{"id": 7, "summary": [{"text": "argodrepana verticata is a moth in the drepanidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by warren in 1907 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in new guinea .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 30-35 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are white and semi-transparent , crossed by five grey bands , all nearly parallel to the outer margin , and marked on the veins with darker grey dashes .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are two antemedian lines , of which the basal is very obscure , and one postmedian line , as well as two submarginal lines , the outer of which is a lunulate-dentate line , with the teeth touching the grey marginal line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "all bands are present on the hindwings , the last three meeting at the anal angle . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "argodrepana verticata", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for argodrepana definition . you find here argodrepana meaning , synonyms of argodrepana and images for argodrepana copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word argodrepana . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word argodrepana and , of course , argodrepana synonyms and on the right images related to the word argodrepana .\nwilkinson , c . 1970 . a new species argodrepana and records of other white drepanidae ( lepidoptera ) from new guinea . pacif . ins . 12 ( 2 ) : 241 - 249 . argodrepana marilo new species from mt . kaindi , papua new guinea , and records of argodrepana verticata ( warren ) and 6 teldenia spp . from papua new guinea ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) .\nhave a fact about argodrepana galbana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for argodrepana galbana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nwilkinson , c . 1971 . notes on a numerical analysis of argodrepana marilo wilkinson and related species ( drepanidae : lepidoptera ) . pacif . ins . 15 ( 2 ) : 329 - 332 . numerical taxonomic relationships of argodrepana marilo wilkinson and related species from new guinea ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) .\nwilkinson , c . 1967 . a taxonomic study of a new genus of drepanidae ( lepidoptera ) from new guinea . proc . r . ent . soc . lond . 36 ( 1 - 2 ) : 17 - 29 , 1 pl . lepidoptera , drepanidae : argodrepana * galbana * se new guinea , denticulata * , tenebra * , umbrosa * nw new guinea .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nfor now some of the most importend publications for drepanidae are listed below . shortly i will upgrade this list with most of the literature availiable .\ngaede , m . 1932 . r\u00e9sultats scientifiques du voyage aux indes orientales n\u00e9erlandaises de ll . aa . rr . le prince et la princesse l\u00e9opold de belgique . lepidoptera i . uraniidae , drepanidae , notodontidae . m\u00e9m . mus . r . hist . nat . belg . hors ser 4 ( 6 ) : 57 - 61 . lepidoptera ; urani . , drepan . : alcidis agathyrsus , aruus , cyphura maxima , oreta subvinosa aru , w new guinea .\nholloway , j . d . 1998 . the moths of borneo : families castniidae , callidulidae , drepanidae and uraniidae . malayan nature journal 51 : 1 - 155 , plates 1 - 10 .\nrecords and new species of new guinea and solomon islands ( lepidoptera : callidulidae , drepanidae , and uraniidae including epipleminae ) . also gymnoscelis fragilis warren ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) from new guinea .\nturner , a . j . 1911 . studies in australian lepidoptera . ann . qld . mus . 10 : 59 - 135 . lepidoptera ; noctuidae , uraniidae , drepanidae , thyrididae , pyralidae , eupterotidae : several spp . kei , new guinea , louisiades , new britain , solomon is .\nturner , a . j . 1926 . revision of australian lepidoptera : drepanidae , limacodidae , zygaenidae . proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 51 : 411 - 45 . lepidoptera , drepan . : oreta jaspidea ; limacod . : scopelodes nitens , susica kenricki , birthama modesta new guinea .\nwarren , w . 1922 - 24 . family : drepanidae , pp . 443 - 90in a . seitz ( ed . ) macrolepidoptera of the world . vol . 10 . lepidoptera , drepan . : many n . spp . , sev . n . sspp . , procampsis * goodenough , louisiades , mysol , solomon is . , new guinea .\nwatson , a . 1957 . a revision of the genus tridrepana swinhoe ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) . bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 4 : 407 - 500 . lepidoptera , drepanidae : t . lunulata prolata * , olivacea crocata * , sigma * rook ( umboi ) , buru , bismarcks , bougainville , solomon is .\nwatson , a . 1961 . a taxonomic study of some indo - australian drepanidae ( lepidoptera ) . bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 8 ) : 317 - 347 . lepidoptera , drepanidae : oreta singapura continua , campylopteryx fleximargo fergusson , new guinea .\nwatson , a . 1967 . a survey of the extra - ethiopian oretinae ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) . bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 19 ( 3 ) : 149 - 221 , pl . 1 - 9 . lepidoptera , drepanidae : new guinea and solomon islands records : oreta perfida warren , 1923 ; oreta singapura continua ( warren ) , 1899 ; oreta sublustris warren , 1923 ; oreta subvinosa warren , 1903 ; oreta unilinea ( warren ) , 1899 ; oreta undescribed species ( extensa species - group ) ; oreta jaspidea ( warren ) , 1896 ; oreta rubrifumata warren , 1923 ; urogonodes patiens ( warren ) , 1906 ; u . macrura warren , 1923 ; u . scintillans ( warren ) , 1896 ; astatochroa suphurata ( warren ) , 1907 ; cyclura trogoptera ( rothschild ) , 1915 .\nwilkinson , c . 1967 . a taxonomic revision of the genus teldenia moore ( lepidoptera : drepanidae , drepaninae ) . trans . roy . ent . soc . london 119 : 303 - 362 , 4 pls . revision of teldenia spp . in new guinea , bismarck archipelago , and solomon islands ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) .\nwilkinson , c . 1969 . some aspects of zoogeography and speciation in the genus teldenia moore ( drepanidae : lepidoptera ) . j . nat . hist . 3 : 367 - 380 . biogeography of teldenia spp . in new guinea and bismarck archipelago ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) .\nwilkinson , c . 1970 . numerical taxonomic methods applied to some indo - australian drepanidae : lepidoptera . j . nat . hist . 4 : 269 - 288 . numerical taxonomy of teldenia spp . and relatives , including many species from new guinea ( lepidoptera : drepanidae ) .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\n1 . argo 2 . argo - class submarine 3 . argo - hytos 4 . argo - navis 5 . argo - saronic islands 6 . argo aadli 7 . argo airways 8 . argo atv 9 . argo avenger 10 . argo bromo anggrek 11 . argo city 12 . argo class submarine 13 . argo community high school 14 . argo design 15 . argo district 16 . argo electric 17 . argo film 18 . argo gold mine and mill 19 . argo group 20 . argo hytos 21 . argo investments 22 . argo jati 23 . argo merchant 24 . argo meresaar 25 . argo navis\n26 . argo online 27 . argo p 28 . argo point 29 . argo project 30 . argo racing cars 31 . argo records 32 . argo saronic islands 33 . argo spa 34 . argo tea 35 . argo the almighty 36 . argo tunnel 37 . argo uml 38 . argo utv 39 . argoan 40 . argob 41 . argobba 42 . argobba language 43 . argobba people 44 . argobba special woreda 45 . argobbas 46 . argobuccinum retiolum 47 . argobuccinum tumidum 48 . argocat 49 . argochampsa 50 . argocoffeopsis\n51 . argocoffeopsis lemblinii 52 . argoed 53 . argoed high school 54 . argoel 55 . argofilms 56 . argogorytes mystaceus 57 . argoile 58 . argol 59 . argol argal 60 . argolamprotes micella 61 . argolian 62 . argolic 63 . argolic gulf 64 . argolics 65 . argolid 66 . argolid peninsula 67 . argolida 68 . argolida football clubs association 69 . argolidocorinthia 70 . argolis 71 . argolis and corinthia prefecture 72 . argolis greece 73 . argolis gulf of 74 . argolis prefecture 75 . argols\n76 . argom 77 . argoman the fantastic superman 78 . argomenti 79 . argomento 80 . argomuellera 81 . argon 82 . argon - 36 83 . argon - 38 84 . argon - 40 85 . argon - argon dating 86 . argon - plasma coagulation 87 . argon2 88 . argon 36 89 . argon 38 90 . argon 40 91 . argon argon dating 92 . argon beam coagulator 93 . argon beam coagulator ablation 94 . argon cas # 7440 - 37 - 1 95 . argon cas # 7440 37 1 96 . argon compounds 97 . argon flash 98 . argon fluoride laser 99 . argon fluorohydride 100 . argon gas\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more"]}
{"id": 10, "summary": [{"text": "idunella is a genus of crustacean in family liljeborgiidae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it contains the following species : idunella aequicornis ( sars , 1876 ) idunella excavata ( schecke , 1973 ) idunella longirostris ( chevreux , 1920 ) idunella nana ( schecke , 1973 ) idunella pirata krapp-schickel , 1975 idunella sketi karaman , 1980", "topic": 26}], "title": "idunella", "paragraphs": ["worms - world register of marine species - idunella g . o . sars , 1894\nworms - world register of marine species - idunella aeqvicornis ( g . o . sars , 1877 )\nliljeborgia aeqvicornis g . o . sars , 1877 accepted as idunella aeqvicornis ( g . o . sars , 1877 ) ( type by monotypy )\nty - jour ti - idunella smithi , a new species of marine amphipod ( gammaridea , liljeborgiidae ) from the east coast of the united states t2 - proceedings of the biological society of washington . vl - 98 ur - urltoken pb - biological society of washington cy - washington , py - 1985 sp - 705 ep - 710 sn - 0006 - 324x au - lazowasem , e a er -\n@ article { bhlpart46607 , title = { idunella smithi , a new species of marine amphipod ( gammaridea , liljeborgiidae ) from the east coast of the united states } , journal = { proceedings of the biological society of washington . } , volume = { 98 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { washington , biological society of washington } , author = { lazowasem , e a } , year = { 1985 } , pages = { 705 - - 710 } , }\n< mods xmlns : xlink =\nurltoken\nversion =\n3 . 0\nxmlns : xsi =\nurltoken\nxmlns =\nurltoken\nxsi : schemalocation =\nurltoken urltoken\n> < titleinfo > < title > idunella smithi , a new species of marine amphipod ( gammaridea , liljeborgiidae ) from the east coast of the united states < / title > < / titleinfo > < name > < namepart > lazowasem , e a < / namepart > < / name > < typeofresource > text < / typeofresource > < genre authority =\nmarcgt\n> < / genre > < note type =\ncontent\n> 98 < / note > < relateditem type =\nhost\n> < titleinfo > < title > proceedings of the biological society of washington . < / title > < / titleinfo > < origininfo > < place > < placeterm type =\ntext\n> washington , < / placeterm > < / place > < publisher > biological society of washington < / publisher > < / origininfo > < part > < detail type =\nvolume\n> < number > 98 < / number > < / detail > < extent unit =\npages\n> < start > 705 < / start > < end > 710 < / end > < / extent > < date > 1985 < / date > < / part > < / relateditem > < identifier type =\nuri\n> urltoken < / identifier > < accesscondition type =\nuseandreproduction\n> in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . < / accesscondition > < / mods >\netymology diminutive of i\u00f0unn ( sometimes spelled iduna ) , goddess of the norse mythology .\netymology diminutive of i\u00f0unn ( sometimes spelled iduna ) , goddess of the norse mythology . [ details ]\nhorton , t . ; lowry , j . ; de broyer , c . ; bellan - santini , d . ; coleman , c . o . ; corbari , l . ; daneliya , m . ; dauvin , j - c . ; fi\u0161er , c . ; gasca , r . ; grabowski , m . ; guerra - garc\u00eda , j . m . ; hendrycks , e . ; hughes , l . ; jaume , d . ; jazdzewski , k . ; kim , y . - h . ; king , r . ; krapp - schickel , t . ; lecroy , s . ; l\u00f6rz , a . - n . ; mamos , t . ; senna , a . r . ; serejo , c . ; sket , b . ; souza - filho , j . f . ; tandberg , a . h . ; thomas , j . ; thurston , m . ; vader , w . ; v\u00e4in\u00f6l\u00e4 , r . ; vonk , r . ; white , k . ; zeidler , w . ( 2018 ) . world amphipoda database .\n( of listriella j . l . barnard , 1959 ) barnard j . l . ( 1959a ) . liljeborgiid amphipods of southern california coastal bottoms , with a revision of the family . pacific naturalist , 1 , 4 , 12 - 28 ; figs . 1 - 12 ; . [ details ]\nbellan - santini , d . ; costello , m . j . ( 2001 ) . amphipoda . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels 50 : pp . 295 - 308 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( of listriella j . l . barnard , 1959 ) bellan - santini , d . ; costello , m . j . ( 2001 ) . amphipoda . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels 50 : pp . 295 - 308 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( of listriella j . l . barnard , 1959 ) nomenclator zoologicus online . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of listriella j . l . barnard , 1959 ) d ' udekem d ' acoz , c . ( 2010 ) . contribution to the knowledge of european liljeborgiidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) , with considerations on the family and its affinities . bull . inst . r . sci . nat . belg . , entomol . biol . 80 : 127 - 259 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nto biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) ( from synonym listriella j . l . barnard , 1959 ) to itis\nchilton c . ( 1921a ) . fauna of the chilka lake . amphipoda . memoirs of the indian museum , 5 , 8 , 519 - 557 ; figs . 1 - 12 ; . [ details ]\n( of listriella chilkensis ( chilton , 1921 ) ) barnard , j . l . ; karaman , g . s . ( 1991 ) . the families and genera of marine gammaridean amphipoda ( except marine gammaroids ) . part 1 . records of the australian museum , supplement . 13 ( 1 ) : 1 - 417 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of listriella chilkensis ( chilton , 1921 ) ) d ' udekem d ' acoz , c . ( 2010 ) . contribution to the knowledge of european liljeborgiidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) , with considerations on the family and its affinities . bulletin van het koninklijk belgisch instituut voor natuurwetenschappen , biologie . 80 : 127 - 259 ; plates : fig . 1 - 32 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\ndistribution saguenay fjord , southern gaspe waters ( baie des chaleurs , gaspe bay to american , orphan and bradelle banks ; eastern . . .\ndistribution saguenay fjord , southern gaspe waters ( baie des chaleurs , gaspe bay to american , orphan and bradelle banks ; eastern boundary : eastern bradelle valley ) ; lower st . lawrence estuary [ details ]\nbrunel , p . ; bosse , l . ; lamarche , g . ( 1998 ) . catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and gulf of st . lawrence . canadian special publication of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 126 . 405 p . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nintegrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nd ' udekem d ' acoz , c . ( 2010 ) . contribution to the knowledge of european liljeborgiidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) , with considerations on the family and its affinities . bull . inst . r . sci . nat . belg . , entomol . biol . 80 : 127 - 259 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nd ' udekem d ' acoz , c . ( 2010 ) . contribution to the knowledge of european liljeborgiidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) , with considerations on the family and its affinities . bulletin van het koninklijk belgisch instituut voor natuurwetenschappen , biologie . 80 : 127 - 259 ; plates : fig . 1 - 32 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nintergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of listriella longipalma othman & morino , 2006 ) othman & morino . 2006 . listriella longipalma sp . nov . , a new amphipod species ( crustacea : liljeborgiidae ) from the straits of melaka , malaysia . zootaxa volume : 1305 pages : 21 - 32 [ details ]\n( of listriella longipalma othman & morino , 2006 ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of listriella longipalma othman & morino , 2006 ) d ' udekem d ' acoz , c . ( 2010 ) . contribution to the knowledge of european liljeborgiidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) , with considerations on the family and its affinities . bull . inst . r . sci . nat . belg . , entomol . biol . 80 : 127 - 259 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of listriella longipalma othman & morino , 2006 ) bouchet , p . ; fontaine , b . ( 2009 ) . list of new marine species described between 2002 - 2006 . census of marine life . [ details ]\n( of listriella bahia mckinney , 1979 ) lecroy , s . e . ; gasca , r . ; winfield , i . ; ortiz , m . ; escobar - briones , e . ( 2009 ) . amphipoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico . in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico\u2013origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college . pp . 941\u2013972 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of listriella bahia mckinney , 1979 ) d ' udekem d ' acoz , c . ( 2010 ) . contribution to the knowledge of european liljeborgiidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) , with considerations on the family and its affinities . bull . inst . r . sci . nat . belg . , entomol . biol . 80 : 127 - 259 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of listriella picta norman , 1889 ) bellan - santini , d . ; costello , m . j . ( 2001 ) . amphipoda . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels 50 : pp . 295 - 308 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( of listriella picta norman , 1889 ) bachelet , g . ; dauvin , j . - c . ; sorbe , j . c . ( 2003 ) . an updated checklist of marine and brackish water amphipoda ( crustacea : peracarida ) of the southern bay of biscay ( ne atlantic ) . cah . biol . mar . 44 ( 2 ) : 121 - 151 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( of listriella picta norman , 1889 ) muller , y . ( 2004 ) . faune et flore du littoral du nord , du pas - de - calais et de la belgique : inventaire . [ coastal fauna and flora of the nord , pas - de - calais and belgium : inventory ] . commission r\u00e9gionale de biologie r\u00e9gion nord pas - de - calais : france . 307 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of listriella picta norman , 1889 ) d ' udekem d ' acoz , c . ( 2010 ) . contribution to the knowledge of european liljeborgiidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) , with considerations on the family and its affinities . bull . inst . r . sci . nat . belg . , entomol . biol . 80 : 127 - 259 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of listriella similis rabindranath , 1971 ) d ' udekem d ' acoz , c . ( 2010 ) . contribution to the knowledge of european liljeborgiidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) , with considerations on the family and its affinities . bull . inst . r . sci . nat . belg . , entomol . biol . 80 : 127 - 259 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nbiodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p\u2026 urltoken"]}
{"id": 12, "summary": [{"text": "elachista kilmunella is a moth of the elachistidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found from northern europe to the alps and hungary and from ireland to russia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 8 \u2013 12 millimetres ( 0.31 \u2013 0.47 in ) .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing from may to august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on carex riparia and eriophorum vaginatum .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they mine the leaves of their host plant .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "they are yellowish grey .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "larvae can be found from april to july . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "elachista kilmunella", "paragraphs": ["elachista kilmunella ( moorland dwarf ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .\nelachista kilmunella \u00a72 male ; dock , tarn , cumbria ; 30 / 06 / 2014 ; fw 4 . 8mm \u00a9 chris lewis\nmany species of elachista are extremely similar , great care should be given when separating these species .\n\u2022 white holme , w . yorks , gen . det . h . beaumont \u2022 \u00a9\nthis upland species , occurring on acid heaths and boggy moorland , is distributed mostly in northern britain , from wales through northern england into most of scotland .\nspecies , and are best identified with certainty by reference to the genitalic structure .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 16 12 : 27 : 40 page render time : 0 . 2361s total w / procache : 0 . 2921s\nbl\u00e5 punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och \u00f6vriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan inneh\u00e5lla observationer som inte \u00e4r validerade . kartan uppdateras var fj\u00e4rde vecka .\ni det avancerade verktyget kan man s\u00f6ka ut och f\u00e5 fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst l\u00e4n , i en viss biotop , substrat , som p\u00e5verkas av en hotfaktor , eller som \u00e4r knutna till en sk v\u00e4rdart , t ex tr\u00e4det alm . dessa kan \u00e4ven kombineras .\ns\u00f6ka fram arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade , knutna till alm , \u00e4r beroende av d\u00f6d ved och som finns i kronobergs l\u00e4n .\ns\u00f6ka fram arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade , lever i sm\u00e5vatten och som p\u00e5verkas negativt av igenv\u00e4xning .\ndefaultl\u00e4get i verktyget \u00e4r arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade 2015 och dessa \u00e4r klassade p\u00e5 samtliga s\u00f6kfaktorer . under fliken r\u00f6dlistekategori kan man dock v\u00e4lja att \u00e4ven inkludera arter som inte \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade . om man v\u00e4ljer att inkludera icke r\u00f6dlistade arter beh\u00f6ver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte \u00e4r klassade p\u00e5 samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanst\u00e4llning av vad som \u00e4r komplett .\ndenna funktion anv\u00e4nds n\u00e4r du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka p\u00e5 deras namn . du kan ocks\u00e5 v\u00e4lja att anv\u00e4nda knappen \u201dj\u00e4mf\u00f6r arter\u201d f\u00f6r att se bilder , kartor och k\u00e4nnetecken i en j\u00e4mf\u00f6relsevy .\ndu kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via sl\u00e4kttr\u00e4det och d\u00e4r v\u00e4lja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat s\u00e4tt att g\u00f6ra ditt urval \u00e4r att anv\u00e4nda fliken \u201dfiltrera\u201d , d\u00e4r du kan s\u00f6ka p\u00e5 olika egenskaper . ovanf\u00f6r listan med s\u00f6kresultatet finns en knapp \u201dl\u00e4gg i mitt urval\u201d .\nthe mit license copyright ( c ) 2014 - 2016 google , inc . urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\nthe mit license ( mit ) copyright ( c ) 2011 - 2015 twitter , inc permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright ( c ) 2008 - 2013 sprymedia limited urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright 2008 - 2015 martin wendt , urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright jquery foundation and other contributors , urltoken this software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals . for exact contribution history , see the revision history available at urltoken the following license applies to all parts of this software except as documented below : = = = = permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software . = = = = all files located in the node _ modules and external directories are externally maintained libraries used by this software which have their own licenses ; we recommend you read them , as their terms may differ from the terms above .\nthe mit license ( mit ) - urltoken copyright ( c ) steven sanderson , the knockout . js team , and other contributors urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright ( c ) 2009\u20132015 permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright 2005 - 2014 openlayers contributors . all rights reserved . redistribution and use in source and binary forms , with or without modification , are permitted provided that the following conditions are met : 1 . redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice , this list of conditions and the following disclaimer . 2 . redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice , this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and / or other materials provided with the distribution . this software is provided by openlayers contributors ` ` as is ' ' and any express or implied warranties , including , but not limited to , the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed . in no event shall copyright holder or contributors be liable for any direct , indirect , incidental , special , exemplary , or consequential damages ( including , but not limited to , procurement of substitute goods or services ; loss of use , data , or profits ; or business interruption ) however caused and on any theory of liability , whether in contract , strict liability , or tort ( including negligence or otherwise ) arising in any way out of the use of this software , even if advised of the possibility of such damage . the views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies , either expressed or implied , of openlayers contributors .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nfor moth sightings in and around herefordshire and worcestershire . we can also help with id ' s .\nalso of note were the green hairstreak butterflies which must have run to a few hundred individuals .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nlisted as widespread in upland areas in northern britain as far south as herefordshire . not known from east anglia .\nhistoric records from surrey to norfolk are thought to be unconfirmed and improbable . [ mbgbi ]\nrecorded in 3 ( 4 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 1874 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nresident . a widespread and fairly common species found in wales , the north of england and scotland .\nthis species was first recorded in 2013 on the berwyns in the north of the county .\nleaf miner . eggs laid on foodplant . larva mines the leaf . the pupa is yellowish brown .\nws : 9 - 11mm ; may - aug ; ? sedges ( carex spp ) ; boggy areas in acid heath and grassland in upland areas throughout britain .\nid : forewing dark with pale costal and tornal spots , not involving bases of tornal or apical cilia and with other pale markings ; pale markings without a metallic sheen ; frons dark ; uncus lobes separated by a u - shaped notch which is broader than an uncus lobe , vinculum strongly produced , aedeagus not notched or pointed at apex with 1 or 2 small thorns . white - tipped tegulae are an additional feature of this species , ( but i don ' t know how often this occurs in other species ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en\nurltoken\nnotes : local on acid heathland , bogs and damp grassland in upland areas of britain , as far south as herefordshire ( mbgbi vol 3 ) . unlikely to be recorded in hampshire or on the isle of wight . wingspan 9 - 11 mm . larva mines leaves of various sedges ."]}
{"id": 14, "summary": [{"text": "the crowsoniellidae are a monotypic family of beetles , in the suborder archostemata .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "so far , only a single species , crowsoniella relicta , has been attributed to this family .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "it is a minute animal ( about 1.8 mm ( 0.071 in ) ) that was collected in central italy from calcareous soil at the base of a chestnut tree .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "no other specimens have been found since . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "crowsoniellidae", "paragraphs": ["family crowsoniellidae 1 species , crowsoniella relicta . family cupesidae ( cupedidae ; reticulated beetles ) small and little - known ; found under bark ; about 30 species widely distributed . family jurodidae 1 species ,\nthis is a directory page . britannica does not currently have an article on this topic .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nparent taxon : archostemata according to j . f . lawrence and a . f . newton 1995\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nlawrence , j . f . , and a . f . newton , jr . / pakaluk , james , and stanislaw adam slipinski , eds .\nbiology , phylogeny , and classification of coleoptera : papers celebrating the 80th birthday of roy a . crowson , vol . 2\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nthis page was last modified on 24 december 2015 , at 01 : 10 .\nthis article ' s content derived from wikipedia , the free encyclopedia ( see original source ) ."]}
{"id": 17, "summary": [{"text": "coprozercon scopaeus is a species of mite , placed in its own family , coprocerconidae , in the order mesostigmata .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it was described in 1999 from the feces of the allegheny woodrat , neotoma magister , in a cave in kentucky . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "coprozercon", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nthis article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from world journals , database of academic research journals are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\nfen\u010fa , peter & ma\u0161\u00e1n , peter , 2012 , neocoprozercon europaeus gen . nov . , sp . nov . , the first member of the family coprozerconidae ( acari : mesostigmata ) in the palaearctic region , zootaxa 3204 , pp . 40 - 46 : 40 - 43\ndiagnosis . both sexes with idiosomal shields weakly sclerotised , without well - defined outlines . dorsal idiosoma with podonotal shield in female or podonotal and opisthonotal shields in male and deutonymph , hypertrichous ( more than 100 pairs of setae present ) , bearing two pairs of hypertrophied gland pores gdz 3 and gdz 5 in the opisthonotal region . all stages lacking sternal gland pores gv 1 , adgenital pores gv 2 and anal pores gv 3 . podal plates absent . male ventrianal shield fused to posterior margin of opisthonotal shield and expanded ventrally .\ndescription . idiosoma dorso - ventrally flattened , suboval and small , not exceeding 300 \u03bcm in length . integument pale in colour , very weakly sclerotised ; soft cuticle without striation on surface and scutal area smooth , unornamented , with their margins not well indicated and detectable .\ndorsal idiosoma . sexual dimorphism in dorsal shielding present : female with only podonotal shield developed , opisthonotal portion not armed , with soft cuticular integument on surface ( except small irregular area close to medial posterior margin ) ; male and deutonymph with dorsum entirely covered by two shields abutting each other . female opisthonotum with small and irregular posteromedial area well sclerotised and dark in colour . almost whole dorsum regularly polytrichous in all known stages , with more than 200 setae . dorsal setae simple , smooth , needle - like , relatively short and generally subequal in length . two pairs of gland pores ( gdz 3 and gdz 5 ) on opisthonotum prominent , situated on circular platelets in female or on flat tubercles in male and deutonymph .\nventral idiosoma . tritosternum present , bifurcate . sternal or sternogenital shield usually slightly asymmetric in shape , with lateral margins irregularly sinuated , lacking poroids and gland pores . sternogenital shield of deutonymph divided into sternal and genital portions . female with well separated anal and genital shields , with no ventral plates on opisthogastric region ; anal shield of male anteriorly connected with ventral shield and posteriorly fused to ventral expansion of opisthonotal shield ; deutonymph with separate anal and ventral shields adjacent to each other , and anal shield free . metasternal and metapodal shields present , exopodal , parapodal and endopodal shields absent . peritremes and peritrematal shields strongly reduced and very short in adults , normal and extending to the level of coxae i in deutonymphs .\n. epistome a single , subtriangular smooth projection . chelicera with dentate digits and well developed dorsal seta . ventral surface of hypostome with four pairs of smooth simple setae . deutosternum with smooth anterior margin and five transverse rows of denticles .\nlegs . setation of legs i - ii - iii - iv : coxae 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 , trochanters 6 - 5 - 5 - 5 , femora 13 - 11 - 6 - 6 , genua 13 - 11 - 10 - 10 , tibiae 14 - 10 - 9 - 10 ; tarsi ii\u2013iv with 16 setae .\nintroduced by moraza & lindquist ( 1998 ) . both genera are presently monotypic and may be distinguished from one another by the following characters . in\n; ( 4 ) the lateral margins of the ventrianal shield of male are irregularly sinuate , bearing 1\u20133 pairs of ventral setae ; the inner surface of the shield is has two pairs of ventral setae ; ( 5 ) gland pores gv 1 - gv 3 are absent ; ( 6 ) parapodal shields are absent ; ( 7 ) the epistome is subtriangular in shape , with smooth anterolateral margins ; ( 8 ) the dorsal shields are smooth , with no sculptural pattern on the surface ; ( 9 ) it is larger species , with idiosoma 220\u2013300 \u03bcm in length . in\n, ( 1 ) the dorsal surface is holotrichous , bearing at most 45 pairs of dorsal setae ; the podonotal region has 23 pairs of setae in the adults and deutonymph , the opisthonotal region has 22 pairs of dorsal setae in adults and 20 pairs in the deutonymphs ( excluding two unpaired setae ) ; ( 2 ) in the female , the posterior dorsal region is completely covered by soft cuticle , with no remnants of the opisthonotal shield ; ( 3 ) in the male , the ventrianal shield is separate and free from the ventral expansion of the opisthonotal shield ; ( 4 ) the lateral margins of the ventrianal shield of the male are almost regularly rounded , with no insertion of ventral setae ; the inner surface of the shield has three pairs of ventral setae ; ( 5 ) gland pores gv 3 are present , gv 1 and gv 2 present in females ; ( 6 ) the parapodal shields are present in the male ; ( 7 ) the epistome has a flat base and slender , coarsely denticulate central projection ; ( 8 ) the dorsal shields are lightly reticulated in the female , but more strongly reticulated in the male and deutonymph ; ( 9 ) it is a smaller species , with idiosoma 190\u2013270 \u03bcm in length .\nfigures 1 \u2013 5 . neocoprozercon europaeus sp . nov . , female . 1 . dorsal idiosoma ; 2 . ventral idiosoma ; 3 . epistome ; 4 . subcapitulum , ventral aspect ; 5 . chelicera , lateral aspect . scales : 50 \u03bcm : figs 1 , 2 ; 20 \u03bcm : fig . 4 ; 10 \u03bcm : figs 3 , 5 .\nfigures 6 \u2013 7 . neocoprozercon europaeus sp . nov . , male . 6 . dorsal idiosoma ; 7 . ventral idiosoma . scale : 50 \u03bcm .\nfigures 8 \u2013 9 . neocoprozercon europaeus sp . nov . , deutonymph . 8 . dorsal idiosoma ; 9 . ventral idiosoma . scale : 50 \u03bcm .\nno known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .\nes werden alle b\u00fccher ausgefiltert , die bestimmte schl\u00fcsselworte f\u00fcr nachdrucke , print on demand oder facsimiles enthalten . es ist m\u00f6glich , dass auch b\u00fccher ausgefiltert werden , die keine nachdrucke etc . sind .\nes werden nur neuzug\u00e4nge bzw . neuerscheinungen der plattformen zvab und e - bay angezeigt .\nsie haben javascript in ihren browsereinstellungen deaktiviert ! f\u00fcr eine optimale bedienbarkeit der buchsuche empfehlen wir , javascript f\u00fcr urltoken zu aktivieren . um ein aktuelles suchergebnis ohne javascript zu sehen , m\u00fcssen sie u . u . mehrmals auf\nsuchen\nklicken .\nfree shipping on eligible orders over $ 25 versandkosten : zzgl . versandkosten details . . .\n( * ) derzeit vergriffen bedeutet , dass dieser titel momentan auf keiner der angeschlossenen plattform verf\u00fcgbar ist .\nno . 12419290 versandkosten : , de , de ( eur 0 . 00 ) details . . .\nno . 12419290 versandkosten : zzgl . , versandkosten , de ( eur 0 . 00 ) details . . .\nin stock 1156025389 lieferung innerhalb 1 - 4 werktagen . versandkostenfrei , wenn buch oder h\u00f6rbuch enthalten ist , sonst 2 , 95 eur . ab 19 , 90 eur versandkostenfrei . ( deutschland ) b\u00fccher > taschenb\u00fccher > ratgeber\nbuch in der datenbank seit 28 . 12 . 2013 23 : 37 : 43 buch zuletzt gefunden am 07 . 01 . 2018 20 : 43 : 53 isbn / ean : 9781156025383\nfauna of the u . s . rio grande valleys\n, von\nherausgeber : source : wikipedia\n( 9781156025413 )\nsearch their arrest records , driving records , contact information , photos and more . . .\ncopyright 2018 peekyou . com . a patent pending people search process . all rights reserved ."]}
{"id": 22, "summary": [{"text": "dichomeris dysnotata is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by janse in 1954 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in namibia and south africa . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "dichomeris dysnotata", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for dysnotata definition . you find here dysnotata meaning , synonyms of dysnotata and images for dysnotata copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word dysnotata . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word dysnotata and , of course , dysnotata synonyms and on the right images related to the word dysnotata .\ntrichotaphe dysnotata janse , 1954 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 4 ) : 414\nvad betyder dichomeris ? h\u00e4r finner du 2 definitioner av dichomeris . du kan \u00e4ven l\u00e4gga till betydelsen av dichomeris sj\u00e4lv\ndichomeris \u00e4r ett sl\u00e4kte av fj\u00e4rilar som beskrevs av h\u00fcbner 1818 . dichomeris ing\u00e5r i familjen st\u00e4vmalar .\ndichomeris acmodeta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12\ndichomeris agorastis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13\ndichomeris albula ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13\ndichomeris apicispina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14\ndichomeris apludella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14\ndichomeris bifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15\ndichomeris bomiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16\ndichomeris bucinaria ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16\ndichomeris consertella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18\ndichomeris cuprea ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18\ndichomeris cuspis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18\ndichomeris diffurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris fareasta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris fuscahopa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21\ndichomeris fuscanella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21\ndichomeris gansuensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21\ndichomeris hodgesi ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris jiangxiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23\ndichomeris lativalvata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23\ndichomeris lespedezae ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23\ndichomeris lutilinea ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25\ndichomeris manticopodina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25\ndichomeris menglana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26\ndichomeris millotella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 212\ndichomeris minutia ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26\ndichomeris mitteri ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27\ndichomeris molybdoterma meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 353\ndichomeris ningshanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27\ndichomeris nivalis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27\ndichomeris paulianella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 213\ndichomeris polygona ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29\ndichomeris polypunctata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29\ndichomeris qingchengshanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30\ndichomeris quadratipalpa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30\ndichomeris quadrifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30\ndichomeris sexafurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31\ndichomeris shenae ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31\ndichomeris spicans ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32\ndichomeris spuracuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32\ndichomeris stasimopa meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 3 ) : 94\ndichomeris strictella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32\ndichomeris synergastis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32\ndichomeris tersa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris varifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34\ndichomeris violacula ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34\ndichomeris wuyiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34\ndichomeris yuebana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34\ndichomeris yunnanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 35\ndichomeris zymotella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 215\ndichomeris junisonensis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1082\ndichomeris acritopa meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72\ndichomeris dolichaula meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 67\ndichomeris loxonoma meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 123\ndichomeris nyingchiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 254\ndichomeris fuscahopa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 242\ndichomeris fuscusitis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 243\ndichomeris gansuensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 247\ndichomeris hodgesi li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 232\ndichomeris jiangxiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 244\ndichomeris junisonis [ sic ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23\ndichomeris yunnanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 254\ndichomeris cuspis park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 19 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea\ndichomeris derasella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19 ; [ fe ]\ndichomeris fareasta park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 15 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea\ndichomeris lamprostoma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23 ; [ fe ]\ndichomeris mitteri park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 17 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea\ndichomeris praevacua ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 :\ndichomeris strictella park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 11 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea\ndichomeris acritopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12\ndichomeris adelocentra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13\ndichomeris albiscripta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13\ndichomeris allantopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13\ndichomeris amphichlora ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13\ndichomeris ampliata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14\ndichomeris anisospila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14\ndichomeris antiloxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14\ndichomeris antisticta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14\ndichomeris asodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15\ndichomeris barymochla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15\ndichomeris brachygrapha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16\ndichomeris brachyptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16\ndichomeris caerulescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16\ndichomeris cellaria ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16\ndichomeris centracma ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris ceponoma ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris charonaea ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris chartaria ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris chinganella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris chlanidota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris cinnabarina ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris citharista ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris clarescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris cocta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17\ndichomeris contentella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18\ndichomeris corniculata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18\ndichomeris crepitatrix ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18\ndichomeris deceptella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19\ndichomeris deltoxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19\ndichomeris diacrita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19\ndichomeris dicausta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19\ndichomeris doxarcha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris eridantis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris eucomopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris excoriata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris ferrata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris ferruginosa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris frenigera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21\ndichomeris fungifera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21\ndichomeris geochrota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21\ndichomeris horoglypta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris ignorata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris illicita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris illucescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris imbricata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris immerita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris indiserta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris intensa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris isoclera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23\ndichomeris leptosaris ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23\ndichomeris leucothicta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24\ndichomeris levigata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24\ndichomeris lissota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24\ndichomeris litoxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24\ndichomeris lupata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25\ndichomeris macroxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25\ndichomeris malachias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25\ndichomeris malacodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25\ndichomeris melanortha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26\ndichomeris melitura ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26\ndichomeris mesoglena ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26\ndichomeris metatoxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26\ndichomeris metuens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26\ndichomeris microdoxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26\ndichomeris microsphena meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 166 ; tl : java , buitenzorg\ndichomeris oceanis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27\ndichomeris olivescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28\ndichomeris ostracodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28\ndichomeris pelitis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28\ndichomeris petalodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28\ndichomeris planata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29\ndichomeris polyaema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29\ndichomeris praealbescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29\ndichomeris procrossa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29\ndichomeris pseudometra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30\ndichomeris ptychosema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30\ndichomeris sciodora ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31\ndichomeris semnias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31\ndichomeris siranta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31\ndichomeris summata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32\ndichomeris synclepta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32\ndichomeris tephroxesta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris testudinata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris tetraschema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris thyrsicola ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris toxolyca ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris traumatias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris uranopis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris viridella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34\ndichomeris indigna ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 54 ( note )\ndichomeris ceratomoxantha ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 63 ( note )\ndichomeris adelocentra meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 305 ; tl : java , butenzorg\ndichomeris albula park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 22 ; tl : taipei co . , taiwan\ndichomeris baccata meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\n= dichomeris bisignella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16\ndichomeris brachygrapha meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 305 ; tl : assam , khasis\ndichomeris bucinaria park , 1996 ; tinea 14 ( 4 ) : 230 ; tl : pintung co . , taiwan\ndichomeris chalcophaea meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\ndichomeris fida meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , para\ndichomeris fusca park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 49 ; tl : taichung co . , taiwan\ndichomeris fuscalis park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 16 ; tl : taipei co . , taiwan\ndichomeris harmonias meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : china , shanghai\ndichomeris horiodes meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , parintins\ndichomeris horoglypta meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : hasimoto , japan\ndichomeris ingloria meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : peru , lima\ndichomeris leptosaris meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : hokkaido , japan\ndichomeris leucothicta meyrick , 1919 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : bombay , dharwar\ndichomeris lucrifuga meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , para\ndichomeris lutivittata meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\ndichomeris mesoctenis meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\ndichomeris mesoglena meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 619 ; tl : coorg , pollibetta\ndichomeris metuens meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 201 ; tl : seneng , java\ndichomeris ochthophora meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 46 ; tl : taihoku , formosa\ndichomeris orientis park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 36 ; tl : kaohsiung co . , taiwan\ndichomeris praevacua meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : china , shanghai\ndichomeris quercicola meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : punjab , kangra\ndichomeris saturata meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : brazil , obidos\ndichomeris sciodora meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : assam , khasis\ndichomeris symmetrica park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 20 ; tl : taitung co . , taiwan\ndichomeris syndias [ sic , recte syndyas ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32\ndichomeris thermodryas meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : peru , iquitos\ndichomeris trilobella park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 42 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan\ndichomeris anisospila meyrick , 1934 ; dt . ent . z . iris 48 : 34 ; tl : guangdong , china\ndichomeris argentaria meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 304 ; tl : barberton\ndichomeris cotifera meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 303 ; tl : barberton\ndichomeris cuprea li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 237 ; tl : shaanxi\ndichomeris exsecta meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 354 ; tl : rhodesia , mazoe\ndichomeris ignorata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 165 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft\ndichomeris melanortha meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 510 ; tl : bombay , poona\ndichomeris monorbella viette , 1988 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 93 ( 3 - 4 ) : 104\ndichomeris squalens meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 282 ; tl : british guiana\nresupina omelko , 1999 ; keys ins . russian far east 5 ( 2 ) : 107 ; ts : dichomeris okadai moriuti\ndichomeris tactica meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 152 ; tl : ecuador , huigra , 4500ft\ndichomeris acrolychna meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 112 ; tl : brazil , para\ndichomeris allantopa meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 512 ; tl : nilambur , madras\ndichomeris alogista meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72 ; tl : hunan , china\ndichomeris brachymetra meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : peru , chosica , 2800m\ndichomeris brachyptila meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 584 ; tl : upper burma , myitkyina\ndichomeris ceponoma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 151 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft\ndichomeris davisi park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 35 ; tl : taiwan , taipei co . , sirin\ndichomeris ellipsias meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 114 ; tl : peru , iquitos\ndichomeris lushanae park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 22 ; tl : taiwan , taipei co . , sozan\ndichomeris moriutii ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 73\ndichomeris physocoma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 286 ; tl : sierra leone , mabang\ndichomeris procyphodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 115 ; tl : brazil , parintins\ndichomeris rhodophaea meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . l\u00e9p . 2 : 73\ndichomeris simaoensis ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74\ndichomeris stratigera meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , parintins\ndichomeris subdentata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 113 ; tl : brazil , santarem\ndichomeris testudinata meyrick , , 1934 ; dt . ent . z . iris 48 : 34 ; tl : guangdong , china\ndichomeris thalamopa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 112 ; tl : brail , t\u00e9ffe\ndichomeris xanthodeta meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : three sisters\ndichomeris zonata ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74\ndichomeris liui li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 234 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris qinlingensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 235 ; tl : shaanxi , china\ndichomeris aequata meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 282 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\ndichomeris agathopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 85 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali\ndichomeris anisacuminata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 231 ; tl : china , jiangxi\ndichomeris antizyga meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 303 ; tl : barberton , pretoria\ndichomeris aphanopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali\ndichomeris apicispina li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 241 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris asteropis meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , umvuma\ndichomeris attenta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umvuma\ndichomeris bifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 251 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris bodenheimeri ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16 ; [ afromoths ]\ndichomeris bomiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 238 ; tl : china , xizang\ndichomeris cachrydias meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 283 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\ndichomeris decusella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19 ; [ afromoths ]\ndichomeris diffurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 253 ; tl : fujian , china\ndichomeris eustacta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali\ndichomeris excepta meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 9 ) : 279 ; tl : nyassaland , mt . mlanje\ndichomeris hylurga meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , salisbury\ndichomeris impigra meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : barberton , haenertsburg\ndichomeris indiserta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 285 ; tl : malay states , kuala lumpur\ndichomeris lativalvata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 248 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris manticopodina li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 239 ; tl : shaanxi , china\ndichomeris menglana li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 257 ; tl : yunnan , china\ndichomeris ningshanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 245 ; tl : shaanxi , china\ndichomeris nivalis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 249 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris opsonoma meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 281 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\ndichomeris pladarota meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali\ndichomeris polygona li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 243 ; tl : sichuan , china\ndichomeris qingchengshanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 245 ; tl : sichuan , china\ndichomeris quadratipalpa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 238 ; tl : shaanxi , china\ndichomeris quadrifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 252 ; tl : fujian , china\ndichomeris sexafurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 249 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris shenae li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 246 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris spicans li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 247 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris spuracuminata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 230 ; tl : shaanxi , china\ndichomeris stromatias meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 23 ; tl : zululand , nkwaleni\ndichomeris tersa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 241 ; tl : shaanxi , china\ndichomeris varifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 250 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris violacula li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 237 ; tl : gansu , china\ndichomeris wuyiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 255 ; tl : jiangxi , china\ndichomeris xestobyrsa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 82 ; tl : rhodesia , salisbury\ndichomeris yuebana li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 236 ; tl : shaanxi , china\ndichomeris obscura li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 223 ; tl : fengxian , shaanxi , 1600m\ndichomeris angustiptera li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 228 ; tl : fengxian , shaanxi , 1600m\ndichomeris acrogypsa turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 168 ; tl : queensland , rosewood\ndichomeris aculata ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 147 ( note )\ndichomeris ampliata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : khasis\ndichomeris cirrhostola turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 169 ; tl : queensland , adavale\ndichomeris deltaspis ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 155 ( note )\ndichomeris excoriata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : khasis\ndichomeris ferrata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : khasis\ndichomeris ferrogra li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 225 ; tl : mengla , yunnan , 630m\ndichomeris ferruginosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : khasis\ndichomeris heteracma meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 622 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9 ; peru , iquitos\ndichomeris instans meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 619 ; tl : peru , iquitos ; brazil , teff\u00e9\ndichomeris lividula park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 57 ; tl : taiwan , hualien co . , pianau - col\ndichomeris oleata meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : barberton , three sisters\ndichomeris ostracodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 583 ; tl : upper burma , lashio , 3000ft\ndichomeris petalodes meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 512 ; tl : nilambur , madras , india\ndichomeris pleuroleuca turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 169 ; tl : queensland , eidsvold\ndichomeris ptychosema meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : khasis\ndichomeris rectifascia li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 220 ; tl : kangxian , gansu , 800m\ndichomeris simaoensis li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 221 ; tl : simao , yunnan , 325m\ndichomeris summata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 172 ; tl : khasis\ndichomeris varronia busck , 1913 ; ins . inscit . menstr . 1 ( 7 ) : 89 ; tl : kitty , british guiana\ndichomeris ventosa meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 304 ; tl : barberton , three sisters\ndichomeris zonata li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 222 ; tl : simao , yunnan , 325m\ndichomeris tostella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 72 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]\ndichomeris amphicoma meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 695 ; tl : brazil , santos\ndichomeris antisticha meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 285 ; tl : costa rica , vulkan irazu , 4000ft\ndichomeris fluitans meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 284 ; tl : natal , howick\ndichomeris litoxyla meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 123 ; tl : yakovlevka , primorkii krai , russia\ndichomeris nessica walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 95 ; tl : panama , la chorrera\ndichomeris taiwana park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 48 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , sunmoon lake , 760m\ndichomeris zomias meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 283 ; tl : british guiana , bartica and mallali\ndichomeris hirculella busck , 1909 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : east river , connecticut\ndichomeris clarescens meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\ndichomeris dysorata turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 170 ; tl : new south wales , syndey\ndichomeris elegans park , 2001 ; insecta koreana 18 ( 4 ) : 308 ; tl : taiwan , pingtung co . , kenting park , 50m\ndichomeris jugata walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 97 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\ndichomeris mengdana li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 227 ; tl : mengda , xunhua , qinghai , 2240m\ndichomeris miltophragma meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 115 ; tl : brazil , para , obidos , parintins\ndichomeris ptilocompa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 113 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9 ; peru , jurimaguas\ndichomeris substratella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 93 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\ndichomeris vadonella viette , 1955 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 123 : 108 ; tl : ne . madagascar , maroantsetra , ambodivoangy\ndichomeris xerodes walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 100 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\n= dichomeris setosella ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 221\ndichomeris glenni clarke , 1947 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 49 ( 7 ) : 187 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\ndichomeris aomoriensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14 ; ponomarenko , 1998 , far east . ent . 67 : 12\ndichomeris ardesiella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 96 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , cordova\ndichomeris arotrosema walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 95 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac\ndichomeris asodes meyrick , 1939 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 89 ( 4 ) : 54 ; tl : telawa , java\ndichomeris erixantha ; meyrick , 1921 , ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]\ndichomeris eucomopa meyrick , 1939 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 89 ( 4 ) : 54 ; tl : telawa , java\ndichomeris loxospila ; [ nhm card ] ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 77\ndichomeris lypetica walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 91 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\ndichomeris crepitatrix meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft\ndichomeris dignella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 91 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\ndichomeris excavata busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 18 ; tl : porto bello , panama\ndichomeris hexasticta walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\ndichomeris imbricata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft\ndichomeris lutea park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 59 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , meifeng , 30km s tayuling , 2200m\ndichomeris lutilinea ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 118 ; tl : chuncheon , kangweon prov .\ndichomeris metrodes meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 172 ; tl : hambantota , ceylon ; bombay\ndichomeris olivescens meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : kandy and maskeliya , ceylon\ndichomeris thalpodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , para ; peru , r . napo\ndichomeris tristicta busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 17 ; tl : trinidad river , panama\ndichomeris melanophylla ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 114 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\ndichomeris angulata ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 14 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14\ndichomeris bulawskii ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 114 ; tl : 27km sw slavjanka , primorskii krai\ndichomeris fusca ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 60 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 49\ndichomeris linealis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 83 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24\ndichomeris lividula ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 83 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24\ndichomeris lushanae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 86 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25\ndichomeris lutea ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 86 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25\ndichomeris ochreata ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 102 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27\ndichomeris taiwana ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 135 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32\ndichomeris trilobella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 141 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33\ndichomeris illusio hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : hastings , florida\ndichomeris imitata hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 104 , pl . 3 , f . 5 ; tl : devers , texas\ndichomeris angulata park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 43 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , leinhauchi forest station , 15km sw puli , 750m\ndichomeris aprica ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15 ; li & sattler , 2012 , zootaxa 3373 : 57\ndichomeris enoptrias ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20\ndichomeris hoplocrates ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22\ndichomeris issikii ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23\ndichomeris ochreata park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 32 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , mei - feng , 30km s tayuling , 2200m\ndichomeris pyrrhoschista ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30\ndichomeris sciritis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31 ; li & sattler , 2012 , zootaxa 3373 : 57\ndichomeris synergastis ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 116 ; tl : yong - in , kyunggi prov .\ndichomeris viridescens ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34\ndichomeris offula hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 117 , pl . 3 , f . 21 ; tl : ithaca , new york\ndichomeris crepida hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 118 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : mcclellanville , south carolina\ndichomeris santarosensis hodges , 1985 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 87 ( 2 ) : 456 ; tl : santa rosa national park , guanacaste , costa rica\ndichomeris nenia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 40 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ; tl : bandera co . , texas\ndichomeris hypochloa walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 23 ; tl : mexico , sonora\ndichomeris caia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 62 , pl . 4 , f . 7 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\ndichomeris laetitia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 88 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\ndichomeris aleatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 91 , pl . 2 , f . 27 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\ndichomeris furia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 93 , pl . 2 , f . 30 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\ndichomeris baxa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 105 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : presidio of monterey , california\ndichomeris cinnamicostella ; walsingham , 1911 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 103 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndichomeris costalis busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 18 ; tl : tabogilla i . and porto bello , panama\ndichomeris habrochitona walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; tl : panama , tabernilla\ndichomeris quercicola ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30 ; ponomarenko , 1998 , far east . ent . 67 : 13\ndichomeris carycina ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndichomeris caryophragma ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndichomeris diacnista ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndichomeris lypetica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 54 ( note ) ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndichomeris tactica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 60 ( note ) ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndichomeris latescens ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 63 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndichomeris siren hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 64 , pl . 4 , f . 9 ; tl : henson creek , oxon hill , maryland\ndichomeris vindex hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 83 , pl . 2 , f . 9 - 10 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\ndichomeris gleba hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 87 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 20 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\ndichomeris legnotoa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : largo , pinellas co . , florida\ndichomeris mimesis hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 2 , f . 39 ; tl : salmon , anderson co . , texas\ndichomeris simulata hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 104 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; tl : canadian , hemphill co . , texas\ndichomeris percnopolis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 93 , pl . 3 , f . 11 ; tl : guatemala , zapote , 2000ft\ndichomeris renascens walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 96 , pl . 3 , f . 14 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\ndichomeris xuthostola walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 101 , pl . 3 , f . 18 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\ndichomeris sylphe hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 58 , pl . 1 , f . 22 ; tl : archbold biological staion , lake placid , florida\ndichomeris ardelia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 62 , pl . 4 , f . 8 ; tl : archbold biological station , lake placid , florida\ndichomeris kimballi hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 71 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : archbold biological staion , lake placid , florida\ndichomeris aglaia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 85 , pl . 2 , f . 15 ; tl : lake placid , florida , archbold biological station\ndichomeris anisacuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14 ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74\ndichomeris argigastra walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac\ndichomeris autometra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15 ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 )\ndichomeris crambaleas ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18\ndichomeris melanota walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 , pl . 3 , f . 13 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , cordova\ndichomeris okadai ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28\ndichomeris prensans meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , para , parintins , manaos ; peru , iquitos ; british guiana , bartica\ndichomeris sciastes walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 90 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac\ndichomeris gausapa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : pl . 1 , f . 8 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona\n= dichomeris acuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 34\ndichomeris solatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 48 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; tl : pe\u00f1a blanca canyon , santa cruz co . arizona\n= dichomeris punctidiscella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 56 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 36\ndichomeris copa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 92 , pl . 2 , f . 28 ; tl : snyder heights 1100 ' , ithaca , new york\ndichomeris achne hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 87 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : parker is . , highlands co . , florida\ndichomeris euprepes hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 110 , pl . 4 , f . 11 ; tl : big black mnts , letcher co . , kentucky\ndichomeris carinella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 20 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\ndichomeris fuscusitis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21 ; zhao , park , bae & li , 2017 , zootaxa 4273 ( 2 ) : ( 216 - 234 )\ndichomeris intensa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : maskeliya and puttalam , ceylon ; cuddapah , 4000ft , n . coorg\ndichomeris leucostena walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 , pl . 3 , f . 12 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\ndichomeris blanchardorum hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 , pl . 1 , f . 10 - 11 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas\ndichomeris gnoma hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 106 , pl . 3 , f . 11 ; tl : shingle creek road , keremeos , british columbia , canada\ndichomeris mercatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 110 , pl . 3 , f . 15 ; tl : mclean bogs reserve , tompkins co . , new york\ndichomeris bulawskii ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16 ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 151 ( note )\ndichomeris diva hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 57 , pl . 1 , f . 21 ; tl : 1 mi s patagonia , santa cruz co . , arizona\ndichomeris fistuca hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 68 , pl . 1 , f . 25 ; tl : wedge plantation , mccellanville , charleston co . , south carolina\ndichomeris atomogypsa ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 72 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15\ndichomeris alphito hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 88 , pl . 2 , f . 21 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona\ndichomeris pelta hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 99 , pl . 2 , f . 36 ; tl : wedge plantation , mcclellanville , charleston co . , south carolina\ndichomeris acrochlora ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 112 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12\ndichomeris sybilla hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 121 , pl . 3 , f . 24 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona\ndichomeris evitata walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 15 ; tl : panama , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft\ndichomeris harmonias ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21\ndichomeris xanthoa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; tl : ft . niobrara national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska\ndichomeris bolize hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 100 , pl . 2 , f . 37 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska"]}
{"id": 35, "summary": [{"text": "thiotricha oleariae is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by hudson in 1928 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in new zealand , where it has been recorded from the central part of the north island south to stewart island .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "adults are grey with darker markings .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on the foliage of olearia species , including olearia solandri from within a portable case .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they mine and erode the leaves . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "thiotricha oleariae", "paragraphs": ["oleariae hudson , 1928 ; butt . & moths n . z . : 254\nthiotricha pontifera meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 196\nthiotricha synodonta meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 45\nthiotricha fridaella legrand , 1958 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 63 : 142\nthiotricha atractodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : queensland , cairns\nthiotricha complicata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : coorg , dibidi\nthiotricha nephodesma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 125 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha obvoluta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 126 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha oxygramma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha polyaula meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 125 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha rhodomicta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 126 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha synacma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha xanthaspis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha ( thiotrichinae ) ; karsholt , mutanen , lee & kaila , 2013 , syst . ent . 38 : 343\nthiotricha amphixysta meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha attenuata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha aucupatrix meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : peru , iquitos\nthiotricha celata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha clepsidoxa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya\nthiotricha coleella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 55 ; [ fe ]\nthiotricha hamulata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 162 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft\nthiotricha hexanesa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 501 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya\nthiotricha janitrix meyrick , 1912 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 2 ) : 64 ; tl : bengal , pusa\nthiotricha obliquata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha rabida meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha cuneiformis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft\nthiotricha pancratiastis meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft\nthiotricha pyrphora meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft\nthiotricha scioplecta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , shilleong , 5000ft\nthiotricha corylella omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 209\nthiotricha flagellatrix meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft\nthiotricha fusca omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 204\nthiotricha indistincta omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 205\nthiotricha termanthes meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft\nthiotricha tetraphala meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 164 ; tl : dunedin , new zealand\nthiotricha thorybodes meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 164 ; tl : christchurch , new zealand\nthiotricha xanthodora meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 24 ; tl : burma , pyinmana\nthiotricha balanopa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , khasis ; borneo , kuching\nthiotricha hemiphaea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : queensland , toowoomba\nthiotricha acrantha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha acronipha turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : queensland , stradbroke island\nthiotricha characias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : palni hills\nthiotricha chrysantha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha embolarcha meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : java , mt . salak , 4500ft\nthiotricha epiclista meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha grammitis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha hoplomacha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 441 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha rhodopa meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha argyrea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : n . queensland , atherton\nthiotricha clinopeda meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft ; ceylon , maskeliya\nthiotricha galenaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha glenias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha nephelodesma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 280 ; tl : new ireland , st . matthias i .\nthiotricha orthiastis meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 591 ; tl : rawalpindi , punjab\nthiotricha pancratiastis ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha saulotis meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 1 ) : 138 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha scotaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha trapezoidella ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha tylephora ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha centritis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft\nthiotricha galactaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 441 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft\nthiotricha panglycera turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 117 ; tl : n . queensland , cairns and kuranda\nthiotricha prosoestea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 116 ; tl : n . queensland , kuranda near cairns\nthiotricha anticentra meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nthiotricha balanopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )\nthiotricha chrysopa meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 293 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nthiotricha clidias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : khasi hills ; maskeliya , celon\nthiotricha cuneiformis ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )\nthiotricha delacma meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 24 ; tl : s . india , palnis , kodaikanal , 7000ft\nthiotricha margarodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 294 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nthiotricha pteropis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : khasi hills ; maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha tethela ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )\nthiotricha animosella ; meyrick , 1908 , j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nthiotricha majorella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 47 ; [ me3 ] , 37 ( note ) ; [ fe ]\nthiotricha niphastis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : york , west australia\nthiotricha arthrodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nthiotricha oxyopis ; bradley , 1961 , bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 132 ; [ nhm card ]\nthiotricha paraconta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : wollongong , new south wales\nthiotricha bullata meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales\nthiotricha leucothona meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 294 ; tl : murrurundi and sydney , new south wales\nthiotricha oxytheces meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 293 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; sydney , new south wales\nthiotricha prunifolivora ueda & fujiwara , 2005 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : japan , honshu , osaka pref . , takatsuki city , bochikoen\nthiotricha parthenica meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 297 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; george ' s bay , tasmania\nthiotricha angelica bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 131 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara\nthiotricha eremita bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 132 , pl . 5 , f . 111 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara\nthiotricha melanacma bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 133 , pl . 5 , f . 12 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara\nthiotricha tethela bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 131 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara\nthiotricha subocellea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 51 ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75 ; [ fe ]\nthiotricha synodonta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nkorea , china ( jilin ) , japan , se . siberia . see [ maps ]\nchinochrysa diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 10\ngelechia ( ptocheuusa ) cleodorella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 355 , pl . 5 , f . 120 ; tl : bogota\nptocheuusa coleella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 255 , pl . 10 , f . 16 ; tl : alpes - maritimes\npolyhymno corylella ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 107\ndissobola meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 561\npolyhumno fusca ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 108\ngemmulans meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 63\npolyhymno ? godmani walsingham , [ 1892 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1891 : 525 ; tl : west indies , st . vincent\npolyhymno indistincta ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 108\npolyhymno laterestriata walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 78\nlindsayi philpott , 1927 ; trans . n . z . inst . 58 : 84\nherzegovina , croatia , n . italy , s . france ( alpes - maritimes ) , greece . see [ maps ]\nptocheuusa majorella rebel , 1910 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 60 : 28 ; tl : herzegovina\nmicrorrhoda meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 586\npolyhymno pontifera ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )\nlarva on symplocos prunifolia ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 81\neu , european russia , china ( gansu , shaanxi , jilin ) , japan . see [ maps ]\nsyncentritis meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 586\nmystax trapezoidella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 138 ; tl : kasakewitsch\nmystax trichoma caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 136 ; tl : kasakewitsch\npolyhymno tylephora meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 68\nanacampsis wollastoni walsingham , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1894 : 545 ; tl : madeira\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nmicrolepidoptera from the solomon islands . additional records and descriptions of microlepidoptera collected in the solomon islands by the rennell island expedition 1953 - 54\nmicrolepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country ."]}
{"id": 40, "summary": [{"text": "bilobata subsecivella is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by zeller in 1852 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in south africa , india , indonesia ( java ) and new zealand .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the species was first recorded from new zealand as stomopteryx simplicella , but was redescribed as a new species based on comparison of the genitalia .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "furthermore , the white mark at three-fourths of the forewings which is found in both these species , is reduced to a mere spot in columbina ( while it often forms an almost complete fascia in simplicella ) . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "bilobata subsecivella", "paragraphs": ["host : grapholita critica ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , etiella behrii ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) , bilobata subsecivella ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) on peanut ( arachis hypogaea ) , phthorimaea operculella ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) on potato ( solanum tuberosum ) ( gauld , 1980 ) .\nbiloba argosticha janse , 1954 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 4 ) : 304\nbiloba torninotella janse , 1954 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 4 ) : 304\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nzeller , 1852 lepidoptera microptera quae j . a . wahlberg in caffrorum terra collegit k . vetenskakad . handl . 1852 : 1 - 120\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\n\u009b\u0016\b e\u00b3e\u00b8\u00ed\u00eb\u00ba\u0087t\u00a2 ; o\u00e36\u00a4h\u0012\u00bb5\u00f5\u0007\u00be\u00ff\u001a\u0089e % / d # \u00e3m\u00ef\u00f4r\u008b . \u001b\u0014\u00abd\u00e58\u00fd\u00a6\u00a5\u00fb\u008cd2\u00e8\u0084\u00f2\u00ed\u00a2\u009dm\u00d7\u00e6\u00b6\u00ed | w\u0081 ( \u00a5\u00b467\u00abi \u00a2\u00e7\u0094\u00fd\u0091\u00e2 [ k\u00f5\u0018f < z\u00acl\u0086\u0000\u00b7\u0095\u008cxi # za\u00ef $ \u0099 \u00f6 % + \u0097m & u7 ; \u00b7 = q7\u0012\u00fa\u00e9 + \u00fcliu\u0096\u0013 [ $ \u0016v $ \u008f i $ g \u008en\u00e6i $ j\u00e8 { \u00aav\u000fc\u00e9\u0018\u00ec6p\u00a4\u0090 # \u008bi\u00ae \\ gf\u0011 j\u0086mluh\u00f1\u00fdfoh f ; \u00f0\u00efii\u0015 \\ 7\u00a63 { \u00b5\u009dl\u00f9\u00f9\u0006\u00bb\u007f\u00b4\u00a9\u00e4oa\u0098\u0095\u00ed ( \u0015\biq @ \u00e3\u00a1\u00e1\u0083 [ \u00a6 $ \u00a3\u00b2\u00e2\u00fa\u00aa\u00ae > \u008b\u00f2 va\u00f3x | \u00e0\u00e6\u0019 % \u00ecuu ] \u0006 $ \u00f1\u00a3\u0092\u0091\u00a5e\u00e50\u00aa\u0005 \\ \u0088f\u0093\u0003\u00f6 ) qp \u00ee . \u00f29\u00e7h\u0093\u00e2\u00af\u00ae\u0080qz\u00e2r\u00e6\u008a \u00e1\u00eb\u0098\u008d \u00bd\u00ba\u00ec . $ \u00fc * 0 \u00e5\u00a8 ^ g\u008d\u0091\u009ef\u00e0k\u009a\u00a9\u00e6\u0080\u00f8\u0013tk / \u0014h\u0090 . \u00e1a\u00b4\u0083\u0087\u0011\u00ed\n\u008enw\u00f1 | \u00ef\u00b6\u008b\u00ac\u00e8\u0086\u00d7 \u00e1 : . $ \u000fg\u00f3\u00a7s\u00b6\u009b\u008c\u00fa2\u00ec\u0086\u0084k9r\u0080\u0090\b\u008b\u0094 \u00f6 % \u009e\u00a9 ~ \u00f1\u00e0\u00fe\u00ba\u00f0 $ \u0081\u0083\u00a5zw\u00957\u00d7uy ( \u00bb\u00e8 \u00ea\u00e8\u00ef ! 6km\u0093\u00e6\u00a1 - \u0083\u00f6t\u0088\u0083\u00f6\u00e8\u00a5\u00ad\u0093f / xvn\u00a3\u0097\u00f6 & \u008d [ } \u00194 ` \u0013\u00f2hec\u0019 , } \u00f2\u00f2\u00e9\u00a5o ^ : \u00bd\u00f4\u00e9 \u0012\u0019fa @ \u00eb \u009aod\u00e9sx\u00fc @ \u00b0\u008b | $ \u00b1 \u00976i\u008a ' g\u00e9z\u00e2\u0099m8\u00b2\u00ab\u00aa \u0082\u00a4\u00df\u00eb1rp\u00e5i\u00f0\u008a \u00bbx\u00b6x\u00e2q1e * \u00bbk\u009eh\u00b2\u008b = \u0091d ? 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\u0004\u00f6\u00be [ \u00bb\u00f9m ] ` \u00ealy\u001bc\u00b5\u0080e\u00e5\u001b\u00f3\u0011\u0093\u0012\u0095\u008e\u008fql\u00f2 : \u00f1 > \u008d : \u00df\u0000\u0098\u009e\u00a5f [ \u00ea\u00ae { \u0018\u00ffe\u00eb\u008al\u00a9\u00f1 ? \u0014 m\u00fe\u00b2\u00fb\u00b3luc\u00e3\u00a2\u000e ~ \u00a5\u0006 \u00fc\u0086\u00ff\u00b53\u00e9\u00fahl _ \u001a\u00f9\u009e\u00ae\u00f68\u00f3tghq\u008c\u0001w\u00e2i < \u0091h ~ ww\u00ef\u0092\u00eevx\u00e3 \u00fb\u009b\u009b\u00f0\u00e9\u0087 { t\u0017\u00a7\u0003\u0089\u008f\u00ef\u0087\u009epa\u00fa\u00b1 @ o ( \u00e8\u00f9j\u00eeq < \u008e\u000f\u00e8cq\u00fd \u00f9d\u00e4tdw\u008f\u00fc\u00ab\u00a5\u0016\u00ad\u00e1\u008dt > 9\u0082h\u00fb\u008f ) \u0087\u0094i\u00e5 l\u00e1\u008bu ! \u0014\u008e\u0011\u00e0\n\u00e5\b\u00e7\u00edk\u00f9\u00e6 \u00e8\u00f5n ( os\u0097\u00f9\u00e9\u00ea\u00ed\u0007\u0082\u00b1l\u009a \u00b3\u00f1c\u00e9\u00994\u0099n\u007f\u009c & \u00e9\u008e\u00be\u00fc\u0014\u00fep > \u00ea : s\u00efpr\u00f45q\u0005v $ \u00f7 % i , \u0005\u0080 : h , \u00f5h i\u00b1\u0084\u00ee\u0019 @ \u0012f\n\u009d4\u0000 - \u0018j\u0010\u00bahz\u0092\u00e9y = \u00ae\u00d7\u00f7at \u00f9\u00028\u00f0 ` \u00df\u00e22\u00b8\u009f { \u009e\u0013\u00ae\u00fcb\u0094u \u00e31\u0012k\u00e9\u00fd\u0082m\u00f1u\u00e3 o\u00e3 \u0006\u00eb\u00e6z\u00b3\u00eb\u00fa\u00b96\u00e6\u00118\u0098 $ \u00fc\u0091\u00eei @ 5\u00ec\u00f9z\u00fb\u00f0\nw\u00bbq + \u00a9\u00ff\u00f0v\u00ed\u00eb\u00ee\u00ee\u0001e\u00e1\u00e1\u00fe \u00f7u\u00fd\u00a6\u00ed = q * \u00a1x\u00e73\u00e3i\u00e0 < \u008c\u00f7\u00bei\u00b7\u0083\u00ff | \u00f1\u00a6\u00a5 @ \u00bf\u00aa\u00e3m\u0005\u00e1\u00ef\u00e7 \u00ff\u00b0 ] \u00f6\u00b1m ] g\u0018 ? \u00e7\u00f8\u001b _ \u00fb ^ \u007f\u00fe\u00ebk\u00df\u00fc\u00af\u00f8\u0089 } \u0089mj \u00ea\u0090 & \u00b7\u0005\u008a\u00f6\u00f2 % t\u0005\u0092\u0014 / \u00e0 : \u00f0a\u0082vh\u00e9\u00a2dj ( \u00a5\u00fdgxw\u0002\u00a2\u00ebzt\u0090 ` u\u0007\u0014\u00a8\u00e3\u00ba\u00a9\u00aa\u00a2\u0015u\u009d\u008a\u00aama\u00f3z\u00a1\u0016\u0089j\u00e2\u0015\u007f\u00f0l\u0015\u0089\u00b3\u00f7 \\ ' \u009d\u00aa - \u0096\u00ef = \u00f7\u00e4\u00e8\u007f\u00bc\u00efy\u009f\u00f3 { \u0012\u0092\u00e4\u00faz ) \u00f6\u00e4 ) vh\u00a4uri\u0014a\u00a2\u00ab\u0080x8\u0095\u00a8\u00903t . \u00e1cv\u0092\u00fa\u0011\u000e\u00e3\u00efjq \u0005x ? \u00e6\u0012\u00af\u0002i\u00b8\u0010\u00e1\u00a3n\u00f6\u0083i\u00a3\u009f\u00f5\u00e1 > \u00f6 v\u0081\u0097s\u0081\u00e6\u0004\u008a\u00e3\u00ae8f\u00f1\u009d\u00f0 \u0083\u00fa z \u0094 ( mp\u00b2\u0098\u00aa\u00edh\u0088\u0098g + \u00e2y\u0001o\u00bf ? k\u00ec\u00b7\u000fn x\u0014\u00e6 ] \u00e90\u00f6sm\u0083\u0013\u00fb\u00b9 lux\u00f6 = \u008e\u00f0\u00eci\u00f3\b\u0015\u0010\u00eb\u00b1k\u00f0 . \u00a5 _ v\u0086\u00f5\u0083h\u0094 uf\u00f5s\u00e8\u009c\u00ea\u00b3 + v5co\u00f0j\u00a1\u008c\u00e8\u00e4\u00ea\u00b3\u000f\u009f \u0015\u00e0q\u0002\u00f8\u00aa ` \u0007\u00f2 c\u008e\u001b\u00e5\u00af $ ns\u00a7\u0013nd ] \u00ac\u00adg\u00f9\u00fa\u00ee\u00f3\u009c ; \u00ef\u0080\u00adwmop\u00e8 @ n\u007f\u00a8\u0003\u0095go\u00ee\u00bd\u00b1\u00e1\u000e\u00b6 < { \u00fdm\u00f8\u0003\u00ef\u00bf\u009f\u00f5\u00f3 \u00f8 : \u00e80z0\u00a6\u00e1\u00f2\u0005\u00fd\u00ec ' \u0091\u0000 = \u0006\u00b5\u0093a / \u00bb\u0006 \u00f9\u0002\u00ae\u0092 _ \u00e9\u00f9\u0001\u00fc\u00ee\u00fa\u00a5\u00aa6\u00bd } \u00fb \u00a5 * \u00f7wk\u00e6 = \u00ed\u008eu\u00f3o\u0091\u0095 { \u008dv\u0092lz\u00f5\u00ee \u00b7\u00e7\u00ec\u008fn { \u00fca\u0010\u00b8\u00f71\u00fb\u00ef\u00eb [ 4\u0092\u0084\u00bb\u00a3 \u00f4\u00bd\u00e9\u00f8\u008e | \u00a8\u000e\u00ff\u00e6 \\ \u00bc\u0095\u00fb\u001a : \u00bc ` 28\u0019\u00bb\n^ ilj\u00d7\u0083 \u0097\u00e0\u00aa\u00e3\u0089\u00e0\u00f0\n\u009fh\u00e0\u001ab \u00e1fqa\u00fd0\u00e4\u0014\u009e\u000e\u0091\u00b9\u00f0\u00e2\u00ee = } so7m\u00abgh\u00ba\u00a1\u00bb0 \u0082c\u00f8\u00109\u00e2 < \u00e2 > \u00e4\u008c\u00f9n\u0090\u0013\u00ec { \u008e\u00f7 < \u007f\u0094 & \u00f1\u00a4\u00efg\u00ec . \u00b7\u00f3\u00e3 \\ \u00e0c\u009e\u00f0 \u00ef\u008bj\u009e\u00ed\u00b1\u00ed\u0089 ' { \u0098\u00fd\u00b1\u00fd\u00f2\u0018 { a\u00b8 m\u00e6o\u00ba\u00bdk\u00fd\u00fe\u0002\u00b2e . o\u00f0\u001b\u0093wt [ \u00e7\u0001b\u0089\u0019cq\u000e\u008e\u00e8\u0003\u00a6 \u00fb\u00e4\u009c\u00f2\u00a1\u0010 \u00eaa\u0012\u0084\u009cb\u00f3\u00e3\u0000\u00ed + & \u00fb\u008d \u00e1\u0007 * \u00b5\u007fuz\u00ac\u00f0\u00b2 ( o\u00e3\u00e9j\u001ao\u00fap \u0097\u0094r\u00e1\u0094 ' \u00e9h\u00e5da $ n\u00f6\u0017lb\u009d\u00e2i q\u00e3\u008cw\u00e2 , \u00e0\u00f8\u0093\u00f8\u0097 0\u00e2\u00f0\u0082h\u0012\u0089v\u0018 \u00a3 > \u0096\u0090\u0019k\u00ed c\u00e8\u00f2\u0012 \u0087sng\u00b0\u00e8 ( \u00ef\u00fe2\u00bd\u00e1\n\u0011\u0082e\u0006\u00be\u00a4 < \u00fb\u00f9\u00f9 @ \u0011\u0002\u00e1 x8\u00e8\u009b\u00af\u00e8\u0081\u00b73\u00be\n2\u00e6\u00fez\u00f0\u00fc \u008e\u0016\u00ae\u0087\u00bc\u00e6\n\u00aa\u00f2\u0090 p\u00e8\u0001\u00ee\u0011\u00e0 ( \u0006 - i \u00168\u0092\u00b2\u00f1x9 ~ q\u00ecr\u00f5 \u00ea / . \u00bd\u008c\u008f\u00e2 ; / n\u00ec\u00fc\u00bb\u00e6\u00e8\u0096\u0015\u00fd\u009b 9\u00ea\u00e8c\u00aa ; \u00aa u\u00ab\u0013\u00f5\u00e9\u007fo ` \u00ee\u00e2\u0017v\u00fd\u00e1\u00a5\u00ea ? \u00aa\u00e7o\u00fc\u00f0\u000e\u0013\u00e7 > 5\u00ef\u000e\u0000x\u00f4\u008c\u0090\u00fd8t\u00bf\b6\u00fd\u00e18r \u00fb\u0099\u00a2b\u00bb\u007f\u00bd\u00b7\u00f8\u0099\u00e2c\u00e2\u0014 ? \u00a5 | \u00a5\u00f93\u00ee\u0004\u00e2 \u00e4\u000fm\u0083\u0014\u00e2\u00f4t \u00b5r = \u009e \u00a2l\n\u00e1 \u0005 \u0000\u0007\u00a7b\u00f5\u0093 \u00f1\u00e1\u00e8\u00af\u00a3\u00b6\u00e8s\u00b9\u0014n\u00e5k\u00f1\u00a1\u00e9\u0087\u0018\u008e ! ] \u00ec\u0006\u00860\u0083\u00e9\u00f4\u00fb\u0098x \u00e2\u00aa1h\u00e9\u00eb 1u\u00b2rf\u009b \u0086\u0015\u00ae2 \u0012 \u008d\u009f4\u00ebd = , | \u008c ' n = \u00ac\u00e6\u00b0 , \u00e2 e\u00easx\u00e1\u00ebr\b\u00f1\u00f4hd\u00ac\u00f8x\u00a2 / \u00f3 \u00f15 < \u0016t\u0005\u0098\u0012l\u00f8\u0016 hyhn\u00e9 $ _ \u00b1 ~ \u00a6\u00f3\u00bb\u00eb\u00e2\u00f1\u00e5 % \u00f2\u0089\u00eb\u00ab\u00af\u008dn\u00bc\u00ae\u0006\u00f6\u008e\u008c\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nmadagascar , reunion , seychelles . also australia , cyprus , india , thailand .\ntemelucha minuta is easily recognizable due to its small size and the m + cu vein of the fore wing basally spectral .\nthe coloration is known to be highly variable in this widespread species , which is a common parasitoid of p . operculella , the potato tuber moth ( gauld 1980 ) . the darkest malagasy specimens have extensive brown markings on the face so that the anterior half of genae and mesoscutum may be almost entirely black . lighter specimens have yellow notauli and the mesopleura with a yellow longitudinal band ( rousse et al . , 2011 ) .\ngauld , i . d . 1980 . notes on an economically important species of temelucha forster ( hymenoptera : ichneumonidae ) and a preliminary key to australian species . bulletin of entomological research . 70 , 43\u201347 .\nmorley , c . 1913 . the fauna of british india including ceylon and burma , hymenoptera , vol . 3 . ichneumonidae . london , british museum . 531pp .\nphotographs by agni\u010dle touret - alby \u00a9 mnhn ( specimens database urltoken ) . map illustration \u00a9 simon van noort ( iziko museums of south africa ) .\ncitation : van noort , s . 2018 . waspweb : hymenoptera of the afrotropical region . url : urltoken ( accessed on < day / month / year > ) .\nlike most websites we use cookies . this is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible .\ncontinuing to use urltoken means you agree to our use of cookies . if you would like to , you can learn more about the cookies we use .\ncab direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences , incorporating the leading bibliographic databases cab abstracts and global health . cab direct provides a convenient , single point of access to all of your cabi database subscriptions .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ south africa , kwazulu - natal ] , natal , weenen , ix\u2013x . 1925 , leg . s . p . thomasset ."]}
{"id": 43, "summary": [{"text": "erelieva parvulella is a species of snout moth in the genus erelieva .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by charles russell ely in 1910 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , including illinois and tennessee . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "erelieva parvulella", "paragraphs": ["erelieva heinrich , 1956 ; bull . u . s . natl . mus . 207 : 308 ; ts : pempelia quantulella hulst\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nneunzig , h . h . , 1990 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 15 . 3 , p . 126 ; pl . 5 . 35 - 36 . order\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\ndata and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho .\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\n[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on image to enlarge .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy ."]}
{"id": 48, "summary": [{"text": "elachista albifrontella is a moth of the elachistidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found from fennoscandia and northern russia to the pyrenees and italy and from ireland to romania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 8 \u2013 9 millimetres ( 0.31 \u2013 0.35 in ) .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have a whitish forehead .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they are on wing from june to july in one generation per year .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "the larvae feed on agrostis canina , alopecurus pratensis , arrhenatherum elatius , avena , avenula pubescens , brachypodium sylvaticum , bromus , calamagrostis arundinacea , calamagrostis epigejos , dactylis glomerata , deschampsia cespitosa , elymus repens , festuca rubra , holcus lanatus , holcus mollis , koeleria macrantha , luzula pilosa , milium effusum , phalaris arundinacea , phleum , poa pratensis , poa trivialis , trisetum and triticum species .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they mine the leaves of their host plant .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "the mine consists of a full depth blotch mine which descends from the leaf tip .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "it occupies half to the entire width of the blade .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "larvae may exit the mine and start again elsewhere .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "the frass is deposited in a narrow central line with a greyish brown colour .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "larvae can be found from september to may .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "pupation takes place outside of the mine . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "elachista albifrontella", "paragraphs": ["kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name\nvalkop\u00e4\u00e4hitukoi\nto\nelachista albifrontella\n.\nid : group g - fw dark with pale costal and tornal spots and other pale markings . pale markings without metallic sheen ; frons white > e . albifrontella / luticomella / alpinella / eskoi of these 4 only e . albifrontella shows a significant ' hump ' on the dorsum of the valva in the male genitalia male genitalia by key to group g : width across uncus lobes broader than width across tegumen immediately below uncus lobes ; vinculum with a narrow process ; uncus lobes separated by a ' v ' - shaped notch narrower than an uncus lobe ; dorsum of valva with a distinct hump at 3 / 4 ; aedeagus square at apex with a small thorn > e . albifrontella in both specimens \u00a71 & \u00a72 the aedeagus could be seen to be square at apex under microscope but this does not show well photographically apparently due to uneven sclerotisation and as with other species with only small thorns i could not see any thorns . e . orstadii is the only other species to show the combination of a v - shaped notch between the uncus lobes and a distinct dorsal hump on he valva - it has a dark frons and its median fascia is usually indistinct . female genitalia : i haven ' t got around to preparing a key to female genitalia as yet . elachista species are distinguishable on the shape of the antral region , the extent of spiculation in the antrum and the presence and form of the signum . the exact combination of these 3 features seen in the images below is sufficient to confirm the identification of \u00a73 .\nthis is a quite common species throughout most of the british isles , inhabiting a range of grassland habitats . named after the noticeably whitish forehead , the most likely confusion species is\n, which however has an additional white spot in the apical area of the forewing .\nduring september until around may , the larva mines a blade of a variety of grasses , leading to a pale blotch , sometimes moving between blades .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 07 - 04 23 : 52 : 45 page render time : 0 . 2103s total w / procache : 0 . 2544s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nleaf - miner : the larva mines from the grass tip downwards and the mine occupies half or the whole of the leaf blade width . a whitish blotch is formed with characteristic narrow streaks of frass ( british leafminers ) .\nfull depth blotch , slightly inflated , descending from the leaf tip , occupying half or the entire width of the blade . the larva may move and make a new mine elsewhere . in the latter case the mines are fairly short ; otherwise an entire blade may be mined out . frass in a some narrow greyish brown streaks . pupation outside the mine ( bladmineerders van europa ) .\nlarva : the larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles ( see video of a gracillarid larva feeding ) , six thoracic legs and abdominal legs ( see examples ) .\nthe larva is illustrated in british leafminers , ukmoths and ? bladmineerders van europa .\npupa : the pupae of moths have visible head appendages , wings and legs which lie in sheaths ( see examples ) .\nadult : the adult is illustrated in ukmoths . the species is included in urltoken .\ntime of year - adults : the adults fly in a single generation during june and july ( ukmoths ) .\nnorth aberdeenshire , north ebudes , north hampshire , north northumberland , north somerset , outer hebrides , pembrokeshire , shropshire , south aberdeenshire , south hampshire , south lancashire , south northumberland , south wiltshire , south - east yorkshire , south - west yorkshire , stafford , stirlingshire , warwickshire , west cornwall , west gloucestershire , west kent , west lancashire , west norfolk , west suffolk , westmorland and worcestershire ( nbn atlas ) .\nalso recorded in the republic of ireland and northern ireland ( karsholt and van nieukerken in fauna europaea ) . see also ireland ' s nbdc interactive map .\ndistribution elsewhere : widespread in continental europe including austria , belgium , czech republic , danish mainland , estonia , finland , french mainland , italian mainland , latvia , lithuania , luxembourg , norwegian mainland , poland , romania , russia - central , east , north and northwest , slovakia , sweden , switzerland and the netherlands ( karsholt and van nieukerken in fauna europaea ) .\nclick here to support naturespot by making a donation - small or large - your gift is very much appreciated . thank you .\nwingspan about 10 mm . named after the noticeably whitish forehead , the most likely confusion species is e . apicipunctella , which however has an additional white spot in the apical area of the forewing .\nthere are other very similar species in this genus which means that detailed examination of an actual specimen is generally needed to identify the exact species . a red box around the image indicates that we think it is likely to be this species but can ' t be 100 % certain .\nthis is a quite common species throughout most of the british isles . in the butterfly conservation\u2019s microlepidoptera report 2011 this species was classified as common .\nit appears to be uncommon in leicestershire and rutland , where there are few records . l & r moth group status = d ( rare or rarely recorded ) .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nfor the county , we have a total of 51 records from 30 sites . first recorded in 1859 .\n\u00a71 nethybridge , inverness - shire ; 11 / 07 / 2011 ; male \u00a72 nethybridge , inverness - shire ; 13 / 07 / 2011 ; male \u00a73 meshaw moor , devon ; 24 / 06 / 2016 ; female ; fw 3 . 6mm ; netted by day all images \u00a9 chris lewis\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nsanton downham ( b palmer , 1987 - 9 ) , eye ( p kitchener , 6 . vii . 2007 )\ncommon on the leaves of various grasses . flew to monks soham light in july 1933 , and was beaten from bushes at eriswell in late june 1914 ( mly ) . hemley in 1932 ( whit . ) ."]}
{"id": 71, "summary": [{"text": "potamocypris is a genus of ostracod crustaceans in the family cyprididae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "there are currently 42 extant species of potamocypris .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the majority of the species occur in freshwater habitats ; only a few species of the genus ( e.g. , potamocypris steueri ) colonize marine brackish coastal waters . ", "topic": 13}], "title": "potamocypris", "paragraphs": ["a bisexual population of potamocypris villosa , found in lago de encina , a mesotrophic lake in the cantabrian mountains , nw spain , is the first certain record of the male of this species . valves and soft parts are described . males of potamocypris - species lack a furca although a rudimentary furca is always present in females . the same applies to species of related genera , such as tanganyikacypridopsis and plesiocypridopsis . some remarks on the position of the genus potamocypris in the cyprinopsinae are presented .\ndoctype html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nbrand\u00e3o , s . n . ; angel , m . v . ; karanovic , i . ; perrier , v . & meidla , t . ( 2018 ) . world ostracoda database .\nmartens , k . ; savatenalinton , s . ( 2011 ) . a subjective checklist of the recent , free - living , non - marine ostracoda ( crustacea ) . zootaxa . 2855 : 1 - 79 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nmaddocks , r . f . , m . l . machain - castillo , and f . r . g\u00edo - arg\u00e1ez . 2009 . podocopan ostracoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 877\u2013894 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico\u2013origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nblanchard , r . , 1891 . r\u00e9sultats d ' une excursion zoologique en alg\u00e9rie . m\u00e9m . soc . zool . fr . 4 : 208\u2013245 .\nbroodbakker , n . , 1982 . amsterdam expeditions to the west - indian islands , rep . 20 . the genus\n( crustacea , ostracoda ) in the west indies . part 1 : taxonomic characters . bijdr . dierk . 52 : 207\u2013227 .\nbroodbakker , n . & d . danielopol , 1982 . the chaetotaxy of cypridacea ( crustacea , ostracoda ) limbs : proposals for a descriptive model . bijdr . dierk . 52 : 103\u2013120 .\ndanielopol , d . , 1982 . nouvelles donn\u00e9es sur les candoninae ( ostracoda ) hypog\u00e9s de roumanie et yougoslavie . bull . mus . natn . hist . nat . , paris , ser . 4 , 4 : 369\u2013396 .\nde deckker , p . , 1979 . comparative morphology and review of australian notodromatinae . senckenberg . biol . 59 : 417\u2013463 .\ngauthier , h . , 1928a . recherches sur la faune des eaux continentales de l ' alg\u00e9rie et de la tunisie . lechevallier , paris , 420 pp .\ngauthier , h . , 1928b . ostracodes et cladoc\u00e8res de l ' afrique du nord ( re note ) . bull . soc . hist . nat . afr . n . 19 : 10\u201319 .\ngauthier , h . , 1931 . faune aquatique du sahara central \u2014 r\u00e9coltes de mlg seurat au hoggar en 1928 . bull . soc . hist . nat . afr . n . 22 : 350\u2013400 .\ngauthier , h . , 1937 . ostracodes et cladoc\u00e8res de l ' afrique du nord ( 4e note ) . bull . soc . hist . nat . afr . n . 28 : 147\u2013155 .\nklie , w . , 1938 . ostracoda , muschelkrebse . in f . dahl ( ed . ) , die tierwelt deutschlands und der angrenzenden meeresteile , 34 . krebstiere oder crustacea . gustav fischer . jena , 230 pp .\nmartens , k . , 1984 . annotated checklist of non - marine ostracods ( crustacea , ostracoda ) from african inland waters . zool . dok . , k . mus . mid . afr . 20 , 51 pp .\nn . gen . ( crustacea , ostracoda ) from lake tanganyika . zool . scr . 14 ( in press ) .\n( crustacea , ostracoda ) . part 2 . species with long swimming setae on the second antennae . trav . sci . mus . hist . nat . luxembg . 6 , 95 pp .\nmoniez , r . , 1891a . faune des lacs sal\u00e9s d ' alg\u00e9rie . m\u00e9m . soc . zool . fr . 4 : 246\u2013257 .\nmoniez , r . , 1891b . les mles chez les ostracodes d ' eau douce . revue biol . n . fr . 3 : 354\u2013356 .\npetkovski , t . k . , 1963 . \u00fcber s\u00fcsswasser - ostracoden der azoren . bol . mus . municip . funchal 17 : 49\u201365 .\npetkovski , t . k . , 1966 . ostracoden aus einiger quellen der slowakei . acta mus . mazed . sci . nat . 10 : 91\u2013107 .\nrichard , j . , 1896 . sur l\u00e1 faune des eaux douces des a\u00e7ores . bull . soc . zool . fr . 21 : 171\u2013178 .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nin continuing your browsing of this site , you accept the use of cookies to offer you suitable content and services and realize visits statistics . learn more about cookies .\ncorresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years ( 20 years for little - known invertebrates ) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population . for migratory species , the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction .\nthe last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ vertebrates , invertebrates and plants well studied ( rhopalocera , grasshoppers , dragonflies . . . ) ] ;\nthe last reliable observation being older than 20 years , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ poorly known taxa : fungus , many invertebrates . . . ] .\nthis point covers the absence , more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence . this status is based on one or more of the following criteria :\nthis status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual .\nparticular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago ( older disappearances are treated as\nno probable or definite\n) .\nin the state of knowledge , we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department . this is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt .\nwarning : the data available reflects the progression status of knowledge or the availability of the inventories . it should never be considered as comprehensive .\nnational inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr ."]}
{"id": 81, "summary": [{"text": "jana preciosa is a moth in the eupterotidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by aurivillius in 1893 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in cameroon , the republic of congo , the democratic republic of congo , kenya , tanzania and uganda . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "jana preciosa", "paragraphs": ["jana preciosa aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 207 ; tl : camerun , buea\nczech designer , jana berg , talks about her collaboration with preciosa , our latest ' create ' campaign and what # chooseyourmoment means to her . urltoken\njana ( janini ) ; forbes , 1955 , tijdschr . ent . 98 : 128\njana dannfelti aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 208 ; tl : congo\njana obscura aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 208 ; tl : gold coast\njana preussi aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 209 ; tl : camerun interior\njana sigyna aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 209 ; tl : camerun interior\njana herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , [ 1854 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( i ) 1 ( 6 ) : pl . 21 , f . 98 - 100 ; ts : jana eurymas herrich - sch\u00e4ffer\njana aurivilliusi rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 488 ; tl : ogrugu\njana germana rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 488 ; tl : nandi , 6000ft\njana pseudostrigina rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 487 ; tl : lueho , kassai river\njana gracilis walker , 1855 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 4 : 913 ; tl : ashanti\njana variegata rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 490 ; tl : ocilonda , bib\u00e9 , angola\njana roseata rothschild , 1917 ; novit . zool . 24 ( 2 ) : 487 ; tl : marienheim , urundi , east africa\njana rustica strand , 1911 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 5 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : msamwia , s . ufipa\njana propinquestriata strand , 1911 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 5 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : s . cameroons , jaunde - station\njana nigristriata janse , 1915 ; ann . transv . mus . 5 ( 1 ) : 68 , pl . 9 ; tl : waterwal onder ; one - tree hill , natal ; new hanover , natal\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nella mai \u2013 boo ' d up ( remix ) ft . nicki minaj & quavo\ni agree with the processing and storage of personal data in accordance with the privacy statement and the general data protection regulation . *\nwe want to make you happy every month and to give out samples of the presented products , so that you also have the opportunity to try using these beads or seed beads and to show us the beautiful objects which you are able to make from them ! we will contact many of our followers every month and send them our beads and seed beads as a gift .\n1173x899 ( ~ 399kb ) ethiopia , amhara , lake hayk bank . 7th august 2012 , photo \u00a9 oleg kosterin\n1241x899 ( ~ 385kb ) ethiopia , amhara , lake hayk bank . 7th august 2012 , photo \u00a9 oleg kosterin\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nzoologische ergebnisse der expedition des herrn hauptmann a . d . fromm 1908 / 09 nach deutsch - ostafrica . i . lepidoptera\nweymer , 1909 exotische lepidopteren dt . ent . z . iris 22 ( 1 ) : 1 - 35\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\naurivillius c . 1893 . diagnosen neuer lepidopteren aus afrika . - entomologisk tidskrift 14 ( 3 ) : 199\u2013214 ."]}
{"id": 84, "summary": [{"text": "nevadopalpa alboaura is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by povoln\u00fd in 1999 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "nevadopalpa alboaura", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for alboaura definition . you find here alboaura meaning , synonyms of alboaura and images for alboaura copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nnevadopalpa alboaura povolny , 1999 , n . sp . , shilap rev . de lepid . , v . 27 , no . 107 , p . 379 - 391 .\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word alboaura . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word alboaura and , of course , alboaura synonyms and on the right images related to the word alboaura .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nnomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more"]}
