ) .
during this period , new york area korvette ' s stores advertised heavily on local television , using popular game show host bill cullen as a spokesman . in 1 . 97 . 9 , korvette ' s was purchased by the agache - willot group of france . in 1 . 98 . 0 , they declared bankruptcy and on december 2 . ferkauf ' s claim and the name pre - dating the korean war by three years contradict an urban legend it was an acronym for .
small appliances ( sold at very low markup ) were soon added to korvette’s product mix , and after only two years sales passed the $ 2 million mark . by 1957 , nine years after its founding , sales were at $ 71 million , and only five years later were over $ 237 million . by the end of the 50 ' s , korvette had begun to place a huge emphasis on clothing and and other soft goods , which helped fuel the company ' s rise .
arguably it was the opening of korvette’s fifth avenue store in new york city , on march 15 , 1962 , that prompted the brightest spotlight on ferkauf and his company . though untypical in many ways – a stately , seven - story roman columned building in the heart of manhattan’s toniest shopping district as compared to korvette’s standard sleek , sprawling suburban shopping cities ( need more “s” words , there , don’t you think ? ) – the sheer boldness of the move caught the media’s fancy .


for example , the string ( enclosed by apostrophes ) ' this is a test ' would be changed , after trimming , to ' this is a test '

trimming ( computer programming )

in computer programming , trimming ( trim ) or stripping ( strip ) is a string manipulation in which leading and trailing whitespace is removed from a string .
in computer programming , trimming ( trim ) or stripping ( strip ) is a string manipulation in which leading and trailing whitespace is removed from a string .
. this was used in the early years of computer programming when writing on coding forms . keypunch operators immediately recognized the symbol as an
explicit space
.
following are examples of trimming a string using several programming languages . all of the implementations shown return a new string and do not alter the original variable .
one sixth of an em wide . in computer typography , sometimes equated to u + 2009 .
xslt 2 . 0 includes regular expressions , providing another mechanism to perform string trimming .
implementing string trimming ( ltrim and rtrim ) . . . - software development | daniweb
a slight trimming of the cable ' s plug side and edge may be required .
i found her trimming up the diadem on her dead mistress . - - shak .
is . locale ( ) ( tau ) tests if encoding is the same as the default encoding on your computer .
another xslt technique for trimming is to utilize the xpath 2 . 0 substring ( ) function .
here ' s my c mini library for trimming left , right , both , all , in place and separate , and trimming a set of specified characters ( or white space by default ) .
he arrived at princeton as a graduate student in 1964 before there was a computer science department . he pursued his ph . d . in electrical engineering and discovered he loved programming during the summer of 1966 , when he worked on a project at mit and had his first experience with non - punch - card programming , learning the mad language . “this was in the very earliest days of being able to talk to a computer directly with your fingers at a terminal , ” he recalls .
many programming cables supplied with the radios are not manufactured by baofeng , even if they have baofeng stamped on the usb connector . if you are still having issues after trimming the cable , you may want to refer to the
. notably , the boost library allows either in - place trimming or a trimmed copy to be returned .
the act of reprimanding or chastisting ; as , to give a boy a trimming . [ colloq . ]
the whigs are , essentially , an inefficient , trimming , halfway sort of a party . - - jeffrey .
indeed , soli was doing well , trimming out the hut and fitting the key block as expertly as any alaloi .
he worked belowdecks , trimming out the cabin until the heat sent him topside desperate for fluids and one stingy breeze .
there are no specific methods for trimming only leading or trailing whitespace . but it is quite easy to implement them :
in programming language syntax , spaces are frequently used to explicitly separate tokens . runs of whitespace characters ( beyond the first ) occurring within source code written in computer programming languages ( outside of strings and other quoted regions ) are ignored by most languages ; such languages are called free - form . in a few languages , including haskell , occam , abc , and python , white space and indentation are used for syntactical purposes . in the satirical language called whitespace , whitespace characters are the only valid characters for programming , while any other characters are ignored .
fulkerson , d . r . : packing rooted directed cuts in a weighted directed graph . math . programming 6 , 1–13 ( 1974 )
those students — and hundreds of princeton students over the last 15 - plus years — were lucky to learn from a teacher who also happened to be a pivotal figure in computer programming . in 1978 , while at bell labs , kernighan co - authored a seminal book called the c programming language with his colleague dennis ritchie , who created the language . it was a short book for a programming manual — fewer than 300 pages — and , in fact , it was not so much a manual as it was a friendly and shockingly readable introduction to building basic programs with c .