{"id": 86, "summary": [{"text": "abraximorpha is a small asian genus of skippers .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "species in abraximorpha are abraximorpha davidii ( mabille , 1876 ) abraximorpha esta evans , 1949 abraximorpha heringi liu & gu , 1994 abraximorpha pieridoides mell , 1922", "topic": 29}], "title": "abraximorpha", "paragraphs": ["establishment of a new genus for abraximorpha heringi and a . pieridoides < br / > ( lepidoptera : hesperiidae : pyrginae : tagiadini ) .\nestablishment of a new genus for abraximorpha heringi and a . pieridoides < br / > ( lepidoptera : hesperiidae : pyrginae : tagiadini ) . - pubmed - ncbi\n[ vietnam ] abraximorpha heringi ; devyatkin , 2012 ; 151 , figs . 1\u2642 ( as daimio tethys roona ) , 2\u2642 ( un , as daimio tethys roona ) . ( n : lao cai , van ban / c : thua thien hue , bach ma ) abraximorpha heringi ; monastyrskii & devyatkin , 2015 ; 75 . ( n : cao ca : van ban / c : thua thien hue : bach ma )\non : abraximorpha heringi mell , 1922 od : deut . ent . zeit . 1922 : 120 - 121 . tl : drachenkopf , nordkuangtung , china . ( \u2640 ) distribution : n . vietnam , china .\na new hesperiid genus , albiphasma gen . nov . , is described with abraximorpha heringi as the type species . the new genus consists of two species : al . heringi comb . nov . and al . pieridoides comb . nov . the genitalia and hair tuft on the hind tibiae suggest that the new genus is related to the genus pintara rather than the genus abraximorpha to which the two species have been assigned . the geographic distribution is currently restricted to southern china and vietnam . the adult , hind leg , wing venation and male genitalia of al . heringi as well as relevant species are illustrated .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis media file is licensed under the creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike license - version 2 . 0 .\ncorrespondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nhuang zf 1 , chiba h 2 , wang m 1 , fan xl 3 .\ndepartment of entomology , college of agriculture , south china agricultural university , guangzhou 510640 , china ; email : unknown .\nb . p . bishop museum , 1525 bernice street , honolulu , hawaii , 96817 - 0916 u . s . a . ; email : unknown .\ndepartment of entomology , college of agriculture , south china agricultural university , guangzhou 510640 , china ; email : fanxiaol66 @ scau . edu . cn .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nnomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .\nthe performance results on this page are hypothetical . click here for more information concerning the hypothetical results presented on this website and the inherent limitations associated with hypothetical results .\nto prove their performance , because they can be modified or altered by the users .\nthe comments section is intended for investors to express their opinion on a certain trader , so that the general zulutrade community can benefit from the testimony of their experience .\n1 . advertising . no advertising of services , including of other traders , is allowed .\n2 . offensive content . no personal attacks or messages targeting specific individuals / groups . profanity or language or malicious remarks will be rejected .\n4 . irrelevant content . postings must be strictly related to the trader\u2019s trading performance and results ; for any other zulutrade / forex / execution comments or queries , please use the forum or contact our support department .\nthis site is not intended to be a solicitation of transactions to customers living in the united states of america .\ntrading spot currencies involves substantial risk and there is always the potential for loss . your trading results may vary . because the risk factor is high in the foreign exchange market trading , only genuine\nrisk\nfunds should be used in such trading . if you do not have the extra capital that you can afford to lose , you should not trade in the foreign exchange market . no\nsafe\ntrading system has ever been devised , and no one can guarantee profits or freedom from loss .\nthe hypothetical performance results displayed on this website are hypothetical results in that they represent trades made in a demonstration ( \u201cdemo\u201d ) account . transaction prices were determined by assuming that buyers received the ask price and sellers the bid price of quotes zulutrade receives from the forex broker at which a signal provider maintains a demo account . the hypothetical results do not include any additional mark - ups or commissions which may be charged by a customer\u2019s forex broker and are based on a one lot trade size . trades placed in demo accounts are based on a signal provider having access to an unlimited amount of funds . as a result , demo accounts are not subject to margin calls and have the ability to withstand large , sustained drawdowns which a customer account may not be able to afford . trades placed in demo accounts are not subject to price slippage which may occur when a signal is actually traded in a customer account . the number of pips gained or lost by each signal provider may be based on the trading of mini , micro or standard lots . the performance of customers electing to trade a different lot size from those used by a signal provider will therefore vary . further , customers may place trades independent of those provided by a signal provider or place customized orders to exit positions which differ from those of a signal provider . all performance results presented only include the results of completed trades and do not reflect the profit or loss on open positions . due to differences in the bid / ask offered by various counterparties , all trades executed in the account of a signal provider may not be executed in a customer account if the bid / ask of the forex broker at which the customer maintains the customer\u2019s account is different from that of the signal provider\u2019s broker or due to volatility in the market . customers may elect not to follow all of the trading signals provided by the signal providers or be able trade the recommended number of contracts due to insufficient funds in an account . therefore , the results portrayed are not indicative of an account which may have traded all a signal provider\u2019s signals or contracts . further , by electing to follow a number of different signal providers at one time , customers may not be able to follow all of the signals generated due to the customer\u2019s account having insufficient funds . accordingly , the performance of customer accounts may vary signicantly from the results portrayed on this website .\nhypothetical performance results have many inherent limitations , some of which are described below . no representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those shown . in fact , there are frequently sharp differences between hypothetical performance results and the actual results subsequently achieved by any particular trading program . one of the limitations of hypothetical performance results is that they are generally prepared with the benefit of hindsight . in addition , hypothetical trading does not involve financial risk , and no hypothetical trading record can completely account for the impact of financial risk in actual trading . for example , the ability to withstand losses or to adhere to a particular trading program in spite of trading losses are material points which can also adversely affect actual trading results . there are numerous other factors related to the markets in general or to the implementation of any specific trading program which cannot be fully accounted for in the preparation of hypothetical performance results and all of which can adversely affect actual trading results .\n[ 1 ] the futures commission merchant (\nfcm\n) and zulutrade are compensated for their services through the spread between the bid / ask prices or there may be a cost to initiate a trade through the bid / ask spread . signing up is totally free , and there is no contract and no monthly fees , ever .\n[ 2 ] past performance is not indicative of future results . this website does not make any representation whatsoever that the above mentioned trading systems might be or are suitable or that they would be profitable for you . please realize the risk involved with trading forex investments and consult an investment professional before proceeding . the trading systems herein described have been developed for sophisticated traders who fully understand the nature and the scope of the risks that are associated with trading . should you decide to trade any or all of these systems ' signals , it is your decision . the performance results displayed on this website are hypothetical in that they represent trades made in a demonstration (\ndemo\n) account . the trades placed in the demo account take into consideration the spread between the bid and ask prices which would have been paid by a trader if an actual trade was made . transaction prices were determined by assuming that buyers received the ask price and sellers the bid price of quotes provided by a large forex broker .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > the annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a uniprotkb entry or proteome . this score < strong > cannot < / strong > be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the \u2018correct annotation\u2019 for any given protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / annotation _ score ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein . note that the \u2018protein existence\u2019 evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence ( s ) displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ existence ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides any useful information about the protein , mostly biological knowledge . < p > < a href = ' / help / function _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> function < / a > section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme , i . e . the chemical reaction it catalyzes . this information usually correlates with the presence of an ec ( enzyme commission ) number in the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section . < p > < a href = ' / help / catalytic _ activity ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > information which has been generated by the uniprotkb automatic annotation system , without manual validation . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000256\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > the < a href =\nurltoken\n> gene ontology ( go ) < / a > project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories : < p > < a href = ' / help / gene _ ontology ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > uniprotkb keywords constitute a < a href =\nurltoken\n> controlled vocabulary < / a > with a hierarchical structure . keywords summarise the content of a uniprotkb entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest . < p > < a href = ' / help / keywords ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides information about the protein and gene name ( s ) and synonym ( s ) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / names _ and _ taxonomy _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein , from commonly used to obsolete , to allow unambiguous identification of a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ names ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section indicates the name ( s ) of the gene ( s ) that code for the protein sequence ( s ) described in the entry . four distinct tokens exist : \u2018name\u2019 , \u2018synonyms\u2019 , \u2018ordered locus names\u2019 and \u2018orf names\u2019 . < p > < a href = ' / help / gene _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000313\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section indicates if the gene coding for the protein originates from the hydrogenosome , the mitochondrion , the nucleomorph , different plastids or a plasmid . the absence of this section means that the gene is located in one of the main chromosomal element ( s ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / encoded _ on ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides information on the name ( s ) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / organism - name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section shows the unique identifier assigned by the ncbi to the source organism of the protein . this is known as the \u2018taxonomic identifier\u2019 or \u2018taxid\u2019 . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ identifier ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism . it lists the nodes as they appear top - down in the taxonomic tree , with the more general grouping listed first . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ lineage ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell . < p > < a href = ' / help / subcellular _ location _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> ' subcellular location ' < / a > section describes the extent of a membrane - spanning region of the protein . it denotes the presence of both alpha - helical transmembrane regions and the membrane spanning regions of beta - barrel transmembrane proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / transmem ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain ( s ) present in a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / family _ and _ domains _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018family and domains\u2019 section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ similarities ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry . it also includes information pertinent to the sequence ( s ) , including < a href =\nurltoken\n> length < / a > and < a href =\nurltoken\n> molecular weight < / a > . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequences _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> sequence < / a > section indicates if the < a href =\nurltoken\n> canonical sequence < / a > displayed by default in the entry is complete or not . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > the checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence . it is useful for tracking sequence updates . < / p > < p > it should be noted that while , in theory , two different sequences could have the same checksum value , the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low . < / p > < p > however uniprotkb may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes ( paralogs ) . < / p > < p > the checksum is computed as the sequence 64 - bit cyclic redundancy check value ( crc64 ) using the generator polynomial : x < sup > 64 < / sup > + x < sup > 4 < / sup > + x < sup > 3 < / sup > + x + 1 . the algorithm is described in the iso 3309 standard . < / p > < p class =\npublication\n> press w . h . , flannery b . p . , teukolsky s . a . and vetterling w . t . < br / > < strong > cyclic redundancy and other checksums < / strong > < br / > < a href =\nurltoken\n> numerical recipes in c 2nd ed . , pp896 - 902 , cambridge university press ( 1993 ) < / a > ) < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018sequence\u2019 section is used for sequence fragments to indicate that the residue at the extremity of the sequence is not the actual terminal residue in the complete protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / non _ ter ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence ( s ) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds ( 100 % , 90 % and 50 % ) based on their membership in uniprot reference clusters ( < a href =\nurltoken\n> uniref < / a > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / similar _ proteins _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than uniprotkb . < p > < a href = ' / help / cross _ references _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides general information on the entry . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ information _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018entry information\u2019 section provides a mnemonic identifier for a uniprotkb entry , but it is not a stable identifier . each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into uniprotkb / swiss - prot . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018entry information\u2019 section provides one or more accession number ( s ) . these are stable identifiers and should be used to cite uniprotkb entries . upon integration into uniprotkb , each entry is assigned a unique accession number , which is called \u2018primary ( citable ) accession number\u2019 . < p > < a href = ' / help / accession _ numbers ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018entry information\u2019 section shows the date of integration of the entry into uniprotkb , the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ( \u2018last modified\u2019 ) . the version number for both the entry and the < a href =\nurltoken\n> canonical sequence < / a > are also displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ history ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018entry information\u2019 section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by uniprotkb curators or not , in other words , if the entry belongs to the swiss - prot section of uniprotkb ( < strong > reviewed < / strong > ) or to the computer - annotated trembl section ( < strong > unreviewed < / strong > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 ."]}
{"id": 87, "summary": [{"text": "eccopisa is a genus of snout moths .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by zeller in 1848 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it contains the species e. effractella .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it is found in most of europe , except fennoscandia , ireland and estonia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 14-16.5 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the larvae live in spun leaves of various deciduous trees . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "eccopisa", "paragraphs": ["type - species : eccopisa effractella zeller , 1848 . isis , leipzig : 648 .\nif you have any good quality photographs and would like to contribute , please contact me by email at ian @ ukmoths . co . uk .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 15 22 : 30 : 42 page render time : 0 . 2110s total w / procache : 0 . 2831s\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nlike most websites we use cookies . this is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible .\ncontinuing to use urltoken means you agree to our use of cookies . if you would like to , you can learn more about the cookies we use .\nwe\u2019d value your feedback on the tool . our survey takes only five minutes to complete .\nthe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available . when several references are cited , they may give conflicting information on the status . further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can be selected by going to generate report .\none or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using .\nplease consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en\nurltoken\nnotes : very rare immigrant ( less than 10 previous uk records ) to the south coast of england from central europe . one of unknown origin was recorded in the grounds of buckingham palace on 12 july 1995 , and a genuine migrant at dungeness , kent on 14 september 2006 , with no further records to date . not recorded in hampshire or on the isle of wight to date . wingspan 16 - 18 mm . distinctive nut - brown forewing and , in males , diagnostic indentation in costal edge of hindwing about one quarter along the wing , visible with a lens from below . no evidence of breeding in the uk .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nje ne saurais que trop vous conseiller l\u2019ouvrage du groupe d\u2019etude des invert\u00e9br\u00e9s armoricains sur les pyrales de la manche . a retrouver sur le site pour le commander .\ntype specimens : ? type status ? country : ? locality , ( ? depository ) . .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nin continuing your browsing of this site , you accept the use of cookies to offer you suitable content and services and realize visits statistics . learn more about cookies .\n: angiospermivora regier , c . mitter , kristensen , davis , van nieukerken , rota , simonsen , k . t . mitte , kawahara , yen , cummings & zwick , 2015\n: euheteroneura regier , c . mitter , kristensen , davis , van nieukerken , rota , simonsen , k . t . mitte , kawahara , yen , cummings & zwick , 2015\nnational inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services ."]}
{"id": 90, "summary": [{"text": "epermenia aarviki is a moth in the epermeniidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by gaedike in 2013 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in kenya and tanzania . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "epermenia aarviki", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for aarviki definition . you find here aarviki meaning , synonyms of aarviki and images for aarviki copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word aarviki . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word aarviki and , of course , aarviki synonyms and on the right images related to the word aarviki .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ntanzania , morogoro district & town , 550\u2013600 m , 25 . iii . 1992 , leg . l . aarvik .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 7034\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2640 , rmca , coll . agassiz .\ngaedike r . 2013 . new or poorly known epermeniidae of the afrotropis ( lepidoptera , epermenioidea ) . - beitr\u00e4ge zur entomologie 63 ( 1 ) : 149\u2013168 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bmnh 22774\u2642 , bmnh ; paratypes 6\u2642 , genitalia slides zmhb 201608 , nhmo 2898\u2642 , 1899\u2642 , bmnh , zmhb , nhmo , coll . ustjuzhanin .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide koster 7445\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 11\u2642 , 4\u2640 , genitalia slides koster 7502 , 7503 ; 7483\u2640 , 8100\u2642 , 8101\u2642 , 7663\u2642 , 7707\u2642 , 7719\u2642 , rmca , tmsa .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide koster 7443\u2642 , rmca ; paratypes 25\u2642 , 8\u2640 , genitalia slides koster 7995\u2642 , 5731 , 7462 , 7496\u2640 , 7724 7725\u2640 , 7701\u2642 , 7702\u2642 , 7726\u2642 , 7727\u2642 , 7703\u2642 , 7982\u2642 , 7987\u2642 , 7974\u2642 , rmca , rmnh , bmnh , zmhb , nhmo .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide koster 7457\u2640 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2640 . rmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide koster 7723\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 4\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides koster 7721\u2642 , 8204\u2642 , 7490\u2640 , nhmo , bmnh , rmnh .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide gaedike 7625\u2640 , nhmo ; paratype 2\u2640 , rmca , coll . agassiz .\nholotype \u2642 , nmk ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 2\u2640 , sdei , nhmo , coll . agassiz .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 7047\u2642 , rmca ent 000003199 , rmca ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 1\u2640 , 1 specimen without abdomen , rmca , sdei , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide karisch 2335\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 26\u2642 , 15\u2640 , genitalia slides fibiger 4368\u2642 , 4429\u2642 , 4369\u2640 , 4430\u2640 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 14\u2642 , 812 , genitalia slides fibiger 4404\u2640 , 4405\u2640 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , bmnh ; paratypes 13\u2642 , 12\u2640 , genitalia slides bidzilya 1361\u2640 , 1360\u2642 , 398 / 14\u2640 , 1490\u2642 , 1491\u2640 , nmk , bmnh , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bidzilya 2378\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide bidzilya 2375\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide agassiz 1405\u2642 , bmnh ; paratypes 16\u2642 , 21\u2640 , genitalia slides agassiz 1406\u2640 , 1467\u2640 , 872\u2642 , bmnh , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , mwm ; paratypes 24\u2642 , mwm , nhmo , zsm , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide lehmann 28 / 092008\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 13\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides lehmann 14 / 062009 , 18 / 062009 , 06 / 062009 , 10 / 072009 , 16 / 102008 , 17 / 122008 , 12 / 112008 , 22 / 042009 , 27 / 032009 , nhmo , rmca , snhm , zsm , zmuc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide lehmann 17 / 072008\u2642 ( nhmo 1629\u2642 ) , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide lehmann 28 / 072008\u2642 ( nhmo 1630\u2642 ) , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide lehmann 01 / 112006\u2642 , nmk ; paratypes 2\u2642 , genitalia slides lehmann 25 / 022008\u2642 ( nhmo 1624\u2642 ) , 23 / 022008\u2642 ( nhmo 1625\u2642 ) , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide lehmann 09 / 072008\u2642 ( nhmo 1626\u2642 ) , nhmo .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide lehmann 16 / 072008\u2640 ( nhmo 1627\u2640 ) , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide lehmann 24 / 072008\u2640 ( nhmo 1628\u2640 ) , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 14958 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642j genitalia slide hacker 15352 , zsm .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 15918 , hnhm ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 16111 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 14634\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 7\u201311 , 4\u2640 , zsm , bmnh , zmhb , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 11195\u2642 , zsm ; 106 paratypes \u2642 and \u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 10854 , 12386 , 15085 , 15088 , 15089 , 15108 , zsm , nhmo , coll . aulombard , bischof .\nholotype \u2642 , nhmo ; allotype \u2640 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2642 , zmuo , mnhn .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide h . hacker 8835\u2640 , zsm ; paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 [ number not stated ,\nnumerous\n] , genitalia slides h . hacker 10612\u2642 , 10617\u2642 , zsm , nhmo , coll . bischof , bittermann , fibiger , schreier .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 14677 , nhmo ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 15402 , 16109 , bmnh , mnvd , coll . hoppe .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 12562\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 27\u2642 , 26\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 12562 , 12566 , 12570 , 15008 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 12592 , zsm ; paratypes 22\u2642 , 7\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 12490 , 12589 , 12597 , 13430 , 13431 , 13434 , 14065 , 14085 , 14628 , 14665 , 14832 , 15044 , 15048 , 15050 , 15053 , zsm , nhmo , nhmw , hnhm , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 24415\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 24553\u2642 , 24414\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 24395\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 24287\u2640 , 24301\u2640 , 24682\u2642 , nhmo , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 24200\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 17053\u2642 , zsm .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 14977\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 8\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 14827 , 15100 , 15801 , fibiger 5755 , zsm , zmuc , nhmo , coll . aarvik .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18537 , zsm ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18583 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18642\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 3\u2642 , 5\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18643\u2640 , nhmo , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18856 , zsm ; paratypes 11\u2642 , 11\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18650 , 18657 , 18849 , 18863 , 18858 , 18546 , 18849 , 18651 , 18653 , 18592 , 18864 , 18869 , 18865 , 18602 , derra 8591 , zsm , nhmw , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18652\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 19753\u2642 , zsm .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18835 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 19624 , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 19478\u2642 , rmca ; paratypes 3\u2642 , 6\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 19479 , 18756\u2640 , 18922 , bmnh 491 , rmca , nhmo , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18526\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 3\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18170\u2642 , 19107\u2640 , 19100\u2642 , 18519\u2640 , zsm , nhmo , nhmw .\nholotype , genitalia slide hacker 18846 , zsm ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 8\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18657 , 18667 , 19508 , 19506 , 19507 , zsm , nhmo , mnvd , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18658\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18660\u2642 , 18814 , 18783\u2640 , 19192 , 19415 , derra 8592 , zsm , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18834\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18861\u2640 , mnvd .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18343\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 13\u2642 , 15\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18388 , 18185 , 18318 , 19496 , 19497 , zsm , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18407 , nhmw ; paratypes 8\u2642 , 10\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18314 , 18380 , 19781 , 19362 , 18971 , zsm , nhmo , nhmw , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18426\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 14\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18917 , zsm , nhmo , nhmw .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 19089\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 18\u2642 , 11\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18056 , 18053 , 18576 , 18088 , 18570 , 19600 , 19261 , 19251 , 19256 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18740\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18920 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 19594\u2642 , coll . k\u00fchne ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18746\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18748\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 10\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18441 , 19120 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide derra 8575\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18797\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18659\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 4\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18662\u2642 , 19493 , 19248 , zsm , nhmo , zhmb , rmca .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18974 , zsm ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 14\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 19838 , 18641 , 19413 , 19380 , 19194 , 19403 , 19438 , derra 8751 , zsm , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 19125\u2640 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 19488\u2640 , 19492\u2640 , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18221\u2642 , nhmw ; paratypes 4\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18215 , 18216 , 18761 , 18925\u2640 , 18924\u2642 , nhmw , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18322\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 11\u2642 , 6\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18414 , 19560 , 18916\u2642 , 19608 , zsm , zmhb , nhmo , rmca , coll . hoppe .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18156\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 11\u2642 , genitalia slides hacker 19402 , 19416 , 19371 , 18826\u2642 , zsm , rmca , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18999 , zsm ; paratypes 16\u2642 , 26\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18993 , 19672 , 19673 , 18991 , 18994 , 18990 , 19842 , 19840 , 19839n 18236 , 19137 , zsm , nhmo , coll . hoppe .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18521\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 39\u2642 , 5\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18522 , 19468 , 19469 , 18175 , 19451 , 19452 , zsm , mnvd , rmca , nhmo .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 19114\u2640 , nhmo ; paratypes 4\u2640 , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18640\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , zsm .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18792\u2642 , nhmo ; 23 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18791 , 18787 , 18965 , 18954 , 19372 , derra 8587 , nhmo , bmnh , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18654\u2642 , mnvd ; paratypes 2\u2642 , genitalia slides derra 8499\u2642 , hacker 18715\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18723\u2640 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 19592\u2640 , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18691\u2642 , nhmo ; 41 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18666 , 18716\u2642 , 19795 , 18945 , 18951 , 18953 , 18986 , 19584 , 18833 , 18208 , 18428 , 19442 , 19439 , 19357 , 19444 , 19443 , 18857 , nhmo , zsm , rmca , mnvd .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18668\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 5\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18982\u2640 , 18968\u2640 , zsm .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18938\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 23\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18935 , 18225 , 18210 , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18777\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 8\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18751 , 18778 , 19128 , 19126 , 19129 , 19127 , 18816 , nhmo , mnvd , coll . hoppe .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18434\u2642 , zsm ; ca . 140 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18435 , 19102 , 19111 , 19141 , 19142 , 18944 , 18398 , 19392 , 18785 , 19144 , 19391 , zsm , nhmw , rmca , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide derra 8502 , zsm ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 4\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18837 , 18855 , 18788 , derra 8500 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2640 , zsm ; ca . 300 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides derra 8772 , hacker 19723 , 19722 , 18192 , 18188 , 18145 , 18351 , 18101 , 19172 , 18174 , 18132 , 18181 , 18169 , 18468 , 18342 , 18563 , 18622 , 18607 , 19589 , 19346 , 18311 , 18329 , etc . , zsm , nhmo , rmca , zmhb .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18266 , zsm ; paratypes 11\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18384 , 18340 , 18341 , 18722 , 18770 , 19473 , 19587 , zsm , zmhb , nhmo , rmca , coll . legrain .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18109 , zsm ; paratypes 4\u2642 , 8\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18165 , 18166 , 19368 , zsm , nhmo , bmnh , rmca .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18870\u2640 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 5\u2640 , genitalia slides derra 8749\u2642 , 8518 , 8746 , 8748 , 8555 , 8768 , znhmo , zsm .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 19685 , zsm ; 59 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 19693 , 19685 , 19573 , zsm , nhmo , zmhb .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18745\u2640 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 24\u2642 , 8\u2640 , genitalia slides derra 8631 , hacker 18386 , 18682 , 18689 , 18762 , 18806 , 18775 , 18776 , zsm , nhmw , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide derra 8514\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide derra 8576\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 19660\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide derra 8602\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2642 , genitalia slide derra 8599\u2642 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18356\u2642 , zsm ; 73 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18347 , 18345 , 19681 , 19682 , 18717 , 19679 , 19680 , 18584 , zsm , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 14\u2640 , genitalia slides derra 8778 , 8779 , 8821 , hacker 19691 , 19695 , zsm , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18375\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes [ number not stated , but more than 40 ] \u2642 , \u2640 , zsm , nhmo , zmuc , rmca , zmhb .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18382 , zsm ; paratypes 7\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides hacker 18294 , 19420 , 19607 , 19749 , 19730 , derra 8565 , zsm , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide c . gielis 4448\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide gielis 5618\u2642 , coll . gielis .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide c . gielis 4972 , coll . c . gielis ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 7\u2640 , genitalia slides c . gielis 3674 , 3677 , 3679 , 3680 , 4972 , coll . c . gielis , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide c . gielis 4461\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide c . gielis 5629\u2640 , rmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 22758\u2642 , bmnh ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 15\u2640 , bmnh , zin , nhmo , zmhb , tmsa , coll . ustjuzhanin .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 22756\u2642 , bmnh ; 28 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slide 22757\u2642 , bmnh , zin , nhmo , zmhb , tmsa , coll . ustjuzhanin .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide c . gielis 5730\u2640 , coll . c . gielis ; paratype 1\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gielis 6559 , rmca ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides gielis 6611 , 6681 , nhmo , zmuc , coll . gielis , agassiz .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide c . gielis 4473\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 5\u2640 , genitalia slides c . gielis 5623\u2640 , 5732\u2640 , nhmo , rmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 22760\u2642 , bmnh ; 16 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , bmnh , zin , nhmo , zmhb , tmsa , coll . ustjuzhanin .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide c . gielis 6674\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide c . gielis 6692\u2640 , nhmo , coll . gielis .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide c . gielis 4475\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 7\u2642 , 4\u2640 , genitalia slides c . gielis 5617 , 5682 , 5737 , hnhm , coll . c . gielis .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 1323\u2642 , mhng ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide c . gielis 4463\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide c . gielis 5727 , coll . c . gielis ; paratypes 4\u2642 , 4\u2640 , genitalia slides c . gielis 5726 , 5687 , hnhm , nhmo , coll . c . gielis .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide c . gielis 5634\u2640 , nhmo ; paratype 2\u2640 , genitalia slides c . gielis 6526\u2640 , 6571\u2640 , coll . gielis , rmca .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide c . gielis 4061\u2640 , zmuc ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide c . gielis 6527\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1611x\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1628x\u2642 ( nhmo 2647\u2642 ) , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide b . bengtsson 1214x\u2642 , bmnh ; paratypes 8\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides b . bengtsson 1124x\u2642 , 1146x\u2640 , 1144x\u2642 , 1145x\u2642 , 1565x\u2642 , 1619x\u2642 , 203x\u2640 , bmnh , zmuc , nhmo , coll . bengtsson .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1604x\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1626x\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2640 , genitalia slides bengtsson 1627x\u2640 , 1440x\u2640 , nhmo , tmsa .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1609x\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1610x\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1623x\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1613x\u2640 , nhmo ; paratypes 8\u2642 , genitalia slides bengtsson 1614x\u2642 , 1568x\u2642 , nhmo , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1201x\u2642 , nmk ; paratypes 12\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides bengtsson 1202x\u2642 , 1199x\u2640 , bmnh , nmk , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1602x\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 10\u2642 , 6\u2640 , genitalia slides bengtsson 1601x\u2642 , 1603x\u2640 , 1567x\u2640 , 1573x\u2640 , nhmo , bmnh .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1211x\u2640 , bmnh ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide bengtsson 1948x\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide b . bengtsson 918x\u2642 , zmuc ; paratypes 2\u2642 , genitalia slide b . bengtsson 1605x\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 1792\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 3\u2640 , genitalia slide nhmo 1779 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 1791\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 10\u2642 , 9\u2640 , genitalia slides l . aarvik 2006 . 023 , 2006 . 024 , nhmo , nmk , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide l . aarvik 2762\u2642 ( nhmo 1795\u2642 ) , nhmpo ; paratypes 3\u2640 , genitalia slide l . aarvik 2763\u2640 ( nhmo 1796\u2640 ) , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2222 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , coll . l . aarvik .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 1794\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 5\u2640 , genitalia slide l . aarvik 1153\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , nmk ; 9 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , nmk , bmnh , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 2840\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 13\u2642 , 6\u2640 , genitalia slides nhmo 2159\u2642 , 2160\u2642 , 2162\u2640 , 2720\u2640 , aarvik 2015 . 013\u2642 , 2015 . 014\u2642 , nhmo , bmnh , coll . larsen .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 2839\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides nhmo 2156\u2642 , 2721\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 1782\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 7\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide l . aarvik 2812 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 2020 , nhmo ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 3\u2640 , genitalia slides nhmo 2021 , bmnh 31330 , aarvik 2007 . 013 , 2007 . 014 , 2010 . 004 , nhmo , bmnh , rcma .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2734 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2642 , abdomen missing ( see aarvik et al . 2012 : 353 ) , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmop 2010 , nhmo ; paratypes 3\u2642 , 3\u2640 , genitalia slides aarvik 2007 . 015 , 2007 . 016 , karisch 2245 , 2248 [ usnm 84924 ] , bmnh 32542 , nhmo , bmnh , usnm .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide ararvik 2810 , nhmo ; paratypes 4\u2642 , genitalia slides aarvik 2809 , 2811 , 2010 . 002 , nhmo , rmca .\nholotype \u2640 , bmnh ; 7 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , bmnh , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 1780\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 3\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 1151\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slide nhmo 1152 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide l . aarvik 2009 . 001\u2642 , bmnh ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides l . aarvik 2009 . 002 , 2009 . 003 , nhmo , coll . agassiz .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide l . aarvik 2532\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide l . aarvik 21036 , mrac / kmma 00036\u2640 , rmca , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2723\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 4\u2642 and 2\u2640 , genitalia slides aarvik 2739 , 2740 , nhmo , coll . aarvik .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik , 2724\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 3\u2642 and 1\u2640 , genitalia slide aarvik 2722 , nhmo , coll . aarvik .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2008 . 020\u2642 , zmuc ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2742\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2738\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide aarvik 2013 . 009 , nhmo 2286\u2640 , nhmo , zmhb .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2013 . 017\u2642 , rmca ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 2405\u2642 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 2303\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide aarvik 2847\u2642 , nhmo 2284\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 2398\u2642 , nhmo ; paratypes 5\u2640 , genitalia slides nhmo 2399\u2640 , 2401\u2640 , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide nhmo 2246\u2642 , nhmo ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide aarvik 2012 . 012\u2640 , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2012 . 007 , bmnh ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides aarvik 2013 . 022\u2642 , 2012 . 013\u2640 , nhmo 2245\u2640 , bmnh , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide l . aarvik 22012\u2642 , bmnh ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 4\u2640 , genitalia slide aarvik 22013\u2640 ( nhmo 2830\u2640 ) , nmk , bmnh , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide aarvik 2761 , nhmo ; paratypes 5\u2642 , genitalia slides aarvik 2291 , 2292 , nhmo , coll . aarvik .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a fact about epernon ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for epernon ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 92, "summary": [{"text": "mosopia is a genus of moths of the noctuidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in south-east asia , including thailand , borneo and malaysia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the genus was first described by francis walker in 1866 from a specimen in the british museum .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "the specimen walker describes was from penang in malaysia .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "walker gave mosopia megaspila as a type species .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "this species has a wingspan of 39 millimetres ( 1.5 in ) with a large distinctive black spot in the middle of each forewings ( hence the name megaspila , which means \" large spotted \" ) .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are three other species classified under the mosopia genus . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "mosopia", "paragraphs": ["mosopia eudoxusalis ; [ poole ] ; [ mob17 ] , 59 , f . 138 , 154 , pl . 2\nmosopia megaspila walker , [ 1866 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 34 : 1188 ; tl : penang\ngenus : mosopia walker , 1866 . list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . ( 34 ) : 1187 . [ bhl ]\ntype - species : mosopia megaspila walker , 1866 . list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . : 1188 . [ bhl ]\nmosopia kononenkoi holloway , 2008 ; moths of borneo 17 : 60 , f . 139 , 153 , pl . 2 ; tl : sabah , brumas\nmosopia megaspila ; holloway , 1976 , moths of borneo with special reference to mt . kinabalu : 40 ; [ poole ] ; [ mob17 ] , 58 , f . 142 , 152 , pl . 2\nmosopia pallidusalis holloway , 2008 ; moths of borneo 17 : 59 , f . 137 , 157 , pl . 2 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park , r . g . s . exped .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ntype specimens : holotype - male [ west malaysia ] : [ malaya ] , penang , ( bmnh , london ) . .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nbertula sp . ; kononenko & pinratana , 2005 , moths of thailand 3 : pl . 1 , f . 33\ntrotosema sordidum butler , 1879 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 4 ( 24 ) : 449 ; tl : near yokohama\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nlist of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . supplement\nwalker , [ 1866 ] list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 1 - 322 ( [ 1865 ] ) , 32 : 323 - 706 ( 1865 ) , 33 : 707 - 1120 ( 1865 ) , 34 : 1121 - 1534 ( [ 1866 ] ) , 35 : 1535 - 2040 ( 1866 )\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nnomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy ."]}
{"id": 103, "summary": [{"text": "channa is a genus of fish in the family channidae , commonly known as snakehead , native to asia .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "this genus contains 35 scientifically described species , but the most well known are probably the northern snakehead ( channa argus ) and the giant snakehead ( channa micropeltes ) .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "these species have a wide natural distribution extending from iran in the west , to china in the east and parts of siberia in the far east .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "they are one of the most common staple food fish in cambodia , thailand , vietnam and other southeast asian countries , where they are extensively cultured .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "apart from their importance as a food fish , snakeheads are also consumed as a therapeutic for wound healing as well as reducing post-operative pain and discomfort and collected for the international aquarium pet trade .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "the diets of various species of channa include fish , frogs , snakes , rodents , birds and insects .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "they have a labyrinth organ , which allows them to breathe air for short periods , and they use this adaptation to travel across land in the event that their habitat becomes inhospitable .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "the taxonomy of the genus channa is incomplete and a comprehensive revision of the family has not been performed .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "a phylogenetic study in 2010 has also indicated the likelihood of the existence of undescribed species of channids in southeast asia .", "topic": 6}, {"text": "in june 2011 , the malabar snakehead channa diplogramma from peninsular india was shown to be a distinct species , 146 years after its initial description and 134 years after it was synonymised with c. micropeltes , establishing it is an endemic species of peninsular india .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "the study also suggested that the species shared a most recent common ancestor with c. micropeltes , around 9.52 to 21.76 mya .", "topic": 6}, {"text": "in assamese it is called goroi .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "in malayalam it is called varal or braal . ", "topic": 16}], "title": "channa", "paragraphs": ["channa sp . true blue picture credited to amiidae of arofanatics refer to channa stewerti profile .\nthere are two genera ( channa , parachanna ) containing 34 species ( 31 channa and three parachanna ) , although the diversity is much greater and several undescribed species , particularly from india \u2014 for example , channa sp . ' lal cheng ' and channa sp . ' kerala five stripe ' \u2014 have already reached the aquarium trade .\nchanna pardalis is a newly described , gorgeous snakehead . it was discovered in northeastern india and is known by aquarists as\nchanna sp . meghalaya leopard .\nnow it ' s got a formal name .\nthe new snakehead species is described in the latest publication of the journal of threatened taxa . here is a video of a reported rare channa pardalis ( aka\nchanna sp . meghalaya leopard\n) in captivity :\nso excited to try this recipe out ( with dairy free butter , though ! ) ! looks amazing . and i love channa masala . a lot .\nreported as very aggresive to its own kind and others , said to share the same temprement of other channa most closley related . i . e aurantimaculata and stewarti\nscientific name : channa panaw common name : panaw snakehead maximum size : at least 17 cm / 7 inches origin : ayeyarwaddy and sittang river basins , myanmar temperament : predatory company : channa panaw should only be kept with fish larger than 2 / 3 of the species size . water parameters : temperature mainly sub - tropical but range extends into tropical , temp 18 - 28 c ph around ph 5 - 6 and enjoys cover / shade feeding : channa panaw should be fed live food .\nthis channa is very rarly aggresive toward other fish or its own kind outside of breeding time , it is often said to be one of the more passive snakeheads .\nscientific name : channa orientalis common name : ceylon snakehead maximum size : 10 cm / 4 inches origin : southwestern sri lanka temperament : predatory company : channa orientalis should not be kept with fish smaller than 2 / 3 of the species size . water parameters : temperature - tropical species likes softer water but has been bred several times is different ph levels 22 - 28\u02dac / 72 - 82\u02daf ; ph 6 - 7 . 5 feeding : channa orientalis ( ceylon snakehead ) accepts live and frozen food .\nx factor hopeful amrick channa has a secret television past , having already appeared on the voice , come dine with me and ant and dec ' s saturday night takeaway .\nchanna masala is one of those dishes that i always think sounds delicious , but never make . i really need to get some spices so i can give it a try .\nto do list : make channa masala this sunday . thanks for the awesome recipe . i\u2019m just now starting to really like indian food so i will definitely be making this !\nchanna aurantimaculata so allways insist on a picture of the actual fish before handing over any of your hard earned cash , there is allway someone waiting to realive you of it .\nlooove indian food , especially channa masala . i usually don\u2019t put so much effort into it though . i just throw a bunch of stuff together and call it a meal . \ud83d\ude09\njustification : channa punctata is a widespread species with no known major widespread threats , and no evidence as yet that it is a species complex . the species is assessed as least concern .\nhamilton ( 1822 ) described ophiocephalus marulius from river ganges , which is now placed in the genus channa . the group has been studied recently by li et al . ( 2006 ) .\nscientific name : channa melasoma common name : black snakehead maximum size : 30 cm / 12 inches environment : freshwater streams , prefers to be shaded temperament : aggressive company : channa melasoma should not be kept with species smaller than the snakeheads . water parameters : temperature - found from tropical to sub - tropical 18 - 28\u02dac ; ph 5 - 5 . 3 has a distinct preference for still waters urltoken\nthere is also another snakehead sometimes referred to as blue bleheri , for some time it was thought that they may have been the same species , they are now described separately and named channa sp . assam .\ni just made this last night . this is the best channa masala recipe ever . ever ! it beats one i\u2019ve been using because it\u2019s all about cooking down the tomato paste . so yummy ! thank you !\nx factor hopeful amrick channa has a secret television past and has already appeared on the voice and come dine with me along with other shows . . . and is even the ' face of sainsbury ' s '\noh man , i totally have to make this recipe sometime this weekend . i really enjoy amy\u2019s organic channa masala , so hopefully this one will be as equally good or even better . thanks for sharing , jenna ! \ud83d\ude42\nthe sun online can reveal that amrick channa , a dance track performer from kent , is no stranger to the reality show circuit , and even brags that he is a\ntv personality\non websites offering personal appearances .\ni love your channa masala recipe ! i was lucky enough to write down your old one when it was still posted on the blog . i think this one is a variation of that one and can\u2019t wait to make this version .\ntank size : one of the advantages of channa bleheri is its small size and peacefulness . these snakeheads can be kept in a relatively small aquarium . 36 & # 8221 ; for a pair , groups can be kept in larger setups .\nwater parameters : coming from the assam region channa bleheri have a winter temp of 19 c and summer temp of 22 - 28 c / 72 - 82 f ; they prefer the cooler side of that range , ph 6 - 7 . 5 ,\ni just made this for dinner and it was delicious : ) thanks for this , jenna ! i\u2019ve made channa masala with a spice blend before but this was better . i hope to see more indian recipes\u2026i may have to make your chicken tikka masala next .\nnow this is the first very important step . you must execute patience and grace or your channa masala will suffer indefinitely . you are to let the onions caramelize . this will take about 15 minutes and you probably will get very nervous and antsy while the onions cook because if they burn\u2026 . you lose .\ndefinitely going to try this . i love your pictorial recipes - keep them coming ! i had an amy\u2019s frozen meal for lunch today - coincidentally , it was the mattar paneer with channa masala ! when you make this do you serve it with anything ? such as over rice or maybe just naan on the side ?\nthank you sooo much for this recipe ! ! ! ! i had channa masala for the first time last week while in orlando on vacation . it was an amy\u2019s frozen dinner , and i loved it . i have been wanting to make it ever since , and now i have the perfect recipe ! cannot wait to try this !\nonly known breeding sucsess is reported by a german aquarist , from this we know they are mouthbrooders and also egg feeders , practice spawning can be whitnessed year round but activity hightens as tempretures drop for winter , we belive the trigger tempreture to be around 20deg , as with all channa you are best to start out with a group and let the fish pair up for them selves .\ntowards there own kind they are amoung one of the nastiest channa around , they simply can not stand each other unless they have formed a pair , even then fights can break out at the drop of a hat and they are capable of infliction great damage on each other , strangly when mixed with other fish they seam to ignore all but the smallest fish , if they dont see it as food they are useally ok .\nprice is no object for true snakehead lovers , with mark - ups for rare specimens rivaling those of dragonfish . the barca snakehead ( channa barca ) pictured above , became one of the most expensive aquarium fish when the first individuals imported into the uk were going at \u00a35 , 000 apiece . the price has since dropped to about \u00a31 , 500 , as seen at aquarama 2009 in singapore , but that\u2019s still a hefty outlay !\nscientific name : channa baramensis common name : barama snakehead maximum size : 22 cm / 9 inches origin : northern , brunei and borneo introduced range : not known at this time temperament : temperament is said to resemble that of its closest relative channa melasoma , whom we know to not tolerate other fish very well and can be quite aggresive amoung its own kind company : best kept in a species tank and ideally as part of a bonded pair water parameters : temperature 22 - 25\u02dac / 72 - 77\u02da f ; ph 6 . 5 \u0096 8 . 0 feeding : like most channa can be trained to take most of the going food , but keep diet varied or the fish can become addicted to a certain food aquarium set up : in nature this fish is found in blackwater swamps , and this should be replicated in the aquarium , softer water is a must and the use of aquatic peat would be recomended . being a fairly aggresive fish the tank should be sized to take this into consideration , although only reaching 9 inches i would recommend a tank of around 4ft as a minimum reproductive habits : not reported in the aquarium suspect similar to melasoma . eggs probably prone to fungas if water is too hard other notes : extremely rare fish and hardly seen in the trade . picture credited to michael lo\nas one of the most popular dishes in the world , both in and out of india and pakistan , channa masala ( or chana masala , chole masala , or chholay , depending on where you ' re from ) \u2014chickpeas cooked in a spicy and tangy tomato - based sauce\u2014is the kind of dish that stirs passions in the recipe - writing community . my version might not taste like your grandmother ' s , but i promise that it tastes damn good .\nchanna micropeltes is endemic to the western ghats , india and has an eoo of about 10 , 350 km 2 and an aoo of about 800 km 2 and based on the major threats to the species from targeted fishing , agricultural expansion , dams and pollution , the species is found in up to 7 - 10 locations . so , this species qualifies for vulnerable status , despite it still requiring further research and moderate conservation measures as its habitat is in decline and it is a victim of targeted mortality in most of its range outside protected areas .\nas with all member of the group channide , you are best to sart out with a group of 6 or more fish , from this a pair shoud form , when a pair has formed it is advisable to swiftly remove all other fish from the aquarium , gachua are mouthbrooders in the male sex , and take excelant care of there young , one a a very few channa that will breed in tanks without plant cover , breeding has triggered by long periods without water change then a large change with fresh cooler water seems to initiate a spawning responce .\naquarium setup : the aquarium should be well planted with open areas to swim in . make sure hiding places are provided . all snakeheads breath air and can suffocate if they are prevented from reaching the surface to breath . a secure top should be in place as they are excellent jumpers . channa bleheri are excellent escape artists and can escape from the very smallest of holes . do not underestimate their escaping abilities . they can survive for sometime out of water as long as their lungs don & # 8217 ; t dry out but the impact from the height of the tank to the floor may cause injury they cannot recover from .\nmixes quite well with other fish as long as its basic needs are catered for , avoid overly aggresive fish and fish small enough to be seen as food , fish that have been tried and tested include angles , rainbow fish and some of the more docile cichlids , please bare in mind that if you keep this fish with other the chance of breeding will be greatly reduced as the gachua sometimes do not see the other tank inhabitants as a threat and any fry are swiftly eaten by other tank mates , avoid useing plecos that are easly bred because if they breed the channa will eat the babies and there bristles can get stuck in the channas mouth .\nremains the single most sought after channa available in the hobby , there is still only a few in captivity , pairs being even rarer with only one confirmed pair and another pair rummored to exsist . the price of this fish varies greatly depending on supply and demand , i have seen for sale at \u00a35000 for a pair down to \u00a3600 for a single fish , the average price for a single fish is between \u00a32000 and \u00a32500 , no doubt now that we know where about to look for theese fish more and more will become available and prices will hopefully fall ( anyone remember the days when red tailed catfish fetched over \u00a3400 ? , yes iam showing my age lol )\nsnakeheads are oddball fish equipped with air - breathing organs , thus able to breath air from the surface of the water . some species remain relatively small , but some get very large ; the c . paradalis holotype measured only 13cm ( 5 inches ) , but it likely has an adult size circa 25cm ( 10 inches ) . all channa are territorial and prolific predators , so they can not be kept with fish that will are small enough to eat ( ideally kept with fish no smaller than half its size ) . more importantly , they are illegal to acquire , import or trade across state lines in the united states because the entire genus is recognized by the us fish and wildlife department as a highly invasive fish .\nchanna mereya is soul of ae dil hai mushkil music album . here is the full video of karan johar ' s favorite song in the album , the lyrics are given by amitabh bhattacharya , music by pritam and sung by arijit singh join the conversation - # channamereya music - pritam lyrics - amitabh bhattacharya singer - arijit singh sound design - sunny m . r , dj phukan music programmers - sunny m . r . , arijit singh mix & master - shadab rayeen @ newedge assistant - abhishek sortey recording engineers - ashwin kulkarni , himanshu shirlekar , kaushik das vocal conductor - akashdeep sengupta & kaushik das production manager - supriti banerjee musicians accoustic guitar - roland electric & bass guitar - roland & amandeep dholak - iqbal azad , sanjiv sen sarangi - ghulam ali khan shehnai - omkar dhumal backing vocals - keshia braganza , gwen dias banner - dharma productions and fox star studios audio on sony music entertainment india pvt . ltd ( c ) 2017 sony music entertainment india pvt . ltd . subscribe : vevo - urltoken . . . like us : : facebook : urltoken follow us : twitter : urltoken g + : urltoken\nscientific name : channa stewartii common name : golden snakehead assamese snakehead maximum size : 30cm approx 11inches although varients reported larger origin : endemic to brahmaputra ( upper , middle , lower ) river basin of india and bangladesh , ganges river basin from southern nepal southeastward . in southern nepal , it occurs in the kamala , bagmati , koshi , gandaki , and karnali river basins introduced range : not known at this point temperament : often sited as one of the more aggresive snakeheads , they belong to the same group as aurantimaculata and barca and have the same sort of temperament , company : as a sub - tropical species tankmates should be chosen to suit , if this fish takes a dislike to any tankmate it will swiftly kill them , even its own kind are not tolerated very well , and this fish is probably best left to the more experianced channa keeper in a well though out species tank water parameters : temperature 18 - 24c ranges from warm temperate to sub - tropical ; ph 6 - 7 . 5 feeding : this snakehead will accept all the usual fare , feeds well on insects worms , frozen foods , market shrimp and prawn also bits of fish breeding : start out with small group and allow them to chose there own pair , this fish is mouthbrooder in the male sex , they are very good parents and fry should be left with parent until upto 10cm in lenght tank : even though this is a dwarf species you can not get away with a small tank , in small tanks they will fight constantly and that will result in many deaths , as always floating cover is needed to feel secure and the tank should contain many hiding places and be well planted , this is another species that really does prefer older tank water and live plant will help keep nitrates under control in such tanks aswell as providing much needed cover and hiding spots for the fish and breaking up the line of sight notes : this fish is offered from time to time in the more specialised stores and from time to time on order lists , although they have become harder to obtain in recent years , because of the colouring of this fish and the relative small size , especially of some of the newer varients , this fish often comands a high price .\nfreshwater snakehead fishes ( channidae ) provide an interesting target for phylogenetic analysis for the following reasons , their unusual biology , potential for cryptic diversity and availability of a good fossil record . here , a multi - locus molecular phylogeny was constructed and calibrated using two fossil dates to estimate divergence times within the family . sampling aimed to explore interspecific divergence of channa species across southeast asia and intra - specific variation where species possessed natural geographical ranges that were extensive . results contradict divergence times estimated previously independently from single locus mitochondrial data or the fossil record and suggest that after divergence from african taxa 40\u201350 ma , evolution of asian snakeheads has been heavily influenced by multiple broad scale dispersal events across india and southeast asia . a similar pattern of divergence within multiple clades suggests that west\u2013east dispersal was limited for many taxa during the miocene . deep intra - specific divergence was inferred for c . striata , indicating that long historical periods of isolation ( \u223c8 ma ) have not resulted in the evolution of reproductive isolation within this species . results support suggestions that c . marulia like fishes in northern cambodia may constitute an undescribed species , and that indian c . diplogramma warrants taxonomic recognition as being distinct from southeast asian c . micropeltes , with the two taxa last sharing a common ancestor in the mid - to late - miocene .\nsing along to the soulful channa mereya . lyrics have been beautifully crafted by amitabh bhattacharya and the song has been brought to life by none other than pritam . arijit singh has voiced the track and the video stars ranbir kapoor and anushka sharma .\nae dil hai mushkil\nis a story about unrequited love . the journey of three characters - ayan ( ranbir ) , alizeh ( anushka ) & saba ( aishwarya ) written & directed by karan johar releasing this diwali , on 28th october , 2016 hear it on saavn - urltoken join the conversation - # channamereya music - pritam lyrics - amitabh bhattacharya singer - arijit singh sound design - sunny m . r , dj phukan music programmers - sunny m . r . , arijit singh mix & master - shadab rayeen @ newedge assistant - abhishek sortey recording engineers - ashwin kulkarni , himanshu shirlekar , kaushik das vocal conductor - akashdeep sengupta & kaushik das production manager - supriti banerjee musicians accoustic guitar - roland electric & bass guitar - roland & amandeep dholak - iqbal azad , sanjiv sen sarangi - ghulam ali khan shehnai - omkar dhumal backing vocals - keshia braganza , gwen dias banner - dharma productions and fox star studios audio on sony music entertainment india pvt . ltd . ( c ) 2016 sony music entertainment india pvt . ltd . subscribe : vevo - urltoken like us : facebook : urltoken follow us : twitter : urltoken g + : urltoken\njavascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect \u00ae is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .\ndoctoring up store - bought garam masala with additional spices produces a flavor that ' s both complex and suited to the dish .\ngrinding the garlic in lemon juice helps prevent it from turning too sharp and pungent , while still allowing its aroma to shine .\ncombine garlic , ginger , chilies , 1 tablespoon lemon juice , and 1 / 2 teaspoon kosher salt in a mortar and pestle or in the small work bowl of a food processor and pound or process until a fine paste is produced . set aside .\nheat oil or ghee in a large saucepan or dutch oven over medium - high heat until shimmering . all at once , add mustard seed and cumin . they will sputter and spit for a few seconds . as soon as they are aromatic ( about 15 seconds ) , add onion all at once , along with baking soda . cook , stirring frequently , until onions start to leave a brown coating on bottom of pan , 3 to 4 minutes . add 1 tablespoon water , scrape up browned bits from pan , and continue cooking . repeat this process until onions are a deep brown , about 10 minutes total .\nimmediately add garlic / ginger / chili paste all at once and stir to combine . add coriander , black pepper , turmeric , and 1 teaspoon garam masala . stir until fragrant , about 30 seconds . add tomatoes and crush them using a whisk or potato masher . add drained , rinsed chickpeas and cilantro , reserving a little cilantro for garnish . add 1 / 2 cup water .\nbring to a simmer , cover with lid slightly cracked , and reduce heat to maintain a gentle bubbling . cook , stirring occasionally , until liquid has reduced into a thick stew and spices have melded , about 30 minutes .\nstir in remaining garam masala and lemon juice . season to taste with salt . serve with rice and / or naan , sprinkling additional cilantro on top .\nj . kenji l\u00f3pez - alt is the chief culinary advisor of serious eats , and author of the james beard award - nominated column the food lab , where he unravels the science of home cooking . a restaurant - trained chef and former editor at cook ' s illustrated magazine , his first book , the food lab : better home cooking through science is a new york times best - seller , the recipient of a james beard award , and was named cookbook of the year in 2015 by the international association of culinary professionals .\nhe ' s currently raising a daughter by day , writing his second book by night ( now with 10 % more science ! ) , and is working on wursthall , a beer hall in downtown san mateo which will be open by the end of 2017 .\npost whatever you want , just keep it seriously about eats , seriously . we reserve the right to delete off - topic or inflammatory comments . learn more in the comment policy section of our terms of use page .\nif you see something not so nice , please , report an inappropriate comment .\ni love indian food . i had it for the first time when i was in culinary school , living in orlando , and i\u2019ve been rather obsessed ever since . for some reason ( like most things ) indian food never tastes as good when you make it yourself . i see that as a challenge .\nfirst , heat up about two tbsp of butter in your cast iron skillet .\nyes , butter . don\u2019t try to substitute this out because its crucial to the finished product . i\u2019m watching you .\ntoss well so the onions are thoroughly coated with the good stuff . your heat should be at medium right now .\nand then add about three tbsp of tomato paste . i have a secret when it comes to tomato paste . i freeze it .\ni dare you to show me a person who uses the whole can of tomato paste in any one recipe that they make . usually they use about two or three tablespoons and the rest goes in the trash . my method is to scoop the extra paste from the can into a little plastic baggie and then freeze . when you need a tablespoon just break off what you need ( it melts quickly ) and throw it in frozen to your recipe . bang !\nnow i need to talk for a second about this step because if the onions were number one most crucial , the tomato paste is a close second . this is the base of all the flavor for the whole dish right now and most people mess it up . but not you because in a second you will be a pince champ ( pronounced pinc - ay ) . all pince really means is to cook the tomato paste down , thus intensifying the flavors immensely . no pince = bland and boring . this is important .\nonce you add the tomato paste to the pan , stir so that all the onions are coated well .\nflatten down everything on the bottom of the pan , crank the heat to more of a high / medium and set away . that\u2019s right , you heard me , step away from the stove . to properly pince means you need to let the tomato paste cook and brown up a bit . this is going to burn off all the sugar in the tomato and leave you with a really intense delicious flavor .\nafter a few minutes a crust will start to appear on the bottom of your pan . no , you did not burn anything . you did good ! also , it will start to smell like pizza . there\u2019s just no other way i can describe this . you\u2019ll know what i mean when you do it .\nmine turned out super duper extreme spicy because i used 1 / 2 tsp cayenne . i don\u2019t recommend this if you are sane , which clearly i am not . i will probably stir some plain yogurt in it before i serve it tonight or else i might not make it .\nin a large cast iron skillet , heat the butter . once melted , add the onions and cook for about 15 minutes on medium low heat , or until golden brown .\nonce the onions have caramelized , add the garlic , ginger and jalapeno and stir well . cook for about two minutes or until it starts to smell like heaven on earth .\nadd the tomato paste and pince , using above photos as an example . this is very important and if you don\u2019t do it right your dish is pretty much doomed . no pressure .\nadd the coriander , cumin , cayenne and tumeric and stir well . then add the diced tomatoes , chickpeas and garam masala .\ncook for about five minutes or until the chickpeas have heated through . finish with a squeeze of lemon and top with plain yogurt and cilantro if desired !\ni don\u2019t use tomato paste but i do use a few more spices so the flavour probably evens out somewhere in the middle .\nmine is always spicy to the extreme as well : i don\u2019t seed my jalapenos . because i am mental .\ni\u2019ve always wanted to make indian food at home but have been scared ! this post definitely encouraged me .\nhomemade indian is always so much better if you use whole spices ( whole coriander and cumin seeds , etc ) , toast them first , then grind them yourself . i know it\u2019s kind of a pain and more time consuming , but it is that much more delicious . also , i add my spices in with my onions which makes it that much more fragrant . and if you love the heat , which i know you do , use whole chiles ! so spicy , so delicious .\nthis is great ! i had one bad experience with indian food when i was trying to be brave ( and at the time i wasn\u2019t a vegetarian ) and open my taste buds a little bit and i have been scared ever since . however , since discovering food blogs it seems like you can find good , healthy , vegetarian options . i have seen this on other food blogs before but always from a restaurant so thanks for doing a homemade version ! i will for sure try this soon !\nthank you for this wonderful step by step recipe post . i can not wait to try it at home ! !\nlooks delicious and i totally agree about the caramelization of the onions . gives it so much flavor !\nyum \u2013 thanks for the recipe and the tips . also great idea re : the tomato paste ! ! clever ! ! ! i hope to try this recipe soon !\ndid you love it ? it looks so good . i , too , am obsessed with indian food . my kids and i made naan the other day and it was pretty good , but not as good as the naan from my fave restaurant . i\u2019m definitely going to try this recipe . thanks so much ! \ud83d\ude42\nyum i have actually been looking for this exact recipe for some time now ! & your technique tips are great because otherwise i would be clueless ! however , i do have a question . you say to use butter , but is the final product different if you use oil instead ? i am really not a butter fan ( i know , crazy ! ) so i never have it in my house . thanks ! \ud83d\ude42\none word : ghee . it\u2019s not indian food unless it\u2019s made with ghee .\nor if you can\u2019t find ghee , clarified butter\u2026 also , if you want to go the ghee way , for vegetarians / vegans you can get vegetable based ghee , but i know many places in india i\u2019ve visited use oil instead . but they also fry the spices in with the onions to get them really aromatic \ud83d\ude09\nyep , i agree on the frying of spices in the pan with the onions . or even better , before anything else goes in , you \u201ctoast\u201d the spices in the pan . it really heightens and deepens the flavor . i didn\u2019t know there was vegetarian ghee - i have to check that out !\noh my dear goodness\u2026i realize it\u2019s not the most profound thing ever done , but i still think you are a genius for freezing tomato paste . seriously . i guarantee you no one has ever used the full can in a recipe . and then it sits , lonely and most likely rotting , in your fridge\u2026or the trash can . i freeze just about everything else to buy myself time\u2026why have i never frozen tomato paste ! ? ahhhhhhh thank you .\nawesome , jenna ! i will have my own kitchen soon , and i totally plan on making this \u2013 and your turkey chili ! thanks for the great recipes . \ud83d\ude42\nwhen i moved into my last apartment , what i missed the most was not the dishwasher ( i lived alone ) but the disposal . those things are great !\nthis looks really good , i love indian food and keep wanting to make it myself , maybe this weekend ? check your grocery store . i keep tomato paste in a tube . it\u2019s great for using a little bit . the only thing i ever use a whole can for is my tomato sauce , otherwise , it goes to waste , which is why i keep a tube on hand .\nthis looks so good ! ! i love indian food , but ive never considered making it from scratch . it always seemed too hard ! i usually buy some type of pre mixed spice packet .\nlove the step by step with pix . that will be fun when later do as video , too . both a great idea . thanks for the recipe , which sounds very healthy . freezing the tomato paste a terrific idea . will make tomorrow night as went for a gonzo walk / hike around carmel and found a homemade / gourmet noodle shop\u2026so making a pasta recipe they suggested tonight . both sound yum .\ni agree that olive , canola oil or even earth balance make good substitutes if you don\u2019t do dairy , butter , animal products , etc . !\ncooking lesson # 3\u2026 . son loves indian food , he will be so proud of my cooking talents on this one , lol\u2026 . .\nwhat a great walk - through for this lovely indian dish . totally making this soon . \ud83d\ude00\nooh , i\u2019ve wanted to try this recipe for such a long time and this is probably the most straightforward and simple - to - follow version i\u2019ve seen . i\u2019m saving this for a great day of cooking !\ni also find it funny that i have almost all of the exact spices you used in the same brands and everything , haha .\nand i like to freeze my tomato paste in an ice cube tray in 1 tbsp servings and then pop them out and put them in a bag , that way they\u2019re little pre - measured cubes that work well in recipes . \ud83d\ude42\namote ` tomato paste in a tube will last forever in your refridge ! you can get this at any grocery store . use what you need and refridge the rest \ud83d\ude42\ni really like the tip on how to keep the tomato paste ! i always hate to waste it and have tried to put it in tubberware but it always goes bad . so i will def be fallowing your tip from no on !\nthanks for posting this . i can\u2019t wait to see more of these in the future . unfortunately , i can\u2019t get a lot of these ingredients in japan . next time !\ni love this little series . i\u2019ve never had indian food but definitely want some and may try this recipe . keep them coming ! \ud83d\ude42\nsweeeeet ! thanks so much for the step by step ; i\u2019ve been wanting to delve into making my own indian food , but sadly i was scared . and freezing tomato paste ? why didn\u2019t my pea sized brain think of that ?\nthanks for this ! i looooove indian food ( but i have to admit that the naan is a big part of that love affair ! ) and agree , it is never as good at home\u2026i look forward to trying this recipe out with your tips . i\u2019ve never even heard of a \u201cpince\u201d so perhaps that has been the missing ingredient in my recipes , since pretty much all indian includes tomato paste !\ni admit ive always been nervous about making indian food because i hate curry , but i have to admit , this looks awesome . your instructions are great , and this will definitely be making an appearance !\ni\u2019ve never tried any time of indian food before , but i\u2019m really interested and i totally want to make this . is it a one dish wonder , or do you serve it with some sort of side ?\nyou could take pictures of an old banana and a roll of foil and tell a story about how you once climbed a tree and i\u2019d probably still find it interesting . everything you make looks ballin outta control . i am inspired to whip up some indian and i thank you very kindly .\nthank you for sharing again ! i am so happy . your recipe is the best .\nmmm , that looks so good . totally craving indian now . i don\u2019t eat it enough , but my tummy is always happy when i do !\nyum ! ! i am hungry right now and these pics and descriptions just made my tummy growl ! haha ! i have to try this recipe for sure . i love ginger . i am off to find something to eat that tastes half as good as your meal looks ! \ud83d\ude42\nhey jenna \u2013 love the blog . real quick \u2013 i\u2019m indian , and have been around true indian cooking my entire life and we never use butter ! ! always oil , and always a little ! butter is a no no , unless you own your own restaurant where everything is packed full of calories and fat !\nthis is like taking lessons from the master chef . i have most of those ingredients already . i just need to buy some of the spices .\ngreat that you\u2019re getting all settled into your new place ! i\u2019m impressed you have a recipe up so quickly\u2026and one so thorough at that ! i\u2019ve never had indian food\u2026never had the opportunity or knew where to start . this recipe sounds doable and delicious ! i\u2019m bookmarking it now . thanks for sharing ! !\ni love this \u201cwhat\u2019s cooking tonight\u201d series . it\u2019s very informative and i appreciate all the details and pictures . i think i prefer photo to video . keep it up !\ni really love these how - to posts ! your chana masala looks delicious .\nit looks soooo delicious . i love indian food but find it very intimidating to make at home . this recipe seems doable and i love your detailed step by step directions . thanks .\nlooks fantastic . and with your instructions , doable even for a non - cook like me . i think i\u2019ll give it a try . thanks so much !\ni\u2019ve never had indian food , but this recipe intrigues me . i go back and forth on vegetarianism \u2014 i suppose that makes me a flexitarian , but why impose labels ? this non - meat recipe sounds easy enough to throw together and is healthy too . even if i use real butter , we\u2019re talking about 2 tablespoons distributed through a dish that probable makes six servings . how many servings does this make ? i suppose the final product freezes well too ?\nthis is such a great post ! you\u2019re pictures came out so pretty and i love the narrative that you added with the instructions . maybe this will finally convince to like chickpeas in non - hummus form !\ni love indian food too and i can never get it to taste as good at home . thanks for the recipe , i\u2019ll have to give it a shot \ud83d\ude42\nthis . looks . amazing ! i have always wanted to attempt both indian and thai recipes at home\u2026but haven\u2019t out of fear of completely butchering the amazing balance of flavors that those cultures achieve . mmmm . this looks amazing \u2013 i\u2019m totally saving this recipe ! !\nooh ! i have been wanting to learn to make some indian food ! this is perfect . i am excited to try this . great post : - ) .\nlove your step by step posts . know what else i love ? the fact that i\u2019ll be freezing tomato paste from now on . genius !\ni freeze my tomato paste too ! love that . and you know what is even better ? i am currently living in malta ( south of sicily ) w / my in - laws and they sell tomato paste by the tube ( like a tube of toothpaste ) . it\u2019s awesome b / c you just squirt out what you need !\nthank you so much for the recent tutorials ! i love this addition to the blog .\nbravo . i had not really been enjoying some of the posts recently , but this one made up for it . i really like the step - by - step instructions . indian and thai food are definitely types of cuisine that i have never been able to duplicate at home . i am looking forward to trying this one . thanks !\nthis sounds sooo good , jenna ! i\u2019m going to have to make this . and thanks for the tip about the tomato paste\u2026i always hate throwing away a whole can of it when i only use a tablespoon . i don\u2019t know why i never thought of freezing it .\nwoohoo ~ this is definetely going to be a weekend meal . i didn\u2019t know you posted this . i\u2019m glad i went back through your posts to find the banana pancake recipe ( which is also on the weekend menu ) on which i stumbled across this one . and i like your new \u201cwhat\u2019s cooking tonight\u201d series . cheers !\ni love these posts ! cooking is so intimidating to me , so i greatly appreciate the step - by - step breakdown . thanks jenna \ud83d\ude42\nthis is so good ! ! ! i just made it and i will be making it again and again ! thank you for the detailed instructions\u2026 . . as i have never cooked this before and it really helped !\ni will definitely be making this next week ! your turkey chilli was the best turkey chilli i\u2019ve ever made , even my fussy fianc\u00e9 liked it which is saying something , haha .\ni\u2019ve never tried making indian food before but i do think it\u2019s delicious . it just seems so daunting but this makes it seem so much easier . thanks jenna !\ni love your new cooking series \u2013 fun ! i used to always freeze my tomato paste until i discovered that whole foods sells tubes of it that you can keep in the fridge ( just like on food network ! ) you just squeeze as much as you need and keep in in the fridge . the best part \u2013 they are only $ 0 . 99 each ! ! ! check them out \ud83d\ude42\nthank you so much for this post . i love indian food and have always been terribly disappointed when i\u2019ve tried to make it at home . i followed your lead last night and we had a delicious meal at my house . the detailed instructions and images really helped . i look fwd to seeing more of these kinds of recipes on your blog . now i know i can cook indian food at home . thanks again !\ni made this tonight and it was awesome ! my first attempt at indian , too . thanks !\ni finally got around to making this . thank you ! the pictures really help those of us who haven\u2019t been to culinary school understand thinks like \u201ccarmelize\u201d or \u201cpince . \u201d your blog makes recipes so easy to get right instead of just crossing your fingers !\ni love the website - i first saw it yesterday , and i already have half a dozen recipes i must try .\nthis looks delicious , but as much as i try to like chickpeas , i just can\u2019t . obviously it\u2019ll be a different dish without chickpeas , but does anyone have any substitutes for them ? i would love to try these flavors without chickpeas .\njenna \u2013 someone in our household ( not mentioning any names but it\u2019s not me \u2013 your dad will know who it is ) can\u2019t eat many onions . i can get away with sneaking a few into recipes but it looks like onions are an important part of this recipe . will it turn out bad if i don\u2019t use as many ? ? ? thanks \u2013 can\u2019t wait to try this one !\nawww i was totally going to swap out the butter since my body can\u2019t digest it , but you caught me ! i\u2019ll just keep drooling over the pictures instead . \ud83d\ude42\ni made this tonight and it was amazing ! had to sub the tomato paste for tomato sauce but it still came out so so tasty . thank you for the step by step instructions !\ni make chana masala at home all the time , too \u2013 it\u2019s such an easy \u201cpantry meal\u201d . i use a higher tomato to chickpea ratio though , mainly to up the veggie ( erm , fruit ) content and i like it soupier . plus more spices instead of a jalapeno since i often make this when there\u2019s not much fresh stuff in the fridge ( hence , no jalapenos ) .\nthank you so much for this recipe ! ! ! i made it for dinner tonight and my boyfriend and i loved it ! it will definitely become a staple around here .\ni made this recipe for the second time tonight and loved it again ! i\u2019m a novice when it comes to cooking but i could definitely handle this . it came out great and i\u2019ll have some fabulous take - to - work lunches this week ! thanks so much for sharing .\ni would recommend adding a pinch of sugar or tamarind as well to balance the acidity from the tomatoes .\nyour recipes are extremely entertaining and the step by step photos are so helpful ! i always wish more cookbooks had those so i knew what my progress was like as i struggle through . love your blog !\ndear jenna , i love , love you but sometimes you forget to tell me when to add ingredients , like sea salt in this case . i actually make your recipes , so i hope you will comment !\nthanks for the recipe , jenna ! i\u2019m always looking for good vegetarian recipes with protein . keep up the great work ! \ud83d\ude42\ni didn\u2019t even put any cayenne , just the jalapeno was spicy enough for me . and i didn\u2019t have any plain yogurt but i stirred in cottage cheese instead . very good !\nlove indian food , but i\u2019ve never made it myself . that is , until tonight . this was so good ! and now that i have the spices , i\u2019ll have to make it again . ( after reading other people\u2019s comments , i want to try mixing spices in with the onions . ) and after making this , i totally get what you\u2019re saying about the dish smelling like pizza after pinceing !\ni love this dish . i made it a couple of months ago and haven\u2019t been able to stop thinking about it\u2026 and tonight i\u2019m going to make it for a vegetarian friendly dinner party i\u2019m making . it\u2019s by far the best chickpea recipe i\u2019ve ever made . thanks ! !\nrecipe looks great ! i found tomato paste in a tube in my local \u2018designer\u2019 market\u2026 . sure beats the can !\ni have now made this twice , and i can officially say that i\u2019m obsessed . i blogged about it once too : urltoken\ni\u2019m eating this right now \ud83d\ude42 it was my first ever attempt at homemade indian and it will be in my rotation now ! thanks .\ni love the idea of freezing the tomato paste ! i am guilty of throwing away so many cans . i\u2019ve been meaning to find the tube of paste that keeps it fresh and you can squeeze but i always seem to forget . this is much easier . thank you !"]}
{"id": 111, "summary": [{"text": "clavicoccus erinaceus is an extinct species of mealybug in the family pseudococcidae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it was endemic to oahu , where it lived on abutilon sandwicense . ", "topic": 13}], "title": "clavicoccus erinaceus", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nnishida , g . m . , ed . 1994a . hawaiian terrestrial arthropoda checklist . second edition . hawaii biological survey , contribution no . 94 - 04 . bishop museum : honolulu , hawaii . 287 pp .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\ndata and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho .\nscientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nbeardsley , john w . , jr . ( 1971 ) .\nnew genera and species of hawaiian pseudococcidae ( homoptera )\n.\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\n- - natureserve explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50 , 000 plants , animals and ecological communtities of the u . s and canada . natureserve explorer provides in - depth information on rare and endangered species , but includes common plants and animals too . natureserve explorer is a product of natureserve in collaboration with the natural heritage network .\nitis reports - - itis ( the integrated taxonomic information system ) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants , animals , fungi , and microbes of north america and the world .\nfws digital media library - - the u . s . fish and wildlife service ' s national digital library is a searchable collection of selected images , historical artifacts , audio clips , publications , and video .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nben - dov , y . ( 1994 ) a systematic catalogue of the mealybugs of the world ( insecta : homoptera : coccoidea : pseudococcidae and putoidae ) with data on geographical distribution , host plants , biology and economic importance ."]}
{"id": 119, "summary": [{"text": "fissurella nodosa , commonly known as the knobbed keyhole limpet , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fissurellidae , the keyhole limpets . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "fissurella nodosa", "paragraphs": ["what type of species is fissurella nodosa ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the fissurella nodosa species belongs to .\nwhich photographers have photos of fissurella nodosa species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species fissurella nodosa .\nhow to identify fissurella nodosa marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species fissurella nodosa . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species fissurella nodosa are marked in green .\nwhere is fissurella nodosa found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species fissurella nodosa can be found .\nphoto : mary agnes wotton fissurella nodosa ( born , 1778 ) the animal . boston beach , portland , jamaica\n( of patella rudis r\u00f6ding , 1798 ) mclean j . h . ( 1984 ) systematics of fissurella in the peruvian and magellanic faunal provinces ( gastropoda : prosobranchia ) . contributions in science , natural history museum of los angeles county 354 : 1 - 70 . [ 29 october 1984 ] , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nrosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garc\u00eda , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579\u2013699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico\u2013origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nturgeon , d . ; quinn , j . f . ; bogan , a . e . ; coan , e . v . ; hochberg , f . g . ; lyons , w . g . ; mikkelsen , p . m . ; neves , r . j . ; roper , c . f . e . ; rosenberg , g . ; roth , b . ; scheltema , a . ; thompson , f . g . ; vecchione , m . ; williams , j . d . ( 1998 ) . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd ed . american fisheries society special publication , 26 . american fisheries society : bethesda , md ( usa ) . isbn 1 - 888569 - 01 - 8 . ix , 526 + cd - rom pp . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 58 [ details ]\nin continuing your browsing of this site , you accept the use of cookies to offer you suitable content and services and realize visits statistics . learn more about cookies .\nwarning : the data available reflects the progression status of knowledge or the availability of the inventories . it should never be considered as comprehensive .\nnational inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .\nborn , i . 1778 . index rerum naturalium musei c\u00e6sarei vindobonensis . pars i . ma . testacea . verzeichni\u00df der nat\u00fcrlichen seltenheiten des k . k . naturalien cabinets zu wien . erster theil . schalthiere . - pp . [ 1 - 40 ] , 1 - 458 , [ 1 - 82 ] . vindobon\u00e6 . ( kraus ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nturgeon , d . d . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , w . k . emerson , w . g . lyons , w . pratt , et al .\nturgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .\ncommon and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nfull reference : i . born . 1778 . index rerum naturalium musei c\u00e6sarei vindobonensis - pars i ma testacea - verzeichni\u00df der nat\u00fcrlichen seltenheiten des k k naturalien cabinets zu wien - erster theil - schalthiere - vindobonae 1 - 458\ndistribution : found only at loc . 6 - punta sabanilla , matanzas bay ( quaternary of cuba )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ngarcia , e . ; marine invertebrate taxonomy workshop ii , bocas del toro , august 2004 . axel a . olsson & thomas l . mcginty .\nolsson , a . a . & mcginty , t . l . 1958 . recent marine mullusks from the caribbean coast of panama with the description of some new genera and species . bulletins of american paleontology vol . 39 n\u00ba200\nfull reference : g . p . deshayes . 1824 . description des coquilles fossiles des environs de paris , tome second : mollusques 1 - 80\nyou will be directed to the entry page of the digitized work . go to the page you need in the navigation system there .\nthe basic data of this taxon were entered by hand , consulting the original description , and following animalbase standard .\nwe ' ve updated our privacy policy and by continuing you ' re agreeing to the updated terms .\nwhen you visit our site , preselected companies may use cookies or other certain information on your device to serve relevant ads and for analytics purposes . learn more\ndiscussions , photo series , how to identify or distinguish a species or between species .\nusing cookies on urltoken shellauction uses cookies only for technical reasons and to facilitate and speed up your site navigation . by continuing to browse , you accept the use of cookies ; if you do not wish to receive them please disable them or not navigate this website further . more info cookies on urltoken\nutilizzo dei cookies su urltoken shellauction utilizza i cookies esclusivamente per ragioni tecniche e per facilitare e velocizzare la navigazione del sito . continuando a navigare accetti l ' utilizzo dei cookies , se non desideri riceverli ti invitiamo a disabilitarli oppure a non navigare questo sito ulteriormente . altre informazioni sui cookies di urltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nif you do not have an account yet , you can register here first .\nenter your email address and we will send you an email with your username and password .\ne - mail conchbooks office if you do not receive your email with your username and password .\nmonographs of the marine mollusks of the western atlantic : vols . 1 & 2 [ original ]"]}
{"id": 121, "summary": [{"text": "latirus unifasciatus is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "latirus unifasciatus", "paragraphs": ["species latirus imbricatus g . b . sowerby iii , 1903 accepted as latirus abnormis sowerby iii , 1894\nspecies latirus contemptus a . adams , 1854 accepted as orania ficula ( reeve , 1848 )\nspecies latirus marshalli finlay , 1924 \u2020 accepted as turehua dubia ( p . marshall , 1919 ) \u2020\nspecies latirus burnupi e . a . smith , 1906 accepted as benimakia flavida ( a . adams , 1855 )\nspecies latirus coreanicus ( smith , 1879 ) accepted as fusolatirus coreanicus ( e . a . smith , 1879 )\nspecies latirus dubius p . marshall , 1919 \u2020 accepted as turehua dubia ( p . marshall , 1919 ) \u2020\nspecies latirus armatus a . adams , 1855 accepted as hemipolygona armata ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus distinctus a . adams , 1855 accepted as hemipolygona distincta ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus flavidus a . adams , 1855 accepted as benimakia flavida ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus marquesanus a . adams , 1855 accepted as peristernia marquesana ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus nagasakiensis e . a . smith , 1880 accepted as turrilatirus nagasakiensis ( e . a . smith , 1880 )\nspecies latirus neglectus a . adams , 1855 accepted as peristernia neglecta ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus bairstowi g . b . sowerby iii , 1886 accepted as dolicholatirus bairstowi ( sowerby iii , 1886 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus filosus ( schubert & wagner , 1829 ) accepted as fusinus filosus ( schubert & j . a . wagner , 1829 )\nspecies latirus longirostris p . marshall , 1917 \u2020 accepted as microfulgur longirostris ( p . marshall , 1917 ) \u2020 ( original combination )\nspecies latirus lugubris ( c . b . adams , 1852 ) accepted as trachypollia lugubris ( c . b . adams , 1852 )\nspecies latirus huttoni suter , 1908 accepted as taron dubius ( hutton , 1878 ) ( unnecessary replacement name for trophon dubius hutton , 1878 . )\nspecies latirus mediamericanus hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 accepted as pustulatirus mediamericanus ( hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 )\nspecies latirus aureocinctus g . b . sowerby iii , 1875 accepted as teralatirus noumeensis ( crosse , 1870 ) accepted as crassicantharus noumeensis ( crosse , 1870 )\nspecies latirus cayohuesonicus g . b . sowerby ii , 1878 accepted as dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1878 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus maximus g . b . sowerby iii , 1893 accepted as viridifusus maximus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1893 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus hemphilli hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 accepted as pustulatirus hemphilli ( hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 ) ( original combination )\nspecies latirus angustus e . a . smith , 1884 accepted as dolicholatirus smithi snyder , 2000 ( invalid : secondary junior homonym of murex angustus gmelin , 1791 ; dolicholatirus smithi is a replacement name )\nsubfamily : peristerniinae - genus : latirus p . d . montfort , 1810 ( syn : chascax , lathires , lathirus , lathyra , lathyrus , latyrus - db : 96 sp , 56 img )\nmontfort p . [ denys de ] . ( 1808 - 1810 ) . conchyliologie syst\u00e9matique et classification m\u00e9thodique des coquilles . paris : schoell . vol . 1 : pp . lxxxvii + 409 [ 1808 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 676 + 16 [ 1810 ( before 28 may ) ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 530 [ details ]\nsnyder m . a . ( 2003 ) . catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences . of philadelphia , special publication . 21iii + 1\u2013431 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\ncouto d . , bouchet p . , kantor yu . i . , simone l . r . l . & giribet g . ( 2016 ) . a multilocus molecular phylogeny of fasciolariidae ( neogastropoda : buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 309 - 322 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of lathyrus [ sic ] ) schinz h . r . 1825 . das thierreich eingetheilt nach dem bau der thiere als grundlage ihrer naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden anatomie von dem herrn ritter von cuvier . j . g . cottas , stuttgart and t\u00fcbingen , pp . i - xiii , 1 - 793 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : vol . 4 , p . 588 [ details ]\n( of latyrus carpenter , 1857 ) carpenter p . ( 1857 ) . report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the mollusca of the west coast of north america . report of the british association for the advancement of science , 1856 : 159 - 368 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 282 [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 123, "summary": [{"text": "prorella leucata is a moth in the family geometridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found from california through colorado , maine , montana , oregon and utah to british columbia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 20 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the wings are pale creamy , blotched with blackish along the costa .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "of these patches , a rectangular , pre-apical one and a median one just interior to the discal spot are the most prominent .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from june to september . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "prorella leucata", "paragraphs": ["prorella leucata genus geometridae small prorella leucata moth on warming itself on a building on antelope island . \u00a9 carol davis , 9 - 13 - 2009 home - moths of utah other home - amazing nature\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ncompare to others on the archived photos of living moths and pinned plates of moth photographers group .\nclassification of the geometrina of north america , with descriptions of new genera and species george d . hulst . 1896 . transactions of the american entomological society 23 : 245 - 386 .\nlepidoptera ( butterflies and moths ) of colorado national monument ( u . s . geological survey )\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 16 september , 2009 - 12 : 36am last updated 5 april , 2014 - 2 : 44pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nwe do not yet have descriptive information on this species . please try the buttons above to search for information from other sources .\n. you can download select species by searching or when you ' re on a taxa page like class , order , and family .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\nscoble , m . j . ( ed . ) , m . s . parsons , m . r . honey , l . m . pitkin , and b . r . pitkin . 1999 . geometrid moths of the world : a catalogue . volumes 1 and 2 : 1016 pp . + index 129 pp . csiro publishing , collingwood , victoria , australia .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\n[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en"]}
{"id": 151, "summary": [{"text": "chionodes cacula is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from delaware to florida , arkansas , oklahoma and illinois . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "chionodes cacula", "paragraphs": ["chionodes cacula hodges , 1999 , n . sp . , mona fascicle 7 . 6\nchionodes cacula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 61 , 331 , pl . 5 , f . 1 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes borzella bidzilya , 2000 ; beitr . ent . 50 ( 2 ) : 391\nchionodes soella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 21\nchionodes aprilella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 24\nchionodes flavipalpella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 33\nchionodes flavipalpella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes caucasiella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 34\nchionodes caucasiella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes frigidella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 50\nchionodes frigidella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes tantella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 64\nchionodes tantella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes attonita ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes ermolaevi bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 422 ; tl : sakhalin\nchionodes grandis clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : silverton , colorado\nchionodes tundra bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 421 ; tl : jamalo - nenetskiy ar\nchionodes pereyra clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : vero beach , florida\nchionodes stefaniae ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 699 ( list )\nchionodes salicella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 82 ; tl : skeena crossing , cassiar dist . , british colombia\nchionodes acerella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 78 ; tl : izman creek , kamloops distr . , british columbia\nchionodes tessa clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 246 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes canofusella clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 248 ; tl : encantada , brooks co . , texas\nchionodes bicolor clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 250 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes meridiochilensis king & montesinos , 2012 ; acta zool . cracov . 55 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : chile , region de biobio\nchionodes stefaniae schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 177 ; tl : galapagos , isabela , volcan darwin , 630m\nchionodes iridescens clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244 ; tl : american lake , pierce co . , washington\nchionodes pleroma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes scotodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes whitmanella clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 271 ; tl : pullmann , washington\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 6 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , gelechiinae ( part - chionodes )\nthe lepidoptera of white sands national monument , otero county , new mexico , usa 10 . a remarkable new white species of chionodes h\u00fcbner ( gelechiidae )\nchionodes sabinianae powell , 1959 ; ent . news 70 ( 5 ) : 127 ; tl : russelman park , mt diablo , contra costa co . , california\nchionodes soella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes aprilella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 141 , 31 ; [ fe ]\n= chionodes psilopterus ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes cusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 75 ; tl : alamosa , colorado\nchionodes offectus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 57 ; tl : boulder , colorado\nchionodes fimus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 76 ; tl : schrader lake , alaska\nchionodes tragicella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes luctuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 140 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes molitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 210 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 36 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes boreas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 43 - 44 ; tl : nordegg , alberta\nchionodes holosericella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 143 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes histon hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 61 ; tl : penticon creek , british columbia\nchionodes perpetuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 146 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes apolectella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 147 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hayreddini ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hinnella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes bastuliella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes nebulosella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 152 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes sagayica ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 63 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes nitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 84 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 59 ; tl : berkeley , alameda co , california\nchionodes oecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : palm springs , california\nchionodes lacticoma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes icriodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes litigiosa ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes pentadora ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes dryobathra ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 106 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes argosema ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes consona ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes eburata ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes salva ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes sepultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 60 ; tl : 6 mi nw newcastle , wyoming\nthe moths of america north of mexico . fascicle 7 . 6 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae , gelechiinae ( part : chionodes ) ronald w . hodges . 1999 . the wedge entomological research foundation .\nchionodes percultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 58 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 1 ; tl : washington mtns , near nogales , arizona\nchionodes plutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 91 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 69 ; tl : sanderson , terrell co . , texas\nchionodes nepos hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 71 ; tl : indio , riverside co . , california\nchionodes thyotes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 96 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : southmost , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes soter hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 39 - 41 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes ceryx hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : n key largo , florida\nchionodes rabula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 16 ; tl : parker island , highlands co . , florida\nchionodes emptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 17 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes drapeta hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 63 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 18 ; tl : key largo , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes paean hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 72 ; tl : jacumba , san diego co . , california\nchionodes cibus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 98 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 6 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes occlusus ; [ nacl ] , # 2101 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes suasor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 57 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 14 ; tl : huntsville state park , walker co . , texas\nchionodes esor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 19 ; tl : big pine key , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes tarmes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 66 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; tl : t2n r14w s31 , allegan co . , michigan\nchionodes macor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 88 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 62 ; tl : saratoga springs , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes irreptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 143 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 53 ; tl : garner state park , uvalde co . , texas\nchionodes restio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 148 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 58 - 59 ; tl : sonoma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes ludio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 152 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 64 ; tl : new lisbon , burlington co . , new jersey\nchionodes obelus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 186 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : hayfork ranger station , trinity co . , california\nchionodes kubai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 188 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 43 ; tl : pne hill , el dorado co . , california\nchionodes rectifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 199 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : pensacola , escambia co . , florida\nchionodes aleo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 71 ; tl : cedar pass campground , modoc co . , california\nchionodes rupex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 74 ; tl : green river lake , wind river range , wyoming\nchionodes fictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 58 ; tl : atigun pass & below , brooks range , alaska\nchionodes praecia hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : vineyard , utah co . , utah\nchionodes pulvis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 69 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : san bruno mtns , san mateo co . , california\nchionodes bios hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 191 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi n prescott , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes tannuolella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 32 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes lictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 62 ; tl : mt . shasta city , shasta co . , california\nchionodes procus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 70 ; tl : gran quivira national monument , socorro co . , new mexico\nchionodes lector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 121 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 25 - 26 ; tl : woodwardia canyon e , riverside co . , california\nchionodes sevir hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 137 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 24 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes baro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 144 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 54 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes popa hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 167 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : mint canyon , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes donatella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes petro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : 2 mi ne lakeside , san diego co . , california\nchionodes dolo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 198 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : dempster highway , km 155 , 1050m , yukon , canada\nchionodes praeco hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 209 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 34 - 35 ; tl : ocqueoc lake , presque isle co . , michigan\nchionodes manabiensis schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 180 ; tl : ecuador , manabi , parque nacional machalilla , los frailes , s 01\u00b029 . 340 ' , w 80\u00b046 . 868 40m\nchionodes hapsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 12 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes volo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 38 ; tl : fort davis , 5000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes landryi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 76 ; tl : lost river valley , 10 km s onefour , alberta , cadana\nchionodes factor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 60 ; tl : big bear lake , 6800 , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes trico hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 45 - 46 ; tl : hardy work center , lawrence co . , south dakoa\nchionodes impes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 227 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 70 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : kamiak butte , washington\nchionodes sannio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 70 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes stator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 32 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes meddix hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 73 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; tl : clear creek camp , se camp verde , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes pavor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; tl : camp baldy , san bernardino mtns , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes pacator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 53 ; tl : mt lowe , san gabriel mtns , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes regens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 61 ; tl : hackberry lake , valenine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes morus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 103 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 22 ; tl : ciervo hills , 18 mi sw medota , fresno co . , califoria\nchionodes cautor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 142 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 52 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes mikkolai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; tl : carmacks , 62\u00b005 ' n , 136\u00b020 ' w , yukon , canada\nchionodes franclemonti hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 65 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 2 - 4 ; tl : wrangle brook road , lakehurst , ocean co . , new jersey\nchionodes sanator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 60 ; tl : sw res sta , 5400 , chiricahua mts , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes repertor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 65 ; tl : 7 mi e jacob lake , coconino co . , 6800 ' , arizona\nchionodes adamas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 61 - 63 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes elainae hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 50 ; tl : onion saddle , 7600 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes hospes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 61 - 62 ; tl : 9 mi sw atascadero , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes sponsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 81 ; tl : sierra diable wildlife management area , 6400 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes theurgis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 213 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi sw buean vista , 8700 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes imber hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine nationa wildlife reserve , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes naevus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 77 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 41 ; tl : cave creek canyon , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes davisi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 78 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 42 ; tl : southwest research station , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes delitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 58 ; tl : k bar ranch , chisos mtns , 3400 ' , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes bardus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 99 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : santa barbara island , channel island national park , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes metoecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 125 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 32 - 34 ; tl : snake creek , 3 mi nw midway , wasatch co . , utah\nchionodes optio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 154 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 32 ; tl : mt locke , davis mtns , 6700 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes agriodes ; [ nacl ] , # 2059 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes bustosorum metzler , 2016 ; zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 373 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . mon . , 106\u00b01 . 38 ' w ; 32\u00b046 . 60 ' n 4 , 000 '\nchionodes powelli hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ; tl : snake lake , 4 mi nw quincy , 4000 ' , plumas co . , california\nchionodes abavus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 64 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mts , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes obex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 39 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes munifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 76 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 40 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes sabinianae ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 48 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes rector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 56 - 57 ; tl : 5 mi n buena vista , 8200 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes fremor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes lusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 130 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 42 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes erro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 134 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 23 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes altor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 141 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 30 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes pinax hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 149 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 60 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes messor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 153 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 65 ; tl : 1 mi ne san marcos pass , 1500 ' , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes magirus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 157 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 34 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes gestor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 159 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 74 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes bibo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 162 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 3 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes luror hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 51 ; tl : west fork , 6500 ' , 16 mi sw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes gratus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 28 ; tl : big timber canyon , 6500 ' , half moon park , crazy mts . , montana\nchionodes senica hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 79 ; tl : hart prairie , 8500 ' , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes dator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 80 ; tl : louis lake , 28 mi sw lander , 8600 ' , fremont co . , wyoming\nchionodes ustor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 32 ; tl : bridger forest camp , 7500 ' , wind river mtns , sublette co . , wyoming\nchionodes rogator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 82 - 83 ; tl : mosca creek , great sand dunes national monument , alamosa co . , colorado\nchionodes veles hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 212 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 84 ; tl : castles , 8 mi e buena vista , 8800 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes gerdius hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 87 ; tl : oso flaco lake , 5 mi s oceano , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes latro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 68 - 69 ; tl : lake delancy , ocala national forest read 75 , mario co . , florida\nchionodes rhombus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 105 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 9 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350\u00e4 , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes tributor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 48 ; tl : ozena camp , cuyama river , 1 mi e hiway 33 , ventura co . , california\nchionodes ensis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : head of ephraim canyon , 10000 - 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes nubilella ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 35 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes donahueorum hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : mt washington district , 840 ' , los angeles , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes parens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 136 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes adam hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 140 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes nubis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 156 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 67 - 68 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes innox hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 158 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 69 - 73 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes canofusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2066 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes psilopterus ; [ nacl ] , # 2111 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes metallicus ; [ nacl ] , # 2094 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 59 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes canor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 25 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes abitus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 56 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : cold creek , 5 mi s buck creek ranger station , 6300 ' , modoc co . , california\nchionodes lactans hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 74 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes fructuarius ; [ nacl ] , # 2078 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes luteogeminatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2091 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes helicostictus ; [ nacl ] , # 2083 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 18 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pallor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 197 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 20 - 21 ; tl : fort valley , 7350 ' , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes nigrobarbatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2097 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 223 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 65 - 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes praetor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 67 , pl . 4 , f . 90 ; tl : head ephraim canyon , 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes permactus ; [ nacl ] , # 2106 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes violacea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 25 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes distinctella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 42 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 148 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes clarkei hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 71 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : steens mt . , fish lake , 7100 , harney co . , oregon\nchionodes electella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 52 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes fumatella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 59 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 153 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes ignorantella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 65 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 154 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes argentipunctella ; [ nacl ] , # 2061 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 11 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes gilvomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2080 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes periculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2105 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes xanthophilella ; [ nacl ] , # 2125 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes sistrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2116 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 73 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes hodgesorum metzler , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . monument , edge of dunes habitat , 106\u00b011 . 32 ' w , 32\u00b045 . 72 ' n , 4000 '\nchionodes paralogella ; [ nacl ] , # 2103 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 13 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes salicella ; [ nacl ] , # 2114 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 120 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acerella ; [ nacl ] , # 2057 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 124 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes terminimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2117 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 132 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes pastor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 155 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 66 , pl . 4 , f . 33 ; tl : great basin exp staion nr ephraim , 8850 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2076 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 160 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pseudofondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2110 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 161 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes mariona ; [ nacl ] , # 2092 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 168 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes halycopa ; [ nacl ] , # 2082 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 171 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes hibiscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2084 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 190 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes aristella ; [ nacl ] , # 2062 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 56 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes mongolica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hostis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 122 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : major ' s flat near ephraim canyon , oak / pinyon junipre zone , 7100 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fuscomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 6 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes bicostomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 7 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes lophosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2089 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 67 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 21 - 23 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes nanodella ; [ nacl ] , # 2095 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes abella ; [ nacl ] , # 2055 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 43 - 47 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes kincaidella ; [ nacl ] , # 2086 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 87 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pinguicula ; [ nacl ] , # 2109 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 67 - 68 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes dentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2071 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 74 - 75 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes abdominella ; [ nacl ] , # 2054 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 2 - 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes dammersi ; [ nacl ] , # 2070 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 101 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes notandella ; [ nacl ] , # 2098 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 19 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes ochreostrigella ; [ nacl ] , # 2102 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 104 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 7 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes thoraceochrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2119 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 117 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 13 - 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes chrysopyla ; [ nacl ] , # 2068 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 119 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes obscurusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2099 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 123 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 27 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes occidentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2100 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 127 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 35 - 37 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes trichostola ; [ nacl ] , # 2120 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 135 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 47 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acrina ; [ nacl ] , # 2058 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 139 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 25 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes secutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 146 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 55 , pl . 4 , f . 31 ; tl : davis mnts , 5 mi se livermore , 6000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes trophella ; [ nacl ] , # 2121 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 147 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 56 - 57 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes discoocellella ; [ nacl ] , # 2072 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 170 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes ceanothiella ; [ nacl ] , # 2067 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 187 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 42 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes aruns hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 18 , pl . 4 , f . 44 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes retiniella ; [ nacl ] , # 2112 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 48 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes arenella ; [ nacl ] , # 2060 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 52 - 53 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes figurella ; [ nacl ] , # 2073 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 194 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes braunella ; [ nacl ] , # 2065 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 225 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 91 - 93 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes flavicorporella ; [ nacl ] , # 2074 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 229 , pl . 3 , f . 72 - 73 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes sattleri hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 218 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 54 - 56 , pl . 4 , f . 89 ; tl : bog e of big indian lake , halifax watershed , halifax co . , nova scotia\nchionodes ( gelechiini ) ; [ me3 ] , 137 , 31 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 704 , 699 ( list ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes johnstoni ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 81 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 51 - 52 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes formosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes praeclarella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 200 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 64 - 67 ; [ me3 ] , 144 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes mediofuscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2093 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 131 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 43 - 45 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes iridescens ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 2085 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 10 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pereyra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 109 ; [ nacl ] , # 2104 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 163 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes grandis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 2081 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes tessa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 137 ; [ nacl ] , # 2118 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes petalumensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 111 ; [ nacl ] , # 2107 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 164 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 38 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes bicolor ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 2063 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 29 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes whitmanella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; [ nacl ] , # 2124 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 31 , pl . 4 , f . 77 - 78 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes viduella ; [ nacl ] , # 2123 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 54 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 215 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 49 ; [ me3 ] , 32 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes continuella ; [ nacl ] , # 2069 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 37 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 52 - 53 , pl . 4 , f . 88 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16 ; [ fe ]\n= ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 15 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 , 331\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331\nnova scotia , sw . manitoba , north carolina , missouri . see [ maps ]\n= gelechia vernella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 884\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nlarva on quercus imrbricaria ? q . rubra , q . velutina , q . alba , ostrya virginiana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52\ncalifornia , oregon , washington , texas , oklahoma , arkansas , louisiana , mississippi , florida . see [ maps ]\nlarva on quercus lobata , q . kelloggii , q . garryana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52\nnova scotia , quebec - florida , sw . wisconsin , e . texas , e . oklahoma . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nlarva on quercus macrocarpa , q . rubra , fagus grandifolia , carya hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53\n= ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 879 ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nlarva on quercu hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54\ns . yukon - washington , northwest territories - nova scotia . see [ maps ]\nlarva on arctostaphylos uva - ursi clarke , 1947 , j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244"]}
{"id": 159, "summary": [{"text": "cymatiella verrucosa is a species of predatory sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family ranellidae , the triton snails , triton shells or tritons . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "cymatiella verrucosa", "paragraphs": ["how can i put and write and define cymatiella verrucosa in a sentence and how is the word cymatiella verrucosa used in a sentence and examples ? \u7528cymatiella verrucosa\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528cymatiella verrucosa\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528cymatiella verrucosa\u9020\u53e5 , cymatiella verrucosa meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .\nsassia ( cymatiella ) peroniana iredale , t . , 1929 : new south wales , australia - s new guinea\n( of triton verrucosa reeve , 1844 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\n( of cymatiella peroniana iredale , 1929 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\nbeu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\n( of triton quoyi reeve , 1844 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nfigures a - b : 23 mm , cape portland , tas ( n ) , coll . s . grove . figures c - d : 25 mm , taroona , tas ( s ) , coll . s . grove . figures e - f : 22 mm , somerset , tas ( n ) , coll . s . grove . figures g - h : 7 mm , clayton , tas ( n ) , coll . s . grove .\ntypical shell - length 25 mm . lives subtidally amongst rocks and seaweed . native . endemic to southeastern australia ( nsw , tas , vic and sa ) . in tasmanian waters , this is a widespread and common species .\nthe web - pages on this web - site are generated from an underlying database . these can be cited as\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\nthe source code for museums victoria collections is available on github under the mit license .\nour new search experience requires javascript to be enabled . please enable javascript on your browser , then try again .\ncopyright \u00a9 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice\namounts shown in italicised text are for items listed in currency other than euros and are approximate conversions to euros based upon bloomberg ' s conversion rates . for more recent exchange rates , please use the universal currency converter\nthis page was last updated : 09 - jul 21 : 18 . number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date . see each listing for international postage options and costs .\nthe lady helen blackburn collection features more than five hundred seashells from australian beaches , reefs and islands .\nlady helen blackburn was born bryony helen dutton in 1918 , the third of four children to a pioneering pastoralist family . she grew up on the historic anlaby station near kapunda ( the oldest stud sheep station in south australia ) and formed a close relationship with her younger brother geoffrey dutton , who would become a celebrated poet , novelist and historian . the dutton family spent summers at rocky point , the beloved family holiday home on the north coast of kangaroo island , where helen ' s curiosity and love of nature led to a passion for shell collecting that would last a lifetime .\nin 1951 , helen married lawyer richard blackburn ( later sir richard ) . they lived in adelaide and started a family . rocky point remained a focal holiday destination , and helen ' s passion for shell collecting continued to thrive .\nshell collecting has been my greatest joy in life\n, she later wrote .\njust walking on a good beach , hoping to find beach specimens has made me as happy as hunting for live specimens .\n( lady helen blackburn collection file : national museum of australia ) .\nin 1966 , richard was appointed resident judge of the supreme court of the northern territory , where he presided over the first aboriginal land rights case heard in an australian court : milirrpum v nabalco ( 1971 ) . during her time in the northern territory , helen pursued her passion for collecting shells . she visited the gove peninsula of arnhem land ( the country of the yolngu people of yirrkala ) with her husband , and took the opportunity to search for shells .\ncollected at stanley beach , south coast , kangaroo island . collected by h . blackburn 1982\npowered by naturemapr | atlas of life in the coastal wilderness operates under creative commons attribution 3 . 0 australia | privacy"]}
{"id": 167, "summary": [{"text": "nurus is a genus of beetles in the family carabidae , containing the following species : nurus atlas ( castelnau , 1867 ) nurus brevis motschulsky , 1866 nurus curtus ( chaudoir , 1865 ) nurus fortis ( sloane , 1890 ) nurus grandis ( sloane , 1910 ) nurus imperialis ( sloane , 1895 ) nurus latipennis ( sloane , 1903 ) nurus medius darlington , 1961 nurus niger chaudoir , 1878 nurus nox darlington , 1961", "topic": 26}], "title": "nurus", "paragraphs": ["nurus developed the nurus digital chain\u00ae system as part of its integrated project management and logistics services in order to maintain high quality production while conserving energy and resources .\n* nurus fellow : roswitha simons ( universit\u00e4t bonn ) : april 2010 \u2013 june 2011 .\n* nurus fellow : margaret king ( university of cork ) : january \u2013 may 2009 .\nnurus product catalog6 / 7nurus makes surethat the materialsused in manufacturingare in conformitywith international normsand standards , arecertified , recyclable andenvironmentally friendly . sustainabilitybeing humanis to care forfuture generations . nurus . . .\nnurus from 1927 to the present makes difference in the management and design of professional furniture with a contemporary approach . nurus offers thousands of products that user centered and care about environmental factors .\nmessagefrom nurusfrom 1927 to the present , through contemporarymanagement and designunderstanding of a family - ownedbusiness , each nurus productfinds its life with the passion ofthe brand\u2019s entrepreneurial spirit . nurus people work with passionwithout . . .\n* nurus fellow : giacomo della piet\u00e0 : \u2018edition of a drama by cellotius\u2019 , november \u2013 december 2011 .\n\ufeffnurus is shaping the futurenurus is a member of german design council , providing inter - disciplinary knowledge transfer between the companies that shape the future . nurus is a partner of fraunhofer iao research network office 21\u00ae , . . .\nnurus product catalog4 / 5global presencenurus people have stuckloyally to the same ethicalvalues since 1927 . where ideas , objects andpeople meet . as a leader global brand who\u2019sknown for its innovations within thesector , nurus has been sharing itsexpertise . . .\nstudio vertebra is furnishing the new office premises of market research firm \u201cgfk\u201d in istanbul with workplaces and furniture by nurus .\n\ufeffnurus is shaping the futureirwi rnurus is a member of german design council , one of the world\u2019s leading centers of expertise on design . it is unique forum for trans - disciplinary knowledge transfer on brand and design . nurus is . . .\n* nurus fellow : lisa ciccone ( universit\u00e0 di messina ) : \u2018le odule di giovanni quatrario\u2019 , january \u2013 june 2008 .\n1 . nurus atlas is a large , black , flightless , heavily built , predacious ground beetle from the family carabidae .\nnurus works hard to mitigate the environmental impact of its operations , including from procurement to production , from packaging to distribution .\n* nurus fellow : cristina pagnotta ( universit\u00e0 di perugia ) : \u201calcune poesie inedite di francesco maturanzio\u201d , september \u2013 december 2014 .\n* nurus fellow : robert clinton simms : \u2018thomas may\u2019s supplementum lucani . neo - latin satiric poetry\u2019 , january \u2013 march 2013 .\nfor nurus , design is not a beginning but the end of a phase that begins with need . nurus understands the changing needs of people and produces solutions that are beyond its time , designing products that shape the future with its innovative approach based on research - development .\nthe new istanbul office of toymakers lego in istanbul was outfitted in 2014 with modular office furniture by nurus , creating a truly inspiring working environment .\n* nurus fellow : werner gelderblom ( radboud university nijmegen ) : \u2018johannes secundus\u2019 basia : the creation of a master piece\u2019 , january \u2013 may 2009 .\nafter 15 years , it was time for us to make aslight amendment in our logo . simpler , purer , more nurus with less . visit ournew website : www . nurus . comour new website offers ajoyful experience to its users . you can easily reach a lot ofinformation from products . . .\nnurus links\u00ae , links your electronic devices to the furniture offering a variety of solutions for vga , hdmi , plugs , usb adaptors , usb charges , data inputs and interrupters . nurus links\u00ae can be adapted in accordance with your requirements and can be placed any part of the furniture linked to your desires .\n* nurus fellow : antoine haaker ( university of wroc\u0142aw ) : \u2018speaking ancient greek in the renaissance : greek school dialogues\u2019 , october 2011 \u2013 march 2012 .\n2 . nurus atlas appears to have been confined to heavily timbered areas east of the great dividing range on the north coast of nsw ( including the\nbig scrub\n) . prior to the clearing of the\nbig scrub\nrainforest , nurus atlas is thought to have had an extensive distribution in this region . there are many collection records of nurus atlas from the 19th and early 20th centuries ( b . p . moore pers . comm . ) .\n* nurus fellow : luigi silvano ( universit\u00e0 di torino ) : \u2018angelo poliziano\u2019s latin translation of pseudo - alexander of aphrodisia\u2019s problemata \u2019 , january \u2013 june 2009 .\n* nurus fellow : aline smeesters ( ucl , louvain - la - neuve ) : \u2018neo - latin birth poems from the low countries\u2019 , march \u2013 july 2008 .\n* nurus fellow : valerio sanzotta ( universit\u00e0 di cassino ) : \u2018towards a critical edition of marsilio ficino\u2019s argumenta in decem platonis dialogos \u2019 , september 2010 \u2013 february 2011 .\n* nurus fellow : laurent grailet ( universit\u00e9 de li\u00e8ge ) : \u2018the turkish letters of busbecq : a linguistic study\u2019 , november 2007 \u2013 june 2009 ( part time ) .\n* nurus fellow : nienke tjoelker ( university of cork ) : \u2018an analysis of the latin style of the alithinologia ( 1664 ) of john lynch\u2019 , january \u2013 april 2010 .\n* nurus fellow : barbara dowlasz ( universit\u00e4t wien ) : \u2018catullus , horace and ovid in the neo - latin poetry of the 20th and 21st century\u2019 , september \u2013 december 2013 .\n* nurus fellow : fabio della schiava ( universit\u00e0 di firenze / milano ) : \u2018maffeo vegio , de rebus antiquis memorabilibus basilicae s . petri romae \u2019 , january \u2013 june 2008 .\n* nurus fellow : pablo toribio p\u00e9rez ( universidad de sevilla ) : \u2018the reception of late antique and early modern sources in isaac newton\u2019s latin church history , \u2019 may \u2013 june 2014 .\n* nurus fellow : xavier van binnebeke ( independent researcher ) : \u2018neo - latin poetry and the certamen poeticum hoeufftianum ( 1845 - 1978 ) : a study of the sources\u2019 , february \u2013 june 2014 .\nnurus design lab is effective in every phase , from determining the design strategy of the brand to launching the product in the market . during the product development phase , nurus design lab cooperates with other designers in harmony and cooperation . the starting point for the designs is the user\u2019s needs and functionality . the phase continues with ergonomics , sustainability and aesthetic concerns and stays up - to - date by following technological developments .\nthe operations have been strengthened with the strategic step of opening the nurus mena management center in dubai . a new management and sales center in munich which is a major city for logistics and finance is being launched in 2015 . nurus as the owner of many national and international awards by independent juries , has a very important and active role in creating awareness for awarding systems in the eye of consumers , producers and designers in turkey .\nnurus solutions work with zero margin of error in a variety of projects ranging from education to transportation . the whole process from the project phase to the use of products is inspected on a digital platform at every step .\nwww . nurus . comphotography : ali bekmanduygu arsevenart direction & design : beril tokcan creative / www . beriltokcan . comdesign and specifications are subject to change without any prior notification . tasar\u203am ve \u00f6zellikler \u00fczerinde \u00f6nceden . . .\n* nurus fellow : josef eskhult ( helsinki collegium for advanced studies ) : \u2018the conceptualization of the origin and interrelationship of languages in european linguistic thought 1500 - 1800 : a text - philological approach\u2019 , september \u2013 december 2015 .\nnurusis shapingthe futurenurus is a member of german design council , providing inter - disciplinary knowledge transferbetween the companies that shape the future . nurus is a partner of fraunhofer iao research network of\ufb01ce 21\u00ae , which is europe\u2019s . . .\npegasus ltd . has established in 2006 the c . arrius nurus foundation for a period of ten years , a scholarship fund to promote neo - latin studies . every year , a number of stipends were assigned to postgraduate students and young scholars working in the area of neo - latin studies under the supervision of a member of the seminarium philologiae humanisticae . during this decade , the annual ijsewijn lecture was supported by the c . arrius nurus foundation as well .\n0405german design councilnurus is a member of german design council , one of the world\u2019s leading centers ofdedicated to the future of design and innovation , nurus empowers people by means of its designand products , integrated with latest technology . . .\ninspired byyour needsand dreamscirculation is high . . . so are the standarts ! nurus terminals solutionsterminals where human traffic flow is the most intense , we producedifferent requirements for staff and passengers . with the changingspeed of technology , . . .\nproduct design award 2008 \u25a0 designed by nurus d team mb too task chair syncronized mechanism , seat depth adjustniarrt , 3d armrests , headrest , polished aluminium base , 0 : 50 castors for soft floor mg too calpa koltugu . . .\nnurus people have stuck loyally to the same ethical values for 88 years ; it is a large family consisting of employees , designers , suppliers , solution partners and users . each member of the family is bound together by trust and loyalty .\nconceptualized with nurus d team ' s approach that\na well designed office chair is the health insurance for the employee\n, and produced according to european norms . with its technical details and product ergonomics eliminating the problems encountered . . .\n* nurus fellow : st\u00e9phane mercier ( universit\u00e9 catolique de louvain ) : \u2018de guilielmo becano societatis jesu ejusque scriptis dissertatio prooemialis , cum interpretatione francogallica ejusdem elegiarum librorum ii , cumque notis atque adnotationibus permultis auctore s . mercier\u2019 , february \u2013 june 2015 .\n* nurus fellow : atsuko fukuoka ( university of tokyo ) : \u2018 jus circa sacra \u2013 a contested right of the sovereign in the context of seventeenth - century debates on the church - state relationship in the netherlands\u2019 , september 2010 \u2013 january 2011 .\ndesigned by nurus d teamdestekleyen . . . destekleyen . . . konumdati piacerebbe una sedia ; che sostenga le tuebraccia mentre lavori alcomputer ? che sostenga la tuaschiena mentre lavori ? con il supporto lombare ? che ti dia la possibilit\u00e0 dirilassare la schienaquando . . .\ncomfort & simplicity single , double , triple seater or corner , various forms for various interiors . microsoft hq . , istanbul designed by : nurus d team , 2002 kubik cizgiler , kompakt bir goruntu . tekli , ikili , uqiu ya da l kanepe secenekleriyle , . . .\ndesigned by / tasarm : nurus design studio fe - box metal storage system is designed to assistcreating a more effective office space . its large range of units with aluminium framed glass doors , open shelf , tambour and wooden doors , covers all the needs of the . . .\n5 . in view of 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 above , the scientific committee is of the opinion that the numbers of nurus atlas have been reduced to such a critical level and its habitats have been so drastically reduced , that it is in immediate danger of extinction .\nthe scientific committee , established by the threatened species conservation act , has made a final determination to list the beetle nurus atlas castelnau , 1867 as an endangered species on part 1 of schedule 1 of the act . listing of endangered species is provided for by part 2 of the act .\n3 . nurus atlas had not been collected for many years and was thought to be extinct until 1973 when it was re - discovered by g . monteith in victoria park , near lismore . the only other known locations are near lismore and alstonville ( g . monteith pers . comm . ) .\nnurus understands , stands by , empathizes with humankind , and performs its responsibilities meticulously in every phase of manufacturing because of its farsightedness and the sustainability of life . its production is done at a building that makes the most of natural daylight , which can use rainwater for watering the garden , which increases the quality of air and the amount of clean air inside the building , which has architectural characteristics that comply with green building criteria thanks to its heating - cooling and advanced acoustic management . nurus makes sure that the materials used in manufacturing are in conformity with international norms and standards , are certified , recyclable and environmentally friendly .\n* nurus fellow : diana stanciu ( bucarest ) : \u2018the passions and the fate of the stoics in seventeenth - century england : justus lipsius\u2019 influence in ralph cudworth\u2019 ( july \u2013 september 2009 ) ; and \u2018philippus van limborch : arguments for toleration and irenicism in his correspondence with ralph cudworth\u2019 ( september \u2013 december 2009 ) .\n* nurus fellow : \u0161ime demo ( university of zagreb ) : \u2018linguistic aspects of latin - croatian macaronic poetry : localising a global phenomenon\u2019 , october 2011 \u2013 february 2012 . research project : european and especially croatian macaronic poetry against the background of recent linguistic theories on social ( broad cultural and pragmatic ) and grammatical conditions that shape linguistically mixed texts .\nas a leader global brand whose known for its innovations within the sector nurus on its 88th year , continues to share its expertise , and unique & sensitive entrepreneurial spirit with consumers in more than 30 countries more than 40 dealers . the company is strengthening its position in the gulf countries by increasing the number of monobrand stores with the goal of becoming the regional leader .\nistanbul : bykdere cad . karakol sk . no . 2 34330 levent / istanbul turkeytel : + 90 212 269 63 00fax : + 90 212 270 48 28e - mail : istnurus @ nurus . com . trankara : reflit galip cad . no . 69 06700 gaziosmanpafla / ankara turkeytel : + 90 312 447 62 32 ( pbx ) fax : + 90 312 446 . . .\nnurus is a member of fira ( furniture industry association ) and bifma ( business and institutional furniture manufacturers association ) and holds the en iso 9001 : 2001 ( quality management system standard ) certificate since 1996 , en iso 14001 : 2004 ( environmental management system standard ) certificate since 2004 and ohsas 18001 : 2007 ( health and safety management system standard certificates ) certificate since 2007 to present .\nmaintaining and updating the site requires a lot of time and effort . therefore , we are forced to introduce a partially paid access . we expect that the costs will not be too burdensome for you , and your money will help us in the development of interactive keys , and more dynamic updates of the site .\nyour subscription will be activated when payment clears . view the status of your subscription in your account .\nthis project help increase the availability of scientific knowledge worldwide . contributions at any level help sustain our work . thank you for your support .\n\u00a9 carabidae of the world , 2007 - 2018 \u00a9 a team of authors , in in : anichtchenko a . et al . , ( editors ) 2007 - 2018\nthe romance descendants of this word reflect a vulgar latin * n\u014fra , regularized into the first declension which is usual for feminines , but preserving the o expected from pie * u before * s > r ( the classical u is irregular ) .\nthis page was last edited on 24 april 2018 , at 21 : 05 .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy .\n* visiting scholar : jan rothkamm ( paris ) : \u2018ermolao barbaro\u2019s journey to flanders 1486\u2019 , january 2013 .\n* visiting scholar : micha\u0142 czerenkiewicz ( university of warsaw ) , \u2018neo - latin netherlandish literary culture in the 16th and 17th century and \u201cthe polish lipsius\u201d , simon starowolski\u2019 , september \u2013 october 2010 and march 2012 .\n* research fellow : pablo toribio p\u00e9rez ( consejo superior de investigaciones cient\u00edficas , madrid ) : \u2018isaac newton : unpublished latin writings on church history . critical edition , translation , and study ( yah . ms . var . 1 / newton 19 , jewish national and university library , jerusalem ) \u2019 , september \u2013 december 2009 .\n* visiting scholar : krzysztof fordonski ( university of warsaw ) , november 2008 .\n* visiting professor : robert young ( renaissance literature and literary criticism in the english dept of north carolina state university ) : \u2018english translation of justus lipsius\u2019s de constantia\u2019 , october \u2013 november 2007 .\n* visiting professor : natalia agapiou , september \u2013 february 2006 - 2007 ; february \u2013 july 2008 ( teaching \u201cgreco - roman mythology in european literature and art from the middle ages until modern times\u201d in the medieval and renaissance studies program ) .\n* visiting scholar : andrez budzisz ( katolicki uniwersytet lubelski ) , research on neo - latin epic literature , december 2004 \u2013 june 2005 .\n* visiting scholar : david walker , executive officer at the faculty of economics and commerce of the university of melbourne , australia , 2004 - 05 .\n* visiting scholar : jill kraye ( the warburg institute , london ) : research on \u2018pre - lipsian\u2019 louvain philosophical writings in the sixteenth century , august 2004 .\n* visiting scholar : juan ballesteros sanchez ( universidad de pablo de olavide , sevilla ; dept . humanidades \u2013 sec . historia antigua ) : research on lipsius\u2019s admiranda , july \u2013 august 2004 .\n* visiting scholar : david money ( university of sunderland \u2013 wolfson college , cambridge ) , 2003 .\n* visiting professor : charles fantazzi ( university of windsor , ontario and east carolina university , north carolina ) , 2002 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n4 . the survival of this species is threatened by an extremely restricted distribution , clearing of rainforest remnants , removal of fallen timber and ground cover and collecting activities .\nstrong and light : carbon is the high - flyer . in product design too and even in times when sustainability should play an ever greater role , the industrial material shows its sensational potential .\nrsersctingtingassionssion > 30 > 50designawardsdesignawards > 100 . 000\u2019s > 100 . 000s\u221e\u221esolutions fordifferentculturessolutions fordifferentcultureshappy : ) peopleof happypeople : ) to be continued . . . to be continued\n0203emotional intelligencein design with nurusrecently , the various needs of different generations working in the same office have triggered amajor change in business life and working styles . inspired by the idea of designing environmentsthat foster creativity , . . .\n0607research : workingenvironmentdeciding ownworking times : % 55more than half of theemployees mainlydecide on their ownwhich timesthey are working . companies support activity - basedworking through giving employees theautonomy to decide their own working times , places . . .\nemotionalintelligencein designfrom game maker companies of the global economy to start - ups , from flat offices with4 meter high ceilings to home offices , living spaces is being redefined . a reflection of the value you give to you employee is hidden in what . . .\nersctingassion > 50designawards > 100 . 000s\u221esolutions fordifferentcultureshappypeople : ) to be continued . . .\nnumbersreflectingour passion1927 do > 50to m > 100 . 000s45 . 000trustheritagerelaibilityexperiencedesignawards2 > 40worldwidelocationscapacitytechnologyqualitysustainability37internationaldesigners\u221ehappypeoplesolutions fordifferentcultures : ) to . . .\nnews + published for orgatec 2014the great success of orgatec 2014 was onlymade possible by the tireless efforts of ournurus family . we sincerely thank each andevery contributor for their role in this event . al\u2039 a\u2044ustoslug\u00f6zde severo\u2044lui\u015fik . . .\ninspired byyour needsand dreamsfrom game maker companies of the global economy to start - ups , from flat offices with4 meter high ceilings to home offices , living spaces is being redefined . a reflection of the value you give to you employee is hidden in . . .\nersctingassion > 30designawards > 100 . 000\u221esolutions fordifferentcultureshappypeople : ) to be continued . . .\nin contemporary business life , workplace solutions helporganisations to increaseefficiency and productivity bysupporting the management ofinformation , and effectiveintegration of human andtechnological communication . silva is designed to providesolutions . . .\nworkstations2 - 15executive des16 - 21 meeting systems22 - 28qagdas ofis yasammda gahsma alani , onu kullanan ki\u00a7ilerin ise olan baghlik vemotivasyonunda onemli bir rol ustleniyor . qalismaortammin gahsana , organizasyonyapisma ve kuruma uygunlugu , ofislerdedogru . . .\nutions silva , ? ali\u00a7ma alanmda verimlilik ve soluzioni di lavoro per aumentare silva , diehnt als arbeitsplatzlosung zururetkenlige katkida bulunur . i ' efficienza e la produttivita . steigerung der effizienz und produktivitat .\nexecutive areas m chair executive and task chairs provide 16 degrees backwards tilt , lockable in 6 different positions . aluminium & polypropylene are two alternative choices for the base . m chair yonetici ve galisma koltuklannda 16 dereceye . . .\nurltoken local sales : buyukdere cd . karakol sk . no : 2 34330 levent istanbul / turkey t : + 90 212 269 63 00 f : + 90 212 270 48 28 e : info @ urltoken . tr international sales : buyukdere cd . karakol sk . no : 2 34330 levent istanbul / turkey t : + 90 212 269 63 . . .\nproduct familyurun ailesi | prodotti | produktfamilie single sofa i tekli koltuki singolo divano i singel sofa double sofa i ikili koltuk i doppio divano idoppel sofa - 136 - 1 li triple sofa | up koltuk | tripld . . .\nurltoken local sales : biiyiikdere cd . karakol sk . no : 2 34330 levent istanbul / turkey t : + 90 212 269 63 00 f : + 90 212 270 48 28 e : info @ urltoken . tr international sales : biiyiikdere cd . karakol sk . no : 2 34330 levent istanbul / turkey t : + 90 212 269 . . .\na well designed task chair is the health insurance at the office for the individuals me too , gunde en az sekiz saatimizi , me too e stato progettato per me too wurde entwickelt urn die hayatimizin ucte birini gecirdigimiz migliorare la . . .\nreward yourself reward yourself with one of the best and most awarded task chairs of the world . me too ' s synchronized mechanism permits tilting the sitting angle 4\u00b0 forward , and 27 0 backward and allows for fixing at 3 positions . . . .\nw e don ' t believe thai terminals should only be existing of gate seatings .\npeople travel , observe and experience things . terminals are places that passengers go by regularly to go to a new destination . think , wait , work , talk , read , walk . . .\ntrm trm is a modular public seating system designed for terminals and other public spaces offering comfortable waiting experience . it has various configuration alternatives such as stainless steel or painted beam in two different leg opti . . .\ntake a breakfree your mindhave a sit and enjoy the pleasure of comfort . view how the rules of symmetry and ordercan change . bir mola ver . d\u00fc\u00fe\u00fcncelerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrb\u0131rak . otur ve konforun keyfini\u00e7\u0131kar . d\u00fczen ve simetri . . .\nr home & officee ight and coffee tables , it ' s comfortable and pleasing . her t\u00fcr dinamik ofis veya ev ortam\u0131na rahat\u00e7aadapte olan hi & lo ergonomik bir oturma\u00fcnitesi . de\u00f0i\u00feken s\u0131rt y\u00fckseklikleri ile al\u0131\u00fe\u0131lm\u0131\u00fe\u0131nd\u0131\u00fe\u0131nda . . .\nthe industrie forum 2001 design award winner l / x has three main themes : hi - tech , natural and white . each theme has been designed to be a part of execunves ' uves that have differenttaste , system and point of view . it also helps them to express their . . .\ni - tech hi - tech hi - tech hi - tech 2 - 13 atural dogal naturale naturlich 14 - 23 white beyaz bianco we / 73 24 - 33 if 2001 tasanm odulii sahibi l / x uc ana temadan olusmaktadir . hi - tech , dogal ve beyaz tema . . . l / x programindaki her . . .\na sharp expressio that fills the office with dynamism . glass on horizo components on vertical yatay yuzeylerde cam , dikey bilesenlerde ise aluminyum kullanilan hi - tech temasimn keskin ve net ifadesi bulundugu ofise dinamizm getirmektedir . . . .\nteamwork 2 gate is a bridge . it is a flawless platform organizing the cable management and storage units needed in an office on its body . it is a flexible system which provides its users the opportunity to create a private area , plans . . .\nflexibility composed of operational desks , the functional main axle which acts as a bridge and the storafi xeends ^ system ' \u00b0ffers flexible ' and practical ^ olut ^ o ^ for the di ^ operasyonel masalar , kopru gdrevi goren islevsel . . .\nthere is a world i ' d like to create pure and plain . minimizing the crowd around everyone , creating an easier life , i am trying to provide a plain and simple life . innovative and exciting as well . every object should be functional , serving . . .\na new approach for meeting system to toplanti sistemine yepyeni bir yakla\u00a7im . to e un approccio completamente nuovo ad una riunione di sistema . to stellt einen neuen ansatz fur konferenzraume dar .\nto is inspired by divan , the council of state in ottoman culture , used holding of a court or public sitting . instead of ordinary type of meeting , sitting around a table , to offers to the attendees to use their body languages easily , and to . . .\nnext is a new approach for executives who always have a next step . next is designed with the principles of purity and contrast . the simple lines created by its geometric form catch es the contrast between less and more . the thin tabletop ending with a . . .\nyal\u00fdn ve pratik kullan\u00fdm\u00fd ve farkl\u00fdmalzeme se\u00e7enekleri ile infinite , farkl\u00fd mekanlara uyum sa\u00f0lar vekolayl\u00fdkla istiflenebilir . infinite , semplice e pratico per l ' uso dellediverse opzioni e le attrezzature adattarsiai . . .\n2for cafe and restaurants , educational institutionsarrangement to the needs of the space . the definite solufor every socialvodafone headquarters , istanbul\ns or waiting areas , infinite provides the optimumlutionalizing areainfinite , caf\u00e9 ve restoranlar , e\u00f0itim kurumlar\u00fdyada bekleme alanlar\u00fd gibi t\u00fcm sosyal alanlari\u00e7in en uygun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc sunar . la definitiva soluzione . . .\nmust offer to its users increased productivite fl and aesthetically - pleasing working environment ! designed to meet all filing and storage requiremein automated machines in 22 seconds , to support dur .\nlxiblli i y and uumhuki , imhkuvhu hhali h and oahh i y , 5 . taking into consideration these values , cube is its of the user . it is manufactured in metal by fully - ability and fire resistance of the workspace . gnm\ubefbzde ofis yasammin nemli bir parasi . . .\nerent dimensions , color and material options , pencil tray and concealed pencil drawer . lgaih geni r\u7e79n ailesi ile cube lu , renk ve malzeme se\u49e7enklerinin yanmda , askili dosya , ekmece , kalemlik ve gizli kalemlik gibi farkh tipleriyle farkh . . .\nstone creates a natural feel in both private andedges and corners . imaginable experience of form\norms mimariyle uyum saglayan organik architetturale e comodante organici bietet mit seiner architektur - harmonisch - formu le mekanlara fonksiyonel moduli per soddisfare le funzioni . organischen form funktioneile raumlsungen . \ued27zumler sunar .\nofislere konfor ve esneklik geliyor . ki\u00feiselle\u00fetirilebilen ve caltannergonomisine uyum sa\u00f0layan mia , ofislerde ge\u00e7irilen uzun caltmasaatlerini kolaylattryor . ourscomfort e flessibilit\u00e0 sono inuffici . mia \u00e8 facile di adattare . . .\n\u00e7e\u00feitlilik batarya katk\u00fdda bulunur . farkl\u00fdmekanizma ve s\u00fdrt y\u00fcksekli\u00f0i se\u00e7enekleri ilemia , ergonomik ve sadlkl caltma olanadsunarak , motivasyonu art\u00fdr\u00fdr . he successergonomy and improved motivation for everyone . diversit\u00e0 . . .\nsolution to give a gentle , sensual and transparent effect modem , hafif , zarifve moderna , leggera , lgante , modem , leicht , \u9a69lgant und ayni zamanda konforlu . ma anche confortevole . gleichzeitig bequem .\nfiat ynetici odalan ya da bekleme alanlannda kullanilmak zere tasarianmistir . fiat \u4e68 stato progettato per uso allestanzedi manager o sala d ' attesa . fiat wurde zur nutzung in managerrumen oder in wartesle kreiert .\nseating unit designed 4u ! reddot design award winner 2009 formuylayaratici ve eglenceli biroturma nitesi . creativo e giocosa sedura 4u durch seine form eine kreative und amusante sitzeinheit .\nesigned for working , integrating , ommunicating , isolating , succeding and enjoying life . u too , \u0567ahmak , toplanti u too stato progettato u too wurde designed um arbeiten , kommunikation yapmak , oturmak , dinlenmek perlavorare , incontrarsi , und . . .\n\u25a1 l r n \\ tisfy different needs arising from everyday life . orkstations , meeting desks , cabinets , sideboards , easily applicable to either office or home use . u too gn iinde ortaya \ub9e7ikan farkh gereksinimlere kolayhkla uyarlanabilen esnek ve . . .\nsema sehpa dervi\u00felerindans\u00fdndaki uyum vedengeden ilham almaktad\u00fdr .\nsema\n\u00e8 il nome dato al ballo deidervishes girantesi che simbolizzal ' armonia e l ' equilibrio .\nsema\nist der name des tanzes derwirbelnden derwische , der dieharmonie . . .\nurltoken local sales : bykdere cd . karakol sk . no : 2 34330 l\u9ee8vent istanbul / turkey t : + 90 212 269 63 00 f : + 90 212 270 48 28 e : info @ urltoken . tr international sales : bykdere cd . karakol sk . no : 2 34330 l\u9ee8vent istanbul / turkey t : + 90 212 269 . . .\n< il vnizational and individual alterations , but can also functional changes . this is achievable if only e and functional just as in fe2 metal cabinet . y : performansi yksek ahsma alanlan , organizasyona ve bireylere bagh degisikliklere kolayhkla adapte . . .\nin dimension , h : 72 h : 80 h : 120 h : 160 h : 200 l\u0527 , tip , ilev , malzeme molteplicitadi dimensione , tipo , vielf\ub9e0ltigkeit in mab , ausfhrung , ve renkte e\u99e7itlilik funzione , materiale e colore funktion , materiai und . . .\nurltoken local sales : bykdere cd . karakol sk . no : 2 34330 l\ube68vent istanbul / turkey t : + 90 212 269 63 00 f : + 90 212 270 48 28 e : info @ urltoken . tr international sales : bykdere cd . karakol sk . no : 2 34330 l\ube68vent istanbul / turkey t : + 90 212 269 . . .\nstandart heightstandart y\u00fckseklikaltezza standardhigh backresty\u00fcksek arkaschienale alto5 star base 5 ' li y\u203ald\u203az ayak base a 5 braccipolished aluminium polisajl\u203a al\u00fcminyum alluminio spazzolatopolypropylene polipropilen polipropilenemechanism . . .\nfor you and for your team . a well designed chair is the health insurance of an office worker . sizin i\u00e7in ve t\u00fcm ekibiniz i\u00e7in . \u2039yi tasarlanm\u203afl bir ofis koltu\u00a4u \u00e7al\u203aflanlar\u203an sa\u00a4l\u203ak sigortas\u203ad\u203ar . per . . .\ndat - o , increases the quality of life andmotivation to work . designed according to en 1335 , the standard which stands for theergonomy and safety of a task chair in european union countries , dat - o also holds the gs safety certificate . dat - o , yaflam kalitesini . . .\noffice life . dat - o provides ergonomics appropriate to the european norms , and well\u00e7a\u00a4dafl ve dinamik ofislere nefes ald\u203ar\u203ar . hareketli otura\u00a4\u203a ve lumbar ayar\u203a ilemoderna . dat - o \u00e8 realizzata secondo le norme . . .\nfor you and for your team . a well designed chair is the health insurance of an employee . sizin i\u00e7in ve t\u00fcm ekibiniz i\u00e7in . \u2039yi tasarlanm\u203afl bir ofis koltu\u00a4u \u00e7al\u203aflanlar\u203an sa\u00a4l\u203ak sigortas\u203ad\u203ar . per . . .\npeople travel , observe and exprience things . terminais are places that passengers go by regularly to go to a new destination . think , wait , work , talk , read , walk around , shop , sit and have a rest . meet people they know and they don ' t know . get to know . . .\nme too ! task chairchoose yourself , choose your life style , choose your work , choose your health , choose your office chair accurately . be selfish , choose me too ! me too ! ofis koltuukendine ait se\u0127imlerin varsa , hayat tarzn\u06db seiyorsan , iflini . . .\nme too is designed with a view to improving qualityof living at our offices , where we spend at least eighthours every day , i . e . one third of our lives , and toconstructing a healthy way of living at our offices . me too , gnde en az sekiz saatimizi , hayatm\uc6dbzn\u06fcte . . .\ngate bir kpr . bir ofisin ihtiyac\u6f1b olan kablo ynetimini ve depolamabirimlerini gvdesi \u6dbczerinde dzenleyen kusursuz bir platform . grupal\uc9dbflmas i\u06e7in en uygun ortam kurgularken , kullan\u06dbcs\u06dbna bireysel alanyaratma flans . . .\ngate ha la struttura di un ponte . e una piattaforma portante perfettaper la gestione degli elementi di elettrificazione e per l\u0493archivio dufficio . un sistema flessibile che offre la doppia opportunit\u04a1 di creare unambiente per il lavoro di gruppo . . .\nexport : buyukdere cad . karakol sk . no . 2 34330 levent / istanbul turkey tel : + 90 212 269 63 00 fax : + 90 212 279 99 79 e - mail : export @ urltoken for other countries please refer to our web site : www . urltoken difjer ulkelerdeki faaliyetleriyle ilgili . . .\ns - chair is designed as task , meeting and visitor chairs tor dynamic offices . qali\u00a7ma , misafir ve toplanti koltugu olarak ug farkli kullanim igin tasarlanan s - chair , ofls koltuklarimn dinamik gzm\u2e79 . s - chair disegnata per essere usata come . . .\nm - ghair is designed to be used as executive , task , meeting and visitor chairs . it accomodates comfort with its ergonomie nature . yonetici . gali\u00a7ma , toplanti ve misafir koltugu olarak doit farkli kullanim igin tasarlanan m - chair , insan ergonomisine . . .\ndesigned by nci mutlu , mutlu + milano design studio take a break . free your mind . have a sit and enjoy the pleasureof comfort . view how the rules can change . \u02d1close and sincere . dynamic features . an entertaining harmony . the new rules for symmetry andorder . . . .\nit ' s not just for sitting . it ' s also for reading , writing , studying , working , having a drinkand enjoying food . move the tray table and enjoy yourlife . \u0452 sadece oturmak i\u0467in deil . okumak , yaz\u011b yazmak , bir fleylerimek , yemek yemek ve al\u79dbflmakiin . sehpan . . .\nhi & lo is an ergonomic sofa and armchair group that will easily adapt to every office and home environment . it ' s designed to have varying back heights , and this makes it a unique comfortzone . hi & lo is a pleasant and comfortable design with its . . .\nhi & lo table and chair group is also another design wheredynamic and creative ideas meet . hi & lo masa ve sandalye grubu dinamik ve yaratc\u06db fikirlerinbuluflma noktas . anche i tavoli e le sedie della collezione hi & lo sono prodottidinamici . . .\nphotography : ali bekmanduygu arsevenart direction & design : beril tokcan creative / www . beriltokcan . comdesign and specifications are subject to changewithout any prior notification . i disegni e le specificazioni sono conforme acambiamento senza alcun . . .\nanche nella fretta di tutti i giornidevi pure fermarti in qualchemomento . non opporre resistenza . riprendi il fiato . siedi . rientra in te stesso , armonizzati con gli altri , segui l ' ispirazione . alice bbdo istanbul > running and runningwhen we will stop ? take . . .\ndesigned with rounded forms for young , dynamic and creative spaces , connect is a seating unit which can be added , removed and used in many ways . the connect chair and sofa , connect footrest and connect side table connect and join to provide a point . . .\nconnect junior , designed for smaller spaces , is a dynamic and fun seating unit which can be assembled , seperated and used in different variations just like connect . connectconnect juniorartificial leather / dar mekanlar iin tasarlanan connect junior , . . .\ntaklamakan brings peace and simplicity to its environment . adds space to interiors as the reclining curves of the desert . taklamakan , bulunduu yere safl\u011b\u011b ve huzuru taflyor . t\u06dbpk \u06e7ln tekrar eden yumuflak dalgalar\u6f1b gibi mekanlara . . .\nthe taklamakan desert is not the inspiration point of the object ; it is the description of the end product . \u04d5 \u04ccsmini ald\u06e4 taklamakan \u06c7l esin kayna\u6f24 de\u06e4il , sonu r\u7f3cnn betimlemesidir . \uc513il deserto taklamakan . . .\ntaklamakan two seater / t aklamakan ikili / taklamakan due posti l : 153 cm w : 49 . 5 cm h : 45 cm > 153cm the extractable coffee table contributes to taklamakans form and functionality . tavolino da caff\u04a9 : estraibile e versatile ; armonioso esempio . . .\nluna concept brings style , comfort and simplicity to all interiors with its unique design and high quality manufacturing . benzersiz bir tasarim ve i\u00a7giligin urunfl olan luna ' nin koltuk segenekleri i evinize , ofisinize , bulundugu her yere kallte , . . .\nunctionality and ergonomy are two major goals of a sofa . but above all , its most important features should be comfort and pleasure you get out of it . divan offers this and more to its users with its extraordinary design and aestethics . bir koltuk igin . . .\nwith its wide range of accessories and creative components , divan performs a great harmony in every space . divan , farkli boyut , aksesuar ve yaratici bile enlerl lie her tur mekana ve ihtlyaca kolayca uyum saglar divan ergonomico e funzionale . le sue . . .\nyou would not feel a perfectly designed chair while sitting on it . the most important feature of an office chair is its comfort . add this , its ergonomics , premium technology , mobility , new forms , personalised design and flexibility ; working in the . . .\nwith its aesthetic and timeless design , seben will certainly increase your productivity in the office . kararh , estetik ve zamansiz bir duru\u00a7a sahip olan yonetici koltugu seben ' le i\u00a7 yerlerinde verimin artacagi kesin .\nistanbul : buyukdere cad . karakol sk . no . 2 34330 levent / istanbul turkey tel : + 90 212 269 63 00 fax : + 90 212 270 48 28 e - mail : istnurus @ urltoken ankara : resit galip cad . no : 69 06700 gaziosmanpa\u00a7a / ankara turkey tel : + 90 312 447 62 32 ( pbx ) . . .\nmono is designed to bring order to disorder . its different sizes provide new functionalities . mono can be shaped according to your needs . a stand - alone seperator . mono , daginikligm yerine duzeni , hareketsizligin yerine degnimi sunan bir sistem . farkli . . .\nmono , designed for innovative , creative and modern homes and state of the art offices , offers more than what is expected of a shelf system . it is refined , strong and intelligent mono is the meeting point of comfort and functionality with its height . . .\nhb s \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0438 - - \u0433 - * \u0449 b n . 9003 n . \u043e\u043e\u0448 l : 162 . 5 \u0448 w : 45ci\u072fi h : 167 cm l : 142 . 5 gin w : 45 cm h : 167 cm . . .\nto is not only a sofa or a container , but atotally new alternative way of meeting . there is a world id like to create . pure and plain . > to sadece bir koltuk ya da dolap de\u04a5il , toplantanlay\u06dbflna getirilen yepyeni bir yaklafl\u06dbm . minimizing . . .\nto non soltanto una poltrona o un armadio , ma un concetto alternativo e novissimo delle riunioni . to is designed for not only comfortable and creative meetings , but also sophisticated executive ones . to , yaratc\u86db toplantlar yap\u06dblacak kadar . . .\nto is a unique solution that can be preferred as a whole meetingsystem as well as a single sofa . to zgn \u6f27zm anlay\u6f1bfl tek bir koltukdan dev bir toplant\u06dbsistemine kadar eflitlilik gsterebiliyor . to le sue soluzioni sono valide sia per . . .\nle serrature del sistema basic boxsono realizzate in color nero opaco\u04d5 . la versione nero - opaco anticontundente . all locks in basic - box storage system aremanufactured with either metallic greyor black opaque colour options . black opaque keys also has . . .\nbasic - box cabinets can be used to support individual or group filing . they can be used to organise a space as a dividing wall or make up a high - densitiy storage area . gerek kiflisel , gerekse genel hacimlerin ihtiyacn\u06db karfllayan basic - box , mekanlar\u06db . . .\ndouble layer constructed units are available in multiple height , width and a range of closure choices . ift cidarl\u01dc yapdaki fe - box metal dolap sistemi , farkl\u06db boy , en ve kapak eflitleri ile genifl bir r\u7f3cn yelpazesine sahiptir . costruita . . .\nfe - box cabinets can be used to support individual or group filing . they can be used to organise a space as a dividing wall or make up a high - density storage area . gerek kiflisel , gerekse genel hacimlerin ihtiyacn\u06db karfllayan fe - box dolaplar , mekanlar\u06db . . .\nvarto system achieves an esthetic and functional flexibility beyond conventional work stations . il sistema varto realizza una flessibilit estetica e funzionale che supera le postazioni convenzionali . varto , gn\u0f3cmz ofis ihtiyalar\uc9dbna uygun estetik . . .\nsason & digor sono due sistemi alternativi di gambe di varto . il sistema di gambe sason permette una soluzionedella gestione dei cavi mediante la sua struttura di gambe . varto ; sason ve digor ayak seenekleri ile deiflik be\u7924enilere hitap ederken , sason . . .\naccessory alternatives of varto creates spaciousness in the workspace . panele taklabilen aksesuar alternatifleri ile varto , \u06e7alflanlar\u06dbn masast alanlar\ucf1bn geniflletir . le alternative di varto per quanto riguarda gli accessori crea spaziosit\u06e0 . . .\nnel mondo del lavoro di oggi , le postazioni di lavoro aiutano le organizzazioniad migliorare lefficienza e la produttivit\u04a1 attraverso il managementdellinformazione e l\u0493effettiva integrazione tra uomo e tecnologia . la lineasilva stata progettata . . .\nthe office furniture can be used to increase interaction as well as privacy , depending on the situation . great thoughts and functional solutions arise in a good working environment . the silva series is designed to be versatile , timeless , long lasting and . . .\nthe system design of silva is to have a good relation between people and the organisation with chosenmethods of communication , while keeping in mind that space planning is not just about furniture layout . silvan\u0484n sistem tasar\u0444m\u0444 , \u0467alflanlar . . .\nan office that is > creative an office that is > democratic an office that is > smart an office that is > unique an office that is > efficient an office that is > personal an office that is > joyful an office that is > living . . .\ndesigned by : fritz frenkler & annette ponholzer f / p design gmbh . 4 > 5 >\ncreative classical office is quite clearlybeating a retreat . creativity , however needs a workambiance improvingintelligence and intentiveness . so , what must an office looklike to obtain optimumproductivity ? 6 > 7 >\nthe main task of furniture design isnot to invent new furnitures as tables , cabinets or sideboards , but to designthem in a good and suitable manner , one way to do that , is to show thedignity of proportion , form , colour , material and know how . by doing that , the . . .\ndesigned by / tasarm : fritz frenkler - annette ponholzer f / p design gmbh . >\ni / x , vincitore dellindustrie forum 2001 design award , \u04a9 stato progettato in tre linee : high - tech , natural e white . ciascuna linea stata studiata per essere lanima di unufficio direzionale . ufficio che ha gusti e necessit\u84a0 diverse a seconda . . .\nclearly designed details together with simple and creative forms ; i / x produces perfect solutions for the executive through a working day . aklc\u06db z\u7dbclmfl detaylar , sade va yapc\uc6db izgilerle birleflince , i / x ofisleri gn\u7f3cn her annda , . . ."]}
{"id": 198, "summary": [{"text": "the cuban bullfinch ( melopyrrha nigra ) is a songbird species of the monotypic genus melopyrrha .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "sometimes classified in the bunting and american sparrow family ( emberizidae ) , more recent studies have shown it to be part of the tanager family ( thraupidae ) .", "topic": 6}, {"text": "therein , it belongs to the lineage of tholospizan \" finches \" , which also includes the famous darwin 's finches .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "it is found in the cayman islands , there only on grand cayman , and cuba .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and heavily degraded former forest .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "it is not considered a threatened species by the iucn . ", "topic": 17}], "title": "cuban bullfinch", "paragraphs": ["cuban bullfinch is an inquisitive species . he / she will seek you out . i recorded this song on the mastic trail and was met by multiple cuban bullfinch . it seemed that everytime i rested that quietly a cuban bullfinch would chek me out .\nrising , j . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . cuban bullfinch ( pyrrhulagra nigra ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nioc world bird list ( v 5 . 3 ) , website ( version 5 . 3 )\ngill , f . , and d . donsker , eds . 2015 . ioc world bird list ( v 5 . 3 ) . available at urltoken [ accessed 04 september , 2015 ]\nzoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource , 2015 . 02 . 01 , website ( version 01 - feb - 15 )\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nauthors : xochitl ay\u00f3n g\u00fcemes , edwin ruiz rojas , and eduardo e . i\u00f1igo - elias\nay\u00f3n g\u00fcemes , x . , e . ruiz rojas , and e . e . i\u00f1igo - elias ( 2013 ) .\n) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .\ntreated in melopyrrha in hbw ( see genus pyrrhulagra ) . usually considered conspecific with p . taylori . monotypic .\ncuba ( including some larger cays in sabana - camag\u00fcey archipelago , cayo saet\u00eda , and cayo cantiles and cayo arenoso in los canarreos archipelago ) and i of pines .\n14\u201315 cm ; male 9\u201318\u00b74 g , female 10\u00b72\u201318\u00b73 g , unsexed 9\u201322 g . small , dark finch with curved bill and white band on edge of wing . . . .\nsong ( given from male atop a low tree ) a thin melodious trill that ascends or descends in pitch , . . .\nsemi - deciduous , evergreen and open woodland , second growth , coastal vegetation ( including . . .\nfeeds on insects , seeds and fruit . incidental observations during breeding season in w cuba recorded birds taking fruit (\nseason mar\u2013aug , usually until jul , with display noted from jan . both pair members construct a large spherical bulky mass with . . .\nnot globally threatened . currently considered near threatened . restricted - range species : confined to the cuba eba . population size has not been quantified . reasonably common . . .\nonly subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !\nonly members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !\nnewly constituted subfamily ( \u201cdome - nesting tanagers\u201d ) that includes nectarivores , seed - eaters and insectivores , with a high proportion of insular species ( including \u201cdarwin\u2019s finches\u201d ) , all of them with the exception of coereba treated in emberizidae in hbw ; all build covered or domed nests with side entrances .\nthis name ( type portoricensis ) has priority over melopyrrha # r ( type nigra ) , which in hbw was used for a single species ( nigra ) .\nget access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 \u20ac ( instead of 59 . 90 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 85 \u20ac )\nsupporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .\nview more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 9 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 134 . 85 \u20ac )\nthere is a registration fee of 20\u20ac . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won\u2019t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .\nif you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .\nthis map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .\nhbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .\nno flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .\ngreg baker , josep del hoyo , eduardo tejeda lima , pascal vagner , adolfo arag\u00fc\u00e9s .\ndavid lingard , holger teichmann , hal and kirsten snyder , dusan m . brinkhuizen , ken havard , yvonne stevens , dubi shapiro , greg baker , petemorris .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nestablished status : species were formerly present in florida , but are no longer present .\n3 seen in 2 years , unknown if it is an escaped caged bird or a vagrant .\nrobertson , w . b . , and g . e . woolfenden . 1992 . florida bird species : an annotated list . florida ornithological society , gainesville , florida , usa .\nfwc facts : some snook can change sex from male to female . as a result , larger and older specimens are more likely to be female .\nflorida fish and wildlife conservation commission \u2022 farris bryant building 620 s . meridian st . \u2022 tallahassee , fl 32399 - 1600 \u2022 ( 850 ) 488 - 4676\npursuant to section 120 . 74 , florida statutes , the fish and wildlife conservation commission has published its 2017 agency regulatory plan .\nunder florida law , e - mail addresses are public records . if you do not want your e - mail address released in response to a public records request , do not send electronic mail to this entity . instead , contact this office by phone or in writing .\ntomeguin de la tierra - galltio de canto - tiaris olivacea cantando , yellow faced grassquit singing .\nmyavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .\nthere are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .\nthere are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .\nhoward and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :\nyou must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .\navibase has been visited 263 , 297 , 682 times since 24 june 2003 . \u00a9 denis lepage | privacy policy\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 202, "summary": [{"text": "oncaea is a genus of copepods , containing the following species : oncaea africana shmeleva , 1979 oncaea alboranica shmeleva , 1979 oncaea atlantica shmeleva , 1967 oncaea bispinosa b\u00f6ttger-schnack , 2002 oncaea bowmani heron , 1977 oncaea brocha heron , 1977 oncaea brodskii shmeleva , 1968 oncaea clevei fr\u00fcchtl , 1923 oncaea compacta heron , 1977 oncaea convexa heron , 1977 oncaea cristata b\u00f6ttger-schnack , 2005 oncaea crypta b\u00f6ttger-schnack , 2005 oncaea curta g. o. sars , 1916 oncaea curvata giesbrecht , 1902 oncaea damkaeri heron , 1977 oncaea delicata heron , english & damkaer , 1984 oncaea englishi heron , 1977 oncaea furnestini shmeleva , 1979 oncaea glabra heron & frost , 2000 oncaea grossa heron & frost , 2000 oncaea heronae malt , 1982 oncaea illgi heron , 1977 oncaea infantula k. t. gordeeva , 1972 oncaea insolita heron & frost , 2000 oncaea lacinia heron , english & damkaer , 1984 oncaea latimana k. t. gordeeva , 1975 oncaea longipes shmeleva , 1968 oncaea longiseta shmeleva , 1968 oncaea macilenta heron , 1977 oncaea media giesbrecht , 1891 oncaea mediterranea ( claus , 1863 ) oncaea memorata k. t. gordeeva , 1973 oncaea minima shmeleva , 1968 oncaea minor shmeleva , 1979 oncaea mollicula k. t. gordeeva , 1975 oncaea notopus giesbrecht , 1891 oncaea oceanica k. t. gordeeva , 1972 oncaea olsoni heron , 1977 oncaea ornata giesbrecht , 1891 oncaea ovalis shmeleva , 1966 oncaea parabathyalis b\u00f6ttger-schnack , 2005 oncaea paraclevei b\u00f6ttger-schnack , 2001 oncaea parila heron , 1977 oncaea petila heron , 1977 oncaea philippinensis ( kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) oncaea platysetosa boxshall & b\u00f6ttger , 1987 oncaea prendeli shmeleva , 1966 oncaea prolata heron , 1977 oncaea pumilis heron , 1977 oncaea rimula heron & frost , 2000 oncaea rotata heron & frost , 2000 oncaea rotunda heron , 1977 oncaea rotundata boxshall , 1977 oncaea scottodicarloi heron & bradford-grieve , 1995 oncaea setosa heron , 1977 oncaea shmelevi k. t. gordeeva , 1972 oncaea tenella g. o. sars , 1916 oncaea tenuimana giesbrecht , 1891 oncaea tregoubovi shmeleva , 1968 oncaea venusta philippi , 1843 oncaea vodjanitskii shmeleva & delalo , 1965 oncaea waldemari bersano & boxshall , 1996 oncaea walleni heron , 1977 oncaea zernovi shmeleva , 1966 a number of nomina dubia and species inquirendae have also been described in oncaea : nomina dubia oncaea neobscura razouls , 1969 oncaea obscura farran , 1908 oncaea parobscura shmeleva , 1979 species inquirendae oncaea bathyalis shmeleva , 1968 oncaea crassimana ( dana , 1849 ) oncaea frosti heron , 2002 oncaea gracilis ( dana , 1852 ) oncaea obtusa ( dana , 1852 )", "topic": 21}], "title": "oncaea", "paragraphs": ["species oncaea ancora gordeeva k . t . , 1973 accepted as epicalymma ancora ( gordeeva k . t . , 1973 )\nspecies oncaea borealis sars g . o . , 1918 accepted as triconia borealis ( sars g . o . , 1918 )\nspecies oncaea expressa gordeeva k . t . , 1973 accepted as conaea expressa ( gordeeva k . t . , 1973 )\nspecies oncaea similis sars g . o . , 1918 accepted as triconia similis ( sars g . o . , 1918 )\nshmeleva , a . a . ( 1967 ) . new oncaea species ( copepodia , cyclopoida ) from south - western part of the atlantic ocean . novyi vid oncaea ( copepoda , cyclopoida ) iz yugozapadnoi chasti atlanticheskogo okeana . zoologicheskii zhurnal 46 ( 4 ) : 621 - 622 , figs . 1 - 2 . ( 10 - iv - 1967 , russian with english summary ) . [ details ]\nissued from : y . - b . go , b . - c . oh & m . terazaki in j . mar . syst . , 1998 , 15 . [ p . 480 , fig . 4 ] . attacking behaviors of oncaea spp . on the body of sagitta ( chaetognatha ) . fvl : head trunk in front fins ; vg : ventral ganglion ; cs : caudal septum nota : direct underwater observations with scuba were performed at night . the attack behavior of oncaea started mostly below the stationary sagitta in the field . the attack distance at which oncaea spp . approached sagitta from below was about 5 - 6 cm ; the attacking behavior from the upper side of sagitta was observed only occasionally , and the attack distance was about 1 - 3 cm . this behaviour suggests that oncaea is not a touch feeder . the attachment sites of oncaea on the body of sagitta spp . were for a total of 320 individuals : ventral side 56 . 3 % , lateral side 32 . 8 % and dorsal side 10 . 9 % . oncaea crept directly to the chaetognath tail or the head region using their second antennae , and pierced the body of chaetognaths with the long claw of the maxilliped , and moved maxillae and mandibles . the chaetognaths did not move at all when this copepod was crawling on the body .\narthur g . humes ; oncaea praeclara n . sp . ( copepoda : poecilostomatoida ) from deep - sea hydrothermal vents in the eastern pacific , journal of plankton research , volume 10 , issue 3 , 1 may 1988 , pages 475\u2013485 , urltoken\ncommon in the ? samples taken in the vicinity of the vents by means of box corers and slurp guns ? ( humes 1988 ) . oncaea sp . has been found in plankton over the mid - atlantic ridge among dirivultids and subadult calanoids ( ivanenko 1998 ) . most of more than 70 species of oncaea occur in the epipelagic zone , several species have been found in the deep bathypelagic zone . go et al . ( 1998 ) recently reported that oncaea feeds on the integuments of various planktonic animals and inflicts especially heavy injuries to chaetognaths ; the copepods of this group ? must gnaw or cut out pieces of host integument with their mandibles . to do this , they adhere tightly to the host by means of their antennae and maxillipeds ? ( heptner & ivanenko 2002 ) .\nbottger - schnack , r . ( 2001 ) .\ntaxonomy of oncaeidae ( copepoda , poecilostomatoida ) from the red sea . ii . seven species of oncaea s . str .\nbulletin of natural history museum 67 ( 1 ) : 25 - 84 .\nnon antaria gracilis dana , 1849 ; 1852 ; oncaea pyriformis lubbock , 1860 ; antaria coerulescens claus , 1866 ( p . 19 ) ; oncaea obtusa : brady , 1883 ( part . , p . 120 , figs . f , m ) ; thompson , 1888 d ( p . 148 ) ; kovalev & shmeleva , 1982 ( p . 85 ) ; onc\u00e4a venusta : giesbrecht , 1892 ( p . 590 , 602 , 774 , figs . f , m ) ; ? razouls , 1972 ( p . 95 , annexe : p . 111 , figs . f , m ) ; 1974 b ( p . 236 , figs . f , m ) ; oncaea praeclara humes , 1988 ( p . 475 , figs ; f , m ) ; suarez - morales & gasca , 1998 a ( p . 112 )\nthe female urosome of oncaea media figured by razouls 1974 ( his fig . 5a ) was obviously not based on an adult specimen ( deficient number of urosome segments ) . later on , this ( incorrect ) figure was also included in the publication by conway et al ( 2003 ) .\nissued from : p . tutasi , s . palma & m . caceres in scienc . mar . , 2011 , 75 ( 4 ) . [ p . 798 , fig . 7a ] geographic distribution of oncaea venusta in september and october 2001 , associated with the weak la ni\u00f1a event of 2001 .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 50 , table 2 ] . body length ( mm ) of oncaea venusta f . typica and venella from the red sea . .\nboxshall , g . a . & r . b\u00f6ttger . ( 1987 ) . two new species of oncaea ( copepoda : poecilostomatoida ) from the red sea and a redescription of o . atlantica shmeleva . journal of plankton research 9 ( 3 ) : 553 - 564 , figs . 1 - 6 . [ details ]\nissued from : e . chatton in arch . zool . exp . & gen . , 1920 , 59 , [ p . 167 , fig . 68 ] . oncaea media female parasited by blastodinium mangini var . oncaae ( dinoflagellate ) . a , lateral view with the parasites inside the gut ; b , two individuals .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 37 , fig . 7 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . male ( from red sea ) : a , p1 ( distal part of endopod ) ; b , p2 ( distal part of endopod ) ; c , p3 ( distal part of endopod ) . oncaea venusta f . venella . male ( from red sea ) : d , p1 ( distal part of endopod ) ; e , p2 ( distal part of endopod ) ; f , p3 ( distal part of endopod ) .\nissued from : g . a . heron in hydrobiologia , 2002 , 480 . [ p . 153 , fig . 6 ] . female : pediger 2 - 4 and urosome ( lateral ) . a , oncaea venusta philippi ; b , oncaea frosti heron ; c , oncaea venella farran . nota : o . venusta is the largest of the three species . in preserved samples , it is rare to find either sex of the species where the urosome is not flexed at a 45\u00b0 angle to the prosome , and the two postgenital segments and the anal seglment telescoped . exoskeleton strongly chitinized and ornamentation conspicuous ; pediger 2 without a conspicuous mid - dorsal dilationnin lateral view ; caudal ramus length variable , slightly shorter or longer than the sum of the three preceding segments . freshly collected specimens of o . venusta from the gulf of naples and new zeland areas both showed a purple - crimson shading on the widest portion of the prosome , posterior of genital segment , anterior of caudal rami , maxillipeds , and of the legs .\nissued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 125 , fig . 11 , c , h ] . as oncaea venusta forma typica . female ( fro 18\u00b0n , 25\u00b0w ) : c , habitus ( dorsal ) ; h , mxp .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 51 , table 3 ] . comparison of morphological characters of oncaea venusta gisbrecht from the gulf of naples with two forms , f . typica and f . venella from the red sea .\nissued from : a . a . shmeleva in bull . inst . oceanogr . , monaco , 1965 , 65 ( n\u00b01351 ) . [ table 6 : 42 ] . oncaea venusta ( from south adriatic ) . dimensions , volume and weight wet . means for 50 - 60 specimens . volume and weight calculated by geometrical method . assumed that the specific gravity of the copepod body is equal to 1 , then the volume will correspond to the weight .\n3x5 c . b . wilson taxonomic card - antaria note : on these cards , the genus antaria is erroneously placed in the family corycaeidae . ( from synonym antaria dana , 1846 ) 3x5 c . b . wilson taxonomic card - myspictosum ( from synonym myspictosum kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) 3x5 c . b . wilson taxonomic card - oncaea 3x5 j . s . ho taxonomic card - antaria ( from synonym antaria dana , 1846 ) 3x5 j . s . ho taxonomic card - myspictosum ( from synonym myspictosum kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) 3x5 j . s . ho taxonomic card - oncaea interactive ( multi - access ) identification key for female oncaeidae of the world ocean marine planktonic copepods ( banyuls / oob / upmc / cnrs ) note : including taxonomic identification plates , remarks , geographic distribution , ecological information & reference list to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) to genbank to itis\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 34 , fig . 4 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female : a , p1 ( anterior ) [ a , 3rd endopod segment , showing aberrant spine number ) ; b , p2 ( anterior ) ; c , p3 ( anterior ) ; d , p4 ( anterior ) .\nissued from : g . a . heron in hydrobiologia , 2002 , 480 . [ p . 152 , table 1 ] . length measurements ( : body length , pl : prosome length , in mm ) for adult females and males of oncaea venusta , o . frosti and o . venella . data are mean lengths ( bold ) , number of specimens measured ( parentheses ) , ranges , and standard error ( se ) at each locality ; - , no specimens .\nissued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 3 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female : a , area between mxp and p1 ( ventral ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , p1 and intercoxal plate ( anterior ) ; d , p2 ( anterior ) ; e , p3 ( anterior ) ; e , p3 ; f , p4 ( anterior ) ; g , p5 ( dorsal ) .\nissued from : j . m . fuentes - rein\u00e9s & e . suarez - morales in check list , 2017 , 13 ( 5 ) . [ p . 515 , figs . 4 , 5 ] . oncaea venusta female ( from rodadero bay , n colombia ) : 4 , urosome ( dorsal ) ; 5 , anal somite and caudal rami ( dorsal ) . nota : genital double - somite about 1 . 8 times as long as wide . - anal somite with paired dorsal pore on posterior margin . - caudal ramus about 3 . 5 times as long as wide .\na new species of planktonic copepod , oncaea praeclara , is described from a depth of 2003\u20132635 m at the east pacific rise , the galapagos rift , and the guaymas basin in the gulf of california . the species may be recognized by a combination of characters : its relatively large size ; the long caudal ramus , which is about two times longer than the anal segment and has a ratio of 4 . 96\u20136 . 7 : 1 ; the sexual dimorphism in the armature of the fourth segment of the second antenna ; and the labrum with a nearly straight posteroventral margin having four median teeth and lateral setules .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 33 , fig . 3 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female : a , a2 ( posterior ; lateral elements are numbered using roman numerals , distal elements indicated by capital letters ) ; b , labrum ( anterior , slit - like pores arrowed ) ; c , idem ( posterior ) ; d , md ( showing individual elements , identified using capital letters ) ; e , mx1 ; f , mx2 ; g , mxp .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 36 , fig . 6 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . male ( from red sea ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ; arrows indicating position of lateral raised pores ) ; b , a1 ; c , mxp ( anterior ) ; d , urosome ( dorsal ) ; e , idem ( ventral ) ; f , idem ( lateral ; spermatophores fylly developed ) ; g , p5 ( dorsal ) ; h , a2 ( posterior ) .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 32 , fig . 2 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female ( from red sea ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ; lateral raised pore enlarged ) ; b , idem ( lateral left side ) ; c , urosome ( dorsal ) ; d , idem ( lateral left side ) ; e , a1 ( small sensory element arrowed ) ; f , caudal ramus ( dorsal ; setae and numbered using roman numerals ) ; g , p6 .\nissued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 2 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female : a , urosome with egg sac ( lateral ) ; b , rostrum and labrum ( ventral ) ; c , a1 ( postero - inner ) ; d , a2 ( antero - outer ) ; e , md ( anterior view ) ; f , paragnaths , mx1 and labial area ( ventral ) ; g , mx2 ( antero - outer ) ; h , mxp ( anterior ) ; i , claw of mxp ( posterior ) .\noncaea media giesbrecht is often mixed up with o . scottodicarloi and o . waldemari . morphological separation between the first two species are given in detail by heron & bradford - grieve ( 1995 ) , who also pointed out that giesbrecht\u00b4s drawing of the female urosome of o . media ( his plate 47 , fig . 11 ) in fact showed the urosome of o . scottodicarloi . thus , giesbrecht\u00b4s figure of the female urosome shown in this database ( above ) should be omitted or a corresponding remark should be added to the legend . for a morphological distinction between all three species of the media - complex see b\u00f6ttger - schnack ( 2001 ) .\nissued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 4 ] . as oncaea praeclara . male : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , urosome ( ventral ) ; d , 3rd segment of a2 ( postero - inner ) ; e , mxp ( anterior ) ; g , spermatophore , partly extruded from male ( ventral ) . nota : p5 reduced to low ridge bearing 2 setae ( lengths 23 and 36 microm . ) , and 1 adjacent ( length 31 microm . p6 represented by posteroventral flap on genital segment bearing spiniform process but no setae\nissued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 1 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female ( from galapagos rift ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , urosome ( dorsal ) ; d , genital area ( lateral ) ; e , caudal ramus ( dorsal ) . nota : ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1 . 49 : 1 . caudal ramus with fine setules along the inner margin , elongate , 125 microm . length , 23 microm . wide proximally ( 17 medially and 20 distally , ratio 6 . 7 : 1 based on medial width\nonc\u00e4a media giesbrecht , 1891 ; 1892 ( p . 591 , 602 , 774 , figs . f , m ) ; no o . media : giesbrecht , 1892 ( pl . 47 : fig . 11 ) ; razouls , 1972 ( p . 95 , annexe : p . 113 , figs . f , non m ) ; 1974 b ( p . 238 , figs . f , non m ) ; o . curta : corral estrada & genicio de corral , 1970 ( p . 30 , pl . xii , figs . 1 - 5 ) oncaea media hymena peterson & miller , 1975 ( p . 642 , 650 , occurrence ) ; 1976 ( p . 14 , table 1 , 2 , abundance vs interannual variations ) ; 1977 ( p . 717 , table 1 , seasonal occurrence )\nepi - to mesopelagic , also demersal and semi - parasitic . sampling depth ( antarct . , sub - antarct . ) : 400 m . overall depth range in sargasso sea : 0 - 500 m ( deevey & brooks , 1977 , station\ns\n) . 0 - 1236 m at station t - 1 ( e tori is , e middle japan ) from furuhashi ( 1966 a ) . this species presents 2 forms ( sub - species ? ) that are characterised by their dimensions . sewell ( 1947 ) suggests also that their spawning season is different . for this author the forma typica is characterized by : the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body as 59 : 41 , and the length and breadth of the anterior region are as 59 to 29 . . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( 5th thoracic segment to caudal rami ) as 13 : 46 : 7 : 7 : 9 : 18 . in the forma venella the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body as 60 to 40 , and the length and breadth of the anterior region as 60 to 24 . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( 5th thoracic segment to caudal rami ) as 13 : 43 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 20 = 100 . the proportions of the caudal rami are as 23 to 6 . for tanaka ( 1960 , p . 71 ) the two forrms : large and small , are present in his material . female : the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body are as 57 to 43 . the anterior region is 1 . 7 times as long as wide ( 63 : 37 ) . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( caudal rami included ) as 13 : 48 : 5 : 5 : 9 : 20 = 100 . caudal rami 4 times as long as broad . heron ( 2002 ) considers the two varieties o . venusta typica and o . venusta venella as two species ( see remarks in oncaea venella and frosti ) , position objected to by b\u00f6ttger - schnack & huys ( 2004 ) . after kazkazmi ( 2004 , p . 232 ) , although free living and pelagic , the species has been found on fish gills ( kazatchenko & adeev , 1977 ) or in a sponge ( ho , 1984 ) and now from the sand ( kazmi & naushaba , 2000 ) . see in dvp conway & al . , 2003 ( version 1 )\nwalter , t . c . & boxshall , g . ( 2018 ) . world of copepods database .\n( of myspictosum kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) kazachenko , v . n . & g . v . avdeev . ( 1977 ) . paraziticheskie kopepody ( copepoda , crustacea ) v sborakh 57 - go reisa nis ' vityaz ' v zapadnoi tropicheskoi chasti tikhogo okeana i moryakh indomalaiskogo arkhipelaga . parasitic copepods ( crustacea ) collected during the 57th cruise of the rv ' vityaz ' in the glubokovodnye biologicheskie issledovaniya v zapadnoi tropicheskoi chasti tikhogo okeana . , trudy inst . okeanol . 107 : 30 - 48 , figs . 1 - 10 . ( russian with english summary ) [ details ]\nboxshall , g . ( 2001 ) . copepoda ( excl . harpacticoida ) , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 252 - 268 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( of antaria dana , 1846 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of myspictosum kazachenko & avdeev , 1977 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of conaea atlantica ( shmeleva , 1967 ) ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nissued from : f . c . ramirez in contr . inst . biol . mar . , buenos aires , 1969 , 98 . [ p . 90 , lam . xviii , figs . 148 , 157 ] . female ( from off mar del plata ) : 148 , habitus ( lateral left side ) ; 157 , a2 . scale bars in mm : 0 . 3 ( 148 ) ; 0 . 05 ( 157 ) .\nissued from : f . c . ramirez in contr . inst . biol . mar . , buenos aires , 1969 , 98 . [ p . 86 , lam . xvii , figs . 138 , 145 ] . female ( from off mar del plata ) : 138 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 145 , urosome ( dorsal ) . scale bars in mm : 2 ( 138 ) ; 0 . 2 ( 145 ) .\nissued from : q . - c chen & s . - z . zhang & c . - s . zhu in studia marina sinica , 1974 , 9 . [ pl . 6 , figs . 1 - 5 ] . female ( from off - shore chekiang province ) : 1 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 2 , p3 ; 3 , p4 . male : 4 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 5 , posterior portion of abdomen .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack & r . huys in hydrobiologia , 2004 , 513 . [ p . 3 , table 1 ] . total body length ( mm ) of size variants of female in different areas of the atlantic , indian and pacific ocean . size groups exhibiting a dorsal swelling on the p2 - bearing somite are marked in bold . * = single specimen .\nissued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 124 ] . female : armature formula of swimming legs p1 to p4 . roman numeral : spine ; arabic numeral : seta .\nissued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 126 , fig . 12 , a - d ] . male : a , urosome ( ventral ) ; b , a2 ( anterior ) ; c , mx1 ( posterior ) ; d , mxp ( anterior ) . nota : caudal rami about 1 . 8 times longer than anal somite and about 2 . 2 times longer than broad . a1 4 - segmented . mx1 bilobed ; outer lobe with 4 setae , the outermost seta is slender and unarmed ; inner lobe with 3 setae .\nissued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 185 , fig . 1 ] . female ( from yellow sea , korea waters ) : a - b , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , md ( with 6 elements indicated by small letters ) ; f , mx1 ; g , mx2 ; h , mxp ; i , p5 ; j , p6 . nota : a1 6 - segmented . md : gnathobase with 5 elements ( a - e ) ; ventral element a shorter than ventral blade , with long , fine spinules along dorsal side ; ventral blade b strong and extensive spiniform , with row of setules on posterior part ; dorsal blade c strong and broad , with 3 dentiform processes along distal margin ; 2 dorsal elements setiform , of which ventral one d shorter , flat and densely setose , dorsalmost one e longer and multipinnate . mx1 single segmented , weakly bilobed : inner lobe ( = praecoxal arthrite ) with 3 elements and outer lobe with 4 elements ( outermost one long spiniform having row of spinules ) . mx2 2 - segmented : syncoxa unarmed ; allobasis produced distally into slightly curved claw bearing 2 rows of very strong spinules along medial margin ; outer margin with strong seta extending almost to tip of allobasal claw , ornamented with few minute spinules distally ; inner margin with slender pinnate seta and strong spine . mxp 4 - segmented , composed of syncoxa , basis extensive and robust , with 2 spiniform spinulose elements nearly equal in length and patches of long setules on inner margin ; 1st endopodal segment without ornamentation ; 2nd one with spinulose claw along concave margin , naked seta on outer proximal margin and unipectinate spine joined to inner margin . proportional lenths ( % ) of urosomal segments and caudal rami 9 . 52 : 47 . 6 : 6 . 7 : 9 . 52 : 20 . 0 . p5 with small plumose growing from lateral surface of somite , and small free exopod without ornamentation , exopod slightly longer than wide , bearing 2 naked setae . p6 expressed as operculum around each genital aperture with spine . caudal rami about 3 times as long as wide with 6 elements .\nissued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 186 , fig . 2 ] . female : a - d , p1 to p4 .\nissued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 185 , fig . 1 ] . female : armature formula , spines ( roman numerals ) and setae ( arabic numerals ) .\nissued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 188 , fig . 3 ] . male : a - b , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , mxp ; f - i , endopods of p1 to p4 , respectively ; j , p5 . nota : a1 4 - segmented ; distal segment corresponding to fused segments 4 - 6 of female ; a2 coxobasis having naked and short seta at innerdistal corner ; distal endopodal segment with seta iii more stout than in female , seta iv spiniform and curved , both elements shorter than in female . p6 expressed as posterolateral flap closing off genital aperture on either side ; covered by minute denticles .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 : 1 - 831 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 5 , 13 ] . as onc\u00e4a venusta . female : 5 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 13 , same ( lateral ) .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 19 ] . as onc\u00e4a venusta . female : 19 , a2 ( posterior view ) .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 50 , 54 , 58 ] . as onc\u00e4a venusta . female : 50 , mx2 ; 54 , mx1 ; 58 , md .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 44 ] . as onc\u00e4a venusta . female : 44 , mxp .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 39 ] . as onc\u00e4a venusta . female : 39 , p4 ( posterior view ) .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 2 ] . as onc\u00e4a venusta . male : 2 , urosome ( ventral ) .\nissued from : c . razouls in th . doc . etat fac . sc . paris vi , 1972 , annexe . [ fig . 66 ] . female ( from banyuls , g . of lion ) : a , urosome ; b , mxp ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , p4 ; f , endopodite of p3 ; g , p1 ; h , p2 .\nissued from : c . razouls in th . doc . etat fac . sc . paris vi , 1972 , annexe . [ fig . 67 ] . male : a , urosome ; b , a2 ; c , mxp .\nissued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 34 , fig . 14 , e - l ] female : e , habitus ( lateral ) [ q ] ; f , same ( dorsal ) [ q ] ; g , anterior of prosome ( ventral ) [ r ] ; h , right a2 [ s ] ; i , labrum ( ventral ) [ u ] ; j , right md [ u ] ; k , left mx1 [ u ] ; l , right mx2 [ w ] . scale bars : see p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets .\nissued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 35 , fig . 15 , a - j ] female : a , right mxp [ s ] ; b , p1 [ y ] ; c , p2 [ y ] ; d , p3 [ y ] ; e , p4 [ y ] ; f , p5 [ s ] . male : g , habitus ( lateral ) [ q ] ; h , same ( dorsal ) [ q ] ; i , 3rd segment of right a2 [ s ] ; j , left mxp [ s ] . scale bars : see p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets .\nissued from : s . - h . hsiao , j . - s . hwang & t . - h . fang in crustaceana , 2010 , 83 ( 2 ) . [ p . 184 , table i ] . copepods collected from the sea around northern taiwan and from southern east china sea extending to the okinawa trough , to study possible spatial heterogeneity . the content of the same metal shows considerable variation both intra - and inter - specifically . the metal concentrations in males are higher than in females . copepod metal quota display spatial variation : coastal water > southern east china sea > kuroshio water , suggesting that the metal contents of copepods are influenced by the water quality of their marine environment .\nissued from : s . - h . hsiao , s . k\u00e2 , t . - h . fang & j . - s . hwang in hydrobiologia , 2011 , 666 . [ p . 326 , fig . 6 ] . variations in the most abundant copepod species ( mean \u00b1 se ) along the transect in the boundary waters between the northern part taiwan strait and the east china sea i march ( black bar ) and october ( grey bar ) 2005 ( mann - whitney u test , sig . * p < 0 . 05 . see drawings of hydrological conditions and superficial marine currents in calanus sinicus .\ncosmopolite ( equatorial , tropical , sub - tropical , temperate ) . from north pacific , also : bering sea , gulf of alaska ; from south : se australia , new zealand . from the north atlantic it seems with difficulty reach the latitude 45\u00b0 , although noted from east nova scotia ( in sameoto & al . , 2002 ) , from labrador and north hudson bay ( in wilson , 1936 d ) ; from the south of south africa and buenos aires , brazil ( s , off rio de janeiro , vitoria bay , ubatuba , off maca\u00e9 , paranagua estuary , camamu , off natal ) , in antarctic ( weddell sea in voronina & kolosova ( 1999 ) , sub - antarctic ( indiian , se pacif . ) , arctic . ( continent ) , also : hawaii ( kaneohe bay ) , clipperton is . , galapagos rift , e pacif . rise , baja california ( bahia magdalena ) , g . of california ( guaymas basin ) , coyuca lagoon ( guerrero ) , acapulco bay , caribbean colombia , rodadero bay , w costa rica , g . of mexico , off mississipi river mouth , off bermuda ( station\ns\n) , delaware bay ( outside ) , bahia cupica ( colombi ) , peru , chile ( n , concepcion ) , australia ( north west cape ) , e korea , cheju island , china seas ( yellow sea , east china sea , south china sea , changjiang river estuary ) , off sw taiwan , taiwan strait , taiwan ( s , ne , e : kuroshio & oyashio currents ) , kueishan is . , korea strait , japan , kuchinoerabu is . , sagami bay , tosa bay , tokyo bay , malaysia ( sarawak : bintulu coast ) , se india ( mallipayyinam - manamelkudi , mediterranean sea ( black sea included ) , g . of guinea , off lagos , red sea\n502 ? ( probably less because inadequacy pr\u00e9cision with o . venella , if it is maintened )\nsee my comments on the taxonomic status of the form variants of o . venusta given in the database\nworld register of marine species ( worms )\n.\nrazouls c . , de bov\u00e9e f . , kouwenberg j . et desreumaux n . , 2005 - 2018 . - diversity and geographic distribution of marine planktonic copepods . sorbonne universit\u00e9 , cnrs . available at urltoken [ accessed july 09 , 2018 ]\nissued from : q . - c chen & s . - z . zhang & c . - s . zhu in studia marina sinica , 1974 , 9 . [ pl . 6 , figs . 12 - 15 ] . with doubt . female ( from off - shore chekiang ) : 12 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 13 , mxp ; 14 , p4 . male : 15 , habitus ( dorsal ) .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 356 , fig . 16 ] . male ( from red sea ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , p5 ( dorsal ) ; c , p6 ( aberrant posterolateral corner arrowed ) ; d , a2 ( anterior ) ; e , md . nota : proportional lengths ( % ) of urosomites and caudal rami 10 . 9 : 58 . 7 : 3 . 8 : 3 . 3 : 3 . 8 : 7 . 6 : 11 . 9 .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 56 , table 4 ] . sexual dimorphism in spine length ( mm ) on distal endopod segment of p2 - p4 in o . media from the red sea . ( data represent single measurments ) .\nissued from : r . b\u00f6ttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 57 , table 5 ] . list of important characters separating o . media and related species . data of o . curta after sars ( 1918 ) , remaining data from present study .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 . atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 32 , 33 ] . as onc\u00e4a media . male : 32 , endopodal segment 3 of p3 ; 33 , endopodal segment 3 of p2 .\nissued from : g . a . boxshall in bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( zool . ) , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 132 , fig . 16 , f - k ] . female ( from 18\u00b0n , 25\u00b0w ) : f , urosome ( dorsal ) ; g , a2 ( anterior ) ; h , md ( anterior ) ; h , md ( anterior ) ; i , mx1 ( anterior ) ; j , mxp ( anterior ; k , p4 ( posterior ) .\nissued from : z . zheng , s . li , s . j . li & b . chen in marine planktonic copepods in chinese waters . shanghai sc . techn . press , 1982 [ p . 101 , fig . 59 ] . doubtful . female : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , mxp ; c , p4 . male : d , habitus ( dorsal ) ; e , urosome ( ventral ) ; f , endopodal segments 2 and 3 of p2 ; g , endopodal segments 2 and 3 of p3 . scale bars in mm .\nissued from : j . h . wi , y . h . yoon & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2009 , 44 ( 2 ) . [ p . 106 , fig . 8 ] . female ( from s korea ) : a - b , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , labrum ( posterior ) ; f , md ; g , mx1 ; h , mxp ; i , p1 ; j , p5 . scale bars in micrometers .\nissued from : j . h . wi , y . h . yoon & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2009 , 44 ( 2 ) . [ p . 108 , fig . 9 , a - c ] . female : a , p2 ; b , p3 ; c , p4 . scale bar in micrometers .\nissued from : j . h . wi , y . h . yoon & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2009 , 44 ( 2 ) . [ p . 108 , fig . 9 , d - j ] . male : d - e , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; f , a2 ; g , mxp ; h , endopodite 3 of p2 ; i , endopodite 3 of p3 ; j , p6 ( represented by posterolateral flap closing off genital aperture on each side ) . scale bars in micrometers .\nissued from : c . razouls in vie milieu , 1974 b ( p . , figs . m ) male from banyuls , g . of lion ) : a , urosome ( dorsal ) ; b , a1 ; c , mxp ; d , a2 ( setae on distal segment missing ) ; e , p4 ; f , distal expansion on genital segment ) .\nissued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 37 , fig . 16 ] . female : a , habitus ( dorsal ) [ r ] ; b , right a1 [ s ] ; c , right a2 [ z ] ; d , labrum ( ventral ) [ t ] ; e , right md [ u ] ; f , left mx1 [ u ] ; g , left mx2 [ z ] ; h , right mxp [ z ] ; i , p1 [ z ] ; j , p2 [ z ] ; k , p3 [ z ] . scales in p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets . nota : a double scallop pattern of sclerotisation between gonopores , located at posterior margin of anterior third of genital segment . p6 probably represented by spiniform setule on external genital area . caudal ramus length about double that of width .\nissued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 38 , fig . 17 , a - i ] . female : a , p4 [ z ] ; b , segment of p5 [ z ] . male ( from bay of naples ) : c - d , habitus ( lateral and dorsal , respectively ) [ r ] ; e , 3rd segment of left a2 [ t ] ; f , right mxp [ z ] ; g , 3rd endopodal segment of p2 [ z ] ; h , 3rd endopodal segment of p3 [ z ] ; i , 3rd endopodal segment of p4 [ z ] . scales in p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets . nota : p5 with small free segment ; 2 terminal setae , the outer 2 / 3 the length of inner seta ; seta on body near leg .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 . atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 29 , 30 ] . as onc\u00e4a media . female : 29 , endopodal segment 3 of p3 ; 30 , endopodal segment 3 of p2 .\nissued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . \u2013 fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 . atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 1 ] . as onc\u00e4a media . female : 1 , habitus ( dorsal ) .\nissued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst . memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 35 , fig . 15 , k ] . female ( from gulf of naples ) : k , habitus ( lateral ) [ r ] scale bars : see p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets .\nissued from : o . tanaka in spec . publs . seto mar . biol . lab . , 10 , 1960 [ pl . xxxi , 4 - 6 ] . female ( from south china sea and indian ocean ) : 4 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 5 , p4 ; 6 , p4 ( forma major ) . nota : the prsent females ranged in size from 0 . 55 mm to 0 . 79 mm prosome and urosome in the proportional lengths 63 to 37 . proportional lengths of the urosomal segments and caudal rami 10 : 54 : 4 : 7 : 8 : 16 = 100 . caudal rami 2 / 6 times as long as broad . the distal abdominal segments are of yellowish brown colour .\nissued from : o . tanaka in spec . publs . seto mar . biol . lab . , 10 , 1960 [ pl . xxxi , 7 - 9 ] . male : 7 , abdomen ( dorsal ( specimen from 0 . 74 mm ) ; 8 , same ( specimen from 0 . 56 mm ) ; 9 , same ( specimen from 0 . 93 mm ) . length 0 . 51 - 0 . 60 and 0 . 70 - 0 . 93 mm . the males varies greatly in size . proportional lengths of the urosomal segments and caudal rami are two types : large form : 11 : 62 : 5 : 3 : 3 : 5 : 11 = 100 small form : 12 : 62 : 5 : 2 : 2 : 5 : 12 = 100 . caudal rami about 2 . 6 times as long as broad . remarks : in the present material the small form is much inferior in number ; these two forms differ only in size , and there is no structural difference .\nissued from : a . v . kovalev in gidrobiol . zh . , 1970 , 6 ( 5 ) . [ p . 92 , table 1 ] . relation between the body length of females and number of eggs . a : species ; b : number of females ; c : length of females in mm ; d : number of eggs in relation to the lengths of females .\ncosmopolite ( tropical , sub - tropical ) ; ? antarct . ( ross is . : in farran , 1929 ) , south africa ( off cape of good hope , e & w ) , angola ( baia farta ) , g . of guinea , ivorian shelf , off morocco - mauritania , cap ghir , portugal , brazil ( s , off rio de janeiro , cabo frio , vitoria bay , off vitoria - cabo de sao tom\u00e9 , guarau estuary , off natal ) , caribbean colombia , bahia de mochima ( venezuela ) , sargasso sea , off bermuda ( station\ns\n) , delaware bay ( outside ) , off e nova scotia , north sea , nw spain , off w tangier , medit . ( m ' diq , alboran sea , baleares , gulf of annaba , g . of gabes , genova , gulf of taranto , taranto harbour , s adriatic sea ( vlora bay ) , w - e basins , w egyptian coast , lebanon basin , thracian sea , marmara sea , black sea ) , suez canal , g . of aqaba , n - s red sea , gulf of oman , g . of aden , arabian gulf , uae coast , arabian sea , karachi coast , laqccadive is . , maldive is . , sri lanka , madagascar ( nosy b\u00e9 ) , seychelles , indian , gulf of mannar , palk bay , bay of bengal , straits of malacca , g . of thailand , indo - malaysia , sulu sea , china seas ( yellow sea , east china sea , south china sea ) , taiwan strait , taiwan ( e , s , sw , w , n , nw , ne ) , korea ( e , s ) , s japan sea , nagasaki , japan , kuchinoerabu is . , ariake bay , tokyo bay , seto inland sea , kuroshio & oyashio regions , oregon ( off newport ) , california , baja california ( bahia magdalena ) ; gulf of california , bahia de los angeles , g . of tehuantepec , clipperton is . , bahia cupica ( colombia ) , galapagos - ecuador , chile ( n , off santiago , concepcion ) , pacif . ( w equatorial ) , australia ( north west cape , g . of carpentaria , se , great barrier ) , new caledonia , tasman sea , n new zealand , georgia strait ( goat is . )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nauthor of the drawing is ernst haeckel . original uploader was pabouk at en . wikipedia . ( different older version was uploaded by boston at en . wikipedia . )\nmaggie whitson marked\nfile : haeckel copepoda . jpg\nas trusted on the\nsapphirina darwinii\npage .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nprosome 2 . 5 times length of urosome ( excluding caudal rami ) , 2 . 2 times urosome length ( including caudal rami )\ncaudal rami about 1 . 6 times longer than wide ( shorter than female )\nprosome 2 . 8 times length of urosome ( excluding caudal rami ) 2 . 4 times urosome length including caudal rami\ngenital double - somite 1 . 5 times as long as maximum width & 2 . 5 times as long as postgenital somites combined ; almost square - shaped genital somite , stockier & broader\ndistinguish between female o . media by proportional lengths of urosome somites ( more elongated genital somite in o . media - genital somite is 2 times as long as the rest of urosome )\nform and location of sclerotization between genital apertures ( in urltoken genital openings are closer to top 1 / 3 from the top while in o . scottodicarloi genital openings are almost \u00bd way from the top of genital somite )\nheron , g . a . and j . m . bradford - grieve ( 1995 ) .\nthe marine faunaof new zealand : pelagic copepoda : poecilostomatoida : oncaeidae .\nnew zealand oceanographic institute memoir 104 .\nwe use cookies to enhance your experience on our website . by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our use of cookies . you can change your cookie settings at any time .\nyou could not be signed in . please check your email address / username and password and try again .\nmost users should sign in with their email address . if you originally registered with a username please use that to sign in .\nto purchase short term access , please sign in to your oxford academic account above .\noxford university press is a department of the university of oxford . it furthers the university ' s objective of excellence in research , scholarship , and education by publishing worldwide\nfor full access to this pdf , sign in to an existing account , or purchase an annual subscription ."]}
{"id": 204, "summary": [{"text": "chalcopsitta is a genus of parrot in the family psittaculidae and the subfamily loriinae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "all three species are found on the islands of and around new guinea and the solomon islands .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "the name chalcopsitta is derived from the greek khalkos meaning \" bronze \" and psitta meaning \" parrot \" . ", "topic": 25}], "title": "chalcopsitta", "paragraphs": ["chalcopsitta scintillata ( temminck ) 1835 pl . col . livr . 96 pl . 569\nchalcopsitta scintillata scintillata ( temminck ) 1835 pl . col . livr . 96 pl . 569\nchalcopsitta atra ( scopoli ) 1786 del . flor . faun . insubr . 2 p . 87\nchalcopsitta atra bernsteini rosenberg , hkb 1861 j . orn . 9 no . 49 p . 46\nchalcopsitta scintillata rubrifrons gray , gr 1858 pzs pt26 no . 358 p . 182 pl . 135\nchalcopsitta atra atra ( scopoli ) 1786 del . flor . faun . insubr . 2 p . 87\nchalcopsitta scintillata chloroptera salvadori 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 9 p . 15\nwe start with genus chalcopsitta which is , among loribreeders , very popular and counts three to four species according to used taxonomic pattern . chalcopsitta species differ significantly from other lories in coloration but also ecology and ethology .\nchalcopsitta atra insignis oustalet 1878 bull . hebdo . assoc . sci . france 21 no . 533 p . 247\npeters checklist 3 : 143 notes that chalcopsittacus is an emendation by salvadori and sharpe of chalcopsitta bonaparte . thus peters does not place taxa descr . in chalcopsittacus but now held in chalcopsitta in parentheses . ( duivenbodei and syringanuchalis ) .\ncharacterization of all chalcopsitta lories : yellow - streaked lory , duyvenbodei lory , black lory and cardinal lory . part ii\nchalcopsitta duivenbodei dubois 1884 bull . mus . r . hist . nat . belg . 3 p . 113 pl . 5 nomenclature\nduyvenbodei lory ( chalcopsitta duyvenbodei ) . this file is licensed under the creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 unported license .\nblack lory ( chalcopsitta atra atra ) ( c ) crisco 1492 . this file is licensed under the creative commons attribution - share alike 4 . 0 international license .\nchalcopsitta lories can start reproducing at the age of three years however this trait is individual . hubers reports a female of the yellow - streaked lory which laid eggs at the age of 20 months .\nthe black lory ( chalcopsitta atra ) also known as rajah lory or red - quilled lory is a medium - sized , blackish parrot with black bill , dark grey feet and long rounded tail . it has yellow and red under - tail . both sexes are similar .\nanother common issue in breeding of chalcopsitta lories is imprinting . normally , lories are not difficult to socialize and they become independent easy after the hand feeding period . however , if we spend too much time with some young chalcopsitta species and we don\u2019t socialize them properly then they can lose its natural behavioral patterns and get imprinted . such birds are still begging for food when the breeder approaches their cage even if they are adult . on the other hand , i don\u2019t think that the imprinting in these birds would be so strong to affect their ability to reproduce .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : chalcopsitta cardinalis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : chalcopsitta atra . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nof the recent sources available to me it appears that hbw 4 : 341 ( collar . 1997 ) started the interpretation of not accepting chalcopsittacus as an emendation of chalcopsitta and thus putting the authority in parentheses . this then seems to have been followed , or should i say parroted , by h & m 3 rd : 184 ( 2003 ) .\ncollar , n . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . cardinal lory ( chalcopsitta cardinalis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\nthese birds were named chalcopsitta because of their unique coloration which is a result of unique structural pigments found in their feathers . \u201ckhalkos\u201d means bronze , \u201cpsitta\u201d parrot . we can observe the similar coloration pattern in starlings . when you look at the bad quality photo of the black lory you might say \u2013 it is just an ugly black parrot ! however , when you see the same bird under the sunshine it\u2019s obvious that it has more than one color .\ncollar , n . , kirwan , g . m . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . black lory ( chalcopsitta atra ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\ndespite the fact that these birds are nectarivorous , they have long lifespan . rosemary low reports a breeding male from her collection which was older than 25 years and still breeding . she also believes that lories fed with commercial nectars can\u2019t live longer than ten years . in general , chalcopsitta parrots are sensitive to hemochromatosis ( a disorder in which iron is deposited in the tissues , leading to liver damage ) . that\u2019s why the diet should not contain large amount of vitamin c which supports iron absorption .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nstrigops ( f . ) gray , gr 1845 gen . birds 2 p . 426 pl . cv\nstrigops habroptila gray , gr 1845 gen . birds 2 p . 427 pl . cv\nnestor meridionalis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 333\nnestor meridionalis meridionalis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 333\nnestor meridionalis septentrionalis lorenz von liburnau , l 1896 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 46 p . 198\nnymphicus hollandicus ( kerr ) 1792 anim . kingd . [ kerr ] 1 pt2 p . 580\ncalyptorhynchus banksii banksii ( latham ) 1790 indexorn . 1 p . 107 concept nomenclature\ncalyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne schodde , saunders , da & homberger 1989 canberrabirdnotes 13 p . 120\ncalyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus gould 1843 pzs [\n1842\n] pt10 no . 117 p . 138\ncalyptorhynchus banksii naso gould 1837 pzs [\n1836\n] pt4 no . 46 p . 106\ncalyptorhynchus banksii samueli mathews 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 120\ncalyptorhynchus lathami ( temminck ) 1807 cat . syst . cab . orn . quad . p . 21\ncalyptorhynchus lathami erebus schodde & mason , ij 1993 emu 93 p . 156 - 166\ncalyptorhynchus lathami lathami ( temminck ) 1807 cat . syst . cab . orn . quad . p . 21\ncalyptorhynchus funereus ( shaw ) 1794 nat . misc . 6 pl . 186 , text\ncalyptorhynchus funereus funereus ( shaw ) 1794 nat . misc . 6 pl . 186 , text\ncalyptorhynchus funereus whiteae mathews 1912 australav . rec . 1 no . 2 p . 35\ncalyptorhynchus funereus xanthanotus gould 1838 syn . birdsaustr . pt4 app . p . 4\ncalyptorhynchus baudinii lear 1832 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt12 pl . 6\ncalyptorhynchus latirostris carnaby 1948 w . austral . nat . 1 p . 136 - 138\nprobosciger aterrimus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330\nprobosciger aterrimus aterrimus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330\nprobosciger aterrimus goliath ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 92\nprobosciger aterrimus macgillivrayi ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 261\ncallocephalon ( n . ) lesson 1837 j . navig . thet . esperance [ bougainville ] 2 p . 311 atlas pl . 39 , 40\ncallocephalon fimbriatum ( grant , j ) 1803 narr . voy . disc . news . wales pl . opp . p . 135\neolophus roseicapilla ( vieillot ) 1817 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 17 p . 12 nomenclature\neolophus roseicapilla kuhli ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 266\neolophus roseicapilla roseicapilla ( vieillot ) 1817 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 17 p . 12 nomenclature\nlophochroa leadbeateri ( vigors ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 6 p . 61 concept\nlophochroa leadbeateri leadbeateri ( vigors ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 6 p . 61 concept\nlophochroa leadbeateri mollis ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 265\ncacatua tenuirostris ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 88\ncacatua pastinator ( gould ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 95 p . 175\ncacatua pastinator derbyi ( mathews ) 1916 australav . rec . 3 p . 57\ncacatua pastinator pastinator ( gould ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 95 p . 175\ncacatua sanguinea gould 1843 pzs [\n1842\n] pt10 no . 117 p . 138\ncacatua sanguinea gymnopis sclater , pl 1871 pzs pt2 p . 490 , 493 , textfig .\ncacatua sanguinea normantoni ( mathews ) 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 211\ncacatua sanguinea sanguinea gould 1843 pzs [\n1842\n] pt10 no . 117 p . 138\ncacatua sanguinea westralensis ( mathews ) 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 211\ncacatua goffiniana roselaar , cs & michels 2004 zool . verh . leiden 350 p . 186 nomenclature\ncacatua ducorpsii pucheran 1853 voy . polesudzool . 3 mamm . ois . p . 108 nomenclature\ncacatua galerita eleonora finsch 1863 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 1 p . xxi nomenclature\ncacatua galerita fitzroyi ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 264\ncacatua galerita triton temminck 1849 coup - d ' oeilposs . neerland . 3 p . 405 , note\ncacatua sulphurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330\ncacatua sulphurea abbotti ( oberholser ) 1917 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 54 no . 2232 p . 181\ncacatua sulphurea citrinocristata ( fraser ) 1844 pzs pt12 no . 132 p . 38\ncacatua sulphurea parvula ( bonaparte ) 1850 compt . rend . 30 p . 139\ncacatua sulphurea sulphurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330\ncacatua moluccensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 331\npoicephalus gulielmi ( jardine ) 1849 contrib . orn . [ jardine ] p .\n64 - 14\npl . 28\npoicephalus gulielmi gulielmi ( jardine ) 1849 contrib . orn . [ jardine ] p .\n64 - 14\npl . 28\npoicephalus gulielmi massaicus fischer & reichenow 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 165 p . 179 nomenclature\npoicephalus flavifrons ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 126\npoicephalus fuscicollis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 93 systematics\npoicephalus fuscicollis fuscicollis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 93\npoicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus reichenow 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 2 p . 314\npoicephalus robustus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 344\npoicephalus meyeri ( cretzschmar ) 1827 atlasreis . nord . afr . vog . [ ruppell ] [\n1826\n] p . 18 pl . 11\npoicephalus meyeri damarensis neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501\npoicephalus meyeri matschiei neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501\npoicephalus meyeri meyeri ( cretzschmar ) 1827 atlasreis . nord . afr . vog . [ ruppell ] [\n1826\n] p . 18 pl . 11\npoicephalus meyeri reichenowi neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501\npoicephalus meyeri transvaalensis neumann 1899 orn . monatsb . 7 no . 2 p . 25\npoicephalus rueppellii ( gray , gr ) 1849 pzs [\n1848\n] pt16 no . 188 p . 125 pl . 5\npoicephalus cryptoxanthus ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371\npoicephalus cryptoxanthus cryptoxanthus ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371\npoicephalus cryptoxanthus tanganyikae bowen 1930 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 82 p . 267\npoicephalus crassus ( sharpe ) 1884 j . linn . soc . londonzool . 17 p . 429\npoicephalus senegalus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149\npoicephalus senegalus senegalus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149\npoicephalus senegalus versteri finsch 1863 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 1 p . xvi\npoicephalus rufiventris ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 125\npoicephalus rufiventris rufiventris ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 125\ntouit ( m . ) gray , gr 1855 cat . gen . subgen . birds p . 89 nomenclature\ntouit huetii ( temminck ) 1830 pl . col . livr . 83 pl . 491\ntouit costaricensis ( cory ) 1913 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 283\ntouit dilectissimus ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1871 pzs [\n1870\n] pt3 p . 788 pl . 47 nomenclature\ntouit purpuratus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 350 nomenclature\ntouit purpuratus purpuratus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 350 nomenclature\ntouit purpuratus viridiceps chapman 1929 am . mus . novit . no . 380 p . 10\ntouit melanonotus ( wied - neuwied ) 1820 reisebrasil . 1 p . 275 nomenclature\ntouit surdus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 59 nomenclature\ntouit stictopterus ( sclater , pl ) 1862 pzs pt1 p . 112 pl . 11 nomenclature\npsilopsiagon aymara ( orbigny ) 1839 voy . am . merid . 2 p . 376 , note1\npsilopsiagon aurifrons ( lesson ) 1830 cent . zool . p . 63 pl . 18\npsilopsiagon aurifrons aurifrons ( lesson ) 1830 cent . zool . p . 63 pl . 18\npsilopsiagon aurifrons margaritae ( berlioz & dorst ) 1956 ois . rev . franceorn . ( n . s . ) 26 p . 85\npsilopsiagon aurifrons robertsi carriker 1933 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 85 p . 4\npsilopsiagon aurifrons rubrirostris ( burmeister ) 1860 j . orn . 8 no . 46 p . 243\nbolborhynchus lineola ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372\nbolborhynchus lineola lineola ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372\nbolborhynchus lineola tigrinus ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 144\nbolborhynchus orbygnesius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 63 , 64 nomenclature\nnannopsittaca panychlora ( salvin & godman ) 1883 ibis p . 211 pl . 9 fig . 1\nnannopsittaca dachilleae o ' neill , munn & franke 1991 auk 108 p . 225 , 226\nmyiopsitta monachus calita ( jardine & selby ) 1830 ill . orn . 2 pt6 pl . 82 , text [ p . 61 ]\nmyiopsitta monachus cotorra ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 362\nbrotogeris sanctithomae sanctithomae ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 81\nbrotogeris sanctithomae takatsukasae neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 442\nbrotogeris tirica ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 351\nbrotogeris chiriri ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 359\nbrotogeris chiriri behni neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 443\nbrotogeris chiriri chiriri ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 359\nbrotogeris pyrrhoptera ( latham ) 1802 suppl . ind . orn . p . xxii\nbrotogeris jugularis exsul todd 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 129\nbrotogeris jugularis jugularis ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 80\nbrotogeris cyanoptera ( pelzeln ) 1870 orn . brasil . abth . 3 p . 260 citation\nbrotogeris cyanoptera beniensis gyldenstolpe 1941 ark . zool . 33a no . 12 p . 9\nbrotogeris cyanoptera cyanoptera ( pelzeln ) 1870 orn . brasil . abth . 3 p . 260 citation\nbrotogeris chrysoptera ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149\nbrotogeris chrysoptera chrysoptera ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149\nbrotogeris chrysoptera solimoensis gyldenstolpe 1941 ark . zool . 33a no . 12 p . 10\nbrotogeris chrysoptera tenuifrons friedmann 1945 proc . biol . soc . wash . 58 p . 114\nbrotogeris chrysoptera tuipara ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 348\ntriclaria malachitacea ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 40 pl . 28\npyrilia haematotis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1860 pzs pt ( 28 ) 2 p . 300\npyrilia haematotis coccinicollaris ( lawrence ) 1862 ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 7 p . 475\npyrilia haematotis haematotis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1860 pzs pt ( 28 ) 2 p . 300\npyrilia pyrilia ( bonaparte ) 1853 compt . rend . 37 p . 807 , note\npyrilia pulchra ( berlepsch ) 1897 orn . monatsb . 5 no . 11 p . 175\npyrilia barrabandi ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 61\npyrilia barrabandi aurantiigena ( gyldenstolpe ) 1951 ark . zool . ( 2 ) 2 p . 14 , 67\npyrilia barrabandi barrabandi ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 61\npyrilia caica ( latham ) 1790 indexorn . 1 p . 128 no . 137\npyrilia aurantiocephala ( gaban - lima , r , raposo , ma & hofling , e ) 2002 auk 119 p . 815 , 816 systematics\npyrilia vulturina ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 62 systematics\nhapalopsittaca amazonina ( des murs ) 1845 rev . zool . 8 p . 207\nhapalopsittaca amazonina amazonina ( des murs ) 1845 rev . zool . 8 p . 207\nhapalopsittaca amazonina theresae ( hellmayr ) 1915 verh . orn . ges . bayern 12 heft3 p . 214\nhapalopsittaca amazonina velezi graves , gr & restrepo 1989 wilsonbull . 101 no . 3 p . 369 - 376 , front .\nhapalopsittaca fuertesi ( chapman ) 1912 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 31 p . 143\nhapalopsittaca melanotis melanotis ( lafresnaye ) 1847 rev . zool . 10 p . 67\nhapalopsittaca melanotis peruviana ( carriker ) 1932 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 83 [\n1931\n] p . 455\npionus sordidus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\npionus sordidus antelius todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 338\npionus sordidus corallinus bonaparte 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 148\npionus sordidus mindoensis chapman 1925 am . mus . novit . no . 187 p . 1\npionus sordidus ponsi aveledo & gines 1950 mem . soc . cien . nat . lasalle 10 no . 26 p . 60\npionus sordidus saturatus todd 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 81\npionus sordidus sordidus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\npionus maximiliani ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72\npionus maximiliani lacerus heine 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 166 p . 265\npionus maximiliani maximiliani ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72\npionus maximiliani melanoblepharus ribeiro 1920 rev . mus . paulista 12 pt2 p . 61\npionus maximiliani siy souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 155\npionus seniloides ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73\npionus menstruus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 148\npionus menstruus menstruus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 148\npionus menstruus reichenowi heine 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 166 p . 264 nomenclature\npionus menstruus rubrigularis cabanis 1881 j . orn . 29 no . 154 p . 222\npionus senilis ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 42 pl . 31 fig . 1\npionus chalcopterus ( fraser ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 90 p . 59\ngraydidascalus brachyurus ( temminck & kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72\nalipiopsitta ( f . ) capparoz , r & pacheco 2006 rev . brasil . orn . 14 no . 2 p . 174\nalipiopsitta xanthops ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 39 pl . 26\namazona festiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101\namazona festiva bodini ( finsch ) 1873 pzs pt2 p . 569 pl . 49\namazona festiva festiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101\namazona vinacea ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 77\namazona tucumana ( cabanis ) 1885 j . orn . 33 no . 170 p . 221\namazona pretrei ( temminck ) 1830 pl . col . livr . 83 pl . 492\namazona agilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\namazona albifrons ( sparrman ) 1788 mus . carls . fasc . 3 no . 52 pl . 52\namazona albifrons albifrons ( sparrman ) 1788 mus . carls . fasc . 3 no . 52 pl . 52\namazona albifrons nana miller , w 1905 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 21 p . 349\namazona albifrons saltuensis nelson 1899 proc . biol . soc . wash . 13 p . 26\namazona collaria ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\namazona leucocephala ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100\namazona leucocephala bahamensis ( bryant , h ) 1867 proc . bostonsoc . nat . hist . 11 p . 65\namazona leucocephala hesterna bangs 1916 bull . mus . comp . zool . 60 p . 308\namazona leucocephala leucocephala ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100\namazona vittata gracilipes\u2020 ridgway 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106\namazona autumnalis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\namazona autumnalis autumnalis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\namazona autumnalis lilacina lesson 1844 echomondesav . ( 2 ) 11 no . 30 col . 394 concept\namazona autumnalis salvini ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 271 , 300 pl . 7 fig . 3 citation\namazona diadema ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 43 pl . 32\namazona viridigenalis ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 371\namazona xantholora ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 83\namazona dufresniana ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 513\namazona oratrix belizensis monroe , bl jr & howell , tr 1966 occ . pap . mus . zool . lsu no . 34 p . 18\namazona oratrix oratrix ridgway 1887 man . n . am . birds p . 587\namazona auropalliata ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135\namazona auropalliata auropalliata ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135\namazona auropalliata parvipes monroe , bl jr & howell , tr 1966 occ . pap . mus . zool . lsu no . 34 p . 8\namazona ochrocephala ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339 concept\namazona ochrocephala nattereri ( finsch ) 1865 j . orn . 12 [\n1864\n] no . 72 p . 411 citation\namazona ochrocephala ochrocephala ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339 concept\namazona ochrocephala panamensis ( cabanis ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 127 p . 349\namazona barbadensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339\namazona aestiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101\namazona aestiva aestiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101\namazona aestiva xanthopteryx ( berlepsch ) 1896 orn . monatsb . 4 no . 11 p . 173\namazona mercenarius ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 303 nomenclature\namazona mercenarius canipalliata ( cabanis ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 125 p . 105\namazona mercenarius mercenarius ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 303\namazona guatemalae virenticeps ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 269 , 280 citation\namazona kawalli grantsau & camargo 1989 rev . brasil . biol . 49 p . 1018 concept\namazona brasiliensis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\namazona amazonica ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 147\namazona guildingii ( vigors ) 1837 pzs [\n1836\n] pt4 no . 45 p . 80\nforpus ( m . ) boie , f 1858 j . orn . 6 no . 35 p . 363\nforpus modestus ( cabanis ) 1849 reisenbrit . - guiana [ schomburgk ] 3 p . 727 nomenclature\nforpus modestus modestus ( cabanis ) 1849 reisenbrit . - guiana [ schomburgk ] 3 p . 727 nomenclature\nforpus modestus sclateri ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 86\nforpus cyanopygius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157\nforpus cyanopygius cyanopygius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157\nforpus cyanopygius insularis ( ridgway ) 1888 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 10 p . 541\nforpus passerinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 103\nforpus passerinus cyanochlorus ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 31 concept\nforpus passerinus cyanophanes ( todd ) 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 81\nforpus passerinus deliciosus ( ridgway ) 1888 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 10 p . 533 , 545\nforpus passerinus passerinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 103\nforpus passerinus viridissimus ( lafresnaye ) 1848 rev . zool . 11 p . 172\nforpus spengeli ( hartlaub ) 1885 pzs pt3 no . 40 p . 614 pl . 38 fig . 1 nomenclature\nforpus xanthopterygius ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 38 pl . 34 fig . 1 nomenclature\nforpus xanthopterygius flavescens ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 241 , 248 citation\nforpus xanthopterygius flavissimus hellmayr 1929 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . zool . ser . 12 p . 446\nforpus xanthopterygius xanthopterygius ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 38 pl . 34 fig . 1\nforpus conspicillatus caucae ( chapman ) 1915 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 34 p . 383\nforpus conspicillatus conspicillatus ( lafresnaye ) 1848 rev . zool . 11 p . 172\nforpus conspicillatus metae borrero & hernandez - camacho 1961 noved . colomb . 1 no . 6 p . 431\nforpus xanthops ( salvin ) 1895 novit . zool . 2 p . 19 pl . 2 fig . 2\npionites ( m . ) heine 1890 nomen . mus . heine . orn . [ heine & reichenow ] p . 231\npionites melanocephalus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\npionites melanocephalus melanocephalus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\npionites melanocephalus pallidus ( berlepsch ) 1890 j . orn . 37 [\n1889\n] no . 187 p . 317 citation\npionites leucogaster ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 70\npionites leucogaster leucogaster ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 70\npionites leucogaster xanthomerius ( sclater , pl ) 1858 pzs [\n1857\n] pt25 no . 343 p . 266\npionites leucogaster xanthurus todd 1925 proc . biol . soc . wash . 38 p . 113\nderoptyus accipitrinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\nderoptyus accipitrinus accipitrinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\npyrrhura ( f . ) bonaparte 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1 genus . 