down in the control room quinton had completed his final checks , readjusting the trimming tanks against the findings on his slide - rule .
learn how to off line program a robot for complex processes such as machining , trimming and polishing , plus any number of other applications .
trimming joist ( arch . ) , a joist into which timber trimmers are framed ; a header . see header . - - knight .
this question is not really to do with trimming , but with the linking error . probably you get the same error regardless of the definition of trim
fujito t . ( 2006 ) how to trim an mst : a 2 - approximation algorithm for minimum cost tree cover . in : bugliesi m . , preneel b . , sassone v . , wegener i . ( eds ) automata , languages and programming . icalp 2006 . lecture notes in computer science , vol 4051 . springer , berlin , heidelberg
punch cards would , however , continue to play an important role in his graduate research , and kernighan , who is passionate about computer fonts and typesetting as well as programming languages , even used punch cards to produce what he suspects is the first machine - readable , computer - printed thesis at princeton . rather than typing his dissertation on a typewriter , he used punch cards , essentially large index cards with holes punched in them to represent inputs , to write a program that would format and print his thesis using the sole computer on campus , an ibm 7094 kept in an air - conditioned room in the equad . the final version of his thesis , on graph partitioning , required 6 , 000 punch cards : 1 , 000 with the typesetting program instructions and another 5 , 000 with the thesis text .
kernighan , who is canadian , came to computing relatively late . an engineering physics major at the university of toronto in the early 1960s , he didn’t even see his first computer — an ibm 650 — until his second year of college , and didn’t start programming until his junior year , when he learned some fortran . “i was , to put it mildly , pretty bad , ” he says of his undergraduate programming efforts . “but it was enough fun that , since i didn’t know what i wanted to do after college , i went to graduate school because it staved off decision - making . ”
a recurring theme of kernighan’s work is the idea that good computer programming is not just about whether your code works , or how fast it runs , but also its clarity and style . that was a prescient realization in the 1970s , when many people did not yet appreciate that software would have the longevity and significance it does today — that many people would have to work on the same programs , year after year .
indiana is a thing complicated and multiform , and , like picking up the rose - leaves and trimming the bushes in paradise , asking other hands than those of the original mother .
sometimes the vast resources of the popular , mainstream programming languages aren’t enough to solve your particular problem . sometimes you have to look beyond the obvious to find the right language , where the right structure makes the difference while offering that extra feature to help your code run significantly faster without endless tweaking and optimizing . this language produces vastly more stable and accurate code because it prevents you from programming sloppy or wrong code .
after he received his ph . d . in 1969 , kernighan left princeton for bell labs , where he had interned during graduate school . he stayed there for 30 years . during the 1970s and 1980s , perhaps no place in the world was home to as many prominent computer scientists and computer - related inventions and discoveries as bell labs . among kernighan’s notable colleagues was richard hamming , a mathematician who did pioneering work on how computers can identify and correct errors in communications .
kernighan had a profound impact even on some of his earliest students , including those in that 1996 class at harvard . david malan , a sophomore majoring in government at the time , took the class only because kernighan let him take it pass / fail ; he ended up loving it and ultimately switched his major to computer science . now a professor of computer science at harvard , malan has been teaching the cs50 course — the largest class at harvard — for a decade .
under codepoint 224 ( 0xe0 ) the computer also provided a special three - character - cells - wide space symbol
spc
( analogous to unicode ' s single - cell - wide u + 2420 ) . [ 14 ] [ 15 ]
he talked her through the incision , the insertion of the forceps and removal of the little fragment of meniscus , and the trimming of the tear and removal of the piece she had cut off .
lee , david . “fat markup : trimming the myth one calorie at a time . ” presented at balisage : the markup conference 2013 , montréal , canada , august 6 - 9 , 2013 . in
dutch might at last refuse to assist in trimming this balance , unless britain should submit to make the grand pensionary of holland a pensionary of england , and take a number of their forces into english pay .
i know there are several ways to do this in java and c that are nice , but in c + + i can ' t seem to find a way to easily implement a string trimming function .
this message is generated by chirp . the usb com port entered is not correct . plug the programming cable into the desired usb port and run : find com port ( windows ) . enter the com port shown into the chirp software .
for them , there is ocaml , a serious effort by the programming language community to popularize many of the aforementioned ideas . there’s object support , automatic memory management , and device portability . there are even ocaml apps available from apple’s app store .
is there a clean , preferably standard method of trimming leading and trailing whitespace from a string in c ? i ' d roll my own , but i would think this is a common problem with an equally common solution .