14\npyrrhura cruentata ( wied - neuwied ) 1820 reisebrasil . 1 p . 53 , 72\npyrrhura devillei ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73\npyrrhura frontalis ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 361\npyrrhura frontalis chiripepe ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 361\npyrrhura frontalis frontalis ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 361\npyrrhura lepida ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 642 concept\npyrrhura lepida anerythra neumann 1927 orn . monatsb . 35 no . 3 p . 89\npyrrhura lepida coerulescens neumann 1927 orn . monatsb . 35 no . 3 p . 89\npyrrhura lepida lepida ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 642 concept\npyrrhura perlata ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 35 pl . 20 concept\npyrrhura molinae ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73\npyrrhura molinae australis todd 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 82 citation\npyrrhura molinae flavoptera maijer , herzog , kessler , friggens & fjeldsa 1998 orn . neotrop . 9 p . 186\npyrrhura molinae hypoxantha ( salvadori & festa ) 1899 boll . mus . zool . anat . comp . torino\n15\n[ = 14 ] no . 363 p . 1 nomenclature\npyrrhura molinae molinae ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73\npyrrhura molinae phoenicura ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 26 concept\npyrrhura molinae restricta todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 333\npyrrhura leucotis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 21 nomenclature\npyrrhura picta caeruleiceps todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 337\npyrrhura picta picta ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75\npyrrhura picta subandina todd 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 6\npyrrhura emma salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 212 , 217 pl . 1 citation\npyrrhura amazonum lucida arndt 2008 papageien [ arndt ] 21 p . 278 , 279\npyrrhura amazonum snethlageae joseph & bates , jm 2002 orn . neotrop . 13 p . 354\npyrrhura lucianii ( deville ) 1851 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 3 p . 211\npyrrhura roseifrons ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 42\npyrrhura roseifrons roseifrons ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 42\npyrrhura roseifrons peruviana hocking , blake & joseph 2002 orn . neotrop . 13 p . 356\npyrrhura viridicata todd 1913 proc . biol . soc . wash . 26 p . 174\npyrrhura egregia ( sclater , pl ) 1881 ibis p . 130 pl . 4\npyrrhura egregia egregia ( sclater , pl ) 1881 ibis p . 130 pl . 4\npyrrhura egregia obscura zimmer & phelps , wh 1946 am . mus . novit . no . 1312 p . 1\npyrrhura melanura ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 36 pl . 22\npyrrhura melanura berlepschi salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 212 , 224 pl . 2 fig . 1 citation\npyrrhura melanura chapmani bond & meyer de schauensee 1940 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 92 p . 156\npyrrhura melanura melanura ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 36 pl . 22\npyrrhura melanura pacifica chapman 1915 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 34 p . 382\npyrrhura melanura souancei ( verreaux , j ) 1858 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 10 p . 437 pl . 12\npyrrhura orcesi ridgely & robbins 1988 wilsonbull . 100 no . 2 p . 174 , 175\npyrrhura albipectus chapman 1914 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 33 p . 319\npyrrhura rupicola rupicola ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 304\npyrrhura rupicola sandiae bond & meyer de schauensee 1944 not . nat . no . 138 p . 1\npyrrhura calliptera ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 72\npyrrhura hoematotis souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97\npyrrhura hoematotis hoematotis souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97\npyrrhura hoematotis immarginata zimmer & phelps 1944 am . mus . novit . no . 1270 p . 4\npyrrhura rhodocephala ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1871 pzs [\n1870\n] pt3 p . 787\npyrrhura hoffmanni ( cabanis ) 1861 sitz . ges . nat . freundeberlin [ no p . ]\npyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens bangs 1906 proc . biol . soc . wash . 19 p . 103\npyrrhura hoffmanni hoffmanni ( cabanis ) 1861 sitz . ges . nat . freundeberlin [ no p . ]\nenicognathus ( m . ) gray , gr 1840 listgen . birds p . 51\nenicognathus ferrugineus ferrugineus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75\nenicognathus ferrugineus minor ( chapman ) 1919 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 41 p . 323\nenicognathus leptorhynchus ( king ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 1 p . 14 concept\ncyanoliseus patagonus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 367\ncyanoliseus patagonus andinus dabbene & lillo 1913 an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenosaires 24 p . 188 pl . 10\ncyanoliseus patagonus patagonus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 367\nanodorhynchus leari bonaparte 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1\nanodorhynchus glaucus\u2020 ( vieillot ) 1816 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 2 p . 259\nrhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha ( swainson ) 1827 philos . mag . n . s . 1 p . 439\nrhynchopsitta terrisi moore , rt 1947 proc . biol . soc . wash . 60 p . 27\neupsittula nana astec ( souance ) 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97\neupsittula nana nana ( vigors ) 1830 zool . j . 5 p . 273\neupsittula nana vicinalis bangs & penard , te 1919 bull . mus . comp . zool . 63 p . 24\neupsittula canicularis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula canicularis canicularis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula canicularis clarae ( moore , rt ) 1937 proc . biol . soc . wash . 50 p . 101\neupsittula canicularis eburnirostrum ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135\neupsittula aurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 329\neupsittula pertinax ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula pertinax aeruginosa ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula pertinax chrysogenys ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 72\neupsittula pertinax griseipecta ( meyer de schauensee ) 1950 not . nat . no . 221 p . 6\neupsittula pertinax lehmanni ( dugand ) 1943 caldasia 2 no . 7 p . 191\neupsittula pertinax margaritensis cory 1918 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . zool . ser . 13 pub . 197 p . 63\neupsittula pertinax ocularis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1865 pzs [\n1864\n] pt3 p . 367 citation\neupsittula pertinax paraensis ( sick ) 1959 j . orn . 100 p . 413\neupsittula pertinax pertinax ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula pertinax surinama ( zimmer & phelps , wh ) 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1511 p . 1\neupsittula pertinax tortugensis ( cory ) 1909 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 220\neupsittula pertinax venezuelae ( zimmer & phelps , wh ) 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1511 p . 6\neupsittula pertinax xanthogenia ( bonaparte ) 1850 consp . gen . av . 1 p . 1\neupsittula cactorum ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 82\neupsittula cactorum cactorum ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 82\neupsittula cactorum caixana ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 34 pl . 19 fig . 1\nconuropsis carolinensis\u2020 ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97 status\nconuropsis\u2020 carolinensis carolinensis\u2020 ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\nconuropsis\u2020 carolinensis ludoviciana\u2020 ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 347\naratinga weddellii ( deville ) 1851 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 3 p . 209\naratinga nenday ( vieillot ) 1823 tabl . encyc . meth . orn . 3 livr . 93 p . 1400\naratinga solstitialis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\naratinga maculata ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 74 nomenclature\naratinga jandaya ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 319\naratinga auricapillus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 20 nomenclature\naratinga auricapillus auricapillus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 20 nomenclature\naratinga auricapillus aurifrons spix 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 32 pl . 16 fig . 1\ncyanopsitta spixii ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 675\nprimolius couloni ( sclater , pl ) 1876 pzs pt1 p . 255 , fig .\nprimolius auricollis ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372\nprimolius maracana ( vieillot ) 1816 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 2 p . 260\nara ararauna ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96\nara militaris ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 139\nara militaris mexicanus ridgway 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106\nara militaris militaris ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 139\nara ambiguus ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 65\nara ambiguus ambiguus ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 65\nara ambiguus guayaquilensis chapman 1925 am . mus . novit . no . 205 p . 2\nara macao ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96\nara macao cyanopterus wiedenfeld 1995 orn . neotrop . 5 [\n1994\n] no . 2 p . 99 citation\nara macao macao ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96\nara chloropterus gray , gr 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 26 nomenclature\nara tricolor\u2020 ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 64 pl . 1 nomenclature\nara severus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\nleptosittaca ( f . ) berlepsch & stolzmann 1894 ibis p . 402 pl . 11\nognorhynchus icterotis ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 71\nguaruba guarouba ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 320 citation\ndiopsittaca nobilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\ndiopsittaca nobilis cumanensis ( lichtenstein ) 1823 verz . doubl . zool . mus . berlin p . 6\ndiopsittaca nobilis longipennis neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 441 citation\ndiopsittaca nobilis nobilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\nthectocercus acuticaudatus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 369\nthectocercus acuticaudatus acuticaudatus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 369\nthectocercus acuticaudatus haemorrhous ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 29 pl . 13\nthectocercus acuticaudatus neoxenus ( cory ) 1909 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 243\nthectocercus acuticaudatus neumanni ( blake & traylor ) 1947 fieldianazool . 31 no . 21 p . 166\npsittacara holochlorus ( sclater , pl ) 1859 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 4 p . 224\npsittacara holochlorus brewsteri ( nelson ) 1928 proc . biol . soc . wash . 41 p . 154\npsittacara holochlorus holochlorus ( sclater , pl ) 1859 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 4 p . 224\npsittacara brevipes ( lawrence ) 1871 ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 [\n1874\n] p . 14\npsittacara rubritorquis ( sclater , pl ) 1887 pzs [\n1886\n] pt4 no . 35 p . 539 pl . 56\npsittacara strenuus ( ridgway ) 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106\npsittacara wagleri ( gray , gr ) 1845 gen . birds 2 pl . cii\npsittacara wagleri transilis ( peters , jl ) 1927 proc . newengl . zool . cl . 9 p . 111\npsittacara wagleri wagleri ( gray , gr ) 1845 gen . birds 2 pl . cii\npsittacara frontatus ( cabanis ) 1846 faunaperuana [ tschudi ] orn . p . 272 , note\npsittacara frontatus frontatus ( cabanis ) 1846 faunaperuana [ tschudi ] orn . p . 272 , note\npsittacara frontatus minor ( carriker ) 1933 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 85 p . 3\npsittacara mitratus chlorogenys ( arndt ) 2006 j . orn . 147 p . 74\npsittacara mitratus mitratus ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 304\npsittacara mitratus tucumanus ( arndt ) 2006 j . orn . 147 p . 77\npsittacara erythrogenys lesson 1844 echomondesav . ( 2 ) 11 no . 34 col . 486 , 487\npsittacara leucophthalmus callogenys ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 171 , 188 citation\npsittacara leucophthalmus leucophthalmus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75\npsittacara leucophthalmus nicefori meyer de schauensee 1946 not . nat . no . 163 p . 2\npsittacara euops ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 638 pl . 24 fig . 2\npsittacara chloropterus souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 59\npsittacara maugei\u2020 souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 59\npsittrichas fulgidus ( lesson ) 1830 traitedorn . livr . 3 p . 181 citation\ncoracopsis vasa ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 528\ncoracopsis vasa comorensis ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371\ncoracopsis vasa drouhardi lavauden 1929 alauda 1 no . 4 & 5 p . 231\ncoracopsis vasa vasa ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 528\ncoracopsis nigra ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\ncoracopsis nigra libs bangs 1927 proc . newengl . zool . cl . 9 p . 83\ncoracopsis nigra nigra ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\ncoracopsis nigra sibilans milne - edwards & oustalet 1885 compt . rend . 101 p . 220\nmicropsitta keiensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [\n1875\n] p . 984\nmicropsitta keiensis chloroxantha oberholser 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 126\nmicropsitta keiensis keiensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [\n1875\n] p . 984\nmicropsitta geelvinkiana ( schlegel ) 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 7\nmicropsitta geelvinkiana geelvinkiana ( schlegel ) 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 7\nmicropsitta geelvinkiana misoriensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [\n1875\n] p . 909\nmicropsitta pusio ( sclater , pl ) 1866 pzs [\n1865\n] pt3 p . 620 pl . 35\nmicropsitta pusio beccarii ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 8 p . 396\nmicropsitta pusio harterti mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2\nmicropsitta pusio pusio ( sclater , pl ) 1866 pzs [\n1865\n] pt3 p . 620 pl . 35\nmicropsitta finschii ( ramsay , ep ) 1881 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 6 p . 180\nmicropsitta finschii finschii ( ramsay , ep ) 1881 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 6 p . 180\nmicropsitta finschii tristrami ( rothschild & hartert ) 1902 novit . zool . 9 p . 589\nmicropsitta finschii viridifrons ( rothschild & hartert ) 1899 orn . monatsb . 7 no . 9 p . 138\nmicropsitta bruijnii ( salvadori ) 1875 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 p . 715 , note , p . 753 , 907 pl . 21\nmicropsitta bruijnii bruijnii ( salvadori ) 1875 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 p . 715 , note , p . 753 , 907 pl . 21\nmicropsitta bruijnii pileata mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2\nmicropsitta bruijnii rosea mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2\npolytelis swainsonii ( desmarest ) 1826 dict . sci . nat . 39 p . 39\npolytelis anthopeplus ( lear ) 1831 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt8 pl . 29\npolytelis anthopeplus anthopeplus ( lear ) 1831 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt8 pl . 29\nalisterus amboinensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 141\nalisterus amboinensis amboinensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 141\nalisterus amboinensis buruensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 8 p . 371\nalisterus amboinensis dorsalis ( quoy & gaimard ) 1832 voy . astrolabezool . 1 [ 1830\n] p . 234 atlasois . pl . 21 fig . 3\nalisterus amboinensis hypophonius ( muller , s ) 1843 verh . nat . gesch . [ temminck ] land - volk . no . 6 p . 181 , note\nalisterus amboinensis sulaensis ( reichenow ) 1881 j . orn . 29 no . 154 p . 128\nalisterus chloropterus ( ramsay , ep ) 1879 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 3 pt3 p . 251\nalisterus chloropterus callopterus ( albertis & salvadori ) 1879 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 14 p . 29\nalisterus chloropterus chloropterus ( ramsay , ep ) 1879 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 3 pt3 p . 251\nalisterus chloropterus moszkowskii ( reichenow ) 1911 orn . monatsb . 19 p . 82\nalisterus scapularis ( lichtenstein ) 1816 zool . mus . univ . berlin p . 29\nalisterus scapularis minor mathews 1911 novit . zool . 18 no . 1 p . 23\nalisterus scapularis scapularis ( lichtenstein ) 1816 zool . mus . univ . berlin p . 29\naprosmictus jonquillaceus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 352\naprosmictus jonquillaceus jonquillaceus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 352\naprosmictus jonquillaceus wetterensis ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 481 , 484 citation\naprosmictus erythropterus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 343\naprosmictus erythropterus coccineopterus ( gould ) 1865 handb . birdsaustr . 2 p . 39\naprosmictus erythropterus erythropterus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 343\nprioniturus platurus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 314\nprioniturus platurus platurus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 314\nprioniturus waterstradti malindangensis mearns 1909 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 36 no . 1678 p . 437\nprioniturus platenae blasius , w 1888 braunschw . anz . no . 37 p . 335 author\nprioniturus flavicans cassin 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 373\nprioniturus discurus ( vieillot ) 1822 gal . ois . 1 p . 7 pl . 26\nprioniturus discurus discurus ( vieillot ) 1822 gal . ois . 1 p . 7 pl . 26\nprioniturus discurus whiteheadi salomonsen 1953 vidensk . medd . dansk . naturhist . for . 115 p . 224\neclectus roratus cornelia bonaparte 1850 compt . rend . 30 p . 135 , 136 citation\neclectus roratus macgillivrayi mathews 1913 australav . rec . 2 no . 4 p . 75\neclectus roratus polychloros ( scopoli ) 1786 del . flor . faun . insubr . 2 p . 87\neclectus roratus riedeli meyer , ab 1882 pzs [\n1881\n] pt4 p . 917\neclectus roratus roratus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 77\neclectus roratus solomonensis rothschild & hartert 1901 novit . zool . 8 no . 1 p . 82\neclectus roratus vosmaeri ( rothschild ) 1922 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 9 p . 412\neclectus roratus westermani\u2020 ( bonaparte ) 1850 consp . gen . av . 1 p . 4\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 103 pl . 21\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi aruensis ( gray , gr ) 1858 pzs pt26 no . 358 p . 183\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi cyanicollis ( muller , s ) 1841 verh . nat . gesch . [ temminck ] land - volk . no . 4 p . 108 , 182 , note\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi floresianus salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 400 , 406 citation\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi geoffroyi ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 103 pl . 21\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi jobiensis ( meyer , ab ) 1874 sitz . k . akad . wiss . wien 70 p . 225\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi minor neumann 1922 verh . orn . ges . bayern 15 heft2 p . 235\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi mysorensis ( meyer , ab ) 1874 sitz . k . akad . wiss . wien 70 p . 225\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi pucherani souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 218\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi rhodops ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 43 , 44\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi sudestiensis de vis 1890 annualrep . brit . newguinea ( 1888 - 1889 ) app . g p . 58\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi timorlaoensis meyer , ab 1884 sitz . abh . naturwiss . ges . isisdresden heft1 p . 15\ngeoffroyus simplex ( meyer , ab ) 1874 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 24 p . 39 citation\ngeoffroyus simplex buergersi neumann 1922 verh . orn . ges . bayern 15 heft2 p . 235\ngeoffroyus simplex simplex ( meyer , ab ) 1874 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 24 p . 39 citation\ngeoffroyus heteroclitus ( hombron & jacquinot ) 1841 ann . sci . nat . zool . ( 2 ) 16 p . 319\ngeoffroyus heteroclitus heteroclitus ( hombron & jacquinot ) 1841 ann . sci . nat . zool . ( 2 ) 16 p . 319\ngeoffroyus heteroclitus hyacinthinus mayr 1931 am . mus . novit . no . 486 p . 13\npsittinus cyanurus ( forster , jr ) 1795 faunulaindica . ed . 2 p . 6\npsittinus cyanurus abbotti richmond 1902 proc . biol . soc . wash . 15 p . 188\npsittinus cyanurus cyanurus ( forster , jr ) 1795 faunulaindica . ed . 2 p . 6\npsittinus cyanurus pontius oberholser 1912 smiths . misc . coll . 60 no . 7 p . 5\ntanygnathus megalorynchos hellmayri mayr 1944 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 83 p . 134 , 149\ntanygnathus megalorynchos sumbensis meyer , ab 1881 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 31 p . 762\ntanygnathus lucionensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 146\ntanygnathus lucionensis hybridus salomonsen 1952 vidensk . medd . dansk . naturhist . for . 114 p . 347\ntanygnathus lucionensis lucionensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 146\ntanygnathus lucionensis talautensis meyer , ab & wiglesworth 1895 abh . ber . mus . dresden 5 no . 9 p . 2\ntanygnathus sumatranus ( raffles ) 1822 trans . linn . soc . london ( 1 ) 13 p . 281\ntanygnathus sumatranus everetti tweeddale 1877 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 20 p . 533\ntanygnathus sumatranus freeri mcgregor 1910 philip . j . sci . 5 p . 108\ntanygnathus sumatranus sumatranus ( raffles ) 1822 trans . linn . soc . london ( 1 ) 13 p . 281\ntanygnathus gramineus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 338\npsittacula himalayana ( lesson ) 1831 voy . ind . orient . [ belanger ] zool . [\n1834\n] pt4 p . 239 citation\npsittacula roseata biswas 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1500 p . 4\npsittacula roseata juneae biswas 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1500 p . 5\npsittacula roseata roseata biswas 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1500 p . 4\npsittacula cyanocephala ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 141\npsittacula alexandri ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\npsittacula alexandri abbotti ( oberholser ) 1919 proc . biol . soc . wash . 32 p . 29\npsittacula alexandri alexandri ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\npsittacula alexandri cala ( oberholser ) 1912 smiths . misc . coll . 60 no . 7 p . 4\npsittacula alexandri dammermani chasen & kloss 1932 bull . rafflesmus . no . 7 p . 8\npsittacula alexandri fasciata ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 74\npsittacula alexandri major ( richmond ) 1902 proc . biol . soc . wash . 15 p . 188\npsittacula alexandri perionca ( oberholser ) 1912 smiths . misc . coll . 60 no . 7 p . 4\npsittacula derbiana ( fraser ) 1852 pzs [\n1850\n] pt18 no . 216 p . 245 pl . 25\npsittacula longicauda defontainei chasen 1935 bull . rafflesmus . no . 9 [\n1934\n] p . 93 citation\npsittacula longicauda modesta ( fraser ) 1845 pzs pt13 no . 144 p . 16\npsittacula longicauda nicobarica ( gould ) 1857 birdsasia [ gould ] 6 pt9 pl . 13\npsittacula longicauda tytleri ( hume ) 1874 str . feath . 2 p . 454\npsittacula calthrapae ( blyth ) 1849 j . asiat . soc . bengal 18 pt2 p . 800\npsittacula eupatria ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 140\npsittacula eupatria avensis ( kloss ) 1917 j . nat . hist . soc . siam 2 no . 3 p . 219\npsittacula eupatria eupatria ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 140\npsittacula eupatria magnirostris ( ball ) 1872 j . asiat . soc . bengal 41 p . 278\npsittacula eupatria nipalensis ( hodgson ) 1836 as . res . 19 p . 177\npsittacula eupatria siamensis ( kloss ) 1917 j . nat . hist . soc . siam 2 no . 3 p . 219\npsittacula wardi\u2020 ( newton , e ) 1867 ibis p . 341 , note concept citation\npsittacula krameri borealis ( neumann ) 1915 orn . monatsb . 23 p . 178\npsittacula krameri krameri ( scopoli ) 1769 annusihist . - nat . p . 31\npsittacula krameri manillensis ( bechstein ) 1800 naturgesch . stubenthiereed . 2 1 p . 612 , note\npsittacula krameri parvirostris ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157\npsittacula eques echo ( newton , a & newton , e ) 1876 ibis p . 284 pl . 6\npsittacula caniceps ( blyth ) 1846 j . asiat . soc . bengal 15 p . 23\npsittacella brehmii schlegel 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 35 citation\npsittacella brehmii brehmii schlegel 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 35 citation\npsittacella brehmii harterti mayr 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft5 p . 702\npsittacella brehmii pallida meyer , ab 1886 zeitsch . ges . orn . 3 p . 3\npsittacella picta excelsa mayr & gilliard 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1524 p . 6\npsittacella modesta modesta schlegel 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 36\npsittacella madaraszi meyer , ab 1886 zeitsch . ges . orn . 3 p . 4 pl . 1 fig . 1\npsittacella madaraszi huonensis mayr & rand 1935 am . mus . novit . no . 814 p . 4\npsittacella madaraszi madaraszi meyer , ab 1886 zeitsch . ges . orn . 3 p . 4 pl . 1 fig . 1\npsephotus haematonotus ( gould ) 1838 pzs [\n1837\n] pt5 no . 57 p . 88\npsephotus haematonotus caeruleus condon 1941 rec . s . austr . mus . 7 p . 141\npsephotus haematonotus haematonotus ( gould ) 1838 pzs [\n1837\n] pt5 no . 57 p . 88\nnorthiella haematogaster ( gould ) 1838 pzs [\n1837\n] pt5 no . 57 p . 89\nnorthiella haematogaster haematogaster ( gould ) 1838 pzs [\n1837\n] pt5 no . 57 p . 89\nnorthiella haematogaster haematorrhoa ( bonaparte ) 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1 col . 13 citation\nnorthiella haematogaster pallescens ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 563 citation\nnorthiella narethae ( white , hl ) 1921 emu 21 p . 81 pl . 12\npsephotellus chrysopterygius ( gould ) 1858 pzs [\n1857\n] pt25 no . 340 p . 220\npsephotellus pulcherrimus \u2020 ( gould ) 1845 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 15 p . 115\npurpureicephalus spurius ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 52\nplatycercus caledonicus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 328\nplatycercus caledonicus brownii ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 56\nplatycercus caledonicus caledonicus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 328\nplatycercus elegans ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 318\nplatycercus elegans elegans ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 318\nplatycercus elegans filewoodi mcallen & bruce 1989 birdsnews . wales p . ? ? ?\nplatycercus elegans flaveolus gould 1837 syn . birdsaustr . pt2 pl . [ 23 ]\nplatycercus elegans nigrescens ramsay , ep 1888 tab . listaustral . birds p . 34\nplatycercus venustus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 52\nplatycercus venustus venustus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 52\nplatycercus adscitus palliceps lear 1832 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt12 pl . 19\nplatycercus eximius ( shaw ) 1792 nat . misc . 3 pl . 93 , text\nplatycercus eximius diemenensis north 1911 austral . mus . spec . cat . no . 1 3 pt2 p . 128\nplatycercus eximius eximius ( shaw ) 1792 nat . misc . 3 pl . 93 , text\nplatycercus icterotis ( temminck & kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 54\nplatycercus icterotis icterotis ( temminck & kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 54\nbarnardius zonarius ( shaw ) 1805 nat . misc . 16 pl . 657 , text\nbarnardius zonarius barnardi ( vigors & horsfield ) 1827 trans . linn . soc . london ( 1 ) 15 [\n1826\n] p . 283\nbarnardius zonarius macgillivrayi ( north ) 1900 vict . nat . 17 no . 5 p . 91\nbarnardius zonarius parkeri forshaw & joseph 2016 emu 116 no . 4 p . 440 - 444\nbarnardius zonarius semitorquatus ( quoy & gaimard ) 1832 voy . astrolabezool . 1 [\n1830\n] p . 237 atlasois . pl . 23\nbarnardius zonarius zonarius ( shaw ) 1805 nat . misc . 16 pl . 657 , text\nlathamus discolor ( shaw ) 1790 j . voy . news . wales [ white ] pl . 49 author\nprosopeia splendens ( peale ) 1849 u . s . expl . exped . 8 [\n1848\n] p . 127\nprosopeia personata ( gray , gr ) 1848 pzs pt16 no . 181 p . 21 pl . 3\nprosopeia tabuensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 317\nprosopeia tabuensis tabuensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 317\neunymphicus ( m . ) peters , jl 1937 check - listbirdsworld 3 p . 269\neunymphicus cornutus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 327\neunymphicus uvaeensis ( layard , el & layard , elc ) 1882 pzs pt2 p . 408 pl . 26 fig . 2\ncyanoramphus ulietanus\u2020 ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 328\ncyanoramphus saisseti verreaux , j & des murs 1860 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 12 p . 387\ncyanoramphus cookii ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 13\ncyanoramphus subflavescens\u2020 salvadori 1891 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 7 p . 68\ncyanoramphus unicolor ( lear ) 1831 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt4 pl . 25\ncyanoramphus auriceps ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 46\ncyanoramphus malherbi souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 98 concept\ncyanoramphus novaezelandiae ( sparrman ) 1787 mus . carls . fasc . 2 no . xxviii pl . 28 concept\ncyanoramphus novaezelandiae cyanurus salvadori 1891 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 7 p . 68\ncyanoramphus novaezelandiae novaezelandiae ( sparrman ) 1787 mus . carls . fasc . 2 no . xxviii pl . 28 concept\ncyanoramphus hochstetteri ( reischek ) 1889 trans . n . z . inst . 21 [\n1888\n] p . 387\ncyanoramphus erythrotis\u2020 ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 526 citation\npezoporus wallicus ( kerr ) 1792 anim . kingd . [ kerr ] 1 pt2 p . 581\npezoporus wallicus wallicus ( kerr ) 1792 anim . kingd . [ kerr ] 1 pt2 p . 581\npezoporus flaviventris north 1911 austral . mus . spec . cat . no . 1 3 pt2 p . 175\nneophema chrysostoma ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 50 pl . 1\nneophema elegans carteri ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 278\nneophema elegans elegans ( gould ) 1837 pzs pt5 no . 50 p . 25\nneophema petrophila ( gould ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 94 p . 148\nneophema petrophila petrophila ( gould ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 94 p . 148\nneophema petrophila zietzi ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 278\nneophema pulchella ( shaw ) 1792 nat . misc . 3 pl . 96 , text\nneophema splendida ( gould ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 94 p . 147\noreopsittacus arfaki ( meyer , ab ) 1874 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 24 p . 37\noreopsittacus arfaki arfaki ( meyer , ab ) 1874 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 24 p . 37\ncharmosyna palmarum ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 329\ncharmosyna meeki ( rothschild & hartert ) 1901 novit . zool . 8 p . 187\ncharmosyna toxopei ( siebers ) 1930 treubia 7 suppl . livr . 5 p . 252 pl . 4\ncharmosyna wilhelminae ( meyer , ab ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 125 p . 55 , 56\ncharmosyna rubronotata kordoana ( meyer , ab ) 1874 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 24 p . 38\ncharmosyna placentis ( temminck ) 1835 pl . col . livr . 93 pl . 553\ncharmosyna placentis ornata mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 1\ncharmosyna placentis pallidior ( rothschild & hartert ) 1905 novit . zool . 12 p . 253\ncharmosyna placentis placentis ( temminck ) 1835 pl . col . livr . 93 pl . 553\ncharmosyna diadema\u2020 ( verreaux , j & des murs ) 1860 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 12 p . 390\ncharmosyna amabilis ( ramsay , ep ) 1875 morningherald [ sydney ] no . ? p . ?\ncharmosyna pulchella gray , gr 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 102\ncharmosyna pulchella pulchella gray , gr 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 102\ncharmosyna pulchella rothschildi ( hartert ) 1930 novit . zool . 36 p . 105\ncharmosyna josefinae ( finsch ) 1873 attisoc . ital . sci . nat . mus . civ . stor . nat . milano 15 p . 427 pl . 7\ncharmosyna josefinae josefinae ( finsch ) 1873 attisoc . ital . sci . nat . mus . civ . stor . nat . milano 15 p . 427 pl . 7\ncharmosyna josefinae sepikiana neumann 1922 verh . orn . ges . bayern 15 heft2 p . 235\ncharmosyna papou ( scopoli ) 1786 del . flor . faun . insubr . 2 p . 86\ncharmosyna papou goliathina rothschild & hartert 1911 novit . zool . 18 no . 2 p . 160\ncharmosyna papou papou ( scopoli ) 1786 del . flor . faun . insubr . 2 p . 86\ncharmosyna papou stellae meyer , ab 1886 zeitsch . ges . orn . 3 p . 9 pl . 2 concept\nvini australis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 329\nvini kuhlii ( vigors ) 1824 zool . j . 1 no . 3 p . 412 pl . 16\nvini stepheni ( north ) 1908 rec . austr . mus . 7 no . 1 p . 29\nvini ultramarina ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 49\nphigys ( m . ) gray , gr 1870 hand - listgen . spec . birds [ gray ] 2 p . 154\nphigys solitarius ( suckow ) 1800 anf . theor . ang . naturgesch . thier . 2 pt1 p . 334\nneopsittacus musschenbroekii ( schlegel ) 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 34\nparvipsitta pusilla ( shaw ) 1790 j . voy . news . wales [ white ] p . 262 pl . 48"]}
{"id": 222, "summary": [{"text": "gracianella is a genus of fossil brachiopods .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it was described by johnson and coucot in 1967 , and existed from the silurian to the devonian of australia , austria , canada , china , the czech republic , italy , tajikistan , and the united states .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "a new species , g. paulula , was described by andrzej bali\u0144ski in 2012 , from the early devonian of ukraine . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "gracianella", "paragraphs": ["belongs to gracianella according to j . jin and b . d . e . chatterton 1997\nin the classic section across the silurian\u2013devonian boundary at dnistrove ( podolia , ukraine ) the brachiopod fauna has never been studied in detail . this paper presents results of research on brachiopods from this important locality and time interval . bed\u2212by\u2212bed collecting has enabled the detailed distribution of brachiopod taxa through the boundary beds to be revealed . generally , the reference section at dnistrove yields rather scarce but often well preserved brachiopods . dayia bohemica and dnestrina gutta can be regarded as characteristic species for the uppermost silurian . a relatively high\u2212diversity but low\u2212abundance brachiopod fauna occurs in the lowest 1 . 8 m of the earliest devonian . only three forms have been found to cross the silurian\u2013devonian boundary : the strophomenide plectodonta ( plectodonta ) mariae pantherae subsp . nov . , the atrypide gracianella ( sublepida ) paulula sp . nov . , and the spiriferide howellella ( howellella ) latisinuata . arelatively narrow brachiopod\u2212rich interval at 5 . 5 m above the silurian\u2013devonian boundary yields 16 brachiopod species which probably indicate a setting near the lower limit of the photic zone equivalent to the benthic assemblage 3\u20134 boundary . two new species and one new subspecies are described : skenidioides tatyanae , plectodonta ( plectodonta ) mariae pantherae , and gracianella ( sublepida ) paulula .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nandrzej bali\u0144ski [ balinski @ urltoken ] , instytut paleobiologii pan , ul . twarda 51 / 55 , pl - 00 - 818 warszawa , poland .\nthis is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license ( for details please see urltoken ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nfull reference : j . jin and b . d . e . chatterton . 1997 . latest ordovician - silurian articulate brachiopods and biostratigraphy of the avalanche lake area , southwestern district of mackenzie , canada . palaeontographica canadiana 13 : 1 - 62\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under cc by - nc licence .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 230, "summary": [{"text": "oxyjulis californica is a species of wrasse native to the eastern pacific ocean along the coasts of california and baja california .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "its distribution extends from salt point in sonoma county , california , to southern central baja california , near cedros island .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "it is a very common species ; its common name in spanish is se\u00f1orita .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "this fish can grow to 25 cm ( 9.8 in ) in total length .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "its body is fusiform , frequently described as \" cigar-shaped \" .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "it is brown or shiny bronze dorsally and orange on its sides , becoming paler ventrally .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the base of the tail fin is mostly covered with a large black or chocolate brown spot .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the mouth is small and it has protruding \" buck teeth \" which it uses to scrape tiny invertebrate prey items off of kelp .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "this fish lives in near-coastal marine habitats , especially kelp forests and reefs .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "it has been observed at depths of 73 m ( 240 ft ) , but it generally lives at 20 m ( 66 ft ) or less .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "it may cruise in a small school , but if threatened , it often retreats to the bottom , digging into the substrate to hide .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "it also rests on the bottom at night , burrowing in backwards so only its head sticks out of the substrate .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the diet of the fish is composed of invertebrates , including marine worms , bryozoans , crustaceans , dove snails , limpets , fish larvae , and squid .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "it may consume small amounts of seaweed .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "it also feeds on the ectoparasites of other fish .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the se\u00f1orita is a cleaner wrasse , a fish that grooms the parasites and other materials off the bodies of other fish .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "it may remove and eat ectoparasites such as bacteria , copepods , and isopods .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "parasites can constitute around half its total food intake .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "sometimes when the se\u00f1orita begins to clean one of its clients , a crowd of other fish will gather around to receive the service .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "species that seek the se\u00f1orita for a grooming include the bat ray ( myliobatis californica ) , giant sea bass ( stereolepis gigas ) , kelp bass ( paralabrax clathratus ) , jacksmelt ( atherinopsis californiensis ) , topsmelt ( atherinops affinis ) , sargo ( diplodus sargus ) , blacksmith ( chromis punctipinnis ) , garibaldi ( hypsypops rubicundus ) , opaleye ( girella nigricans ) , halfmoon ( medialuna californiensis ) , and mola ( mola mola ) .", "topic": 29}, {"text": "the other fish may solicit the cleaning with their behavior .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "the garibaldi extends its gill slits to give the se\u00f1orita access to parasites on its gills .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the blacksmith points its head down to encourage the cleaner , and many blacksmith at a time may mob it , competing for its attention .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "they may even block its escape if it tries to leave the scene .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the opaleye is usually constantly swimming , but it will stop and hold still if it meets a se\u00f1orita .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "the kelp bass , a predator of small fish , will often refrain from eating the se\u00f1orita , and let it clean .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "while the se\u00f1orita will often clean large , predatory fish , it is not always safe .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "it has been observed in the diet of the kelp bass , the bocaccio ( sebastes paucispinis ) , and the starry rockfish ( s. constellatus ) , but it is not consumed as often as would be expected , considering its frequent close contact with predators .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "it might be unpalatable .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "predators that do eat the fish include brandt 's cormorant ( phalacrocorax penicillatus ) and the california sea lion ( zalophus californianus ) .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "the reproductive biology of this fish is not well known .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "some sources suggest it may be a protogynous hermaphrodite , with the female able to change sex and become male , while others doubt this occurs in this species .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "spawning occurs in may through august .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the eggs are pelagic , floating suspended in the water .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the fish tends to return to favorite locations ; in one experiment , se\u00f1oritas were caught and then released a distance away , and most found their way back to their original home ranges .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "fishermen generally do not seek this species as quarry , and it can be an annoyance when it steals bait off hooks .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "while technically edible , it is not valuable as a food fish . ", "topic": 15}], "title": "oxyjulis californica", "paragraphs": ["jennifer hammock chose to hide data on\noxyjulis californica ( g\u00fcnther , 1861 )\n.\njosefin stiller added the german common name\njunkerlippfisch\nto\noxyjulis californica ( g\u00fcnther , 1861 )\n.\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\njustification : this is a very common species throughout its range . there are no known major threats and it occurs in protected areas throughout its range . it is therefore listed as least concern .\nthis species is known in the eastern pacific from salt point in northern california to southern central baja california .\nthis species is one of the most common wrasses in southern california . it reaches densities of up to 0 . 5 fish per m 2 , and is among the top three species recorded by fisheries independent diver surveys ( craig et al . unpublished data ) .\nthis species inhabits rocky reefs and kelp forests in depths of 1 - 73 m , but is most common above 20 m . it feeds on small invertebrates and may act as a \u201ccleaner\u201d for larger fishes . it is likely a protogynous hermaphrodite .\nthere are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . however , its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\ngreek , oxy = sharp + greek , ioulis , a fish dealing with genera coris or thalassoma ( ref . 45335 )\nmarine ; demersal ; depth range 0 - 97 m ( ref . 96339 ) . subtropical ; 39\u00b0n - 22\u00b0n , 124\u00b0w - 110\u00b0w\neastern pacific : salt point in northern california , usa to southern central baja california , mexico .\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 25 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2850 ) ; max . reported age : 4 years ( ref . 56049 )\nlive in kelp and other seaweeds and over rocks . occurs in intertidal up to 97 m ( ref . 96339 ) . found usually at depths shallower than 23 m but also caught at depths up to 73 m . often form small groups , frequently well off bottom . when disturbed often burrows in bottom sediment . sleep at night buried in sand with head protruding . feed on a variety of small invertebrates and also picks parasites from other fishes that come to be cleaned . no sex reversal . pelagic spawner ( ref . 56049 ) .\neschmeyer , w . n . , e . s . herald and h . hammann , 1983 . a field guide to pacific coast fishes of north america . boston ( ma , usa ) : houghton mifflin company . xii + 336 p . ( ref . 2850 )\n) : 12 . 9 - 22 . 9 , mean 18 . 8 ( based on 10 cells ) .\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00447 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 01112 ) , b = 3 . 14 ( 2 . 92 - 3 . 36 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 1 \u00b10 . 40 se ; based on food items .\nresilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( tm = 1 ; tmax = 4 ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 19 of 100 ) .\n: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\n: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\ngland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) \u2013 australia\u2019s unique reptiles \u2013 including lizards and snakes \u2013 face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .\nthe value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .\na recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nin kelp forests and reefs from five to 240 feet ( 1 . 5 m - 76 m ) ; from salt point , sonoma california to central baja california\nloose schools of se\u00f1oritas swarm in kelp forests and over reefs anywhere from near the bottom of the water to near the top . in the aquarium ' s kelp forest exhibits , look for little cigar - shaped orange fish with large black spots on their tails . se\u00f1oritas sport large scales , small mouths and protruding teeth that are ideal for picking bryozoans and hydroids from algae .\ncommercial fishermen don ' t target se\u00f1oritas and anglers consider them bait - stealing nuisances . se\u00f1oritas , as well as other animals , depend on healthy kelp forests for food and shelter . unfortunately , some kelp forests are in danger . in the past 20 years , three - quarters of these underwater forests have disappeared from channel islands national park . overfishing of sheepheads , lobsters and red urchins removed predators of purple sea urchins . without predators , the population of purple sea urchins increased rapidly to hoards of grazers that ate enough kelp to devastate nearly all the forests . to save the kelp forests , california agencies established no - fishing zones , called marine reserves , and limited fishing areas around the channel islands . if the success of other reserves is repeated , channel island national park kelp forests should flourish again .\nse\u00f1oritas feed during the day . at night they search for a sandy bottom where they bury in the sand with only their heads exposed . when threatened by predators in the daytime , se\u00f1oritas dart to the seafloor and hide by burrowing in the bottom sediment . brandt ' s cormorants and california sea lions prey on se\u00f1oritas .\nse\u00f1oritas are known as\ncleaner\nfish . they pick external parasites and copepods from the skin of other fishes . once a se\u00f1orita starts cleaning , other fishes gather to be cleaned as well . but then the se\u00f1orita loses interest , leaving disappointment in its wake .\nthe mission of the nonprofit monterey bay aquarium is to inspire conservation of the ocean .\nlive in kelp and other seaweeds and over rocks . found usually at depths shallower than 23 m but also caught at depths up to 73 m . often form small groups , frequently well off bottom . when disturbed often burrows in bottom sediment . sleep at night buried in sand with head protruding . feed on a variety of small invertebrates and also picks parasites from other fishes that come to be cleaned . no sex reversal . pelagic spawner ( ref . 56049 ) .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nthe following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners . there may be duplication .\nanonymous0 fish collection database of the centro interdisiplinario de ciencias marinas . centro interdisiplinario de ciencias marinas ( cicimar ) , la paz , mexico . ( ref . 33624 )\nanonymous0 fish collection database of the j . l . b . smith institute of ichthyology , grahamstown , south africa . j . l . b . smith institute of ichthyology , grahamstown , south africa . ( ref . 36670 )\nanonymous0 fish collection database of the national museum of natural history ( smithsonian institution ) . smithsonian institution - division of fishes . ( ref . 38732 )\nanonymous0 fish collection database of the university of british columbia fish museum fish museum . university of british columbia , vancouver , canada . ( ref . 10937 )\nbreder , c . m . and d . e . rosen0 modes of reproduction in fishes . t . f . h . publications , neptune city , new jersey . 941 p . ( ref . 205 )\nchinese academy of fishery sciences0 chinese aquatic germplasm resources database . urltoken ( ref . 58108 )\neschmeyer , w . n . , e . s . herald and h . hammann . 1983 . a field guide to pacific coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin company , boston , u . s . a . 336 p .\neschmeyer , w . n . , e . s . herald and h . hammann0 a field guide to pacific coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin company , boston , u . s . a . 336 p . ( ref . 2850 )\neschmeyer , w . n . 0 pisces . eschmeyer ' s pisces database as published on the internet in june 1997 , url : urltoken ( ref . 12965 )\nescobar - fern\u00e1ndez , r . and m . siri0 nombres vern\u00e1culos y cient\u00edficos de los peces del pac\u00edfico mexicano . universidad aut\u00f3noma de baja california , sociedad ictiol\u00f3gica mexicana , a . c . mexico . ( ref . 27736 )\nfao - fies0 aquatic sciences and fisheries information system ( asfis ) species list . retrieved from urltoken , 29 april 2008 . ( ref . 75549 )\nfao - fies0 aquatic sciences and fisheries information system ( asfis ) species list . retrieved from urltoken , april 2014 . ( ref . 95632 )\nfao - fies0 aquatic sciences and fisheries information system ( asfis ) species list . retrieved from urltoken , march 2010 . ( ref . 83882 )\nfao - fies0 aquatic sciences and fisheries information system ( asfis ) species list . retrieved from urltoken , march 2012 . ( ref . 90062 )\nfao - fies0 aquatic sciences and fisheries information system ( asfis ) species list . retrieved from urltoken , [ accessed 13 / 04 / 2015 ] . ( ref . 101110 )\nfitch , j . e . and r . j . lavenberg0 tidepool and nearshore fishes of california . california natural history guides : 38 . university of california press , berkelley and los angeles , california . 156 p . ( ref . 4930 )\nfroese r . & pauly d . ( eds ) ( 2015 ) . fishbase ( version jan 2015 ) . in : species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 26th august 2015 ( roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , kunze t . , flann c . , bailly n . , kirk p . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , eds ) . digital resource at urltoken . species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .\ngarces , l . r . , q . p . sia , m . j . m . vega , j . cabansag and v . hilomen0 species composition and abundance of reef fish communities . p . 000 - 000 . in g . silvestre , c . luna and j . padilla ( eds . ) multidisciplinary assessment of the fisheries in san miguel bay , philippines ( 1992 - 1993 ) . iclarm technical report 47 . international center for living aquatic resources management , makati , philippines . ( ref . 45334 )\nhobson , e . s . , w . n . mcfarland and j . r . chess0 crepuscular and nocturnal activities of californian nearshore fishes , with consideration of their scotopic visual pigments and the photic environment . fish . bull . 79 : 1 - 30 . ( ref . 2323 )\nlowry , m . s . , c . w . oliver , c . macky and j . b . wexler0 food habits of california sea lions zalophus californianus at san clemente island , california , 1981 - 86 . fish . bull . 88 : 509 - 521 . ( ref . 32120 )\nnelson , j . s . , e . j . crossman , h . espinosa - p\u00e9rez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea and j . d . williams0 common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . american fisheries society , special publication 29 , bethesda , maryland . ix , 386 p . + 1 cd . ( ref . 52299 )\nnelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - p\u00e9rez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds . 2004 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico , sixth edition . american fisheries society special publication , no . 29 . ix + 386\nparenti , paola , and john e . randall . 2000 . an annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families labridae and scaridae . ichthyological bulletin of the j . l . b . smith institute of ichthyology , no . 68 . 97\nrobins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea and w . b . scott0 a list of common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada . am . fish . soc . spec . publ . ( 12 ) 1 - 174 . ( ref . 276 )\nrobins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea and w . b . scott0 common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada . am . fish . soc . spec . pub . ( 20 ) : 183 p . ( ref . 3814 )\nrobins , richard c . , reeve m . bailey , carl e . bond , james r . brooker , ernest a . lachner , et al . 1980 . a list of common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada , fourth edition . american fisheries society special publication , no . 12 . 174\nrobins , richard c . , reeve m . bailey , carl e . bond , james r . brooker , ernest a . lachner , et al . 1991 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada , fifth edition . american fisheries society special publication , no . 20 . 183\nshanks , a . l . and g . l . eckert0 population persistence of california current fishes and benthic crustaceans : a marine drift paradox . ecol . monogr . 75 : 505 - 524 . ( ref . 56049 )\nvictor , b . c . 0 duration of the planktonic larval stage of one hundred species of pacific and atlantic wrasses ( family labridae ) . mar . biol . 90 ( 3 ) : 317 - 326 . ( ref . 32018 )\nwu , h . l . , k . - t . shao and c . f . lai ( eds . ) 0 latin - chinese dictionary of fishes names . the sueichan press , taiwan . 1028 p . ( ref . 31517 )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - p\u00e9rez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .\nfull author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h\u00e9ctor espinosa - p\u00e9rez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams\nichthyological bulletin of the j . l . b . smith institute of ichthyology , no . 68\nrobins , richard c . , reeve m . bailey , carl e . bond , james r . brooker , ernest a . lachner , et al .\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\ncommon in kelp beds and rocky reefs . cleans parasites from other fishes . attains 10 inches . central california to central baja .\ng\u00fcnther , a . ( 1861 ) . a preliminary synopsis of the labroid genera . ann . mag . nat . hist . ser . 3 . 8 ( 47 ) : 382 - 389 . page ( s ) : 386 [ details ]\n( of halichoeres californicus g\u00fcnther , 1861 ) g\u00fcnther , a . ( 1861 ) . a preliminary synopsis of the labroid genera . ann . mag . nat . hist . ser . 3 . 8 ( 47 ) : 382 - 389 . [ details ]\nthe webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license\neschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nfroese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of halichoeres californicus g\u00fcnther , 1861 ) eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of halichoeres californicus g\u00fcnther , 1861 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\ndata and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho ."]}
{"id": 261, "summary": [{"text": "anodorhynchus is a genus of large blue macaws from open and semi-open habitats in central and eastern south america .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "it includes two endangered species , the hyacinth macaw and lear 's macaw also known as the indigo macaw , and one probably extinct species , the glaucous macaw .", "topic": 19}, {"text": "at about 100 centimetres ( 39 in ) in length the hyacinth macaw is the longest parrot in the world .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "glaucous and lear 's macaws are exclusively cliff nesters ; hyacinth macaws are mostly tree nesters .", "topic": 19}, {"text": "the three species mainly feed on the nuts from a few species of palms ( notably acrocomia aculeata , attalea phalerata , butia yatay and syagrus coronata ) .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "while blue macaws have been known from taxidermic and captive specimens since at least 1790 , location of the lear 's macaw 's endemic habitat was n't known until 1978 .", "topic": 19}, {"text": "the glaucous macaw was extirpated in the 1800s by clearance for agriculture and cattle grazing of the yatay palm ( butia yatay ) groves upon which it fed , though rumors of its continued existence persist .", "topic": 19}, {"text": "lear 's macaws have made a comeback from near extinction in the early 1980s ( about 60 birds ) to over 1000 as a result of conservation programs .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "hyacinth macaws remain locally common within parts of their range , but their range has become fragmented into three known distinct populations in southern brazil , eastern bolivia and northeastern paraguay ; populations are declining due to extensive trapping for the pet trade as well as habitat loss .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "both hyacinth and lear 's macaws are listed on cites appendix 1 . ", "topic": 17}], "title": "anodorhynchus", "paragraphs": ["anodorhynchus leari bonaparte 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1\nkey words : avian karyotype , anodorhynchus , deroptyus , psittaciformes , conservation biology , cytotaxonomy .\nmich\u0430el fr\u0430nkis marked\nfile : anodorhynchus hyacinthinus - rio grande do sul , brazil - nest - 8 . jpg\nas trusted on the\nanodorhynchus hyacinthinus latham , 1790\npage .\nmich\u0430el fr\u0430nkis marked\nfile : anodorhynchus hyacinthinus - mato grosso do sul , brazil - eating - 8 . jpg\nas trusted on the\nanodorhynchus hyacinthinus latham , 1790\npage .\nmich\u0430el fr\u0430nkis marked\nfile : anodorhynchus hyacinthinus - rio grande do sul , brazil - pair - 8 . jpg\nas trusted on the\nanodorhynchus hyacinthinus latham , 1790\npage .\nanodorhynchus glaucus\u2020 ( vieillot ) 1816 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 2 p . 259\nanodorhynchus glaucus : formerly southern brazil , southern paraguay , northeastern uruguay , and northern argentina . possibly extinct\nmich\u0430el fr\u0430nkis marked\nfile : araraazulemguanandi . jpg\nas trusted on the\nanodorhynchus hyacinthinus latham , 1790\npage .\nyan wong changed the thumbnail image of\nfile : anodorhynchus hyacinthinus - mato grosso do sul , brazil - nest - 8 ( 3 ) . jpg\n.\nto cite this page : hagan , e . 2004 .\nanodorhynchus hyacinthinus\n( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken\nseventeen females and twenty - seven males of anodorhynchus hyacinthinus and three males and two females of deroptyus accipitrinus were analyzed . all specimens were maintained by ecological parks , zoological gardens or private bird breeders .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : anodorhynchus hyacinthinus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nalthough in external appearance deroptyus can resemble a parrot of genus amazona ( similar in size and not presenting long central rectrizes ) , our karyotypic data corroborate previous mtdna findings ( miyaki et al . , 1998 ) , indicating that deroptyus could be more related to species of the genera anodorhynchus , ara , cyanopsitta , propyrrhura , aratinga , pionites , pionopsitta , nandayus and guaruba .\ncollar , n . , boesman , p . & sharpe , c . j . ( 2018 ) . hyacinth macaw ( anodorhynchus hyacinthinus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\nanodorhynchus hyacinthinus showed a diploid number of 2n = 70 in 202 analyzed metaphases , comprising macro - and microchromosomes . chromosome pairs 1 , 7 , and 10 were metacentric ; pairs 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , and 11 were submetacentric ; and pairs 2 , 3 , and 4 were subtelocentric . the microchromosomes were telocentric up to the point to which their morphology could be identified . the z - chromosome was metacentric and about the same size as chromosome 5 , and the w - chromosome was submetacentric and about the same size as chromosome 9 ( figure 1 ) .\na first karyotype pattern can be observed among genera ara , cyanopsitta , propyrrhura , aratinga , pionites , pionopsitta , nandayus and guaruba , mainly characterized by a conservative metacentric pair 1 , pairs 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 varying from submetacentric to subtelocentric , pairs 7 and 8 varying from metacentric to submetacentric , and pairs 9 , 10 , and 11 varying from metacentric to telocentric ( de lucca , 1984 ; van dongen and de boer , 1984 ; de lucca et al . , 1991 ; duarte and giannoni , 1990 ; goldschmidt et al . , 1997 ; francisco et al . , 2001 ; francisco and galetti jr . , 2001 ) . the karyotypes of anodorhynchus hyacinthinus and deroptyus accipitrinus described here also presented this main pattern .\nwhile molecular genetic analyses have been widely applied in both in situ and ex situ management plans ( miyaki et al . , 1993 ; nader et al . , 1999 ; negro and torres , 1999 ; hudson et al . , 2000 ; caparroz et al . , 2001 ; bouzat , 2001 ; miyaki and eberhard , 2002 ) , karyotype analyses have rarely been considered . cytogenetic studies in neotropical psittacids have been restricted to the karyotype description of species easily found in captivity , but the origin of the specimens was usually unknown . although the detection of chromosome variants is not less important than dna polymorphism to conserve the genetic diversity and evolutionary potential of the species , karyotype studies in wild populations are scarce . karyotype characterization of anodorhynchus hyacinthinus and deroptyus accipitrinus can be a starting point for genetic monitoring of these two declining species .\nneotropical parrots are among the most threatened groups of birds in the world , and many species are facing extinction in a near future . at the same time , the taxonomic position of many species remains unclear . karyotype analysis has been used to elucidate the phylogenetic status of many bird groups , also providing important information for both in situ and ex situ conservation plans . the objective of the present study was to describe for the first time the karyotypes of the endangered hyacinth macaw , anodorhynchus hyacinthinus , and of the hawk - headed parrot , deroptyus accipitrinus . a diploid number of 2n = 70 and a karyotype similar to the main pattern previously found for the genera ara , cyanopsitta , aratinga , propyrrhura , pionites , pionopsitta , nandayus , and guaruba were found for both species . these karyotype descriptions can be a starting point for the genetic monitoring of these two declining species .\npartial karyotype descriptions of both a . hyacinthinus and d . accipitrinus were previously published by rocha et al . ( 1995 ) and goldschmidt et al . ( 1996 ) . however , for karyotype monitoring purposes , a complete characterization of the chromosome complement of each species is necessary ( benirschke et al . , 1980 ) . the objective of this work was to present for the first time a detailed karyotype description of a . hyacinthinus and d . accipitrinus , which can be useful for biological conservation approaches . cytotaxonomic considerations are also discussed , since karyotype analysis has been used to elucidate relationships among neotropical psittacidae ( de lucca and marco , 1993 ; de lucca , 1984 ; van dongen and de boer , 1984 ; de lucca et al . , 1991 ; duarte and giannoni , 1990 , duarte and caparroz , 1995 ; goldschmidt et al . , 1997 ; francisco and galetti jr . , 2001 ; francisco et al . , 2001 ) , and both anodorhynchus and deroptyus genera are poorly known from this point of view .\nneotropical parrots comprise one of the most endangered groups of birds in the world . it is estimated that about 30 % of the 140 living species are facing some risk of extinction , and most of the non - endangered species are experiencing population decline ( collar and juniper , 1992 ) . habitat loss and human exploitation are the major causes leading to the extinction of these birds . brazil is the country in the world with the greatest number of psittacidae species ( forshaw , 1989 ) . however , 17 out of the 72 living species are cited in the red list of threatened species of the iucn ( international union for conservation of nature and natural resources ) , and one of them , anodorhynchus glaucus , is already extinct ( sick , 1997 ) . large species need large areas to mantain viable demographic population ( galetti et al . , 2002 ) , and are among the most threatened ( sick , 1997 ) . if conservation actions are not implemented , many other species can disappear in a near future , just like a . glaucus .\nvocalization has been considered a reliable character to distinguish monophyletic genera of neotropical psittacidae ( sick , 1990 ) . based on this character , it has been suggested that ara macao , a . ararauna , a . glaucogularis , a . militaris , a . ambigua , a . chloroptera , a . rubrogenys and a . severa were related to the blue macaws ( anodorhynchus hyacinthinus , a . glaucus and a . leari ) , composing the group of true macaws . other species previously assigned to genus ara , such as maracana , auricollis , manilata and nobilis , were assembled in the maracan\u00e3s group , because their behavior resembles that of the small parakeets of genus aratinga . early classifications have probably overestimated body size and facial bare characters ( sick , 1990 ) . karyotype data of the species analyzed thus far ( see aquino and ferrari , 1990 ; francisco and galetti jr . , 2001 ) , obtained by conventional giemsa staining , have not been able to support this subdivision , because a single general karyotype pattern has been observed in both the true macaws and the maracan\u00e3s . further studies including chromosome banding could be helpful to elucidate species relationships .\nthe hyancinth macaw , anodorhynchus hyacinthinus , is the largest species within the order psittaciformes . it inhabits a vast area of cerrado and gallery forests of central brazil , from the tapaj\u00f3s river eastward to the states of maranh\u00e3o and piau\u00ed , and southward through western bahia and goi\u00e1s to minas gerais and mato grosso , and adjacent pantanal regions of easternmost bolivia and northeast paraguay ( forshaw , 1989 ; collar and juniper , 1992 ; sick , 1997 ) . today , it is extinct in most of its original distribution sites , and the remaining populations are markedly declining , due to trading and hunting ( collar and juniper , 1992 ; sick , 1997 ) . the total number of individuals has been estimated to be no more than 5000 ( collar and juniper , 1992 ; sick , 1997 ) . in 1987 , a . hyacinthinus was included in appendix i of cites ( convention for the international trade of endangered species ) , and in 1989 in the list of\ninstituto brasileiro do meio ambiente e dos recursos naturais\n- ibama ( brazilian institute of environment and natural resources ) as a species at risk for extinction ( sick , 1997 ) .\nthe treatment of species is as per jetz et al . ( 2012 ) and follows the birdlife v3 world list ( june 2010 , 9 , 895 extant species recognized ) . of birdlife v3 we did not recognize nine species ( anodorhynchus glaucus , gallinula pacifica , gallirallus lafresnayanus , oceanodroma macrodactyla , ophrysia superciliosa , rhodonessa caryophyllacea , siphonorhis americana , tadorna cristata , vanellus macropterus ) that are widely considered extinct and three ( heliangelus zusii , atlapetes blancae , upupa marginata ) that are considered not valid by most authorities ( resulting in 9 , 882 accepted species ) . in addition to birdlife v3 we recognize 111 species that are considered valid by the handbook of the birds of the world ( del hoyo et al . 1992 - 2011 ) and / or birds of the western palearctic ( cramp et al . 1978 - 1994 ) and / or birds of africa ( urban et al . 1986 - 2000 ) and that are also recognized by ioc world list v2 . 7 ( dec 29 , 2010 ) , resulting in a total of 9 , 993 recognized species . our species lists and taxonomic information is provided in table s2 . we updated the threat categories of the birdlife v3 list with the 2012 assessment data ( based on birdlife v5 ; 225 species changed threat status compared to 2010 ) . birdlife taxonomy v5 recognizes 9 , 935 extant species compared to 9 , 895 in v3 . 45 additional species not considered extinct were reviewed in birdlife v5 compared to v3 . of these 4 were new discoveries and 41 were splits from species in v3 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nstrigops ( f . ) gray , gr 1845 gen . birds 2 p . 426 pl . cv\nstrigops habroptila gray , gr 1845 gen . birds 2 p . 427 pl . cv\nnestor meridionalis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 333\nnestor meridionalis meridionalis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 333\nnestor meridionalis septentrionalis lorenz von liburnau , l 1896 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 46 p . 198\nnymphicus hollandicus ( kerr ) 1792 anim . kingd . [ kerr ] 1 pt2 p . 580\ncalyptorhynchus banksii banksii ( latham ) 1790 indexorn . 1 p . 107 concept nomenclature\ncalyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne schodde , saunders , da & homberger 1989 canberrabirdnotes 13 p . 120\ncalyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus gould 1843 pzs [\n1842\n] pt10 no . 117 p . 138\ncalyptorhynchus banksii naso gould 1837 pzs [\n1836\n] pt4 no . 46 p . 106\ncalyptorhynchus banksii samueli mathews 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 120\ncalyptorhynchus lathami ( temminck ) 1807 cat . syst . cab . orn . quad . p . 21\ncalyptorhynchus lathami erebus schodde & mason , ij 1993 emu 93 p . 156 - 166\ncalyptorhynchus lathami lathami ( temminck ) 1807 cat . syst . cab . orn . quad . p . 21\ncalyptorhynchus funereus ( shaw ) 1794 nat . misc . 6 pl . 186 , text\ncalyptorhynchus funereus funereus ( shaw ) 1794 nat . misc . 6 pl . 186 , text\ncalyptorhynchus funereus whiteae mathews 1912 australav . rec . 1 no . 2 p . 35\ncalyptorhynchus funereus xanthanotus gould 1838 syn . birdsaustr . pt4 app . p . 4\ncalyptorhynchus baudinii lear 1832 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt12 pl . 6\ncalyptorhynchus latirostris carnaby 1948 w . austral . nat . 1 p . 136 - 138\nprobosciger aterrimus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330\nprobosciger aterrimus aterrimus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330\nprobosciger aterrimus goliath ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 92\nprobosciger aterrimus macgillivrayi ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 261\ncallocephalon ( n . ) lesson 1837 j . navig . thet . esperance [ bougainville ] 2 p . 311 atlas pl . 39 , 40\ncallocephalon fimbriatum ( grant , j ) 1803 narr . voy . disc . news . wales pl . opp . p . 135\neolophus roseicapilla ( vieillot ) 1817 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 17 p . 12 nomenclature\neolophus roseicapilla kuhli ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 266\neolophus roseicapilla roseicapilla ( vieillot ) 1817 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 17 p . 12 nomenclature\nlophochroa leadbeateri ( vigors ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 6 p . 61 concept\nlophochroa leadbeateri leadbeateri ( vigors ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 6 p . 61 concept\nlophochroa leadbeateri mollis ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 265\ncacatua tenuirostris ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 88\ncacatua pastinator ( gould ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 95 p . 175\ncacatua pastinator derbyi ( mathews ) 1916 australav . rec . 3 p . 57\ncacatua pastinator pastinator ( gould ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 95 p . 175\ncacatua sanguinea gould 1843 pzs [\n1842\n] pt10 no . 117 p . 138\ncacatua sanguinea gymnopis sclater , pl 1871 pzs pt2 p . 490 , 493 , textfig .\ncacatua sanguinea normantoni ( mathews ) 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 211\ncacatua sanguinea sanguinea gould 1843 pzs [\n1842\n] pt10 no . 117 p . 138\ncacatua sanguinea westralensis ( mathews ) 1917 birdsaustr . [ mathews ] 6 pt2 p . 211\ncacatua goffiniana roselaar , cs & michels 2004 zool . verh . leiden 350 p . 186 nomenclature\ncacatua ducorpsii pucheran 1853 voy . polesudzool . 3 mamm . ois . p . 108 nomenclature\ncacatua galerita eleonora finsch 1863 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 1 p . xxi nomenclature\ncacatua galerita fitzroyi ( mathews ) 1912 novit . zool . 18 p . 264\ncacatua galerita triton temminck 1849 coup - d ' oeilposs . neerland . 3 p . 405 , note\ncacatua sulphurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330\ncacatua sulphurea abbotti ( oberholser ) 1917 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 54 no . 2232 p . 181\ncacatua sulphurea citrinocristata ( fraser ) 1844 pzs pt12 no . 132 p . 38\ncacatua sulphurea parvula ( bonaparte ) 1850 compt . rend . 30 p . 139\ncacatua sulphurea sulphurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 330\ncacatua moluccensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 331\npoicephalus gulielmi ( jardine ) 1849 contrib . orn . [ jardine ] p .\n64 - 14\npl . 28\npoicephalus gulielmi gulielmi ( jardine ) 1849 contrib . orn . [ jardine ] p .\n64 - 14\npl . 28\npoicephalus gulielmi massaicus fischer & reichenow 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 165 p . 179 nomenclature\npoicephalus flavifrons ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 126\npoicephalus fuscicollis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 93 systematics\npoicephalus fuscicollis fuscicollis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 93\npoicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus reichenow 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 2 p . 314\npoicephalus robustus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 344\npoicephalus meyeri ( cretzschmar ) 1827 atlasreis . nord . afr . vog . [ ruppell ] [\n1826\n] p . 18 pl . 11\npoicephalus meyeri damarensis neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501\npoicephalus meyeri matschiei neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501\npoicephalus meyeri meyeri ( cretzschmar ) 1827 atlasreis . nord . afr . vog . [ ruppell ] [\n1826\n] p . 18 pl . 11\npoicephalus meyeri reichenowi neumann 1898 j . orn . 46 no . 3 p . 501\npoicephalus meyeri transvaalensis neumann 1899 orn . monatsb . 7 no . 2 p . 25\npoicephalus rueppellii ( gray , gr ) 1849 pzs [\n1848\n] pt16 no . 188 p . 125 pl . 5\npoicephalus cryptoxanthus ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371\npoicephalus cryptoxanthus cryptoxanthus ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371\npoicephalus cryptoxanthus tanganyikae bowen 1930 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 82 p . 267\npoicephalus crassus ( sharpe ) 1884 j . linn . soc . londonzool . 17 p . 429\npoicephalus senegalus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149\npoicephalus senegalus senegalus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149\npoicephalus senegalus versteri finsch 1863 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 1 p . xvi\npoicephalus rufiventris ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 125\npoicephalus rufiventris rufiventris ( ruppell ) 1842 mus . senckenb . 3 no . 2 p . 125\ntouit ( m . ) gray , gr 1855 cat . gen . subgen . birds p . 89 nomenclature\ntouit huetii ( temminck ) 1830 pl . col . livr . 83 pl . 491\ntouit costaricensis ( cory ) 1913 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 283\ntouit dilectissimus ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1871 pzs [\n1870\n] pt3 p . 788 pl . 47 nomenclature\ntouit purpuratus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 350 nomenclature\ntouit purpuratus purpuratus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 350 nomenclature\ntouit purpuratus viridiceps chapman 1929 am . mus . novit . no . 380 p . 10\ntouit melanonotus ( wied - neuwied ) 1820 reisebrasil . 1 p . 275 nomenclature\ntouit surdus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 59 nomenclature\ntouit stictopterus ( sclater , pl ) 1862 pzs pt1 p . 112 pl . 11 nomenclature\npsilopsiagon aymara ( orbigny ) 1839 voy . am . merid . 2 p . 376 , note1\npsilopsiagon aurifrons ( lesson ) 1830 cent . zool . p . 63 pl . 18\npsilopsiagon aurifrons aurifrons ( lesson ) 1830 cent . zool . p . 63 pl . 18\npsilopsiagon aurifrons margaritae ( berlioz & dorst ) 1956 ois . rev . franceorn . ( n . s . ) 26 p . 85\npsilopsiagon aurifrons robertsi carriker 1933 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 85 p . 4\npsilopsiagon aurifrons rubrirostris ( burmeister ) 1860 j . orn . 8 no . 46 p . 243\nbolborhynchus lineola ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372\nbolborhynchus lineola lineola ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372\nbolborhynchus lineola tigrinus ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 144\nbolborhynchus orbygnesius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 63 , 64 nomenclature\nnannopsittaca panychlora ( salvin & godman ) 1883 ibis p . 211 pl . 9 fig . 1\nnannopsittaca dachilleae o ' neill , munn & franke 1991 auk 108 p . 225 , 226\nmyiopsitta monachus calita ( jardine & selby ) 1830 ill . orn . 2 pt6 pl . 82 , text [ p . 61 ]\nmyiopsitta monachus cotorra ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 362\nbrotogeris sanctithomae sanctithomae ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 81\nbrotogeris sanctithomae takatsukasae neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 442\nbrotogeris tirica ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 351\nbrotogeris chiriri ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 359\nbrotogeris chiriri behni neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 443\nbrotogeris chiriri chiriri ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 359\nbrotogeris pyrrhoptera ( latham ) 1802 suppl . ind . orn . p . xxii\nbrotogeris jugularis exsul todd 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 129\nbrotogeris jugularis jugularis ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 80\nbrotogeris cyanoptera ( pelzeln ) 1870 orn . brasil . abth . 3 p . 260 citation\nbrotogeris cyanoptera beniensis gyldenstolpe 1941 ark . zool . 33a no . 12 p . 9\nbrotogeris cyanoptera cyanoptera ( pelzeln ) 1870 orn . brasil . abth . 3 p . 260 citation\nbrotogeris chrysoptera ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149\nbrotogeris chrysoptera chrysoptera ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149\nbrotogeris chrysoptera solimoensis gyldenstolpe 1941 ark . zool . 33a no . 12 p . 10\nbrotogeris chrysoptera tenuifrons friedmann 1945 proc . biol . soc . wash . 58 p . 114\nbrotogeris chrysoptera tuipara ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 348\ntriclaria malachitacea ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 40 pl . 28\npyrilia haematotis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1860 pzs pt ( 28 ) 2 p . 300\npyrilia haematotis coccinicollaris ( lawrence ) 1862 ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 7 p . 475\npyrilia haematotis haematotis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1860 pzs pt ( 28 ) 2 p . 300\npyrilia pyrilia ( bonaparte ) 1853 compt . rend . 37 p . 807 , note\npyrilia pulchra ( berlepsch ) 1897 orn . monatsb . 5 no . 11 p . 175\npyrilia barrabandi ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 61\npyrilia barrabandi aurantiigena ( gyldenstolpe ) 1951 ark . zool . ( 2 ) 2 p . 14 , 67\npyrilia barrabandi barrabandi ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 61\npyrilia caica ( latham ) 1790 indexorn . 1 p . 128 no . 137\npyrilia aurantiocephala ( gaban - lima , r , raposo , ma & hofling , e ) 2002 auk 119 p . 815 , 816 systematics\npyrilia vulturina ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 62 systematics\nhapalopsittaca amazonina ( des murs ) 1845 rev . zool . 8 p . 207\nhapalopsittaca amazonina amazonina ( des murs ) 1845 rev . zool . 8 p . 207\nhapalopsittaca amazonina theresae ( hellmayr ) 1915 verh . orn . ges . bayern 12 heft3 p . 214\nhapalopsittaca amazonina velezi graves , gr & restrepo 1989 wilsonbull . 101 no . 3 p . 369 - 376 , front .\nhapalopsittaca fuertesi ( chapman ) 1912 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 31 p . 143\nhapalopsittaca melanotis melanotis ( lafresnaye ) 1847 rev . zool . 10 p . 67\nhapalopsittaca melanotis peruviana ( carriker ) 1932 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 83 [\n1931\n] p . 455\npionus sordidus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\npionus sordidus antelius todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 338\npionus sordidus corallinus bonaparte 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 148\npionus sordidus mindoensis chapman 1925 am . mus . novit . no . 187 p . 1\npionus sordidus ponsi aveledo & gines 1950 mem . soc . cien . nat . lasalle 10 no . 26 p . 60\npionus sordidus saturatus todd 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 81\npionus sordidus sordidus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\npionus maximiliani ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72\npionus maximiliani lacerus heine 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 166 p . 265\npionus maximiliani maximiliani ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72\npionus maximiliani melanoblepharus ribeiro 1920 rev . mus . paulista 12 pt2 p . 61\npionus maximiliani siy souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 155\npionus seniloides ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73\npionus menstruus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 148\npionus menstruus menstruus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 148\npionus menstruus reichenowi heine 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 166 p . 264 nomenclature\npionus menstruus rubrigularis cabanis 1881 j . orn . 29 no . 154 p . 222\npionus senilis ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 42 pl . 31 fig . 1\npionus chalcopterus ( fraser ) 1841 pzs [\n1840\n] pt8 no . 90 p . 59\ngraydidascalus brachyurus ( temminck & kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72\nalipiopsitta ( f . ) capparoz , r & pacheco 2006 rev . brasil . orn . 14 no . 2 p . 174\nalipiopsitta xanthops ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 39 pl . 26\namazona festiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101\namazona festiva bodini ( finsch ) 1873 pzs pt2 p . 569 pl . 49\namazona festiva festiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101\namazona vinacea ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 77\namazona tucumana ( cabanis ) 1885 j . orn . 33 no . 170 p . 221\namazona pretrei ( temminck ) 1830 pl . col . livr . 83 pl . 492\namazona agilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\namazona albifrons ( sparrman ) 1788 mus . carls . fasc . 3 no . 52 pl . 52\namazona albifrons albifrons ( sparrman ) 1788 mus . carls . fasc . 3 no . 52 pl . 52\namazona albifrons nana miller , w 1905 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 21 p . 349\namazona albifrons saltuensis nelson 1899 proc . biol . soc . wash . 13 p . 26\namazona collaria ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\namazona leucocephala ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100\namazona leucocephala bahamensis ( bryant , h ) 1867 proc . bostonsoc . nat . hist . 11 p . 65\namazona leucocephala hesterna bangs 1916 bull . mus . comp . zool . 60 p . 308\namazona leucocephala leucocephala ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100\namazona vittata gracilipes\u2020 ridgway 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106\namazona autumnalis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\namazona autumnalis autumnalis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\namazona autumnalis lilacina lesson 1844 echomondesav . ( 2 ) 11 no . 30 col . 394 concept\namazona autumnalis salvini ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 271 , 300 pl . 7 fig . 3 citation\namazona diadema ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 43 pl . 32\namazona viridigenalis ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 371\namazona xantholora ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 83\namazona dufresniana ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 513\namazona oratrix belizensis monroe , bl jr & howell , tr 1966 occ . pap . mus . zool . lsu no . 34 p . 18\namazona oratrix oratrix ridgway 1887 man . n . am . birds p . 587\namazona auropalliata ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135\namazona auropalliata auropalliata ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135\namazona auropalliata parvipes monroe , bl jr & howell , tr 1966 occ . pap . mus . zool . lsu no . 34 p . 8\namazona ochrocephala ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339 concept\namazona ochrocephala nattereri ( finsch ) 1865 j . orn . 12 [\n1864\n] no . 72 p . 411 citation\namazona ochrocephala ochrocephala ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339 concept\namazona ochrocephala panamensis ( cabanis ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 127 p . 349\namazona barbadensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339\namazona aestiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101\namazona aestiva aestiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101\namazona aestiva xanthopteryx ( berlepsch ) 1896 orn . monatsb . 4 no . 11 p . 173\namazona mercenarius ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 303 nomenclature\namazona mercenarius canipalliata ( cabanis ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 125 p . 105\namazona mercenarius mercenarius ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 303\namazona guatemalae virenticeps ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 269 , 280 citation\namazona kawalli grantsau & camargo 1989 rev . brasil . biol . 49 p . 1018 concept\namazona brasiliensis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\namazona amazonica ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 147\namazona guildingii ( vigors ) 1837 pzs [\n1836\n] pt4 no . 45 p . 80\nforpus ( m . ) boie , f 1858 j . orn . 6 no . 35 p . 363\nforpus modestus ( cabanis ) 1849 reisenbrit . - guiana [ schomburgk ] 3 p . 727 nomenclature\nforpus modestus modestus ( cabanis ) 1849 reisenbrit . - guiana [ schomburgk ] 3 p . 727 nomenclature\nforpus modestus sclateri ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 86\nforpus cyanopygius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157\nforpus cyanopygius cyanopygius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157\nforpus cyanopygius insularis ( ridgway ) 1888 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 10 p . 541\nforpus passerinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 103\nforpus passerinus cyanochlorus ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 31 concept\nforpus passerinus cyanophanes ( todd ) 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 81\nforpus passerinus deliciosus ( ridgway ) 1888 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 10 p . 533 , 545\nforpus passerinus passerinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 103\nforpus passerinus viridissimus ( lafresnaye ) 1848 rev . zool . 11 p . 172\nforpus spengeli ( hartlaub ) 1885 pzs pt3 no . 40 p . 614 pl . 38 fig . 1 nomenclature\nforpus xanthopterygius ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 38 pl . 34 fig . 1 nomenclature\nforpus xanthopterygius flavescens ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 241 , 248 citation\nforpus xanthopterygius flavissimus hellmayr 1929 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . zool . ser . 12 p . 446\nforpus xanthopterygius xanthopterygius ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 38 pl . 34 fig . 1\nforpus conspicillatus caucae ( chapman ) 1915 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 34 p . 383\nforpus conspicillatus conspicillatus ( lafresnaye ) 1848 rev . zool . 11 p . 172\nforpus conspicillatus metae borrero & hernandez - camacho 1961 noved . colomb . 1 no . 6 p . 431\nforpus xanthops ( salvin ) 1895 novit . zool . 2 p . 19 pl . 2 fig . 2\npionites ( m . ) heine 1890 nomen . mus . heine . orn . [ heine & reichenow ] p . 231\npionites melanocephalus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\npionites melanocephalus melanocephalus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\npionites melanocephalus pallidus ( berlepsch ) 1890 j . orn . 37 [\n1889\n] no . 187 p . 317 citation\npionites leucogaster ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 70\npionites leucogaster leucogaster ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 70\npionites leucogaster xanthomerius ( sclater , pl ) 1858 pzs [\n1857\n] pt25 no . 343 p . 266\npionites leucogaster xanthurus todd 1925 proc . biol . soc . wash . 38 p . 113\nderoptyus accipitrinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\nderoptyus accipitrinus accipitrinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102\npyrrhura ( f . ) bonaparte 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1 genus . 14\npyrrhura cruentata ( wied - neuwied ) 1820 reisebrasil . 1 p . 53 , 72\npyrrhura devillei ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73\npyrrhura frontalis ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 361\npyrrhura frontalis chiripepe ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 361\npyrrhura frontalis frontalis ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 361\npyrrhura lepida ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 642 concept\npyrrhura lepida anerythra neumann 1927 orn . monatsb . 35 no . 3 p . 89\npyrrhura lepida coerulescens neumann 1927 orn . monatsb . 35 no . 3 p . 89\npyrrhura lepida lepida ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 642 concept\npyrrhura perlata ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 35 pl . 20 concept\npyrrhura molinae ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73\npyrrhura molinae australis todd 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 82 citation\npyrrhura molinae flavoptera maijer , herzog , kessler , friggens & fjeldsa 1998 orn . neotrop . 9 p . 186\npyrrhura molinae hypoxantha ( salvadori & festa ) 1899 boll . mus . zool . anat . comp . torino\n15\n[ = 14 ] no . 363 p . 1 nomenclature\npyrrhura molinae molinae ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73\npyrrhura molinae phoenicura ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 26 concept\npyrrhura molinae restricta todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 333\npyrrhura leucotis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 21 nomenclature\npyrrhura picta caeruleiceps todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 337\npyrrhura picta picta ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75\npyrrhura picta subandina todd 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 6\npyrrhura emma salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 212 , 217 pl . 1 citation\npyrrhura amazonum lucida arndt 2008 papageien [ arndt ] 21 p . 278 , 279\npyrrhura amazonum snethlageae joseph & bates , jm 2002 orn . neotrop . 13 p . 354\npyrrhura lucianii ( deville ) 1851 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 3 p . 211\npyrrhura roseifrons ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 42\npyrrhura roseifrons roseifrons ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 42\npyrrhura roseifrons peruviana hocking , blake & joseph 2002 orn . neotrop . 13 p . 356\npyrrhura viridicata todd 1913 proc . biol . soc . wash . 26 p . 174\npyrrhura egregia ( sclater , pl ) 1881 ibis p . 130 pl . 4\npyrrhura egregia egregia ( sclater , pl ) 1881 ibis p . 130 pl . 4\npyrrhura egregia obscura zimmer & phelps , wh 1946 am . mus . novit . no . 1312 p . 1\npyrrhura melanura ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 36 pl . 22\npyrrhura melanura berlepschi salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 212 , 224 pl . 2 fig . 1 citation\npyrrhura melanura chapmani bond & meyer de schauensee 1940 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 92 p . 156\npyrrhura melanura melanura ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 36 pl . 22\npyrrhura melanura pacifica chapman 1915 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 34 p . 382\npyrrhura melanura souancei ( verreaux , j ) 1858 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 10 p . 437 pl . 12\npyrrhura orcesi ridgely & robbins 1988 wilsonbull . 100 no . 2 p . 174 , 175\npyrrhura albipectus chapman 1914 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 33 p . 319\npyrrhura rupicola rupicola ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 304\npyrrhura rupicola sandiae bond & meyer de schauensee 1944 not . nat . no . 138 p . 1\npyrrhura calliptera ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 72\npyrrhura hoematotis souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97\npyrrhura hoematotis hoematotis souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97\npyrrhura hoematotis immarginata zimmer & phelps 1944 am . mus . novit . no . 1270 p . 4\npyrrhura rhodocephala ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1871 pzs [\n1870\n] pt3 p . 787\npyrrhura hoffmanni ( cabanis ) 1861 sitz . ges . nat . freundeberlin [ no p . ]\npyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens bangs 1906 proc . biol . soc . wash . 19 p . 103\npyrrhura hoffmanni hoffmanni ( cabanis ) 1861 sitz . ges . nat . freundeberlin [ no p . ]\nenicognathus ( m . ) gray , gr 1840 listgen . birds p . 51\nenicognathus ferrugineus ferrugineus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75\nenicognathus ferrugineus minor ( chapman ) 1919 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 41 p . 323\nenicognathus leptorhynchus ( king ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 1 p . 14 concept\ncyanoliseus patagonus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 367\ncyanoliseus patagonus andinus dabbene & lillo 1913 an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenosaires 24 p . 188 pl . 10\ncyanoliseus patagonus patagonus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 367\nrhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha ( swainson ) 1827 philos . mag . n . s . 1 p . 439\nrhynchopsitta terrisi moore , rt 1947 proc . biol . soc . wash . 60 p . 27\neupsittula nana astec ( souance ) 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97\neupsittula nana nana ( vigors ) 1830 zool . j . 5 p . 273\neupsittula nana vicinalis bangs & penard , te 1919 bull . mus . comp . zool . 63 p . 24\neupsittula canicularis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula canicularis canicularis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula canicularis clarae ( moore , rt ) 1937 proc . biol . soc . wash . 50 p . 101\neupsittula canicularis eburnirostrum ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135\neupsittula aurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 329\neupsittula pertinax ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula pertinax aeruginosa ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula pertinax chrysogenys ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 72\neupsittula pertinax griseipecta ( meyer de schauensee ) 1950 not . nat . no . 221 p . 6\neupsittula pertinax lehmanni ( dugand ) 1943 caldasia 2 no . 7 p . 191\neupsittula pertinax margaritensis cory 1918 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . zool . ser . 13 pub . 197 p . 63\neupsittula pertinax ocularis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1865 pzs [\n1864\n] pt3 p . 367 citation\neupsittula pertinax paraensis ( sick ) 1959 j . orn . 100 p . 413\neupsittula pertinax pertinax ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98\neupsittula pertinax surinama ( zimmer & phelps , wh ) 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1511 p . 1\neupsittula pertinax tortugensis ( cory ) 1909 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 220\neupsittula pertinax venezuelae ( zimmer & phelps , wh ) 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1511 p . 6\neupsittula pertinax xanthogenia ( bonaparte ) 1850 consp . gen . av . 1 p . 1\neupsittula cactorum ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 82\neupsittula cactorum cactorum ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 82\neupsittula cactorum caixana ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 34 pl . 19 fig . 1\nconuropsis carolinensis\u2020 ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97 status\nconuropsis\u2020 carolinensis carolinensis\u2020 ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\nconuropsis\u2020 carolinensis ludoviciana\u2020 ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 347\naratinga weddellii ( deville ) 1851 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 3 p . 209\naratinga nenday ( vieillot ) 1823 tabl . encyc . meth . orn . 3 livr . 93 p . 1400\naratinga solstitialis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\naratinga maculata ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 74 nomenclature\naratinga jandaya ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 319\naratinga auricapillus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 20 nomenclature\naratinga auricapillus auricapillus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 20 nomenclature\naratinga auricapillus aurifrons spix 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 32 pl . 16 fig . 1\ncyanopsitta spixii ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 675\nprimolius couloni ( sclater , pl ) 1876 pzs pt1 p . 255 , fig .\nprimolius auricollis ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372\nprimolius maracana ( vieillot ) 1816 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 2 p . 260\nara ararauna ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96\nara militaris ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 139\nara militaris mexicanus ridgway 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106\nara militaris militaris ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 139\nara ambiguus ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 65\nara ambiguus ambiguus ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 65\nara ambiguus guayaquilensis chapman 1925 am . mus . novit . no . 205 p . 2\nara macao ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96\nara macao cyanopterus wiedenfeld 1995 orn . neotrop . 5 [\n1994\n] no . 2 p . 99 citation\nara macao macao ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96\nara chloropterus gray , gr 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 26 nomenclature\nara tricolor\u2020 ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 64 pl . 1 nomenclature\nara severus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\nleptosittaca ( f . ) berlepsch & stolzmann 1894 ibis p . 402 pl . 11\nognorhynchus icterotis ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 71\nguaruba guarouba ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 320 citation\ndiopsittaca nobilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\ndiopsittaca nobilis cumanensis ( lichtenstein ) 1823 verz . doubl . zool . mus . berlin p . 6\ndiopsittaca nobilis longipennis neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 441 citation\ndiopsittaca nobilis nobilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\nthectocercus acuticaudatus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 369\nthectocercus acuticaudatus acuticaudatus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 369\nthectocercus acuticaudatus haemorrhous ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 29 pl . 13\nthectocercus acuticaudatus neoxenus ( cory ) 1909 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 243\nthectocercus acuticaudatus neumanni ( blake & traylor ) 1947 fieldianazool . 31 no . 21 p . 166\npsittacara holochlorus ( sclater , pl ) 1859 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 4 p . 224\npsittacara holochlorus brewsteri ( nelson ) 1928 proc . biol . soc . wash . 41 p . 154\npsittacara holochlorus holochlorus ( sclater , pl ) 1859 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 4 p . 224\npsittacara brevipes ( lawrence ) 1871 ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 [\n1874\n] p . 14\npsittacara rubritorquis ( sclater , pl ) 1887 pzs [\n1886\n] pt4 no . 35 p . 539 pl . 56\npsittacara strenuus ( ridgway ) 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106\npsittacara wagleri ( gray , gr ) 1845 gen . birds 2 pl . cii\npsittacara wagleri transilis ( peters , jl ) 1927 proc . newengl . zool . cl . 9 p . 111\npsittacara wagleri wagleri ( gray , gr ) 1845 gen . birds 2 pl . cii\npsittacara frontatus ( cabanis ) 1846 faunaperuana [ tschudi ] orn . p . 272 , note\npsittacara frontatus frontatus ( cabanis ) 1846 faunaperuana [ tschudi ] orn . p . 272 , note\npsittacara frontatus minor ( carriker ) 1933 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 85 p . 3\npsittacara mitratus chlorogenys ( arndt ) 2006 j . orn . 147 p . 74\npsittacara mitratus mitratus ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 304\npsittacara mitratus tucumanus ( arndt ) 2006 j . orn . 147 p . 77\npsittacara erythrogenys lesson 1844 echomondesav . ( 2 ) 11 no . 34 col . 486 , 487\npsittacara leucophthalmus callogenys ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 171 , 188 citation\npsittacara leucophthalmus leucophthalmus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75\npsittacara leucophthalmus nicefori meyer de schauensee 1946 not . nat . no . 163 p . 2\npsittacara euops ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 638 pl . 24 fig . 2\npsittacara chloropterus souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 59\npsittacara maugei\u2020 souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 59\npsittrichas fulgidus ( lesson ) 1830 traitedorn . livr . 3 p . 181 citation\ncoracopsis vasa ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 528\ncoracopsis vasa comorensis ( peters , w ) 1854 ber . k . preuss . akad . wiss . berlin p . 371\ncoracopsis vasa drouhardi lavauden 1929 alauda 1 no . 4 & 5 p . 231\ncoracopsis vasa vasa ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 528\ncoracopsis nigra ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\ncoracopsis nigra libs bangs 1927 proc . newengl . zool . cl . 9 p . 83\ncoracopsis nigra nigra ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99\ncoracopsis nigra sibilans milne - edwards & oustalet 1885 compt . rend . 101 p . 220\nmicropsitta keiensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [\n1875\n] p . 984\nmicropsitta keiensis chloroxantha oberholser 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 126\nmicropsitta keiensis keiensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [\n1875\n] p . 984\nmicropsitta geelvinkiana ( schlegel ) 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 7\nmicropsitta geelvinkiana geelvinkiana ( schlegel ) 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 7\nmicropsitta geelvinkiana misoriensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 [\n1875\n] p . 909\nmicropsitta pusio ( sclater , pl ) 1866 pzs [\n1865\n] pt3 p . 620 pl . 35\nmicropsitta pusio beccarii ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 8 p . 396\nmicropsitta pusio harterti mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2\nmicropsitta pusio pusio ( sclater , pl ) 1866 pzs [\n1865\n] pt3 p . 620 pl . 35\nmicropsitta finschii ( ramsay , ep ) 1881 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 6 p . 180\nmicropsitta finschii finschii ( ramsay , ep ) 1881 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 6 p . 180\nmicropsitta finschii tristrami ( rothschild & hartert ) 1902 novit . zool . 9 p . 589\nmicropsitta finschii viridifrons ( rothschild & hartert ) 1899 orn . monatsb . 7 no . 9 p . 138\nmicropsitta bruijnii ( salvadori ) 1875 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 p . 715 , note , p . 753 , 907 pl . 21\nmicropsitta bruijnii bruijnii ( salvadori ) 1875 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 7 p . 715 , note , p . 753 , 907 pl . 21\nmicropsitta bruijnii pileata mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2\nmicropsitta bruijnii rosea mayr 1940 am . mus . novit . no . 1091 p . 2\npolytelis swainsonii ( desmarest ) 1826 dict . sci . nat . 39 p . 39\npolytelis anthopeplus ( lear ) 1831 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt8 pl . 29\npolytelis anthopeplus anthopeplus ( lear ) 1831 ill . psittac . [ lear ] pt8 pl . 29\nalisterus amboinensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 141\nalisterus amboinensis amboinensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 141\nalisterus amboinensis buruensis ( salvadori ) 1876 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 8 p . 371\nalisterus amboinensis dorsalis ( quoy & gaimard ) 1832 voy . astrolabezool . 1 [ 1830\n] p . 234 atlasois . pl . 21 fig . 3\nalisterus amboinensis hypophonius ( muller , s ) 1843 verh . nat . gesch . [ temminck ] land - volk . no . 6 p . 181 , note\nalisterus amboinensis sulaensis ( reichenow ) 1881 j . orn . 29 no . 154 p . 128\nalisterus chloropterus ( ramsay , ep ) 1879 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 3 pt3 p . 251\nalisterus chloropterus callopterus ( albertis & salvadori ) 1879 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 14 p . 29\nalisterus chloropterus chloropterus ( ramsay , ep ) 1879 proc . linn . soc . news . wales 3 pt3 p . 251\nalisterus chloropterus moszkowskii ( reichenow ) 1911 orn . monatsb . 19 p . 82\nalisterus scapularis ( lichtenstein ) 1816 zool . mus . univ . berlin p . 29\nalisterus scapularis minor mathews 1911 novit . zool . 18 no . 1 p . 23\nalisterus scapularis scapularis ( lichtenstein ) 1816 zool . mus . univ . berlin p . 29\naprosmictus jonquillaceus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 352\naprosmictus jonquillaceus jonquillaceus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 352\naprosmictus jonquillaceus wetterensis ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 481 , 484 citation\naprosmictus erythropterus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 343\naprosmictus erythropterus coccineopterus ( gould ) 1865 handb . birdsaustr . 2 p . 39\naprosmictus erythropterus erythropterus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 343\nprioniturus platurus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 314\nprioniturus platurus platurus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [\n1817\n] p . 314\nprioniturus waterstradti malindangensis mearns 1909 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 36 no . 1678 p . 437\nprioniturus platenae blasius , w 1888 braunschw . anz . no . 37 p . 335 author\nprioniturus flavicans cassin 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 373\nprioniturus discurus ( vieillot ) 1822 gal . ois . 1 p . 7 pl . 26\nprioniturus discurus discurus ( vieillot ) 1822 gal . ois . 1 p . 7 pl . 26\nprioniturus discurus whiteheadi salomonsen 1953 vidensk . medd . dansk . naturhist . for . 115 p . 224\neclectus roratus cornelia bonaparte 1850 compt . rend . 30 p . 135 , 136 citation\neclectus roratus macgillivrayi mathews 1913 australav . rec . 2 no . 4 p . 75\neclectus roratus polychloros ( scopoli ) 1786 del . flor . faun . insubr . 2 p . 87\neclectus roratus riedeli meyer , ab 1882 pzs [\n1881\n] pt4 p . 917\neclectus roratus roratus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 77\neclectus roratus solomonensis rothschild & hartert 1901 novit . zool . 8 no . 1 p . 82\neclectus roratus vosmaeri ( rothschild ) 1922 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 9 p . 412\neclectus roratus westermani\u2020 ( bonaparte ) 1850 consp . gen . av . 1 p . 4\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 103 pl . 21\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi aruensis ( gray , gr ) 1858 pzs pt26 no . 358 p . 183\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi cyanicollis ( muller , s ) 1841 verh . nat . gesch . [ temminck ] land - volk . no . 4 p . 108 , 182 , note\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi floresianus salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 400 , 406 citation\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi geoffroyi ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 103 pl . 21\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi jobiensis ( meyer , ab ) 1874 sitz . k . akad . wiss . wien 70 p . 225\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi minor neumann 1922 verh . orn . ges . bayern 15 heft2 p . 235\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi mysorensis ( meyer , ab ) 1874 sitz . k . akad . wiss . wien 70 p . 225\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi pucherani souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 218\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi rhodops ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 43 , 44\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi sudestiensis de vis 1890 annualrep . brit . newguinea ( 1888 - 1889 ) app . g p . 58\ngeoffroyus geoffroyi timorlaoensis meyer , ab 1884 sitz . abh . naturwiss . ges . isisdresden heft1 p . 15\ngeoffroyus simplex ( meyer , ab ) 1874 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 24 p . 39 citation\ngeoffroyus simplex buergersi neumann 1922 verh . orn . ges . bayern 15 heft2 p . 235\ngeoffroyus simplex simplex ( meyer , ab ) 1874 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 24 p . 39 citation\ngeoffroyus heteroclitus ( hombron & jacquinot ) 1841 ann . sci . nat . zool . ( 2 ) 16 p . 319\ngeoffroyus heteroclitus heteroclitus ( hombron & jacquinot ) 1841 ann . sci . nat . zool . ( 2 ) 16 p . 319\ngeoffroyus heteroclitus hyacinthinus mayr 1931 am . mus . novit . no . 486 p . 13\npsittinus cyanurus ( forster , jr ) 1795 faunulaindica . ed . 2 p . 6\npsittinus cyanurus abbotti richmond 1902 proc . biol . soc . wash . 15 p . 188\npsittinus cyanurus cyanurus ( forster , jr ) 1795 faunulaindica . ed . 2 p . 6\npsittinus cyanurus pontius oberholser 1912 smiths . misc . coll . 60 no . 7 p . 5\ntanygnathus megalorynchos hellmayri mayr 1944 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 83 p . 134 , 149\ntanygnathus megalorynchos sumbensis meyer , ab 1881 verh . k . k . zool . - bot . ges . wien 31 p . 762\ntanygnathus lucionensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 146\ntanygnathus lucionensis hybridus salomonsen 1952 vidensk . medd . dansk . naturhist . for . 114 p . 347\ntanygnathus lucionensis lucionensis ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 146\ntanygnathus lucionensis talautensis meyer , ab & wiglesworth 1895 abh . ber . mus . dresden 5 no . 9 p . 2\ntanygnathus sumatranus ( raffles ) 1822 trans . linn . soc . london ( 1 ) 13 p . 281\ntanygnathus sumatranus everetti tweeddale 1877 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 20 p . 533\ntanygnathus sumatranus freeri mcgregor 1910 philip . j . sci . 5 p . 108\ntanygnathus sumatranus sumatranus ( raffles ) 1822 trans . linn . soc . london ( 1 ) 13 p . 281\ntanygnathus gramineus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 338\npsittacula himalayana ( lesson ) 1831 voy . ind . orient . [ belanger ] zool . [\n1834\n] pt4 p . 239 citation\npsittacula roseata biswas 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1500 p . 4\npsittacula roseata juneae biswas 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1500 p . 5\npsittacula roseata roseata biswas 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1500 p . 4\npsittacula cyanocephala ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 141\npsittacula alexandri ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\npsittacula alexandri abbotti ( oberholser ) 1919 proc . biol . soc . wash . 32 p . 29\npsittacula alexandri alexandri ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97\npsittacula alexandri cala ( oberholser ) 1912 smiths . misc . coll . 60 no . 7 p . 4\npsittacula alexandri dammermani chasen & kloss 1932 bull . rafflesmus . no . 7 p . 8\npsittacula alexandri fasciata ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 74\npsittacula alexandri major ( richmond ) 1902 proc . biol . soc . wash . 15 p . 188\npsittacula alexandri perionca ( oberholser ) 1912 smiths . misc . coll . 60 no . 7 p . 4\npsittacula derbiana ( fraser ) 1852 pzs [\n1850\n] pt18 no . 216 p . 245 pl . 25\npsittacula longicauda defontainei chasen 1935 bull . rafflesmus . no . 9 [\n1934\n] p . 93 citation\npsittacula longicauda modesta ( fraser ) 1845 pzs pt13 no . 144 p . 16\npsittacula longicauda nicobarica ( gould ) 1857 birdsasia [ gould ] 6 pt9 pl . 13\npsittacula longicauda tytleri ( hume ) 1874 str . feath . 2 p . 454\npsittacula calthrapae ( blyth ) 1849 j . asiat . soc . bengal 18 pt2 p . 800\npsittacula eupatria ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 140\npsittacula eupatria avensis ( kloss ) 1917 j . nat . hist . soc . siam 2 no . 3 p . 219\npsittacula eupatria eupatria ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 140\npsittacula eupatria magnirostris ( ball ) 1872 j . asiat . soc . bengal 41 p . 278\npsittacula eupatria nipalensis ( hodgson ) 1836 as . res . 19 p . 177\npsittacula eupatria siamensis ( kloss ) 1917 j . nat . hist . soc . siam 2 no . 3 p . 219\npsittacula wardi\u2020 ( newton , e ) 1867 ibis p . 341 , note concept citation\npsittacula krameri borealis ( neumann ) 1915 orn . monatsb . 23 p . 178\npsittacula krameri krameri ( scopoli ) 1769 annusihist . - nat . p . 31\npsittacula krameri manillensis ( bechstein ) 1800 naturgesch . stubenthiereed . 2 1 p . 612 , note\npsittacula krameri parvirostris ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157\npsittacula eques echo ( newton , a & newton , e ) 1876 ibis p . 284 pl . 6\npsittacula caniceps ( blyth ) 1846 j . asiat . soc . bengal 15 p . 23\npsittacella brehmii schlegel 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 35 citation\npsittacella brehmii brehmii schlegel 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 35 citation\npsittacella brehmii harterti mayr 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft5 p . 702\npsittacella brehmii pallida meyer , ab 1886 zeitsch . ges . orn . 3 p . 3\npsittacella picta excelsa mayr & gilliard 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1524 p . 6\npsittacella modesta modesta schlegel 1871 nederl . tijdschr . dierk . 4 p . 36\npsittacella madaraszi meyer , ab 1886 zeitsch . ges . orn . 3 p . 4 pl . 1 fig . 1\npsittacella madaraszi huonensis mayr & rand 1935 am . mus . novit . no . 814 p . 4\npsittacella madaraszi madaraszi meyer , ab 1886 zeitsch . ges . orn . 3 p . 4 pl . 1 fig . 1\npsephotus haematonotus ( gould ) 1838 pzs [\n1837\n] pt5 no . 57 p . 88\npsephotus haematonotus caeruleus condon 1941 rec . s . austr . mus . 7 p . 141\npsephotus haematonotus haematonotus ( gould ) 1838 pzs [\n1837\n] pt5 no . 57 p . 88\nnorthiella haematogaster ( gould ) 1838 pzs [\n1837\n] pt5 no . 57 p . 89\nnorthiella haematogaster haematogaster ( gould ) 1838 pzs [\n1837\n] pt5 no . 57 p . 89\nnorthiella haematogaster haematorrhoa ( bonaparte ) 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1 col . 13 citation\nnorthiella haematogaster pallescens ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 563 citation\nnorthiella narethae ( white , hl ) 1921 emu 21 p . 81 pl . 12\npsephotellus chrysopterygius ( gould ) 1858 pzs [\n1857\n] pt25 no . 340 p . 220\npsephotellus pulcherrimus \u2020 ( gould ) 1845 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 15 p . 115\npurpureicephalus spurius ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 52\nplatycercus caledonicus ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 328\nplatycercus caledonicus brownii ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 56"]}
{"id": 278, "summary": [{"text": "ranularia tripa is a species of predatory sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family ranellidae , the triton snails , triton shells or tritons . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "ranularia tripa", "paragraphs": ["what type of species is ranularia tripa ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the ranularia tripa species belongs to .\nwhich photographers have photos of ranularia tripa species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species ranularia tripa .\nhow to identify ranularia tripa marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species ranularia tripa . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species ranularia tripa are marked in green .\nwhere is ranularia tripa found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species ranularia tripa can be found .\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : ranularia tripa ( j . b . p . a . lamarck , 1822 ) - id : 1710300370\n( of triton tripa lamarck , 1822 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\nbeu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nid : 274415 original name : cymatium _ tripum . jpg size 560x750 - 97667 bytes image manager : jan delsing directory : 1116 created : 2015 - 08 - 07 04 : 02 : 57 - user jan delsing last change : 2015 - 08 - 07 04 : 02 : 58 - user jan delsing url : urltoken text function : [ [ i : 274415 ; image ] ] , [ [ it : 274415 ] ] ( thumbnail )\n* image is also available in higher resolution : 274415 . jpg ( 1022x1367 - 289 kb ) .\nfor every image in gallery , either accepted or unconfirmed , you can add , change or verify determination ( identification ) , or write comments .\n- couleur de la bouche : rose chez r . encaustica , orange vif chez r . gutturnia\n- en vue apicale , il n ' y a que deux varices ( contre trois voire plus chez r . g . )\nce sp\u00e9cimen est cens\u00e9 provenir d ' australie , cependant je n ' ai pas trouv\u00e9 mention de cette localit\u00e9 dans la litt\u00e9rature ni sur internet .\nhabitat : specimens of c . pyrum are uncommon at depths of 20 to 28 m .\nce coquillage de la famille des ranelles mesure 97 mm et provient des philippines ."]}
{"id": 281, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia mustangata is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in afghanistan , northern pakistan , jammu & kashmir , northern india ( himachal pradesh ) and nepal .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it is found at altitudes between 2,100 and 4,300 meters .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "adults are variable in size , depth of colour , and the breadth of the transverse lines . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "eupithecia mustangata", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for mustangata definition . you find here mustangata meaning , synonyms of mustangata and images for mustangata copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word mustangata . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word mustangata and , of course , mustangata synonyms and on the right images related to the word mustangata .\neupithecia absinthiata clerck , 1759 = eupithecia coagulata guen\u00e9e in boisduval and guen\u00e9e , 1858 .\neupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .\neupithecia [ 1 ] er en sl\u00e6gt af sommerfugle som blev beskrevet af curtis i 1825 . eupithecia indg\u00e5r i familien m\u00e5lere .\neupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .\neupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90\u00b0 to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .\nnedenst\u00e5ende er en automatisk overs\u00e6ttelse af artiklen eupithecia fra den svenske wikipedia , udf\u00f8rt af gramtrans den 2015 - 10 - 10 08 : 25 : 20 . eventuelle \u00e6ndringer i den svenske original vil blive fanget igennem regelm\u00e6ssige genovers\u00e6ttelser . du har mulighed for at redigere overs\u00e6ttelsen til brug i den originale danske wikipedia .\nthe larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .\neupithecia - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nchinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .\nskinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .\nthis article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\ndenne artikel er blevet skabt af robotten lsjbot og kan blandt andet indeholde sproglige fejl eller et m\u00e6rkeligt valg af billeder . skabelonen kan fjernes efter kontrol af indholdet . flere robotskabte artikler med denne skabelon findes i kategorien robotskabte artikler . mist\u00e6nkte systematiske fejl kan anmeldes p\u00e5 wikipedia : robothj\u00e6lp .\ndenne artikel om m\u00e5lere er kun p\u00e5begyndt . du kan hj\u00e6lpe til ved at udvide den .\ndenne tekst er tilg\u00e6ngelig under creative commens attribute - sharealike - licensen ; yderligere betingelser kan v\u00e6re g\u00e6ldende se brugsbetingelserne for flere oplysninger . wikipedia\u00ae er et registreret varem\u00e6rke af wikimedia foundation , inc . , en almennyttig organisation . link removal"]}
{"id": 286, "summary": [{"text": "provoke ( foaled 1962 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and sire .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "in a career which lasted from autumn 1964 until september 1965 , he ran seven times and won four races .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "he won the classic st leger as a three-year-old in 1965 , defeating meadow court by ten lengths .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "he was later exported to stand as a stallion in the soviet union . ", "topic": 7}], "title": "provoke ( horse )", "paragraphs": ["reading about the three provoke movement photographers mentioned within provoke camera app will undoubtedly lead to other influential photographers . as a starting point :\nhorse and hound forums > horse & hound online forum > competing and training > can a change in saddle really provoke . . . . . . . . . .\nhorse trainers commonly use horse walkers for the purposes of forcing a horse to walk during a \u201ccool down\u201d period after a race in order to protect the horse from muscle stiffening and respiratory infections , training a horse and breaking a horse to harness or halter when the horse is young . traditionally , the horse walker was an exercise boy who led the horse by the reins . in more modern times , several types of mechanical devices have been developed to motivate a horse to move in a walking gait .\ncan a change in saddle really provoke . . . . . . . . . . [ archive ] - horse and hound forums\nanother object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical horse walker which does not pull a horse by a tether .\nanother problem with mechanical horse walkers of the existing art is that they do present a hazard to a horse , because a mechanical malfunction of a protective device , such as a slip clutch , may result in the horse being dragged by the horse walker .\nred storm webtoon \u2014 season 1 chapter 5 , baguna provoke is revealed to be yulian ' s father .\nyutaka takanashi \u2013 towards the city ( including a short history of the \u201cprovoke\u201d era ) , part 2 .\nview full version : can a change in saddle really provoke . . . . . . . . . .\nstill another object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical horse walker which does not restrict movement of a horse ' s head during use .\na further object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical horse walker which does not restrict movement of the horse to the length of a tether .\nthe mechanical horse walkers disclosed in the prior art teach the use a tether in which a horse is pulled in a circle by a rotating arm . this presents several problems . the mechanical force provided by the rotating arm pulling the horse ' s tether is sometimes inadequate impetus for a balking horse to keep moving . some of the existing art mechanical horse walkers have slip clutches or other devices to prevent injury to the horse . however , these devices do not provide any impetus to keep the horse moving except for a pull on the tether . thus , a balking race horse may injure himself by failing to keep walking after a race .\nhe was known as the voice of horse racing for his commentaries on bbc television .\nyet another problem of mechanical horse walkers of the existing art is , because they use a tether , they restrict the movement of the horse ' s head ; and restrict the horse to a narrow circular path , as limited by the length of the tether .\nsimple , elegant and easy to use , provoke camera does just one thing , produce black and white images with that gritty , grainy , blurry look reminiscent of the \u201cprovoke\u201d era of photography , and in two great formats ; square format 126 and 35mm format 135 .\nfig . 1 is an elevation view of a mechanical horse walker of the present invention .\nfig . 4 is a top view of the mechanical horse walker of the present invention .\nthe team at provoke have presented and delivered an online auction solution that has exceeded the company\u2019s expectations . thanks to the solution provoke has provided , it will be a relatively quick and easy process to launch new sites in markets further afield in the next three to five years .\n\u201clife after levels\u201d \u2013 the door is open come on in ! - the white horse federation .\nprovoke was a short lived japanese photography magazine from the late 1960s . it showcased abstracted images which were purposely grainy , blurry and out of focus .\n( f ) a circular fence to restrict the horse to an enclosure swept by said radial arms .\nunlike the story about the jew , the nobleman and the horse \u2013 this is not a joke .\nlosaw ( u . s . pat . no . 3 , 815 , 551 ) discloses a mechanical horse walker that is portable . curtis ( u . s . pat . no . 3 , 981 , 274 ) discloses a mechanical horse walker with a continuously variable transmission for preventing injury to a horse .\nprovoke camera gives the ability to select and lock individual focus and exposure points . it also includes an exposure adjustment slider . these images are intentionally high contrast .\ntaking the world of thoroughbred horse auctions to the internet , and taking new zealand horses to the world .\nbut the nobleman has not died , and neither has the horse . how will obama treat netanyahu now ?\nthe white horse federation , a company limited by guarantee registered in england and wales with company number 08075785 . registered office : plymouth street , swindon , wiltshire sn1 2lb . the white horse federation is an exempt charity .\n\u2026provoke was founded by takuma nakahira , his friend yutaka takanashi , critic koji taki ( 1928 - 2011 ) , and poet and critic takahiko okada ( 1939 - 1997 ) . the first issue began with the provoke manifesto , signed by the four founders and postulating the alienation of language and reality and identifying photography as the medium that was capable of conveying reality \u2013 even if \u201conly a fragment\u201d . for the provoke artists , the photographic image existed as \u201cprovocative documents of thought\u201d , transcending language and ideological baggage\u2026 5\nfig . 3 is an enlarged detail view of the portion of the mechanical horse walker near the electric motor .\neach horse was observed twice during two dressage training sessions of the performance test . in accordance with an earlier study\ni only know that because having recently acquired the specialist black and white app provoke camera and having read the blurb on the itunes store i was keen to learn more .\nthanks a million for introducing me to provoke camera app and the movement . i am already in love with the app and i am deeply inspired with the movement . .\nfig . 2 is an exploded elevation view of a central portion of the mechanical horse walker of the present invention .\n( f ) a circular fence to restrict the horse to an enclosure swept by said at least one radial arm .\nthe present invention is for a mechanical horse walker which provides an electrical stimulus to provoke forward movement of a horse . the mechanical horse walker has a plurality of radial arms connected to a vertical shaft at one end and has a grid assembly connected at the other end . the vertical shaft is connected to a vertical shaft support assembly . this assembly is supported by an apparatus support assembly and has the ability to rotate in a circular fashion due to a drive means . a bearing housing assembly provides the means for the vertical shaft assembly to rotate .\nyulian provoke , [ 1 ] also known as\nyoung glow\nis the main protagonist of the webtoon red storm . he is the first son and successor to pareia ' s glow baguna provoke [ 2 ] , as well as the only disciple of his master , chun myung hoon [ 3 ] . he is the founder and commander of the red storm military division .\nfor example , profughi ( u . s . pat . no . 3 , 773 , 018 ) discloses a horse walker apparatus having spokes connected to a rotating hub . a horse is tethered to a spoke and pulled along when the hub rotates .\ninteresting and \u201cprovokative\u201d article . sent me to do more research on the provoke movement , nakahira and takanashi influence on william klein . in fact , a photo app to record these convulsive times .\ni bookmarked this ages ago to read when i had a chance . i enjoyed learning more about the style of photography and have recently tried using the provoke app \u2013 i quite like it !\nevaluation of the breeding objectives for the trakehner horse breed by a contingent valuation method ( cv ) . in german ; english abstract\nprovoke ( saf ) br . m , 1961 { 13 - b } dp = 14 - 0 - 10 - 0 - 6 ( 30 ) di = 1 . 73 cd = 0 . 53\nas the 126 format film which partly inspired provoke was available in a 12 image length , i thought i\u2019d stick to 12 images showing what was happening during an early morning stroll around my local area .\nlist and description of observed behaviour patterns recorded in frequencies of occurrence in the horse and rider ( adapted from [ 9 ] ) .\naccordingly , it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a sufficient impetus to keep a horse moving in a forward direction .\nas generally shown in figs . 1 and 2 , the preferred embodiment of the each of the radial arms 100 is illustrated as having a shaft end 102 and a distal end 104 . the shaft end is attached to vertical shaft 90 . a grid assembly 110 is attached to distal end 104 . each radial arm 100 is spaced around vertical shaft 90 , and when placed in conjunction with inner fence 130 and outer fence 132 , creates a plurality of enclosures 130 . a horse 5 is positioned with an enclosure 130 . when walker 10 is activated , an electrical current is provided to each grid assembly 110 . if a grid assembly 110 comes in contact with the horse 5 , an electrical stimulus causes horse 5 to move in a forward direction . alternatively , if horse 5 is moved forward in a manner which is too fast , a forward grid 110 would provoke horse 5 to slow its speed .\nstunning photographs , paul . i had never heard of the provoke movement before this either , but now i find my interest in black and white photography has suddenly increased . i\u2019m off to check out the app now .\nmcgreevy pd , mclean an ( 2009 ) punishment in horse - training and the concept of ethical equitation . j vet behav 4 : 193\u2013197 .\nthe first assessment is that there is nothing to fear anymore from obama . true , the horse has not died , but it is limping badly .\nanother object of the present invention is to provide a sufficient impetus to keep a horse moving in a forward direction , wherein such impetus is by electrical stimulus .\nnew zealand bloodstock ( nzb ) is a company that has been a focal point of the new zealand horse racing industry since 1927 . nzb purchased gavelhouse . com , a classified listing site with a small but loyal following , but which lacked the technology to fulfil their vision of becoming an online auction house . nzb engaged provoke to see what solutions could be developed to enable the business to scale beyond new zealand .\nprovoke recommended a cloud - based solution with a custom - built auction engine . microsoft azure was used to drive the site because of its flexibility and scalability . nzb now offers sellers an option to sell a horse online at a much lower entry fee , eliminating risk and stress on both the purchasers and the horses themselves . regular fortnightly auction cycles provide vendors and buyers with more frequent trading opportunities compared to traditional auctions at karaka .\n\u2026not coincidentally , the magazine\u2019s subtitle read \u2018provocative documents for the sake of thought\u2019 . although moriyama was not among provoke\u2019s founders , and only contributed to the second and third issues , he remains the most memorable and influential of the photographers who participated in that experience\u2026 3\ng\u00f3recka - bruzda a , chruszczewski mh , jaworski z , golonka m , jezierski t ( 2011 ) looking for an ideal horse : rider preferences . anthrozo\u00f6s 24 : 379\u2013392 .\n\u2026a photographer of the bure , boke style . a member of the provoke group . an essayist and photography critic , a political activist , a photographer who talked too much , a photographer who lost his memory , a photographer who forgot his mother tongue , a legend\u2026 4\nhorse whispering\nis still not a concept i understand very well even after watching robert redford ' s adaptation of nicholas evans ' best - selling novel . i have a vague sense that the whisperer acts as a sort of shaman , speaking in hushed tones , moving as slowly and quietly as possible , and avoiding any gestures or behaviors that could disturb or provoke the horse in any conceivable way . if that assessment is fair , then redford appears to be a devout practitioner of the craft not only in his role as tom booker , soother of equines , but in his capacity as director of this project\u0097which is to say that\nhawson la , mclean an , mcgreevy pd ( 2010 ) variability of scores in the 2008 olympic dressage competition and implications for horse training and welfare . j vet behav 5 : 170\u2013176 .\nwarren - smith ak , curtis ra , greetham l , mcgreevy pd ( 2007 ) rein contact between horse and handler during specific equitation movements . appl anim behav sci 108 : 157\u2013169 .\nan animal walking apparatus having a plurality of rails where each rail is mounted at one end to a rotatable drive means and having a gate at its other end . an electric current is attached to each rail and its respective gate to provide stimulus to provoke an animal to move forward .\nhis policy is similar to that of his political mentor , yitzhak shamir . it is based on the jew who had to teach the polish nobleman\u2019s horse to read and to write within a year \u2013 otherwise the whole shtetel would be massacred . \u201ca year is a long time , \u201d he tried to soothe his weeping wife , \u201cwithin a year the horse or the nobleman will be dead . \u201d\nthe random horse * rider effect was significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) for mean and difference in rein tension , indicating that there are considerable differences between horse - rider pairs in the intensity and consistency of tension placed on the rein by the horse and / or the rider . similarly , the random rider effect was significant for the mean and difference in rein tension , indicating that rein tension is also considerably determined by the rider\u2019s riding style independent of the horse . mean , maximum and variance of rein tension differed highly significantly between testing stations ( p < 0 . 0001 ) ranging e . g . between a least square mean of 9 . 1\u00b11 . 6 n in one station and 18 . 9\u00b10 . 9 n and 21 . 7\u00b11 . 3 n in the other two stations (\nrepeatabilities of rein tension parameters were both at the horse * rider level as well as at the rider level within an acceptable range , but repeatabilities varied widely for the behaviour traits ( table 3 ) .\nmeasurement of heart rate appeared to be a useful method of quantitatively assessing fear and excitement in the horse . when 3 tranquillisers were assessed by this method , xylazine and azaperone were found to be more effective than acepromazine in the horse . the findings based on heart rate were supported by observations of the animals ' behaviour . xylazine was most consistently effective with absence of undesirable side - effects in all 4 horses .\n) for the behavioural and rein tension parameters at the rider as well as the horse - rider pair level . standard errors of repeatabilities were calculated based on the approximation described e . g . by roberds and strom\ncitation : k\u00f6nig von borstel u , gli\u00dfman c ( 2014 ) alternatives to conventional evaluation of rideability in horse performance tests : suitability of rein tension and behavioural parameters . plos one 9 ( 1 ) : e87285 . urltoken\nteegen r , edel c , thaller g ( 2008 ) evaluation of the breeding objectives for the trakehner horse breed by a contingent valuation method ( cv ) . in german ; english abstract . z\u00fcchtungskunde 80 : 99\u2013113 .\nfor most images a histogram 2 will show a concentration of black and very dark tones to the left and white and very light tones to the right . there will certainly be clipping meaning that some light and dark detail has been lost . this is the nature of high contrast photography and one element often present in the provoke style .\nthe electrical stimulus is provided by electrifying the vertical shaft support assembly , vertical shaft , radial arms and / or associated grids by an electrifying means . the electrifying means could include an electrical wire being in contact with either the vertical shaft support assembly , vertical shaft , radial arms and / or associated grids . when the radial arm comes into contact with a horse , the horse is motivated to move away from the radial arm in a circular motion .\nnobody enjoys a bit of grain and blur more than me so when the fog hit lincoln , i was keen to try the provoke camera app out . it has a number of film option varying in contrast , grain and blur . for my first outing i decided to play it safe and went with \u2018hpan high contrast\u2019 in the square format .\nk\u00f6nig von borstel u , pasing s , gauly m , christmann l ( 2013 ) status quo of the personality trait evaluation in horse breeding : judges\u2019 assessment of the situation and strategies for improvement . j vet behav 8 : 326\u2013334 .\nfrequencies per hour of riding of observed behaviour patterns as well as the type of data distribution assumed for analysis and the respective repeatabilities ( \u00b1se ) of behaviour and rein tension parameters considering either the horse - rider dyad or rider only as random factor .\npasing s , christmann l , gauly m , k\u00f6nig von borstel u ( 2011 ) analysis of the status quo of personality evaluation in german horse breeding . 62nd annual meeting of the european association for animal production 2011 ; stavanger , norway . 142 .\na big question mark is now hanging over obama\u2019s future . he is in danger of becoming a one - term president . from now on , he will be compelled to devote all his time and energy to his effort to get reelected . in such a situation , he cannot afford to provoke aipac and run the risk of losing the votes - and the money \u2013 of the jews .\nfor me our understanding of the child is now based not solely on statistical data but on a better understanding by gathering evidence or better still intelligence about the whole child . as i have said i don\u2019t presume to have any answers but part of this blog is to provoke debate , engage in a shared responsibility to better understand the child and the optimum amount they are capable of achieving .\njanssens s , schaerlaeckens s , vincentelli c , laevens h , dirk l , et al . ( 2010 ) can observed horse behaviours predict rideability scores in belgian warmblood stallions ? 44th international congress of the international society for applied ethology 2010 ; uppsala sweden . 207 .\nkuhnke s , dumbell l , gauly m , johnson jl , mcdonald k , et al . ( 2010 ) a comparison of rein tension of the rider\u2019s dominant and non - dominant hand and the influence of the horse\u2019s laterality . comp exerc phyiol 7 : 57\u201363 .\nin short , according to this assessment the clash between obama and netanyahu is inevitable . it will come to a head within two or three years , maximum . the nobleman will not die , nor will the horse . the question is whether the jew will survive .\nmiesner s , putz m , plewa m ( 2000 ) richtlinien f\u00fcr reiten und fahren , band 1 , grundausbildung f\u00fcr reiter und pferd [ guidelines for riding and driving , vol . 1 , basic training for horse and rider ] . warendorf , germany : fn verlag .\njanssens s , schaerlaeckens s , vincentelli c , laevens h , dirk l , et al . . ( 2010 ) can observed horse behaviours predict rideability scores in belgian warmblood stallions ? 44th international congress of the international society for applied ethology 2010 ; uppsala sweden . 207 .\nthat assures netanyahu two years of quiet . everything will remain frozen , except the settlements . they will grow . and in two years , with a new president in the white house , we shall see what we shall see . a new noblemen , a new horse .\nthe horse arches the back and jumps with both hind legs upwards . while lowering the head . the motion is not performed at the maximum possible power ( as in a complete buck ) such that horses\u2019 hind legs do not leave the ground simultaneously by more than 0 . 5 m\nthe random horse * rider effect was significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) for mean and difference in rein tension , indicating that there are considerable differences between horse - rider pairs in the intensity and consistency of tension placed on the rein by the horse and / or the rider . similarly , the random rider effect was significant for the mean and difference in rein tension , indicating that rein tension is also considerably determined by the rider\u2019s riding style independent of the horse . mean , maximum and variance of rein tension differed highly significantly between testing stations ( p < 0 . 0001 ) ranging e . g . between a least square mean of 9 . 1\u00b11 . 6 n in one station and 18 . 9\u00b10 . 9 n and 21 . 7\u00b11 . 3 n in the other two stations ( table 5 ) . horses that snorted had lower mean rein tensions than horses that did not snort ( p = 0 . 0074 ) , while rein tension increased as the performance test training progressed : there were lower ( p < 0 . 0001 ) rein tensions observed in the first compared to the second measurement ( table 5 ) .\nas generally shown in figs . 3 and 5 , an electrical stimulus is provided to horse walker 10 by electrical means 120 . electrical means 120 is able to connect to various parts of horse walker 10 in order to electrify the grid assemblies 110 . the preferred location to connect electrical means 120 is at lower circular bearing housing 44 . once electrical current is supplied to electrical means 120 , all the parts including the radial arms 100 and grid assemblies 110 above the lower circular bearing housing 44 would be electrified . another location , not shown , where electrical means is attached would be directly to each grid assembly 110 .\n, observations were taken live , and only one horse at a time was observed . in addition , the observed horse was equipped during both rides with a rein tension meter ( signal scribe , crafted technology , australia ) , and rein tension was recorded to the inbuilt data logger . before and after the full set of measurements per location , sensors of the rein tension device were calibrated using weights of 0 . 5 , 1 . 0 and 2 . 0 kg , and no creep was detected . official scores for all traits evaluated in the performance test were obtained from the testing stations after conclusion of the test .\neach horse was observed twice during two dressage training sessions of the performance test . in accordance with an earlier study [ 9 ] , the frequency of different behaviour patterns in both horse and rider were recorded per ride and converted on a per - hour - basis ( table 2 ) . in order to minimize subjectivity by introducing additional interpretations , behaviour patterns were recorded irrespective of their context . teeth - grinding was observed , but not included in the further analysis due to occurrence in just two horses . crabbing was likewise included in the ethogram , but no instances were observed . in contrast to the earlier study [ 9 ] , observations were taken live , and only one horse at a time was observed . in addition , the observed horse was equipped during both rides with a rein tension meter ( signal scribe , crafted technology , australia ) , and rein tension was recorded to the inbuilt data logger . before and after the full set of measurements per location , sensors of the rein tension device were calibrated using weights of 0 . 5 , 1 . 0 and 2 . 0 kg , and no creep was detected . official scores for all traits evaluated in the performance test were obtained from the testing stations after conclusion of the test .\nlast rode my horse on wednesday evening and on the whole , the schooling session wen well . day off yesterday due to he floods etc . had a saddle fitting this morning , i sat in some saddles then put them on the horse , went in to the school , walk , trot , ok , canter , just exploded , he seriously wanted me off , this happened in both left and right canter . swapped back to my old saddle , walk , trot ok , asked for rein canter and got it felt ok , but i was quite tense at this point . tried left rein canter , and again just exploded bucking and broncing and rearing , how i managed to stop on i really don ' t know . i was shaking when i got off , he has never never reacted like ths before , even with a sore and blocked back . abandoned the saddle fit , put a call in to my physio , but just mystified as to want he has done to provoke such a reaction . can a change in saddle cause such reactions , he clealy wasn ' t happy , although after the first explosion the saddle was checked and all should have been ok .\nthe film begins promisingly with a haunting montage in which grace maclean ( scarlett johansson ) , an adolescent girl as the greatest horse - worshippers are , takes an easy sunrise trot through the winter woods with her best friend . their respective animals have trouble climbing a steep , ice - covered hill , and suddenly a succession of terrifying mishaps has both girls and both horses sprawled in a heap on a snow - covered highway , where an oncoming tractor - trailer kills grace ' s friend , severely injures her right leg , and causes enough injury to pilgrim , grace ' s horse , that he bucks around wildly and takes on a permanent state of anxiety whenever anything , human or object , comes anywhere near him .\nthe present study is the first to report repeatabilities of rein tension and behavioural parameters assessed in the ridden horse both at the rider as well as the horse - rider level . repeatabilities for rein tension parameters and some , but not all behavioural parameters were remarkably high , and within similar ranges for horse - rider pairs as well as riders . however , the sample size of the present study was small , and it would be important to confirm the results in a larger sample of horses . repeatabilities for the rein tension parameters compare well to values for horses\u2019 reactivity in standardized temperament tests [ 12 ] as well as to performance parameters [ 32 ] , [ 33 ] . therefore , these moderately to highly repeatable traits potentially qualify for future , large - scale investigations such as are required for the estimation of genetic parameters . furthermore , considering both the comparably high repeatabilities of rein tensions parameters and the relation between rein tension parameters and rideability scores , results from the present study indicate that the evaluation of at least some aspects of rideability could be made more objective , if direct measures of rein tension were taken instead of subjective scores . however , rein tension parameters alone will not be sufficient as it is not possible based on the plain values to distinguish a desired , very light rein contact from horses\u2019 avoidance of rein contact ( i . e . the horse going \u201cbehind the bit\u201d ) . additional recording of the horses\u2019 behaviour and head posture will be indispensable for proper interpretation of the rein tension measurements .\noverall , the results of the present study confirm the insufficiencies of the present personality and rideability evaluation system in horse breeding . the vague definitions of very complex traits do not allow for objective and transparent evaluations . this is also reflected by a lack of associations between behaviour patterns that should , according to the guidelines , be related to rideability . defining a precise list of behaviour patterns whose frequencies can be counted or whose intensities can be measured is an important step towards an improvement of the situation . however , in order to assign meaning to such measurements the specific context of behaviour patterns may have to be considered , which is a limitation of the present study . although performance tests are intended to solely evaluate the animals\u2019 abilities , the present study supports common knowledge that riders considerably influence the horses\u2019 traits . these findings highlight the importance that the rider\u2019s actions need to be recorded , too . these record would allow for both evaluation of the horse\u2019s reaction to the rider\u2019s aids as well as statistical corrections for the influence of the rider\u2019s riding style when evaluating horse\u2019s rideability . ultimately such a revised evaluation system would allow breeders to make more informed decisions when selecting stallions for their mares based on rideability aspects .\nreferring to figs . 1 through 5 , mechanical horse walker 10 is generally illustrated by having plurality of radial arms 100 connected to a vertical shaft 90 . vertical shaft 90 is rotated in a circular fashion by vertical shaft support assembly 50 . vertical shaft support assembly 50 is supported by an apparatus support means 20 and is rotated by drive means assembly 70 . electrical stimulus is provided to vertical shaft support assembly 50 by electrical means 120 .\n2 . the mechanical horse walker of claim 1 , wherein said vertical shaft support assembly is defined as having a rotation ring assembly having a rotation ring and a rotation ring support assembly , said rotation ring having an edge with an outer surface and an inner surface , and a circular bearing means connected to said rotation ring support assembly and connected to said apparatus support assembly , wherein said vertical shaft is connected to said circular bearing means .\nwhen the pressure on israel gets stronger , one has to evade , obstruct , cheat . sooner or later the nobleman or the horse will die \u2013 and with some luck , both of them . the situation will change , the pressure will lessen , those who exert the pressure will disappear . a crisis somewhere else in the world will take people\u2019s minds off us . we shall win another year or two , and then we shall see .\n) expose the alternate perceptions and blindnesses of all three of the macleans . robert sees that his daughter needs a careful balance of affection and freedom to recover , but he doesn ' t understand anything about the deep connection she feels to pilgrim . grace , of course , considers the horse almost as a spiritual twin , and sees how their injuries , in mind and body , essentially mirrror one another ; she grasps that pilgrim should not have to live his life in such conditions , but is too depressed and cynical about her own loss , and perhaps too romantic in her identification with the horse , that she decides she may as well be put to sleep as well . for her part , annie perceives both the strength of the relationship between grace and pilgrim and the imminent collapse of grace ' s will to live , but she cannot set aside her own need to manage things long enough to let their recoveries transpire at the proper pace .\nrein tension data was processed with the manufacturer - specific software and later analyzed along with the behavioural data and scores from performance tests using sas ( version 9 . 2 ) . mean , maximum and variance of rein tension was calculated for each ride separately , but combined for the right and left rein , and in addition , the absolute and relative difference between left and right rein mean tension was calculated as a measure of asymmetry of the horse - rider pair . all data were tested for distribution using the procedure univariate . traits that did not resemble a normal distribution ( kolmogorov - smirnov : p < 0 . 01 ) were analysed assuming either a poisson distribution or , in the case of rare occurrences ( i . e . occurrences in less than 15 rides and no more than 3 occurrences per ride ) data were converted into binary data ( e . g . bucking / no bucking observed per ride ; see\nrein tension data was processed with the manufacturer - specific software and later analyzed along with the behavioural data and scores from performance tests using sas ( version 9 . 2 ) . mean , maximum and variance of rein tension was calculated for each ride separately , but combined for the right and left rein , and in addition , the absolute and relative difference between left and right rein mean tension was calculated as a measure of asymmetry of the horse - rider pair . all data were tested for distribution using the procedure univariate . traits that did not resemble a normal distribution ( kolmogorov - smirnov : p < 0 . 01 ) were analysed assuming either a poisson distribution or , in the case of rare occurrences ( i . e . occurrences in less than 15 rides and no more than 3 occurrences per ride ) data were converted into binary data ( e . g . bucking / no bucking observed per ride ; see table 3 ) .\nbower et al . 2012 reported two mtdna haplotypes in modern descendants of chelandry , one of which is the haplotype expected for family 1 .\nbut this guy . . . he was a punk with some potential .\nfrom a young age , yulian has been raised to lead . since childhood yulian has wanted vengeance for the death of his mother , he blames venersis - though the precise circumstances are unknown . it was his original goal for getting stronger and part of the reason that chun myung hoon trained him .\nwitnessing his father ' s strained negotiations with the continental kingdoms also led a young yulian to develop a military division strong enough to unite the entire red desert - this dream would later manifest as red storm . after his father ' s death , yulian has been named the glow of his tribe . [ 4 ]\nyulian , despite his age , has an immense reputation in the desert as well as continental kingdoms as a very talented warrior and a war god .\nyulian is a tall , well - built muscular man with black spiky hair , save for his two long ponytails that he seems to be growing constantly . he has black eyes . yulian ' s appearance goes through a series of changes throughout the series due to numerous time skips .\nat the beginning of the manhwa , as a 15 - year - old , yulian is rather small for his age . he has spiky black hair and two short ponytails . he has bandages around his arms and wields a great sword .\nlater yulian grows into a muscular and sizable man , his black hair is kept at a medium length and constantly spiky , save for two long ponytails that go past his waist . usually , yulian dresses in the simple and loose clothes of a warrior , but in certain important situations , he dresses in luxurious outfits reflective of his noble position . he still wields his great sword , as well as a short sword on occasion .\nred storm webtoon \u2014 season 1 chapter 1 , yulian ' s name , age , tribe and position revealed in his infobox .\ncan ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nbut newpapers to go on display for the first time reveal what a varied life sir peter o\u2019sullevan led .\nthe exhibition reveals his love of dogs and shows he was a highly successful punter at the racetrack .\n\u201cthe collection shows how he preserved every little detail of his life , right back to childhood . he was his own archivist .\namong the hundreds of items are paintings and sculptures by some of the country\u2019s most respected equestrian artists .\nbut more surprisingly it also documents how he was an anti - nazi agitator who had planned to stoke an uprising of workers against hitler with a leaflet addressed as a \u201cmessage to the german people from british workers\u201d .\nsir peter , who died last summer at the age of 97 , had planned to smuggle hundreds of copies of the leaflet into the country , by hiding them in a specially constructed secret compartment in his \u201csealing wax\u201d red morris coupe and distributing them clandestinely .\nit urges german workers not to take up arms against their british counterparts in the event of war and asks that readers pass it on to a friend when they have finished with it .\nthe labour party , to whom the then 21 - year - old wrote for advice , warned him the leafleting operation would be one of \u201cvery grave risk to you\u201d and that he alone would be responsible for his safety . but in the end sir peter\u2019s audacious plan had to be abandoned after travelling restrictions between britain and nazi germany came into force .\nsir peter\u2019s friend and fellow racing journalist , sean magee , to whom he entrusted the archive before his death , said : \u201cthe plan was really the mark of a very idealistic young man .\n\u201calthough sir peter became very much an establishment figure in later years \u2013 associated with the royal family \u2013 this idea of distributing anti - nazi leaflets shows him to have had an active political conscience during those tumultuous years . \u201d\nthe leaflet , along with many of the items in the archive , including a series of paintings from north africa , are to be exhibited at a london gallery , before being donated to the cox library of racing books for preservation .\nalso among the papers catalogued by mr magee is a letter from the chef albert roux , declaring sir peter\u2019s beloved miniature poodle , topolina , \u201ca welcome visitor of le gavroche and all other roux enterprises where she is re - nowned for her impeccable conduct\u201d .\nsir peter\u2019s love of betting , and his skill and luck at it , are illustrated by the sheaves of old betting vouchers he amassed over the years .\nwith them is a letter from william wood turf accountants closing his account , because they simply could not afford to keep taking his bets . the letter stated : \u201cafter three years during which you have won consistently , we shall have to give you best and ask you to bet elsewhere . you are too good for us ! \u201d\nhis style as a commentator was matchless in its laid - back delivery and understatement , combined with an ability to convey what he liked to call \u201ca bit of drama\u201d .\nthe archive also includes 51 scrapbooks in which he collected everything he had written during his long career as a racing journalist , along with dozens of meticulously prepared commentary cards and race meeting notes .\nthey include those for nijinsky\u2019s derby win in 1970 and red rum\u2019s landmark second grand national victory four years later .\nthere is also a copy of the script for sir peter\u2019s appearance on the morecambe and wise show , which confirmed his position \u2013 if confirmation were needed \u2013 as a national treasure , and a musical greeting specially composed by sir andrew lloyd webber to mark the commentator\u2019s retirement .\nmr magee said sir peter , who was brought up by his maternal grandparents , sir john and lady henry , at gatton park , near reigate in surrey , had been conscious of his own image from a very early age and deliberately amassed papers , documents and objects as a means of chronicling his life .\n\u201cthe collection shows how he preserved every little detail of his life , right back to childhood . he was his own archivist , \u201d mr magee said .\nthe exhibition of sir peter\u2019s archive is being held at the osborne studio gallery , in knightsbridge , from march 9 until april 1 .\nin less than 10 months of operation , 237 horses have sold via the site for up to nz $ 138 , 000 each , with a total of $ 2 million in thoroughbreds traded since launch . horses have been exported to australia , hong kong , singapore , malaysia , china , and tahiti . new zealand bloodstock now has plans to introduce urltoken into additional global markets , promising to increase the user base .\nto create new zealand bloodstock ' s auction website , microsoft technology including microsoft azure , webapps and webservices , signalr and visual studio were leveraged in conjunction with other technologies like angularjs .\nmost of these images are sooc 1 ( the tennis court image had a little straightening ) .\ni hope you enjoyed my iphone photography take on high contrast sooc black and white images . thank you for reading and i hope to see you again . please follow my facebook page to keep up to date not only on my articles but also on deals and updates on the apps i use .\nphotographers use this word as shorthand for \u201cstraight out of camera\u201d . this refers to not using photoshop or any image editing software as of yet . often used online and not in real life , to give quick information to other photographers .\nhistograms are a way to measure exposure more objectively for those who can\u2019t see very well . histograms don\u2019t replace your eyes and experience . histograms are helpful in sunlight where it\u2019s hard to see an lcd , or in the shop if setting something exactly . your eyes are always the final judge . a histogram is just a guide . worry about your image more than the histogram .\nthank you enrique , i like what you did there . can\u2019t get enough of this app at the moment . seem to be using it all the time .\nthanks for the tips , skip . i\u2019ve downloaded the app \u2013 looking forward to playing around with it tomorrow\nthank you venkatram , it\u2019s amazing what you can learn from app developers if you delve a little deeper . i hope you enjoy the app . for me , i\u2019ve always enjoyed black and white so not a massive leap .\nhi geri , it\u2019s an interesting style isn\u2019t it . the \u2018problem\u2019 is that in my amateur hands sometimes the images just look badly captured rather than artistic ! i\u2019m drawn to the high contrast film a lot though .\ni am curious what your thoughts on lenka app is ( especially the minimalist approach of it ) .\nnotify me of followup comments via e - mail . you can also subscribe without commenting .\nmodern grunge is an iphoneography app which applies tints , grunge and distress effects like no other . it allows grungy vignetted borders , rips and holes to reveal underlying ( or overlying ) textures . i prefer to use it delicately where its ability to \u2018stain\u2019 an image is impressive . preferred bespoke combinations can be saved for use in future images . highly recommended .\nlifeproof fre iphone 6 only waterproof case ( 4 . 7\u2033 version ) \u2013 retail packaging \u2013 black / black ( wireless phone accessory )\nmy go to iphoneography apps . i tend to share my more co . . .\nthis site is just gret . i ' ve looked these info a great deal and i view it that is good written , fast to comprehend . i congratulate you because of this article that i am going to tell to the people friends . i ask you to go to the urltoken page where each college student or learner can . . .\nhello , is anybody here interested in online job ? it is simple survey filling . even $ 10 per survey ( 10 minutes duration ) . if you are interested , send me e - mail to hansorloski [ @ ] gmail . com . . .\nstreamnation shut down its cloud media service on 8 march 2016 . . . .\ni hope you enjoy skipology . please follow to stay up to date with my latest news and tutorials .\nplease use / share - some rights reserved . noncommercial use . attribution required . copyright \u00a9 2011 - 2018 paul brown / skipology . | privacy policy .\nyes ! millie has definite princess and the pea syndrome . when we were trying saddles she made it very clear which ones she liked and didn ' t like - she absolutely expoded in the amerigo we tried ( even though it ' fitted ' well , she disagreed ) . after that , we put her back in the saddle she had preferred the most but she was too tight and reactive by then and that was the end of the saddle trying session .\nyes , my mare had me on the floor multiple times in one saddle fitting session , as she reacted that violently to saddles . she loved the saddle she has straight away , so unfortunately she had to have that one , although it was the most expensive one we tried ! : o\nthank you for your replies , the difference is that i am using a very old flair saddle and he goes nicely in it , the saddles that he reacted so violently too were made by the same people , albeit different models . i really don ' t know what to do , wait and see when the physio can come up and not ride him , or try him again tomorrow and see what happens . i will admit to not really wanting to get back on , think a drink before hand might help .\ni would possibly have him looked at , but it might be worth a couple of days off then try again gently in your own saddle . yeah i bought one of those self adjusting tree saddles thinking it would be great as its so lite ! there ' s your mistake - i ' ve not seen one in the flesh but the shape of the tree in photos and the whole concept make me : eek : , and fellow fitters who have seen them have slated them totally . i always say a new saddle shouldn ' t cost less than a wintec / tg type price , otherwise they are taking major shortcuts . and self adjusting trees . . . i ' ll bite my tongue .\nwel i popped him on the lunge with his sadde on and got canter on both reins without much argument , possibly not coming through on his left hind a s much as i would like , but certainly no objections to going forward . physio coming out to see him monday morning , just incase .\nyes , mine bronced for the first time in her life ever at a saddle fitting - it was a textbook fit , but she didn ' t like it . we discovered she only likes saddles with extra short tree points - a normal length tree point nearly gets me floored , daren ' t even put a saddle with long tree points on her back !\npowered by vbulletin\u00ae version 4 . 2 . 3 copyright \u00a9 2018 vbulletin solutions , inc . all rights reserved .\nlegal status ( the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion . google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed . )"]}
{"id": 291, "summary": [{"text": "xyloiulus is an extinct genus of millipede that lived during the late carboniferous which grew up to 2.25 inches ( 5.7 cm ) in length .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "fossils of the animal have been found in north america and europe .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the fossils are typically found in sigillarian stumps . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "xyloiulus", "paragraphs": ["heliminthomorph milliped ( spirobolida , xyloiulidae , xyloiulus ) adult , closeup of midbody region . north america , usa , utah . donor unknown .\nhelminthomorph milliped ( spirobolida , xyloiulidae , xyloiulus ? ) adult , closeup of anterior end . north america , usa , ? utah . donor unknown .\nxyloiulus bairdi pl - holotype . see : hoffman , richard l . 1963 . new genera and species of upper paleozoic diplopoda . journal of paleontology . v . 37 ( no . 1 ) : p . 167 - 174 .\nxyloiulus bairdi ; ypm ip 221085 ( holotype ) ; north america ; usa ; ohio ; jefferson county ; dump old diamond mine [ linton mine dump ] , w bank near mouth of yellow creek , & about . 5 mi s of yellow creek village ; donald baird\nxyloiulus bairdi ; ypm ip 221083 ( paratype ) ; north america ; usa ; ohio ; jefferson county ; dump old diamond mine [ linton mine dump ] , w bank near mouth of yellow creek , & about . 5 mi s of yellow creek village ; donald baird\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nfull reference : o . f . cook . 1895 . introductory note on the families of diplopoda , in the craspedosomatidae of north america . annals of the new york academy of sciences 9 : 1 - 9\nfull reference : j . w . dawson . 1860 . on a terrestrial mollusk , a chilognathous myriapod , and some new species of reptiles , from the coal - formation of nova scotia . quarterly journal of the geological society of london 16 : 268 - 277\nhoffman , r . l . ( 1963 ) . new genera and species of upper paleozoic diplopoda . journal of paleontology , 37 ( 1 ) : 167 - 174 page ( s ) : 171 [ details ]\nsee : hoffman , richard l . 1963 . new genera and species of upper paleozoic diplopoda . journal of paleontology . v . 37 ( no . 1 ) : p . 167 - 174 .\nnorth america ; usa ; ohio ; jefferson county ; dump old diamond mine [ linton mine dump ] , w bank near mouth of yellow creek , & about . 5 mi s of yellow creek village\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nadult lateral view of whole body . north america , usa , utah . donor unknown .\nadult closeup of caudal end . north america , usa , utah . donor unknown .\ndescription : the fossil history of millipedes dates back to the silurian , with some fossil burrows which may be attributed to millipedes having been found in the devonian . since millipedes live in habitats such as moist forest floors , fossilization is a very chancy occurrence . it is thought that they made the transition to fully terrestrial forms early in their evolutionary history . this one has some preserved legs in evidence . the genus was originally named xylobius , but was changed when that name was found to be preoccupied by a eucnemid beetle . the genus ( usually with the incorrect name attached ) was also found in north america and the czech republic ."]}
{"id": 298, "summary": [{"text": "paraclinus monophthalmus , known commonly as the one-eyed blenny , is a species of labrisomid blenny native to the pacific coast of central america where they occur in shallow waters with plentiful weed growth from costa rica to panama .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "this species can reach a length of 8.5 centimetres ( 3.3 in ) tl . ", "topic": 0}], "title": "paraclinus monophthalmus", "paragraphs": ["rosenblatt , r . h . and parr , t . d . , 1969 . , the pacific species of the clinid fish genus paraclinus . , copeia , 1969 ( 1 ) : 1 - 20 .\n( of auchenopterus monophthalmus g\u00fcnther , 1861 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ngland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) \u2013 australia\u2019s unique reptiles \u2013 including lizards and snakes \u2013 face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .\nthe value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .\na recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .\ngreek , para = the side of + greek , klinein , kline = sloping and bed , due to the four apophyses of sphenoid bone ( ref . 45335 )\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 8 . 5 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 11482 )\nallen , g . r . and d . r . robertson , 1994 . fishes of the tropical eastern pacific . university of hawaii press , honolulu . 332 p . ( ref . 11482 )\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00479 ( 0 . 00193 - 0 . 01186 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 2 . 87 - 3 . 31 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 7 \u00b10 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives\nresilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .\n: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\n: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\nthe webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license\nfroese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on image to enlarge .\ndorsal rays xxviii to xxx , 1 ; anal rays ii , 19 - 21 ; pectoral rays 11 - 14 ; lateral - line scales 36 - 40 ; a distinct spine on upper opercle ; cirri present on nostril , above eye , and on nape ; nape cirrus a narrow triangular flap ; gap between bases of dorsal spines 3 and 4 equal to or greater than distance between dorsal spines 1 and 3 ; first dorsal spine moderately elevated ; membrane between 3rd and 4th dorsal spines usually attached well below midpoint of 4th spine .\ngreyish with faint dark bars on side ; a black spot on upper part of gill cover ; dorsal fin with broad white margin and ocellus on rear half ; anal fin dark , with thin white margin .\nfowler , h . w . , 1944 . , results of the fifth george vanderbilt expedition ( 1941 ) ( bahamas , caribbean sea , panama , galapagos archipelago and mexican pacific islands ) . the fishes . , acad . nat . sci . philadel . , monographs , 6 : 57 - 529 .\ngalv\u00e1n - maga\u00f1a , f . , guti\u00e9rrez - s\u00e1nchez , f . , abitia - c\u00e1rdenas , l . a . , rodr\u00edguez - romero , j . , 2000 . , the distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the baja california sur lagoons . in aquatic ecosystems of mexico : status and scope . eds . m . manuwar , s . g . lawrence , i . f . manuwar & d . f . malley . ecovision world monograph series . , backhuys publishers : 383 - 398 .\ng\u00fcnther , a . , 1861 . , catalogue of the fishes in the british museum . catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the british museum . gobiidae . . . [ thru ] . . . notacanthi . , brithish museum ( natural history ) 3 : 1 - 586 .\ng\u00fcnther , a . , 1864 . , on some new species of central american fishes . , proc . zool . soc . london , 14 : 227 - 232 .\njordan , d . s . and evermann , b . w . , 1898 . , the fishes of north and middle america : a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish - like vertebrates found in the waters of north america , north of the isthmus of panama . part iii . , bull . u . s . nat . mus . , 47 : 2183 - 3136 .\njordan , d . s . and gilbert , c . h . , 1882 . , list of fishes now in the museum of yale college , collected by prof . frank h . bradley , at panama , with descriptions of three new species . , proc . u . s . nat . mus . , 5 : 620 - 632 .\njordan , d . s . and gilbert , c . h . , 1883 . , list of the fishes now in the museum of yale college , collected by prof . frank h . bradley at panama , with descriptions of three new species . , proc . u . s . nat . mus . , 5 ( 1882 ) : 620 - 632 .\njordan , d . s . , 1895 . , the fishes of sinaloa . , proceedings of the california academy of sciences ( series 2 ) , 5 : 377 - 514 .\nkendall , w . c . and radcliffe , l . , 1912 . , the shore fishes . reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical pacific , . . . by the u . s . fish commission steamer albatross , from october , 1904 , to march , 1905 , lieut . commander l . m . garret , u . s . n . , commanding . xxv . , mem . mus . comp . zool . , 35 ( 3 ) : 75 - 171 .\nlopez , m . i . and bussing , w . a . , 1982 . , lista provisional de los peces marinos de la costa rica . , revista de biologia tropical , 30 ( 1 ) : 5 - 26 .\nmeek , s . e . and hildebrand , s . f . , 1928 . , the marine fishes of panama . part iii . , field mus . nat . hist . , zool . ser . publ . , xv : 709 - 1045 .\ni thank ashley macdonald and john pickering , university of georgia , for technical support in building this page .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00479 ( 0 . 00193 - 0 . 01186 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 2 . 87 - 3 . 31 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref .\n) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nelongate , snout bluntly pointed ; cirri present on nostril , above eye ( branched ) , and on nape ( narrow triangular flap ) ; opercle with a distinct spiny projection ; dorsal fin xxviii - xxx , 1 , 1st spine < 10 % of sl , front 3 spines elevated then a deep notch before 4th spine , membrane between 3rd and 4th dorsal spines usually attached well below midpoint of 4th spine ; anal rays ii , 19 - 21 ; pectoral rays 11 - 14 ; pelvic i , 3 ; all fin rays unbranched ; lateral - line scales 36 - 40 ; no skin flaps on scales .\ngreyish to blackish ; with faint dark bars on side ; a black spot on upper part of gill cover ; dorsal fin with broad white margin and ocellus on rear half ; anal fin dark , with thin white margin ; tail fin clear , with black bar at base .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence ."]}
{"id": 302, "summary": [{"text": "talanga quadristigmalis is a species of moth of the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in papua new guinea .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it has a wingspan of 32 mm . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "talanga quadristigmalis", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for talanga definition . you find here talanga meaning , synonyms of talanga and images for talanga copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word talanga . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word talanga and , of course , talanga synonyms and on the right images related to the word talanga .\nhave a fact about talanga tolumnialis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for talanga tolumnialis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\n1907 : jan . - apr . [ pp . 1 - 446 ] - proceedings of the zoological society of london . - biodiversity heritage library\na list of moths of the family pyralidae collected by a . e . pratt in british new guinea in 1902 - 3 , with descriptions of new species\nzoological results of the third tanyanyika expedition , conducted by dr . w . a . cunnington , 1904 - 1905 . - report on the polyzoa\nzoological results of the third tanganyika expedition , conducted by dr . w . a . cunnington , 1904 - 1905 . - report on the brachyurous crustacea\n3 . the rudd exploration of south africa . - vii . list of mammals obtained by mr . grant at coguno , inhambane\n1 . on a small collection of fishes made in the eastern watershed of the transvaal b7 capt . g . e . bruce\n3 . notes upon the anatomy of a species of frog of the genus megalophrys , with references to other genera . of batrachia\n2 . the duke of bedford ' s zoological exploration in eastern asin . - iv . list of small mammals from the islands of saghalien and hokakaido\n3 . on some new species of earthworms of the family eudrilide belonging to the genera polytoreutcts , neumanniella , and eminoscolesae from mt . ruwenzori\nif you are generating a pdf of a journal article or book chapter , please feel free to enter the title and author information . the information you enter here will be stored in the downloaded file to assist you in managing your downloaded pdfs locally .\nthank you for your request . please wait for an email containing a link to download the pdf .\nsign up to receive the latest bhl news , content highlights , and promotions .\nbhl relies on donations to provide free pdf downloads and other services . help keep bhl free and open !\nthere was an issue with the request . please try again and if the problem persists , please send us feedback .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 3 / 3 / 2015 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhave a fact about talant duyshebaev ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for talant duyshebaev ? write it here to share it with the entire community ."]}
{"id": 304, "summary": [{"text": "the snake vine moth , ( plusiodonta coelonota ) , is a moth of the family noctuidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found from india , sri lanka , myanmar , andaman islands , australia , papua new guinea , to south and south-east asia . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "plusiodonta coelonota", "paragraphs": ["this research was inspired by the numerous papers of dr . b\u00e4nziger and his passion for\n. the authors thank the florida department of agriculture , division of plant industries , gainesville , fl , for the use of their sem facility and paul skelly for his assistance with the imaging equipment as well as branden apitz for assistance with sem formatting . roland hilgartner and harry fay kindly provided two adult feeding images ( fig .\ne , d ) . we also thank harald krenn for suggestions on an earlier review of this manuscript . this project was funded in part by nsf - ddig0807975 ( branham , zaspel ) and nsf - deb0531639 ( weller ) .\nb\u00e4nziger h ( 1969 ) a first record of fruit - piercing noctuid moths in europe . naturwissenschaften 56 : 218\nb\u00e4nziger h ( 1971a ) extension and coiling of the lepidopterous proboscis\u2014a new interpretation of the blood - pressure theory . mitt schweiz entomol ges 43 : 225\u2013239\nb\u00e4nziger h ( 1971b ) blood - sucking moths of malaya . fauna 1 : 3\u201316\nb\u00e4nziger h ( 1973 [ 1972 ] ) biologie der lacriphagen lepidopteren in thailand and malaya . rev suisse zool 79 : 1381\u20131469\nb\u00e4nziger h ( 1982 ) fruit - piercing moths ( lep . , noctuidae ) in thailand : a general survey and some new perspectives . mitt schweiz entomol ges 55 : 213\u2013240\nspecies and 2 subspecies ( lep . , noctuidae ) . mitt schweiz entomol ges 59 : 111\u2013138\nb\u00e4nziger h ( 1987 ) biological and taxonomic studies on immature and adult fruit - piercing moths in nepal , with reference to thailand . nat hist bull siam soc 35 : 1\u201317\nspp . ( lepidoptera , noctuidae ) in s and se asia . mitt schweiz entomol ges 62 : 215\u2013233\nb\u00e4nziger h ( 1992 ) remarkable new cases of moths drinking human tears in thailand ( lepidoptera : thyatiridae , sphingidae , notodontidae ) . nat hist bull siam soc 40 : 91\u2013102\n( noctuidae ) and notes on the feeding strategies of zoophilous and frugivorous adult lepidoptera . mitt schweiz entomol ges 80 : 271\u2013288\nbreitenbach w ( 1877 ) vorl\u00e4ufige mittheilung \u00fcber einige neue untersuchungen an schmetterlingsr\u00fcsseln . arch mikrosk anat 14 : 308\u2013317\nb\u00fcttiker w ( 1973 ) vorl\u00e4ufige beobachtungen an augenbesuchenden schmetterlingen in der elfenbeink\u00fcste . rev suisse zool 80 : 1\u201343\nb\u00fcttiker w , krenn hw , putterill j ( 1996 ) the proboscis of eye - frequenting and piercing lepidoptera . zoomorphology 116 : 77\u201383\nclerck ( lepidoptera , noctuidae , catocalinae ) . travaux et documents de l\u2019o . r . s . t . o . m . no . 71 , 322 pp\ndavis d ( 1986 ) a new family of monotrysian moths from austral south america ( lepidoptera : palaephatidae ) , with a phylogenetic review on the monotrysia . smithson contrib zool 434 : 1\u2013202\nevans he ( 1984 ) insect biology : a textbook of entomology . addison - wesley publishing co . , reading , p 436\n( hulster ) ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) : a scanning electron microscopic study . ann sci nat 16 : 121\u2013136\nfibiger m , lafontaine d ( 2005 ) a review of the higher classification of the noctuoidea ( lepidoptera ) with special reference to the holarctic fauna . esperiana 11 : 7\u201393\ngoater b , ronkay l , fibiger m ( 2003 ) catocalinae and plusiinae . noctuidae europeae , vol 10 . entomological press , sor\u00f8\ngrimaldi d , engel ms ( 2005 ) evolution of the insects . cambridge univ . press , cambridge , p 755\nhattori i ( 1969 ) fruit - piercing moths in japan . jpn agric res ( quarterly ) 4 : 32\u201336\nheppner jb , lamas g ( 1982 ) acronyms for world museum collections of insects , with an emphasis on neotropical lepidoptera . bull entomol soc am 28 : 305\u2013315\nhilgartner r , raoilison m , b\u00fcttiker w , lees dc , krenn hw ( 2007 ) malagasy birds as hosts for eye - frequenting moths . biol lett 3 ( 2 ) : 117\u2013120 . doi :\nholloway jd ( 2005 ) the moths of borneo , parts 15 & 16 ( noctuidae : catocalinae ) , subfamilies euteliinae , stictopterinae , plusiinae , pantheinae . malay nat j 58 : 1\u2013529\nholloway jd , kibby g , peggie d ( 2001 [ 2000 ] ) the families of malesian moths and butterflies . in : fauna malesiana handbook , vol 3 . brill , leiden\njack rw ( 1922 ) insect pests of fruits other than citrus in southern rhodesia . rhod agr j 19 : 569\u2013582\nkitching ij , rawlins je ( 1998 ) superfamily noctuoidea . in kristensen np ( ed ) handbuch der zoologie 4 ( arthropoda ) , ( 2 ) insecta , ( 35 ) lepidoptera . moths and butterflies , vol 1 : evolution , systematics and biogeography . 351\u2013401 . walter de gruyter , berlin , pp x + 494\nkrenn hw ( 1990 ) functional morphology and movements of the proboscis of lepidoptera ( insecta ) . zoomorphology 110 : 105\u2013114\nkrenn hw ( 1997 ) proboscis assembly in lepidoptera - a once in a lifetime sequence of events . eur j entomol 94 : 495\u2013501\n( lepidoptera : nymphalidae ) - functional morphology and significance in flower - probing . zoomorphology 118 : 23\u201330\nkrenn hw ( 2010 ) feeding mechanisms of adult lepidoptera : structure , function , and evolution of the mouthparts . annu rev entomol 55 : 307\u2013327\nkrenn hw , kristensen np ( 2000 ) early evolution of the proboscis of lepidoptera ( insecta ) : external morphology of the galea in basal glossatan moth lineages , with remarks on the origin of the pilfers . zool anz 239 : 179\u2013196\nkrenn hw , m\u00fchlberger n ( 2002 ) groundplan anatomy of the proboscis of butterflies ( lepidoptera : papilionoidea ) . zool anz 241 : 369\u2013380\nbutterflies ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae ) : a search for anatomical adaptations to pollen - feeding behavior . int j insect morphol embryol 27 : 301\u2013309\nkrenn hw , zulka kp , gatschnegg t ( 2001 ) proboscis morphology and food preferences in nymphalidae ( lepidoptera : papilionoidea ) . j zool ( lond ) 253 : 17\u201326\nkristensen np ( 1968 ) the morphology and functional evolution of the mouthparts in adult lepidoptera . opusc entomol 33 : 1\u2013295\nkristensen np ( 1984 ) studies on the morphology and systematics of primitive lepidoptera ( insecta ) . steenstrupia 10 : 141\u2013191\nkristensen np , nielsen es ( 1981 ) intrinsic proboscis musculature in nonditrysian lepidoptera - glossata : structure and phylogenetic significance . entomol scand suppl 15 : 299\u2013304\nk\u00fcnckel j ( 1875 ) les l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res \u00e0 trompe perforante , destructeurs des oranges ( ophid\u00e8res ) . c r assoc anat 81 : 397\u2013400\nnielsen es , kristensen np ( 1996 ) the australian moth family lophocoronidae and the basal phylogeny of the lepidoptera - glossata . invertebr taxon 10 : 1192\u20131302\nnorris mj ( 1935 ) the feeding habits of the adult lepidoptera heteroneura . trans r entomol soc lond 85 : 61\u201390\nquammen d ( 1985 ) avatars of the soul in malaya , pp 47\u201352 . in : natural acts : a sidelong view of science and nature . nick lyons books , ny , 221 pp\nramakrishna ayyar tv ( 1944 ) notes on some fruit - sucking moths of the decan . indian j entomol 5 : 29\u201333\nspeidel w , fanger h , naumann cm ( 1996 ) the surface microstructure of the noctuid proboscis ( lepidoptera : noctuidae ) . zool anz 234 : 307\u2013315\nh\u00fcbner ( lepidoptera : noctuidae ) . technical bulletin no . 1201 , agriculture research service united states department of agriculture , washington d . c .\nyoon jk , lee dk ( 1974 ) survey of fruit - piercing moths in korea ( 1 ) species of the fruit - piercing moths and their damage . kor j plant protect 13 : 217\u2013225\nzaspel jm ( 2008a ) skin - piercing and blood - feeding moths . in : capinera jl ( ed ) encyclopedia of entomology , 2nd edn . kluwer academic publishers , dordrecht , pp 3383\u20133386\nzaspel jm ( 2008b ) systematics , biology , and behavior of fruit - piercing and blood - feeding moths in the subfamily calpinae ( lepidoptera : noctuidae ) . ph . d . dissertation , university of florida , gainesville\nzaspel jm , branham ma ( 2008 ) world checklist of tribe calpini ( lepidoptera : noctuidae : calpinae ) . insecta mundi 0047 : 1\u201315\nzaspel jm , kononenko vs , goldstein pz ( 2007 ) another blood feeder ? experimental feeding by a fruit - piercing moth on human blood in the primorye region of far eastern russia . j insect behav 20 : 437\u2013451\nthese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .\ni am grateful to roberto zucchi for the opportunity to learn a little about trichogramma species in order to prepare this chapter . john pinto kindly corrected a large number of important errors in an earlier draft . without access to john noyes\u2019 universal chalcidoidea database i would never have attempted this summary . the ucd is a resource that has empowered chalcid taxonomists globally .\n( lepidoptera : lasiocampidae ) , with some data on its bionomics . eur j entomol 94 : 301\u2013306\nspp . ( hym . : trichogrammmatidae ) , egg parasites of important lepidoptera pests of fruit trees and their distribution in ankara . bitki koruma b\u00fclteni 29 : 19\u201346\n( hym . : trichogrammatidae ) in tomato greenhouses of spain . integrated control in protected crops , mediterranean climate . iobc / wprs bull 49 : 225\u2013230\nwestwood ( hymenoptera : trichogrammmatidae ) from taiwan . plant protect bull 38 : 143\u2013148\ncock mjw ( 1985 ) ( ed ) a review of biological control of pests in the commonwealth caribbean and bermuda up to 1982 . tech commun , commonw inst biolo control 9 : 1\u2013218\n( hymenoptera , trichogrammmatidae ) , new for the fauna of england . vestnik zoologii 34 : 07\u2013113\ngirault aa ( 1912 ) on the identity of the most common species of the family trichogrammmatidae ( hymenoptera ) . bull wisconsin nat history soc 9 ( 4 ) : 135\u2013165\n( hymenoptera : trichogrammmatidae ) with descriptions of three new species . appl entomol zool 41 : 258\u2013265\n( hymenoptera : trichogrammmatidae ) from the ryukyu islands , japan . proceedings of the entomol soc washington 107 : 782\u2013788\n( swinhoe ) ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) in south africa . african entomol 2 : 67\u201368\n( hymenoptera trichogrammmatidae ) in bulgaria with description of a new species . acta zool bulgarica 35 : 78\u201382\nkastadinov ( hymenoptera , lin , nq ( 1987 ) systematic studies of trichogrammmatidae , i . on the species of\nlandry bs , dextraze l , boivin g ( 1993 ) random amplified polymorphic dna markers for dna fingerprinting and genetic variability assessment of minute parasitic wasp species ( hymenoptera : mymaridae and trichogrammatidae ) used in biological control programs of phytophagous insects . genome 36 : 580\u2013587\nlin nq ( 1994 ) systematic studies of chinese trichogrammmatidae . contributions of the biological control research institute , fujian agricultural university . special publication no 4 : 362 pp . chongqing publishing house , chongqing , china ( chinese with english summary )\n( hym . , trichogrammmatidae ) , showing the importance of the male genitalia as a diagnostic character . bull entomol res 61 : 13\u201331\n: one of the best known species of parasitic hymenoptera , or is it ? abstracts . antonie van leeuwenhoek symposium . 7th european workshop on insect parasitoids , 1\u20136 october 2000 , teylers museum , haarlem , the netherlands . wageningen university , the netherlands\ngirault ( hymenoptera : trichogrammmatidae ) : redescription and lectotype deignation . pan\u2013pacific entomol 58 : 48\u201352\npintureau b ( 1990 ) polymorphisme , biogeographie et specificite parasitaire des trichogrammes europeens . bulletin de la societe entomologique de france 95 : 17\u201338\npintureau b ( 2008 ) les esp\u00e8ces europ\u00e9ens des trichogrammes . in libro veritas . 1\u201395\npintureau b , keita fb ( 1989 ) new esterases of the trichogrammmatidae ( hymenoptera , trichogrammmatidae ) . biochem systemat ecol 17 : 603\u2013608\nwestw . ( hymenoptera , trichogrammmatidae ) from the ussr . entomologicheskoe obozrenie 63 : 152\u2013165\nwestw . ( hymenoptera , trichogrammmatidae ) of the ussr fauna with notes on synonymy . entomol obozrenie 70 : 183\u2013195\nwestw . ( hymenoptera , trichogrammmatidae ) of the world . kolos , moscow , 77 pp\n( hymenoptera , trichogrammmatidae ) from central asia . zoologicheskiy zhurnal 72 ( 3 ) : 149\u2013152 [ 1993 : entomol rev washington 72 ( 7 ) : 136\u2013138\nstouthamer r , luck rf , hamilton wd ( 1990a ) antibiotics cause parthenogenetic trichogramma ( hymenoptera ; trichogrammatidae ) to revert to sex . proc natl acad sci usa 87 : 2424\u20132427\nstouthamer r , pinto jd , platner gr , luck rf ( 1990b ) taxonomic status of thelytokous forms of trichogramma ( hymenoptera : trichogrammatidae ) . entomol soc am 83 : 475 - 481\n( hymenoptera , chalcidoidea ) from middle asia and altai . zool z 55 : 777\u2013779\nviggiani g ( 1976 ) ricerche sugli hymenoptera chalcidoidea xlix . trichogramma confusum n . sp . per t . australicum nagarkatti et nagaraja ( 1968 ) , nec girault ( 1912 ) , con note su trichogrammatoidea girault e descrizione di paratrichogramma heliothidis n . sp . . bollettino del laboratorio di entomologia agraria \u2018filippo silvestri\u2019 , portici . 23 : 182\u2013187\nwestwood ( hymenoptera : trichogrammmatidae ) , con un commento sullo stato della tassonomia del genere . bollettino del laboratorio di entomologia agraria filippo silvestri 46 : 107\u2013124\nwestwood jo ( 1833 ) descriptions of several new british forms amongst the parasitic hymenopterous insects . philos mag 3 : 443\u2013445\nyousuf m , shafee sa ( 1988 ) taxonomy of indian trichogrammmatidae ( hymenoptera : chalcidoidea ) . indian j syst entomol 4 : 55\u2013200\nin eurasia . in : consoli f . , parra j . , zucchi r . ( eds ) egg parasitoids in agroecosystems with emphasis on trichogramma . progress in biological control , vol 9 . springer , dordrecht\ncheck lists for individual taxa that live here , e . g .\nbirds of alawwa\n.\nfile should be in the following format : taxon name , description , occurrence status , establishment means . csv should not contain a header row . allowed occurrence status values : present , common , uncommon , irregular , doubtful , absent allowed establish means values : native , endemic , introduced"]}
{"id": 308, "summary": [{"text": "xenolechia ontariensis is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from manitoba to texas , as well as arizona and possibly california .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 12 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are similar to xenolechia querciphaga , but the ground colour is whitish-grey and the overlying wing colour is distinctly browner .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from april to july . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "xenolechia ontariensis", "paragraphs": ["xenolechia ontariensis keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 359\nsupported as 1878 xenolechia ontariensis by dna barcoding , bold lpoke609 - 12 this specimen is shown here : bold : aac6357 found at uv light near pond in wooded area of a flood plain .\nxenolechia querciphaga keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 358\nxenolechia lindae huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 98 , 29 ; tl : hellas , lakonia 7km sw monemvasia\nxenolechia pseudovulgella huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 97 , 29 ; tl : hellas , lakonia 5km s . monemvasia\nxenolechia ceanothiae priest , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 103 ; tl : michigan , preque isle co .\nxenolechia velatella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 90 ; tl : arizona , williams\nxenolechia pseudovulgella ; [ nhm card ] ; lee & brown , 2008 , zootaxa 1818 : 55 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 171 ; [ fe ]\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on image to enlarge .\nthis gallery shows my live photos alongside their amazing high definition genitalia pictures of gelechiidae moths courtesy of dr . tony thomas of new brunswick .\n1787 \u0096 white - edged coleotechnites moth \u0096 coleotechnites albicostata img _ 5681 . jpg\n1852 \u0096 ten - spotted honeysuckle moth \u0096 athrips mouffetella img _ 5743 . jpg\n1852 - ten - spotted honeysuckle moth - athrips mouffetella img _ 6118 . jpg\n1881 \u0096 crepuscular rock - rose moth \u0096 neotelphusa sequax img _ 5591 . jpg\n2288 \u0096 many - spotted dichomeris moth \u0096 dichomeris punctipennella img _ 5205 . jpg\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nphotographed in toronto , ontario on 17 june 2015 . photograph \u00a9 david beadle .\nphotographed in toronto , ontario on 19 june 2014 . photograph \u00a9 david beadle .\nmarsh fern moth ( fagitana littera ) . photographed at portage lake , parry sound district , ontario on 5 july 2015 . \u00a9 david beadle .\nnaf , seu , ceu , turkey , . . . . , texas . see [ maps ]\ngelechia ( poecilia ? ) basistrigella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 270 ; tl : texas\nlarva on ceanothus americanus , ceanothus herbaceus adamski , landry , nazari & priest , 2014 , j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 109\nrecurvaria ceanothiella braun , 1921 ; ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 10 ; tl : dutch flat , placer co . , california\nlarva on ceanothus divaricatus braun , 1921 , ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 11\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nzeller , 1873 beitr\u00e4ge zur kenntniss der nordamerikanischen nachtf\u00e4lter , besonders der microlepidopteren ( 2 ) verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 201 - 334 , pl . 3 - 4\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome ."]}
{"id": 309, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia matheri is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in connecticut , new york , new jersey , pennsylvania , virginia , north carolina , mississippi , louisiana , texas and possibly kansas .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is 9 mm for males and 8.5 \u2013 10 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are grey with a faint brown tinge .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are paler than the forewings , but darkened along the anal margin .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from late january to the beginning of april . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eupithecia matheri", "paragraphs": ["home \u00bb guide \u00bb arthropods ( arthropoda ) \u00bb hexapods ( hexapoda ) \u00bb insects ( insecta ) \u00bb butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) \u00bb geometrid and swallowtail moths ( geometroidea ) \u00bb geometrid moths ( geometridae ) \u00bb larentiinae \u00bb eupitheciini \u00bb eupithecia \u00bb eupithecia matheri - hodges # 7509 . 1 ( eupithecia matheri )\nthe eupithecia ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) of mississippi and louisiana . american museum novitates ; no . 2809\nseven species of eupithecia ( larentiinae ) are found in the states of mississippi and louisiana . one of these , occurring throughout the southeastern united states , has been misidentified as herefordaria ; it is described as e . matheri , new species ( type locality : vicksburg , mississippi ) . the true herefordaria cassino and swett is redescribed ; it is found only in southeastern arizona . two other new species are described : e . vicksburgi ( type locality : vicksburg , mississippi ) and e . broui ( type locality : weyanoke , louisiana ) . the other taxa found in these two states are e . peckorurn heitzman and enns ( reported for the first time from both states and eastern texas ) , miserulata grote , jejunata medunnough , and swettii grossbeck . diagnostic notes are given for exudata pearsall , from the middle atlantic states , to distinguish it from matheri and jejunata . all species are described ; the adults and genitalia are illustrated\n- - p . [ 1 ] .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nferris , c . d . , 2018 . geometridae : larentiinae : eupitheciini ( part ) . lepidoptera of north america , part 14 . contributions of the c . p . gillette museum of arthropod diversity colorado state university ( over 116 color plates of adult moths w / genitalia - accessed 3 / 9 / 2018 )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nodenton , anne arundel county , maryland , usa april 8 , 2013 size : 0 . 25 x 0 . 80 inches\nfound near balcony light on evening of first 70 + deg . f day in spring . one of the pugs ?\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nfull - text is provided in portable document format ( pdf ) . to view articles you must have the free adobe acrobat reader . click here to download the latest version . the . epub version displays best on an ipad , but may work on other devices that accept . epub format . download directly to your device\u2019s book reader ( e . g . , ibooks ) or drag into your e - books collection on your computer .\namerican museum novitates novitates ( latin for\nnew acquaintances\n) , published continuously and numbered consecutively since 1921 , are short papers that contain descriptions of new forms and reports in zoology , paleontology , and geology . new numbers are published at irregular intervals .\ndepartment of library services american museum of natural history central park west at 79th st . , new york , ny 10024 \u00a9 american museum of natural history , 2011\nthe spread moth is from the collection of john glaser of baltimore , md . it was taken from the pretty boy reservoir , baltimore county , md april 8th , 2001 .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service ."]}
{"id": 315, "summary": [{"text": "the rough bollworm ( earias perhuegeli ) is a moth of the nolidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in the northern two-thirds of australia and several islands in the south pacific .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 20 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the larvae feed on gossypium australe , gossypium populifolium , abutilon otocarpum , abelmoschus ficulneus , hibiscus trionum , hibiscus panduriformis , alyogyne hakeifolia and adansonia gregorii , and are considered a pest of gossypium hirsutum . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "earias perhuegeli", "paragraphs": ["vouchers : mangaia : specimen + photo , 2007 / 2 , vaitate inland , g . mccormack with id from photo by j . dugdale as earias sp . and then by robert hoare as earias perhuegeli 2007 / 3 .\nthe caterpillars of this species feed on the young shoots , flowers , and seed pods of their foodplant . they are a pest on :\nthe adult moths are pale brown with arcs of dark spots across each forewing . the wingspan is about 2 cms . the species has been considered to be a variant of\nmelbourne university press , 1990 , fig . 48 . 8 , pp . 59 , 65 , 458 .\nbook depository is an international bookseller . we ship our books to over 100 countries around the globe and we are always looking to add more countries to the list . we really , really love books and offer millions of titles , currently over 10 million of them , with this figure increasing daily . living by our motto , ' bookseller to the world ' , we focus on offering as many titles as possible to as many customers as possible . most of our titles are dispatched within 2 business days of your order . apart from publishers , distributors and wholesalers , we even list and supply books from other retailers ! we hope you enjoy our selection and discover your new favourite book .\nall books are shipped in new condition promptly , we are happy to accept returns up to 30 days from purchase . orders usually ship within 1 - 2 business days . domestic shipments are sent by royal mail , and international by priority airmail . please contact the seller directly if you wish to return an order . name of business : the book depository ltd form of legal entity : a limited company business address : the book depository , 60 holborn viaduct , london , ec1a 2fd , united kingdom email address : abebo . . .\norders usually ship within 1 - 2 business days . domestic shipments are sent by royal mail , and international by priority airmail . we are happy to accept returns upto 30 days from purchase . please contact the seller directly if you wish to return an order\nby using the web site , you confirm that you have read , understood , and agreed to be bound by the terms and conditions . copyright \u00a9 1996 - 2018 abebooks inc . & abebooks europe gmbh . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsorry , the in - page video player requires internet explorer . you can download the video using the\ndownload\nlinks provided below .\ncommon names : rough bollworm global distribution : native australia - marquesas ; n . to kiribati ; s . to rapa cook islands status : native ; s . group ( mangaia , so far ) ; n . goup - absent ; land\ncook islands islands : rr = rarotonga , mg = mangaia , at = \u2018\u0101tiu , mk = ma\u2018uke , mt = miti\u2018\u0101ro , ak = aitutaki , pl = palmerston , pn = penrhyn , mn = manuae , tk = tak\u016btea , tn = tongareva ( ts = tongaleva spoken , tw = tongareva written , they say\nel\nbut write\nr\n) , mh = manihiki , rk = rakahanga , pk = pukapuka , ns = nassau , sw = suwarrow . after a polynesian name : ^ = orthography query . countries and other : fij = fiji , wt = wallis & futuna , sam = samoa , ton = tonga , niu = niue , ck = cook islands , ckm = cook islands m\u0101ori , fp = french polynesia , aus = australs , soc = societies , tah = tahiti , tua = tuamotus , mqs = marquesas , mng = mangareva , pit = pitcain group , eas = easter island , haw = hawai\u2018i , nz = new zealand , nzm = new zealand m\u0101ori\nreferences : special reference : holloway , j . d . 1977 : the lepidoptera of norfolk island : their biogeography and ecology . series entomologica 13 , 291pp .\nmccormack , gerald ( 2007 ) cook islands biodiversity database , version 2007 . 2 . cook islands natural heritage trust , rarotonga . online at http : / / cookislands . bishopmuseum . org .\ncopyright \u00a9 2007 ( july ) the cook islands natural heritage trust , all rights reserved . copyright & use policy\nmindfulness : a practical guide to finding peace in a frantic world , cd / spoke . . .\ncopyright \u00a9 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more"]}
{"id": 347, "summary": [{"text": "iropoca rotundata is a species of moth of the lymantriidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in australia , including victoria , new south wales and queensland .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 30 mm for males while females are wingless .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "males have a pattern of light and dark brown markings on the forewings and plain brown hindwings .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the larvae feed on the foliage of various eucalyptus species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "iropoca rotundata", "paragraphs": ["iropoca rotundata ( walker , 1855 ) = teara rotundata walker , 1855 = anthela sydneyensis strand , 1929 .\niropoca turner , 1904 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1904 : 477 ; ts : teara rotundata walker\niropoca rotundata ; swinhoe , 1923 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 11 ( 63 ) : 294 ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ]\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\nall data on natureshare is licensed under a creative commons attribution 2 . 5 australia license .\nfree : natureshare is , and will always be , a free and open service .\nwarranty : natureshare services and all software are provided on an\nas is\nbasis without warranties of any kind , either express or implied , including , without limitation , fitness for a particular purpose . your use of the services is at your sole risk . we do not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of information available from the service .\nthe source code for museums victoria collections is available on github under the mit license .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nwalker , 1855 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 1 : 1 - 278 ( 1854 ) , 2 : 279 - 581 ( 1854 ) , 3 : 583 - 775 ( 1855 ) , 4 : 777 - 976 ( 1855 ) , 5 : 977 - 1258 ( 1855 ) , 6 : 1259 - 1508 ( 1855 ) , 7 : 1509 - 1808 ( 1856 )\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nthis one is on the cover of mov pt . 2 so i will say it is noctuoidea at least . . . . peter m ?"]}
{"id": 350, "summary": [{"text": "ranularia pyrulum is a species of predatory sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family ranellidae , the triton snails , triton shells or tritons . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "ranularia pyrulum", "paragraphs": ["what type of species is ranularia pyrulum ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the ranularia pyrulum species belongs to .\nwhich photographers have photos of ranularia pyrulum species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species ranularia pyrulum .\nhow to identify ranularia pyrulum marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species ranularia pyrulum . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species ranularia pyrulum are marked in green .\nwhere is ranularia pyrulum found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species ranularia pyrulum can be found .\nworms - world register of marine species - ranularia pyrulum ( a . adams & reeve , 1850 )\nranularia pyrulum , ( a . adams & reeve , 1850 ) , photos , facts and physical characteristics\nto biodiversity heritage library ( 3 publications ) ( from synonym triton pyrulum a . adams & reeve , 1850 ) to encyclopedia of life to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym triton pyrulum a . adams & reeve , 1850 )\n( of cymatium ( ranularia ) fortespirale parth , 1993 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\n( of triton pyrulum a . adams & reeve , 1850 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\nbeu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\nkeyword search - try again , but check your spelling , and / or use fewer search terms .\nif we don ' t have it today , create a ' want ' and receive an automated email when the item is listed for sale .\nfind books from over 100 , 000 booksellers worldwide , for easy searches and price comparison .\nby using the web site , you confirm that you have read , understood , and agreed to be bound by the terms and conditions . copyright \u00a9 1996 - 2018 abebooks inc . & abebooks europe gmbh . all rights reserved ."]}
{"id": 356, "summary": [{"text": "thiotricha pancratiastis is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by meyrick in 1921 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in india ( assam ) and japan .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 10 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are white with dark fuscous markings .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a line along the basal fourth of the costa , terminating in an irregular-edged blotch occupying the costal half of the wing to three-fourths , containing a very oblique white striga from the middle of the costa and a longitudinal white striga beneath it , and terminated by an oblique white dark-edged line from three-fourths of the costa to the middle of the termen , becoming pale metallic-blue on the discal third and broken inwards beneath it .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a subcostal line from the base almost reaching the costal blotch , one beneath this nearly from the base and one from the base above the fold , both running into the costal blotch .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are two oblique-triangular spots from the basal portion of the dorsum reaching the fold and there is a somewhat upcurved line from the middle of the dorsum to the tornus .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "a gradually attenuated streak is found from the middle of the fold to the blue discal portion of the posterior line and there is a short line along the apical portion of the fold , and an arrowhead above it terminated by the posterior line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the apical area beyond the posterior line is tawny-fuscous on the costa with three very short whitish marks before the apex , the last limiting a round black apical dot preceded by a pale metallic blue dot .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey with a blackish apical dot surrounded by whitish suffusion . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "thiotricha pancratiastis", "paragraphs": ["thiotricha pancratiastis meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft\nthiotricha pancratiastis ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha pancratiastis is a moth of the gelechiidae family . it was described by meyrick in 1921 . it is found in india ( assam ) and japan . [ 1 ]\nwe investigated pre - dispersal seed predation by insects in a bayberry myrica rubra sieb . et zucc . ( myricaceae ) on yakushima island , japan . to clarify the patterns of seed fate and predation , all fruit that fell into seed traps were collected to allow any insect larvae within the fruit to emerge , and the fruit were finally dissected to determine whether or not they had been attacked by insect predators . two lepidopteran species , thiotricha pancratiastis ( meyrick ) ( gelechiidae ) and neoblastobasis spiniharpella kuznetzov & sinev ( blastobasidae ) , emerged from the fruits . thiotricha pancratiastis is the major seed predator of m . rubra , attacking the fruits intensively during the primary stage of fruit development . thiotricha pancratiastis had been known as a foliage feeder ( leaf miner ) of m . rubra , but we revealed that the insect is also an important seed predator of the bayberry .\nthiotricha pontifera meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 196\nthiotricha synodonta meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 45\nthiotricha fridaella legrand , 1958 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 63 : 142\nhave a fact about thiotricha rhodopa ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for thiotricha rhodopa ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a fact about thiotricha albicephalata ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for thiotricha albicephalata ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nthiotricha atractodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : queensland , cairns\nthiotricha complicata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : coorg , dibidi\nthiotricha nephodesma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 125 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha obvoluta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 126 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha oxygramma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha polyaula meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 125 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha rhodomicta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 126 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha synacma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha xanthaspis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha ( thiotrichinae ) ; karsholt , mutanen , lee & kaila , 2013 , syst . ent . 38 : 343\nthiotricha amphixysta meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha attenuata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha aucupatrix meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : peru , iquitos\nthiotricha celata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha clepsidoxa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya\nthiotricha coleella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 55 ; [ fe ]\nthiotricha hamulata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 162 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft\nthiotricha hexanesa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 501 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya\nthiotricha janitrix meyrick , 1912 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 2 ) : 64 ; tl : bengal , pusa\nthiotricha obliquata ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha rabida meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , khasis\nthiotricha cuneiformis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft\nthiotricha pyrphora meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 122 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft\nthiotricha scioplecta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , shilleong , 5000ft\nthiotricha corylella omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 209\nthiotricha flagellatrix meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft\nthiotricha fusca omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 204\nthiotricha indistincta omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . est . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr . : 205\nthiotricha termanthes meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : assam , shillong , 5000ft\nthiotricha tetraphala meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 164 ; tl : dunedin , new zealand\nthiotricha thorybodes meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 164 ; tl : christchurch , new zealand\nthiotricha xanthodora meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 24 ; tl : burma , pyinmana\nthiotricha balanopa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 123 ; tl : assam , khasis ; borneo , kuching\nthiotricha hemiphaea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : queensland , toowoomba\nthiotricha acrantha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha acronipha turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : queensland , stradbroke island\nthiotricha characias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : palni hills\nthiotricha chrysantha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha embolarcha meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : java , mt . salak , 4500ft\nthiotricha epiclista meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 440 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha grammitis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha hoplomacha meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 441 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha rhodopa meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : khasi hills\nthiotricha argyrea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : n . queensland , atherton\nthiotricha clinopeda meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 124 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft ; ceylon , maskeliya\nthiotricha galenaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha glenias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha nephelodesma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 280 ; tl : new ireland , st . matthias i .\nthiotricha orthiastis meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 591 ; tl : rawalpindi , punjab\nthiotricha saulotis meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 1 ) : 138 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha scotaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 442 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha trapezoidella ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha tylephora ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nthiotricha centritis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft\nthiotricha galactaea meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 441 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft\nthiotricha panglycera turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 117 ; tl : n . queensland , cairns and kuranda\nthiotricha prosoestea turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 116 ; tl : n . queensland , kuranda near cairns\nthiotricha anticentra meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nthiotricha balanopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )\nthiotricha chrysopa meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 293 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nthiotricha clidias meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; tl : khasi hills ; maskeliya , celon\nthiotricha cuneiformis ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )\nthiotricha delacma meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 24 ; tl : s . india , palnis , kodaikanal , 7000ft\nthiotricha margarodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 294 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nthiotricha pteropis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 443 ; tl : khasi hills ; maskeliya , ceylon\nthiotricha tethela ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 82 ( note )\nthiotricha animosella ; meyrick , 1908 , j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 2 ) : 439 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nthiotricha majorella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 47 ; [ me3 ] , 37 ( note ) ; [ fe ]\nthiotricha niphastis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : york , west australia\nthiotricha arthrodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nthiotricha oxyopis ; bradley , 1961 , bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 132 ; [ nhm card ]\nthiotricha paraconta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 295 ; tl : wollongong , new south wales\nthiotricha bullata meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 296 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales\nthiotricha leucothona meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 294 ; tl : murrurundi and sydney , new south wales\nthiotricha oxytheces meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 293 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; sydney , new south wales\nthiotricha prunifolivora ueda & fujiwara , 2005 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : japan , honshu , osaka pref . , takatsuki city , bochikoen\nthiotricha parthenica meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 297 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; george ' s bay , tasmania\nthiotricha angelica bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 131 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara\nthiotricha eremita bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 132 , pl . 5 , f . 111 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara\nthiotricha melanacma bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 133 , pl . 5 , f . 12 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara\nthiotricha tethela bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 131 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara\nthiotricha subocellea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer , 1993 , nota lepid . 16 : 51 ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75 ; [ fe ]\nthiotricha synodonta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 75\nkorea , china ( jilin ) , japan , se . siberia . see [ maps ]\nchinochrysa diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 10\ngelechia ( ptocheuusa ) cleodorella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 355 , pl . 5 , f . 120 ; tl : bogota\nptocheuusa coleella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 255 , pl . 10 , f . 16 ; tl : alpes - maritimes\npolyhymno corylella ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 107\ndissobola meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 561\npolyhumno fusca ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 108\ngemmulans meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 63\npolyhymno ? godmani walsingham , [ 1892 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1891 : 525 ; tl : west indies , st . vincent\npolyhymno indistincta ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 108\npolyhymno laterestriata walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 78\nlindsayi philpott , 1927 ; trans . n . z . inst . 58 : 84\nherzegovina , croatia , n . italy , s . france ( alpes - maritimes ) , greece . see [ maps ]\nptocheuusa majorella rebel , 1910 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 60 : 28 ; tl : herzegovina\nmicrorrhoda meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 586\noleariae hudson , 1928 ; butt . & moths n . z . : 254\npolyhymno pontifera ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )\nlarva on symplocos prunifolia ueda & fujiwara , 2005 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 56 ( 1 ) : 81\neu , european russia , china ( gansu , shaanxi , jilin ) , japan . see [ maps ]\nsyncentritis meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 586\nmystax trapezoidella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 138 ; tl : kasakewitsch\nmystax trichoma caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 136 ; tl : kasakewitsch\npolyhymno tylephora meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 68\nanacampsis wollastoni walsingham , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1894 : 545 ; tl : madeira\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nmicrolepidoptera from the solomon islands . additional records and descriptions of microlepidoptera collected in the solomon islands by the rennell island expedition 1953 - 54\nmicrolepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthe source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .\nwould you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .\nit will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .\ni use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .\nof perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .\nthis page was last edited on 17 february 2018 , at 21 : 13 .\nbasis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .\nfor full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .\n. . . seasonal fluctuations include day length , climate , and food availability [ 1 ] . as a result , almost all wild animals exhibit seasonal changes in their physiology and behavior , for example hibernation , diet shift and migration [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] . the animals ' responses to daily and seasonal fluctuations often need to be analyzed in combination because animals modify their use of various daily time periods in different seasons . . . .\nreduced seed dispersal effectiveness in the large - seeded tree myrica rubra in the absence of the jap . . .\nto study the impact of the local extinction of a large frugivore species on plant populations , we compared the seed dispersal of the large - seeded tree myrica rubra in two forests . one forest had a population of japanese macaques , which are large seed dispersers of m . rubra , and the other did not . observations were made from 25 may to 7 june , 2004 on four trees on yakushima island ( with . . . [ show full abstract ]\nmicrosatellite analysis of the maternal origin of myrica rubra seeds in the feces of japanese macaqu . . .\nidentifying the maternal origin of dispersed seeds is a challenging task because it is impossible to directly track seed movement once an animal has ingested them . however , recent development of molecular techniques allows us to identify the maternal origin of dispersed seeds in natural plant populations . here we analyzed the maternal origin of myrica rubra seeds found in the feces of . . . [ show full abstract ]\ncommunity structure of pre - dispersal seed predatory insects on eleven shorea ( dipterocarpaceae ) spec . . .\nthe dipterocarpaceae in south - east asia are known for their strict mast fruiting . during fruiting , pre - dispersal seed predation by insects contributes to mortality of dipterocarp seeds . we documented the community structure of insect seed predators on 11 shorea species in peninsular malaysia . fruits were sampled sequentially throughout seed development , and 2144 and 1655 individuals of seed . . . [ show full abstract ]\nmasting of beech \uff08fagus crenata\uff09 results in satiation of a nut predator , the dominant micromoth , pse . . .\nwe tested the hypothesis that masting of a beech species , fagus crenata , leads to satiation of a nut predator , the dominant micromoth , pseudopammene fagivora , in a beech forest near the pacific ocean , japan . we used three indices that could reflect the annual variation in p . fagivora : number of p . fagivora larvae per pre - dispersal fruit , proportion of pre - dispersal fruits infested by p . . . . [ show full abstract ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nas part our commitment to scholarly and academic excellence , all articles receive editorial review .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 360, "summary": [{"text": "acraga infusa , the yellow furry-legs , is a moth of the dalceridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in guatemala , belize , costa rica , panama , colombia , venezuela , trinidad , guyana , surinam , french guiana , ecuador , brazil , peru , bolivia and paraguay .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "acraga infusa may represent one variable species , but could also represent a species complex of closely related species .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "all specimens are entirely orange , but varying considerably in size and somewhat in apparent wing shape and colour tone . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "acraga infusa", "paragraphs": ["acraga infusa is found in venezuela , guyana , brazil , ecuador and peru .\njennifer hammock split the classifications by nmnh entomology resource from acraga infusa schaus , 1905 to their own page .\nlike other members of the dalceridae , acraga infusa adopts a characteristic and almost comical resting posture , with the wings arched almost vertically , and the long and very hairy forelegs projecting forward .\nthe genus acraga contains 40 species found variously from mexico to bolivia . most are unmarked , although a few such as leberna and angulifera are whitish with suffused darker markings . there are several yellow species including coa , infusa , sulphurea and\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nhe family dalceridae comprises 84 known species , most of which are confined to south america , with a few representatives reaching the united states .\nthe moths average about 3cms in wingspan . they are easily recognised as a family from the very distinctive venation , short pectinate antennae , tiny dark eyes , and their characteristic resting posture with the wings steeply arched and the long hairy forelegs projecting forward .\nthe caterpillars of all dalceridae are slug - like and covered in gelatinous tubercles .\nall photographs , artwork , text & website design are the property of adrian hoskins ( unless otherwise stated ) and are protected by copyright . photographs or text on this website must not be reproduced in part or in whole or published elsewhere without prior written consent of adrian hoskins / urltoken\nthe family dalceridae comprises 84 known species , most of which are confined to south america , with a few representatives reaching the united states . the moths average about 3cms in wingspan . they are easily recognised as a family from the very distinctive venation , short pectinate antennae , tiny dark eyes , and their characteristic resting posture with the wings steeply arched and the long hairy forelegs projecting forward .\nthe larvae of all dalceridae are slug - like and covered in gelatinous tubercles . the larval foodplants include coffea , eremanthus , erythroxylum , metrodorea , ouratea , pouteria and qualea .\nscientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on image to enlarge .\n. each record tells when . see dataset links for citations & terms of use .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ 85 ] urltoken ( insecta . pro previous version / c\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f insecta . pro )\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser ."]}
{"id": 371, "summary": [{"text": "tisis gloriosa is a moth in the lecithoceridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by k.t. park in 2009 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in thailand .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 13-14 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are light orange , metallic shiny .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the basal fascia is small and brownish and there is a large , yellowish brown median patch , round on the anterior margin , occupying more than one-fourth of the wing .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the distal two-fifths of the wing are yellowish brown .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are pale greyish brown . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "tisis gloriosa", "paragraphs": ["tisis gloriosa ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 156\ntisis gloriosa park , 2009 ; trop . lepid . res . 19 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : loei , phu rua , 800m\ntisis is a genus of small moth in the family lecithoceridae . [ 1 ]\ntisis mesozosta meyrick , 1914 ; suppl . ent . 3 : 50 ; tl : suisharyo\ntisis isoplasta meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 516 ; tl : java\ntisis aurantiella park , 2003 ; entom . science 6 ( 4 ) : 316 ; tl : palawan , philippines\ntisis polemarcha meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 155 ; tl : mt murud , 6500ft\ntisis polychlora meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 155 ; tl : mt murud , 6300ft\ntisis aurifasciata ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111 , f . 152\ntisis cerambycina meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 154 ; tl : mt . poi , sarawak\ntisis colubrialis ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 153\ntisis diehli ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 154\ntisis frimensis ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 155\ntisis javaica ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 157\ntisis latiductalis ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 158\ntisis penrissenica ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 160\ntisis sumatraensis ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 113 , f . 163\ntisis argyrophaea meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 439 ; tl : borneo , kuching\ntisis aurifasciata park , 2007 ; entom . science 10 ( 2 ) : ( 149 - 155 ) ; tl : sumatra\ntisis diehli park , 2007 ; entom . science 10 ( 2 ) : ( 149 - 155 ) ; tl : sumatra\ntisis eurylampis meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 438 ; tl : borneo , kuching\ntisis hemixysta meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 438 ; tl : borneo , kuching\ntisis hyacinthina meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 439 ; tl : borneo , kuching\ntisis imperatrix meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 440 ; tl : borneo , kuching\ntisis javaica park , 2007 ; entom . science 10 ( 2 ) : ( 149 - 155 ) ; tl : java\ntisis sophistica park , 2003 ; entom . science 6 ( 4 ) : ( 315 - 321 ) ; tl : palawan\ntisis sumatraensis park , 2007 ; entom . science 10 ( 2 ) : ( 149 - 155 ) ; tl : sumatra\ntisis charadraea meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 439 ; tl : malay states , padang rengas\ntisis bicolorella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 793 ; tl : sarawak , borneo\ntisis nielseni park , 2001 ; korean j . syst . ent . 17 ( 1 ) : 60 ; tl : nakhon nayok , thailand\ntisis xantholepidos park , 2003 ; entom . science 6 ( 4 ) : ( 315 - 321 ) ; tl : tawi tawi , philippines\ntisis asterias park , 2003 ; species diversity 8 ( 3 ) : 270 ; tl : thailand , rhanong , na kha , ca . 250m\ntisis thaiana park , 2003 ; species diversity 8 ( 3 ) : 268 ; tl : thailand , chanthaburi , khao soi dao , ca . 400m\ntisis ? plautata ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 50 ( list )\ntisis boleta wu , 1998 ; zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 195 ; tl : w . java , mts . gede - panggrango , tjibodas , 1400\ntisis plautata wu , 1998 ; zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 195 ; tl : w . java , mts . gede - panggrango , tjibodas , 1400m\ntisis charadraea ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )\ntisis helioclina ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )\ntisis isoplasta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )\ntisis mendicella ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )\ntisis cerambycina ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 , 49 ( list )\ntisis hemixysta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 40 , 49 ( list )\ntisis hyacinthina ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 40 , 49 ( list )\ntisis imperatrix ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 48 , 49 ( list )\ntisis meliorella ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 41 , 49 ( list )\ntisis nemophorella ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 43 , 49 ( list )\ntisis polemarcha ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 45 , 50 ( list )\ntisis polychlora ; [ nhm card ] ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 41 , 50 ( list )\ntisis auricincta diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 125 ; tl : mindanao , davao prov . , e slope of mt mckinley , 3000ft\ntisis colubrialis park , lee & abang , 2005 ; j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 46 , 49 ( list ) ; tl : sabah , sepilok , sandakan\ntisis ( lecithocerinae ) ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 371 ; [ richard brown ] ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111\ntisis penrissenica park , lee & abang , 2005 ; j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 47 , 50 ( list ) ; tl : mt . penrissen , 3300ft , borneo\nwu , ch . - sh . genus tisis walker from malaysia and indonesia ( lepidoptera : lecithoceridae ) , with description of three new species . zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 191 - 196 ( 1998 )\ntisis latiductalis park , lee & abang , 2005 ; j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 48 , 49 ( list ) ; tl : sabah , danum valley , nr . lahad datu\ntisis boleta ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 26 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )\ntisis sandaradema ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 124 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 40 , 50 ( list )\ntisis elegans ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2003 , species diversity 8 ( 3 ) : 272 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )\ntisis luteella ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 192 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )\ntisis argyrophaea ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 193 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 40 , 49 ( list )\ntisis asterias ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111 , f . 150\ntisis aurantiella ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111 , f . 151\ntisis auricincta ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 21 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ]\ntisis bicolorella ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 194 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 , 49 ( list )\ntisis chalybaeella ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 192 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 43 , 49 ( list )\ntisis eurylampis ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 193 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 41 , 49 ( list )\ntisis nielseni ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 159 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list )\ntisis seclusella ; [ nhm card ] ; wu , 1998 , zoological studies 37 ( 3 ) : 194 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 , 50 ( list )\ntisis sophistica ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 162 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 50 ( list )\ntisis thaiana ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 50 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 113 , f . 164\ntisis xantholepidos ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 50 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 113 , f . 165\ntisis amabilis ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 45 , 49 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 111 , f . 149\ntisis sabahensis ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 45 , 50 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 112 , f . 161\ntisis yasudai ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 41 , 50 ( list ) ; park , 2014 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 7 : 113 , f . 166\ntisis mesozosta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 372 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 49 ( list ) ; park , heppner & bae , 2013 , zookeys 263 : 50 ( list )\nworks related to the english repertory , 1450 - 80 . agwillare ; ben so che ; deus deorum ; o beate sebastiane ; o intemerata ; patrem ( stuttgart ) ; patrem ( stuttgart ) reconstructed ; pryncesse of youthe ; salvator mundi ; tisis non ; to iours ; virga jesse floruit ; voy da plas ; xilobalsamus / ? horwood ; ( ballade : trento no . 1076 ) ; ( ballade : verona 757 ) ; ( fragmentary ballade : florence 107bis ) ; ( rondeau : florence 176 )\n= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 262 ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 371 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 38\n= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 261 ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 371 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 38\n= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 178 ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2000 , zoological studies 39 ( 4 ) : 371 ; park , lee & abang , 2005 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 8 ( 1 ) : 38\ncacogamia elegans snellen , 1903 ; tijdschr . ent . 46 : 49 , pl . 5 , f . 10 - 12 ; tl : w . java , preanger , 1500 - 1600m\ntipha helioclina meyrick , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . 1894 ( 1 ) : 19 ; tl : upper burma , fort stedman\ncacogamia ? luteella snellen , 1903 ; tijdschr . ent . 46 : 50 , pl . 5 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : java , batavia\ntingentera meliorella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 798 ; tl : sarawak , borneo\ntogia nemophorella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 792 ; tl : sarawak , borneo\ntonosa seclusella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 796 ; tl : sarawak , borneo\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nh . sauter ' s formosa ausbeute . pterophoridae , tortricidae , eucosmidae , gelechiadae , oecophoridae , cosmopterygidae , hypomeutidae , sesiadae , glyphipterygidae , plutellidae , teneidae , adelidae ( lep . )\nthree hundred and twenty newly described species of lecithoceridae ( lepidoptera , gelechioidea ) by k . t . park since 1998 , with a tentative catalogue and images of types\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthe source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .\nwould you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .\nit will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .\ni use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .\nof perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .\nbasis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .\nthree hundred and twenty newly described species of lecithoceridae ( lepidoptera , gelechioidea ) by k . t . park since 1998 , with a tentative catalogue and images of types - sciencedirect\njavascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .\na total of 320 species of lecithoceridae , described by the author since 1998 from various regions of the world , are presented . in the species list , both genera and species are arranged alphabetically within a subfamily , with the source of the original description in the parenthesis , type locality , and genitalia slide number of the holotype if available . also the name of the museum , in which the type is deposited , is listed . images of the types and label data are also provided .\npeer review under responsibility of national science museum of korea ( nsmk ) and korea national arboretum ( kna ) .\ncopyright \u00a9 2014 national science museum of korea ( nsmk ) and korea national arboretum ( kna ) . production and hosting by elsevier b . v .\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect \u00ae is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nignore this text box . it is used to detect spammers . if you enter anything into this text box , your message will not be sent .\nmotets constitute the most important polyphonic genre of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries . moreover , these compositions are intrinsically involved in the early development of polyphony . this volume - the first to be devoted exclusively to medieval motets - aims to provide a comprehensive guide to them , from a number of different disciplines and perspectives . it addresses crucial matters such as how the motet developed ; the rich interplay of musical , poetic , and intertextual modes of meaning specific to the genre ; and the changing social and historical circumstances surrounding motets in medieval france , england , and italy . it also seeks to question many traditional assumptions and received opinions in the area . the first part of the book considers core concepts in motet scholarship : issues of genre , relationships between the motet and other musico - poetic forms , tenor organization , isorhythm , notational development , social functions , and manuscript layout . this is followed by a series of individual case studies which look in detail at a variety of specific pieces , compositional techniques , collections , and subgenres . jared c . hartt is associate professor of music theory at the oberlin college conservatory of music . contributors : margaret bent , jacques boogaart , catherine a . bradley , alice v . clark , suzannah clark , karen desmond , lawrence earp , sarah fuller , john haines , jared c . hartt , elizabeth eva leach , dolores pesce , gael saint - cricq , jennifer saltzstein , matthew p . thomson , stefan udell , anna zayaruznaya , emily zazulia .\nla ressemblance avec dieu dans les actes - - l ' acte cr\u00e9ateur - - qu ' est - ce que la cr\u00e9ation ? - - le processus cr\u00e9atif dans l ' antiphonaire latin 12044 - - la pratique du chant - - le processus cr\u00e9atif dans le programme iconographique du latin 12044 - - rentrer en contact avec dieu .\nmanuscrit de chant gr\u00e9gorien , l ' antiphonaire de saint - maur - des - foss\u00e9s , paris , bnf , latin 12044 est un m\u00e9lange de texte , de musique et d ' images savamment orchestr\u00e9 autour d ' un d\u00e9nominateur commun : le nombre . en combinant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments textuels , musicaux et iconographiques \u00e0 travers le prisme du nombre synonyme d ' harmonie et de beaut\u00e9 , le concepteur du programme iconographique conduit le lecteur / chantre \u00e0 comprendre que toute son existence est vou\u00e9e \u00e0 la rencontre avec dieu . pour y parvenir , il livre sa m\u00e9thode : devenir un\nhomme parfait\npuis un\nhomme nouveau\n.\n- - page 4 of cover .\ndie einstimmigen werke von lorenzo da firenze aus dem codex squarcialupi ( i - fl mediceo palatino 87 ) .\n1 online resource ( 1 sound file ) sound : digital . digital : audio file .\ncomo somos per conssello do demo perdudos / ? alfonso el sabio ( 1 : 32 ) .\nmusique et po\u00e9sie entre histoire et historiographie - - que reste - t - il de nos amours ? - - entretien avec michel zink - - troubadours et trouv\u00e8res . musique , soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et amour courtois - - musicologie et philologie regards crois\u00e9s - - philologie et musicologie . les variantes musicales dans les chansons de troubadours - - la question des variantes dans les nova cantica de l ' office de la circoncision de sens - - musicologie et philologie : deux disciplines\nauxiliaires\n- - musicologie et philologie num\u00e9riques - - transmission et interpr\u00e9tation . \u00e0 propos des m\u00e9lodies des troubadours - - tropes et prosules : po\u00e9sie et musique - - philologie versus musicologie ? - - pour une approche pragmatique de la lyrique m\u00e9di\u00e9vale - - usages et pratique des sources - - writing and reading . word and sound in the ninth century - - musique mesur\u00e9e ou non mesur\u00e9e ? - - \u00e9tude sur le rythme dans les monodies des troubadours - -\nl ' en i chante et lit\n. le discours musical dans les textes litt\u00e9raires m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux - - alph\u00e9e et ar\u00e9thuse . sur quelques sources not\u00e9es des ballades m\u00e9di\u00e9vales - - structures formelles et techniques de composition - - la division strophique des chansons de troubadours . entre m\u00e9trique , musique et syntaxe - - les figures de r\u00e9p\u00e9tition dans la chanson de trouv\u00e8res - - le conduit \u00e0 nombre de voix variable ( 1150 - 1250 ) - - texte et musique dans les motets sur flos filius ejus . l ' exemple de fidelis gratuletur i domino - -\nlay ves fran\u00e7a\n. les structures formelles de la musique et de la po\u00e9sie dans la lyrique catalane des origines - - pouvoir des mots et du chant - - le praecantator et l ' art du verbe - - voix de la liturgie , voix du th\u00e9\u00e2tre dans le drame religieux ( xe - xiiie si\u00e8cle ) - - la mise en sc\u00e8ne rh\u00e9torique de la musique dans les premiers r\u00e9cits exemplaires cisterciens - - images pour l ' oeil et pour l ' oreille au service de la m\u00e9ditation monastique . le lignum vitae de bonaventure dans le manuscrit darmstadt 2777 - - po\u00e9sie courtoise et d\u00e9clamation dans les motets p\u00e9troniens . position du probl\u00e8me .\ncet ouvrage explore les relations entre texte et musique au moyen \u00e2ge \u00e0 travers les regards crois\u00e9s de philologues , de musicologues , d ' historiens et de litt\u00e9raires . du contexte de cr\u00e9ation \u00e0 la r\u00e9ception des r\u00e9pertoires , des sources manuscrites aux aspects formels de la lyrique sacr\u00e9e et profane , les contributions r\u00e9unies dans ce volume explorent les tendances pass\u00e9es et actuelles de la recherche sur le chant m\u00e9di\u00e9val . elles proposent \u00e9galement des approches m\u00e9thodologiques nouvelles , dans une perspective interdisciplinaire , o\u00f9 musicologie et philologie avancent main dans la main .\n- - page 4 of cover .\ncontents introduction ' merrie england ' , cultural memory and the writing of english musical history chapter 1 ' the greatest musical curiosity extant ' : ' sumer is icumen in ' and the canon of english music chapter 2 anglicus angelicus : was english music political ? chapter 3 authorship , musicianship and value in medieval english history chapter 4 who was john dunstaple ? chapter 5 negotiating identity in medieval english music : anxiety and ethnicity chapter 6 contenance angloise : a reappraisal epilogue .\nalthough medieval english music has been relatively neglected in comparison with repertoire from france and italy , there are few classical musicians today who have not listened to the thirteenth - century song ' sumer is icumen in ' , or read of the achievements and fame of fifteenth - century composer john dunstaple . similarly , the identification of a distinctively english musical style ( sometimes understood as the contenance angloise ) has been made on numerous occasions by writers exploring the extent to which english ideas influenced polyphonic composition abroad . angel song : medieval english music in history examines the ways in which the standard narratives of english musical history have been crafted , from the middle ages to the present . colton challenges the way in which the concept of a canon of english music has been built around a handful of pieces , composers and practices , each of which offers opportunities for a reappraisal of english musical and devotional cultures between 1250 and 1460 .\nmusic from the llibre vermell de montserrat . polorum regina ; los set goyts ; maria matrem virginem ; stella splendens ; imperayritz de la ciudad joyosa\nmusic from the llibre vermell de montserrat . ad mortem festinamus ; laudemus virginem , splendens ceptigera\nmusic from the barcelona lectionary ( 14th century ) . antiphona : christus natus est nobis ; psalmus 94 / 95 ( invitatory ) : venite exultemus domino ; benedictio , lectio , de homilia sancti augustini ; responsorium : verbum caro factum est ; benedictio , lectio , sermo sancti augustini in die natalis domini ; el cant de la sibil\u00b7la\nmusic from the llibre vermell de montserrat . o virgo splendens ; cuncti simus concanentes\nmiddleton , wisconsin : a - r editions , inc . , [ 2017 ]\n2 . auflage . - wilhelmshaven : florian noetzel verlag ,\nheinrichshofen - b\u00fccher\n, 2017 . -\nsanetus : hugo ist priester in reutlingen und erlebt die katastrophen seiner zeit : er ist von dem grossen streit zwischen kaiser ludwig und den p\u00e4psten betroffen : trotzdem ist es die kreativste zeit seines lebens .\nimprovisation and inventio in the performance of medieval music : a practical approach is an innovative and groundbreaking approach to medieval music as living repertoire . the book provides philosophical frameworks , primary - source analysis , and clear , actionable practices and exercises aimed at recovering the improvisatory and inventive aspects of medieval music for contemporary musicians . aimed at both instrumentalists and vocalists , the book explores the utilization of musical models , the inventive implications of medieval notation , and the ways in which memory , mode , rhetoric , and primary source paradigms inform the improvisatory process in both monophonic and polyphonic music of the middle ages . angela mariani , an experienced performer of both medieval music and folk and traditional musics , rediscovers and explicates the processes of imagination , invention , and improvisation which historically energized both medieval music in its own period and in its revival in our own time . based on decades of research , university teaching , ensemble direction , collaboration , and performance , mariani ' s impassioned stance that\nthe elusive element of inventio , as the medieval rhetoricians would have called it , must always be provided by the performer in the present ,\nemphasizes medieval music performance practice as a dynamic and still - vital tradition . students , teachers , directors , and those interested in the wealth of expressive beauty found in the music of the middle ages will likewise find value and meaning in her clear and accessible prose , and in the practical processes and exercises that make this book unique within the literature of medieval performance practice .\n1 . auflage , deutsche erstausgabe . - sankt ottilien : eos , 2017 .\nwoodbridge , suffolk , uk : a york medieval press publication in association with the boydell press , an imprint of boydell & brewer ltd , 2017 .\n1 audio disc ( 76 : 37 ) : digital , cd audio , stereo ; 4 3 / 4 in . sound : digital ; optical ; stereo . digital : audio file . cd audio .\nlanuam quam clauserat ; iacintus in saltibus ; [ iacet granum ] / anon . ( 1 : 43 )\nopen nobis o thoma ; salve , thoma ; [ pastor cesus ] / anon . ( : 40 )\nde flore martyrum ; deus tuorum militum ; [ ave rex gentis anglorum ] / anon . ( 1 : 45 )\nave miles ; ave rex , patrone ; ave rex gentis anglorum / anon . ( 1 : 47 )\nthe agincourt carol ( 3 : 42 ) ; kyrie . . . domine miserere - ab inimicis nostris ( 5 : 35 ) / anon .\nconvegno storico internazionale ( 8th : 1972 : todi , italy ) , author .\nristampa anastatica . - spoleto : fondazione centro italiano di studi sull ' alto medioevo , 2017 .\n287 pages , 70 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations , music ; 22 cm .\nles repr\u00e9sentations de l ' ecclesia dans l ' art des xe - xiie si\u00e8cles / h . toubert\nmath\u00e9matique et architecture : prportions , dimensions syst\u00e9matiques et syboliques dans l ' architecture religieuse du haut moyen \u00e2ge / c . heitz\nles themes musicaux de l ' apocalypse , leur signification spirituelle et leur interpretation dans le miniatures / n . bridgman\nlinguaggio figurativo aulico dall ' et\u00e0 degli ottoni all ' et\u00e0 romanica / r . salvini\nquelques reflexions sur le lyrisme et la spiritualit\u00e9 dans la musique m\u00e9di\u00e9vale / s . corbin .\n1 audio disc ( 46 : 03 ) : cd audio , stereo ; 4 3 / 4 in . sound : digital . optical . 1 . 4 m / s . digital recording . digital : audio file . cd audio .\ncacciando per gustar / ai cinci , ai toppi / antonio\nzacara\nda teramo ( 3 : 33 ) .\neducation sentimentale , artistique et culturelle de l ' europe . . . ainsi que l ' ont \u00e9crit plusieurs m\u00e9di\u00e9vistes . les troubadours se m\u00ealent de tout , ouvertement : ils critiquent les rois , aiment leurs dames , d\u00e9noncent l ' inquisition , participent aux croisades en orient ou effectuent des p\u00e8lerinages . leurs chansons cultivent l ' art de la parole libre , elles sont au coeur de la vie sociale et la vie sociale est au coeur de leurs mots . ces cansos parcourent l ' europe devant un public connaisseur , de grands chants forg\u00e9s avec m\u00e9tier , paroles et musiques , sur de belles razos , de beaux th\u00e8mes . ce sont des oeuvres chant\u00e9es , abordant tous les sujets avec une r\u00e9flexion intense , qui r\u00e9pandent dans les cours des id\u00e9es nouvelles et bouleversent les codes \u00e9tablis . de dante alighieri \u00e0 la philosophe simone weil , ils sont nombreux ceux qui seront interpell\u00e9s par ce trobar des xiie - xiiie si\u00e8cles . et depuis longtemps , des romantiques aux slameurs d ' aujourd ' hui les troubadours nous interrogent encore .\n- - page 4 of cover .\n2 audio discs : cd audio , digital ; 4 3 / 4 in . sound : digital ; optical ; stereo ; surround . digital : audio file . cd audio ; sacd .\noid , oid . . . [ . . . las buenas nuevas de lepanto ] / joan brudieu ( 6 : 02 ) .\ndi queste selve venite , o numi de la senna festeggiante compos\u00e9e \u00e0 la gloire de louis xv . l ' et\u00e0 dell ' oro , la virt\u00f9 , la senna / antonio vivaldi ( 4 : 13 )\nper quel bel viso ( 3 : 43 ) ; mia cara anzoletta ( 2 : 50 ) / johann adolf hasse ; ed . john walsh ; arrangement \u00e0 4 voix de jordi savall\nthis set contains two sacds and a book . jordi savall conducts hesperion xxi , panagiotis neochoritis , la capella de catalunya , and le concert des nations .\nantifonario mozarabe de silos . leccion i de jueves santo ; leccion ii de jueves santo ; leccion i de viernes santo ; leccion i de sabado santo ; oracion de jeremias / antifonario moz\u00e1rabe de silos\n1 score ( 53 pages , 278 unnumbered pages ) : facsimiles ( chiefly color ) ; 43 cm .\nthis volume contains full - color facsimiles of manuscript examples of polyphony as it flourished in england during the time of henry iii and edward i . nearly all the manuscripts are reproduced here at full size . with a foreword by magnus williamson , introduction , bibliography , notes , catalogue , and index .\nxiv , 444 pages , 16 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations ( some color ) , maps , music ; 24 cm .