i am trying to find a simple and standard way of trimming leading and trailing whitespace from a string without it taking up 100 lines of code , and i tried using regex , but could not get that to work as well .
each usb slot is connected to a separate com port to avoid conflict . changing your usb slot will change the com port number . after making this change , you must unplug and replug your usb programming cable for the new com port number to be effective .
not everyone wants to write code . during the semester he spent teaching at harvard , kernighan discovered how much he enjoyed teaching , but also found it challenging to design an introductory course that worked for aspiring computer scientists as well as students in other fields who just wanted some basic understanding of computing .
kernighan’s ideas about the value of style for programming languages were , in large part , articulated before maintaining and developing code became such a vital activity and stemmed from a more basic insight : that clear use of language leads to clear thinking , and vice - versa .
the
shape
or particular structure of a document matters for some purposes . for example , readability and ease of authoring by humans or machines may be important . the
shape
also affects the design of parsers , data models and programming api ' s .
a particular shape may be better for some uses then others - an exact mapping to a particular programming language object structure may be useful in that language but cumbersome in another . even in a single language some models may be better suited for direct access and others for searching .
elizabeth had already divested herself of hat , coat , and jacket , and marina found herself eyeing the fashionable emerald trumpet skirt with its trimming of black soutache braid and the cream silk shirtwaist with its softening fall of venice lace with a pang of envy .
we can write the content of an r object into a text file using cat ( ) or writelines ( ) . by default cat ( ) concatenates vectors when writing to the text file . you can change it by adding options sep =
\ n
or fill = true . the default encoding depends on your computer .
the c book introduced the now - ubiquitous “hello , world ! ” exercise to fledgling programmers : walk into any introductory programming class today , and odds are the first assignment will be to use the new language to print those words . it’s also likely that one ( or more ) of kernighan’s books will still be assigned as the required text . kernighan has profoundly shaped how entire generations of programmers have been — and will be — taught . since leaving bell labs to join princeton’s computer science department in 1999 , he has become increasingly focused on changing how non - programmers are taught about computers and technical topics as well .
n . 1 the act of someone who trims . 2 material that is removed by someone trimming something , as a piece of steak . 3 an accompaniment to a meal . 4 ( context colloquial dated english ) a reprimand or chastise . vb . ( present participle of trim english )
there is no standard trim function in c or c + + . most of the available string libraries [ 4 ] for c contain code which implements trimming , or functions that significantly ease an efficient implementation . the function has also often been called eatwhitespace in some non - standard c libraries .
the characters which are considered whitespace varies between programming languages and implementations . for example , c traditionally only counts space , tab , line feed , and carriage return characters , while languages which support unicode typically include all unicode space characters . some implementations also include ascii control codes ( non - printing characters ) along with whitespace characters .
do you want to trim your awkward laugh out of the beginning or end of an otherwise great video or pull out short highlights from a filmed sporting event ? the windows 10 built - in photos app has a video clip trimming tool that is easy to use and is perfect for this basic editing .
in the fall of 1996 , brian kernighan * 69 brought scissors , a beard trimmer , and a pair of hedge clippers into the auditorium where he was teaching harvard’s introductory computer science course , cs50 , to more than 450 students . it was kernighan’s first time teaching a college course — he was employed at the time as a researcher at at & t bell labs — and he decided to use that first lecture to focus on the importance of giving computers specific instructions . he asked the students in the room to direct him in trimming his beard and , when they failed to be sufficiently precise in their directions , ended up cutting his beard with hedge clippers right there at the front of the classroom .
everyone may use javascript but no one seems to like programming in it . or so it would seem because everyone today has their favorite pre - processor or super - processor that extends and improves the language . typescript is the current favorite because it adds types to all of the variables , something that makes the java programmers feel a bit more secure .
trim \ trim \ , v . t . [ imp . & p . p . trimmed ; p . pr . & vb . n . trimming . ] [ oe . trimen , trumen , as . trymian , trymman , to prepare , dispose , make strong , fr . trum firm , strong ; of uncertain origin . ]
robots provide a unique platform for machining large volumes as well as for a vast range of other applications , including trimming , gluing , polishing , and the laying down of a huge variety of different materials . this workshop will introduce you to the basic concepts involved in creating the path as well as controlling the robot axis to drive your manufacturing processes .
in this paper we present a fast , purely combinatorial 2 - approximation algorithm for the minimum cost tree cover problem . it constructs a good approximate solution by trimming some leaves within a minimum spanning tree ( mst ) , and to determine which leaves to trim , it uses both of the primal - dual schema and the local ratio technique in an interlaced fashion .
life , is used to inexplicable underlining that turns out to be dog hairs , and apparent shifts from print to braille where someone overdue for a forepaw nail trimming has checked my copy , but the printouts of my articles about bobbie and margaret , retrieved from the floor after the break - in , looked as if they had been used for paper - training .