\nit has become widely accepted among musicologists that medieval music is most profitably studied from interdisciplinary perspectives that situate it within broad culture contexts . the origins of this consensus lie in a decisive reorientation of the field that began approximately four decades ago . for much of the twentieth century , research on medieval music had focused on the discovery and evaluation of musical and theoretical sources . the 1970s and 1980s , by contrast , witnessed calls for broader methodologies and more fully contextual approaches that in turn anticipated the emergence of the so - called ' new musicology ' . the fifteen essays in the present collection explore three interrelated areas of inquiry that proved particularly significant : the liturgy , sources ( musical and archival ) , and musical symbolism . in so doing , these essays not only acknowledge past achievements but also illustrate how this broad , interdisciplinary approach remains a source for scholarly innovation .\nmusic in beneventan style . music in beneventan style in manuscripts for the mass ; music in beneventan style in manuscripts for the office ; the notation of music in beneventan style in pitch - specific sources ; the notation of pitch in the editions of music in beneventan style\nthe notation of the beneventan repertory . basic neumes ; special neumes ; compound neumes ; liquescence ; graphic changes in the later eleventh and twelfth centuries ; neumes in performance\npart i . the music of the beneventan rite . mass proper ; music for holy week ; mass ordinary ; varia ; the office\npart ii . music in beneventan style . music in beneventan style in manuscripts of the mass ; music in beneventan style in manuscripts of the office\nthis edition presents for the first time the complete music of the beneventan rite , the repertory of latin plainchant sung in southern italy around the turn of the ninth century , prior to the adoption of gregorian repertory . 180 different melodies are included , all in beneventan neume notation .\nmusik der mittelalterlichen metropole : r\u00e4ume , identit\u00e4ten und kontexte der musik in k\u00f6ln und mainz , ca . 900 - 1400 : tagungsbericht mainz / k\u00f6ln oktober 2014\nsymbolische kommunikation , institutionelle repr\u00e4sentation und die visualisierung der musik im k\u00f6lner dom / bj\u00f6rn r . tammen\ndisciplina tam nobilis . . . tamque utilis\n: zum status der musik im bildungsverst\u00e4ndnis des hrabanus maurus / stefan seit\ntonsystem und modus - lehre in den quaestiones in musica des rudolf von st . trond / christian berger\njohannes de grocheio in st . barbara : ein zufall ? \u00fcberlegungen zur kart\u00e4userbibliothek als \u00fcberlieferungsraum / inga mai groote\nzu den griechischkenntnissen in st . gallen um 900 : die ellinici fratres bei notker balbulus / marian wei\u00df\ndas nordfranz\u00f6sische und seine sprecher im 13 . und fr\u00fchen 14 . jahrhundert : gallici im tractatulus de musica , bei anonymus iv und johannes de grocheio / marie winkelm\u00fcller\n\u00fcbernahme byzantinischer kirchent\u00f6ne : graeci bei aurelianus reomensis sowie autoren des 11 . jahrhunderts / frank hentschel und marian wei\u00df\ndie\nmos . . . veteranorum cantorum\ndes aurelianus reomensis und die stellung der gallikanischen liturgie im westfrankenreich des sp\u00e4ten 9 . jahrhunderts / marie winkelm\u00fcller\nalmam hunc diem celebremus cum benedictus [ ad laudes : archiepiscopal archive florence , 12th century ] / anonymous ( enzo ventroni , conductor ; coro viri galilaei ) .\ndi 1 ban . \u7b2c1\u7248 . - beijing : shang wu yin shu guan , 2016 . \u5317\u4eac : \u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928 , 2016 .\nantiphonaria : catalogue of notated office manuscripts preserved in flanders ( c . 1100 - c . 1800 )\nthis first volume catalogues the notated office manuscripts collections of the libraries and private archives of averbode ( onze - lieve - vrouw and sint - jan de doper abbey ) , dendermonde ( sint - pieter and paulus abby ) , geel ( archief sint dimpnakerk ) , ghent ( universiteitsbibliotheek , rijksarchief , musua voor schone kunsten , bisschoppelijk seminarie , archief van de sint baafskathedraal ) and tongeren ( onze - lieve - vrouwebasiliek , stadsarchief ) . the aim of the\nantiphonaria\nseries is to catalogue all collections of notated manuscripts for the office , following a combined format of rism .\nalfonso x , king of castile and leon , 1221 - 1284 , composer , compiler .\nconcerts pour saint louis , l ' an de gr\u00e2ce 2014 - - ars antiqua - - art francien .\ncet essai correspond \u00e0 un guide d ' orientation susceptible d ' aider les choix de l ' auditeur en tentant de cr\u00e9er une ambiance musicale m\u00e9di\u00e9vale avec certains rep\u00e8res culturels , artistiques , historiques , g\u00e9ographiques . les musiques polyphoniques m\u00e9di\u00e9vales doivent se d\u00e9rouler dans leur cadre historique , celui des monuments franciens ( dits\ngothiques\n, xiiie , xive , xve si\u00e8cles ) . cet ouvrage comprend deux parties sch\u00e9matiques : la premi\u00e8re concerne les musiques m\u00e9di\u00e9vales , polyphoniques ou contrapuntiques ; la deuxi\u00e8me partie rappelle les sources fondamentales , correspondant aux musiques monodiques : rome et byzance . l ' essai inaugure \u00e9galement la cr\u00e9ation d ' une nouvelle chapelle ; la capella schola parisis , regroupant la conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration des ensembles - ma\u00eetrises m\u00e9di\u00e9vistes de paris et d ' ile - de - france . cette chapelle est g\u00e9r\u00e9e par l ' organisation de l ' association le parisien paradis , \u00e0 mon seul d\u00e9sir , et sa coordination rel\u00e8ve de l ' ufr de musique et de musicologie de la sorbonne universit\u00e9 paris - iv .\n- - p . [ 4 ] of cover .\nbalades a iii chans . helas piti\u00e9 envers moy dort si fort / trebor ( 5 : 58 ) ; se alexandre et hector fussent en vie / trebor ( 12 : 52 )\nse zephirus , phebus et leur lignie / magister grimace . ( 4 : 41 ) .\nfleurs de vertus : refinement in songs of the late gothic . pictagoras jabol et orphe\u00fcs / johannes suzoy ( 7 : 16 )\nil n ' est nulz homs en ce monde vivant / philipoctus de caserta ( 10 : 42 ) .\nen doulz chastel de pavie : music at the court of gian galeazzo visconti c . 1400 . de ma doulour / philipoctus de caserta ( 8 : 41 )\ncorps femenin : duke john of berry ' s lyrical avant - garde . angelorum psalat tripudium / rodericus ( 5 : 47 )\nroses et lis ay veu en une flour / magister egidius augustinus ( 8 : 06 ) .\nil laudario di cortona : cortona , biblioteca del comune e dell ' accademia etrusca , ms . 91\nla vie liturgique et musicale \u00e0 la fille - dieu - - les documents m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux - - les\nbrouillons\nde la r\u00e9forme bernardine ( d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1140 ) : fid 1 et 2 , westmalle 12a - b , tami\u00e9 6 et tre fontane 47 - - la copie de livres liturgiques \u00e0 la fille - dieu : tre fontane 49 - - tre fontane 48 , le scriptorium d ' hauterive et les livres de la fille - dieu - - les fragments liturgiques conserv\u00e9s aux archives de l ' \u00e9tat de fribourg ( aef ) - - de la renaissance \u00e0 l ' \u00e9poque classique - - les \u00e9ditions cisterciennes du xviiie si\u00e8cle - - de la fin du xviiie si\u00e8cle au xxe si\u00e8cle - - chant liturgique \u00e0 l ' \u00e9poque du rattachement \u00e0 la stricte observance - - conclusions - - catalogue des manuscrits liturgiques de la fille - dieu - - catalogue des livres polyphoniques de la fille - dieu .\nle pr\u00e9sent ouvrage dresse le panorama liturgique et musical de l ' abbaye de la fille - dieu ( romont ) , de l ' \u00e9poque de la fondation ( 1268 ) \u00e0 nos jours . il se fonde sur les archives de l ' abbaye et des monast\u00e8res voisins et apparent\u00e9s . il r\u00e9pertorie et commente cent trente - huit documents conserv\u00e9s \u00e0 la fille - dieu et class\u00e9s en deux fonds : les manuscrits liturgiques et les livres polyphoniques . l ' \u00e9tude \u00e9voque en particulier la biblioth\u00e8que m\u00e9di\u00e9vale de l ' abbaye romontoise et les exceptionnels fragments de chant cistercien primitif ( copi\u00e9s vers 1136 ) qu ' elle conserve encore aujourd ' hui . le fonds des livres polyphoniques , compos\u00e9 de trois manuscrits et soixante et un recueils imprim\u00e9s de messes et motets , laisse entrevoir la vitalit\u00e9 avec laquelle la polyphonie et l ' art instrumental furent pratiqu\u00e9s de la fin du xvie si\u00e8cle au xviiie si\u00e8cle . parmi les fleurons de cette collection in\u00e9dite figurent quatre recueils m\u00e9connus d ' auteurs franco - flamands imprim\u00e9s \u00e0 paris , chez pierre attaingnant , de 1545 \u00e0 1550 ; ainsi que l ' harmonicorum fasciculus florum du cistercien bene - dict r\u00fcegg , sorti des presses de l ' abbaye de wettingen en 1701 .\n- - p . [ 4 ] of cover .\ncontents : preface - - in search of jacobus - - motet citations in the speculum , and petrus de cruce - - hitherto proposed authorial candidates , and dating the speculum - - a new candidate for authorship of the speculum - - ispania : other theorists - - another magister jacobus de ispania : james of spain - - the infante enrique of castile , father of jacobus - - james of spain , prince and pluralist - - the author of the speculum - - appendix of poetic texts - - bibliography - - index .\nintroduction : making liturgy - - part i . a troper : 1 . recording music in the tenth century - - 2 . the historical import of a ' troper ' - - part ii . a ritual handbook : 3 . the contested identity of vienna , onb , cod . 1888 - - 4 . intermingled song - - part iii . episcopal liturgy : 5 . itinerant ritual - - 6 . the nascent ' pontifical ' - - part iv . the romano - german pontifical : 7 . the prg in mainz - - conclusion : disentangling liturgy - - bibliography - - index .\nthis highly original study examines the history and religious life of the ottonian church through its ritual books . with forensic attention to the writing and design of four important manuscripts from the city of mainz - a musician ' s troper , a priest ' s ritual handbook , a bishop ' s pontifical and a copy of the enigmatic compilation now known as the ' romano - german pontifical ' - henry parkes transforms liturgical sources into eloquent witnesses to the ecclesiastical history of early medieval germany . he also presents the first comprehensive revision of michel andrieu ' s influential ' romano - german pontifical ' theory , from the dual perspective of mainz ' s cathedral of st martin and its benedictine monastery of st alban . challenging long - held assumptions about the geographies of ottonian power , in particular the central role of mainz and its archbishops , the book opens up important new ways of understanding how religious ritual was organised , transmitted and perceived .\nthe manuscript sources of medieval song rarely fit the description of ' songbook ' easily . instead , they are very often mixed compilations that place songs alongside other diverse contents , and the songs themselves may be inscribed as texts alone or as verbal and musical notation . this book looks afresh at these manuscripts through ten case studies , representing key sources in latin , french , german , and english from across europe during the middle ages . each chapter is authored by a leading expert and treats a case study in detail , including a listing of the manuscript ' s overall contents , a summary of its treatment in scholarship , and up - to - date bibliographical references . drawing on recent scholarly methodologies , the contributors uncover what these books and the songs within them meant to their medieval audience and reveal a wealth of new information about the original contexts of songs both in performance and as committed to parchment .\n1 online resource ( 1 sound file ) . sound : digital . digital : audio file .\nintroduction - - 1 . songs alive - - 2 . how ( not ) to write a motet : the exemplary in virtute / decens - - 3 . motet visions of an apocalyptic statue - - 4 . interlude : nebuchadnezzar ' s dream - - 5 . ars nova and division - - epilogue : the poetics of representation - - appendices : 1 . philippe de vitry , in virtute / decens : texts , translations , and music - - 2 . philippe de vitry , cum statua / hugo : texts , translations , and music - - 3 . philippe de vitry , phi millies / o creator : texts , translations , and music - - 4 . anonymous , post missarum / post misse : texts and translations - - 5 . anonymous , fortune / ma dolour : texts and translations - - 6 . anonymous , amer / durement : texts and translations - - 7 . philippe de vitry , firmissime / adesto : texts and translations - - 8 . anonymous , beatius / cum humanum : texts and translations .\nlate medieval motet texts are brimming with chimeras , centaurs and other strange creatures . in the monstrous new art , anna zayaruznaya explores the musical ramifications of this menagerie in the works of composers guillaume de machaut , philippe de vitry , and their contemporaries . aligning the larger forms of motets with the broad sacred and secular themes of their texts , zayaruznaya shows how monstrous or hybrid exempla are musically sculpted by rhythmic and textural means . these divisive musical procedures point to the contradictory aspects not only of explicitly monstrous bodies , but of such apparently unified entities as the body politic , the courtly lady , and the holy trinity . zayaruznaya casts a new light on medieval modes of musical representation , with profound implications for broader disciplinary narratives about the history of text - music relations , the emergence of musical unity , and the ontology of the musical work .\na polymath and monk , hermannus contractus ( 1013 - 54 ) contributed to the important advancements made in european arts and sciences in the first half off the eleventh century , writing on history , astronomy , and timekeepig devices , among other topics , and composing several chants . his music theory , founded on a systematic treatment of traditional concepts and terminology dating back to the ancient greeks , is concerned largely with the oganization of pitch in gregorian chant .\n- - provided by publisher .\nordre et d\u00e9sordre de l ' espace sonore - - entendre les paysages sonores du moyen \u00e2ge et de la renaissance . l ' approche musicologique - - paysage sonore de la ville assi\u00e9g\u00e9e - - le cri de la cit\u00e9 , le souverain et le chevalier dans quelques romans arthuriens - - \u00e0 cor et \u00e0 cri . le paysage sonore de la justice , en france \u00e0 la fin du moyen \u00e2ge - - oui ou non , les morts font - ils du bruit ? - - chants de guerre et cris d ' armes - - chansons , ballades et complaintes de guerres au xve si\u00e8cle entre exaltation de l ' esprit belliqueux et m\u00e9moire des \u00e9v\u00e9nements - - l ' histoire de la principaut\u00e9 de bourgogne en chansons une propagande bien orchestr\u00e9e - - expressions verbales de la pr\u00e9sence fran\u00e7aise en italie entre xve et xvie si\u00e8cles - - cris de guerre et d ' armes . formes et fonctions de l ' embl\u00e8me sonore m\u00e9di\u00e9val - -\nor oyez . . .\nles h\u00e9rauts d ' armes dans l ' espace sonore - - de l ' onomatop\u00e9e au chant - - paysage sonore et \u00e9criture dramatique : les onomatop\u00e9es dans le th\u00e9\u00e2tre comique autour de 1500 - - cris et mots crus de la polyphonie du xve si\u00e8cle . contribution \u00e0 la g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie du r\u00e9alisme musical avant janequin - - cris et musicalit\u00e9s des jongleurs et des fous dans les manuscrits enlumin\u00e9s ( xiiie - xive si\u00e8cles ) - -\n\u00e0 chant et \u00e0 cris\n: l ' interpr\u00e9tation des cacce italiennes du xvie si\u00e8cle dans les enregistrements discographiques - - \u00e9clats de voix , \u00e9clats de joie : le chant liturgique et le cri de la foi - -\nretiens la nuit pour nous deux . . .\nr\u00e9flexions sur la chanson d ' aube de langue d ' o\u00efl - - paysages sonores et litt\u00e9rature m\u00e9di\u00e9vale : f\u00e9condit\u00e9 et fragilit\u00e9 d ' une rencontre .\n\nsi l ' homme ne retient pas les sons dans sa m\u00e9moire , ils p\u00e9rissent , car ils ne peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9crits\n, d\u00e9plore isidore de s\u00e9ville . par d\u00e9finition , les bruits et les sons s ' envolent , et de fait , \u00e0 premi\u00e8re \u00e9coute , les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s anciennes , le monde d ' avant edison , apparaissent d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment silencieuses . comment \u00e9tudier les bruits , les rumeurs , les clameurs qui animent le monde m\u00e9di\u00e9val ? peut - on m\u00eame se repr\u00e9senter ces centaines de cloches qui , dans une ville comme paris , sonnent \u00e0 la vol\u00e9e les heures de la journ\u00e9e ? peut - on imaginer les embarras de rues \u00e9troites o\u00f9 se c\u00f4toient hommes et b\u00eates , o\u00f9 hurlent du matin au soir crieurs et colporteurs ? c ' est cet ensemble qui constitue un paysage sonore . depuis les travaux pionniers de r . murray schafer et d ' alain corbin , l ' histoire du sensible a suscit\u00e9 un int\u00e9r\u00eat qui ne s ' est jamais d\u00e9menti , et qui a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 un grand nombre de travaux pour les xixe et xxe si\u00e8cles . or , le moyen \u00e2ge est moins silencieux qu ' on pourrait le croire , et une partie au moins des sons quotidiens et familiers se retrouve transcrite dans des chroniques , des chansonniers , des romans , voire dans des actes judiciaires . il s ' agit de les retrouver , de les analyser et de les donner \u00e0 entendre de nouveau , dans une sorte d ' extraordinaire essai d ' arch\u00e9ologie sonore . partageant le m\u00eame int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la perception sensible de l ' univers m\u00e9di\u00e9val , laurent vissi\u00e8re et laurent hablot se sont attach\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9unir autour du th\u00e8me des paysages sonores des historiens , des musicologues et des litt\u00e9raires dans une perspective r\u00e9solument interdisciplinaire . rassemblant leurs savoirs , ces sp\u00e9cialistes du moyen \u00e2ge et de la renaissance nous font entendre ici le bruissement oubli\u00e9 du quotidien des femmes et des hommes de jadis .\n- - page 4 of cover .\nprelude acknowledgments a note on transliteration overture performance , nostalgia , and the rhetoric of al - andalus : mediterranean soundings 1 . in the shadows of ziryab : narratives of al - andalus and andalusian music 2 . the rhetoric of al - andalus in modern syria , or , there and back again 3 . the rhetoric of al - andalus in morocco : genealogical imagination and authenticity 4 . the rhetoric of al - andalus in spain : nostalgic dwelling among the children of ziryab finalis the project of al - andalus and nostalgic dwelling in the 21st century glossary notes references index .\nperforming al - andalus explores three musical cultures that claim a connection to the music of medieval iberia , the islamic kingdom of al - andalus , known for its complex mix of arab , north african , christian , and jewish influences . jonathan holt shannon shows that the idea of a shared andalusian heritage animates performers and aficionados in modern - day syria , morocco , and spain , but with varying and sometimes contradictory meanings in different social and political contexts . as he traces the movements of musicians , songs , histories , and memories circulating around the mediterranean , he argues that attention to such flows offers new insights into the complexities of culture and the nuances of selfhood .\nbloomington , indiana ; indianapolis , [ indiana ] : indiana university press , 2015 .\ndi 1 ban . \u7b2c1\u7248 . - shanghai : shanghai gu ji chu ban she , 2015 . \u4e0a\u6d77 : \u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e , 2015 .\nxvii , 216 , a32 pages : ill . , music ; 24 cm .\nanthology for music in the medieval west , part of the western music in context series , is the ideal companion to music in the medieval west . forty - four carefully chosen works - including plainchant , the earliest experiments in polyphony , excerpts from latin liturgical dramas , and the elaborate polyphony of the fourteenth century - offer representative examples of the music of the period . commentaries following each score present a careful analysis of the music , and online links to purchase and download recordings make listening easier than ever .\nl ' ars nova italiana del trecento . 8 , beyond 50 years of ars nova studies at certaldo , 1959 - 2009 : atti del convegno internazionale di studi ( certaldo , palazzo pretorio , 12 - 14 giugno 2009 )\na modo di prologo . convergenze tra filologia testuale e filologia musicale / giuseppe tavani\ni mottetti nei frammenti d - mbs 3223 , ccl . 499 e cortona , archivio storico del comune 2 / oliver huck\nmusical analysis and the characterization of compositional identity : new evidence for the anonymous\nchecca tte piaccia\n/ jeannie ma . guerrero\nthe sources and early readers of ugolino of orvieto ' s\ndeclaratio musice discipline\n/ evan a . maccarthy\npreface with acknowledgements - - abbreviations - - introduction - - part one : citation , genre , and experiments in song in the early fourteenth century - - 1 . cantilena entata : etymologies and the grafted song ca . 1300 - - 2 . grafting song in paris : the lyric works of jehannot de lescurel - - 3 . experimental song - writing in the roman de fauvel - - part two : performing citation in court and city : the rise of the fixed forms - - 4 . performing nonsense at court : watriquet de couvin ' s fastras - - 5 . citation and ritual at the puys of valenciennes and paris - - 6 . jehan de le mote and the rise of the ballade - - 7 . citing the classics : mythological ballades by le mote , vitry , and campion - - part three : machaut and the art of grafted song - - 8 . machaut ' s heritage : tracing citations in his lyrics and songs - - 9 . self - citation and lyric process in la loange des dames - - 10 . the dynamics of duplication : staging debate in machaut ' s voir dit - - epilogue - - bibliography ."]}
{"id": 382, "summary": [{"text": "the podocopida are an order of ostracods in the subclass podocopa .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it is divided into five suborders \u2013 bairdiocopina , cypridocopina , cytherocopina , darwinulocopina , and sigilliocopina .", "topic": 7}, {"text": "it is the most diverse of the four orders of ostracods , and also has a rich fossil record . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "podocopida", "paragraphs": ["kento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30dd\u30c9\u30b3\u30d4\u30c0\u76ee\nto\npodocopida\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30ab\u30a4\u30df\u30b8\u30f3\u30b3\u76ee\nto\npodocopida\n.\non limnocytherina axalapasco , a new freshwater ostracod ( podocopida : limnocytheridae ) from mexican crater lakes .\non limnocytherina axalapasco , a new freshwater ostracod ( podocopida : limnocytheridae ) from mexican crater lakes . - pubmed - ncbi\nbrand\u00e3o , s . n . ; angel , m . v . ; karanovic , i . ; perrier , v . & meidla , t . ( 2018 ) . world ostracoda database . podocopida . accessed at : urltoken ; = 1091 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nbrand\u00e3o , s . n . ; angel , m . v . ; karanovic , i . ; perrier , v . & meidla , t . ( 2018 ) . world ostracoda database . podocopida . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 1091 on 2018 - 07 - 09\norder podocopida ordovician to present ; antennae uniramous ; 5 pairs of postoral appendages ; marine , freshwater , and terrestrial . class malacostraca cambrian to present ; typically with compound eyes , stalked or sessile ; 8 thoracic and 6 abdominal segments , each potentially capable of bearing a pair of appendages ; about 22 , 000 species . \u2026\nmartin , j . w . , & davis , g . e . ( 2001 ) . an updated classification of the recent crustacea . science series , 39 . natural history museum of los angeles county . los angeles , ca ( usa ) . 124 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nintegrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nyan wong marked\nfile : costanera de la ciudad de paran\u00e1 . jpg\nas hidden on the\ncosta neviani 1928\npage .\nyan wong marked\nfile : costanera de la ciudad de paran\u00e1 . jpg\nas untrusted on the\ncosta neviani 1928\npage . reasons to untrust : incorrect / misleading\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\n, littoral and sub - littoral , some ( particularly in freshwater ) are planktonic ; hence not keyed out here . with some 1600 species worldwide , this is the largest group of recent ostracoda .\nsorry , there are no images or audio / video clips available for this taxon .\nthis is a directory page . britannica does not currently have an article on this topic .\ndog , ( canis lupus familiaris ) , domestic mammal of the family canidae ( order carnivora ) . it is a subspecies\u2026\nhorse , ( equus caballus ) , a hoofed , herbivorous mammal of the family equidae . it comprises a single species , \u2026\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b39eaad5 - 87b6 - 4a7b - 90b9 - 269b56b0a4a5\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 114deb37 - 88f1 - 4bc7 - 8832 - 16a1e19c8319\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 262261\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nresearch support , u . s . gov ' t , non - p . h . s .\nformerly , shannon point marine center , western washington university , anacortes , washington .\nto learn more about subscribing to accessscience , or to request a no - risk trial of this award - winning scientific reference for your institution , fill in your information and a member of our sales team will contact you as soon as possible .\nlet your librarian know about the award - winning gateway to the most trustworthy and accurate \u0003scientific information .\nrecognized as an award - winning gateway to scientific knowledge , accessscience is an amazing online resource that contains high - quality reference material written specifically for students . its dedicated editorial team is led by sagan award winner john rennie . contributors include more than 9000 highly qualified scientists and 42 nobel prize winners .\ncopyright \u00a9 mcgraw - hill global education holdings , llc . all rights reserved .\nprivacy notice . any use is subject to the terms of use . additional credits and copyright information ."]}
{"id": 385, "summary": [{"text": "the paropsonemids are problematic fossils known from the early cambrian to devonian periods , which may be related to the cambrian eldoniids .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "they are typified by the chengjiang genus paropsonema . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "paropsonemid", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for paropsonemid definition . you find here paropsonemid meaning , synonyms of paropsonemid and images for paropsonemid copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word paropsonemid . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word paropsonemid and , of course , paropsonemid synonyms and on the right images related to the word paropsonemid .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\naa ( department of earth sciences , university of cambridge , cambridge cb2 3eq , uk . )\nnature , volume 361 , issue 6409 , pp . 219 - 225 ( 1993 ) . ( nature homepage )\nthe appearance of the multicellular animals , or metazoa , in the fossil record about 600 million years ago marks a revolution in the history of life . molecular biology is continuing to increase our understanding of metazoan evolution , yet information from fossils is still an important component in deciphering metazoan phylogeny , and data on rapidly radiating animal groups place early metazoan evolution in a new perspective .\nd . friend , a . yu . zhuravlev , and i . a . solov\u2019ev ( 2002 ) .\nthis page was last modified on 8 december 2015 , at 15 : 37 .\nthis article ' s content derived from wikipedia , the free encyclopedia ( see original source ) .\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nthe eldonides are an extinct group of soft - bodied animals , which lived from 530 \u00bf 370 million years ago . examining how they were preserved as fossils , in comparison to some of the oldest animal fossils , suggests that animal life could have existed for millions of years before becoming capable of fossilisation .\nthis item is available under the attribution - noncommercial - noderivs 3 . 0 ireland . no item may be reproduced for commercial purposes . please refer to the publisher ' s url where this is made available , or to notes contained in the item itself . other terms may apply .\nif you know the book but cannot find it on abebooks , we can automatically search for it on your behalf as new inventory is added . if it is added to abebooks by one of our member booksellers , we will notify you !\nby using the web site , you confirm that you have read , understood , and agreed to be bound by the terms and conditions . copyright \u00a9 1996 - 2018 abebooks inc . & abebooks europe gmbh . all rights reserved .\nsorry , preview is currently unavailable . you can download the paper by clicking the button above .\nenter the email address you signed up with and we ' ll email you a reset link ."]}
{"id": 394, "summary": [{"text": "epiphyas lycodes is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from tasmania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of open subalpine forests . ", "topic": 24}], "title": "epiphyas lycodes", "paragraphs": ["epiphyas postvittana ( walker , 1863 ) = teras basialbana walker , 1863 = pandemis consociana walker , 1863 = tortrix dissipata meyrick , 1922 = dichelia foedana walker , 1863 = tortrix oenopa meyrick , 1910 = tortrix phaeosticha turner , 1938 = tortrix pyrrhula meyrick , 1910 = dichelia retractana walker , 1863 = teras retractana walker , 1863 = dichelia reversana walker , 1863 = teras scitulana walker , 1863 = teras secretana walker , 1863 = tortrix stipularis meyrick , 1910 = dichelia vicariana walker , 1869 .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nmeyrick , e . 1910 ,\nrevision of australian tortricina\n, proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , vol . 35 , pp . 139 - 294\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 72358fab - 7294 - 494b - af93 - 3647a1484278\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 311569\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 403, "summary": [{"text": "cylindrifrons is a genus of moths of the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it contains only one species , cylindrifrons succandidalis , which is found in north america , where it has been recorded from alberta , arizona , california , nevada , new mexico and utah . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "cylindrifrons", "paragraphs": ["photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 22 . 15f ; p . 173 . book review and ordering\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\npoole , r . w . , and p . gentili ( eds . ) . 1996 . nomina insecta nearctica : a checklist of the insects of north america . volume 3 ( diptera , lepidoptera , siphonaptera ) . entomological information services , rockville , md .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\ngoogle maps is a web mapping service provided by google that features a map that users can pan ( by dragging the mouse ) and zoom ( by using the mouse wheel ) . collection points are displayed as colored markers that when clicked on , displays the full information for that collection . when multiple species are queried ( separated by semi - colons ) , different colored markers denote each individual species .\nthis creates an kml file that can be opened in the google earth mapping application . note that you must have google earth installed on your computer to make use of this option ."]}
{"id": 404, "summary": [{"text": "the chestnut-backed antbird ( myrmeciza exsul ) is a passerine bird in the antbird family .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "it is found in humid forests in central and south america ( choc\u00f3-magdalena ) , ranging from eastern nicaragua to western ecuador .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it mainly occurs in lowlands up to an altitude of 900 metres ( 3,000 ft ) m , but locally it occurs higher .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "this is a common bird in the understory thickets of wet forest , especially at edges , along streams and in old treefall clearings , and in adjacent tall second growth .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the female lays two purple or red-brown spotted white eggs , which are incubated by both sexes , in an untidy cup nest which is constructed from vines , plant fibre and dead leaves and placed low in vegetation .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the male and female parents both feed the chicks .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the chestnut-backed antbird is heavy-bodied and short-tailed , typically 14 centimetres ( 5.5 in ) long , and weighing 28 grams ( 0.99 oz ) .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "both sexes have a pale blue bare patch of skin around each eye .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the adult male has a blackish head , neck and breast , and the rest of the upperparts , wings and tail are chestnut .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the flanks and the lower belly are a somewhat darker brown .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the female has a brownish-black head and neck , but this does not extend to the breast .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "her underparts are a darker chestnut in the nominate subspecies of the caribbean lowlands from nicaragua to panama , but more rufous in m. e. occidentalis of the pacific lowlands in costa rica and panama .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "m. e. niglarus from eastern panama and far north-western colombia ( northern choc\u00f3 department ) is similar .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "young birds are duller and slatier than the adults .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "the subspecies found in far south-east panama ( dari\u00e9n province ) , colombia ( except northern choc\u00f3 department ) and ecuador , m. e. maculifer and m. e. cassini , have two wing bars consisting of white spots .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "they were once considered a separate species , the wing-spotted antbird ( m. maculifer ) , but are vocally similar to the subspecies without spots on the wings , and the two groups hybridize where their distributions come into contact .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "this species has a grating naar call , and the male \u2019s song is a whistled peeet peeew answered by the female \u2019s higher pitched version .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "the chestnut-backed antbird is normally found as pairs throughout the year , but occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks or army ants .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "it feeds on insects , other arthropods , and sometimes small frogs or lizards taken from leaf litter and vine tangles in low vegetation or on the ground .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "it is easier to hear than see in its dense habitat , but can be attracted by imitating its whistled song .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "it may then give a territorial display with puffed-up body , drooped wings , and pumping tail . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "chestnut - backed antbird", "paragraphs": ["nonbreeding territorial behavior of two congeneric antbirds , chestnut - backed antbird ( myrmeciza exsul ) and white - bellied antbird ( m . longipes )\na pair of chestnut - backed antbirds foraging and singing about 4 m from me , in the rain .\nthe signature look of three species of antbird found on the osa peninsula of costa rica is the blue orbital skin ( the skin surrounding the eye ) . the chestnut - backed antbird is one of these species and is distinguished from the others by its slate colored head and chestnut back . the other antbird that you are likely to see here with the blue orbital skin is the bicolored antbird , but it is distinguished by its white neck and belly .\nthe antbird was only 1 m from me , sang twice , then flew away .\nchestnut - backed antbirds ( myrmeciza exsul ) are common residents of the osa peninsula and one of the most abundant species found here . it is difficult to walk outside here at friends of the osa\u2019s osa biodiversity center and not hear two or three individuals counter - singing . often times when the rest of the forest has become fairly quiet you can always count on a chestnut - backed antbird to let you know that all is as it should be .\nthe chestnut - backed antbird is one of many secretive forest understory species that is far more often heard than seen . the song - - a two - or three - note whistle - - is a common feature of many lowland forests throughout the species\u2019 range . like most antbirds , the species has no special predilection for foraging at army - ant swarms , though it does so opportunistically when a swarm passes through a territory . the specific name exsul ( \u201cstranger\u201d in latin ) may have reflected its sporadic appearance at ant swarms to early naturalists who believed all antbirds followed army ants . unlike many forest - dwelling antbird species , the chestnut - backed antbird is often found in even small forest patches in fragmented landscapes , and it has flourished on barro colorado island , panama , despite being a demonstrably isolated population .\nzimmer , k . , isler , m . l . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . chestnut - backed antbird ( poliocrania exsul ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\nas you can tell by the name , chestnut - backed antbirds follow army ant swarms ; however , they only do this occasionally and are not considered obligate , or professional , army ant followers . they are strongly associated with the dark undergrowth of wet tropical forests within dense vegetation especially near overgrown treefalls or dense thickets . they often join mixed species flocks but won\u2019t necessarily move along the forest with the flock , but will rather join them while ant swarms are moving through the dense thickets in which the chestnut - backed antbirds are found . once the army ant swarm or the mixed species flock is gone , they will remain in the undergrowth found in their territory . many tropical birds follow army ant swarms to pick up insects flushed by the ants , not to eat the ants themselves . chestnut - backed antbirds mainly hop along very low lying perches or along the ground and peck their prey , which mainly consists of insects and spiders from the ground or near the ground vegetation .\n13\u00b75\u201314\u00b75 cm ; 24\u201330 g . male nominate race has head , throat and upper breast greyish black ; upperparts and tail dark chestnut , wing - coverts blacker , . . .\na pair of chestnut - backed antbirds was foraging near the ground , and i made my way close to intercept them . the two moved to within 2 m and 5 m of me . they sang their typical , 2 - element song ( e . g . , 0 : 00 , 0 : 08 , 0 : 17 ; the loudest at 1 : 19 and 1 : 29 ) . in addition , for about 12 seconds starting at 0 : 20 , the closer one sang a quiet little song . they continued to forage and sing as they moved away from me .\nauthors : stefan woltmann , ryan s . terrill , matthew j . miller , and matthew l . brady\nwoltmann , s . , r . s . terrill , m . j . miller , and m . l . brady ( 2010 ) .\n) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .\na pair that stayed within 1 to 3 m of one another as they sang and foraged . they were about 3 m and 5 m from me . the call at 0 : 23 also was from one of the antbirds .\none individual singing at low level and flying away . habitat : secondary forest .\nthe bird was calling as it foraged on some dead branches about 0 . 5 m from the ground , about 3 to 4 m from me .\nbird was singing the\ncome here\nsong within 1 m of me , as if i were not there , about 0 . 5 m from ground in brush right along pipeline road . another adult was singing the\ncome here\nsong at least 80 m away . location was about 400 m north of juan grande .\nbird was singing the\ncome here\nsong within 1 m of me , as if i were not there , about 0 . 5 m from ground in brush right along pipeline road . his / her mate was nearby singing the barking aargh call . another adult was singing the\ncome here\nsong at least 80 m away . location was about 400 m north of juan grande .\non loop trail . two birds foraging on ground very close to trail and calling in response to playback .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nhitherto considered conspecific with p . maculifer ( which see ) . plumage differences among races may reflect clinal variation . three subspecies recognized .\n( cherrie , 1891 ) \u2013 pacific slope in costa rica and w panama ( chiriqu\u00ed , veraguas ) .\n( wetmore , 1962 ) \u2013 e panama ( from col\u00f3n e of canal , and pacific slope in panam\u00e1 province and nw dari\u00e9n ) and adjacent extreme nw colombia ( n choc\u00f3 ) .\nloudsong 2\u20133 mellow , slightly downslurred whistles , intervals between them typically longer . . .\nunderstorey of humid evergreen forest and adjacent mature second - growth woodland ; mostly below 900 . . .\nfeeds on a variety of insects and other arthropods ; also occasionally on small lizards and frogs . stomach contents from panama include . . .\nseason late mar\u2013aug ( perhaps mar\u2013oct ) in costa rica and apr\u2013nov in panama . nest a compact or bulky and messy cup , one in . . .\npresumed resident . home - range size in sw costa rica varied from 1\u00b702\u20132\u00b776 ha to . . .\nnot globally threatened ( least concern ) . fairly common to common throughout most of its range . occurs in a number of protected areas , e . g . saslaya national park and r\u00ed . . .\nonly subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !\nonly members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !\nrecent phylogenetic studies # r # r # r have led to internal clarification of family and its division into two subfamilies , thamnophilinae and myrmornithinae ; subsequent work has erected a third , euchrepomidinae ( see below , euchrepomis ) .\nrecent phylogenetic studies # r # r # r have led to distribution of taxa included herein into five tribes , microrhopiini , formicivorini , thamnophilini , pithyini and pyriglenini .\ntraditionally included in myrmeciza ( which see ) , but recently split as a new genus # r # r ; forms a clade with ampelornis and sipia .\nget access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 \u20ac ( instead of 59 . 90 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 85 \u20ac )\nsupporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .\nview more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 9 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 134 . 85 \u20ac )\nthere is a registration fee of 20\u20ac . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won\u2019t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .\nif you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .\nthis map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .\nthey are territorial throughout the entire year and both the male and female sing duets back and forth to each other and in response to their nearest neighbors . when disturbed , they will pump their tail downward , droop their wings , and fluff up their feathers . they nest low in small bushes or debris during the rainy season from april to october . they usually lay two eggs and both parents incubate and tend to their young .\nwe would like to thank both alan dahl from focused on nature and gianfranco gomez from the drake bay rainforest chalet for allowing us to showcase their photographs .\nwe noticed that you ' re using an unsupported browser . the tripadvisor website may not display properly . we support the following browsers :\ncarara national park is south of the rio tarcoles and 15 km north of . . .\ncarara national park is south of the rio tarcoles and 15 km north of jaco dentral . it boasts of a large population of breeding scarlet macaws , capuchin monkeys , anteaters , parrots , aracaris , kingfishers old growth forest and is a transistional forest supporting both amazonian and mesoamerican habitats .\nthere is a tremendous amount to see in carara park , especially if you are interested in the birds of costa rica . for birders , i would highly recommend johan chavez as your guide . brilliant young man who knows the birds and all other aspects of carara and costa rica natural history . we spent two days with him and loved the trip . . . .\n* tripadvisor llc is not a booking agent and does not charge any service fees to users of our site . . . (\ntripadvisor llc is not responsible for content on external web sites . taxes , fees not included for deals content .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nstri staff publications [ 3666 ] a collection of scientific publications by stri staff ."]}
{"id": 412, "summary": [{"text": "the brown-throated wattle-eye ( platysteira cyanea ) , also known as the common wattle-eye or scarlet-spectacled wattle-eye , is a small , insectivorous passerine bird .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the wattle-eyes were previously classed as a subfamily of the old world flycatcher family muscicapidae , but are now usually separated from that group .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "this species breeds in west , central and northeast tropical africa .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "this common species is found in secondary forest and other woodland areas , including gardens .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the eggs are laid in a small neat lichen and cobweb cup low in a tree or bush .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the adult brown-throated wattle-eye is a stout bird about 14 cm ( 5.5 in ) long .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "the breeding male has glossy black upperparts , and white underparts with a neat black breast band .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "there is a strong white wingbar , and fleshy red wattles above the eye .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the females are grey-black above , and also have the white wing bar and red wattles .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "there is a small patch of white below the bill , and the throat and breast are maroon , separated from the white belly by the black breast band .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "young males are washed-out , greyer versions of the female .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "these active insect-eating birds are found in pairs or small groups .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "the ringing call of the brown-throated wattle-eye is a very characteristic six note doo-dd-dum-di-do-do . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "brown - throated wattle - eye", "paragraphs": ["this birds call bears some resemblance to black - throated wattle - eye , though they are not known to intergrade .\nfew birds are named after the plumage of the female , but brown - throated wattle - eye ( platysteira castanea ) is one of them . the following photo is of a male .\nlouette , m . ( 2018 ) . brown - throated wattle - eye ( platysteira cyanea ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\n13 cm ; 12\u201317 g . black and white flycatcher - like bird with fleshy red eye wattle and white wingstripe . male nominate has top of head and mantle glossy bluish - black , . . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ndel hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .\njustification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthe global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be uncommon to common ( urban et al . 1997 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\n( statius m\u00fcller , 1776 ) \u2013 senegal e to w central african republic , s to nw angola and nw drcongo ( s approximately to r congo ) .\nneumann , 1905 \u2013 e central african republic and c & e drcongo ( from lower and middle r congo ) e to s south sudan , w kenya , and nw tanzania including islands in l victoria ( kome , ukerewe ) .\nvery extensive repertoire . song a series of plaintive ( sometimes descibed as \u201cmelodious . . .\narray of wooded habitats , including forest clearings ; avoids primary forest , but occurs in sahel . . .\narthropods . many orders of insects recorded , lepidopterans , hymenopterans , termites ( isoptera ) , orthopterans , flies ( diptera ) , bugs ( . . .\nseems to nest for much of year in equatorial areas ; adults feeding young and fledglings in jan , mar and jul\u2013aug in cameroon ; . . .\nresident , but probably some local seasonal movement in w africa ; more common in gambia during rains . . .\nnot globally threatened . generally common . in liberia , locally 3\u20135 singing males / 10 ha . in cameroon , very common across the forest , the adamawa and the benue plain . in . . .\nonly subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !\nonly members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !\nget access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 \u20ac ( instead of 59 . 90 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 85 \u20ac )\nsupporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .\nview more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 9 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 134 . 85 \u20ac )\nthere is a registration fee of 20\u20ac . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won\u2019t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .\nif you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .\nthis map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .\nfive males changing perch frequently , flicking their wings , singing and calling around a female hidden inside a bush ( see xc247571 ) . habitat : secondary evergreen forest , garden .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmyavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .\nthere are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .\nthere are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .\nhoward and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :\nyou must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .\navibase has been visited 263 , 296 , 425 times since 24 june 2003 . \u00a9 denis lepage | privacy policy\nthis species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : platysteira cyanea . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\n\u00a9 2012 the field museum . all rights reserved . 1400 s lake shore dr , chicago il 60605 ( 312 ) 922 - 9401\nall ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair\nall records ( accepted , rejected , pending ) . to filter / search please enter a phrase . e . g . to filter rejected records , type rejected into the search box , all columns can be filtered .\nhave you seen something interesting ? click submit to share your rare bird sightings via our simple form .\n\u00a9 2018 birdguides , warners group publications plc . all rights reserved . company registered in england no . 2572212 | vat registration no . gb 638 3492 15\nplease note flash is required to use the features of this site . please update your flash player .\nthe british library board acknowledges the intellectual property rights of those named as contributors to this recording and the rights of those not identified . legal and ethical usage \u00bb"]}
{"id": 431, "summary": [{"text": "bodianus busellatus , is a species of wrasse native to tropical and warm temperate waters of the south central pacific , particularly the marshall islands . ", "topic": 3}], "title": "bodianus busellatus", "paragraphs": ["bodianus _ busellatus _ not _ bilunulatus _ n _ sp _ lateral _ 285 _ mmsl _ marq - 453 _ jtwilliams _ marq - 2011 - 33 _ 2011 - 11 - 10 _ 18 - 02 - 43 . jpg\nbodianus after bodiano or pudiano , from the portuguese pudor , meaning modesty ( jordan & evermann , 1896 ) .\ngomon , m . f . ( 2006 ) . a revision of the labrid fish genus bodianus with descriptions of eight new species . rec . aust . mus . suppl . 30 : 1 - 133 . [ details ]\ngomon , m . f . , 2006 . a revision of the labrid fish genus bodianus with descriptions of eight new species . rec . aust . mus . suppl . 30 : 1 - 133 . ( ref . 75973 )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\njustification : this species has a very restricted range and little is known about its population and life history characteristics . however , there are no major threats known . it is therefore listed as least concern .\nthis species was taken only in fatu hiva and nuku hiva within the marquesas islands , and henderson island and ducie atoll in the pitcairn group . although regions adjoining these islands have not been thoroughly sampled , it has not been encountered elsewhere in the tuamotu archipelago even though the area has been explored ( randall pers . comm . in gomon 2006 ) .\nthis is a large species , to about 315 mm sl . it inhabits coral reefs in depths of 13 - 74 m .\nthere are no known major threats to this species . it is possibly caught as bycatch .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nphoto by cambraia duarte , p . m . n . ( c ) imagdop\n, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .\n, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .\n, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .\ncfm script by eagbayani , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by cmilitante , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by cmilitante , 14 / 03 / 2013\nname from the latin prefix bu meaning large , and noun sella for saddle , plus the adjectival suffix atus , in reference to the large black saddle - like spot on the caudal peduncle of this species and the spot is considerably larger in individuals of this species than in those of its cognates .\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01202 ( 0 . 00558 - 0 . 02589 ) , b = 3 . 06 ( 2 . 88 - 3 . 24 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 \u00b10 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives\nresilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 47 of 100 ) .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nthe webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license\nfroese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n- field id : marq - 453 - collection date : 2011 - 11 - 10 - gps : - 10 , 471 / - 138 , 67697 - depth : - 25m - standard length : 285mm - coi dna seq . : cctttatttagtatttggtgcctgagccggaatagtcggcaccgcgctaagtttacttatccgggccgaactaagccaacccggtgctctcctcggagacgaccagatttataatgttatcgttacggcacacgccttcgtaataatcttctttatagtaatacccattatgattggaggttttggaaactgacttatccctctaataattggggcccccgacatggcatttcctcgaatgaacaacatgagcttctgactcctccctccatctttcctactgctgttagcctcttcaggcgtagaagcaggagctggcaccggatggaccgtttatccgcccctagcaggcaatctagcccatgcgggagcatccgtcgatttaaccatcttctcccttcacctagccggggtctcctcaattttaggtgcaattaactttatcaccacaattattaacataaaaccaccagccatctctcaatatcaaacccctctctttgtttgagccgtcctaattaccgctgtactacttctgctctctctccccgtcctggccgccggcattacaatgctattaacagaccgaaacctaaatactacattctttgacccagccggcggaggggacccgattctataccaacacctcttc\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services ."]}
{"id": 464, "summary": [{"text": "rudenia sepulturae is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in south-eastern mexico .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 7.5 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the ground colour of the forewings is greyish white with grey suffusions , especially in the distal third of the wing and at the base .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey white , slightly tinged with brownish in the posterior half . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "rudenia sepulturae", "paragraphs": ["rubroxena razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 34 . type species : rubroxena rubra razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 . [ tortricinae : euliini ] rubra razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( rubroxena ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 35 . tl : ecuador ( azuay , 25 km s cuenca , puerto de tinajilla ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . rudenia sepulturae razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( rudenia ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) : 110 . tl : mexico ( chihuahua , la sepultura ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . saphenista alpha razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 101 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . beta razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 102 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . chlorfascia razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 103 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . cubana razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 71 . tl : cuba ( santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . novaelimae razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 104 . tl : brazil ( nova lima ) . holotype ( ) : vbc .\n51 species are treated . 32 new species ( henricus bibelonus sp . n . , h . platanillanus sp . n . , h . cuspis sp . n . , h . bleptus sp . n . , parirazona bomana sp . n . , p . caraca sp . n . , marylinka secunda sp . n . , phalonidia linharesa sp . n . , p . phlebotoma sp . n . , p . fariasana sp . n . , p . cerina sp . n . , p . monocera sp . n . , p . psephena sp . n . , velhoania paradoxa sp . n . , lasiothyris exoch a sp . n . , macasinia vilhena sp . n . , saphenista rhabducha sp . n . , s . chorfascia sp . n . , s . scalena sp . n . , s . alpha sp . n . , s . beta sp . n . , s . solisae sp . n . , s . novaelimae sp . n . , platphalonidia capadana sp . n . , eugnosta ensinoana sp . n . , e . jequieta sp . n . , e . cipoana sp . n . , e . fernandoana sp . n . , rudenia sepulturae sp . n . , deltophalonia indanzae sp . n . , phaniola caboana sp . n . , caraccochylis framea sp . n . , cochylis serrana sp . n . ) and two new genera ( velhoania gen . n . , caraccochylis gen . n . ) are described . the material studied is from mexico , brazil , and ecuador . the data on distribution and morphology are provided .\n51 species are treated . 32 new species ( henricus bibelonus sp . n . , h . platanillanus sp . n . , h . cuspis sp . n . , h . bleptus sp . n . , parirazona bomana sp . n . , p . caraca sp . n . , marylinka secunda sp . n . , phalonidia linharesa sp . n . , p . phlebotoma sp . n . , p . fariasana sp . n . , p . cerina sp . n . , p . monocera sp . n . , p . psephena sp . n . , velhoania paradoxa sp . n . , lasiothyris exoch a sp . n . , macasinia vilhena sp . n . , saphenista rhabducha sp . n . , s . chorfascia sp . n . , s . scalena sp . n . , s . alpha sp . n . , s . beta sp . n . , s . solisae sp . n . , s . novaelimae sp . n . , platphalonidia capadana sp . n . , eugnosta ensinoana sp . n . , e . jequieta sp . n . , e . cipoana sp . n . , e . fernandoana sp . n . , rudenia sepulturae sp . n . , deltophalonia indanzae sp . n . , phaniola caboana sp . n . , caraccochylis framea sp . n . , cochylis serrana sp . n . ) and two new genera ( velhoania gen . n . , caraccochylis gen . n . ) are described . the material studied is from mexico , brazil , and ecuador . the data on distribution and morphology are provided .\nsystematic and faunistic data on neotropical cochylini ( lepidopte . . . : ingenta connect\nsystematic and faunistic data on neotropical cochylini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , with description of new species . part 2\nacta zoologica cracoviensia for several years was published as two series : a\u2013vertebrata , and b\u2013invertebrata . from 2012 on it is continued under its former title\u2013 without separate series . the journal includes original contributions on systematics , phylogeny , biogeography , ecology and paleontology of terrestrial and fresh - water animals worldwide . all papers are subject to peer reviews . click here to see current issues of this journal .\ningenta . article copyright remains with the publisher , society or author ( s ) as specified within the article .\nwebsite makes use of cookies so as to keep track of data that you have filled in .\nsystematic and faunistic data on neotropical cochylini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , with description of new species . part 2 | request pdf\nfor full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .\n. . . in argentina , the genus cochylis is not well known , with literature searches only revealing one other documented species , cochylis argentinana ( razowski & becker 2002 ) . within the tribe . . .\n. . . cochylini , there are roughly 430 documented species ( razowski & becker 2002 ) . the majority of cochylines feed within the asteraceae , but host specificity at the species - or generic - level has not been studied for most species ( brown 2008 ) . . . .\n. . . brown ( 2005 ) listed 68 species and five subspecies . subsequently , brown ( 2006 ) described a new species from argentina ; razowski and wojtusiak ( 2006 ) described a new species from venezuela ; razowski and becker ( 2007a , b ) described a new species from argentina and cuba respectively ; metzler and forbes ( 2012 ) described a new species from the usa . cochylis nana ( haworth , 1811 ) and c . voxcana ( kearfott , 1907 ) were transferred to the genus thyraylia walsingham , 1897 ( gilligan et al . 2012 ) . . . .\n. . . the sclerotized socii are attached laterally to the apex of the tegumen ; the transtilla is strong , the mesal process is upturned and stout ; the valva is simple ; and the phallus contains a single stout cornutus . carolella busck , 1939 has been considered a synonym of eugnosta or a separate genus by different authors ( e . g . , pogue 1986 , brown 2005 , razowski 1998 , 2011 , razowski & becker 2007 ) . pogue ( 1986 ) noted the close relationship between the genera . . . .\n. . . brown ( 2005 ) followed pogue and listed them as separate genera . razowski ( 1998 razowski ( , 2011 ) and razowski & becker ( 2007 ) synonymized carolella with eugnosta . eugnosta brownana appears to share characters of both genera , thus we follow razowski ( 2011 ) . . . .\nsystematics and faunistics of neotropical eucosmini , 4 : three new genera and their species ( lepidopt . . .\nthree genera ( brasilnotia gen . n . , malinova gen . n . , tiburica gen . n . ) and three species ( brasilnotia planaltinana sp . n . , malinova novaelimae sp . n . , tiburica paranae sp . n . ) from brazil are described and illustrated .\nsystematics and faunistics of neotropical olethreutini , 3 : omiostola meyrick , 1922 ( lepidoptera : tor . . .\nseven species of omiostola are recorded from brazil , ecuador and cuba , four of which ( o . longimacula , o . paragerda , o . manca , o . macella ) are described as new . an alphabetical list of the known species of the genus is provided . o . macrotrachela is synonymized with o . hemeropis . episimus melanaspis and e . varablancana are transferred to omiostola .\nsystematics and faunistics of neotropical grapholitini , 5 : phloerampha , goditha and ranapoaca ( lepid . . .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a fact about rudens m\u0113nesis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for rudens m\u0113nesis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\ngithub is home to over 28 million developers working together to host and review code , manage projects , and build software together .\nyou signed in with another tab or window . reload to refresh your session .\nyou signed out in another tab or window . reload to refresh your session .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\non the dna barcode , the 680 bp piece of the mitochondrial gene coi . although our results obviously will reflect a subjective assessment of characters and relationships , they will represent hypotheses against which future molecular and morphological work can be tested . please consider joining us in cluj and sharing your expertise on your favorite taxon . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _\nbyun . if you have questions , please contact me or b . - k . byun ( [ email protected ] ) . thanks for your contributions \u00ad keep them coming . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _\nare bolded ( e . g . , page 55 , 56 , 59 ) , but in the remainder they are not . there are scattered trivial errors in punctuation and grammar , but these are few and do not detract from the overall presentation . also , i prefer a measurement of & quot ; forewing length & quot ; to the & quot ; wing span & quot ; used by razowski . but these are all trivial criticisms . tortricidae of the palaearctic region is an exceedingly ambitious project that no one but razowski would even consider . however , given his productivity over the past few decades , there is little doubt the project will reach fruition . volume one is a fine piece of scholarly work by the master on this taxon . for those interested in leaf - rollers , this first volume is a must - have . it represents the beginning of the & quot ; collection & quot ; and will make a fine companion to the tortricidae of europe .\nliterature cited brown , j . w . 2005 . world catalogue of insects . volume 5 . tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) . apollo books . 741 pp . razowski , j . 2001 . die tortriciden ( lepidoptera , tortricidae ) mitteleuropas . bestimmung verbreitung - flugstandort lebensweise der raupen . frantisek slamka , bratislava , 319 pp . razowski , j . 2002 . tortricidae of europe . part i . tortricinae and chlidanotinae . frantisek slamka , bratislava , 247 pp . razowski , j . 2003 . tortricidae of europe . volume 2 . olethreutinae . frantisek slamka , bratislava , 304 pp . razowski , j . & amp ; v . o . becker . 2007a . systematic and faunistic data on neotropical cochylini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , with description of new species . part 2 . acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) : 91 - 128 . razowski j . & amp ; v . o . becker . 2007b . sys - tematic and faunistic data on neotropical cochylini , with description of new species . part 3 ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . shilap revista de lepidoptero - logia 35 : 67 - 86 . razowski , j . & amp ; j . w . brown . 2004 . new species and new combinations in neotropical euliini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . shilap revista de lepidopterologia 32 ( 128 ) : 321 - 337 . razowski , j . & amp ; j . brown . 2005 . review of oregocerata razowski ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : euliini ) , with descriptions of four new species . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 107 : 903 - 913 .\nrazowski j . & amp ; j . wojtusiak . 2004a . a few characters of the adult compound eye and its peripheral area in some tortricidae ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . genus 15 ( 2 ) : 267 - 274 . razowski j . & amp ; j . wojtusiak . 2004b . some data on sensilla and sculpture of antenna in adult tortricidae ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . genus 15 ( 2 ) : 257 - 266 . razowski j . & amp ; j . wojtusiak . 2006a . tortricidae from venezuela ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . shilap revista de lepidopterologia 34 : 35 - 79 . razowski , j . & amp ; j . wojtusiak . 2006b . tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from the valley of rio gualaceo , east cordillera in ecuador , with descriptions of new taxa . acta zoologica cracoviensia 49 ( b ) : 17 - 53 .\ngan , don wright , and loran gibson are to be congratulated on this major contribution to tortricology , which will prove invaluable to professionals and amateurs alike .\nliterature cited bradley , j . d . , w . g . tremewan & amp ; a . smith . 1979 . british tortricoid moths . tortricidae : olethreutinae . the ray society , london . 336 pp . heinrich , c . 1923 . revision of the north american moths of the subfamily eucosminae of the family olethreutidae . united states national museum bulletin 123 : 1 - 298 . heinrich , c . 1926 . revision of the north american moths of the subfamilies laspeyresiinae and olethreutinae . united states national museum bulletin 132 : 1 - 216 . miller , w . e . 1987 . guide to the olethreutine moths of midland north america ( tortricidae ) . usda , forest service , agricultural handbook 660 . 104 pp . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _\nbelow is a list of the new species and new genera proposed in 2007 , followed by a list of new synonyms and new combinations , followed by the literature that supports the proposed additions and changes . aethes pinara razowski and becker , 2007 ( aethes ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 76 . tl : cuba ( pinar rio , sierra rosario ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . amorbia cacao phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 30 . tl : costa rica ( gunacaste , estaci\u00f3n cacao ) . holotype ( ) : inbio . catarina phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 16 . tl : brazil ( santa catarina , new bremen ) . holotype ( ) : usnm . chiapas phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 25 . tl : mexico ( chiapas , san cristobal de las casas ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . cocori phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 34 . tl : costa rica ( puntarenas , area de conservaci\u00f3n osa , golfito , parque nacional corcovado , esaction sirena ) . holotype ( ) : inbio . cordobana phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 42 . tl : mexico ( veracruz , banderilla ) . holotype ( ) : eme . curitiba phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 12 . tl : brazil ( paran\u00e1 , cuiritba ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . dominicana phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 14 . tl : dominica ,\ndr . v . i . kuznetzov , the premier tortricid worker in the former soviet union for nearly five decades , died on 22 august 2008 . he was a prominent figure in our tortricid community , and served as a curator at the zoological institute , russian academy of sciences , st . petersburg for many years . dr . kuznetzov is probably best known for his contributions ( with co - author a . a . stekolnikov ) to the phylogeny of tortricidae based primarily on musculature of the male genitalia . these groundbreaking works had impact at the global level . dr . kuznetzov was the author ( or coauthor ) of about 30 genera and 290 species of tortricidae , but he also described hundreds of species in other families . he will be missed by his colleaugues worldwide .\nwest indies ( clarke hall ) . holotype ( ) : usnm . knudsoni phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 28 . tl : usa ( texas , brewster co . , big bend national park , green gulch ) . holotype ( ) : usnm . monteverde phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 45 . tl : costa rica ( puntarenas , monteverde ) . holotype ( ) : eme . potosiana phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 26 . tl : mexico ( nuevo leon , cerro potos\u00ed ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . rhombobasis phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 43 . tl : costa rica ( guanacaste , area de conservaci\u00f3n arenal , pilon , bijagua - upala , r\u00edo celeste ) . holotype ( ) : inbio . santamaria phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 24 . tl : guatemala ( quetzaltenango , volcan santa maria ) . holotype ( ) : usnm . stenovalvae phillips and powell , 2007 ( amorbia ) , zootaxa 1670 : 13 . tl : mexico ( oaxaca , paradero de mi ka , yolox ) . holotype ( ) : eme . anacrucis napoensis razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( anacrucis ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 30 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . argepinotia argepinotia razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 15 . type species : argepinotia villosa razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 . [ olethreutinae : eucosmini ] 7\nvillosa razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( argepinotia ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 16 . tl : argentina ( tucum\u00e1n , san javier ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . auratonota angustovalva razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 52 . tl : ecuador ( zamora - chinchipe , 22 km e loja , p . n . podocarpus , san francisco ranger station ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . argentana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 52 . tl : ecuador ( loja , 10 km se loja , p . n . podocarpus , cajanuma ranger station ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . auriferana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 55 . tl : ecuador ( tungurahua , 17 km e ba\u00f1os , rio verde ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . bacata razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 54 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . brachuncus razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 56 . tl : ecuador ( loja , 10 km se loja , p . n . podocarpus , cajanuma ranger station ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . caeruleata razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 58 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . caliginosa razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 58 . tl : ecuador ( morona - santiago , macas , proa\u00f1o & gt ; alshi , 5 mi s alshi ) . holotype ( ) : smfm .\ncaeruleata razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 58 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . croceana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 58 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km se cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . pichincha razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 58 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , 7 km nw mindo , sachatamia ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . rutra razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 57 . tl : ecuador ( morona - santiago , macas , proa\u00f1o & gt ; inapula , crea - domono ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . siskae razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 55 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 12 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . yukipana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( auratonota ) , entomologische zeitschrift 117 : 56 . tl : ecuador ( morona - santiago , macas , san vicente , rio yukipa ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . bidorpitia ferruginata razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( bidorpitia ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 39 . tl : ecuador ( pastaza , 11 km n puyo , la florida ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . caraccochylis caraccochylis razowski and becker , 2007 , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 112 . type species : caraccochylis framea razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 . [ tortricinae : cochylini ] 8\nframea razowski and becker , 2007 ( caraccochylis ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 112 . tl : brazil ( minas gerais , caraca ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . choristoneura irina syachina & amp ; budashkin , 2007 ( choristoneura ) , in dubatolov , syachina & amp ; budashkin , animal world of far east ( blagoveshchensk ) 6 : 71 . tl : russia ( khabarovskii krai , great khekhtsyr nature reserve , bychikha ) . holotype ( ) : siberian museum of the institute of animal systematics and ecology , ras , novosibirsk , russia . clarkeulia medanosa razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( clarkeulia ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 12 . tl : argentina ( salta los medanos , 5 km e cafayate ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . cochylis serrana razowski and becker , 2007 ( cochylis ) , acta zool . cracoviensa 50b : 113 . tl : brazil ( minas gerais , serra do cip\u00f3 ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . sierramaestrae razowski and becker , 2007 ( cochylis ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 76 . tl : cuba ( santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . cuproxena aequitana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( cuproxena ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 38 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . amplana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( cuproxena ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 36 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfm .\nauriculana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( cuproxena ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 37 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . nudana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( cuproxena ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 37 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . paramplana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( cuproxena ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 39 . tl : ecuador ( moronasantiago , macas , proa\u00f1o & gt ; alshi , 5 km s alshi ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . deltophania indanzae razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( deltophania ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) : 111 . tl : ecuador ( morona , indanza ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . diablo diablo razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 , entomol . zeit . 117 : 129 . type species : diablo diantoniorum razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 . [ chlidanotinae : chlidanotini ] diantoniorum razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( diablo ) , entomol . zeit . 117 : 129 . tl : ecuador ( tungurahua , 17 km e ba\u00f1os , rio verde ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . dichrorampha odorata brown & amp ; zachariades , 2007 ( dichrorampha ) , proceedings of the entomological society of washington 109 : 939 . tl : jamaica ( jackson town ) . holotype ( ) : institute of jamaica , kingston .\nlyonsae razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( dimorphopalpa ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 332 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , 2 . 5 km se santa rosa , reserva las gralarias ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . rutruncus razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( dimorphopalpa ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 332 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 12 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . epinotia javierana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( epinotia ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 14 . tl : argentina ( tucum\u00e1n , san javier ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . eucosma curlewensis wright , 2007 ( eucosma ) , journal of the lepidopterists ' society 61 : 47 . tl : usa ( idaho , oneida co . , curlew national grassland , 4 mi ene of holbrook ) . holotype ( ) : usnm . eugnosta cipoana razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( eugnosta ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) : 108 . tl : brazil ( minas gerais , serra do cipo ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . ensinoana razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( eugnosta ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) : 107 . tl : mexico ( tamaulipas , el ensino ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . fernandoana razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( eugnosta ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) : 109 . tl : mexico ( tamaulipas , san fernando ) . holotype ( ) : vbc .\nfradulenta razowski and becker , 2007 ( eugnosta ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 74 . tl : british west indies . holotype ( ) : amnh . jequiena razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( eugnosta ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) : 108 . tl : brazil ( bahia , jequie ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . telemacana razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( eugnosta ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) : 110 . tl : brazil ( paran\u00e1 , telemaco borba ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . heleanna tokyoensis nasu & amp ; byun , 2007 ( heleanna ) , trans . lepid . soc . japan 58 : 384 . tl : japan ( ryukyu , okinawaima island , kunigamison , yona ) . holotype ( ) : uop . turpinivora nasu & amp ; byun , 2007 ( heleanna ) , trans . lepid . soc . japan 58 : 380 . tl : japan ( honshu , tokyo , garden of the imperial palace ) . holotype ( ) : national science museum , tokyo , japan . henricus bibelonus razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( henricus ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 92 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . bleptus razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( henricus ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 94 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . cuspis razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( henricus ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 93 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . perissus razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( henricus ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b :\n94 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . platanillanus razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( henricus ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 93 . tl : mexico ( san luis potos\u00ed , el platanillo ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . histura brunneotypa razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( histura ) , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 13 . tl : argentina ( tucuman , san javier ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . holoptygma sarahpelzae razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( holoptygma ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 32 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , 7 km nw mindo , sachatamia ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . hynhamia conceptionana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( hynhamia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 26 . tl : ecuador ( tungurahua , ambato , la concepcion ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . decora razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( hynhamia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 26 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , 7 km nw mindo , sachatamia ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . lasgralariae razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( hynhamia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 24 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , 2 . 5 km se santa rosa ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . micruncus razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( hynhamia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 28 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . nogropunctana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( hynhamia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 27 . tl : ecuador ( loja , 10 km se loja , parque 10\nnacional podocarpus , cajanuma ranger station ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . obscurana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( hynhamia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 25 . tl : ecuador ( loja , 10 km se loja , parque nacional podocarpus , cajanuma ranger station ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . lambertiodes multipunctata wang & amp ; li , 2007 ( lambertiodes ) , entomological news 118 : 398 . tl : china ( m\u00eadog county , tibet ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . lasiothyris exocha razowski and becker , 2007 ( lasiothyris ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 100 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . guanana razowski and becker , 2007 ( lasiothyris ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 72 . tl : british virgin islands ( guana island ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . puertoricana razowski and becker , 2007 ( lasiothyris ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 73 . tl : puerto rico ( maricao ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . subsorbia razowski and becker , 2007 ( lasiothyris ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 72 . tl : cuba ( holguin , mayari ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . lorita insulicola razowski and becker , 2007 ( lorita ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 75 . tl : british virgin islands ( guana island ) . holotype ( ) : vbc .\nlusterala brown & amp ; nishida , 2007 , proceedings of the entomological society of washington 109 : 266 . type species : luterala phaseolana brown & amp ; nishida , 2007 . [ olethreutinae : grapholitini ] phaseolana brown & amp ; nishida , 2007 ( lusterala ) , proceedings of the entomological society of washington 109 : 270 . tl : costa rica ( san jos\u00e9 , aserri centro ) . holotype ( ) : usnm . macasinia vilhena razowski and becker , 2007 ( macasinia ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 101 . tl : brazil ( rond\u00f4nia , vilhena ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . macrochlidia azuayana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( macrochlidia ) , entomol . zeit . 117 : 129 . tl : ecuador ( azuay , p . n . cajas , laguna llaviuco ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . leucoatra razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( macrochlidia ) , entomol . zeit . 117 : 129 . tl : ecuador ( zamora - chinchipe , 22 km e loja , p . n . podocarpus , san francisco ranger station ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . maricaona maricaona razowski and becker , 2007 , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 68 . type species : maricaona maricaonana razowski and becker , 2007 . [ tortricinae : cochylini ] maricaonana razowski and becker , 2007 ( maricaona ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 69 . tl : puerto rico ( maricao ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . 11\nmiscellaneous papers 105 : 3 . [ replacement name for bradleyella zimmermann 1978 ] orthocomotis albobasalis razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 6 . tl : ecuador ( loja , 10 km se loja , p . n . podocarpus , cajanuma ranger station ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . alishiana razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 13 . tl : ecuador ( morona - santiago , macas , proano alshi , 5 km s alshi ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . andina razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 5 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 12 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . carolina razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 7 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , reserva forestal golondrinas , west cordillera ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . consangana razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 11 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . ferruginea razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 7 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . gielisi razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 9 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 12 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . golindrina razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 5 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , reserva forestal 12\nsecunda razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( marylinka ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 96 . tl : brazil ( santa catarina , sao joaquim ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . matsumuraeses medogensis lv & amp ; li , 2007 ( matsumuraeses ) , zootaxa 1606 : 66 . tl : china ( m\u00eadog county , xizang [ tibet ] autonomous region ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . monortha bellavistana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( monortha ) , entomol . zeit . 117 : 130 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , 7 km sw tandayapa , bellavista research station ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . jurumbaino razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( monortha ) , entomol . zeit . 117 : 130 . tl : ecuador ( morona - santiago , macas , gral . proa\u00f1o , rio jurumbaino ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . povedai razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( monortha ) , entomol . zeit . 117 : 131 . tl : ecuador ( tungurahua , 17 km e ba\u00f1os , r\u00edo verde ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . neoanathamna robusticerivcis zhang & amp ; li , 2007 ( neoanathamna ) , oriental insects 41 : 296 . tl : china ( shaanxi province , ankang county , mt . hualong ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . nuritamburia nuritamburia ko\u00e7ak & amp ; kemal , 2007 , centre for entomological studies\ngolondrinas , west cordillera ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . lactistrigata razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 4 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , reserva forestal golondrinas , west cordillera ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . mediana razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 11 . tl : ecuador ( tungurahua , 20 km e ba\u00f1os , san francisco ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . pactoana razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 10 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , pacto , rio mashpi ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . parexpansa razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 4 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , reserva forestal golondrinas , west cordillera ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . puyoana razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 8 . tl : ecuador ( pastaza , 10 km n puyo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . sachatamiae razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracov - iensia 50b : 3 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , 7 km nw mindo , sachatamia ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . shuara razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 5 . tl : ecuador ( maronasantiago , macas , proano & gt ; inapula ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . sucumbiana razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 12 . tl : ecuador\n( sucumbios , rio chigual , la bonita ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . yanayacu razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 5 . tl : ecuador ( napo , cosanga , reserva yanayacu ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . volochilesia razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( orthocomotis ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 5 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , volcan chiles massive , reserva forestal golondrinas ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . paranthozela paranthozela razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 168 . type species : paranthozela calamsitrana razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 . calamistrana razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( paranthozela ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 172 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , pacto , rio mashpi ) . holotype ( ) : mzuj . lobulina razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( paranthozela ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 173 . tl : ecuador ( copaxi , via la man\u00e1 , pilal\u00f3 ) . holotype ( ) : mzuj . polyasterina razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( paranthozela ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 171 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , pacto , rio mashpi ) . holotype ( ) : mzuj . spiloma razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( paranthozela ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 1709 . tl : ecuador ( sucumbios , rio chingual , la bonita ) . holotype ( ) : mzuj . stilbia razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( paranthozela ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 170 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , res . forest . golondinas , west cordillera ) . holotype ( ) : mzuj . 13\nzopheria razowski & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( paranthozela ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 169 . tl : ecuador ( cotopaxi , via man\u00e1 , pilal\u00f3 ) . holotype ( ) : mzuj . parirazona bomana razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( parirazona ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 95 . tl : brazil ( santa catarina , bom jardin de serra ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . caracae razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( parirazona ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 95 . tl : brazil ( minas gerais , caraca ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . pelochrista gelattana wright , 2007 ( pelochrista ) , journal of the lepidopterists ' society 61 : 121 . tl : usa ( wyoming , albany co . , w side of gelatt lake ) . holotype ( ) : usnm . milleri wright , 2007 ( pelochrista ) , journal of the lepidopterists ' society 61 : 84 . tl : usa ( ohio , adams co . , 1 mi se of lynx ) . holotype ( ) : usnm . phaniola caboana razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( phaniola ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 111 . tl : brazil ( rio de janiero , arraial do cabo ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . phalonidia cerina razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 99 . tl : brazil ( espiritu santo , linhares ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . fariasana razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 97 . tl : mexico ( tamaulipas , gomez farias ) . holotype ( ) : vbc .\nlinharesa razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 96 . tl : brazil ( espiritu santo , linhares ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . mayarina razowski and becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revsita lepidopterologia 35 : 69 . tl : cuba ( holguin , mayari ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . monocera razowski & amp ; becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 98 . tl : brazil ( santa catarina , sao joaquim ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . planaltinella chapadana razowski and becker , 2007 ( planaltinella ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 105 . tl : brazil ( minas gerais , diamantina estr . guinda \u00ad s . joao chapada ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . psephena razowski and becker , 2007 ( planaltinella ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 106 . tl : brazil ( minas gerais , serra do cipo ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . platphalonidia holgina razowski and becker , 2007 ( platphalonidia ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 72 . tl : cuba ( holguin mayari ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . remissa razowski and becker , 2007 ( platphalonidia ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 72 . tl : cuba ( holguin mayari ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . ptyongnathosia pectinata razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( ptyongnathosia ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 35 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . 14\nrosariana razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 70 . tl : cuba ( pinar rio , sierra rosario ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . scalena razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 103 . tl : ecuador ( carchi , maldonado ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . simillima razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 71 . tl : cuba ( santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . solisae razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 104 . tl : mexico ( tamaulipas , gomez farias ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . turguinoa razowski and becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 69 . tl : cuba ( santiago , turguino ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . sillybiphora pauliprotuberans zhang & amp ; wang , 2007 ( sillybiphora ) , acta zootaxonomica sinica 32 : 561 . tl : china ( yunnan province , lijiang ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . sisurcana alticolana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 21 . tl : ecuador ( azuay , 22 km s gualaceo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . analogana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 26 . tl : ecuador ( pichincha , 7 km nw mindo , schatamia ) . holotype ( ) : smfl .\nantisanae razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 24 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 5 km w papallacta ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . bifurcana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 24 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . cirrhochlaena razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 29 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . fasciana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 28 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . fasciana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 28 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . firmuncus razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 29 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . papallactana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 21 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 5 km w papallacta , laguna papallacta ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . spinana razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 30 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl . triangulifera razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( sisurcana ) , nachr . entomol . ver . apollo 28 : 24 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 12 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfl .\nvirginanus razowski and becker , 2007 ( spinipogon ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 72 . tl : british virgin islands ( guana island ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . statherotmantis expansa li & amp ; yu , 2007 ( statherotmantis ) , proceedigns of the entomological society of washington 109 : 36 . tl : china ( baoxing county , sichuan province ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . maoerica li & amp ; yu , 2007 ( statherotmantis ) , proceedigns of the entomological society of washington 109 : 40 . tl : china ( mt . mao ' er , guangxi province ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . spinulifera li & amp ; yu , 2007 ( statherotmantis ) , proceedigns of the entomological society of washington 109 : 41 . tl : china ( mt . fanjing , guizhou province ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . triangularis li & amp ; yu , 2007 ( statherotmantis ) , proceedigns of the entomological society of washington 109 : 40 . tl : china ( mt . mao ' er , guangxi province ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . synochoneura dentana wang & amp ; li , 2007 ( synochoneura ) , zootaxa 1547 : 53 . tl : china ( mt . fanjing , guizhou province ) . holotype ( ) : nankai university , tianjin , china ( nkum ) . toreulia acanthina razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( toreulia ) , genus 18 : 113 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfl\nimminuta razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( toreulia ) , genus 18 : 109 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfl placita razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( toreulia ) , genus 18 : 111 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfl runtunana razowski , pelz & amp ; wojtusiak , 2007 ( toreulia ) , genus 18 : 114 . tl : ecuador ( tungurahua , banos - runtun ) . holotype ( ) : smfl ulvipinara ulvipinara razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 , polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 33 . type species : ulvipinara pulvinaria razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 . [ tortricinae : euliini ] pulvinaria razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( ulvipinara ) , polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 332 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 10 km sse cosanga ) . holotype ( ) : smfm . velhoania velhoania razowski and becker , 2007 , acta zool . cracoviensia 50b : 99 . type species : velhoania paradoxa razowski and becker , 2007 . [ tortricinae : cochylini ] paradoxa razowski and becker , 2007 ( velhoania ) , acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b : 100 . tl : brazil ( mato grosso , chapada dos guimaraes ) . holotype ( ) : vbc . vulpoxena dentata razowski & amp ; pelz , 2007 ( cuproxena ) , shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 36 . tl : ecuador ( napo , 15 km se cosanga , cocodrilo ) . holotype ( ) : smfm .\nbrown , j . w . & amp ; k . nishida . 2007 . a new gallinducing tortricid ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : olethreutinae ) on lima bean ( phaseolus lunata ; fabaceae ) from costa rica . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 109 : 265 - 276 . brown , j . w . & amp ; c . zachariades . 2007 . a new species of dichrorampha ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : grapholitini ) from jamaica : a potential biocontrol agent against chromolaena odorata ( asteraceae ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 109 : 938 - 947 . dubatolov , v . v . , syachina , a . a . , & amp ; budashkin , y . i . 2007 . new species of leafroller of the genus choristoneura ( lepid18\ntortricidae ) . shilap revista de lepidopterologia 35 : 67 - 86 . razowski , j . & amp ; kruger , m . 2007 . an illustrated catalogue of the type specimens of tortricidae in the transvaal museum , pretoria ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . shilap revista de lepidopterologia 35 : 103 - 179 . razowski , j . & amp ; v . pelz . 2007 . chrysoxenagroup of genera from ecuador ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : euliini ) . shilap revista lepidopterologia 35 : 33 - 46 . razowski , j . & amp ; v . pelz . 2007 . auratonota razowski , 1987 from ecuador with description of 14 new species ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . entomologische zeitschrift 117 ( 2 ) : 51 - 59 . razowski , j . & amp ; v . pelz . 2007 . notes and descriptions of some neotropical chlidanotini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . entomologische zeitschrift 117 ( 3 ) : 127131 . razowski , j . & amp ; v . pelz 2007 . atteriini from ecuador ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo 28 : 19 - 33 . razowski , j . & amp ; pelz , v . 2007 . one new genus and four new species of tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from argentina . polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 11 - 19 . razowski , j . & amp ; pelz , v . 2007 . hynhamia razowski , dimorphopalpa brown , and ulvipinara gen . n . , three euliine genera from ecuador ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . polskie pismo entomol . 76 : 21 - 40 . razowski , j . , v . pelz , & amp ; j . wojtusiak . 2007 . re - definition of toreulia razowski & amp ; becker with description of four new species ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . genus 18 : 107115 . razowski , j . , v . pelz & amp ; j . wojtusiak . 2007 . orthocomotis dognin , 1905 ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) from ecuador . acta zoologica cracoviensia 50b ( 2 ) 2007 : 1 - 25 . razowski , j . & amp ; j . wojtusiak . 2007 . paranthozela , a new enarmoniini genus from the new world , with description of six new 19\nspecies ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . polskie pismo entomologiczne 76 : 167175 . wang , x . - p . & amp ; h . - h . li . 2007 . review of the genus synochoneura obraztsov , with the description of a new species from china ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . zootaxa 1547 : 51 - 57 . wang , x . - p . & amp ; h . \u00adh . li . 2007 . taxonomic study of the genus lambertiodes diakonoff ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , with description of a new species from china . entomological news 118 : 397 - 401 . wright , d . j . 2007 . notes on nearctic eucosma h\u00fcbner : a new species , a resurrected species , and three new synonymies ( tortricidae ) . journal of the lepidopterists ' society 61 : 38 - 49 . wright , d . j . 2007 . a new species of pelochrista lederer from eastern north america ( tortricidae ) . journal of the lepidopterists ' society 61 : 84 - 86 . wright d . j . 2007 . taxonomy of four species of eucosmini ( tortricidae ) associated with pelochrista corosana ( walsingham ) including a new synonymy and description of a new species . journal of the lepidopterists ' society 61 : 117 - 124 . zhang , x . & amp ; h . - h . li . 2007 . a study on neoanathamna kawabe ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : olethreutinae ) from china . oriental insects 41 : 293 - 300 . zhang , x . & amp ; wang , s . - x . 2007 . a study of the genus sillybiphora kuznetsov ( lepid - optera , tortricidae , olethreutinae ) . acta zootaxonomica sinica 32 ( 3 ) : 561 - 563 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _\nthe goals of the torts newsletter were articulated in the first issue as & quot ; . . . fostering greater cooperation and communication among tortricid workers worldwide , providing a forum for discus -\nleif aarvik zoological museum university of oslo , p . o . box 1172 blindern n - 0318 oslo , norway e - mail : [ email protected ] david adamski systematic entomology laboratory , usda c / o national museum of natural history p . o . box 37012 washington , dc 20013 - 7012 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] helen alipanah plant pests and diseases research institute tehran 19395 - 1454 , iran e - mail : [ email protected ] yang - seop bae department of biology , college of natural sciences university of inchon , inchon 402 - 749 , korea e - mail : [ need address ] joaquin baixeras institut cavanilles de biodiversitat i biologia evolutiva , universitat de valencia apartat oficial 2085 46071 - valencia , spain e - mail : [ email protected ] george j . balogh 6275 liteolier street potage , mi 49024 e - mail : [ email protected ] ahmet bayram dicle university , faculty of agriculture plant protection department 21280 diyarbakir , turkey e - mail : [ email protected ] urltoken vitor o . becker reserva serra bonita p . o . box 0001 , 45880 - 970 camacan , ba - brazil e - mail : [ email protected ] ; or [ email protected ] charles bird box 22 , erskine alberta , t0c 1g0 , canada e - mail : [ email protected ]\nhans blackstein buckower weg 1 , d 14712 rathenow , germany e - mail : [ email protected ] john w . brown systematic entomology laboratory , usda c / o national museum of natural history p . o . box 37012 washington , dc 20013 - 7012 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] richard l . brown mississippi entomological museum mississippi state , ms 39762 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] jonathan brusch usda - aphis - ppq 10 causeway st . , room 516 boston , ma 02222 e - mail : [ email protected ] yu i . budashkin karadag natural reserve of ukrainian nas kurortnoe vill . pheodosia , crimea 98188 ukraine e - mail : [ email protected ] b . - k . byun systematic entomology laboratory division of specimen and genetic research korean national arboretum jikdongri 51 - 7 , soheulup , pocheon prov . gyeonggi , 487 - 821 , korea e - mail : [ email protected ] yi - jing chen inner mongolia grassland station chifeng , inner mongolia 024000 , china e - mail : [ please provide ] soowon cho department of agricultural biology chungbuk national university cheongju , 361 - 763 , korea e - mail : [ please provide ] charles v . covell , jr . mcguire center for lepidoptera research florida museum of natural history university of florida , p . o . box 112710 gainesville , fl 32611 - 2710 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ]\np . t . dang biosystematics research institute k . w . neatby building , agriculture canada ottawa , ontario k1a 0c6 , canada e - mail : [ please provide ] john a . de benedictis department of entomology university of california davis , ca 95616 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ]\njohn s . dugdale manaaki whenua - landcare research nz ltd . c / o private bag 6 , nelson 7001 , new zealand e - mail : [ email protected ] ; [ email protected ] jason dombroskie department of biological sciences university of alberta edmonton , alberta t6g 2e9 , canada email : [ email protected ] loran gibson 2727 running creek drive florence , ky 41042 - 8984 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] todd gilligan 2086 canada goose drive loveland , co 80537 e - mail : [ email protected ] roberto gonzalez university of chile , college of agriculture p . o . box 1004 , santiago , chile e - mail : [ email protected ] frans groenen dorpstraat 171 nl - 5575 luyksgestel , netherlands e - mail : [ email protected ] daniel handfield 355 des grands c\u00f4teaux saint - mathieu de beloeil , qu\u00e9bec canada , j3g 2c9 e - mail : [ email protected ] john b . heppner florida state collection of arthropods university of florida , p . o . box 147100 gainesville , fl 32614 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ]\njames kruse interior alaska forest entomologist usda forest service , state and private forestry forest health protection , fairbanks unit 3700 airport way , fairbanks , ak 99709 e - mail : [ please provide ] wojciech kubasik agricultural university of poznan department of entomology ul . dabrowskiego 159 60 - 594 poznan , poland e - mail : [ email protected ] yuichi kusunoki 11 - 3 , kaguraoka asahikawa , hokkaido , 078 - 8321 , japan e - mail : [ please provide ] eric lagasa washington state department of agriculture p . o . 42569 olympia , wa 98504 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] bernard landry museum d ' histoire naturelle c . p . 6434 , ch - 1211 geneve , switzerland e - mail : [ email protected ] jean - fran\u00e7ois landry agriculture & amp ; agri - food canada 960 carling avenue ottawa , ontario k1a 0c6 , canada e - mail : [ email protected ] jon lewis systematic entomology laboratory , usda c / o national museum of natural history p . o . box 37012 washington , dc 20013 - 7012 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] hou - hun li department of biology , nankai university tianjin 300071 , china e - mail : [ email protected ] youqiao liu building 822 - 304 zhongguancun , haidian , beijing 100080 , china e - mail : [ please provide ]\nchen liusheng department of entomology college of natural resources and environment south china agricultural university , guangzhou guangdong , p . r . china , 510640 e - mail : [ email protected ] lisa lumley earth sciences 1 - 52e department of biological sciences university of alberta e - mail : [ email protected ] chris maier department of entomology the connecticut agricultural experiment station p . o . box 1106 , new haven , ct 06505 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] sheyda m . maharramova institute of zoology national academy of sciences of azerbaijan baku , passage 1128 , block 504 az1073 , azerbaijan e - mail : [ email protected ] eric metzler p . o . box 45 alamogordo , nm 88311 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] william e . miller department of entomology university of minnesota st . paul , mn 55108 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] charles mitter department of entomology university of maryland college park , md 20742 e - mail : [ email protected ] svetlana nedoshivina zoological institute russian academy of sciences universiteyskaya nab . 1 199034 , st . petersburg , russia e - mail : [ email protected ] yoshitsugu nasu 153 - 2 , nakado , hashimoto wakayama pref . 648 - 0023 , japan e - mail : [ email protected ]\npeter t . oboyski 137 mulford hall , # 3114 university of california berkeley ca 94720 - 3114 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] u . parenti universita di torino dipartimento di biologia animale via accademia albertina , 17 10123 torino , italy e - mail : [ need address ]\nharjit singh pooni department of zoology , punjab university patiala - 147 022 , punjab , india e - mail : [ email protected ] jerry a . powell essig museum of entomology , 201 wellman hall university of california berkeley , ca 94720 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] j\u00f3zef razowski polish academy of sciences institute of systematic zoology slawkowska 17 , krakow , poland e - mail : [ email protected ] michael roberts 367 village road steuben , me 04680 , usa e - mail : [ please provide ] h . s . rose department of zoology , punjab university patiala - 147 022 punjab , india e - mail : [ email protected ] daniel rubinoff 310 gilmore hall , 3050 maile way department of peps , university of hawaii honolulu , hi 96822 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] michael sabourin 600 danville - peacham road barnet , vt 05821 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] christian schmidt canadian food inspection agency canadian national collection of insects , arachnids & amp ; nematodes k . w . neatby building , 960 carling ave . ottawa , canada k1a 0c6 email : [ email protected ] felix sperling department of biological sciences university of alberta edmonton , alberta t6g 2e9 , canada e - mail : [ email protected ]\nkyu - tek park center for insect systematics c / o college of agriculture kangweon national university chuncheon , 200 - 701 , korea e - mail : [ email protected ] ; [ email protected ] steven passoa usda / aphis / ppq the ohio state university museum of biological diversity 1315 kinnear road columbus , oh 43212 - 1192 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] volker pelz bonneweg 3 d - 53809 ruppichteroth , germany e - mail : [ email protected ] eugenie phillips casa proveedora phillips sjo - cphillips p . o . box 025369 miami , florida , 33102 e - mail : [ email protected ] nantasak pinkaew department of entomology faculty of agriculture , kasetsart university kamphaengsaen campus nakorn pathom , 73140 , thailand e - mail : [ email protected ] michael g . pogue systematic entomology laboratory , usda c / o national museum of natural history p . o . box 37012 washington , dc 20013 - 7012 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] greg r . pohl canadian forest service northern forestry centre , 5320 - 122 st .\nj . bolling sullivan 200 craven street beaufort , nc 28516 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] pasquale trematerra department s . a . v . a university of molise , via de sanctis i - 86100 campobasso , italy e - mail : [ email protected ] alicia e . timm 222 senator place , apt . 37 cinncinati , oh 45220 e - mail : [ email protected ] kevin r . tuck department of entomology the natural history museum london sw7 5bd , united kingdom e - mail : [ email protected ]\naihuan zhang department of plant science and technology beijing agricultural college beijing , 102206 p . r . china e - mail : [ email protected ] ; or [ email protected ] andreas zwick department of entomology university of maryland college park , md 20742 e - mail : [ email protected ]\nmarja van der straten ministry of agriculture , nature and food quality plant protection service , diagnostics division 9102 , 6700 hc wageningen , the netherlands e - mail : [ email protected ] erik j . van nieukerken national museum of natural history naturalis department of entomology p . o . box 9517 , 2300 ra leiden , netherlands e - mail : [ email protected ] thomas wallenmaier 1833 torquay avenue royal oak , mi 48073 - 1222 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] donald j . wright 3349 morrison avenue cincinnati , oh 45220 , usa e - mail : [ email protected ] wang xinpu department of biology nankai university 94 , weijin road , tianjin china , 300071 e - mail : [ email protected ] shen - horn yen department of biological sciences national sun yat - sen university 70 lien - hai rd . kaohsiung city 804 , taiwan e - mail : [ email protected ]\nthe torts newsletter is distributed twice per year : january - february and july - august . membership or subscription is free . for information contact : john w . brown , systematic entomology laboratory , usda , smithsonian institution , p . o . box 37012 , national museum of natural history , washington , dc 200137012 , usa . e - mail : [ email protected ]\nour content is added by our users . we aim to remove reported files within 1 working day . please use this link to notify us :"]}
{"id": 466, "summary": [{"text": "setoeolis inconspicua is a species of sea slug , specifically an aeolid nudibranch .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family facelinidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is the only species in the genus setoeolis baba & hamatani , 1965 . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "setoeolis inconspicua", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nechizen - coast wakasa bay , japan , 4 m , 10 july 2002 . upper : approx 17mm long . , lower : approx 12mm long . photos : jun imamoto .\nfrom the photos on the forum this is quite variable in colour . one consistent feature appears to be the ceratal colouration with a subapical yellow band , below which is a transparent region through which the dark brown or reddish brown tip of the digestive gland duct can be seen , then below this a blue or bluish - purple band . below this band the cerata wall can be transparent , or have scattered white patches or be almost completely covered in white dusting .\nreferences : \u2022 baba , k . ( 1938 ) opisthobranchia of kii , middle japan . journal of the department of agriculture . kyusyu imperial university , 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 19 . \u2022 baba , k . & hamatani , i . ( 1965 ) the anatomy of sakuraeolis enosimensis ( baba , 1930 ) , n . g . ( = hervia ceylonica ( ? ) eliot , 1913 ) ( nudibranchia - eolidoidea ) . publications of the seto marine biological laboratory , 13 ( 2 ) : 103 - 113 , pls . viii - x\nosezaki , izu peninsula , suruga bay , japan depth : 10m , water temperature : 19c degrees . size : about 20mm . 11 may 2002\ndear jun , this animal lacks most of the opaque orange pigmentation on the body wall but otherwise would seem to be the same . it certainly shows the characteristic colour bands on the cerata . best wishes , bill rudman\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more"]}
{"id": 469, "summary": [{"text": "metadiaptomus is a genus of crustacean in the family diaptomidae , containing the following species : metadiaptomus aethiopicus ( daday , 1910 ) metadiaptomus alluaudi ( guerne & richard , 1890 ) metadiaptomus asiaticus ( ulyanin , 1875 ) metadiaptomus capensis ( g. o. sars , 1907 ) metadiaptomus chevreuxi ( guerne & richard , 1895 ) metadiaptomus colonialis ( douwe , 1914 ) metadiaptomus gauthieri brehm , 1949 metadiaptomus lobulifer ( rylov , 1927 ) metadiaptomus mauretanicus kiefer & roy , 1942 metadiaptomus meridianus ( douwe , 1912 ) metadiaptomus purcelli ( g. o. sars , 1907 ) metadiaptomus transvaalensis methuen , 1910 metadiaptomus vandouwei ( kiefer , 1930 )", "topic": 26}], "title": "metadiaptomus", "paragraphs": ["embed this arkive thumbnail link (\nportlet\n) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =\nurltoken\ntitle =\narkive species - metadiaptomus ( metadiaptomus capensis )\n> < img src =\nurltoken\nalt =\narkive species - metadiaptomus ( metadiaptomus capensis )\ntitle =\narkive species - metadiaptomus ( metadiaptomus capensis )\nborder =\n0\n/ > < / a >\ninformation on metadiaptomus capensis is being researched and written and will appear here shortly .\nmetadiaptomus capensis is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .\nworms - world register of marine species - metadiaptomus purcelli ( sars g . o . , 1907 )\nembed this arkive thumbnail link (\nportlet\n) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =\nurltoken\ntitle =\narkive photo - < i > metadiaptomus capensis < / i >\n> < img src =\nurltoken\nalt =\narkive photo - < i > metadiaptomus capensis < / i >\ntitle =\narkive photo - < i > metadiaptomus capensis < / i >\nborder =\n0\n/ > < / a >\nupdated locality records of species of metadiaptomus and tropodiaptomus on the african continent confirm the generally disjunct distribution of these two taxa as recognised by dumont ( 1980 ) in north africa . distributional data for southern africa reveal little range overlap between these two genera . apart from two south western cape taxa , species of metadiaptomus are largely confined to upland , higher latitude , semi - arid or arid warm subtemperate regions , while species of tropodiaptomus generally occupy moist , lower - lying , lower latitude subtropical regions . separation along latitudinal and / or altitudinal axes implicates temperature as a controlling factor , while separation on the precipitation axis suggests the importance of habitat permanence . using a multiple regression equation derived for african waters to predict water temperature from latitude and altitude , it is shown that the two genera tend to separate around the 20 \u00b0c mean annual temperature isotherm . additional factors influencing distribution ( habitat permanence , water quality , competition and predation ) are discussed .\nwalter , t . c . & boxshall , g . ( 2018 ) . world of copepods database .\nwalter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of paradiaptomus colonialis ( douwe , 1914 ) ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of diaptomus colonialis douwe , 1914 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of paradiaptomus asiaticus ( ulyanin , 1875 ) ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of diaptomus asiaticus uljanin , 1875 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of diaptomus purcelli sars g . o . , 1907 ) sars , g . o . ( 1907 ) . on two new species of the genus diaptomus from south africa . archiv f\u00f6r matematik og naturvidenskab , christiana 28 ( 8 ) : 1 - 17 , pls . 1 - 2 . [ details ]\n( of diaptomus purcelli sars g . o . , 1907 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\ndepth range based on 8 specimens in 4 taxa . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 52 - 52 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nthis information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken\nmatthew bird freshwater research unit zoology dept university of cape town 7707 rhodes gift western cape south africa tel : + 27 721760102 matthew . bird @ urltoken\nterms of use - the displayed portlet may be used as a link from your website to arkive ' s online content for private , scientific , conservation or educational purposes only . it may not be used within apps .\nmyarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members , allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends .\nteam wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s species and habitats from destruction .\nwildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa\nallanson , b . r . , r . c . hart , j . h . o ' keeffe & r . d . robarts , 1990 . inland waters of southern africa : an ecological perspective . kluwer academic publishers , dordrecht , 458 pp .\nbailey , h . p . , 1960 . a method of determining the warmth and temperateness of climate . geogr . annaler , 42 : 1\u201316 .\nb\u0103an\u0103arescu , r . , 1990 . zoogeography of fresh waters , 1 . general distribution and dispersal of freshwater animals . aula - verlag , wiesbaden , 511 pp .\nbegon , m . , j . l . harper & c . r . reynolds , 1990 . ecology . individuals , populations and communities . 2nd edn . , blackwell scientific publications , boston , 945 pp .\nburgis , m . j . & j . j . symoens ( eds ) , 1987 . african wetlands and shallow water bodies . directory . orstom , paris . travaux et documents no . 211 , 650 pp .\ndumont , h . j . , 1980 . zooplankton and the science of biogeography : the example of africa . in w . c . kerfoot ( ed . ) , evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities . the university press of new england , hanover ( n . h . ) ; lond . : 685\u2013696 .\ndumont , h . j . & h . m . verheye , 1984 . the nature and origin of the crustacean zooplankton of sahelian africa , with a note on the limnomedusa . hydrobiologia 113 : 313\u2013325 .\ndussart , b . , 1989 . crustac\u00e9s cop\u00e9podes calano\u00efdes des eaux int\u00e9rieures africaines . crustaceana , supplement 15 : 1\u2013205 .\ndussart , b . & d . defaye , 1983 . r\u00e9pertoire mondial des crustac\u00e9s cop\u00e9podes des eaux int\u00e9rieures . i . calano\u00efdes . c . n . r . s . , paris , 224 pp .\ngreen , j . , 1990 . zooplankton associations in zimbabwe . j . zool . , lond . 222 : 259\u2013283 .\nhart , r . c . , 1985 . seasonality of aquatic invertebrates in lowlatitude and southern hemisphere inland waters . hydrobiologia 125 : 151\u2013178 .\nhutchinson , g . e . , 1967 . a treatise on limnology , 2 . j . wiley & sons , n . y . , 1115 pp .\nhutchinson , g . e . , g . e . pickford & j . f . m . schuurman , 1932 . a contribution to the hydrobiology of pans and other inland waters of south africa . arch . hydrobiol . 24 : 1\u2013154 .\nlabarbera , m . c . & p . kilham , 1974 . the chemical ecology of copepod distribution in the lakes of east and central africa . limnol . oceanogr . 19 : 459\u2013465 .\nnoble , r . g . & j . hemens , 1978 . inland water ecosystems in south africa \u2014 a review of research needs . south african national scientific programmes report 34 : 1\u2013150 .\nrayner , n . a . , 1990 . the freshwater diaptomidae ( calanoida : copepoda ) of southern africa . unpublished ph . d . thesis , university of natal , pietermaritzburg , 219 pp .\nrayner , n . a . & j . heeg , 1994 . distribution patterns of the diaptomidae ( calanoida : copepoda ) in southern africa . hydrobiologia 272 / dev . hydrobiol . 92 : 47\u201375 .\nstra\u0161kraba , m . , 1980 . the effects of physical variables on freshwater production : analyses based on models . in e . d . le cren & r . h . lowe - mcconnell ( eds ) , the functioning of freshwater ecosystems . cambridge university press , london : 13\u201384 .\nstuckenberg , b . r . , 1969 . effective temperature as an ecological factor in southern africa . zool . afr . 4 : 145\u2013197 .\nvan schalkwyk , d . j . & r . d . walmsley , 1984 . prediction of surface water temperature of south african impoundments . j . limnol . soc . sth . afr . 10 : 57\u201361 .\nwalmsley , r . d . & m . butty ( eds ) , 1980 . limnology of some selected south african impoundments . water research commission and national institute for water research collaborative report , v & r printing works , pretoria , 229 pp .\nwilliams , w . d . , ( 1988 ) limnological imbalances : an antipodean viewpoint . freshwat . biology 20 : 407\u2013420 ."]}
{"id": 489, "summary": [{"text": "plesiocystiscus gutta is a species of minute sea snail , a marine gastropod in the family marginellidae , sometimes instead placed in the eponymous family cystiscidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species is sometimes known simply as cystiscus gutta . ", "topic": 27}], "title": "plesiocystiscus gutta", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about plesiocystiscus gutta ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for plesiocystiscus gutta ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhow can i put and write and define plesiocystiscus gutta in a sentence and how is the word plesiocystiscus gutta used in a sentence and examples ? \u7528plesiocystiscus gutta\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528plesiocystiscus gutta\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528plesiocystiscus gutta\u9020\u53e5 , plesiocystiscus gutta meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : plesiocystiscus gutta ( s . gofas & f . fernandes , 1988 ) - id : 2030451745\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ngland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) \u2013 australia\u2019s unique reptiles \u2013 including lizards and snakes \u2013 face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .\nthe value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .\na recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .\ngofas s . & fernandes f . 1988 . the marginellids of s\u00e3o tom\u00e9 , west africa . journal of conchology 33 ( 1 ) : 1 - 30 , pls . 1 - 2 . page ( s ) : 16 - 19 , pl . 2a [ details ]\ncoovert g . a . & coovert h . k . ( 1995 ) revision of the supraspecific classification of marginelliform gastropods . the nautilus 109 ( 2 - 3 ) : 43 - 110 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 67 [ details ]\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\ngofas s . & fernandes f . 1988 . the marginellids of s\u00e3o tom\u00e9 , west africa . < i > journal of conchology < / i > 33 ( 1 ) : 1 - 30 , pls . 1 - 2 .\ncoovert g . a . & coovert h . k . ( 1995 ) revision of the supraspecific classification of marginelliform gastropods . < i > the nautilus < / i > 109 ( 2 - 3 ) : 43 - 110 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the family .\n, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the country .\n, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the ecosystem .\ncfm script by , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by kbanasihan , 06 / 28 / 2010\ntwo new species of teretia ( gastropoda : raphitomidae ) from west africa . in 8vo , offp . , pp . 15 with 9 figs . offprint from iberus 35 ( 2 )\na new genus of the family tornidae ( gastropoda : truncatelloidea ) with the description of eight new species . in 8vo , offp . , pp . 18 with 9 figs . offprint from iberus 34 ( 2 )\ntaxonomic notes on the alvania dictyophora complex with the description of alvania desabatae spec . nov . ( gastropoda : rissoidae ) from the mediterranean sea . in 8vo , offp . , pp . 18 with 5 figs ( 2 in color ) . offprint from iberus 34 ( 2 )\ngastropods collected along the continental slope of the colombian carribean during the invemar - macrofauna campaigns ( 1998 - 2001 ) . in 8vo , offp . , pp . 33 , with 56 figs . offprint from iberus 22 ( 1 )\nbooks llc , wiki series , 2011 . condition : new . this item is printed on demand for shipment within 3 working days .\ncircuitus , a new genus of the family tornidae ( gastropoda , truncatelloidea ) with the description of six new species . in 8vo , broch . , pp . 16 with 7 figs . extract from iberus 35 ( 1 ) .\nlorenzo p\u00e9rez agust\u00edn , 2016 . soft . condition : new . * * * nota : el coste de env\u00edo a canarias es 11 . 49 euros . si ha realizado un pedido con destino a canarias no podemos hacer el env\u00edo con el coste actual . nos pondremos en contacto con usted para comunicar el coste total del env\u00edo a canarias y si est\u00e1 de acuerdo , abebooks le efectuar\u00e1 el cargo adicional .\ntell us what you ' re looking for and once a match is found , we ' ll inform you by e - mail .\ncan ' t remember the title or the author of a book ? our booksleuth is specially designed for you .\nby using the web site , you confirm that you have read , understood , and agreed to be bound by the terms and conditions . \u00a9 1996 - 2018 abebooks inc . all rights reserved . abebooks , the abebooks logo , abebooks . com ,\npassion for books .\nand\npassion for books . books for your passion .\nare registered trademarks with the registered us patent & trademark office ."]}
{"id": 490, "summary": [{"text": "calamorhabdium is a small genus of colubrid snakes known as iridescent snakes .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "the genus contains two described species .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "both species are burrowing snakes found in asia . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "calamorhabdium", "paragraphs": ["calamorhabdium kuekenthali boettger 1898 calamorhabdium kuekenthali \u2014 manthey & grossmann 1997 : 329 calamorhabdium kuekenthali \u2014 wallach et al . 2014 : 143\ncalamorhabdium acuticeps ahl 1933 : 579 calamorhabdium acuticeps \u2014 de lang & vogel 2005 calamorhabdium acuticeps \u2014 wallach et al . 2014 : 143\ntype species : calamorhabdium kuekenthali boettger 1898 is the type species of the genus calamorhabdium boettger 1898 .\nbeolens , bo ; michael watkins , and michael grayson 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , usa - get paper here\nboettger , o . 1898 . katalog der reptilien - sammlung im museum der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft in frankfurt / m . 2 . teil ( schlangen ) . frankfurt / m ( gebr . knauer ) , i - ix + 1 - 160 . - get paper here\nmanthey , u . & grossmann , w . 1997 . amphibien & reptilien s\u00fcdostasiens . natur und tier verlag ( m\u00fcnster ) , 512 pp . - get paper here\nwallach , van ; kenneth l . williams , jeff boundy 2014 . snakes of the world : a catalogue of living and extinct species . taylor and francis , crc press , 1237 pp .\nthis database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .\nholotype : zmb ( not explicitly mentioned in ahl 1933 but other types from the same paper are in zmb ) .\nahl , e . 1933 . ergebnisse der celebes und halmahera expedition heinrich 1930 - 32 . reptilien und amphibien . mit . zool . mus . berlin 19 : 577 - 583 [ 1935 ]\nkoch , a . 2012 . discovery , diversity , and distribution of the amphibians and reptiles of sulawesi and its offshore islands . edition chimaira , 374 pp . [ isbn 978 - 3 - 89973 - 432 - 4 ] - get paper here\nlang , r . de & g . vogel 2005 . the snakes of sulawesi . a field guide to the land snakes of sulawesi with identification keys . frankfurter beitr\u00e4ge zur naturkunde , 25 , edition chimaira , frankfurt am main , 312 pp .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nahl , e . ( 1933 ) ergebnisse der celebes und halmahera expedition heinrich 1930 - 32 . reptilien und amphibien . : mit . zool . mus . berlin 19 : 577 - 583 [ 1935 ]\nfrank , norman & ramus , erica ( 1995 ) a complete guide to scientific and common names of reptiles and amphibians of the world . : pottsville : n g publishing inc . , 377 pp .\nlang , r . de & g . vogel ( 2005 ) the snakes of sulawesi . a field guide to the land snakes of sulawesi with identification keys . : frankfurter beitr\u00e4ge zur naturkunde , 25 , edition chimaira , frankfurt am main , 312 pp .\njavascript seems to be disabled in your browser . you must have javascript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nthreatened eastern indigo snake ( drymarchon corais couperi )\nby usfws endangered species via flickr , creative commons attribution .\nscarlet kingsnake eating a pinky\nby snakecollector via flickr , creative commons attribution .\nbull snake a . ka . the deige ( pituophis catenifer sayi )\nby dallas krentzel via flickr , creative commons attribution .\nwestern terrrestrial garter snake\nby nordique via flickr , creative commons attribution .\ncommon garter snake ( thamnophis sirtalis )\nby franco folini via flickr , creative commons attribution sharealike .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ngeneral shape very small in length , cylindrical bodied snake with a very short tail ending in an obtuse point . can grow to a maximum of about 0 . 26 metres . head is indistinct from neck . snout is pointed and projecting beyond the lower jaw . eyes are small in size with round pupils . dorsal scales are smooth without apical pits . ventrals are rounded .\ngeneral : rate of envenoming : non - venomous , so essentially all bites should be\ndry\n.\ndescription : first aid for bites by non - front - fanged colubroid snakes likely to cause either no effects or only mild local effects .\ntreatment summary bites by this species are not expected to cause medically significant effects and the only risk , probably small , is local secondary infection . patients presenting with bites by these snakes do not require medical attention , other than to check for infection and ensure tetanus immune status . patients should be advised to return if local symptoms develop , suggesting secondary infection .\nkey diagnostic features either no effects or minimal local pain & swelling only . no systemic effects .\ngeneral approach to management while most cases will be minor , not requiring admission , some cases will be more severe , requiring admission and treatment , so assess carefully before early discharge .\n( cc by - sa 3 . 0 ) , or the attribution - noncommerical - sharealike\n( cc by - nc - sa 3 . 0 ) , or the attribution - share alike\n( gpl3 . 0 ) , or in the public domain ( pd ) , as shown in the caption to the image displayed on www . toxinology . com .\ncopyright 2001 - 2018 toxinology , wch . all rights reserved . best viewed in 800x600 resolution or higher .\nscientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !"]}
{"id": 514, "summary": [{"text": "epermenia septicodes is a moth in the family epermeniidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by meyrick in 1917 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in sri lanka .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 14 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are deep yellow-ochreous , the base of the costa suffused with blackish-grey , and with some scattered scales along it to the middle .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a narrow irregular blackish-grey fascia from the middle of the dorsum towards the middle of the costa , but not reaching it , as well as a transverse blackish-grey spot from the tornus not reaching the costa , and another crossing the wing midway between this and the apex , connected with it by a terminal streak .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "epermenia septicodes", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for septicodes definition . you find here septicodes meaning , synonyms of septicodes and images for septicodes copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word septicodes . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word septicodes and , of course , septicodes synonyms and on the right images related to the word septicodes .\nhave a fact about epermenia leucomantis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for epermenia leucomantis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a fact about epermenia insecurella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for epermenia insecurella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nepermenia insecurella , the chalk - hill lance - wing , is a moth of the family epermeniidae .\nepermeniidae occur worldwide in both temperate and tropical regions where especially in montane areas ( robinson et al . , 1994 ) , but are sparsely known from the afrotropics . gnathifera occurs from australia to new caledonia ; epermenia ranges from the palaearctic to indo - australia and the pacific islands ( holloway et al . , 2001 ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nphaulernis fulviguttella , the yellow - spotted lance - wing , is a moth of the family epermeniidae .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\n. the group has been extensively revised and catalogued by dr reinhard gaedike ( e . g . gaedike , 1977 , 1979 ) .\ndisambiguation notes : gnathifera ahlrichs , 1995 ( gnathiferans ) is also the name of a superphylum . chauliodus bloch & schneider , 1801 is a genus of viperfish .\nepermeniidae are small narrow - winged moths , 7 - 20 mm . in wingspan , with conspicuous whorls of bristles on their legs , lacking spines on the abdomen unlike some similar moths . the smoothly scaled head bears no [ 2 ] is the easiest field character ( common , 1990 ) .\nthe cocoon ( robinson et al . , 1994 ) and may be found in its fine open - network cocoon on the plant or amongst debris on the ground ( common , 1990 ) .\ncommon , i . f . b . ( 1990 ) . moths of australia . brill academic publishers , leiden . 535 pages .\ndugdale , j . s . , kristensen , n . p . , robinson , g . s . and scoble , m . j . ( 1999 ) [ 1998 ] . the smaller microlepidoptera grade superfamilies , ch . 13 . , pp . 217 - 232 in kristensen , n . p . ( ed . ) . lepidoptera , moths and butterflies . volume 1 : evolution , systematics , and biogeography . handbuch der zoologie . eine naturgeschichte der st\u00e4mme des tierreiches / handbook of zoology . a natural history of the phyla of the animal kingdom . band / volume iv arthropoda : insecta teilband / part 35 : 491 pp . walter de gruyter , berlin , new york .\ngaedike , r . ( 1977 ) . revision der nearktischen und neotropischen epermeniidae ( lepidoptera ) . beitr\u00e4ge zur entomologia , 27 ( 2 ) : 301 - 312 .\ngaedike , r . ( 1979 ) . katalog der epermeniidae der welt ( lepidoptera ) . beitr\u00e4ge zur entomologia , 29 : 201 - 209 .\nholloway , j . d . , kibby , g and peggie , d . ( 1997 ) . the families of malesian moths and butterflies . fauna malesia handbooks . 455 pp . brill academic publishers , leiden .\nrobinson , g . s . , tuck , k . r . , shaffer , m . and cook , k . ( 1994 ) . the smaller moths of south - east asia . malaysian nature society , kuala lumpur .\nthis article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department ."]}
{"id": 526, "summary": [{"text": "ligiidae is a family of woodlice , the only family in the infraorder diplocheta .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "its members are common on rocky shores , in similar habitats to those inhabited by species of the bristletail petrobius and the crab cyclograpsus .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "the family contains the following genera : caucasoligidium borutzky , 1950 ligia fabricius , 1798 ligidioides wahrberg , 1922 ligidium brandt , 1833 tauroligidium borutzky , 1950", "topic": 26}], "title": "ligiidae", "paragraphs": ["ligiidae brandt & ratzeburg , 1831 : xxx . - roman & dalens , 1999 : 297 .\nboyko , c . b ; bruce , n . l . ; hadfield , k . a . ; merrin , k . l . ; ota , y . ; poore , g . c . b . ; taiti , s . ; schotte , m . & wilson , g . d . f . ( eds ) ( 2008 onwards ) . world marine , freshwater and terrestrial isopod crustaceans database . ligiidae leach , 1814 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 146997 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nschotte , m . , b . f . kensley , and s . shilling . ( 1995 - 2017 ) . world list of marine , freshwater and terrestrial crustacea isopoda . national museum of natural history smithsonian institution : washington d . c . , usa [ website archived on 2018 - 01 - 25 ] . [ details ]\nmartin , j . w . , & davis , g . e . ( 2001 ) . an updated classification of the recent crustacea . science series , 39 . natural history museum of los angeles county . los angeles , ca ( usa ) . 124 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nschmalfuss , h . ( 2003 ) . world catalog of terrestrial isopods ( isopoda : oniscidea ) . stuttgarter beitr\u00e4ge zur naturkunde . serie a , 654 : 1 - 341 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30ad\u30bf\u30d5\u30ca\u30e0\u30b7\nto\nligia cinerascens budde - lund , 1885\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30df\u30e4\u30b1\u30d5\u30ca\u30e0\u30b7\nto\nligia miyakensis nunomura , 1999\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30a2\u30b7\u30ca\u30ac\u30d5\u30ca\u30e0\u30b7\nto\nligia yamanishii nunomura , 1990\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30d2\u30e1\u30d5\u30ca\u30e0\u30b7\nto\nligidium japonicum verhoeff , 1918\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30cf\u30c1\u30b8\u30e7\u30a6\u30d5\u30ca\u30e0\u30b7\nto\nligia hachijoensis nunomura , 1999\n.\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\ndoctype html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nwithout loss or gross modification of appendages on one side of the body ; in dorsal view without peduncular articles of antenna 1 or 2 contiguous with coxal margins .\nnot capable of lateral rotation ( laterally encompassed , abutting or fused to pereonite 1 ) .\ninserting on head directly between and in same horizontal plane as antenna 2 , usually minute ; not as follows : reduced to 2 articles with second article expanded and scalloped .\nextending ventrally and laterally to overhang the coxa - basis articulation of the pereopods .\n6 - 7 pairs readily apparent ; 1 - 3 or 1 - 7 not prehensile .\nnot arranged as follows : pleonites 1 - 5 fused but with conspicuous lateral sutures , pleotelson fused to pleonites 1 - 5 ; pleonites 1 - 5 fused but with conspicuous lateral sutures , pleotelson not fused to pleonites 1 - 5 ; pleonites 1 - 5 fused without conspicuous sutures , pleotelson not fused to pleonites 1 - 5 ; pleonites 2 - 5 fused but with partial ( usually lateral ) sutures , pleotelson wholly or partly fused with pleonites 2 - 5 ; pleonites 3 - 5 fused without lateral sutures , pleotelson fused with pleonites 3 - 5 , pleonites 1 and 2 free but may be only small rings or cuticular bars visible ventrally .\nnot consisting of an enlarged peduncle with a geniculate endopod and a small muscular exopod .\npositioned distally on pleotelson ; distinct from pleopods , not forming operculum over pleopodal chamber ( although may be folded ventrally below pleotelson ) ; not folded ventrally to form operculum over anus , usually projecting beyond pleotelson , attaching along posterior margin of pleotelson . peduncle not forming an elongate clavate article with rami reduced or absent . endopod not claw - like ( acute and recurved ) andor posteroventral in position . exopod not folded dorsally over pleotelson .\ncite this publication as : ' s . j . keable , g . c . b . poore & g . d . f . wilson ( 2002 onwards ) . ' australian isopoda : families . version : 2 october 2002 . urltoken ' .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\nthe common sea slater is a sea - shore relative of woodlice that can grow up to 3 cm in length . it has a flattened , oval - shaped body that is\u2026\nwildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa\nall the photos displayed here are believed to be correctly identified . select a family in the listing on the left in order to see images of species in that family . if a family name has no link then we have no photos for any members of that family . click on a thumbnail image to see the picture at a large size .\nthis gallery is work in progress , and many species ( often of similar appearance ) are not yet depicted .\nfor some species groups it is difficult to make reliable identifications from a photograph alone .\noften it is necessary to dissect , or clear , specimens to reveal relevant structures for identification ."]}
{"id": 529, "summary": [{"text": "amphilepis is a genus of brittle stars of the family amphilepididae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it contains the following species : amphilepis antarctica amphilepis guerini amphilepis ingolfiana amphilepis mobilis amphilepis neozelandica amphilepis norvegica amphilepis nuda amphilepis papyracea amphilepis patens amphilepis pycnostoma amphilepis sanmatiensis amphilepis scutata amphilepis tenuis amphilepis teodorae", "topic": 26}], "title": "amphilepis", "paragraphs": ["species amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 accepted as amphilepis patens lyman , 1879 ( synonymized by h . l . clark ( 1917 ) )\nworms - world register of marine species - amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911\nworms - world register of marine species - amphilepis pycnostoma ( h . l . clark , 1911 )\namphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ( synonymized by h . l . clark ( 1917 ) )\n( of amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ) st\u00f6hr sabine ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nspecies amphilepis gymnopora hertz , 1926 accepted as amphiura belgicae koehler , 1900 ( synonymized by a . m . clark ( 1965 ) )\nspecies amphilepis diastata murakami , 1942 accepted as amphiura diastata ( murakami , 1942 ) ( synonymized by a . m . clark ( 1965 ) )\nto barcode of life to biodiversity heritage library ( 10 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 4 publications ) ( from synonym amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ) to encyclopedia of life to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ) to mczbase - harvard university ( mcz oph - 3173 ) ( from synonym amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ) to mczbase - harvard university ( mcz oph - 3383 ) ( from synonym amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology echinodermata collection ( 4 records ) ( from synonym amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology echinodermata collection ( 5 records ) to itis\nspecies amphilepis remittens koehler , 1922 accepted as ophiomonas remittens ( koehler , 1922 ) ( transferred to ophiomonas by a . m . clark ( 1970 ) )\no\u2019hara t ( 2009 ) . amphilepis neozelandica sp . nov . , the first record of the amphilepididae in new zealand waters ( echinodermata : ophiuroidea ) .\n( of amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ) clark , h . l . ( 1911 ) . north pacific ophiurans in the collection of the united states national museum . smithsonian institution united states national museum bulletin . 75 : 1 - 302 . [ details ]\nthis dataset contains the digitized treatments in plazi based on the original journal article mills , sadie , o\u2019hara , timothy ( 2010 ) : amphilepis neozelandica sp . nov . , the first record of the amphilepididae in new zealand waters ( echinodermata : ophiuroidea ) . zootaxa 2514 : 47 - 54 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 196098\n( of amphilepis platytata h . l . clark , 1911 ) clark , h . l . ( 1917 ) . reports on the scientific results of the albatross expedition to the tropical pacific , 1899 - 1900 ( part 18 ) . reports on the scientific results of the albatross expedition to the eastern tropical pacific , 1904 - 1905 ( part 30 ) . ophiuroidea . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology at harvard . 61 ( 12 ) : 429 - 453 . [ details ]\nst\u00f6hr , s . ; o\u2019hara , t . & thuy , b . ( eds ) ( 2018 ) . world ophiuroidea database .\nhansson , h . g . ( 2001 ) . echinodermata , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , . 50 : pp . 336 - 351 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nhansson , h . ( 2004 ) . north east atlantic taxa ( neat ) : nematoda . internet pdf ed . aug 1998 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nlyman , t . ( 1879 ) . ophiuridae and astrophytidae of the \u201cchallenger\u201d expedition . part ii . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology at harvard college , cambridge , mass . 6 ( 2 ) , 17 - 83 , 10 pl . [ details ]\nintergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of amphiura norvegica ljungman , 1865 ) ljungman , a . v . ( 1865 ) . till\u00e4gg till k\u00e4nnedom af skandinaviens ophiurider . \u00f6fversigt af kgl . vetenskaps - akademiens f\u00f6rhandlingar 1863 . 21 ( 7 ) , 359 - 367 , pl . xv . [ details ]\ndyntaxa . ( 2013 ) . swedish taxonomic database . accessed at urltoken [ 15 - 01 - 2013 ] . , available online at http : / / urltoken [ details ]\nhansson , h . ( 2004 ) . north east atlantic taxa ( neat ) : nematoda . internet pdf ed . aug 1998 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors\n( of amphiura norvegica ljungman , 1865 ) hansson , h . ( 2004 ) . north east atlantic taxa ( neat ) : nematoda . internet pdf ed . aug 1998 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors\n( of amphiura norvegica ljungman , 1865 ) hansson , h . g . ( 2001 ) . echinodermata , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , . 50 : pp . 336 - 351 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\namphiura pycnostoma h . l . clark , 1911 ( transferred by a . m . clark ( 1970 ) )\n( of amphiura pycnostoma h . l . clark , 1911 ) clark , h . l . ( 1911 ) . north pacific ophiurans in the collection of the united states national museum . smithsonian institution united states national museum bulletin . 75 : 1 - 302 . [ details ]\n( of amphiura pycnostoma h . l . clark , 1911 ) clark , a . m . ( 1970 ) . notes on the family amphiuridae ( ophiuroidea ) . bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( zool . ) 19 ( 1 ) : 1 - 81 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of amphiura pycnostoma h . l . clark , 1911 ) st\u00f6hr sabine ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nto biodiversity heritage library ( 5 publications ) ( from synonym amphiura pycnostoma h . l . clark , 1911 ) to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym amphiura pycnostoma h . l . clark , 1911 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology echinodermata collection ( holotype usnm 25641 ) ( from synonym amphiura pycnostoma h . l . clark , 1911 )\nclark , h . l . ( 1911 ) . north pacific ophiurans in the collection of the united states national museum . smithsonian institution united states national museum bulletin . 75 : 1 - 302 . [ details ]\nclark , h . l . ( 1917 ) . reports on the scientific results of the albatross expedition to the tropical pacific , 1899 - 1900 ( part 18 ) . reports on the scientific results of the albatross expedition to the eastern tropical pacific , 1904 - 1905 ( part 30 ) . ophiuroidea . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology at harvard . 61 ( 12 ) : 429 - 453 . [ details ]\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser ."]}
{"id": 535, "summary": [{"text": "parochromolopis mexicana is a moth in the epermeniidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by gaedike and becker in 1989 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in mexico ( chiapas ) . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "parochromolopis mexicana", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for parochromolopis definition . you find here parochromolopis meaning , synonyms of parochromolopis and images for parochromolopis copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhave a fact about parochromolopis mexicana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for parochromolopis mexicana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word parochromolopis . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word parochromolopis and , of course , parochromolopis synonyms and on the right images related to the word parochromolopis .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nphaulernis fulviguttella , the yellow - spotted lance - wing , is a moth of the family epermeniidae .\nepermenia insecurella , the chalk - hill lance - wing , is a moth of the family epermeniidae ."]}
{"id": 542, "summary": [{"text": "elachista tinctella is a moth in the elachistidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by sinev and sruoga in 1995 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in south-eastern siberia . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "elachista tinctella", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for tinctella definition . you find here tinctella meaning , synonyms of tinctella and images for tinctella copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word tinctella . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word tinctella and , of course , tinctella synonyms and on the right images related to the word tinctella .\nelachista alpinella ( marsh dwarf ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 4 / 3 / 2015 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nnationally scarce ( nb ) in marshes , water - meadows and other damp areas throughout most of the british isles .\nlong slender downward gallery mine from the leaf tip , up to 60cm long .\nrecorded in 13 ( 19 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1920 . last recorded in 2016 .\n\u2022 timberline wood , herts . gen . det . m . harper \u2022 \u00a9\nthis rather scarce and local species occurs in mature deciduous woodland habitats in southern england and wales .\nlittle is known of the larval stages , but it is believed to feed under decaying bark or rotting wood .\n, which however has a brighter yellow tone to the head and thorax area . they fly in may / june and are attracted to light .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 15 13 : 58 : 38 page render time : 0 . 3657s total w / procache : 0 . 4156s\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\ncaloneis crassa caloneis crassa ( greg . ) r . ross in b . hartley , 1986\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nimportant - please note that the maps and accounts are provisional , subject to change and further update . the whole dataset still needs to go through the final verification process and it is likely that a very small number of records will not satisfy the present requirements and there are other records that have not been formally submitted . the information is for guidance only .\nfor the region , we have a total of 2 records from 2 sites . earliest record on file is in 1987 ."]}
{"id": 551, "summary": [{"text": "nerice bidentata , the base-streaked prominent moth or double-toothed prominent moth , is a moth of the family notodontidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in from nova scotia to florida , west to texas and north to saskatchewan .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 30 \u2013 40 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have a two-coloured forewing .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the lower half is greyish brown and the upper half is light to dark brown .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "these are separated by a doubly toothed blackish band with a variable white edging .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are brown , although somewhat darker toward the margin .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "they are on wing from april to september and again from may to august in one generation per year in the north .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "the larvae feed on the leaves of ulmus species .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they are chalky-green and are similar to the leaf edges of the host plant .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "larvae can be found from june to october . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "nerice bidentata", "paragraphs": ["species nerice bidentata - double - toothed prominent - hodges # 7929 - bugguide . net\nnot surprisingly , double - toothed prominents are a favorite around here . we love how accurately their double - toothed backs imitate the double - toothed elm leaves on which they live and feed . we love searching for them on little sunburnt elm trees along roadsides . we love their scientific name , nerice bidentata , which has inspired us to nickname them \u201ccrazy old nerice , \u201d a deeply obscure reference to disney\u2019s beauty and the beast .\ntoday , we discovered another reason to love the double - toothed prominent : a delightful old article describing the species . in june 1892 , caroline g . soule\u2019s \u201cthe early stages of nerice bidentata\u201d was published in the cambride entomological club journal , psyche . in her nine succinct paragraphs , soule made me feel as if i\u2019d never really even looked at the double - toothed prominent . she\u2019s meticulously descriptive :\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\n: fw grayish with black double - toothed bar running from the base to mid outer margin , fading to brown at the costa . sub - apical dash shaded with white . hw brown , darker toward margin .\ncaterpillars of eastern north america david l . wagner . 2005 . princeton university press .\ncheck list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . hodges , et al . ( editors ) . 1983 . e . w . classey , london . 284 pp .\npeterson field guide to moths of northeastern north america david beadle and seabrooke leckie . 2012 . houghton mifflin .\npeterson field guides : eastern moths charles v . covell . 1984 . houghton mifflin company .\ncaterpillars of eastern forests david l . wagner , valerie giles , richard c . reardon , michael l . mcmanus . 1998 . u . s . dept of agriculture , forest health technology enterprise team .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\neasily recognized by the doubly toothed blackish band that separates grayish brown lower half of forewing from light to dark brown upper half . note variable white edging along toothed band . hindwing brown , darker toward margin .\nthe caterpillar lab fosters greater appreciation and care for the complexity and beauty of our local natural history through live caterpillar educational programs , research initiatives , and photography and film projects . we believe that an increased awareness of one\u2019s local environment is the foundation on which healthy and responsible attitudes towards the broader natural systems of this world is built .\n\u201caug . 23 . 3d moult . 5 / 8in . long . head large , round , bilobed , smooth , green with dark face lines\u2026 4th segment had a double dorsal hump , tipped with brown ; 5th , a much larger double hump , yellow green , tipped with brown , the brown extending down the front and back like a dorsal line lifted by the hump ! 6th to 10th segments had similar humps , but smaller , like that on 4th\u2026 spiracles , heretofore unnoticeable , green with a brown line on each side , and from them spread white lines like veins , distinct on the green sides of the larva . \u201d\n\u201csept . 8th . \u2026 the pupa was very active , rolling a foot or more at a time . \u201c\ninterestingly , caroline soule lived in brookline , massachusetts , just a few miles from where our executive director sam jaffe was born and raised . caterpillar love and keen observation skills must be in the water down there !\npsyche is an open - access journal that\u2019s been in publication since 1874 . you can read caroline soule\u2019s full article on pysche\u2019s website here : urltoken ( just click \u201cfull - text pdf\non the right ) .\neach week ( or at least some weeks ! ) the caterpillar lab features a\ncaterpillar of the week .\neach featured caterpillar is a species we ' ve raised at our lab in keene , nh . we hope you enjoy meeting the caterpillars of new england !\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nbiokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright \u00a9 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .\na double - toothed prominent moth in anne arundel co . , maryland ( 6 / 9 / 2016 ) . identification verified by roger downer / bamona . photo by timothy reichard . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 5 / 28 / 2014 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 6 / 13 / 2017 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth in baltimore co . , maryland ( 6 / 2 / 2017 ) . determined by john s . ascher / bugguide . photo by emily stanley . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 5 / 12 / 2004 ) . specimen provided by bob patterson . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth in howard co . , maryland ( 5 / 19 / 2005 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth collected in frederick co . , maryland ( 8 / 7 / 2003 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth caterpillar in baltimore co . , maryland ( 9 / 1 / 2013 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth in howard co . , maryland ( 9 / 7 / 2015 ) . verified by brandon woo / bugguide . photo by bonnie ott . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth larva in frederick co . , maryland ( 8 / 31 / 2016 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )\na double - toothed prominent moth caterpillar in calvert co . , maryland ( 8 / 29 / 2003 ) . photo by arlene ripley . ( mbp list )\nuse of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer ."]}
{"id": 564, "summary": [{"text": "epermenia commonella is a moth in the epermeniidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by gaedike in 1968 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "epermenia commonella", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nthis adult moth has cream forewings , each with several bands of brown speckles .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7affcf95 - 33db - 4ca2 - ac23 - f24680809e25\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : bdf9c16c - e69c - 487e - 9446 - 51dc2355bf11\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 378217\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsend mail to wvdvorst @ urltoken with questions or comments about this web site . copyright \u00a9 2015 urltoken lepidoptera of the world last modified : 01 - 03 - 15"]}
{"id": 575, "summary": [{"text": "eisenia andrei is a close relative of the ' brandling ' or ' tiger ' worm , eisenia fetida .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "like its sibling species , it is epigeic , i.e. it prefers to live in compost or leaf litter rather than mineral soils .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "it can be distinguished from e. fetida as it is darker in colour , and the characteristic stripes are less pronounced .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "although its status as a separate species was fully confirmed in the mid-1980s by molecular analyses ( based on electrophoresis of protein isoforms ) , e. andrei is still often misidentified and confused with e. fetida . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "eisenia andrei", "paragraphs": ["oecd ilibrary | test no . 222 : earthworm reproduction test ( eisenia fetida / eisenia andrei )\nhistopathological and molecular effects of microplastics in eisenia andrei bouch\u00e9 . - pubmed - ncbi\nidentification and cloning of an invertebrate - type lysozyme from eisenia andrei . - pubmed - ncbi\nthis test guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals in soil on the reproductive output ( and other sub - lethal end points ) of the earthworm species eisenia fetida or eisenia andrei .\nsensitivity of eisenia andrei ( annelida , oligochaeta ) to a commercial formulation of abamectin in avoidance tests with artificial substrate and natural soil under tropical conditions .\na vermelha - da - calif\u00f3rnia ( eisenia andrei ) \u00e9 a esp\u00e9cie de minhoca mais adotada em todo o mundo para reciclar res\u00edduos org\u00e2nicos . mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es em urltoken\nsensitivity of eisenia andrei ( annelida , oligochaeta ) to a commercial formulation of abamectin in avoidance tests with artificial substrate and nat . . . - pubmed - ncbi\nthis is interesting reading : eisenias . pdf ( from urltoken ) the difference between eisenia fetida and eisenia andrei . now i ' m wondering if i ' ve got ef , ea , or both ! i ' m * really * going to have to examine them carefully : - )\nsri sai farm development services offers healthy adult composting earthworms - eisenia andrei - commonly nown as ' red wrigglers ] - in safe packing for domestic and export markets . the eisenia species of earthworms are the best composting earthworms . these earthworms are now highly regarded - as a rich biological resource with a multitude of uses having commercial and environmental applications . the species eisenia andrei in vermiculture or vermicomposting is more recommended since its growth and reproduction rates are higher - it produces more cocoons than other species , and the number of hatchlings per cocoon is also higher .\nhere ' s some of the best articles i found based on their titles , along with the urls to find them . i haven ' t had a chance to read any of them yet but i wanted to get the most interesting ones out to you all . jorge dom\u00ednguez ( 2004 ) state of the art and new perspectives on vermicomposting research . in ca edwards ( ed ) earthworm ecology ( 2nd edition ) . crc press llc . pp 401 - 424 . urltoken jorge dom\u00ednguez , maria j . briones , salustiano mato ( 1997 ) effect of the diet on growth and reproduction of eisenia andrei ( oligochaeta , lumbricidae ) . pedobiologia 41 , 566 - 576 urltoken jorge dom\u00ednguez , clive a . edwards ( 1997 ) effects of stocking rate and moisture content on the growth and maturation of eisenia andrei ( oligochaeta ) in pig manure . soil biology and biochemistry 29 , 743 - 746 urltoken\nsigh , i have both . in short the eisenia fetida are the striped or banded worms , the tiger worms . eisenia andrei are the solid red worms without stripes . e . andrie are the more productive worms laying more cocoons . the two species are very closely related and can mate but the cocoons from such crosses aren ' t viable . so if you have a mix of worms you get low , slow reproduction rates . sounds right i have always had slow reproduction in my bin . also i have noticed that i get the banded e . fetida worms coming out of the bottom of my flow through when i harvest and i always see the red e . andrei on the top when i feed . when i harvest i always put the worms back into the bin . and after not too long the banded ones are no longer on top . perhaps they like to stay a bit deeper in the bin .\ni had always heard that they looked so much alike that it would take lab tests to tell them apart . but this article spells out just how easy it can be . well for wormaholics anyway . i did know i had two different kinds of worms and wondered . well at one point i had euro ' s too but the cold weather power outages took them out . but to be honest i had the species backwards , nice to get it straitened out . i been thinking of building a smaller version of larry d ' s flow through maybe 3 by 5 . now i am wondering how i will get the red e andrei i want without the risk of getting e fetida too .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nthe id resolving service for stable taxon ids is currently under maintenance . meanwhile , please use the name search in order to find the taxon page .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\njavascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect \u00ae is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .\nthe two species are very closely related and can mate but the cocoons from such crosses aren ' t viable .\nthat ' s the first time i heard that . i also thought they were much more difficult to differentiate , requiring something like protein analysis to tell them apart . oh well , just one more variable . i ' m shooting for as many species as possible in my outdoor bins , so no worries for me .\nand i was joking about sortin ' them suckers .\nsteamy , we all know you never joke around . larry , you know i agree with you about the mixed species bin , but if ef & ea can mate and produce dud cocoons . . . that could really mess up the rates of reproduction . lots of mating and cocoons without many babies is not too good for a worm farmer .\ndoes anyone know how early you can tell ef and ea apart ? i was just about to get just efs out of my mixed bin and start a single species bin . i ' m sure glad i read this first ! ! i can ' t tell my pes from my esenia of either type when they ' re young ( as in before they are sexually mature . ) i guess i ' ll have 1 bin that ' s 3 species and have 2 smaller pure ef and pure ea bins where i ' ve taken only obvious adults out of the mixed bin . this is , of course , just for the fun of it . as with steamyb ,\ni really don ' t care who or what ' s in that box o ' rot as long as they\nthe community\neat that garbage .\nalso , one of the ways i was distinguishing my efs from the pes was the yellow tail on the efs . i haven ' t looked at my herd yet , but does anyone know if both have the yellowish tails ?\ni was looking to see if i could find other interesting articles by the same authors . i loved the title of this one , though it won ' t effect our vermicomposting . velando , a . , eiroa , j . & dom\u00ednguez j . 2008 . brainless but not clueless : earthworms boost their ejaculates when they detect fecund nonvirgin partners . proceedings of the royal society london b 275 : 1067 - 72\nsusan , if you look at these photo ' s , even the small ef ' s have yellow tails , while the pe ' s do not .\nsome of my juvenile e . hortensis look like the\ntiger worm\n.\npeter , thanks for the photos ! very helpful . now the challenge is to tell juvenile efs from eas . i think when i sort ( if i ever get around to it ) , i ' d be safer to sort obvious mature adults and leave everything else in the mixed bin . two mistakes would ruin the effort to get just efs in one bin and just eas in another . i don ' t know if avoiding the decrease in fertility with a mixed ef / ea bin will be worth the effort , but i ' ll have some time in december to give it a try .\nadult worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance either mixed into the soil or applied to the soil surface . the range of test concentrations is selected to encompass those likely to cause both sub - lethal and lethal effects over a period of eight weeks . the limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg / kg . this study includes the observation of unusual behaviour and morphology , the counting and weighing of the adult worms after the four primary weeks , the number of juveniles hatched at the end of the second 4 - week period . the reproductive output of the worms exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control ( s ) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration ( noec ) and / or ecx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output . the test concentrations should bracket the ecx so that the ecx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation .\nis the online library of the organisation for economic cooperation and development ( oecd ) featuring its books , papers and statistics and is the gateway to oecd ' s analysis and data .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nn\u00facleo de estudos em ecossistemas aqu\u00e1ticos , departamento de hidr\u00e1ulica e saneamento , escola de engenharia de s\u00e3o carlos , universidade de s\u00e3o paulo , s\u00e3o carlos , sp , brazil . metnunes @ urltoken\ndepartment of immunology , institute of microbiology , academy of sciences of the czech republic , prague , czech republic .\nenviron pollut . 2017 jan ; 220 ( pt a ) : 495 - 503 . doi : 10 . 1016 / j . envpol . 2016 . 09 . 092 . epub 2016 oct 13 .\nrodriguez - seijo a 1 , louren\u00e7o j 2 , rocha - santos tap 3 , da costa j 3 , duarte ac 3 , vala h 4 , pereira r 5 .\ndepartment of plant biology and soil science , universidade de vigo , as lagoas , marcosende , 36310 vigo , spain .\ndepartment of biology & cesam , university of aveiro , 3810 - 193 aveiro , portugal .\ndepartment of chemistry & cesam , university of aveiro , 3810 - 193 aveiro , portugal .\nagrarian school of viseu , polytechnic institute of viseu . viseu , portugal ; centre for the research and technology of agro - environmental and biological sciences ( citab and centre for studies in education , and health technologies ( ci & dets ) , portugal .\ndepartment of biology , faculty of sciences of the university of porto & ciimar - interdisciplinary centre of marine and environmental research & greenup / citab - up , porto , portugal . electronic address : ruth . pereira @ fc . up . pt .\nsri sai farm development services was established in the year 2009 to promote promote environmentally sustainable agribusiness and green businesses . our motto is restore soil , protect environment and support the farmer . we manufacture and supply high quality , pure unadulterated vermicompost made purely from cattle manure and agriculture waste . we also supply organic basmati rice organic wheat and pulses . our farm location is close to new delhi . we offer a fair deal , prompt and qualitative services and timely delivery of consignments .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools ."]}
{"id": 590, "summary": [{"text": "pholadomya is a genus of fossil saltwater clams , marine bivalve mollusks in the family pholadomyidae .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "fossils species within this genus lived during the mesozoic era , in the opening south atlantic , between present-day brazil and africa .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "in the triassic of argentina , austria , hungary , and italy fossils have been found .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "they are found in the jurassic of the coquina group , la guajira , colombia among many other places .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "of campanian age , this genus is widespread as a fossil in cameroon , france , poland , austria , germany and the usa .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "fossils up to the neogene have been found in belgium , the united kingdom , and venezuela ( pliocene mare and playa grande formations ) and miocene bulgaria , chile , colombia , cyprus , germany , india , japan , malta , moldova , new zealand , panama , poland , the russian federation , slovakia , trinidad and tobago , and venezuela . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "pholadomya", "paragraphs": ["worms - world register of marine species - pholadomya g . b . sowerby i , 1823\nworms - world register of marine species - pholadomya candida g . b . sowerby i , 1823\nvariety pholadomya loveni var . locardi mars , 1958 accepted as parilimya loveni ( jeffreys , 1882 ) ( synonym )\nspecies pholadomya arata verrill & s . smith , 1881 accepted as panacca arata ( verrill & s . smith [ in verrill ] , 1881 )\nspecies pholadomya arata verrill & s . smith , 1881 , sensu locard , 1898 accepted as panacca locardi ( dall , 1903 ) ( misidentification )\nmorton b . 1980 . the anatomy of the \u2018living fossil\u2019 pholadomya candida sowerby , 1823 ( mollusca : bivalvia : anomalodesmata ) . videnskabelige meddelelser fra dansk naturhistorik forening i kj\u00f8benhavn 142 : 7\u2013102 . [ details ]\njuan manuel d\u00edaz , francisco j . borrero ; on the occurrence of pholadomya candida sowerby , 1823 ( bivalvia : anomalodesmata ) on the caribbean coast of colombia , journal of molluscan studies , volume 61 , issue 3 , 1 august 1995 , pages 407\u2013408 , urltoken\nty - jour ti - indomya , a new subgenus of pholadomya from the middle jurassic of kachchh , western india ( bivalvia , pholadomyidae ) t2 - the veliger . vl - 28 ur - urltoken pb - california malacozoological society . cy - berkeley , ca : py - 1986 sp - 457 ep - 459 sn - 0042 - 3211 au - jaitly , ak er -\n@ article { bhlpart94157 , title = { indomya , a new subgenus of pholadomya from the middle jurassic of kachchh , western india ( bivalvia , pholadomyidae ) } , journal = { the veliger . } , volume = { 28 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { berkeley , ca : california malacozoological society . 1958 - } , author = { jaitly , ak } , year = { 1986 } , pages = { 457 - - 459 } , }\n< mods xmlns : xlink =\nurltoken\nversion =\n3 . 0\nxmlns : xsi =\nurltoken\nxmlns =\nurltoken\nxsi : schemalocation =\nurltoken urltoken\n> < titleinfo > < title > indomya , a new subgenus of pholadomya from the middle jurassic of kachchh , western india ( bivalvia , pholadomyidae ) < / title > < / titleinfo > < name > < namepart > jaitly , ak < / namepart > < / name > < typeofresource > text < / typeofresource > < genre authority =\nmarcgt\n> < / genre > < note type =\ncontent\n> 28 < / note > < relateditem type =\nhost\n> < titleinfo > < title > the veliger . < / title > < / titleinfo > < origininfo > < place > < placeterm type =\ntext\n> berkeley , ca : < / placeterm > < / place > < publisher > california malacozoological society . < / publisher > < / origininfo > < part > < detail type =\nvolume\n> < number > 28 < / number > < / detail > < extent unit =\npages\n> < start > 457 < / start > < end > 459 < / end > < / extent > < date > 1986 < / date > < / part > < / relateditem > < identifier type =\nuri\n> urltoken < / identifier > < accesscondition type =\nuseandreproduction\n> in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . < / accesscondition > < / mods >\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nsee also eames 1951 , frassinetti and covacevich 1999 , ronchetti 1970 , russell and landes 1937 , scholz et al . 2008 , sepkoski 2002 , vokes 1980 and woodring 1982\nsowerby i , g . b . ( 1821\u201334 ) . the genera of recent and fossil shells , for the use of students , in conchology and geology . g . b . sowerby , london . vol . 1 pl . 1 - 126 + text ( unpaginated ) [ 1821 - 1825 ] ; vol . 2 : pl . 127 - 162 + text ( unpaginated ) [ 1825 - 1834 ] ( [ published in 42 numbers . for complete collation see sykes , 1906 and see petit r . e . 2006 . notes on sowerby ' s the genera of recent and fossil shells ( 1821\u20131834 ) archives of natural history 33 : 71 - 89 ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\ncoan e . v . 2000 . a new species of panacca from chile ( bivalvia : pholadomyoidea : parilimyidae ) . malacologia 42 ( 1 - 2 ) : 165 - 170 , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nliu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of flabellomya rollier , 1911 ) huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world\u2019s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nsowerby i , g . b . ( 1821\u201334 ) . the genera of recent and fossil shells , for the use of students , in conchology and geology . g . b . sowerby , london . vol . 1 pl . 1 - 126 + text ( unpaginated ) [ 1821 - 1825 ] ; vol . 2 : pl . 127 - 162 + text ( unpaginated ) [ 1825 - 1834 ] ( [ published in 42 numbers . for complete collation see sykes , 1906 and see petit r . e . 2006 . notes on sowerby ' s the genera of recent and fossil shells ( 1821\u20131834 ) archives of natural history 33 : 71 - 89 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : pl . 19 , 2 p . unpaginated text [ details ]\nhuber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world\u2019s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nrosenberg , g . 1992 . encyclopedia of seashells . dorset : new york . 224 pp . page ( s ) : 167 [ details ]\njeffreys j . g . 1882 . on the mollusca procured during the ' lightning ' and ' porcupine ' expeditions 1868 - 70 . ( part iv ) . proceedings of the zoological society of london , ( 1881 ) : 922 - 952 , pl . 70 - 71 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 934 ; pl . 70 fig . 7 [ details ]\ngofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\ncheck list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nintergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nscientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nmoderately large for family ( to 80 mm long ) , highly inflated , with very thin , fragile , highly nacreous shell , and umbo close to anterior end . sculpture of many rather indistinct commarginal ridges and , on central region , about 17 to 20 low , widely spaced radial costae , forming weak nodules at sculptural intersections ; anterior eighth and posterior fifth of length lack obvious radial sculpture . escutcheon weakly defined , a narrow , smooth , weakly concave area on each side of dorsal margin . anterior end short , inflated , bearing very weakly defined , pouting lunule , occupying third of shell height , bounded by very shallow , wide depression . interior not seen in any new zealand material of the genus ; modern species lack hinge teeth . almost all specimens distorted in a variety of ways .\nillustrated by suter ( 1915 , p . 62 , pl . 7 , fig . 1 ) , is said to be from\noamaru\n; the sole specimen we are aware of subsequently collected in oamaru district is from mount harris formation in south oamaru ( altonian ) and this could well be the horizon of hutton ' s type .\ncommonly encountered of at least five species of pholadomyoidean bivalves recorded from the new zealand cenozoic . until recently these were all included in the pholadomyidae and assigned to either\n( pl . 9h , i ) , but some modification to this classification is necessary in the light of work by morton ( 1982 ) . he proposed a new family parilimyidae for anomalodesmatans that resemble pholadomyids in most shell characters , but differ significantly in anatomical details . in particular , parilimyids have\ntaenioid\n( i . e . , tape - like ) siphonal retractor muscles , which leave prominent scars on the inside of the shell ( a single scar near the centre of each valve ) , whereas pholadomyids have only greatly reduced siphonal muscles . on the other hand , parilimyids lack pedal retractor muscles , whereas these are well developed in pholadomyidae . unfortunately , fossil pholadomyaceans are rarely well enough preserved to discern muscle scar details , so assignment to one or other of these families normally depends on their similarity to extant species .\ndell , 1963 , which morton ( 1982 , p . 167 ) assigned to\nmelvill & standen , 1889 ( recent , torres strait ) , the type species of the genus , beu & maxwell ( 1990 ) provisionally assigned them there .\ndall , 1903 , which morton ( 1982 , p . 161 - 163 ) included in the parilimyidae .\na ( length up to about 55 mm ) , is lower and less inflated , has a less convex ventral margin , has umbones situated at about a third of the length from the anterior end , and has less prominent radial sculpture . there are few obvious differences , however , between\nare known from waipipi , waverley beach ( waipipian ; type only ) , and from gs1548 , mangaone crossing , wairoa district , hawkes bay ( opoitian ) .\nan unnamed pholadomyacean , probably a parilimyid , is represented by a specimen in nzgs from whitewater creek , castle hill basin , canterbury ( duntroonian ) with a nearly central umbo , a relatively thick shell , and prominent radial costae with no obvious commarginal sculpture ; this may be the second species illustrated by suter ( 1915 , pl . 6 , fig . 2 ) as\nas , although suter ' s specimen is unlocalised , the preservation appears to match that of the whitewater creek shell . it is not a typical\ndall , 1907 ( recent , japan ) , referred by morton ( 1982 , p . 172 ) to\nalthough , like the other species he assigned there , it has little similarity to the type species . another possibly distinct species is represented by an internal mould of a small ( length 40 mm ) , evenly oval specimen from\ngs945 , breccia below kakanui limestone , kakanui\ncollected and listed by park ( 1918 , p . 68 ) ; the specimen is almost certainly from the top of the deborah volcanic formation ( whaingaroan ) .\n( pl . 9h , i ) is readily distinguished from all other new zealand pholadomyaceans by its extremely short anterior end and almost flat anterior area .\nalthough pholadomyaceans are often considered to be characteristic of deep waters they are also recorded from much shallower environments .\n( tongaporutuan , kaiwara river , north canterbury ) is from a very shallow - water assemblage .\nis limited to shallow - water\nhurupi facies\nfaunules in palliser bay ( tongaporutuan ) . powell ( 1931a , p . 90 ) and fleming ( 1953 ) concluded that the fossiliferous beds at waipipi \u0097 the type locality of\n( duntroonian ? ) otaian ( ? ) to tongaporutuan ; rare in bathyal siltstone and some shelf assemblages throughout new zealand .\ncite this publication as :\na . g . beu and j . i . raine ( 2009 ) . revised descriptions of new zealand cenozoic mollusca from beu and maxwell ( 1990 ) . gns science miscellaneous series no . 27 .\n\u00a9 gns science , 2009 isbn 978 - 0 - 478 - 19705 - 1 issn 1177 - 2441 ( included with a pdf facsimile file copy of new zealand geological survey paleontological bulletin 58 in cd version from : publications officer , gns science , p . o . box 30368 lower hutt , new zealand )\nwe use cookies to enhance your experience on our website . by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our use of cookies . you can change your cookie settings at any time .\nyou could not be signed in . please check your email address / username and password and try again .\nmost users should sign in with their email address . if you originally registered with a username please use that to sign in .\nto purchase short term access , please sign in to your oxford academic account above .\noxford university press is a department of the university of oxford . it furthers the university ' s objective of excellence in research , scholarship , and education by publishing worldwide\nfor full access to this pdf , sign in to an existing account , or purchase an annual subscription .\nto museum of new zealand te papa ( m . 016253 ; pholodomya maoria dell , 1963 ; holotype )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 592, "summary": [{"text": "calathus metallicus is a species of ground beetle from the platyninae subfamily that can be found in albania , bulgaria , greece , poland , romania , slovakia , ukraine , all states of former yugoslavia ( except slovenia ) , and near east . ", "topic": 27}], "title": "calathus metallicus", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about calathus metallicus ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for calathus metallicus ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nno one has contributed data records for calathus ambiguus yet . learn how to contribute .\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\nrothalsiger kahnl\u00e4ufer\nto\ncalathus melanocephalus linnaeus\n.\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\nhellschildiger breithalsk\u00e4fer\nto\ncalathus melanocephalus linnaeus\n.\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nthe id resolving service for stable taxon ids is currently under maintenance . meanwhile , please use the name search in order to find the taxon page .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nmaintaining and updating the site requires a lot of time and effort . therefore , we are forced to introduce a partially paid access . we expect that the costs will not be too burdensome for you , and your money will help us in the development of interactive keys , and more dynamic updates of the site .\nyour subscription will be activated when payment clears . view the status of your subscription in your account .\nthis project help increase the availability of scientific knowledge worldwide . contributions at any level help sustain our work . thank you for your support .\n\u00a9 carabidae of the world , 2007 - 2018 \u00a9 a team of authors , in in : anichtchenko a . et al . , ( editors ) 2007 - 2018\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\npaleartic . open habitats , xerophilous . pteridimorphic , with winter larvae . small size . predator .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nyour file was uploaded and will be processed shortly . you will get an e - mail after importing the file in our database . u can close this window now ."]}
{"id": 600, "summary": [{"text": "harpalus anxius is a species of phytophagous and xerophilous ground beetle that is native to palearctic ( including europe ) and the near east .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "in europe , it is only absent in the following countries or islands : andorra , the azores , the canary islands , the channel islands , crete , cyclades , cyprus , dodecanese , the faroe islands , franz josef land , gibraltar , iceland , madeira , malta , monaco , the north aegean islands , norway , novaya zemlya , portugal , san marino , the savage islands , sicily , svalbard and jan mayen , and vatican city .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "its presence on the balearic islands and sardinia is doubtful . ", "topic": 10}], "title": "harpalus anxius", "paragraphs": ["no one has contributed data records for harpalus rubripes yet . learn how to contribute .\nno one has contributed data records for harpalus atratus yet . learn how to contribute .\nharpalus ( harpalus ) anxius ( duftschmid , 1812 ) family : carabidae size : 8 . 1 mm ( 6 . 1 to 8 . 6 mm ) distribution : europe to west siberia , west china ecology : inhabitants of steppes , loves warm and dry areas location : france , ardeche , les vans leg . w . veldkamp , 10 . vii . 1979 ; det . u . schmidt , 1986 photo : u . schmidt , 2017\nirish status : like the majority of harpalus , this species is of restricted distribution due to the scarcity of free - draining soils , particularly in the west . its range appears to be entirely coastal except for a few inland sites on sandy or morainic soils .\nseasonal dynamics of activity , as well as the age structure of the populations of harpalus rufipes from reedbeds along the river khara ( a ) and pseudotaphoxenus rufitarsis major from the lakeside salt - marsh ( b ) , in 2006 ( see figure 2 for further explanations ) .\nseasonal variation in abundance curves and reproduction aspects in four resident carabid species coupled with abundance of a migrant - species harpalus rufipes from reedbeds , combined data for 2006 / 07 ( r and l right and left y axis , respectively ; n ( ex . ) \u2013 number of specimens ) .\nas such , the contribution of migrants to the trophic structure of carabid communities is not apparent and requires further research . that a particular carabid species inhabits and breeds in , and even dominates a certain habitat , is only a hypothesis that needs corroboration each time . species with high abundance levels and high frequency of occurrence in a particular habitat can belong to both labile and stable components . thus , in the lake elton region , calosoma auropunctatum , dolichus halensis , amara aenea , harpalus calceatus , harpalus rufipes , harpalus distinguendus and anisodactylus signatus belong to the labile component in all the habitats where they occur ; cephalota elegans comprises the main element of the stable component in several azonal habitats ; while calathus ambiguus , cymindis lateralis and pseudotaphoxenus rufitarsis maior play the main role in the composition of the stable component in the majority of zonal habitats ( appendix ) . overall , 65\u201375 % of the species diversity of both individual habitats and the landscape as a whole comprised of non - residential species . it is important to note that almost half of the migrants ( 41 of 94 species ) failed to breed in any of the studied habitats . thus , the distances of their movements are substantially greater compared to the size of the site . so , the migrations of such species should be characterised at the landscape scale .\noverall , we collected 34 , 108 individuals belonging to 98 carabid species . we recorded 65 species in rice field banks , 73 species in buffer strips and 78 in restored habitats . eight species were found only in rice field banks ( agonum sexpunctatum , amara nitida , cicindela campestris , clivina collaris , harpalus albanicus , harpalus pumilus , ophonus cribricollis , pterostichus macer ) , 6 species only in herbaceous buffer strips ( amara littorea , bembidion quadripustulatum , bradycellus verbasci , dolichus halensis , ophonus azureus , panagaeus cruxmajor ) , 2 species only in arboreal buffer strips ( badister sodalis , drypta dentata ) , 2 species only in herbaceous restored habitats ( acupalpus elegans , ophonus diffinis ) and 11 species only in arboreal restored habitats ( acinopus picipes , acupalpus flavicollis , acupalpus notatus , agonum versutum , agonum viduum , limodromus assimilis , limodromus krynickii , nebria brevicollis , ophonus parallelus , paranchus albipes , synuchus vivalis ) . poecilus cupreus and pseudoophonus rufipes consituted about 55 % of the capture with 18 753 individuals .\nthe most interesting aspect of this carabid coenosis is the presence of several species with southern distribution , quite common in clay soil on the right bank of the po river , and known only in few stations north of the po river . among these species , we list acinopus picipes , amblystomus niger , dinodes decipiens , harpalus cupreus , harpalus oblitus , parophonus mendax , parophonus planicollis , pterostichus macer . although a comparison with the past coenosis is not possible for the lack of similar surveys in the area , it could be hypothesized that these species are recent colonizers ( 7 - 10 years ) . they are not reported in the historical catalogue of magistretti ( 1965 ) , and are also not listed in several recent faunistic investigations carried out in the lombardy lowland , particularly along the ticino river ( pasquetto 1992 , bogliani et al . 2003 ) , adda river ( conti 1991 ) , po river ( pilon et al . 1991 , rancati and sciaky 1994 ) and in milan ( pilon et al . 2010 ) , where potentially suitable habitats were sampled . even in an intensive survey along the po river included in piedmont region , only some of these species have been collected ( allegro and sciaky 2001 ) . if so , we could assume a tendency to a northward shift in the distribution of these species , according to what has been observed for other zoological groups well studied and that have great mobility , such as birds ( chen et al . 2011 ) and dragonflies ( ott 2010 ) .\nsoil disturbance is recognised as an important restoration measure for conserving biodiversity in sandy soils . we used a soil disturbance ( ploughing ) experiment in a sandy grassland as well as a semi - natural disturbance ( slope erosion enhanced by cattle trampling ) gradient on a sandy slope to test the soil disturbance effects on the ground - living beetle community . both experimental disturbance and semi - natural disturbance favoured sandy grassland specialists , but there was no overall effect on beetle richness and abundance . amara lucida and harpalus spp . were favoured by disturbance while calathus melanocephalus was disfavoured . experimental ploughing significantly increased the proportion of red - listed species in disturbed plots compared to non - disturbed controls . in the semi - natural disturbance gradient we found that the beetle community on the disturbed slope differed from that of the flat areas , and there were tendencies for a higher proportion of red - listed species on the slope . we conclude that increasing the area of bare sand in sandy grasslands can have positive effects on many threatened species . soil disturbance should thus be included as a regular measure in sandy grasslands under conservation management and as a measure to restore high biodiversity in areas where bare sand is rare .\nalthough the sampling effort was quite different between 1983\u20131984 and 2002 , we assume that around 11 records of the 16 new species during the second sampling period can also be due to the invasion by elymus . in fact , several continental species were discovered after the invasion in relatively high numbers ( i . e . , more than five individuals ) , both on the dyke and in the salt marsh . among them , most species are linked to high contents of organic matter and a more pronounced litter layer ( e . g . , agonum muelleri , bembidion obtusum and the polyphagous pterostichus versicolor ) or are even partly phytophagous ( amara spp . and harpalus spp . : dajoz 1988 , ikeda et al . in press ) . conversely , halophilic species discovered in 2002 are hardly related to the invasion . pogonus littoralis and dicheirotrichus obsoletus could have been misidentified earlier , as these species are very similar to pogonus chalceus and dicheirotrichus gustavii , respectively ( forel and leplat 2005 , dhuyvetter et al . 2007 ) . dicheirotrichus obsoletus could also have been missed in 1983\u20131984 ( the sampling stopped in september ) as more than 89 % of individuals were caught in october - november during 2002 . tachys scutellaris appears as a new species in 2002 , but was present in 1983\u20131984 , but at another station located below the mean sea level ( slikke habitat : fouillet 1986 ) . the \u2018appearance\u2019 of several species , sampled in low numbers in 2002 , can be due to differences in sampling effort and / or to random catches .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nthe id resolving service for stable taxon ids is currently under maintenance . meanwhile , please use the name search in order to find the taxon page .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndescription : an 8 . 5 - 12mm long black beetle with colourful and varied metallic reflections . the male is usually metallic bronze , green or blue , the female usually unmetallic black . phytophagous . common in dry grassland and coastal dunes .\nworld distribution : a eurasian wide - temperate ( 65 ) species and found across europe except the extreme north , south to asia minor and iran , and east to the river lena in siberia . introduced in n . america .\necology : fairly eurytopic in areas which suit it , on arable land , in quarries , on dry grassland and on sand dunes at or near the coast .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .\nin continuing your browsing of this site , you accept the use of cookies to offer you suitable content and services and realize visits statistics . learn more about cookies .\nto get the picture , please visit : bouyon herv\u00e9 herve . bouyon @ urltoken\nany reuse of one or more photographs on this site is subject to an authorization request from the author . link to the code of intellectual property ( legifrance )\nthank you for your contribution to the improvement of the inpn . the information submitted has been sent to an expert for verification and correction .\ncorresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years ( 20 years for little - known invertebrates ) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population . for migratory species , the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction .\nthe last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ vertebrates , invertebrates and plants well studied ( rhopalocera , grasshoppers , dragonflies . . . ) ] ;\nthe last reliable observation being older than 20 years , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ poorly known taxa : fungus , many invertebrates . . . ] .\nthis point covers the absence , more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence . this status is based on one or more of the following criteria :\nthis status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual .\nparticular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago ( older disappearances are treated as\nno probable or definite\n) .\nin the state of knowledge , we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department . this is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt .\nwarning : the data available reflects the progression status of knowledge or the availability of the inventories . it should never be considered as comprehensive .\nnational inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .\ndescription : a medium - sized ( 6 . 8 - 8 . 2mm ) black phytophagous beetle of sandy heaths and dunes . eastern and southern .\nworld distribution : this species has a eurasian wide - temperate distribution ( 65 ) and is found across europe , except the north , to asia minor and siberia .\nirish status : restricted to the south and east coasts between meath and kerry .\necology : a strongly xerophilous species in ireland restricted to loose sand habitats in coastal fore dunes .\npaleartic . open habitats . macropterous , with summer larvae . small size . zoospermatophagous .\ncommon in the study area ( n = 331 ) . recorded in all habitat categories .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nchecklist of beetles of the british isles ( andrew duff ; http : / / www . coleopterist . org . uk ) , version 1 ( recommended )\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nasiatic - european . open habitats . macropterous , with summer larvae . medium size . zoospermatophagous .\ncommon in the study area ( n = 180 ) . recorded in all habitat categories .\neurope ( except the north ) and the balkans , where it prefers foothills to alpine regions ( arndt et al . 2011 ) .\nit is a mesoxerophilous and polyphagous species , which prefers to live in forested areas ( varvara and apostol 2008 ) . it feeds on a mixture of seeds from agricultural crops , weeds and shrub species ( lundgren 2009 ) . in this study , it was only found in the wheat field in the homogeneous area ( n = 1 ) .\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\ncorresponding author : andrey v . matalin ( ur . akhcot @ nilatam _ a ) .\nthis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .\npitfall trapping is one of the most commonly used techniques to quantify terrestrial arthropods ( barber 1931 ) . the simplicity of the method and the possibility of data standardization are the main advantages of their application in numerous entomological studies . pitfall trapping is easy , and as such arthropods can be captured in different places at the same time . this explains the extensive use of pitfall traps in ecological investigations of ground beetles ( scherney 1959 ; skuhrav\u00fd 1959 ; nov\u00e1k 1964 ; kabacik - wasylik 1970 ; tietze 1973 ; den boer 1977 ; brandmayr and zetto brandmayr 1986 ; \u00f8stbye and h\u00e4gvar 1996 ; gryuntal 2008 ; makarov and matalin 2009 ) .\nhowever , doubts concerning the reliability of the obtained results were already expressed during the first pitfall trap studies and have been discussed subsequently ( for example , see adis 1979 ) . numerous factors have been found to affect pitfall trap catches , such as , the size of a trap and its inlet ( luff 1975 ; waage 1985 ; work et al . 2002 ; koivula et al . 2003 ) , the colour of a trap ( buchholz et al . 2010 ) , the presence and type of preservative ( luff 1968 ; feoktistov 1980 ; gryuntal 1982 ; karpova and matalin 1992 ; weeks and mcintyre 1997 ) and the ways of setting traps across habitats ( greenslade 1964 ; perner and schueler 2004 ; korczycski and sienkiewicz 2006 ) . in addition , the mobility of beetles in relation to both their physiological condition and the environment vary widely in the course of a season and between seasons ( den boer 1977 ; van huizen 1977 , 1979 ; baars 1979 ; matalin 1994 , 1997 , 2003 ; desender 2000 ) .\ntowards the second half of the 20th century it became clear that pitfall trapping reflected not as much the abundance as the locomotor activity of beetles . numerous steps have been taken to increase the reliability of the results of catches : changes in trap construction ( reeves 1980 ; boucher 1981 ; kuschka et al . 1987 ; loreau 1987 ; dufr\u00eane 1988 ; makarov and tshernyakhovskaya 1990 ; karpova and matalin 1992 ; kuschka 1998 ) and in the type of preservative used ( louda 1970 ; feoktistov 1980 ; gryuntal 1982 ; pekar 2002 ) , exhaustive catches from enclosed areas ( kudrin 1971 ; gryuntal 1981 ; desender and maelfait 1986 ) , the calculation of correction coefficients from the re - trapping of marked specimens ( holland and smith 1991 ; raworth and choi 2001 ) , and the comparisons of dynamic ( pitfall trapping ) and static ( standard soil fauna quadrate sampling ) population densities ( kudrin 1966 ; arnoldi et al . 1972 ; desender and segers 1985 ; spence and niemel\u00e4 1994 ) . in spite of these important advances , standard pitfall trapping has \u2018de facto\u2019 become a standard technique used in synecological investigations of carabidae .\nat the same time , when pitfall - trapped data are interpreted , the beetles\u2019 migratory capacities are often ignored . this is because there is no universal technique for quantitatively estimating beetle locomotion ( den boer 1977 ; prisnyi 1987 ) . interpretation of life cycles to evaluate the demographic structure of local populations can provide a new approach to solving this problem . for example , a significantly deficient demographic structure recently observed in some carabid species in agricultural or disturbed habitats shows that in many places the populations are represented only by certain \u2018age groups\u2019 ( borkowski and szyszko 1984 ; wallin 1989 ; makarov and tshernyakhovskaya 1989 ; tshernyakhovskaya 1990 ; khotuleva 1997 ) . according to data obtained by bokhovko ( 2006 ) , five of the 11 dominant carabid species from arable soils in the kuban region , southern russia , demonstrated high abundance levels , coupled with incomplete demographic spectra . for example , in semi - centennial forest belts as well as in alfalfa fields , about 80 % of the dominants completed their development . on the other hand , in corn fields and in a forest belt with robinia , about 75 % of the carabid beetles did not complete their full life cycle .\nthe last case clearly illustrates the probable scales of migration in carabidae , showing that populations are often incapable of reproducing in such environments . however , it still remains unclear whether this situation is general or not . we can assume that the proportion of species with incomplete demographic spectra represented in pitfall traps is higher in disturbed habitats , while in undisturbed or moderately disturbed habitats , the sex and age structures of the populations are more or less balanced .\nin the present study , we highlight a key methodological problem that the actual community structure ( e . g . , the roles of individual species ) cannot be understood based on pitfall counts alone . we also demonstrate how demographic analysis can be used to address this problem .\nground beetle communities in the lake elton region , volgograd area , south - eastern russia ( 49o12 . 47\u2019n , 46o39 . 75\u2019e ) were studied in 2006\u20132007 . lake elton is situated within the botkul - bulukhta drainless desert depression , which belongs to the caspian lowland . a strongly pronounced salt - dome structure is characteristic of this region , and desert steppes are typical plant associations in most of the habitats present ( nekrutkina 2006 ; safronova 2006 ) . dense reedbeds occur in the river valleys , in gullies at lakesides there are trees and shrubs , while lakesides near the mouth of most large rivers are characterised by salt - marshes . near the village of elton , all desert steppes are fragmented or transformed into pastures .\npitfall trapping was conducted in 10 habitats : six zonal characteristic of this particular biogeographical area , and four azonal present in a variety of biogeographical areas ( walter 1973 ; chernov 1975 ) . three selected habitats were located near the village of elton , while seven were placed on the north - western shore of lake elton , on the right bank of the river khara ( for more details see makarov and matalin 2009 ) . zonal habitats were represented by sagebrush and sagebrush - grassland steppe with varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbances ( strong near elton village , moderate on the northern slope of mt . ulagan , and weak in the watershed of river khara ) . azonal habitats were chosen along salinity and solar irradiation gradients ( strong in the lakeside salt - marsh , moderate in the salina on the floodplain terrace of river khara , and weak in reedbeds along river khara ) .\nplastic cups of 0 . 5 l capacity and 95 mm upper diameter containing 4 % formaldehyde solution as a preservative were used . in each habitat , 10 traps were arranged along transects at 10 m intervals . the traps were checked every ten days from 10 may to 31 october in 2006 and from 1 april to 10 may in 2007 .\nall captured carabids were dissected . based on gonad condition ( gilbert 1956 , skuhrav\u00fd 1959 , van heerdt et al . 1976 , wallin 1989 ) , as well as on the degree of wear - and - tear of the mandibles , claws and cuticle ( houston 1981 , brandmayr and zetto brandmayr 1986 , butterfield 1986 , davies 1987 ) , six physiological states in the adults of both sexes were distinguished .\nrecently emerged beetles with soft and pale cuticle ; mandibles and claws sharp . ovaries thin , white or translucent without any trace of developing oocytes ; corpora lutea absent ; lateral oviducts very thin . testes thin and dull or relatively large and white ; accessory glands always thin and poorly visible .\ncuticle fully hardened and coloured ; mandibles and claws pointed . ovaries compact , opaque and white , with or without distinctly visible oocytes , but always without ripe eggs ; corpora lutea absent ; lateral oviducts long and thin . testes opaque and white ; accessory glands no longer than half of the abdominal length , occupying less than a third of the abdominal space .\ncuticle slightly worn ; mandibles and claws hardly or distinctly dulled . ovaries with ripe eggs ; corpora lutea absent or yellowish , hardly visible ; lateral oviducts wide . testes large and white or cream - coloured ; accessory glands long and white or light - yellow , filling more than three - quarters of the abdominal space .\ncuticle clearly worn ; mandibles and claws dull . ovaries with ripe eggs ; corpora lutea distinctly light or dark brown ; lateral oviducts wide . testes large and cream - coloured ; accessory glands long and cream - coloured or light - brown , filling more than three - quarters of the abdominal space .\ncuticle clearly worn ; mandibles and claws as a rule distinctly dull . ovaries compactly opaque and cream - coloured , without ripe eggs ; corpora lutea clearly visible and dark brown , often deposited above last developing oocytes ; lateral oviducts wide . testes medium - sized or relatively small ( regressed ) , opaque and cream - coloured or yellow ; accessory glands thin opaque and yellow or light - brown , occupying less than a third of the abdominal space .\ncuticle very worn ; mandibles and claws blunt . ovaries compactly opaque and cream - coloured or light - brown , without ripe eggs ; corpora lutea clearly visible and dark brown , as a rule deposited under the developing oocytes ; lateral oviducts wide . testes medium - sized or relatively small ( regressed ) , opaque and yellow or brown ; accessory glands thin opaque and yellow , yellow - orange or brown , occupying less than a third of the abdominal space .\nthe separation between parental and ancestral generations was somewhat subjective and should be interpreted with caution . however , in most cases this separation was not required for the reasonable interpretation of demographic structures of the studied populations .\ndetection of the chronology of the maximum activity of the above - mentioned groups of specimens in the key stages of their life cycles as a result of feeding , reproduction or preparation for hibernation , forms the basis of our analysis . in such an approach , the quantitative recording of eggs , larvae , and pupae is not required . moreover , we can evaluate the demographic spectra of a local population from small numbers ( several dozen ) of individuals .\n) . during this sequence , the abundance of species can be high or low . for example , in the reedbeds along the river khara in early spring , peaks of abundance in the populations of\n) . in spite of this , both species are characterised by a complete demographic spectrum .\nchronology of changes in periods of activity of individual \u2018age\u2019 groups , characterised by female gonad condition , in \u2018spring\u2019 ( a ) and \u2018autumn\u2019 ( b ) breeding carabid beetles ( t \u2013 teneral , im \u2013 immature , m \u2013 mature , sp \u2013 spent beetles ) .\nseasonal dynamics of activity , as well as the age structure of the populations of pogonus transfuga ( a ) and brachinus hamatus ( b ) from reedbeds along the river khara , combined data for 2006 / 07 ( t \u2013 teneral , im \u2013 immature , m \u2013 mature , sp \u2013 spent beetles ; solid lines below graphs parental generation , dashed lines below graphs \u2013 new generation ; n ( ex . ) \u2013 number of specimens ; 1 , 2 , 3 \u2013 first , second and third ten - day periods per month , respectively ) .\n) , the same order of physiological conditions of the adults is observed , but without an aestivation parapause . as in the previous case , the abundance of species can vary widely . for example , in the grass - forb steppe , the abundance of\n) , yet the sex and age structure in the populations of both species was complete .\nseasonal dynamics of activity , as well as the age structure of the populations of calathus ambiguus from grass - forb steppe with amygdalus nana ( a ) and pseudotaphoxenus rufitarsis major from sagebrush - grassland desert steppe on the northern slope of ulagan mountain ( b ) , in 2006 ( breaks in the periods of activity of immature specimens correspond to the time of aestivation parapause ; see figure 2 for further explanations ) .\nimportantly , in all these cases there are clear changes in successive waves of activity of different adult \u2018age\u2019 groups . it should be noted that in populations of many carabid species , the individuals of ancestral generations ( which live and breed during two or more years ) are often represented . in these cases the pattern of change in the physiological conditions can be blurred because separate successive waves of activity overlap each other .\nthus , it is not abundance , but rather a regular change in the physiological condition that allows for a reconstruction of the life cycle at the local population scale , and this must be regarded as the criterion for the successful existence and breeding of a population in a particular habitat . species that meet these demands are considered \u2018residents\u2019 and their habitats \u2018residential\u2019 .\nan incomplete demographic spectrum of a population means that the probability of a complete life cycle in a particular habitat is low to zero . such a situation is often followed by extremely high abundance levels . in reedbeds from the end of june until the end of july ,\nwas by far the most numerous carabid beetle collected , with abundance levels of 1753 , 7047 , 3770 and 2830 for successive ten - day periods . without information on the physiological conditions of individuals , this species may be considered dominant in this habitat . however , mature females were completely absent from the demographic spectra in this local population of\n) . in these cases a reproductive phase in the demographic spectra of the local populations was absent .\nyet the presence of mature specimens is not necessarily evidence of successful breeding . for example , in lakeside salt - marshes , the demographic spectrum of\nwas mainly represented by mature specimens . the abundance of spent beetles was very low , while teneral and immature beetles were completely absent (\n) . the lack of young specimens in the demographic spectrum of this species provides evidence of immigration of mature beetles . species with incomplete demographic spectra are here considered \u2018migrants\u2019 and their habitats as \u2018transit\u2019 .\nthe spatial distribution of carabid species is determined by the availability both of habitats and landscape suitable for the complete realization of their life cycle . so the same habitat can be residential for one species and transit for another . among the examples discussed above , reedbed is a residential habitat for\n) . at the same time , various habitats offer different living conditions to the same species . the sagebrush - grassland desert steppe on the northern slope of the ulagan mountain is a residential habitat for\nin summary , the demographic structures of 66 carabid species found in the lake elton region were analyzed . the other 109 carabid species were represented by only one or two individuals ( appendix ) . considering the differences in abundance and demographic structure of the populations , three groups of carabidae of the studied habitats can be distinguished :\nresidents with their life cycles completed in a given habitat . in such species , migration forms only a facultative part of the life cycle . the catches of different species vary widely and sometimes differ by two orders of magnitude .\nmigrants that are characterised by relatively high numbers , yet rarely dominant , but with an incomplete demographic structure in particular habitats . because their reproduction and development are observed in different habitats , their roles in specific assemblages would be minor . migration forms both facultative and obligatory parts of their life cycles .\nsporadic species with very low numbers , probably not associated with a particular habitat , neither during migration nor reproduction .\nwithout question , residents interact both with their prey and with each other in a particular habitat . sporadic species are hardly important to a carabid community because of their low abundance levels . the role of migrants in the local carabid community remains unknown , with possible interactions between the migrants and residents . first , even very high numbers of migrants in relatively small - sized habitats do not reflect the condition of the populations of other carabid species . for example , in reedbeds of an area of 1 km2 , more than 13 000 specimens of\nwere trapped . this equates to a population density of about six individuals per square meter . this is a very high value . for example , the pest threshold of\n, is two - three individuals per square meter . hence , if the captured specimens of\nfed in this habitat and interacted with other species , we would expect changes in the demographic parameters of residents during this period . however , this is not the case , because the dynamics of the demographic structure in the populations of resident carabid beetles failed to change during this period (\n) . second , relatively high numbers and species diversity levels of migrants were recorded at some seemingly unsuitable sites . these sites included the lakeside salt - marsh with high salt concentrations , poor vegetation and soil , as well as occasional floods . under these conditions , only some specialist\nhabitat preferences of individual species and the composition of carabid assemblages with the labile component dominant and subdominant species ( combined data for 2006 / 07 ) .\nhabitat preferences of individual species and the composition of carabid assemblages without the labile component resident species only ( combined data for 2006 / 07 ) .\n\u201cstable\u201d and \u201clabile\u201d components can be recognized in ground - beetles communities ( makarov and matalin 2009 ) . the former includes species whose life cycles are realized in certain habitats ( residents ) , while the latter comprises species that are not capable of breeding in particular habitats ( migrants and sporadic species ) .\nthe ratio of stable to labile components in the studied habitats varied strongly and was not always in favour of residents . resident species comprised only 6\u201335 % of the species list and 15\u201390 % of total abundance . in zonal habitats , residents formed the dominant part of the assemblage . more than 65 % of total abundance and 15\u201335 % of total species diversity consisted of resident species . in azonal habitats the labile component prevailed . these species accounted for about 75 % of the fauna and about 80 % of total abundance (\n) . only in zonal habitats did results from pitfall trapping adequately reflect the state of the carabid community while azonal and apparently disturbed habitats are only transit sites for many species of ground beetles .\nspecies diversity and the share of labile / stable components in particular habitats in the lake elton region , combined data for 2006 / 07 ( black bars \u2013 labile component , white bars \u2013 stable component , line \u2013 number of species ; n ( sp . ) \u2013 number of species ) .\naccording to our data , the capture in a pitfall trap indicates only the fact that the beetle has moved across the trap area , but do not reflect true abundances . in some cases , errors occurring from direct interpretations of pitfall trapping data can be severe , and statistical techniques can not compensate for this . this is evident from cases in which high numbers of some carabid species are collected from seemingly unsuitable locations , for example from city dumps ( budilov 2002 ; romankina et al . 2007 ) , urban quarters ( khotuleva 1997 ; sharova and kiselev 1999 ) , places with strong oil or chemical pollution ( avtaeva 2006 ) and along roads ( noordijk et al . 2008 ; solodovnikov 2008 ) . the varying contribution of the labile component substantially distorts our knowledge of species diversity in carabid communities . taking into account the contribution of the labile component can change conclusions based on pitfall trapping data considerably .\nfirstly , criteria for determining the most abundant , or dominant species inevitably vary . the abundance of migrants in some cases is one order of magnitude higher than that of residents . therefore , estimating the faunistic or community features based solely on abundant or dominant species , fail to solve the problem and can even worsen the situation . in reedbeds , for example , 36 migrant species made up about 83 % of the total abundance . the complex of dominants in this community , as identified by the usual criterion ( abundance exceeding 5 % ) while discarding the demography of individual species , contains only two polyzonal migrants\nnumbers of the 10 most abundantly collected carabid species in reedbeds with regards to migrants ( a ) and residents only ( b ) . dominant species are in bold text , combined data for 2006 / 07 ; n ( ex . ) \u2013 number of specimens ( after makarov and matalin 2009 ) .\nsecondly , common information regarding the habitat preferences of particular species , as well as indicator species , is considerably altered . in our case , all studied habitats belong to two contrasting groups : dry desert steppes and riparian , more or less halophilic habitats . as such , variation in carabid populations is expected . when analyzing the habitat distribution of all dominants - subdominants , we find more or less eurytopic species inhabiting both zonal dry steppes on floodplain terraces and azonal alluvial salt - marshes . the grouping of dry steppes is very poor and contains one or two species which occur in one to three habitats , as a rule . in contrast , the inhabitants of salt - marshes are very diverse and peculiar . interestingly , the woodland in the \u2018biological\u2019 ravine supports not only a native carabid beetle community , but also a peculiar species ,\n) . results from an analysis of the habitat distribution based solely on residents are distinctly different . only one species ,\n, can be labelled eurytopic because it reproduces in nine of the ten studied habitats . the communities of carabid beetles on floodplain terraces and in flood - plains are clearly isolated from each other . each of them includes the main body of oligotopic species and a few stenotopic ones . finally , the riverine woodland does not have a native carabid community and can be considered a transit habitat for practically all carabid species (\nbecause we have only very few examples that illustrate more or less close relations between ground beetles and their habitats , we are unable to assess the commonality of the situation described in the present study . however , it is conceivable that migrants in a carabid beetle community contribute to diversity estimates . based on results from this study , some preliminary conclusions can be made .\na study of the demographic structure of local populations and an assessment of the migratory / residential status of particular carabid species are possible ways to increase the reliability of pitfall trapping information .\nup to 65\u201375 % of species diversity , both of particular habitats and the landscape as a whole , can comprise of non - residential carabid species , i . e . migrants .\nresults from pitfall traps adequately reflect the state of carabid communities only in zonal habitats . azonal and apparently disturbed habitats are only transit sites for many species of ground beetles .\nknowledge concerning the composition of carabid communities , as well as study techniques , need to be significantly updated . no statistical method is capable of correcting the errors inferred from direct interpretations of pitfall trapping results .\nwe extend our thanks to all colleagues who assisted in our work , especially to the directors of the elton natural park , mrs yulia nekrutkina ( volgograd , russia ) and viktor gerdt ( elton , russia ) , as well as to dr . artem zaitsev ( moscow state pedagogical university , moscow , russia ) . we also want to thank professor sergei golovach ( institute for problems of ecology and evolution , moscow , russia ) for a critical review of the text , to dr . gabor l\u00f6vei ( university of aarhus , denmark ) for fruitful discussions on the subject of the present paper , as well as to mr . stephen venn ( university of helsinki , finland ) and professor andrei alyokhin ( university of maine , orono , usa ) , who kindly checked the english . this study was financially supported by the russian foundation for basic research ( projects nos 09 - 04 - 01311 and 09 - 04 - 08112 ) .\nclassification of the carabid species from the elton lake region in migrant ( m ) , resident ( r ) and sporadic ( s ) species , based on their abundance and demographic spectrum in each habitat type ( combined data for 2006 / 07 ) .\nzuphium ( s . str . ) olens olens ( p . rossi , 1790 )\narnoldi kv , sharova ikh , klyukanova gn , butrina nn . ( 1972 )\nground - beetles ( carabidae , coleoptera ) of the streletskaya steppe near kursk and their seasonal activity dynamics .\n, moscow state pedagogicla institute publisher , moscow , 215\u2013230 [ in russian ] .\nthe influence of different types of soil pollution on the population structure of ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) in grozny ( chechen republic ) .\nphd thesis , moscow , russia : moscow state pedagogical university ; [ in russian ] .\nlife - cycles of ground - beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) in an agro - landscape in the south of the kuban - cisazov lowland .\nphd thesis , moscow , russia : moscow state university ; [ in russian ] .\nnumber of eggs in the ovaries of some carabidae ( coleoptera ) species in various pine stands on fresh coniferous forest habitats .\nphenology of ground beetles and its ecological significance in some of the main habitat types of southern europe .\nin : den boer pj , mossakowski d , luff ml , weber f . ( eds )\nthe population of ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) on areas with human impact ( on the example of ureiskiy crushed stone quarry ) .\nbuchholz s , jess a - m , hertenstein f , schirmel j . ( 2010 )\neffect of the colour of pitfall traps on their capture efficiency of carabid beetles ( coleoptera : carabidae ) , spiders ( aranea ) and other arthropods .\nchanges in life - cycle strategies of carabus problematicus over a range of altitudes in northern england .\nlong adult life , low reproduction and competition in two sub - antarctic carabid beetles .\ndispersal power and survival . carabids in a cultivated countryside ( with a mathematical appendix by j . reddingius ) .\nmiscellaneous papers 14 , h veenman & zonen bv press , wageningen , 190 pp .\nflight muscles development and dispersal in the life cycle of carabid beetles : patterns and processes .\npitfall trapping within enclosures : a method for estimating the relationship between the abundances of coexisting carabid species ( coleoptera : carabidae ) .\na simple device and technique for quantitative sampling of riparian beetle populations with some carabid and staphylinid abundance estimates in different riparian habitats ( coleotera ) .\nthe natural histories of four species of calathus ( coleoptera , carabidae ) living on sand dunes in anglesey , north wales .\nto the method of quantitative evaluation of ground - beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) .\ncommunity organization in ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) of the forests of the east european ( russian ) plain .\nsampling epigeal arthropods : an evaluation of fenced pitfall traps using mark - release - recapture and comparison to unfenced pitfall traps in arable crops .\nthe life cycles and age of carabus glabratus paykull and c . problematicus herbst ( col . : carabidae ) on moorland in northern england .\nthe structure of populations of ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) in urbanized landscapes of north of meschera lowland .\nkoivula m , kotze dj , hiisivuori l , rita h . ( 2003 )\nthe influence of the manner of pitfall traps setting in forest habitat on their catchability .\nto the question of the use of soil traps for the study of the distribution and interactions of entomofauna elements on the soil surface .\nabout updating the quantity estimation applying the methods of exhaustive catches using of pitfall traps .\nn\u0115kter\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jako n\u00e1vnada v zemn\u00edch pastech p\u0159i studio st\u0159evl\u00edkovit\u00fdch ( carabidae ) .\nground - beetle comunities in the lake elton region , southern rusia : a case study of a local fauna ( coleoptera : carabidae ) . in : golovatch si , makarova ol , babenko ab , penev ld ( eds ) species and communities in extrem environments . festschrift towards the 75th anniversary and a laudatio in honour of academician yuri ivanovich chernov .\nvariability of seasonal dynamics of activity in ground beetle pterostichus melanarius ill . ( coleoptera , carabidae ) in different forest types .\n, institute of biology of latvian academy of science publisher , riga , 55\u201356 [ in russian ] .\nthe phenology and population structure of loricera pilicornis ( f . ) ( coleoptera , carabidae ) in agrocoenosis .\nin : desender k , dufr\u00eane m , loreau m , luff ml , maelfait j - p . ( eds )\nspecific features of life cycle of pseudoophonus ( s . str . ) rufipes deg . ( coleoptera , carabidae ) in southwest moldova .\nvariations in flight ability with sex and age in ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) of south - western moldova .\ndiversity of ground beetles ( coleoptera : carabidae ) and spiders ( araneae ) in roadside verges with grey hair - grass vegetation .\nsynekologick\u00e1 studie sez\u00f3nn\u00edho v\u00fdskytu st\u0159evl\u00edkovit\u00fdch na \u0159epn\u00fdch polich han\u00e9 ( col . carabidae ) .\npit - fall catches of surface - active arthropods in high mountain habitats at finse , south norway . iv . coleoptera .\ndifferential effects of formaldehyde concentration and detergent on the catching efficiency of surface active arthropods by pitfall traps .\nestimating the density of ground - dwelling arthropods with pitfall traps using a nested - cross array .\ndetermining numbers of active carabid beetles per unit area from pitfall - trap data .\necological and fauna structure of the population of coleoptera , carabidae in the forest belt in the city dump area .\ndynamics of population structure of ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) in urbanized landscapes of saransk .\nmordovian state pedagogical university publisher , saransk , 213 pp [ in rusian ] .\nground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) of byelorussian lakeland with catalogue of species of byelorussia and adjacent lands .\nuo p . m . masherov vgu , vitebsk , 325 pp [ in russian ] .\ncarabid beetles in their environments . a study on habitat selection by adaptations in physiology and behaviour .\nspringer - verlag , berlin \u2013 heidelberg - new - york , xvii + 369 pp .\nzur \u00f6kologie , soziologie und ph\u00e4nologie der laufk\u00e4fer ( coleoptera - carabidae ) des gr\u00fcnlandes im s\u00fcden der ddr . hercynia n . f .\nseasonal dynamics of activity and population structure of pterostichus niger schaller in different habitats .\nthe reproductive cycle and age composition of a population of pteropstichus oblongopunctatus f . in the netherlands ( coleoptera : carabidae ) .\nthe significance of flight activity in the life cycle of amara plebeja gyll . ( coleoptera , carabidae ) .\nin : den boer pj , thiele hu , weber f . ( eds )\ntrapping efficiency of carabid beetles in glass and plastic pitfall traps containing different solutions .\nthe influence of different age classes on the seasonal activity and reproduction of four medium - sized carabid species inhabiting cereal fields .\nwork tt , buddle cm , korinus lm , spence jr . ( 2002 )\npitfall trap size and capture of three taxa of litter - dwelling arthropods : implications for biodiversity studies .\nwe gratefully acknowledge financial support from the county administrative board in sk\u00e5ne and the swedish research council .\nbascompte j , jordano p ( 2007 ) plant\u2013animal mutualistic networks : the architecture of biodiversity . annu rev ecol syst 38 : 567\u2013593\nbertoncelj i , dolman pa ( 2013 ) conservation potential for heathland carabid beetle fauna of linear trackways within a plantation forest . insect conserv divers 6 : 300\u2013308\ncizek l , hauck d , pokluda p ( 2012 ) contrasting needs of grassland dwellers : habitat preferences of endangered steppe beetles ( coleoptera ) . j insect cons 16 : 281\u2013293\ndahlstr\u00f6m a , cousins sao , eriksson o ( 2006 ) the history ( 1620\u20132003 ) of land use , people and livestock , and the relationship to present plant species diversity in a rural landscape in sweden . environ hist camb 12 : 191\u2013212\ndesender k , bosmans r ( 1998 ) ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) on set - aside fields in the campine region and their importance for nature conservation in flanders ( belgium ) . biodiv cons 7 : 1485\u20131493\ng\u00e4rdenfors u ( ed ) ( 2010 ) the 2010 red list of swedish species . artdatabanken , slu , uppsala\ngazenbeek a ( 2005 ) life , natura 2000 and the military . life focus , european commission\nhansen v ( 1927 ) biller vii , bladbiller og b\u00f8nnebiller ( chrysomelidae & laridae ) . danmarks fauna 31 , copenhagen , denmark\nhobbs rj , huenneke lf ( 1992 ) disturbance diversity and invasion implications for conservation . cons biol 6 : 324\u2013337\nirmler u , hoernes u ( 2003 ) assignment and evaluation of ground beetle ( coleoptera : carabidae ) assemblages to sites on different scales in a grassland landscape . biodiv cons 12 : 1405\u20131419\njentsch a , friedrich s , steinlein t , beyschlag w , nezadal w ( 2009 ) assessing conservation action for substitution of missing dynamics on former military training areas in central europe . rest ecol 17 : 107\u2013116\njohansson lj , hall k , prentice h , ihse m , reitalu t , sykes m , kindstr\u00f6m m ( 2008 ) semi - natural grassland continuity , long - term land - use changes and plant species richness in an agricultural landscape on \u00f6land , sweden . landsc urban plan 84 : 200\u2013211\nknisley cb ( 2011 ) anthropogenic disturbances and rare tiger beetle habitats : benefits , risks , and implications for conservation . terr arthropod rev 4 : 41\u201361\n. final report to u . s . fish and wildlife service , ventura , california , usa . pp 34\nlandin bo ( 1957 ) svensk insektsfauna 9 : skalbaggar , bladhorningar : fam . scarabaeidae . entomologiska f\u00f6reningen , stockholm , sweden\nlin y - c , james r , dolman pm ( 2007 ) conservation of heathland ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) : the value of lowland coniferous plantations . biodiv cons 16 : 1337\u20131358\nlindroth ch ( 1961 ) svensk insektfauna . 9 , skalbaggar , coleopetra , sandj\u00e4gare och jordl\u00f6pare , fam . carabidae , 2nd ed . entomologiska f\u00f6reningen , stockholm , sweden"]}
{"id": 605, "summary": [{"text": "cerynea ignealis is a species of moth in the family erebidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in kenya , madagascar , south africa and in s\u00e3o tom\u00e9 & principe", "topic": 20}], "title": "cerynea ignealis", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about cerynea porphyrea ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for cerynea porphyrea ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ kenya ] , br . e . africa , uganda railway , mile 478 , leg . c . s . betton .\nhampson g . f . 1926a . descriptions of new genera and species of lepidoptera phalaenae of the subfamily noctuinae ( noctuidae ) in the british museum ( natural history ) . - \u2014 : 1\u2013641 .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 3 / 6 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 607, "summary": [{"text": "noctueliopsis aridalis is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by barnes and benjamin in 1922 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , california and nevada .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of deserts .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is 5.5-6.5 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from march to june . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "noctueliopsis aridalis", "paragraphs": ["photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 22 . 2m ; p . 171 . book review and ordering\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nyou ' d think with those colors and that pattern this one would be easy , but i didn ' t see a match in my holland moth guide .\ninteresting . we don ' t seem to have a guide page for that yet , and i don ' t see it at the moth photographers group either , but i do see one at cal photos . just wish i had had a ring flash and a decent macro lens when i took the photo . ( i had just made the transition to dslr about a month before that trip . )\n. . . . all of the microleps through pyraloidea ( different photos of the same specimens that appear in mwna ) will be on plates and species pages at mpg within a week or so . ( no rsvp , thanks )\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\nnoctuelia pandoralis barnes & mcdunnough , 1914 ; contr . nat . hist . lep . n . am . 2 ( 6 ) : 244 , pl . 2 , f . 13 ; tl : deming , new mexico\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\n[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\na variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to calphotos . please follow the usage guidelines provided with each image . use and copyright information , as well as other details about the photo such as the date and the location , are available by clicking on the\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy ."]}