“i think it’s the most influential book in the history of computers , ” says google engineer alan donovan , who co - authored a book on the go programming language with kernighan . “that’s not to say it’s the most technical , but it’s the one that most people have read and has shaped the way they feel about computers and learned from and tried to copy in other materials since then . ”
features : 1 . trim the beginning quickly , as in a number of other answers . 2 . after going to the end , trimming the right with only 1 test per loop . like @ jfm3 , but works for an all white - space string ) 3 . to avoid undefined behavior when char is a signed char , cast * s to unsigned char .
lefevre was a country dame , a widow , one of these half peasants , with ribbons and bonnets with trimming on them , one of those persons who clipped her words and put on great airs in public , concealing the soul of a pretentious animal beneath a comical and bedizened exterior , just as the country - folks hide their coarse red hands in ecru silk gloves .
“dick was a classic curmudgeon , ” kernighan says of hamming . “one of the things he used to complain about was that people were bad programmers . he would say , ‘we give people a dictionary and a set of grammar rules and we say , kid , you’re a great programmer , and that’s ridiculous . we ought to have style guides for programming the same way we have style guides for english . ’ ”
contrary to myth , performance varies very little with different markup formats in current devices and software . however the shape and ease of use of markup formats can matter for developers ( both client and server ) . as can be seen with the use of libraries such as jquery , performance is often trivially tossed away in exchange for ease of programming - even with json . sometimes that is a reasonable tradeoff . [ 5 ]
i get maybe two dozen requests for help with some sort of programming or design problem every day . most have more sense than to send me hundreds of lines of code . if they do , i ask them to find the smallest example that exhibits the problem and send me that . mostly , they then find the error themselves .
finding the smallest program that demonstrates the error
is a powerful debugging tool .
the gt3 and similar radios with optional case designs may require a slightly different approach to trimming the cable . the cable cannot seat properly , not because it is misaligned , but rather the ridge on the case may be protruding out too far . the cable may still need to be trimmed , but from the cable tension area . the graphic below shows the problem and potential solution .
“there was a population that was not well served by [ cs50 ] , ” kernighan recalls . “when i came to princeton , i decided i wanted to create a course that would serve those students . ” the course he developed , cos 109 , is aimed at students who are intimidated by math or computer science and want a gentler introduction to computing topics . it covers topics that range from how to estimate and understand large numbers to legal and privacy issues surrounding computers , as well as some basic coding in javascript .
[ 5 ] it is interesting to the author that the use of libraries like jquery entirely eliminate the native advantage in javascript of using json as the data format (
dot notation
) , add significant processing overhead and yet is strongly promoted while xml usage is discouraged under the guise of it not mapping well to native javascript data structures and its slow performance . compare the jquery code for json and xml and you can see the programming difference is nearly indistinguishable .
years later , kernighan’s students recall how he regularly asked after their siblings , attended their plays , and knew the names of everyone in his class . taped above his desk in the computer science building are large photographs of his current students . “the things i’ve learned about teaching are fundamentally to get to know the students , because if they’re a name and a person then you do a better job , ” kernighan says . “other than that , jeez , i don’t know , try to be organized , and let them out early . ”
the front - end programmers aren’t the only ones having fun . rust is like a refurbished version of c with plenty of polymorphic typing mixed in under the hood . it has won “ most loved programming language ” from stack overflow voters for the last two years in a row , an honor that is also reflected in stack overflow’s index of language popularity . just a few years ago , rust was hovering around 50 on the list , and this year it jumped to 18 .
the connection of the laterals with the mains , the laying of the larger sizes of tiles so as to form a close joint , the wedging of these larger tiles firmly into their places , and the trimming which is necessary in going around sharp curves , and in putting in the shorter pieces which are needed to fill out the exact length of the drain , demand more skill and judgment than are often found in the common ditcher .
then supper was prepared sumptuously , and the new companion said unto the other , you ought to accompt me not onely your captaine in robbery and fight , but also in pleasures and jolity , whereupon by and by with pleasant cheere he prepared meat , and trimming up the house he set all things in order , and brought the pottage and dainty dishes to the table : but above all he plyed them wel with great pots and jugs of wine .
so far we have dealt with markup agnostic metrics . it doesn’t take any more or less time to transfer the same number of json bytes as xml bytes . parsing is a different matter . this experiment tests two variants of parsing for each json and xml . the first variant is to use standard low level javascript methods for parsing . the other variant is to use a common library ( jquery ) . the code for parsing was hand written javascript and corresponds to what seems
best practice
in web programming today .
“programming style is first for the person who wrote the code , because i might write this program today and then put it aside and come back to it a few years later , ” kernighan says . “the better it’s written , the more i’ve adhered to these rules of style , and tried to be clear and simple , the more likely it is that i will be able to understand it — and the more likely it is that it will work properly . and the more likely it is that other people will be able to understand it . ”
if you are concerned with performance , do not use strspn ( ) and strcspn ( ) in a tight loop . this is very inefficient and the overhead will dwarf the unproven advantage of the single forward pass . strlen ( ) is usually expanded inline with very efficient code , not a real concern . trimming the beginning and end of the string will be much faster than testing every character in the string for whiteness even in the special case of strings with very few or no non - white characters .
the following listings show the javascript code for a recursive decent query of all nodes in the document . it is very interesting to the author that despite popular opinion the code for json and xml are extremely similar . xml has attributes which adds a few lines of code but otherwise it ' s effectively the same amount of programming to recurse and examine a json object and an xml object in javascript and jquery . xml adds about 4 lines of javascript to handle attributes in both the javascript and jquery case , but other than that the code is nearly identical .
good idea to use scanf ; but his will only work with a single word which may not be what the op wanted ( i . e . trimming
a b c
should probably result in
a b c
, while your single scanf just results in
a
) . so we need a loop , and a counter for the skipped chars with the % n conversion specifier , and in the end it ' s just simpler to do it by hand , i ' m afraid .
in computer character encodings , there is a normal general - purpose space ( unicode character u + 0020 ) whose width will vary according to the design of the typeface . typical values range from 1 / 5 em to 1 / 3 em ( in digital typography an em is equal to the nominal size of the font , so for a 10 - point font the space will probably be between 2 and 3 . 3 points ) . sophisticated fonts may have differently sized spaces for bold , italic , and small - caps faces , and often compositors will manually adjust the width of the space depending on the size and prominence of the text .
over the course of five decades , kernighan has developed a keen sense of how to derive general , long - lasting principles in a field that has exploded with hundreds , if not thousands , of new programming languages . the new languages often build on older ones , and the foundational rules of style and syntax often still apply . “c is at the base of an enormous amount of what we do in exactly the same way that latin is , ” he says . “there are many languages today that come from latin , and there are many languages today that come from c . ”
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trim strips blank characters ( spaces and control characters ) at the beginning and end of s and returns the resulting string . all characters with ordinal values less than or equal to 32 ( a space ) are stripped .
please help rewrite this article from a descriptive , neutral point of view , and remove advice or instruction .
the most popular variants of the trim function strip only the beginning or end of the string . typically named
many trim functions have an optional parameter to specify a list of characters to trim , instead of the default whitespace characters . for example , php and python allow this optional parameter , while pascal and java do not . with common lisp ' s
an uncommon variant of trim returns a special result if no characters remain after the trim operation . for example ,
space normalization is a related string manipulation where in addition to removing surrounding whitespace , any sequence of whitespace characters within the string is replaced with a single space . space normalization is performed by the function named
java ' s trim method considers ascii spaces and control codes as whitespace , contrasting with the java iswhitespace ( ) method , [ 2 ] which recognizes all unicode space characters .
delphi ' s trim function considers characters u + 0000 ( null ) through u + 0020 ( space ) to be whitespace .
in languages without a built - in trim function , it is usually simple to create a custom function which accomplishes the same task .
note that with boost ' s function named simply trim the input sequence is modified in - place , and does not return a result .
the linux kernel also includes a strip function , strstrip ( ) , since 2 . 6 . 18 - rc1 , which trims the string
in place
. since 2 . 6 . 33 - rc1 , the kernel uses strim ( ) instead of strstrip ( ) to avoid false warnings . [ 7 ]
may be interpreted as follows : f drops the preceding whitespace , and reverses the string . f is then again applied to its own output . note that the type signature ( the second line ) is optional .
that is : filter ( # ~ ) for non - space characters ( ' ' & ~ : ) between leading ( + . / \ ) and ( * . ) trailing ( + . / \ . ) spaces .
there is a built - in trim function in javascript 1 . 8 . 1 ( firefox 3 . 5 and later ) , and the ecmascript 5 standard . in earlier versions it can be added to the string object ' s prototype as follows :
perl 5 has no built - in trim function . however , the functionality is commonly achieved using regular expressions .
chomp removes the trailing newline character ( s ) from a string if present . ( what constitutes a newline is $ input _ record _ separator dependent ) .
in perl 6 , the upcoming major revision of the language , strings have a trim method .
the tcl string command has three relevant subcommands : trim , trimright and trimleft . for each of those commands , an additional argument may be specified : a string that represents a set of characters to remove—the default is whitespace ( space , tab , newline , carriage return ) .
xslt includes the function normalize - space ( string ) which strips leading and trailing whitespace , in addition to replacing any whitespace sequence ( including line breaks ) with a single space .
this page was last modified on 8 december 2015 , at 07 : 57 .
this article ' s content derived from wikipedia , the free encyclopedia ( see original source ) .
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madeleine planeix - crocker ’15 , a french and italian major , proofread the second edition of d is for digital after taking cos 109 during her sophomore year . since graduating , she has made use of her cos 109 javascript training in her current job doing back - end website management for an art foundation in paris . but beyond helping prepare her for that role , she says , kernighan’s course was valuable to her in providing some history of technology and how it has changed over time . “i now understand the stakes which accompany the evolution of technology in society , ” says planeix - crocker .
“there was a friendliness to that class , ” malan said of taking cs50 with kernighan . “he would have one of the teaching fellows walking around giving candy to the people who asked questions , and i still remember the day i got up the nerve to ask a question in front of my hundreds of classmates . that was the beginning of my taste of community in a class . a lot of the things we do now in cs50 are sort of in the spirit of that , like giving out stress balls and little rubber ducks to students . ”
josephine wolff ’10 is an assistant professor of public policy and computing security at rochester institute of technology .
parents and non - alumni can receive all 14 issues of paw for $ 22 a year ( $ 26 for international addresses ) .
here is a simple implementation of implementing a simple left trim ( ltrim ) and right trim ( rtim ) of unwanted characters from a c style string . ( null terminated strings ) . doesn ' t suffer the overheads of the memmove implementation in which the worst case scenario ( a string containing all junk characters ) is approx . n ^ 2 / 2 .
> how to you handle tabs ? if you will notice , this is not a generic function , the way we have in python , ruby and other languages . you need to pass the character to be stripped . if you want to strip off tabs , pass the junk character to be ' \ t ' .
while you ' re correct , the bug report is unhelpful because you haven ' t specified when this would happen or suggested a fix . the problem stems from an unchecked decrement of original , which can drop below string if it ' s empty of contains nothing but junk characters .
if whatever memory prior to string also contains junk characters , the loop will continue and modify memory outside the bounds of the array . if memory prior to string doesn ' t contain junk characters , at least one element beyond the array will be accessed , which is still undefined behavior .
is ' \ 0 ' : the string was empty , so nothing needs to be done .
original [ 0 ] neither ' \ 0 ' nor junk : the string must end after original [ 0 ] , as in the original algorithm .
ntnkmr : your version does too much work - - it ' s not necessary to use a temporary buffer . once you find the first non - space character move all remaining characters to the beginning of the line .
narue , your code always retunrs the same results . . . the returned parameter string does not change anywhere in the function
the function is for right - trim , so the value of string will not change . all the function does is start at the end of string and work backwards until it finds the first non - junk character , then truncates string at that point .
yes now i understand . . . but then it does not need to return anything because string is a pointer always to the same point . . .
questions asked by members who have earned a lot of community kudos are featured in order to give back and encourage quality replies .
how can i output 123454321 , if i input 5 . ? - c , c # . java , php
as a manager , he told fifa tv he communicates his messages in a measured way . “i’m not one of the lads , ” southgate . . .
over the last few days i have been converting old video files from avi to mp4 . i ' ve been doing this using the command line version of divx . this is the . . .
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- volume control level of radio may need to be increased to full during upload or download .
error occurs if prolific driver version is higher than v3 . 2 . 0 . 0 downgrade to v3 . 2 . 0 . 0 and the error should go away .
these messages are generated if you are running a much older version of chirp . you must upgrade to chirp ' s latest daily build .
5 . this can also occur if other software is running on your pc that may be loading down the cpu . close all unrelated software and try again .
could not open port com xx ( 2 , ' createfile , ' the system cannot find the file specified . ' )
occurs when trying to save a data file using the factory software . this error occurs when you don ' t have a valid filename for the file being saved . the filename entered must include the . dat suffix . filename . dat
this indicates that the rx and tx serial lines have not been connected together with a loopback device ( a plug that connects the rx and tx lines of a serial port connector for testing ) so the characters being sent on the tx line are not being echoed back on the rx line .
some more recent uv - b5 / b6 radios ship with only 27 menu options as compared to the 29 . menu 24 ( tx - ab ) and menu 29 ( companding ) were eliminated . when using chirp , the above message can be ignored . all data has transferred properly .
this message is generated by windows xp . the following needs to be loaded to your pc .
the minimum cost tree cover problem is to compute a minimum cost tree t in a given connected graph g with costs on the edges , such that the vertices of t form a vertex cover for g . the problem is supposed to arise in applications of vertex cover and edge dominating set when connectivity is additionally required in solutions . whereas a linear - time 2 - approximation algorithm for the unweighted case has been known for quite a while , the best approximation ratio known for the weighted case is 3 . moreover , the known 3 - approximation algorithm for such case is far from practical in its efficiency .
arkin , e . m . , halldórsson , m . m . , hassin , r . : approximating the tree and tour covers of a graph . inform . process . lett . 47 , 275–282 ( 1993 )
bar - yehuda , r . : one for the price of two : a unified approach for approximating covering problems . algorithmica 27 ( 2 ) , 131–144 ( 2000 )
bar - yehuda , r . , even , s . : a local - ratio theorem for approximating the weighted vertex cover problem . annals of discrete mathematics 25 , 27–46 ( 1985 )
bar - yehuda , r . , rawitz , d . : on the equivalence between the primal - dual schema and the local ratio technique . siam j . discrete math . 19 ( 3 ) , 762–797 ( 2005 )
chudak , f . a . , goemans , m . x . , hochbaum , d . s . , williamson , d . p . : a primal - dual interpretation of recent 2 - approximation algorithms for the feedback vertex set problem in undirected graphs . oper . res . lett . 22 , 111–118 ( 1998 )
dinur , i . , safra , s . : the importance of being biased . in : proc . 34th acm symp . theory of computing , pp . 33–42 ( 2002 )
fujito , t . : on approximability of the independent / connected edge dominating set problems . inform . process . lett . 79 ( 6 ) , 261–266 ( 2001 )
fujito , t . , nagamochi , h . : a 2 - approximation algorithm for the minimum weight edge dominating set problem . discrete appl . math . 118 , 199–207 ( 2002 )
garey , m . r . , johnson , d . s . : the rectilinear steiner - tree problem is np - complete . siam j . appl . math . 32 ( 4 ) , 826–834 ( 1977 )
halperin , e . : improved approximation algorithms for the vertex cover problem in graphs and hypergraphs . siam j . comput . 31 ( 5 ) , 1608–1623 ( 2002 )
. in : proc . 18th ieee conf . computational complexity , pp . 379–386 ( 2003 )
könemann , j . , konjevod , g . , parekh , o . , sinha , a . : improved approximations for tour and tree covers . algorithmica 38 ( 3 ) , 441–449 ( 2003 )
monien , b . , speckenmeyer , e . : ramsey numbers and an approximation algorithm for the vertex cover problem . acta informat 22 , 115–123 ( 1985 )
parekh , o . : edge dominating and hypomatchable sets . in : proc . 13th acm - siam symp . discrete algorithms , pp . 287–291 ( 2002 )
savage , c . : depth - first search and the vertex cover problem . inform . process . lett . 14 ( 5 ) , 233–235 ( 1982 )
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note that trim is the only video editing tool available in the photos app , which is mostly geared towards photo management and editing . you will have to import your clips to another program if you want to do more editing with your video clips .
open the video you want to edit with photos . navigate to the video you want to edit in
. alternatively , open the photos app from the start menu , and scroll through your collection or albums to find your video . i usually prefer the first method because photos does not organize your pictures into folders , which means you have to scroll through your collection or find it in the albums that photos generates . additionally , you can filter and view movie file types in file explorer but not in photos .
to get the menu bar to appear across the top of the window as shown below . click the
there are three circles on the timeline that run across the bottom portion of the screen . the two small white circles are the start and end markers of the clip . drag them around to section off your trimmed clip . whenever you move one of these end markers , text showing the
of the clip will appear above the marker . the bigger marker shows your current spot in the video clip . you can drag it around to make sure that all the important parts of your clip are included .
in the top menu . this will save your clip as a copy , leaving the original video untrimmed .
ashley is a mom , engineer , writer , and lover of gadgets and doing things efficiently . view more articles by ashley blood
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) is required . the c + + boost library defines space characters according to locale , as well as offering variants with a predicate parameter ( a functor ) to select which characters are trimmed .
an uncommon variant of trim returns a special result if no characters remain after the trim operation . for example , apache jakarta ' s
sokoban variants . . . several puzzles can be considered variants of the original sokoban game , in the sense that they all make use of a controllable character who pushes boxes around a maze . . . several variants apply the rules of sokoban to mazes laid out on other tilings . . . alternative pushers in the variants multiban and interlock the player can control multiple characters . . .
list of military aircraft of the soviet union and the cis - electronic combat . . . and an - 12bk - is / - pp / - pps > 150 1964 - date cub - a / b / c / d over 150 ew variants produced . . . an - 26m - ? ? - ? ? curl elint 1398 an - 26 built in all variants . . . an - 26rm / rtr / rr 42 + ? ? - date curl - b sigint / comint variants . . .
vickers machine gun - history - variants . . . the gun , machine , vickers . 5 - inch , mk . . . ii was used in tanks , the earlier mark i having been the development model . . .
mikoyan - gurevich mig - 21 - development - design . . . issue of the short endurance and low fuel capacity of the mig - 21f , pf , pfm , s / sm and m / mf variants —though each had a somewhat greater fuel capacity than its . . . its g - limits were increased from + 7gs in initial variants to + 8 . 5gs in the latest variants . . .
mikoyan - gurevich mig - 17 - design . . . day - fighter variants ( mig - 17 , mig - 17f ) were armed with two 23 mm nr - 23 cannons ( 80 rpg ) and one 37 mm n - 37 cannon ( 40 rounds ) , which were mounted on a . . . on radar - equipped variants ( mig - 17p , mig - 17pf ) , the 37 mm n - 37 was replaced with a third 23 mm nr - 23 ( carrying 100 rpg ) to compensate for the weight aft of the radar . . . all variants could carry 100 kg ( 220 lb ) bombs on two underwing pylons and some could carry 250 kg ( 551 lb ) bombs however , these pylons were usually used for 400 . . .
the latest reviewed version was approved on 7 march 2018 . there are template / file changes awaiting review .
this page includes all the material you need to deal with strings in r . the section on regular expressions may be useful to understand the rest of the page , even if it is not necessary if you only need to perform some simple tasks .
in this page , we learn how to read a text file and how to use r functions for characters . there are two kind of function for characters , simple functions and regular expressions . many functions are part of the standard r base package .
however , their name and their syntax is not intuitive to all users . hadley wickham has developed the stringr package which defines functions with similar behaviour but their names are easier to retain and their syntax much more systematic [ 1 ] .
r can read any text file using readlines ( ) or scan ( ) . it is possible to specify the encoding of the imported text file with readlines ( ) . the entire contents of the text file can be read into an r object ( e . g . , a character vector ) . scan ( ) is more flexible . the kind of data expected can be specified in the second argument ( e . g . , character ( 0 ) for a string ) .
before reading a text file , you can look at its properties . nlines ( ) ( parser package ) and countlines ( ) ( r . utils package ) count the number of lines in the file . count . chars ( ) ( parser package ) counts the number of bytes and characters in each line of a file . you can also display a text file using file . show ( ) .
r provides functions to deal with various set of encoding schemes . this is useful if you deal with text file which have been created with another operating system and especially if the language is not english and has many accents and specific characters . for instance , the standard encoding scheme in linux is
utf - 8
whereas the standard encoding scheme in windows is
latin1
. the encoding ( ) functions returns the encoding of a string . iconv ( ) is similar to the unix command iconv and converts the encoding .
readlines ( ) , scan ( ) and file . show ( ) have also an encoding option .
is . utf8 ( ) ( tau ) tests if the encoding is
utf8
.
the following example was run under windows . thus , the default encoding is
latin1
.
a regular expression is a specific pattern in a set of strings . for instance , one could have the following pattern : 2 digits , 2 letters and 4 digits . r provides powerful functions to deal with regular expressions . two types of regular expressions are used in r [ 3 ]
there is a also an option called ‘fixed = true’ which can be considered as a literal regular expression . fixed ( ) ( stringr ) is equivalent to fixed = true in the standard regex functions . these functions are by default case sensitive . this can be changed by specifying the option urltoken = true .
if you are not a specialist in regular expression you may find the glob2rx ( ) useful . this function suggests some regular expression for a specific (
glob
or
wildcard
) pattern :
sub ( ) , gsub ( ) , str _ replace ( ) ( stringr ) make some substitutions in a string .
grepl ( ) , str _ detect ( ) ( stringr ) detect the presence of a pattern .