{"id": 608, "summary": [{"text": "byasa latreillei , the rose windmill , is a butterfly from the windmills genus ( byasa ) , found in various parts of asia , comprising tailed black swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "byasa latreillei", "paragraphs": ["no one has contributed data records for byasa latreillei yet . learn how to contribute .\nbyasa latreillei ssp : genestieri ? yunnan , dali . 1p . rare offer . 2628 .\nspecies : byasa latreillei ssp : genestieri . 1 pair . collection data : yunnan , dali .\nbyasa latreillei ssp : genestieri ? yunnan , dali . 1p . rare offer . 2628 . | ebay\nbyasa latreillei genestieri ; huang , 2003 , neue ent . nachr . 55 : 74 ( note )\npapilio latreillei genestieri oberth\u00fcr , 1918 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1918 : 187\n= byasa hedistus ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 99\n= byasa dasarada melanura ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 98\nbyasa dasarada dasarada ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 98 ( note )\nbyasa dasarada ravana ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 98 ( note )\nbyasa dasarada barata ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 98 ( note )\n? papilio latreillei robus jordan , 1928 ; novit . zool . 34 : 161 ; tl : tonkin , ngai tio , 4800ft\n= byasa dasarada ouvrardi oberth\u00fcr , 1920 ; huang , 2003 , neue ent . nachr . 55 : 75\n{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . byasa latreillei ( donovan , 1826 ) . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .\n{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . byasa latreillei ( donovan , 1826 ) . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .\nbyasa nevilli ; [ mrs ] , 110 ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 99 ( note )\nbyasa hedistus ; [ mrs ] , 111 ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 99 ( note )\nbyasa dasarada ouvrardi ; [ mrs ] , 111 ; huang , 2003 , neue ent . nachr . 55 : 75 ( note )\nbyasa dasarada melanura ; [ mrs ] , 111 ; huang , 2001 , neue ent . nachr . 51 : 98 ( note )\njordan , k . , 1928 on the latreillei group of eastern papilios . novitates zoologicae . 34 : 159 - 172 , pl . 6 , 7 . online as pdf\nbyasa alcinous mansonensis ab . flaveolus murayama & shimonoya , 1966 ; ty\u00f4 to ga 15 ( 3 / 4 ) : 58 , f . 3 ; tl : poli\nphiloxenus [ byasa polyeuctes ] : a name previously in use for this species ( e . g . , munroe 1961 ) , but invalid as a junior primary homonym .\nimpediens [ byasa ] : this taxon has generally been cited byasa impediens rothschild , 1895 , but as realized by fujioka et al . ( 1997 ) it was originally described as an infrasubspecific form ( rothschild 1895 : 269 - 270 ) , and has only been made available through a subsequent citation as a subspecies by seitz ( 1907 : 9 ) .\npapilio ( byasa ) polla de nic\u00e9ville , 1897 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 10 ( 4 ) : 633 ; tl : n . shan states , n . chin hills , 5000ft\nstenoptera [ byasa nevilli ] : recently described as a separate species from hainan allied to b . nevilli ( chou 1994 , gu 1997 ) , a species which is not yet know to occur on the island but only on the chinese mainland .\nhedistus [ byasa ] : generally accepted as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) , but treated as conspecific with b . dasarada by d ' abrera ( 1982 : 37 ) .\nfebanus [ byasa impediens ] : sometimes accepted as a separate species endemic to taiwan ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , igarashi & fukuda 1997 ) , but recently more often treated as conspecific with b . impediens from mainland china ( chou 1994 , d ' abrera 1982 , fujioka et al . 1997 , hancock 1983 , and shirozu 1992 ) .\nrhadinus [ byasa mencius ] : originallly described and generally placed as conspecific with b . mencius ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , fujioka et al . 1997 ) , it was suggested by d ' abrera ( 1982 : 38 ) to be closer to b . nevilli , and has recently been elevated to species rank by chou ( 1994 ) .\nprepared by christoph l . h\u00e4user , in cooperation with rienk de jong , gerardo lamas , robert k . robbins , campbell smith & richard i . vane - wright .\nparnassiinae duponchel , [ 1835 ] [ 66 spp . ] parnassiini duponchel , [ 1835 ] :\ndriopa korshunov , 1988 [ 8 spp . ] parnassius ( driopa ) ariadne lederer , 1853 - clarius eversmann , 1843 * parnassius ( driopa ) clodius m\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s , 1855 parnassius ( driopa ) eversmanni m\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s , 1855 - felderi bremer , 1861 * - litoreus stichel , 1907 * parnassius ( driopa ) glacialis butler , 1866 * - sulphurus antram , 1924 * parnassius ( driopa ) mnemosyne ( linnaeus , 1758 ) parnassius ( driopa ) nordmanni [ m\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s ] , 1850 parnassius ( driopa ) orleans oberth\u00fcr , 1890 parnassius ( driopa ) stubbendorfii m\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s , 1849 - hoenei schweitzer , 1912 *\nparnassius latreille , 1804 [ 13 spp . ] parnassius ( parnassius ) actius ( eversmann , 1843 ) parnassius ( parnassius ) apollo ( linnaeus , 1758 ) parnassius ( parnassius ) apollonius ( eversmann , 1847 ) parnassius ( parnassius ) bremeri bremer , 1864 parnassius ( parnassius ) dongalaicus tytler , 1926 * - rikihiroi kawasaki , 1995 * parnassius ( parnassius ) epaphus oberth\u00fcr , 1879 parnassius ( parnassius ) honrathi staudinger , 1882 parnassius ( parnassius ) jacquemontii boisduval , 1836 parnassius ( parnassius ) nomion fischer de waldheim , 1823 parnassius ( parnassius ) phoebus ( fabricius , 1793 ) * - ruckbeili deckert , 1909 * parnassius ( parnassius ) sacerdos stichel , 1906 * parnassius ( parnassius ) smintheus doubleday , 1847 * - behrii edwards , 1870 * parnassius ( parnassius ) tianschanicus oberth\u00fcr , 1879\nleptocircini kirby , 1896 [ = lampropterini bryk , 1929 ; [ = graphiini talbot , 1939 ] * [ 144 spp . ]\nmimoides brown , 1991 [ 11 spp . ] mimoides ariarathes ( esper , 1788 ) mimoides euryleon ( hewitson , [ 1856 ] ) mimoides ilus ( fabricius , 1793 ) - belesis ( bates , 1864 ) * - branchus ( doubleday , 1846 ) * mimoides lysithous ( h\u00fcbner , [ 1821 ] ) - eupatorion ( lucas , 1857 ) * - harrisianus ( swainson , 1822 ) * - oedipus ( felder , 1865 ) * - rurik ( eschscholtz , 1821 ) * - sebastianus ( oberth\u00fcr , 1880 ) * mimoides microdamas ( burmeister , 1878 ) mimoides pausanias ( hewitson , 1852 ) mimoides phaon ( boisduval , 1836 ) - hipparchus ( staudinger , 1884 ) * mimoides protodamas ( godart , 1819 ) mimoides thymbraeus ( boisduval , 1836 ) mimoides xeniades ( hewitson , 1867 ) * - chibcha ( fassl , 1912 ) * - harmodius ( doubleday , 1846 ) * mimoides xynias ( hewitson , 1875 ) - trapeza ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) *\nprotesilaus swainson , [ 1832 ] [ 11 spp . ] protesilaus aguiari ( d ' almeida , 1937 ) protesilaus earis ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) * protesilaus glaucolaus ( bates , 1864 ) protesilaus helios ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) protesilaus leucosilaus ( zik\u00e1n , 1937 ) * protesilaus macrosilaus ( gray , [ 1853 ] ) * - penthesilaus ( felder & felder , 1865 ) * protesilaus molops ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) - hetaerius ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) * protesilaus orthosilaus ( weymer , 1899 ) protesilaus protesilaus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) - archesilaus ( felder & felder , 1865 ) * - embrikstrandi ( d ' almeida , 1936 ) * - nigricornis ( staudinger , 1884 ) * - pseudosilaus ( zikan , 1937 ) * - travassosi ( d ' almeida , 1938 ) * protesilaus stenodesmus ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) protesilaus telesilaus ( felder & felder , 1864 )\nprotographium munroe , [ 1961 ] [ 14 spp . ] protographium agesilaus ( gu\u00e9rin & percheron , 1835 ) - autosilaus ( bates , 1861 ) * - neosilaus ( hopffer , 1865 ) * - oberthueri ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) * protographium anaxilaus ( felder & felder , 1865 ) * - arcesilaus ( lucas , 1852 ) * protographium asius ( fabricius , 1781 ) protographium calliste ( bates , 1864 ) protographium celadon ( lucas , 1852 ) protographium dioxippus ( hewitson , [ 1856 ] ) - lacandones ( bates , 1864 ) * protographium epidaus ( doubleday , 1846 ) protographium leosthenes ( doubleday , 1846 ) protographium leucaspis ( godart , 1819 ) protographium marcellinus ( doubleday , [ 1845 ] ) protographium marcellus ( cramer , [ 1777 ] ) protographium philolaus ( boisduval , 1836 ) - oberthueri ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) * - xanticles ( bates , 1863 ) * protographium thyastes ( drury , 1782 ) - marchandii ( boisduval , 1836 ) * protographium zonaria ( butler , 1869 )\nbattus scopoli , 1777 [ 12 spp . ] battus belus ( cramer , [ 1777 ] ) battus chalceus ( rothschild & jordan , 1906 ) * - ingenuus ( dyar , 1907 ) * battus crassus ( cramer , [ 1777 ] ) battus devilliersii ( godart , 1823 ) battus eracon ( godman & salvin , 1897 ) battus laodamas ( felder & felder , 1859 ) battus lycidas ( cramer , [ 1777 ] ) battus madyes ( doubleday , 1846 ) - philetas ( hewitson , 1869 ) * battus philenor ( linnaues , 1771 ) battus polydamas ( linnaeus , 1758 ) - archidamas ( boisduval , 1836 ) * - psittacus ( molina , 1782 ) * - streckerianus ( honrath , 1884 ) * battus polystictus ( butler , 1874 ) battus zetides munroe , 1971 - zetes ( westwood , 1847 ) *\ncressida swainson , 1832 [ 1 sp . ] cressida cressida ( fabricius , 1775 )\neuryades felder & felder , 1864 [ 2 spp . ] euryades corethrus ( boisduval , 1836 ) euryades duponchelii ( lucas , 1836 )\nlosaria moore , [ 1902 ] [ 4 spp . ] losaria coon ( fabricius , 1793 ) losaria neptunus ( gu\u00e9rin - m\u00e9neville , 1840 ) losaria palu ( martin , 1912 ) * losaria rhodifer ( butler , 1876 )\nornithoptera boisduval , [ 1832 ] [ 12 spp . ] ornithoptera aesacus ( ney , 1903 ) * ornithoptera alexandrae ( rothschild , 1907 ) ornithoptera chimaera ( rothschild , 1904 ) ornithoptera croesus wallace , 1859 * ornithoptera goliath oberth\u00fcr , 1888 ornithoptera meridionalis ( rothschild , 1897 ) ornithoptera paradisea staudinger , 1893 ornithoptera priamus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) - akakeae kobayashi & koiwaya , 1978 * - allotei ( rothschild , 1914 ) * - euphorion ( gray , [ 1853 ] ) * ornithoptera richmondia ( gray , [ 1853 ] ) * ornithoptera rothschildi kenrick , 1911 - akakeae kobayashi & koiwaya , 1978 * ornithoptera tithonus de haan , 1840 ornithoptera victoriae ( gray , 1856 ) - allotei ( rothschild , 1914 ) *\npharmacophagus haase , 1892 [ 1 sp . ] pharmacophagus antenor ( drury , 1773 )\ntrogonoptera rippon , [ 1890 ] [ 2 spp . ] trogonoptera brookiana ( wallace , 1855 ) trogonoptera trojana ( honrath , 1886 )\nmeandrusa moore , 1888 [ 3 spp . ] meandrusa payeni ( boisduval , 1836 ) meandrusa sciron ( leech , 1890 ) * - hercules ( blanchard , 1871 ) * meandrusa lachinus ( fruhstorfer , 1902 ) * - gyas ( westwood , 1841 ) *\nabderus [ papilio ( pterourus ) ] : generally seen as conspecific with p . garamas ( e . g . , bryk 1930 , d ' abrera 1981 , d ' almeida 1966 , tyler et al . 1994 ) , but sometimes also treated as a distinct species ( collins & morris 1985 : 87 , hancock 1983 , llorente - bousquets et al . 1997 ) .\nacco [ parnassius ( tadumia ) ] : is treated here to include baileyi south , przewalskii alpheraky , and all related taxa some of which at times have been regarded as distinct species ( e . g . , bryk 1935 , chou 1994 , collins & morris 1985 , munroe 1961 ) ; the view of a single species has been accepted by most recent authors based on the allopatric occurence of the different taxa concerned ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , eisner 1976 , hancock 1983 , inaoka & sugisawa 1997 , rose 2000 , shinkai 1997 , sorimachi 1994a , sorimachi 1995 ) .\nadamas [ pachliopta ] : previously regarded as conspecific with p . aristolochiae ( e . g . , fujioka et al . 1997 , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 ) , but recently accepted as a separate species by page & treadaway ( 1995 ) .\naesacus [ ornithoptera ] : generally regarded as a separate species ( e . g , collins & morris 1985 : 83 , hancock 1983 , hancock & orr 1997 , munroe 1961 , otani & kimura 1998 , von kn\u00f6tgen 1997 ) , but also considered as conspecific with o . priamus by parsons ( 1996 ) .\naethiops [ papilio ( druryia ) microps ] : formerly in general use as the species name ( e . g . , carcasson 1975 , d ' abrera 1980 , munroe 1961 ) , but invalid as a junior primary homonym ( ackery et al . 1995 , hancock 1983 ) ; aethiopsis hancock , 1983 has been proposed as an objective replacement name ( see below ) , but microps storace , 1952 is also seen as a conspecific taxon and hence available as species name ( ackery et al . 1995 : 152 ) .\naethiopsis [ papilio ( druryia ) microps ] : proposed as an objective replacement name for p . aethiops rothschild & jordan , 1905 , which is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( hancock 1983 : 38 ) ; at species level , however , microps storace , 1952 is already available as a valid name ( see below ) .\naglaope [ parides panthonus ] : previously treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 70 , d ' almeida 1966 , and hancock 1983 : 47 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with p . panthonus by lamas ( pers . com . ) , and tyler et al . ( 1994 : 28 ) .\nakakeae [ ornithoptera priamus / rothschildi ] : originally described as a separate species , but now regarded as an interspecific hybrid between o . priamus and o . rothschildi ( otani & kimura 1998 : 101 ) .\nalcindor [ papilio ( menelaides ) polytes ] : generally held to be conspecific with p . polytes ( e . g . , bryk 1930 , d ' abrera 1982 , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 ) but recently elevated to species rank by fujioka et al . ( 1997 : 228 ) .\nalexiares [ papilio ( pterourus ) glaucus ] : previously regarded as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1981 , d ' almeida 1966 : 132 , hagen & scriber 1995 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) , but recently seen as conspecific with p . glaucus ( llorente - bousquets et al . 1997 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\nallotei [ ornithoptera priamus / victoriae ] : originally described and subsequently often listed as a separate species ( e . g . , munroe 1961 ) , it is now recognized as an interspecific hybrid between o . priamus and o . victoriae ( collins & morris 1985 : 82 , haugum & low 1978 . 1985 , otani & kimura 1998 : 99 , parsons 1999 : 225 ) .\nammosovi [ parnassius ( sachaia ) arcticus ] : originally described as a separate species but subsequently found to be a junior synonym of arcticus eisner , which first had been misplaced under p . simo ( see h\u00e4user 1993 , tuzov et al . 1997 ) .\nanaxilaus [ protographium ] : the species was formerly known under the name of arcesilaus lucas which , however , is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( see below ) .\nandreji [ parnassius ( sachaia ) ] : long treated as conspecific with p . simo ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , bryk 1935 , collins & morris 1985 , eisner 1976 , and munroe 1961 ) , but recently accepted as a separate species by chou ( 1994 ) , sorimachi ( 1995 : 72 ) , and weiss ( 1991 ) , which has also been found sympatrically with p . simo ( koiwaya 1995 ) .\nangolanus [ graphium ( arisbe ) ] : in former times the species was known under the name of pylades fabricius , which is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( see below ) .\nannae [ pachliopta phlegon ] : previously in use as the species name ( e . g . , d ' abrera 1982 ) , but invalid as a junior primary homonym ; strandi bryk , 1930 has been proposed as an available replacement name ( see below ) .\nantiphus [ pachliopta ] : until recently regarded as conspecific with p . aristolochiae ( e . g . , fujioka et al . 1997 , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 ) , but now recognized as a separate species by page & treadaway ( 1995 ) .\napollinaris [ archon ] : for a long time treated as a subspecies of a . apollinus ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , bryk 1934 , d ' abrera 1990 , igarashi 1979 , collins & morris 1985 , hancock 1983 ) , but now generally accepted as a distinct species based on the sympatric occurence with a . apollinus in part of its range ( carbonell 1991 , de freina 1985 , hesselbarth et al . 1995 ) .\narcas [ parides eurimedes ] : the species has long been known under this name which , however , is invalid as a junior primary homonym ; eurimedes stoll is available as a subjective replacement name ( tyler et al . 1994 ) .\narcesilaus [ protographium anaxilaus ] : previously the species has been known under this name ( e . g . , d ' abrera 1981 , d ' almeida 1966 , munroe 1961 ) which , however , is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( hancock 1983 ) .\narchesilaus [ protesilaus protesilaus ] : listed as a separate species by d ' almeida ( 1966 : 249 ) , but now generally regarded as conspecific with p . protesilaus ( e . g . , brown 1991 , hancock 1983 : 20 , munroe 1961 , tyler et al . 1994 : 30 ) .\narchidamas [ battus polydamas ] : previously mostly treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 70 , d ' almeida 1966 , hancock 1983 : 47 , m\u00f6hn 1999 , racheli & pariset 1992 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with b . polydamas by lamas ( pers . com . ) , and tyler et al . ( 1994 : 28 ) ; the oldest available name for this taxon is probably papilio psittacus molina , 1782 ( see below ) , which hitherto has been interpreted as representing a species of castniidae ( racheli & pariset , 1992 : 53 ) .\narcticus [ parnassius ( sachaia ) ] : originally described as a siberian subspecies of p . simo , a species which does not occur in siberia , and subsequently placed as conspecific with p . tenedius ( eisner 1969 ) ; recognized as a separate species by mr\u00e1cek ( 1989 ) , and recently accepted as such ( e . g . , korshunov & gorbunov 1995 : 54 , sorimachi 1995 , tuzov et al . 1997 : 142 , and weiss 1991 ) ; includes ammosovi korshunov as a junior synonym ( see above ) .\naristeus [ papilio ( pterourus ) menatius ] : previously in use as the species name ( e . g . , bryk 1930 , d ' abrera 1981 ) but invalid as a junior primary homonym ( hancock 1983 : 32 ) .\naristolochiae [ pachliopta ] : for taxa formerly included under this species , see also under p . adamas and p . antiphus ( see above ) .\naristophontes [ papilio ( princeps ) nireus ] : originally described and often regarded as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 105 , d ' abrera 1980 , d ' abrera 1997 ) , but recently treated as conspecific with p . nireus with which it is allopatric ( ackery et al . 1995 : 153 , hancock 1984b ) .\narnoldi [ papilio ( druryia ) arnoldiana ] : this name is invalid as a junior primary homonym , and arnolidana vane - wright has been proposed as an objective replacement name for this taxon ( see below ) .\narnoldiana [ papilio ( druryia ) ] : originally described as a subspecies of p . cynorta and treated as such by most authors ( e . g . , carcasson 1975 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1980 ) , but recently regarded as a separate species by ackery et al . ( 1995 : 139 ) , and hancock ( 1989 , 1993 ) ; the taxon was previously known under the name arnoldi poulton , which , however , is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( see above ) .\nascolius [ papilio ( pterourus ) zagreus ] : previously regarded as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 85 , d ' almeida 1966 : 147 , de vries 1987 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) , but recently treated as conspecific with p . zagreus ( racheli & pariset 1993 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\naugustus [ parnassius ( kailasius ) imperator ] : recently proposed as a separate species from p . imperator by sugisawa & kawasaki ( 1997 ) based on differences in male genitalia and wing pattern ; regarded as conspecific with p . imperator by all previous authors , e . g . , ackery ( 1975 ) , bryk ( 1935 ) , collins & morris ( 1985 ) , ohya ( 1990 ) , sorimachi ( 1995 : 166 ) , and weiss ( 1991 ) ; this view is accepted here as no truely sympatric occurence of the two taxa has yet been demonstrated .\nauriger [ graphium ( arisbe ) ] : several taxa in the past sometimes treated as conspecific with g . auriger are now regarded as distinct species ; see also under g . olbrechtsi , and g . schubotzi .\nautosilaus [ protographium agesilaus ] : listed as a separate species by d ' almeida ( 1966 : 256 ) , but generally regarded as conspecific with p . agesilaus ( brown 1991 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1981 , hancock 1983 , tyler et al . 1994 : 30 ) .\nbachus [ papilio ( pterourus ) zagreus ] : previously regarded as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 85 , d ' almeida 1966 : 154 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 , racheli & pariset 1993 ) , but recently treated as conspecific with p . zagreus ( tyler et al . 1994 ) .\nbaileyi [ parnassius ( tadumia ) acco ] : originally described as a subspecies of p . acco , later placed with rothschildianus or przewalskii ( e . g . , bryk 1935 ) , and subsequently also treated as a separate species ( e . g . , weiss 1992 ) ; more recently , however , regarded by most authors again as conspecific with p . acco ( ackery 1975 , eisner 1976 , inaoka & sugisawa 1997 , shinkai 1997 , sorimachi 1994a , sorimachi 1995 , weiss 1992 ) .\nbairdii [ papilio ( papilio ) machaon ] : previously often regarded as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 95 , d ' almeida 1966 : 155 , hancock 1983 , miller & brown 1981 , munroe 1961 ) , but now generally treated as conspecific with p . machaon ( d ' abrera 1990 , fujioka et al . 1997 , scott 1986 , sperling 1987 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\nbatjanensis [ graphium ( graphium ) stresemanni ] : described as a distinct species in the g . weiskei group , and recently accepted as a separate species by hanafusa ( 1998 ) , and m\u00fcller & tennent ( 1999 ) ; since batjanensis appears to be allopatric to g . stresemanni , it is retained here provisionally under that species ; it has also been suggested to be conspecific with g . weiskei ( parsons 1999 : 245 ) .\nbeehri [ parnassius ( parnassius ) smintheus ] : as the other north american taxa in this group , beehri was in the past generally placed as a subspecies of p . phoebus ( e . g . , bryk 1935 , eisner 1976 , ferris 1976 , tyler et al . 1994 ) ; following the separation of nearctic taxa at species level under p . smintheus ( see below ) , it consequently has now to be placed with the latter taxon ; in a recent study , species rank has been accordet to beehri based on differences in egg morphology ( shepard & manley 1998 ) .\nbelesis [ mimoides ilus ] : formerly treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 49 , d ' almeida 1966 : 257 , hancock 1983 , and munroe 1961 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with m . branchus by brown ( 1991 ) , and with m . ilus by tyler et al . ( 1994 : 31 ) .\nbenguetanus [ papilio ( sinoprinceps ) ] : sometimes regarded as conspecific with p . xuthus ( e . g . , fujioka et al . 1997 : 220 ; munroe 1961 ) , but mostly accepted as a separate species ( collins & morris 1985 , hancock 1983 , treadaway 1995 , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 ) .\nbiokoensis [ graphium ( arisbe ) ] : originally described as a subspecies of g . policenes and subsequently treated as such ( ackery et al . 1995 : 165 ) or considered conspecific with g . liponesco ( larsen 1994 ) , but recently accepted as a separate species restricted largely to central africa by smith & vane - wright ( 2001 ) .\nbiseriatus [ papilio ( menelaides ) helenus ] : generally treated as conspecific with p . helenus ( e . g . , bryk 1930 , fujioka et al . 1997 , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 ) , but regarded as a distinct species by collins & morris ( 1985 : 98 ) following hancock ( 1983 : 37 ) .\nbjorndalae [ papilio ( heraclides ) aristodemus ] : originally described and subsequently treated as a subspecies of p . aristodemus , but listed as a distinct species by d ' abrera ( 1990 : 44 ) .\nboedromius [ parnassius ( sachaia ) ] : originally described as a separate species , but later mostly regarded as conspecific with p . simo ( e . g , ackery 1975 , bryk 1935 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1990 , eisner 1976 , munroe 1961 , verity 1905 - 1911 ) ; reinstated as a separate species by kreuzberg ( 1985 ) , and recently accepted as such by most authors ( e . g . , h\u00e4user 1993 , lukhtanov & lukhtanov 1994 , sorimachi 1995 , tuzov et al . 1997 , and weiss 1991 ) .\nboolae [ graphium ( arisbe ) policenoides ] : originally described and subsequently listed as a separate species by munroe ( 1961 ) , it has been regarded as conspecific with g . policenoides ( ackery et al . 1995 ) , but is now established as conspecific with g . liponesco ( hancock 1986 , larsen 1994 , smith & vane - wright 2001 ) .\nbranchus [ mimoides ilus ] : in the past generally treated as a separate species ( e . g . , brown 1991 : 401 , collins & morris 1985 : 49 , d ' abrera 1981 , d ' almeida 1966 : 258 , de vries 1987 , hancock 1983 , and munroe 1961 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with m . ilus by lamas ( pers . com . ) , llorente - bousquets et al . ( 1997 ) , and tyler et al . ( 1994 : 31 ) .\nbrevicauda [ papilio ( papilio ) ] : usually treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 94 , d ' abrera 1990 , hancock 1983 , layberry et al . 1998 , miller & brown 1981 , munroe 1961 , scott 1986 ) , but has also been regarded as conspecific with p . machaon ( fujioka et al . 1997 , sperling & harrison 1994 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\nbridgei [ papilio ( menelaides ) ] : this species has sometimes been regarded to also include p . erskinei ( see below ) which recently has been accepted again as a distinct species ( tennent 1999 ) ; the two taxa were introduced in the same paper , and this name has been given precedence over erskinei mathew , 1886 as the species name by parsons ( 1999 ) despite the fact that the latter name had already been given priority by racheli ( 1980 ) acting as first reviser ( see tennnet 1999 : 215 ) .\nbromius [ papilio ( druryia ) chrapkowskoides ] : a name in general use for this species ( e . g . , berger 1981 , carcasson 1975 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1980 , d ' abrera 1997 , hancock 1984b , larsen 1991 , munroe 1961 ) which has recently been recognised to be invalid as a junior primary homonym ( ko\u00e7ak 1983 ) ; it has been suggested that a case will be made to the iczn for the conservation of the long established name papilio bromius doubleday , 1845 ( ackery et al . 1995 : 140 ) .\nbrontes [ papilio ( druryia ) desmondi ] : previously in use as the species name ( e . g . , carcasson 1975 , munroe 1961 ) , but invalid as a junior primary homonym ( ackery et al . 1995 , hancock 1984b ) .\nburaki [ pachliopta leytensis ] : buraki ko\u00e7ak , 1983 has been proposed as a replacement name for papilio phegeus hopffer , 1885 , which is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( see below ) ; leytensis murayama , 1978 , however , is available as a subjective conspecific name ( see below ) .\ncanadensis [ papilio ( pterourus ) glaucus ] : generally placed as a subspecies of p . glaucus ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1990 , d ' almeida 1966 , miller & brown 1981 , scott 1986 , tyler et al . 1994 ) , but recently accepted as a separate species ( caterino & sperling 1999 , hagen et al . 1991 , hagen & scriber 1995 , layberry et al . 1998 ) .\ncarchedonius [ graphium ( arisbe ) almansor ] : originally described and subsequently treated as a distinct species ( e . g . , hancock 1983 ) , it has been regarded as conspecific with g . adamastor ( ackery et al . 1995 ) , but is recently treated as conspecific with g . almansor ( d ' abrera 1997 , larsen pers . com . , smith & vane - wright 2001 ) .\ncardinal [ parnassius ( koramius ) ] : for a long time regarded as a subspecies of p . delphius ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , bryk 1935 , eisner 1976 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1990 , munroe 1961 ) , but later recognized as a distinct species which partly coexists with other members of the p . delphius group ( kreuzberg 1985 , stshetkin 1979 ) , a view which lately has been generally accepted ( e . g . , h\u00e4user 1993 , sorimachi 1995 , tuzov et al . 1997 , weiss 1992 ) .\ncastilhoi [ parides panthonus ] : originally described as a separate species and subsequently treated as such by collins & morris ( 1985 : 70 ) and hancock ( 1983 : 47 ) , but now seen as conspecific with p . panthonus ( lamas pers . com . , tyler et al . 1994 : 28 ) .\ncaucasica [ zerynthia ( allancastria ) ] : originally placed and long regarded as conspecific with z . cerisy ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , bernardi 1970 , bryk 1934 ) , but now generally accepted as a separate species which coexists in part of its range with z . cerisy ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , hancock 1983 , h\u00e4user 1993 , hesselbarth et al . 1995 , kuhna 1977 , nekrutenko 1990 , and tuzov et al . 1997 : 148 ) .\nchaon [ papilio ( menelaides ) nephelus ] : listed as a separate species by munroe ( 1961 ) and talbot ( 1939 ) , but now generally regarded as conspecific with p . nephelus ( collins & morris 1985 : 100 , d ' abrera 1982 , hancock 1983 , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 ) .\ncarchedonius [ graphium ( arisbe ) aalmansor ] : originally described and subsequently sometimes treated as a distinct species ( e . g . , hancock 1983 ) , but mostly regarded as conspecific with g . adamastor ( ackery et al . 1995 , hancock 1985 ) ; recently , however , seen as conspecific with g . almansor ( d ' abrera 1997 , smith & vane - wright pers . com . ) .\nchibcha [ mimoides xeniades ] : originally described and subsequently listed as a separate species by d ' abrera ( 1981 ) , d ' almeida ( 1966 ) , and munroe ( 1961 ) , but now generally regarded as conspecific with m . xenidaes ( brown 1991 , hancock 1983 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\nchinensis [ luehdorfia ] : originally described and in the past often treated as conspecific with l . japonica ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , d ' abrera 1990 , rothschild 1918 ) or with l . puziloi ( e . g . , bryk 1934 , eisner 1974 ) , but now recognized as a separate species ( chou 1994 , collins & morris 1985 , fujioka et al . 1997 , hancock 1983 , igarashi & fukuda 1997 , kato 1998 , nos\u00e9 1990 , watanabe 1996 ) .\nchitondensis [ papilio ( druryia ) ] : originally described as a subspecies of p . chrapkowskoides and subsequently treated as such ( hancock 1984b ) , but recently accepted as a separate species ( ackery et al . 1995 : 140 ) .\nchoui [ parnassius ( tadumia ) szechenyii ] : recently described as a separate species related to p . szechenyii ; as judged from the illustrations of the original description , however , it seems unlikely to be specifically distinct .\nchrapkowskii [ papilio ( druryia ) ] : originally described and now again mostly treated as a separate species ( ackery et al . 1995 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1997 , hancock 1983 , hancock 1993 , kielland 1990 ) , but sometimes in the past also regarded as conspecific with p . chrapkowskoides ( e . g . , carcasson 1975 , d ' abrera 1980 , larsen 1991 ) .\nchrapkowskoides [ papilio ( druryia ) ] : this species has long been know under the name of bromius doubleday , 1845 ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1980 , hancock 1984b , munroe 1961 ) , which however is invalid as a junior primary homonym ; chrapkowskoides storace , 1952 is available as a subjective replacement name at the species level ( hancock 1993 ) and an objective replacement name has been proposed by ko\u00e7ak ( 1983 ) , but it has been suggested that a case will be made to the iczn for the conservation of the long established name papilio bromius doubleday , 1845 ( ackery et al . 1995 : 140 ) .\nchungianus [ graphium ( pazala ) timur ] : treated as a separate species by shirozu ( 1992 ) , but otherwise seen as conspecific with g . alebion ( d ' abrera 1982 : 108 ) or with g . timur ( koiwaya 1993 ) .\ncinyras [ papilio ( heraclides ) thoas ] : mostly seen as conspecific with p . thoas ( e . g . , d ' abrera 1981 , d ' almeida 1966 , munroe 1961 , racheli & pariset 1993 : 436 , tyler et al . 1994 ) , but treated as a separate species by collins & morris ( 1985 : 89 ) , and hancock ( 1983 ) .\nclarius [ parnassius ( driopa ) ariadne ] : the species has in the past often been referred to under this name ( e . g . , bryk 1935 , eisner 1974 ) which , however , is invalid as a junior primary homonym .\ncleotas [ papilio ( pterourus ) menatius ] : previously treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 86 , d ' almeida 1966 , de vries 1987 , hancock 1983 ) , but now seen as conspecific with p . menatius by tyler et al . ( 1994 ) .\ncodrus [ graphium ( graphium ) ] : this species is seen by some authors to include g . empedovana ( d ' abrera 1982 : 96 , parsons 1999 : 251 ) , which is treated here as a separate species ( see below ) .\ncoelus [ parides vercingetorix ] : in the previous literature the species was known under this name ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , d ' almeida 1966 , hancock 1983 ) which , however , is invalid as a junior primary homonym ; vercingetorix oberth\u00fcr is available as a subjective replacement name ( tyler et al . 1994 ) .\ncoloro [ papilio ( papilio ) polyxenes ] : previously regarded as a separate species ( collins & morris 1985 : 95 ) or placed with p . zelicaon ( d ' almeida 1966 : 243 , miller & brown 1981 ) , but now regarded as conspecific with p . polyxenes ( fujioka et al . 1997 , sperling 1987 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\ncolumbus [ eurytides serville ] : listed as a separate species by collins & morris ( 1985 : 51 ) , d ' almeida ( 1966 : 259 ) , hancock ( 1983 ) , and munroe ( 1961 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with e . serville ( lamas , pers . com . , tyler et al . 1994 : 30 ) .\ncretica [ zerynthia ( allancastria ) ] : originally described and often still regarded as conspecific with z . cerisy ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , bryk 1934 , collins & morris 1985 , hancock 1983 , and tolman & lewington 1997 ) ; more recently , it has been accepted as a separate species based on constant differences of adults and early stages by several authors ( carbonell 1996b , de prins & iversen 1996 , olivier 1993 ) .\ncroesus [ ornithoptera ] : generally accepted as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 83 , hancock & orr 1997 , munroe 1961 , otani & kimura 1998 , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 : 240 , von kn\u00f6tgen 1997 ) , but recently considered as conspecific with o . priamus by parsons ( 1996 , 1999 : 226 ) .\ncyproeofila [ papilio ( druryia ) ] : previously this species was generally referred to as p . zenobius godart ( e . g . , carcasson 1975 , collins & morris 1985 : 107 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) , which , however , appears to be not an available name but an unjustified emendation of p . zenobia fabricus ( hancock 1988b : 297 ) . in almost all the previous literature ( see above ) , this name has been misspelled as\ncypraeofila\nresulting from an incorrect transliteration of the symbol\n\u009c\nused in the original description .\ndelphius [ parnassius ( koramius ) ] : for taxa formerly treated as conspecific with p . delphius , see also under p . acdestis , p . cardinal , p . maximinus , p . staudingeri , p . stenosemus , and p . stoliczkanus .\ndiodorus [ parides bunichus ] : has sometimes been treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 68 , d ' almeida 1966 , hancock 1983 : 47 ) , but mostly regarded as conspecific with p . bunichus ( lamas pers . com . , rothschild & jordan 1906 , tyler et al . 1994 : 28 ) .\ndoddsi [ papilio ( achillides ) dialis ] : generally treated as concpecific with p . dialis ( e . g . , bryk 1930 , d ' abrera 1982 : 51 ) , but recently elevated to species rank by bauer & frankenbach ( 1998 ) , and gu ( 1997 ) .\ndohertyi [ troides rhadamantus ] : treated as a separate species by collins & morris ( 1985 : 79 ) , d ' abrera ( 1982 ) , and tsukada & nishiyama ( 1982 : 232 ) , but regarded as conspecific with t . rhadamantus by hancock ( 1983 ) , haugum & low ( 1978 - 1985 ) , and munroe ( 1961 ) .\ndongalaicus [ parnassius ( parnassius ) epaphus ] : originally described as a separate species , but subsequently regarded as conspecific with p . epaphus ( bryk 1935 ) ; recently , again , it has been recognized as a separate species and as conspecific with rikihiroi kawasaki , 1995 ( see below ) based on the sympatric occurence with p . epaphus ( sorimachi 1995 , sugisawa 1996 ) .\ndospassosi [ papilio ( heraclides ) chiansiades ] : originally described and subsequently regarded as a separate species ( collins & morris 1985 : 90 , hancock 1983 ) , but recently placed as conspecific with p . chiansiades ( tyler et al . 1994 ) .\ndrucei [ parides anchises ] : previusly often treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 70 , d ' almeida 1966 , hancock 1983 : 47 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with p . anchises ( tyler et al . 1994 : 29 ) .\nearis [ protesilaus ] : originally described and generally recognized as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 48 , d ' abrera 1981 , d ' almeida 1966 : 268 , hancock 1983 , and munroe 1961 ) , but regarded as conspecific with p . telesilaus by brown ( 1991 ) , and tyler et al . ( 1994 : 30 ) ; recently the species status has been reaffirmed by bollino & vitale ( 1999 ) based on constant differences in male genitalia between the two taxa .\nembrikstrandi [ protesilaus protesilaus ] : originally described and subsequently listed as a separate species by collins & morris ( 1985 : 48 ) , d ' almeida ( 1966 : 268 ) , hancock ( 1983 ) , and munroe ( 1961 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with p . protesilaus ( brown 1991 , tyler et al . 1994 : 30 ) .\nempedovana [ graphium ( graphium ) ] : generally treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , corbet & pendlebury 1992 , saigusa et al . 1982 , treadaway 1995 , and tsukada & nishiyama 1982 ) , but regarded as conspecific with g . codrus by d ' abrera ( 1982 : 96 ) and parsons ( 1999 : 251 ) .\nerlaces [ parides erithalion ] : previously treated as a separate species by collins & morris ( 1985 : 70 ) , d ' almeida ( 1966 ) , and hancock ( 1983 : 47 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with p . erithalion ( lamas pers . com . , tyler et al . 1994 : 29 ) .\nerostratinus [ papilio ( heraclides ) erostratus ] : originally described and subsequently treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 90 , d ' abrera 1981 , d ' almeida 1966 : 172 , hancock 1983 ) , but now seen as conspecific with p . erostratus ( llorente - bousquets et al . 1997 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\nerskinei [ papilio ( menelaides ) ] : originally described and subsequently treated as a distinct species ( bryk 1930 , munroe 1961 ) , it was later placed as conspecific with p . bridgei ( collins & morris 1985 , hancock 1983 , parsons 1999 , racheli 1980 ) , but recently has been accepted again as a separate species ( tennent 1999 ) .\nesperanza [ papilio ( pterourus ) ] : this species has been classified in the subgenus heraclides by collins & morris ( 1985 ) , and hancock ( 1983 ) , but it is recently included in the subgenus pterourus by tyler et al . ( 1994 ) .\neupatorion [ mimoides lysithous ] : generally regarded as conspecific with m . lysithous ( e . g . , brown 1991 , collins & morris 1985 : 49 - 50 , d ' abrera 1981 : 69 , and tyler et al . 1994 : 31 ) , but previously listed as a separate species by d ' almeida ( 1966 : 269 ) .\neuphorion [ ornithoptera priamus ] : often accepted as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 83 , hancock 1983 , hancock & orr 1997 , nielsen et al . 1996 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with o . priamus by braby ( 2000 ) , munroe ( 1961 ) , otani & kimura ( 1998 ) , parsons ( 1996 ) , and von kn\u00f6tgen ( 1997 ) .\neuphratoides [ graphium ( pathysa ) ] : in the past generally not treated as a distinct species ( collins & morris 1985 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) and placed with either g . euphrates ( e . g . , d ' abrera 1982 ) or with g . decolor ( e . g , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 : 413 ) ; elevated to species rank by page ( 1987 ) , and accepted as a species by treadaway ( 1995 ) ; further clarification by additional comparative studies is apparently hindered by the taxon becoming exceedingly rare due to habitat destruction ( page 1987 : 235 ) .\nfeisthamelii [ iphiclides podalirius ] : recently treated as a separate species by fernandez - rubio ( 1991 ) , tennent ( 1996 ) , and wohlfahrt ( 1996 , 1998 ) but generally regarded as conspecific with i . podalirius ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , de prins & iversen 1996 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 , tolman & lewington 1997 ) .\nfelderi [ parnassius ( driopa ) ] : until recently mostly treated as conspecific with p . eversmanni ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , bryk 1935 , eisner 1974 , fujioka et al . 1997 , iwamoto & inomata 1988 , and sorimachi 1995 : 173 ) , but regarded as a separate species by collins & morris ( 1985 ) , korshunov & gorbunov ( 1995 : 52 ) , tuzov et al . ( 1997 : 138 ) , and weiss ( 1999 ) . unpublished results of genetic studies ( zakharov in prep . ) confirm the conspecifity of p . eversmanni and the taxa felderi and litoreus .\nfernandus [ papilio ( druryia ) ] : originally described as a subspecies of p . cypraeofila and subsequently treated as such by most authors ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1980 , hancock 1983 ) , but recently regarded as a separate species by ackery et al . ( 1995 : 149 ) , and hancock ( 1988b , 1993 ) .\nfilaprae [ papilio ( druryia ) ] : originally described as a subspecies of p . cypraeofila and subsequently treated as such by most authors ( e . g . , by collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1980 , hancock 1983 ) , it recently has been regarded as a separate species by ackery et al . ( 1995 : 149 ) , and hancock ( 1988b , 1993 ) .\nflavisparsus [ graphium ( arisbe ) illyris ] : originally described and generally placed as conspecific with g . illyris ( e . g . , ackery et al . 1995 , smith & vane - wright 2001 ) , but recently regarded as a distinct species by d ' abrera ( 1997 ) .\nfurvus [ papilio ( druryia ) chrapkowskoides ] : orginally described as a subspecies of p . bromius [ = p . chrapkowskoides ] and subsequently treated as such by most authors ( e . g . , ackery et al . 1995 , bryk 1930 , hancock 1984b ) , but recently elevated to species rank by wojtusiak & pyrcz ( 1997 ) based on differences in male genitalia ; the name furvus joicey & talbot , however , is invalid as a junior primary homonym , and nerminae ko\u00e7ak , 1983 , has been proposed as an objective replacement name ( see below ) .\ngoodenovi [ graphium ( graphium ) weiskei ] : orginally described as a subspecies of g . weiskei based on a single specimen , it has been suggested to be specifically distinct from that species by parsons ( 1999 : 250 ) on the basis of notable differences in male genitalia .\ngothica [ papilio ( papilio ) polyxenes ] : originally described as a separate species , and later treated as conspecific with p . nitra ( hancock 1983 : 35 ) or with p . zelicaon ( collins & morris 1985 , miller & brown 1981 , scott 1986 ) ; also placed together with the other two taxa mentioned with p . polyxenes ( tyler et al . 1994 ) .\ngyas [ meandrusa lachinus ] : previously in use as the species name ( e . g . , d ' abrera 1982 , munroe 1961 , talbot 1939 , rothschild 1895 ) , but invalid as a junior primary homonym ; lachinus fruhstorfer is available as a subjective replacement name for this taxon ( see below ) .\nharmodius [ mimoides xeniades ] : the name harmodius has long been in use for this species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1981 , d ' almeida 1966 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) but it is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( brown 1991 ) .\nharrisianus [ mimoides lysithous ] : generally regarded as conspecific with m . lysithous ( e . g . , brown 1991 , collins & morris 1985 : 50 , d ' abrera 1981 : 69 , and tyler et al . 1994 : 31 ) , but has previously been listed as a separate species by d ' almeida ( 1966 : 277 ) .\nhector [ pachliopta ] : this species has been transfered to the ( sub ) genus pharmacophagus by hancock ( 1988a ) , which , however , has not been followed by other authors .\nhercules [ meandrusa sciron ] : this name has previously been in use for this taxon ( e . g . , rothschild 1895 , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 : 366 ) but it is invalid as a junior primary homonym ; sciron leech is available as a subjective replacement name ( see below ) .\nheringi [ papilio ( menelaides ) fuscus / tydeus ] : previously listed as a distinct species ( e . g . , bryk 1930 , collins & morris 1985 , racheli & haugum 1983 ) , it is now regarded as an interspecific hybrid between p . fuscus and p . tydeus ( hancock 1983 : 38 , tennent 1999 ) .\nhermeli [ papilio ( achillides ) ] : a recently described species from mindoro island , philippines , closely related to p . chikae , and accepted as a separate species by bauer & frankenbach ( 1998 ) , shimogori ( 1997 ) , and treadaway ( 1995 ) .\nhermosanus [ papilio ( achillides ) paris ] : generally treated as a subspecies of p . paris , but considered as a separate species by shirozu ( 1992 ) .\nhetaerius [ protesilaus molops ] : originally described as a subspecies of p . molops and treated as such by most authors ( e . g . , brown 1991 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1981 , tyler et al . 1994 ) , but previously listed as a separate species by d ' almeida ( 1966 : 279 ) , and placed as conspecific with p . macrosilaus by hancock ( 1983 : 20 ) .\nhide [ parnassius ( koramius ) patricius ] : first described and subsequently treated as a separate species ( e . g . , chou 1994 , sorimachi 1995 , weiss 1992 ) ; here , regarded as conspecific with p . patricius with which it is closely related and from which it is geographically separated .\nhipparchus [ mimoides phaon ] : generally regarded as conspecific with m . phaon ( e . g , brown 1991 , collins & morris 1985 , tyler et al . 1994 : 31 ) , but listed as a separate species by d ' abrera ( 1981 ) , d ' almeida ( 1966 : 280 ) , and munroe ( 1961 ) .\nhippocrates [ papilio ( papilio ) machaon ] : generally regarded as conspecific with p . machaon ( bryk 1930 , d ' abrera 1990 , fujioka et al . 1997 ) , but also treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 : 94 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) .\nhoenei [ parnassius ( driopa ) stubbendorfii ] : generally regarded as conspecific with p . stubbendorfii based on its allopatric occurence ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , bryk 1935 , collins & morris 1985 , eisner 1974 , fujioka et al . 1997 , and hancock 1983 ) , but treated as a separate species by fukuda et al . ( 1982 ) , kitahara ( 1990 ) , korzhunov & gorbunov ( 1995 : 51 ) , and sorimachi ( 1995 : 128 ) .\nhuberi [ parnassius ( tadumia ) schultei ] : recently described as a distinct species closely related to p . acco and p . schultei ; in judging from the original description ( paulus 1999 ) , the taxon resembles more closely p . schultei with which it is allopatric and treated here as conspecific .\nhunnyngtoni [ parnassius ( tadumia ) ] : in the past often treated as conspecific with p . acco ( e . g . , ackery 1975 , eisner 1976 , hancock 1983 ) , but now generally accepted as a separate species which is morphologically and ecologically quite distinct from p . acco ( bryk 1935 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1990 , h\u00e4user 1993 , inaoka & sugisawa 1997 , sorimachi 1994a , sorimachi 1995 , weiss 1991 ) .\nimperiatrix [ teinopalpus imperialis ] : regarded as conspecific with t . imperialis by most authors ( e . g . , d ' abrera 1982 , eisner 1974 , talbot 1939 , turlin 1991 ) , but recently treated as a distinct species based on sympatric occurence with t . imperialis by gaonkar ( in prep . ) .\nincertus [ graphium ( pazala ) ] : originally described and subsequently treated as conspecific with g . tamerlanus ( e . g . , bryk 1930 ) , but recently regarded as a separate species by chou ( 1994 ) , and koiwaya ( 1993 ) who noticed differences in male genitalia .\ningenuus [ battus chalceus ] : depending on the identity of the type specimen of chalceus rothschild & jordan , 1906 ( see above ) this might represent the valid name for this species , which has already been used by some authors ( llorente - bousquets et al . 1997 , m\u00f6hn 1999 , racheli & pariset 1992 ) .\ninterjecta [ papilio ( druryia ) interjectana ] : previously in general use as the species name ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1980 , hancock 1984b , 1993 , larsen 1991 ) , which , however , is invalid as a junior primary homonym ; interjectana vane - wright , 1995 has been proposed as an objective replacement name ( see below ) .\ninterjectana [ papilio ( druryia ) ] : this name has been proposed as an objective replacement for interjecta van someren , 1960 , which is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( ackery et al . 1995 : 150 ) .\njoanae [ papilio ( papilio ) machaon ] : previously often treated as a separate species ( collins & morris 1985 : 95 , hancock 1983 , miller & brown 1981 , sperling 1987 ) , but recently regarded as conspecific with p . machaon ( fujioka et al . 1997 , sperling & harrison 1994 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\nkahli [ papilio ( papilio ) polyxenes ] : previously regarded as a separate species ( collins & morris 1985 : 95 , hancock 1983 , miller & brown 1981 ) , placed with p . nitra ( d ' almeida 1966 : 203 ) , now presumed to represent a hybrid between p . machaon and p . polyxenes ( layberry et al . 1998 , sperling 1987 ) , or treated as conspecific with p . polyxenes ( fujioka et al . 1997 , scott 1986 , tyler et al . 1994 ) .\nkigoma [ graphium ( arisbe ) ] : originally described as a subspecies of g . almansor and subsequently also placed with g . poggianus ( ackery et al . 1995 , hancock 1985 ) , it has recently been accepted as a separate species due to constant differences in male genitalia and wing pattern by smith & vane - wright ( 2001 ) .\nkiritshenkoi [ parnassius ( koramius ) staudingeri ] : generally treated as conspecific with p . delphius ( ackery 1975 , bryk 1935 ) or p . staudingeri ( sorimachi 1995 , weiss 1992 ) ; recently listed as a separate species by tuzov et al . ( 1997 : 139 ) based on a sympatric occurence with p . staudingeri .\nkosii [ graphium ( graphium ) weiskei ] : recently described as a separate species from new ireland related to g . weiskei ( m\u00fcller & tennent 1999 ) ; despite differences in wing pattern and male genitalia it is provisionally retained here under g . weiskei due to its allopatric distribution .\nkotzebuea [ pachliopta ] : previously often regarded as concpecific with p . aristolochiae ( e . g . , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) , but more recently accepted as a separate species following the study by hiura & alagar ( 1971 ) , e . g . , by collins & morris ( 1985 ) , treadaway ( 1995 ) , and tsukada & nishiyama ( 1982 ) ; according to page & treadaway ( 1995 : 148 ) , this philippine species might be more closely related to p . polyphontes from sulawesi .\nlabeyriei [ parnassius ( tadumia ) maharaja ] : first described as a separate species and treated as such by chou ( 1994 ) and weiss ( 1992 ) , it is now regarded as conspecific with p . maharaja ( d ' abrera 1990 , h\u00e4user 1993 , ohya 1993 , sorimachi 1995 ) .\nlacandones [ protographium dioxippus ] : previously treated as a separate species ( e . g . , collins & morris 1985 , d ' almeida 1966 , de vries 1987 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) but recently regarded as conspecific with p . dioxippus by brown ( 1991 ) , llorente - bousquets et al . ( 1997 ) , and tyler et al . ( 1994 : 30 ) .\nlachinus [ meandrusa ] : often treated as conspecific with m . sciron ( chou 1994 , collins & morris 1985 , d ' abrera 1982 , hancock 1983 , munroe 1961 ) , but regarded as a distinct species by several authors ( corbet & pendlebury 1987 : 87 , rothschild 1895 , talbot 1939 ) ; this taxon appeared previously in the literature under the name of gyas westwood , which however is invalid as a junior primary homonym ( see above ) .\nleptocircini [ papilioninae ] : for the availability and correct usage of the tribal name , see smith & vane - wright ( 2001 : 506 - 508 ) .\nleucosilaus [ protesilaus ] : previously regarded as conspecific with p . molops by collins & morris ( 1985 ) and hancock ( 1983 : 20 ) , but treated as a separate species by brown ( 1991 ) , d ' almeida ( 1966 : 283 ) , and tyler et al . ( 1994 ) .\nleytensis [ pachliopta ] : this taxon has originally been proposed and sometimes subsequently been treated as a separate species from buraki / phegeus ( e . g . , tsukada & nishiyama 1982 : 277 ) , but the two taxa are linked by gradual intermediate forms and are thus now regarded as conspecific ( collins & morris 1985 , page & treadaway 1995 , treadaway 1995 : 96 - 97 ) ; therefore , leytensis can be used as the valid species name instead of phegeus which is invalid a a junior homonym ( see below ) .\nliponesco [ graphium ( arisbe ) ] : originally described as a subspecies of g . policenes and treated as such by most authors , it has been considered as conspecific with g . policenoides by ackery et al . ( 1995 ) and hancock ( 1986 ) , and is recently regarded as a separate species ( d ' abrera 1997 , larsen 1994 , smith & vane - wright 2001 ) .\nlitoreus [ parnassius ( driopa ) felderi ] : generally treated as conspecific with p . eversmanni or p . felderi ( e . g . , bryk 1935 , eisner 1974 , iwamoto & inomata 1988 , weiss 1999 ) , but it has been listed as a possibly distinct species by korshunov & gorbunov ( 1995 : 52 ) . unpublished results of genetic studies ( zakharov in prep . ) confirm the conspecifity of p . eversmanni and the taxa felderi and litoreus .\nliudongi [ parnassius ( koramius ) acdestis ] : recently described as a separate species closely related to p . acdestis ; in judging from the orginal description ( huang 1999 ) , the differences mentioned in male genitalia and female sphragis based on two specimens of each sex do not appear to warrant distinction at species level but rather seem to be within common margins of intraspecific variation .\nlongicaudata [ luehdorfia ] : a recently discovered taxon which partly coexists with l . chinensis and has thus generally been accepted as a separate species ( e . g . , fujioka et al . 1997 , igarashi & fukuda 1997 , kato 1998 , nos\u00e9 1990 , and watanabe 1996 ) ."]}
{"id": 609, "summary": [{"text": "nemophora cassiterites is a moth of the adelidae family or fairy longhorn moths .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by edward meyrick in 1907 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in india . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "nemophora cassiterites", "paragraphs": ["126 . nemonoxacin ( 1 ) 127 . nemontemi ( 1 ) 128 . nemonychidae ( 1 ) 129 . nemonymous ( 1 ) 130 . nemopanthus ( 1 ) 131 . nemopanthus mucronatus ( 1 ) 132 . nemophas ammiralis ( 1 ) 133 . nemophas batoceroides ( 1 ) 134 . nemophas bicinctus ( 1 ) 135 . nemophas cyanescens ( 1 ) 136 . nemophas tomentosus ( 1 ) 137 . nemophila aphylla ( 1 ) 138 . nemophila menziesii ' penny black ( 1 ) 139 . nemophila menziesii penny black ( 1 ) 140 . nemophila pedunculata ( 1 ) 141 . nemophiliac ( 1 ) 142 . nemophora ( 1 ) 143 . nemophora barbatellus ( 1 ) 144 . nemophora cassiterites ( 1 ) 145 . nemophora humilis ( 1 ) 146 . nemophora molella ( 1 ) 147 . nemophora ochsenheimerella ( 1 ) 148 . nemopilema ( 1 ) 149 . nemopilema nomurai ( 1 ) 150 . nemopipouche ( 1 )\nnemophora - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ninsect systematics & evolution . ( ejournal / emagazine , 2000 ) [ worldcat . org ]\nyour web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .\nyour list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .\nnote : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\ni thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : insect systematics & evolution . publisher : stenstrup , denmark : apollo books , 2000 - isbn / issn : 1399 - 560x oclc : 526026810\nfull text available 10 / 1 / 2009 - . ( due to publisher restrictions , the most recent 36 months are not available . ) .\nmacewan university access : 2009 - . most recent 3 year ( s ) not available .\nplease choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .\ninsect systematics & evolution ( online ) insect systematics & evolution . insect systematics and evolution\nyou may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .\nurltoken ; % 5fver = z39 . 88 - 2004 & ctx ; % 5fenc = info : ofi / enc : utf - 8 & rfr ; % 5fid = info : sid / sfxit . com : opac % 5f856 & url ; % 5fctx % 5ffmt = info : ofi / fmt : kev : mtx : ctx & sfx . ignore ; % 5fdate % 5fthreshold = 1 & rft . object ; % 5fid = 111018467303010 & svc ; % 5fval % 5ffmt = info : ofi / fmt : kev : mtx : sch % 5fsvc &\nurltoken ; _ ver = z39 . 88 - 2004 & rfr ; _ id = info % 3asid % 2fualberta . ca % 3aopac & rft . genre ; = journal & rft . object ; _ id = 111018467303010 & rft . issn ; = 1399 - 560x & rft . eissn ; = 1876 - 312x & rft ; _ val _ fmt = info % 3aofi % 2ffmt % 3akev % 3amtx % 3ajournal & url ; _ ctx _ fmt = info % 3aofi % 2ffmt % 3akev % 3amtx % 3actx & url ; _ ver = z39 . 88 - 2004\nurltoken ; = % 2295ds % 22 & scope ; = site & loginpage ; = cpidlogin . asp & custid ; = s9204635\ninsect systematics & evolution . / societas entomologica scandinavica . ; ; stenstrup , denmark : apollo books , 2000 -\nworldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more \u203a\u203a\ndon ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nthe following 200 pages are in this category , out of approximately 260 total . this list may not reflect recent changes ( learn more ) .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . , a non - profit organization .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\n( in parentheses is the number of dictionaries in which onelook found the word . )\n101 . nemoda boolya ( 1 ) 102 . nemode ( 1 ) 103 . nemoderma ( 1 ) 104 . nemodermatales ( 1 ) 105 . nemoe ( 1 ) 106 . nemoe karma ( 1 ) 107 . nemoed ( 1 ) 108 . nemoede ( 1 ) 109 . nemognathinae ( 1 ) 110 . nemoid ( 1 ) 111 . nemojov ( 1 ) 112 . nemokitty ( 1 ) 113 . nemoleontinae ( 1 ) 114 . nemolite ( 1 ) 115 . nemom ( 1 ) 116 . nemom railway station ( 1 ) 117 . nemoma ( 1 ) 118 . nemon oscar ( 1 ) 119 . nemonapride ( 1 ) 120 . nemond ( 1 ) 121 . nemone ( 1 ) 122 . nemone metaxas ( 1 ) 123 . nemonia ( 1 ) 124 . nemonimity ( 1 ) 125 . nemonite invasion ( 1 )\n176 . nemourid ( 1 ) 177 . nemourids ( 1 ) 178 . nemours auguste ( 1 ) 179 . nemours count ( 1 ) 180 . nemours foundation ( 1 ) 181 . nemours gaston de foix duc de ( 1 ) 182 . nemours jean - baptiste ( 1 ) 183 . nemours jean baptiste ( 1 ) 184 . nemours mansion and gardens ( 1 ) 185 . nemours pierre - louis ( 1 ) 186 . nemours pierre louis ( 1 ) 187 . nemowib ( 1 ) 188 . nemo\u0107 ( 1 ) 189 . nemo\u017en\u00fd ( 1 )"]}
{"id": 617, "summary": [{"text": "scutellina is a genus of small limpet-like sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family phenacolepadidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "scutellina is now a synonym of phenacolepas pilsbry , 1891 . ", "topic": 21}], "title": "scutellina", "paragraphs": ["species scutellina antillarum dall , 1889 accepted as plesiothyreus hamillei ( p . fischer , 1857 )\nspecies scutellina nobilis g . b . sowerby iii , 1905 accepted as phenacolepas cytherae ( lesson , 1831 )\nspecies scutellina navicelloides carpenter , 1856 accepted as phenacolepas osculans ( c . b . adams , 1852 ) ( uncertain synonym )\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : scutellina gruveli ( p . dautzenberg , 1929 ) - id : 5090000025\nkroh , a . & mooi , r . ( 2018 ) . world echinoidea database . scutellina . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 196258 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nkroh , a . & mooi , r . ( 2018 ) . world echinoidea database . scutellina incertae sedis \u2020 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 510833 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nspecies phenacolepas hamillei ( p . fischer , 1857 ) accepted as plesiothyreus hamillei ( p . fischer , 1857 )\nspecies phenacolepas mirabilis g . b . sowerby iii , 1910 accepted as phenacolepas cytherae ( lesson , 1831 )\nkroh , a . & smith , a . b . ( 2010 ) : the phylogeny and classification of post - palaeozoic echinoids . journal of systematic palaeontology , 8 / 2 : 147 - 212 . , available online at urltoken ; = 1477 - 2019 & volume ; = 8 & issue ; = 2 & spage ; = 147 page ( s ) : 172 [ details ]\ndautzenberg , ph . ( 1929 ) . contribution \u00e0 l ' \u00e9tude de la faune de madagascar : mollusca marina testacea . faune des colonies fran\u00e7aises , iii ( fasc . 4 ) . soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d ' editions g\u00e9ographiques , maritimes et coloniales : paris . 321 - 636 , plates iv - vii pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nclassification from world register of marine species ( worms ) selected by fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric ducarme - see more .\nmaggie whitson added the english common name\nkeyhole sand dollar\nto\nechinodiscus\n.\nmaggie whitson set\nechinodiscus bisperforatus\nas an exemplar on\nechinodiscus bisperforatus leske , 1778\n.\nmaggie whitson marked\nechinodiscus bisperforatus\nas visible on the\nechinodiscus bisperforatus leske , 1778\npage .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndurham , j . w . , h . b . fell , a . g . fischer , et al . / durham , j . wyatt , et al . / moore , raymond c . , ed .\ntreatise on invertebrate paleontology , part u , echinodermata 3 , vol . 1 and vol . 2\nthe echinoids chapter is split between two volumes : vol . 1 , pages u211 - u366 and vol . 2 , pages u367 - u640\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nparent taxon : fibulariidae according to j . f . carrasco and j . cardiel - lalueza 2015\nfull reference : e . haeckel . 1896 . systematische phylogenie der echinodermen . entwurf eines nat\u00fcrlichen systems der organismen auf grund ihrer stammesgeschichte . theil 2 . wirbellose thiere 348 - 504\nparent taxon : clypeasteroida according to a . kroh and a . b . smith 2010\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nkroh , a . & smith , a . b . ( 2010 ) : the phylogeny and classification of post - palaeozoic echinoids . journal of systematic palaeontology , 8 / 2 : 147 - 212 . , available online at urltoken ; = 1477 - 2019 & volume ; = 8 & issue ; = 2 & spage ; = 147 page ( s ) : appendix 3 [ details ]\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser ."]}
{"id": 619, "summary": [{"text": "mimacraea krausei , the krause 's acraea mimic , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in cameroon , the republic of the congo , the democratic republic of the congo , sudan , uganda , kenya and tanzania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of forests .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the larvae feed on lichens and moss growing on tree trunks .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they are dark sepia brown and reach a length of about 26 mm . ", "topic": 0}], "title": "mimacraea krausei", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for krausei definition . you find here krausei meaning , synonyms of krausei and images for krausei copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word krausei . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word krausei and , of course , krausei synonyms and on the right images related to the word krausei .\nmimacraea is a genus of butterflies in the family lycaenidae . the species of this genus are endemic to the afrotropical realm . as the name suggests , mimacraea species are mimics of species in the acraea genus and related genera .\nlibert , m , 2000 . \u0096 r\u00e9vision du genre mimacraea butler , avec description de quatre nouvelles esp\u00e8ces et deux nouvelles sous - esp\u00e8ces ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) , abri \u0096 lambillionea , 72 pp . , 8 pl .\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nan african forest - dwellng genus whose members mimic acraeine nymhalids . recorded larval hostplants include lichens and mosses .\nackery pr , smith cr , and vane - wright ri eds . 1995 . carcasson ' s african butterflies . canberra : csiro .\ncorrespondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 620, "summary": [{"text": "chionodes dammersi is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california and arizona .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae feed on eriogonum elongatum , eriogonum inflatum , eriogonum abrorescens , eriogonum fasciculatum , eriogonum grande , eriogonum latifolium and eriogonum parvifolium . ", "topic": 27}], "title": "chionodes dammersi", "paragraphs": ["dammersi ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 98 , 331\ngelechia dammersi keifer , 1936 ; calif . dept . agric . , bull . 25 : 242 , pl . 4 ; tl : palm springs , california\nchionodes dammersi ; [ nacl ] , # 2070 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 101 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes borzella bidzilya , 2000 ; beitr . ent . 50 ( 2 ) : 391\nchionodes soella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 21\nchionodes aprilella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 24\nchionodes flavipalpella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 33\nchionodes flavipalpella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes caucasiella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 34\nchionodes caucasiella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes frigidella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 50\nchionodes frigidella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes tantella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 64\nchionodes tantella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes attonita ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes ermolaevi bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 422 ; tl : sakhalin\nchionodes grandis clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : silverton , colorado\nchionodes tundra bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 421 ; tl : jamalo - nenetskiy ar\nchionodes pereyra clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : vero beach , florida\nchionodes stefaniae ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 699 ( list )\nchionodes decolorella ab . colorella ( caradja , 1920 ) , described as gelechia decolorella ab . colorella and recorded from the alai mountains\nchionodes salicella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 82 ; tl : skeena crossing , cassiar dist . , british colombia\nchionodes acerella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 78 ; tl : izman creek , kamloops distr . , british columbia\nchionodes tessa clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 246 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes canofusella clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 248 ; tl : encantada , brooks co . , texas\nchionodes bicolor clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 250 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes meridiochilensis king & montesinos , 2012 ; acta zool . cracov . 55 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : chile , region de biobio\nchionodes stefaniae schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 177 ; tl : galapagos , isabela , volcan darwin , 630m\nchionodes iridescens clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244 ; tl : american lake , pierce co . , washington\nchionodes pleroma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes scotodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes whitmanella clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 271 ; tl : pullmann , washington\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 6 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , gelechiinae ( part - chionodes )\nthe lepidoptera of white sands national monument , otero county , new mexico , usa 10 . a remarkable new white species of chionodes h\u00fcbner ( gelechiidae )\nchionodes sabinianae powell , 1959 ; ent . news 70 ( 5 ) : 127 ; tl : russelman park , mt diablo , contra costa co . , california\nchionodes soella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes aprilella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 141 , 31 ; [ fe ]\n= chionodes psilopterus ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes cusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 75 ; tl : alamosa , colorado\nchionodes offectus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 57 ; tl : boulder , colorado\nchionodes fimus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 76 ; tl : schrader lake , alaska\nchionodes is a genus of moths of the family gelechiidae . it is distributed throughout much of the world . the larvae of many species use the douglas fir as a host plant .\nchionodes tragicella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes luctuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 140 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes molitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 210 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 36 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes boreas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 43 - 44 ; tl : nordegg , alberta\nchionodes holosericella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 143 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes histon hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 61 ; tl : penticon creek , british columbia\nchionodes perpetuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 146 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes apolectella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 147 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hayreddini ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hinnella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes bastuliella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes nebulosella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 152 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes sagayica ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 63 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes nitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 84 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 59 ; tl : berkeley , alameda co , california\nchionodes oecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : palm springs , california\nchionodes lacticoma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes icriodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes litigiosa ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes pentadora ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes dryobathra ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 106 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes argosema ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes consona ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes eburata ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes salva ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes sepultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 60 ; tl : 6 mi nw newcastle , wyoming\nchionodes percultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 58 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 1 ; tl : washington mtns , near nogales , arizona\nchionodes plutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 91 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 69 ; tl : sanderson , terrell co . , texas\nchionodes nepos hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 71 ; tl : indio , riverside co . , california\nchionodes thyotes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 96 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : southmost , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes soter hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 39 - 41 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes ceryx hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : n key largo , florida\nchionodes rabula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 16 ; tl : parker island , highlands co . , florida\nchionodes cacula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 61 , 331 , pl . 5 , f . 1 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes emptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 17 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes drapeta hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 63 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 18 ; tl : key largo , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes paean hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 72 ; tl : jacumba , san diego co . , california\nchionodes cibus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 98 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 6 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes occlusus ; [ nacl ] , # 2101 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes suasor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 57 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 14 ; tl : huntsville state park , walker co . , texas\nchionodes esor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 19 ; tl : big pine key , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes tarmes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 66 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; tl : t2n r14w s31 , allegan co . , michigan\nchionodes macor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 88 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 62 ; tl : saratoga springs , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes irreptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 143 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 53 ; tl : garner state park , uvalde co . , texas\nchionodes restio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 148 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 58 - 59 ; tl : sonoma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes ludio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 152 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 64 ; tl : new lisbon , burlington co . , new jersey\nchionodes obelus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 186 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : hayfork ranger station , trinity co . , california\nchionodes kubai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 188 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 43 ; tl : pne hill , el dorado co . , california\nchionodes rectifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 199 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : pensacola , escambia co . , florida\nchionodes aleo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 71 ; tl : cedar pass campground , modoc co . , california\nchionodes rupex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 74 ; tl : green river lake , wind river range , wyoming\nchionodes fictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 58 ; tl : atigun pass & below , brooks range , alaska\nchionodes praecia hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : vineyard , utah co . , utah\nchionodes pulvis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 69 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : san bruno mtns , san mateo co . , california\nchionodes bios hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 191 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi n prescott , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes tannuolella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 32 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes lictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 62 ; tl : mt . shasta city , shasta co . , california\nchionodes procus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 70 ; tl : gran quivira national monument , socorro co . , new mexico\nchionodes lector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 121 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 25 - 26 ; tl : woodwardia canyon e , riverside co . , california\nchionodes sevir hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 137 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 24 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes baro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 144 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 54 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes popa hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 167 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : mint canyon , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes donatella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes petro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : 2 mi ne lakeside , san diego co . , california\nchionodes dolo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 198 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : dempster highway , km 155 , 1050m , yukon , canada\nchionodes praeco hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 209 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 34 - 35 ; tl : ocqueoc lake , presque isle co . , michigan\nchionodes manabiensis schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 180 ; tl : ecuador , manabi , parque nacional machalilla , los frailes , s 01\u00b029 . 340 ' , w 80\u00b046 . 868 40m\nchionodes hapsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 12 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes volo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 38 ; tl : fort davis , 5000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes landryi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 76 ; tl : lost river valley , 10 km s onefour , alberta , cadana\nchionodes factor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 60 ; tl : big bear lake , 6800 , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes trico hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 45 - 46 ; tl : hardy work center , lawrence co . , south dakoa\nchionodes impes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 227 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 70 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : kamiak butte , washington\nchionodes sannio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 70 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes stator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 32 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes meddix hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 73 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; tl : clear creek camp , se camp verde , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes pavor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; tl : camp baldy , san bernardino mtns , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes pacator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 53 ; tl : mt lowe , san gabriel mtns , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes regens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 61 ; tl : hackberry lake , valenine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes morus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 103 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 22 ; tl : ciervo hills , 18 mi sw medota , fresno co . , califoria\nchionodes cautor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 142 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 52 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes mikkolai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; tl : carmacks , 62\u00b005 ' n , 136\u00b020 ' w , yukon , canada\nchionodes franclemonti hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 65 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 2 - 4 ; tl : wrangle brook road , lakehurst , ocean co . , new jersey\nchionodes sanator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 60 ; tl : sw res sta , 5400 , chiricahua mts , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes repertor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 65 ; tl : 7 mi e jacob lake , coconino co . , 6800 ' , arizona\nchionodes adamas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 61 - 63 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes elainae hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 50 ; tl : onion saddle , 7600 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes hospes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 61 - 62 ; tl : 9 mi sw atascadero , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes sponsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 81 ; tl : sierra diable wildlife management area , 6400 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes theurgis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 213 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi sw buean vista , 8700 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes imber hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine nationa wildlife reserve , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes naevus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 77 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 41 ; tl : cave creek canyon , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes davisi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 78 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 42 ; tl : southwest research station , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes delitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 58 ; tl : k bar ranch , chisos mtns , 3400 ' , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes bardus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 99 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : santa barbara island , channel island national park , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes metoecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 125 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 32 - 34 ; tl : snake creek , 3 mi nw midway , wasatch co . , utah\nchionodes optio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 154 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 32 ; tl : mt locke , davis mtns , 6700 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes agriodes ; [ nacl ] , # 2059 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes bustosorum metzler , 2016 ; zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 373 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . mon . , 106\u00b01 . 38 ' w ; 32\u00b046 . 60 ' n 4 , 000 '\nchionodes powelli hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ; tl : snake lake , 4 mi nw quincy , 4000 ' , plumas co . , california\nchionodes abavus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 64 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mts , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes obex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 39 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes munifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 76 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 40 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes sabinianae ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 48 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes rector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 56 - 57 ; tl : 5 mi n buena vista , 8200 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes fremor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes lusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 130 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 42 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes erro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 134 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 23 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes altor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 141 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 30 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes pinax hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 149 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 60 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes messor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 153 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 65 ; tl : 1 mi ne san marcos pass , 1500 ' , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes magirus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 157 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 34 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes gestor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 159 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 74 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes bibo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 162 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 3 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes luror hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 51 ; tl : west fork , 6500 ' , 16 mi sw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes gratus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 28 ; tl : big timber canyon , 6500 ' , half moon park , crazy mts . , montana\nchionodes senica hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 79 ; tl : hart prairie , 8500 ' , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes dator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 80 ; tl : louis lake , 28 mi sw lander , 8600 ' , fremont co . , wyoming\nchionodes ustor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 32 ; tl : bridger forest camp , 7500 ' , wind river mtns , sublette co . , wyoming\nchionodes rogator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 82 - 83 ; tl : mosca creek , great sand dunes national monument , alamosa co . , colorado\nchionodes veles hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 212 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 84 ; tl : castles , 8 mi e buena vista , 8800 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes gerdius hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 87 ; tl : oso flaco lake , 5 mi s oceano , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes latro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 68 - 69 ; tl : lake delancy , ocala national forest read 75 , mario co . , florida\nchionodes rhombus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 105 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 9 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350\u00e4 , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes tributor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 48 ; tl : ozena camp , cuyama river , 1 mi e hiway 33 , ventura co . , california\nchionodes ensis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : head of ephraim canyon , 10000 - 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes nubilella ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 35 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes donahueorum hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : mt washington district , 840 ' , los angeles , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes parens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 136 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes adam hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 140 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes nubis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 156 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 67 - 68 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes innox hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 158 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 69 - 73 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes canofusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2066 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes psilopterus ; [ nacl ] , # 2111 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes metallicus ; [ nacl ] , # 2094 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 59 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes canor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 25 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes abitus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 56 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : cold creek , 5 mi s buck creek ranger station , 6300 ' , modoc co . , california\nchionodes lactans hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 74 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes fructuarius ; [ nacl ] , # 2078 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes luteogeminatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2091 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes helicostictus ; [ nacl ] , # 2083 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 18 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pallor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 197 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 20 - 21 ; tl : fort valley , 7350 ' , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes nigrobarbatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2097 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 223 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 65 - 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes praetor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 67 , pl . 4 , f . 90 ; tl : head ephraim canyon , 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes permactus ; [ nacl ] , # 2106 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes violacea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 25 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes distinctella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 42 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 148 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes clarkei hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 71 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : steens mt . , fish lake , 7100 , harney co . , oregon\nchionodes electella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 52 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes fumatella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 59 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 153 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes ignorantella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 65 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 154 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes argentipunctella ; [ nacl ] , # 2061 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 11 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes gilvomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2080 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes periculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2105 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes xanthophilella ; [ nacl ] , # 2125 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes sistrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2116 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 73 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes hodgesorum metzler , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . monument , edge of dunes habitat , 106\u00b011 . 32 ' w , 32\u00b045 . 72 ' n , 4000 '\nchionodes paralogella ; [ nacl ] , # 2103 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 13 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes salicella ; [ nacl ] , # 2114 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 120 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acerella ; [ nacl ] , # 2057 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 124 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes terminimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2117 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 132 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes pastor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 155 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 66 , pl . 4 , f . 33 ; tl : great basin exp staion nr ephraim , 8850 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2076 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 160 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pseudofondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2110 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 161 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes mariona ; [ nacl ] , # 2092 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 168 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes halycopa ; [ nacl ] , # 2082 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 171 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes hibiscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2084 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 190 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes aristella ; [ nacl ] , # 2062 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 56 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes mongolica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hostis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 122 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : major ' s flat near ephraim canyon , oak / pinyon junipre zone , 7100 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fuscomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 6 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes bicostomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 7 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes lophosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2089 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 67 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 21 - 23 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes nanodella ; [ nacl ] , # 2095 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes abella ; [ nacl ] , # 2055 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 43 - 47 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes kincaidella ; [ nacl ] , # 2086 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 87 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pinguicula ; [ nacl ] , # 2109 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 67 - 68 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes dentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2071 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 74 - 75 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes abdominella ; [ nacl ] , # 2054 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 2 - 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes notandella ; [ nacl ] , # 2098 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 19 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes ochreostrigella ; [ nacl ] , # 2102 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 104 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 7 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes thoraceochrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2119 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 117 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 13 - 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes chrysopyla ; [ nacl ] , # 2068 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 119 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes obscurusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2099 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 123 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 27 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes occidentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2100 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 127 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 35 - 37 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes trichostola ; [ nacl ] , # 2120 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 135 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 47 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acrina ; [ nacl ] , # 2058 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 139 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 25 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes secutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 146 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 55 , pl . 4 , f . 31 ; tl : davis mnts , 5 mi se livermore , 6000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes trophella ; [ nacl ] , # 2121 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 147 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 56 - 57 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes discoocellella ; [ nacl ] , # 2072 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 170 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes ceanothiella ; [ nacl ] , # 2067 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 187 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 42 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes aruns hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 18 , pl . 4 , f . 44 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes retiniella ; [ nacl ] , # 2112 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 48 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes arenella ; [ nacl ] , # 2060 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 52 - 53 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes figurella ; [ nacl ] , # 2073 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 194 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes braunella ; [ nacl ] , # 2065 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 225 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 91 - 93 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes flavicorporella ; [ nacl ] , # 2074 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 229 , pl . 3 , f . 72 - 73 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes sattleri hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 218 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 54 - 56 , pl . 4 , f . 89 ; tl : bog e of big indian lake , halifax watershed , halifax co . , nova scotia\nchionodes ( gelechiini ) ; [ me3 ] , 137 , 31 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 704 , 699 ( list ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes johnstoni ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 81 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 51 - 52 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes formosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes praeclarella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 200 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 64 - 67 ; [ me3 ] , 144 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes mediofuscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2093 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 131 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 43 - 45 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes iridescens ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 2085 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 10 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pereyra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 109 ; [ nacl ] , # 2104 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 163 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes grandis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 2081 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes tessa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 137 ; [ nacl ] , # 2118 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes petalumensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 111 ; [ nacl ] , # 2107 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 164 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 38 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes bicolor ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 2063 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 29 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes whitmanella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; [ nacl ] , # 2124 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 31 , pl . 4 , f . 77 - 78 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes viduella ; [ nacl ] , # 2123 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 54 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 215 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 49 ; [ me3 ] , 32 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes continuella ; [ nacl ] , # 2069 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 37 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 52 - 53 , pl . 4 , f . 88 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16 ; [ fe ]\n= ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 15 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 , 331\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331\nnova scotia , sw . manitoba , north carolina , missouri . see [ maps ]\n= gelechia vernella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 884\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nlarva on quercus imrbricaria ? q . rubra , q . velutina , q . alba , ostrya virginiana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52\ncalifornia , oregon , washington , texas , oklahoma , arkansas , louisiana , mississippi , florida . see [ maps ]\nlarva on quercus lobata , q . kelloggii , q . garryana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52\nnova scotia , quebec - florida , sw . wisconsin , e . texas , e . oklahoma . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nlarva on quercus macrocarpa , q . rubra , fagus grandifolia , carya hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53\n= ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 879 ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15"]}
{"id": 626, "summary": [{"text": "halobates or sea skaters are a genus with over 40 species of water striders .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "while many are coastal , about five of these are able to survive and stand on the surface of the open ocean , a habitat containing very few insect species .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "they are predators , coastal species feeding mainly on fallen terrestrial insects while the oceanic species feed on plankton .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the coastal species lay their eggs on rocks near the shore , the oceanic species attach their egg masses on floating objects such as cuttlebone , feathers and plastic waste .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "species are found around the world , commonly near the equator .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "most are tiny , the body length being about half a centimeter but with long legs of up to 2 centimeters .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "they are wingless and the abdomen is short and compressed compared to the length of the thorax .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "gravid females may appear to have an elongated abdomen .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "they were first collected by johann friedrich von eschscholtz , a doctor who was part of a russian expedition aboard the rurik between 1815 and 1818 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "some species of storm petrel actively feed on halobates , sometimes splashing the water with their feet to attract or detect sea striders .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the five pelagic species of halobates are h. micans , h. germanus , h. sericeus , h. splendens and h. sobrinus of which the last four are found only in the pacific ocean .", "topic": 7}, {"text": "the only species with a wide distribution is halobates micans , which is found in the indian and atlantic oceans .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "a fossil species h. ruffoi is known from 45-million-year-old deposits in verona , italy .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "close relatives of the genus include austrobates and asclepios . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "halobates", "paragraphs": ["reconstructing the evolutionary and ecological history of the sea skaters halobates spp . ( heteroptera : gerridae )\nthe fragments make it easier for the marine insect halobates sericeus to lay its eggs out over the ocean .\nthe marine insect halobates sericeus , also known as a\nsea skater\nor\noceanic water strider .\nreconstructing the evolutionary and ecological history of the sea skaters halobates spp . ( heteroptera : gerridae ) [ peerj preprints ]\nms goldstein explained :\nwe thought there might be fewer halobates if there ' s more plastic - that there might be some sort of toxic effect . but , actually , we found the opposite . in the areas that had the most plastic , we found the most halobates .\nthe team found a strong association between the presence of halobates and the micro - plastic in a way that was just not evident in the data from 40 years ago .\nherring , j . l . ( 1961 ) . the genus halobates ( hemiptera : gerridae ) . pacific insects . 3 : 223 \u2013305 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nso , they ' re obviously congregating around this plastic , laying their eggs on it , and hatching out from it . for halobates , all this plastic has worked out well for them .\nexamples of a not - yet - hatched sea skater ( halobates sericeus ) egg attached to a piece of plastic ( at the top of the image ) , about the size of a grain of rice , and a hatched egg ( bottom ) .\nthe sea strider , halobates sericeus , is related to pond striders seen in freshwater lakes . it usually lays its eggs on floating objects in the ocean , like seashells , seabird feathers , tar lumps and pumice . the researchers compared recently collected plastic to that collected in 1972 under a microscope .\nandersen , n . m . ; cheng , l . ( 2004 ) . the marine insect halobates ( heteroptera : gerridae ) : biology , adaptations , distribution and phylogeny . oceanogr . mar . biol . ann . rev . 42 : 119 - 180 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nikawa , t . ; okabe , h . ; cheng , l . ( 2012 ) . skaters of the seas \u2013 comparative ecology of nearshore and pelagic halobates species ( hemiptera : gerridae ) , with special reference to japanese species mar . biol . res . 8 ( 10 ) : 915 - 936 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nthe genus halobates includes the only five insect species that have been successful in a pelagic marine environment . different scenarios of independent colonization events of that environment have been proposed , considering the appearance of pelagic distribution in several non - sister clades in the phylogeny of the genus . in this paper , we aim to update the phylogenetic hypothesis under the criterion of bayesian inference , calibrate a molecular clock using the only fossil described in the genus and also analyze the diversity pattern of the lineage since its divergence . high support values were found in the phylogenetic reconstruction , which tend to decrease with an increase of the distances from the root . low supports for the most derived clades or relatively recent divergences cast doubt on the delimitation of some species . although the divergence time for halobates was estimated at 42 . 01 mya ( \u00b1 8 . 13 ) the emergence of the lineage probably happened a few million years before , so the estimated time of divergence probably also marked the start of diversification of the marine lineages of this genus . since divergence , the richness of genus showed continuous linear growth for approximately 24 . 4 my , when the lineages began to diversify more quickly with a significantly lower extinction rate . the colonization of the pelagic environment which occurred nearly 42 mya , could also have been the starting point of the colonization of the marine pelagic environment when changes in their morphology , physiology and behaviour enabled them to exploit novel ecological niches . ancestors of pelagic marine insects probably inhabited areas close to the seacoast more than 41 mya ago . the ecological history of halobates was probably not limited to a pair of open water colonization events as indicated by earlier proposals . we hypothesize instead that at least three independent events of open water colonization by halobates species have occurred . in this sense , the ecological character of coastal or pelagic distribution is considered to be a homoplasic character without direct implications on the net diversification of halobates .\nmany colleagues contributed to andersen\u2019s research on halobates and other marine water striders by donating material , cooperating on various projects , etc . in particular , he wished to thank lanna cheng ( scripps institution of oceanography , uc san diego , la jolla ) , john t . polhemus ( englewood , colorado ) , william a . foster ( university museum , cambridge , u . k . ) , tom a . weir ( csiro entomology , canberra ) , jakob damgaard ( zoological institute & museum , copenhagen university ) , and felix a . h . sperling ( university of alberta , edmonton ) . this research was supported by grants from the danish natural science research council , 1990 - 2001 .\nthe quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north - east pacific ocean has increased a hundred fold over the past 40 years .\nscientists from the scripps institution of oceanography documented the big rise when they trawled the waters off california .\nthey were able to compare their plastic\ncatch\nwith previous data for the region .\nwe did not expect to find this ,\nsays scripps researcher miriam goldstein .\nwhen you go out into the north pacific , what you find can be highly variable . so , to find such a clear pattern and such a large increase was very surprising ,\nshe told bbc news .\nall the plastic discarded into the ocean that does not sink will eventually break down .\nsunlight and the action of the waves will degrade and shred the material over time into pieces the size of a fingernail , or smaller .\nan obvious concern is that this micro - material could be ingested by marine organisms , but the scripps team has noted another , perhaps unexpected , consequence .\nthese\nsea skaters\nor\nwater striders\n- relatives of pond water skaters - need a platform for the task .\nnormally , this might be seabird feathers , tar lumps or even pieces of pumice rock . but it is clear from the trawl results that h . sericeus has been greatly aided by the numerous plastic surfaces now available to it in the pacific .\nms goldstein and colleagues gathered their information on the abundance of micro - plastic during the scripps environmental accumulation of plastic expedition ( seaplex ) off california in 2009 . they then compared their data with those from other scientific cruises , including archived records stretching back to the early 1970s .\nthe natural circulation of water - the north pacific gyre - tends to retain the debris in reasonably discrete , long - lived collections , which have popularly become known as\ngarbage patches\n. in the north - eastern pacific , one of these concentrations is seen in waters between hawaii and california .\nthis scripps study follows another report by colleagues at the institution that showed 9 % of the fish collected during the same seaplex voyage had plastic waste in their stomachs .\nthat investigation , published in marine ecology progress series , estimated the fish at intermediate ocean depths in the north pacific ocean could be ingesting plastic at a rate of roughly 12 , 000 to 24 , 000 tonnes per year .\ntoxicity is the issue most often raised in relation to this type of pollution , but ms goldstein and colleagues say broader ecosystem effects also need to be studied .\nthe abundance of ocean debris will influence the success , or otherwise , of\nrafting communities\n- those species that are specifically adapted to life on or around objects floating in the water .\nbigger creatures would include barnacles and crabs , and even fish that like to live under some kind of cover , but large - scale change would likely touch even the smallest organisms .\nthe study raises an important issue , which is the addition of hard surfaces to the open ocean ,\nsays ms goldstein .\nin the north pacific , for example , there ' s no floating seaweed like there is in the sargasso sea in the north atlantic . and we know that the animals , the plants and the microbes that live on hard surfaces are different to the ones that live floating around in the water .\nso , what plastic has done is add hundreds of millions of hard surfaces to the pacific ocean . that ' s quite a profound change .\nms goldstein ' s co - authors were marci rosenberg , a student at the university of california los angeles , and scripps research biologist emeritus lanna cheng .\ndebris tends to collect within the north pacific subtropical convergence zone . ocean eddies and other small ocean circulation features will further aggregate material into more discrete\ngarbage patches\nthe foreign secretary quits , telling theresa may\nneedless self - doubt\nis leading to\nsemi - brexit\n.\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nyou may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server . please enable scripts and reload this page .\nit looks like your browser does not have javascript enabled . please turn on javascript and try again .\nices provides scientific advice on the marine ecosystem to governments and international regulatory bodies that manage the north atlantic ocean and adjacent seas .\n\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200byou will find the latest official ices advice on this page . you can also search for our advice by species and ecoregions in the publications library .\neu - long - term management strategy for southern horse mackerel ( trachurus trachurus ) in ices division 9 . a\neu - sentinel fishery for norway lobster ( nephrops ) in functional unit 25 , division 8 . c\nlong - term management strategies for norway pout in ices subarea 4 ( north sea ) and division 3 . a ( skagerrak\u2013kattegat )\nbycatch of small cetaceans and other marine animals \u2013 review of national reports under council regulation ( ec ) no . 812 / 2004 and other information\neu - evaluation of the recovery plan for herring in divisions 6 . a and 7 . b\u2013c\neu - fmsy range for whiting in subarea 4and division 7 . d ( north sea and eastern english channel )\neu - in - year advice on haddock ( melanogrammus aeglefinus ) in division 7 . a ( irish sea )\neu - in - year advice for anchovy ( engraulis encrasicolus ) in division 9 . a ( atlantic iberian waters )\neu - in - year advice for anchovy ( engraulis encrasicolus ) in dvision 9 . a ( atlantic iberian waters ) , december 2017\neu - review the advice for alfonsinos / golden eye perch ( beryx spp . ) in the northeast atlantic\neu - stock unit definition and an increase ininter - area quota flexibility from 2 to 5 % for pollack in ices subarea 7 and divisions8 . a\u2013b , d\u2013e\niceland - evaluation of the harvest control rule for tusk in subarea 14 and division 5 . a\niceland - evaluation of harvest control rules for a management plan for icelandic summer - spawning herring ( division 5 . a )\neu request to ices on in - year advice for anchovy ( engraulis encrasicolus ) in division 9 . a ( atlantic iberian waters )\neu - scientific monitoring fishery for herring in ices divisions 6 . a , 7 . b , and 7 . c\neu - technical service - review of a proposal of an in - yeartac adjustment for 2016 for skates and rays ( srx ) in division 7 . d\nhelcom - technical service - review of the balticboost wp3 . 2 tool to assess the impact of fisheries on seafloor habitats\nnorway - management strategy evaluation for the pandalus fishery in subdivision 3 . a . 20 ( skagerrak ) and division 4 . a east ( norwegian deep )\nthe great pacific garage patch is giving sea striders a place to breed out on the open ocean , changing the natural environment there , new research suggests .\nthe great pacific garbage patch , known to scientists as the north pacific subtropial gyre , is a large patch of mulched up plastic and other garbage , often said to be the size of texas , floating in the pacific ocean .\nthis paper shows a dramatic increase in plastic over a relatively short time period and the effect it ' s having on a common north pacific gyre invertebrate ,\nstudy researcher miriam goldstein , graduate student at the university of california san diego , said in a statement .\nwe ' re seeing changes in this marine insect that can be directly attributed to the plastic .\nthey found that the number of pieces of plastic less than 0 . 2 inches ( 5 millimeters ) in diameter increased about 100 times over the past 40 years . they also found that these tiny plastic pieces gave sea striders more room to lay their eggs , leading to much higher densities of the invertebrate in the garbage patch .\nby giving these insects a place to breed out on the open ocean , the plastic patch is changing the natural environment and could be having an impact on the local food web , the researchers said . this is exactly what they ' ve been worried about , goldstein said . [ video : humans hit the oceans hard ]\nit ' s a general pattern throughout the ocean that the animals that live on hard surfaces are different than the animals that live on soft surfaces , or in the water column . all this plastic has added a lot of hard surfaces to an ecosystem that historically has very few ,\ngoldstein told livescience in an email .\nresearchers collected an alarming amount of small bits of broken down plastic floating across thousands of miles of open ocean .\nthis could be a\ngood\nthing for the insect ' s main predator , crabs , increasing their numbers \u2014 but such a large change could disrupt the oceanic food web , the researchers said . and the items that the insect eats , including tiny animals like zooplankton and fish eggs , could take a big population hit .\nthe garbage patch community seems to have a very low amount of biodiversity , goldstein said , which isn ' t a great thing :\nwe ' re concerned that this might change the flow of energy in this ecosystem , potentially favoring the low - biodiversity rafting community at the expense of the high - biodiversity water column community .\nyou can follow livescience staff writer jennifer welsh on twitter , on google + or on facebook . follow livescience for the latest in science news and discoveries on twitter and on facebook .\njennifer welsh graduated from the university of california , santa cruz ' s science communication graduate program after working at a start up biotech company for three years after getting her bachelor of science in biological sciences from the university of notre dame . she has worked at wiredscience , the scientist and discover magazine before joining the live science team .\nelon musk ' s plan to rescue trapped thai boys ? a kiddie submarine that looks like a coffin .\nthe evolutionary success of insects on land is unparalleled among the metazoans . although many insects occur in marine habitats , the only oceanic habitat colonized by insects is the sea - air interface .\n( hemiptera - heteroptera , gerridae ) are widespread in tropical oceans and both adults and juveniles spend their entire lives on the sea surface . there are an additional 4 1\nspecies in sheltered , coastal marine waters throughout the tropical indo - pacific . after being largely ignored by biologists for decades , sea skaters have recently become much better known and their taxonomy , phylogeny , biology , ecology , and biochemistry have been widely studied .\npeerj preprints\nis a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review . data may be preliminary .\nthis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed . for attribution , the original author ( s ) , title , publication source ( peerj preprints ) and either doi or url of the article must be cited .\ncristian rom\u00e1n palacios conceived and designed the experiments , performed the experiments , analyzed the data , contributed reagents / materials / analysis tools , wrote the paper , prepared figures and / or tables , reviewed drafts of the paper .\ndaniela moraga lopez conceived and designed the experiments , performed the experiments , analyzed the data , contributed reagents / materials / analysis tools , wrote the paper , prepared figures and / or tables , reviewed drafts of the paper .\nbefore adding feedback , consider if it can be asked as a question instead , and if so then use the question tab . pointing out typos is fine , but authors are encouraged to accept only substantially helpful feedback .\nfollowing\nis like subscribing to any updates related to a preprint . these updates will appear in your home dashboard each time you visit peerj .\nyou can also choose to receive updates via daily or weekly email digests . if you are following multiple preprints then we will send you no more than one email per day or week based on your preferences .\nnote : you are now also subscribed to the subject areas of this preprint and will receive updates in the daily or weekly email digests if turned on . you can add specific subject areas through your profile settings .\npeerj feeds - atom | rss 1 . 0 | rss 2 . 0 | json peerj computer science feeds - atom | rss 1 . 0 | rss 2 . 0 | json peerj preprint feeds - atom | rss 1 . 0 | rss 2 . 0 | json archives - peerj | peerj computer science | peerj preprints\n\u00a92012 - 2018 peerj , inc | public user content licensed cc by 4 . 0 unless otherwise specified .\nthis site requires the use of cookies to function . it also uses cookies for the purposes of performance measurement . please see our privacy policy .\ncheng , l . ( ed . ) . ( 1976 ) . marine insects . north - holland publishing company : amsterdam , the netherlands . isbn 0 - 444 - 11213 - 8 . xii , 581 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\ncheng , l . ; hill , d . s . ( 1982 ) . marine insects of hong kong . in : morton b , editor . proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop : the marine flora and fauna of hong kong and southern china . hong kong university press , hong kong . 1 : 173 - 183 . [ details ]"]}
{"id": 637, "summary": [{"text": "homing ( foaled 1975 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and sire .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "although he never won at group one race , he established himself as the leading horse in europe over one mile in 1978 .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "his early form was moderate , but in the autumn of his three-year-old season he made dramatic improvement to record wide margin victories in the prix du rond point and the queen elizabeth ii stakes .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "he was retired from racing at the end of the season , having won six of his fourteen races , and had modest success as a breeding stallion . ", "topic": 14}], "title": "homing ( horse )", "paragraphs": ["our group has a number of beautiful horses available for fostering and re - homing to their forever home .\nsaffyre sanctuary offers a re - homing service for those horses we are unable to physically take in at our location . our compassionate re - homing service provides assistance to horse owners who are going through financial hardships , foreclosures , illness , relocations , and other adversities .\nyou\u2019ll find full details about our re - homing process here but please don\u2019t hesitate to contact us if you have any further questions .\nthey seem to have a very strong homing ability which i guess comes from their need to find their home pastures etc in the wild .\nthere is a certain amount of risk involved with re - homing a horse with a traumatic past . nicola was fortunate that a family member was willing to take jigsaw on .\nas much as i love my tb , i doubt he ' d have the same road sense or homing instincts as my dear old section d .\nonce the contract has been exchanged and the re - homing fee received by the btrc you can make the arrangements for transporting the horse . you will be responsible for the cost of transport and for all the costs of keeping the horse thereafter .\nhorse and hound forums > horse & hound online forum > the tack room > rehoming a horse . . . . . . have you ?\nwe will use all of our available resources to place your horse , including internet postings , screening potential adopters , reference checks , and adopter site inspections . when choosing us for your re - homing needs , you can rest assured that your horse will be protected under our standard\nonce the contract has been exchanged and the re - homing fee received by the h . a . c . k . you can make the arrangements for transporting the horse . you will be responsible for the cost of transport and for all the costs of keeping the horse thereafter .\nby the time your horse is ready for its new loan home the charity will have invested a considerable amount of time and money into the horse . for this reason , we ask loaners to pay a non - refundable re - homing fee when the horse is taken from the btrc and for our loaners to become a committed giver .\nif you are interested in our re - homing service , please download the forms on this page to review our terms and assess whether we are able to assist you . thank you for your confidence in our organization and allowing us to help you and your horse !\n, so by the time the horse is fit to go to a loan home a considerable amount of time , energy , and money has been invested in it . we ask loaners to pay a non - refundable re - homing fee when the horse is taken from the h . a . c . k . horse sanctuary of \u00a3500 horse - \u00a3150 - \u00a3250 pony , a requirement is that loaners should at all times have third party , public liability and vet fees insurance for the horse .\nour goal is to place your horses as quickly as possible . however , we do not offer any guarantee that we can do that , or in what time frame . we encourage owners to continue to locate other avenues to safely place their horse , while we assist in the re - homing process . though we never want to see a horse in a detrimental situation , please note that we are unable to assist owners who wish to use our re - homing service because they do not want to spend the time or money to rehabilitate an ill or lame horse . we insist on owner responsibility before anything else .\npurchase is a finalist in the thoroughbred care and welfare category for the third time , this year joined by jane gollan , who made the final two for her work in re - homing almost every horse that retires from the stable of her husband , queensland ' s premier trainer tony gollan .\nwhen you have found your perfect match we will arrange a pre homing visit to the premises where the horse will be kept . we are not looking for perfection but good husbandry , a secure , safe and loving home . we will request two references per loaner to ensure the home is suitable .\nthis age of disposable things should not apply to animals . if anyone can take a horse , or knows someone who can , please consider rehoming a horse from world horse welfare .\nalso from the weir stable is lee purchase who , among other roles in the trainer ' s team , is credited with re - homing hundreds of the stable ' s retired racehorses into post - racing equestrian and pleasure careers in recent years .\nyou ' ve heard of homing pigeons ; now meet basil , the homing horse . the welsh cob fled his new stables at night by sliding a bolt with his teeth , he jumped a fence and trotted 3 miles down a main road - padding 14 different turn offs - to the farm in cilybebyll , south wales , where owner emily evans , 12 , lives .\nemily ' s only ridden him home from the stables once ,\nsaid her father , lyn ,\nhow he memorisd the route i just don ' t know . we ' re well out of the way\n\u2013 a horse or pony which is usually a long - term project requiring a highly experienced rehomer . see individual horse\u2019s details for more information .\nthere is a waiting list for ride able animals but as we try our best to match the right borrower to the right animal , not everyone has a long wait ! we have three sub categories of re - homing ride - able , companion ( non - ridden ) and fostering .\nother state - based programs include tasracing\u2019s off the track program , which also appears to be newly established without much information available ( though they do have a facebook page ) ; and queensland\u2019s racehorse rehab , started in 2013 and dedicated to re - homing racehorses , but not industry affiliated .\nas soon as a horse is enlisted into our program , our work begins .\nyour wants , needs think through your motivation and goals for adopting a horse .\nthis article originally appeared in the august 2010 issue of horse & rider magazine .\nyou will then become part of our guardian home network with access to support and advice whenever needed . you can expect our re - homing team to visit you at regular intervals to ensure that all is well and both you and your horse or pony are enjoying each other\u2019s company . you can of course contact us at any time should you have any questions or require further advice .\nyou will then sign a contract laying down the terms and conditions of the loan . this is devised to safeguard all concerned , primarily the welfare of the horse . the horse remains the property of the h . a . c . k . horse sanctuary\nview full version : rehoming a horse . . . . . . have you ?\nif you require more about loaning a horse from the btrc please call 01524 812649 .\nby : clydesdale horse society of great britain and ireland . published : ( 1878 )\nby : clydesdale horse society of great britain & ireland . published : ( 1998 )\nstate horse councils or boards vary tremendously in their missions and programs . one example is the pennsylvania equine council . see what your state horse council or board has to offer .\neach horse is taken in as a\nfirst come , first serve\n. this is why adoption is extremely important . once a horse is adopted at our facility , we can accept another horse who needs to enter right away . when enlisting a horse - we will personally meet with each owner , trainer and horse being offered to our program at either your farm or at the track ( we do hold licenses for local tracks ) .\ni experienced the same kind of thing . a girl at our stables had a horse on trial . i was having a chat at another stables - between my stables and the horse ' s original home - when i heard the clatter of horse feet on the road , coming from a major a road . we chased after the horse but lost it .\n\u2013 suitable for both ridden & driven work . see individual horse\u2019s details for more information .\nthe important thing is not to wait until the last minute to try to rehome your horse ! making a responsible choice for your horse\u2019s future takes time and effort , and the last thing you want to do is make a hasty decision that puts your horse at risk .\nthe horse in question you & apos ; ve found a facility you can trust . now apply equal diligence in checking out any horse you & apos ; re considering for adoption .\nby : hunters ' improvement and national light horse breeding society . published : ( 1887 )\ncreate an effective ad . we\u2019ve all laughed at horrible sale ads on craigslist , with their misspellings , poor grammar , and photographs of scruffy , unwashed horses . this is no way to sell a horse , and frankly , your horse deserves better than that . craft your ad with care and include details that showcase your horse\u2019s personality , including what makes him special and valuable . be honest about your horse\u2019s strengths and shortcomings ; witholding information or misleading buyers is risky and could negatively impact your horse\u2019s future . an honest presentation of your horse\u2014both his good and not - so - good points\u2014will help ensure your horse will be appreciated for who he is .\neach horse turned into our program is reviewed individually . each horse is evaluated with a physical assessment that involves weight management , soundness and athletic ability . upon this assessment , the horse moves onto the next phase that will determine the type of rider as well as a suited discipline that will safely suit the horse . at this time we create nutrition , supplement and fitness programs .\ndonating your horse can be an option for certain horses with special skills but it\u2019s not necessarily the easiest method for rehoming a horse . nonetheless , here are a few possibilities to look into :\nsending your horse to auction or a feedlot . in western washington , sending a horse to auction means sending it to a livestock auction . it may be tempting to tell yourself that your horse will probably be purchased by someone nice , but you can\u2019t control who gets your horse at the livestock auction . kill buyers attend these auctions to bid on low cost horses . the horses that leave with those buyers are hauled straight to canada to be slaughtered for their meat . horse slaughter is not a humane method for disposing of an unwanted horse . not only is the manner of death inhumane and often ineffective , what the horses experience on their way to the slaughter house is unacceptably cruel . please don\u2019t risk letting this happen to your horse . selling a horse yourself is a lot more work , but it gives you a measure of control over your horse\u2019s future .\n\u200b\u200bthis is a one time fee that allows us the properly care for your horse until adoption .\nif at any time trrac attends an auction that a horse is obtained privately , that horse will be sent to a private , off - site quarantine facility , with veterinarian follow up treatment as protocol . as the horse is immediately received , the horse will receive the utmost medical care including coggins , vaccinations , farrier care and nutritional plans . each horse pulled from an auction will be fully assessed for soundness , injuries , riding ability and nutritional needs before being offered to the public .\nhorse slaughter is not a public service , but a foreign - owned business operating for profit and paid for by the wealthy . the failure to enact federal law prohibiting horse slaughter , the american horse slaughter prevention act , has allowed for the export of american horses to canada and mexico , exacerbating the brutality of already cruel transport and slaughter practices . no matter how horse slaughter is carried out , it isn\u2019t and will never be a humane way of ending a horse\u2019s life by anyone\u2019s standards , including that of the avmas . horse slaughter is wrought with cruelty , is prolonged and excruciating and it\u2019s man\u2019s ultimate betrayal of the noble horse . and we , as americans , should be ashamed .\nfor more information , visit americans against horse slaughter ( urltoken ) or email : aahsus @ urltoken .\njon and carmen were experienced horse owners , with a background in training and an eye for horses .\ngiving your horse away for free on craigslist . this is also a very risky way to rehome your horse . someone can easily pick up your free horse and turn around and sell him to a kill buyer to make a quick buck . if you want to give your horse away to someone you trust , that\u2019s okay . but please do your homework and make sure the new home meets your standards !\nthere is a \u00a350 discount on all horses if taking on another blue cross horse within six months .\nmike & apos ; s friend helped negotiate for a different horse at the same location - - a sturdy 10 - year - old quarter horse gelding with miles of ranch work and trails behind him .\nsell your horse with a contract . once you have selected the perfect buyer , take one more step toward protecting your horse\u2019s future well - being with a sales contract . the contract should include a provision for the right of first refusal , meaning that if your buyer has to resell your horse at any point , you will be contacted and given the option to either buy back or take back your horse .\nthere is in such objects the added element of the ( very literal ) objectification of the horse . in his letter to the editor , mence emphasizes the monetary value of the horse several times . quiz\u2019s transition from prized racehorse to idiosychratic decorative arts object / s illustrates the commodification of the horse within society .\npros and cons of horse donation . giving your horse away can be very risky , so please do your homework before making a decision . your horse could end up making a significant contribution in the life of a disabled child or a young athlete , and that could be a wonderful thing . be absolutely certain that your horse will be well cared for , not only during his new career but afterwards as well .\nthe elderly horse . there is nothing that makes us sadder than when we are asked to take in an elderly horse , no matter what the reason for the horse needing to be rehomed . it is especially hard when the horse has lived the majority of his life in one home with one owner . after a lifetime of loyal service and love , it just isn\u2019t right to send your elderly horse away into the unknown . do the right thing by giving your horse the dignified end he deserves . do it in a place that is comforting and familiar , and surround him with love and reassurance as he goes . it\u2019s going to be difficult and painful for you , but your horse deserves this one last kindness from you .\nwhat wonderful stories and how amazing to have a horse who loves you enough to attempt such a journey .\nunsaddle horse in open area , walk away with the saddle and put on fence or a saddle rack .\nwe rehome our horses on a monitored loan . read below how this benefits both the horse and you .\ndoing your research before you adopt a rescue horse can help you avoid trouble and find a suitable match .\nas a result , she let her heart rule her head when she saw a staked - out , dejected looking horse in a field . feeling sorry for the horse , she contacted the owners ; when they told her the animal was\na perfect kids & apos ; horse ,\nshe took them at their word .\ncenter for animal welfare usda \u2013 aphis \u2013 animal welfare \u2013 horse protection the humane society : horses what is soring walking horse : grant and recognition program : the humane society carriage horses : the humane society interstate horseracing improvement act issues affecting the u . s . horse industry | american horse council ntra \u2013 2016 code of standards friends of sound horses american veterinary medical association ending soring : american association of equine practitioners equine advocacy center : humane society\ntake part in the training process . depending on the agreement you develop with your new trainer , you\u2019ll likely be involved to some extent in your horse\u2019s training . it\u2019s important that you establish and maintain an open channel of communication with your trainer . it is also important to keep up to date on your horse\u2019s progress by watching your horse being worked periodically . also , let your trainer know you need to rehome or sell your horse . he or she may be able to help you by showing your horse to potential buyers or networking on your behalf .\nevery horse who enters our facility is automatically micro - chipped as well as freeze branded for identification protection purposes .\n, and we will do our best to ensure that your horse is matched with the right person or family .\ni ' ve actually ridden basil the homing pony he was loaned out to my riding school for a while . he ' s a very sweet , quiet little gent , and lovely to ride . i ' m so glad he didn ' t come to any harm on his escapade . one bit of road he went along is very busy , even in the dark , and some people drive along it very fast .\nelsewhere in australia , racing and wagering wa appear to have taken a similar ( at times to the point of copy - and - paste ) approach to racing victoria , hosting a dedicated \u2018off the track\u2019 section on their website , including a list of retrainers , and a link to the website of \u2018rehome a racehorse wa\u2019 , who seem to be the organisation at the real frontline of re - homing ex - racehorses .\n* it was not unusual in the colonial period for a horse\u2019s owner to also serve as the jockey when racing .\nthe second horse mike acquired for his girls came from a trade .\nthis time we dodged a mistake by having an experienced friend come along ,\nreveals mike , who initially had answered an ad to trade a mini for a full - sized horse . he had the mini , but the horse on the other end of the deal turned out to be an unstarted 2 ? - year - old filly - - an unsuitable choice for people with limited horse experience .\nalso from the weir stable is lee purchase whose various roles in the trainer\u2019s team includes re - settling retired racehorses . she has so far found homes for some 250 of them , her dedication to her cause compelling her to follow each of them in their new careers and making her a finalist in the thoroughbred care and welfare category for the second time . in the same section of the awards , jane gollan made the final two for her work in re - homing virtually every horse that retires from the stable of her husband , queensland\u2019s premier trainer tony gollan .\nthe unwanted horse . it\u2019s a harsh reality to face , but unwanted horses end up suffering . if you have a horse that can\u2019t be handled safely , has no marketable skills , exhibits dangerous behavior , or is clearly unhappy in the company of other horses , the best choice may be to give your horse a humane and dignified end . if you have tried and failed to place your horse into a new home , or if it\u2019s too late to provide your horse with training to increase his marketability , euthanization may be the only option left to you . and it may feel like a failure , but try to remember that it\u2019s a far better choice that letting your horse end up in a bad situation .\nthe volunteers at h . a . c . k . are well known for their dedication towards the welfare of the horse\ni rehomed my boy from the sspca - different kettle of fish though as you buy the horse and take over ownership .\ncan you return the horse if it doesn & apos ; t work out ? a good rescue will allow you a time period for settling in together and will take the horse back if you feel you & apos ; ve made a mistake .\nleasing is a way to retain ownership of your horse while allowing you to take a break from expenses for a period of time . leasing is essentially renting your horse to another rider , someone who wants to have a horse to ride and enjoy and can cover basic expenses but who might not be ready for the full financial obligations of horse ownership . you can arrange a full lease , in which the lessee has full custody of your horse and pays the full cost of its board , care , and veterinary expenses . there are also half - leases and quarter leases in which you share the costs of care with the lessee in exchange for a proportional amount of riding time . this can be a great way to reduce your monthly expenses while remaining in control of your horse\u2019s care and well being , especially if you keep your horse at a boarding facility with an active trainer or a riding program . your trainer may already know a rider who\u2019d be interested in leasing or part leasing your horse in order to have a regular mount to ride in lessons and practice with . things to consider when leasing your horse :\nshe now knows that the fact the people wouldn & apos ; t ride the horse for her should & apos ; ve been a big , red flag . and , once she got the horse home , she discovered that not only was it not a kids & apos ; horse , it was so difficult as to be suitable for only the most experienced of handlers .\nrehoming a horse from redwings is incredibly rewarding . not only will you be doing something amazing by giving a loving home to a rescued horse or pony but you will also be making space at the sanctuary for us to help more horses in need .\n- may have the potential to be suitable for ridden or driven work . see individual horse ' s details for more information .\nbreed : welsh cross sex : mare age : 4 height : 13 . 2hh use : project horse and pony glenda spooner farm\ndo you have a suitable place to keep a horse ( or a second horse ) and enough money for feed , hoof and veterinary care , and other maintenance ? true , your new horse might cost you only a nominal adoption fee to acquire - - typically from around $ 200 to $ 600 for a rehabbed horse , though a specialty breed with training could come with a fee of up to $ 2 , 000 or more . ( and some rescues waive the adoption fees in special circumstances . ) still , as with all horse acquisitions , it & apos ; s the ongoing maintenance costs of the animal that are your true expense . so , any way you look at it , put the notion of a\nfree\nhorse out of your mind .\nit used to be you\u2019d hear \u201cthoroughbred , \u201d \u201carab , \u201d or \u201cquarter horse\u201d when you asked what kind of horse someone owned . now , you\u2019re just as likely to hear \u201crescue . \u201d horses have long been bought and sold by breed or discipline , but a whole new category is making inroads in the horse industry \u2013 the rescue horse . these horses may be unwanted , broken or labelled dangerous , but all have one thing in common\u2026a story of kindness , of someone who cared . following are three such stories .\nblue cross owns the majority of our horses and most are rehomed on a loan agreement initially . our horse welfare coordinators will visit you every so often to give advice and support where needed . the number of visits will depend on you and your horse\u2019s needs .\nthe parelli foundation is committed to disclosing any circumstance or condition related to any horse we offer for sale no matter how potentially insignificant .\nif you are looking at adopting a horse , clinician nettie barr of canadian natural horsemanship recommends you look at the realities of your situation and not let emotions lead your decisions . consider the physical needs , the mind and the background of the horse , and adopt one that matches your skill level , experience and resources . does the horse have any foot , dental or other health problems ? are there conformation issues that may limit its use or require custom saddle fitting ? has there been an injury or experience that will impact the horse\u2019s behaviour or physical abilities ?\nget your horse seen . there are many online sites for placing your sale ad . urltoken is one of the best . it\u2019s going to take a small investment of about $ 20 for an ad with a photo , but that is the best way to reach more potential buyers . you can place an ad on dreamhorse for free without a photo , but it will be shuffled to the back of the list and won\u2019t get as much attention as a photo ad will . in addition to online sales ads , create a full page flyer for your horse and post it where horse buyers will see it : at boarding stables , at tack shops and feed stores , and at horse show grounds . and don\u2019t be afraid to network . the horse community is tightly knit and connected ; chances are that someone you know knows someone who is looking for a horse to buy . a lot of good networking takes place through local groups of horse enthusiasts on social media sites like facebook . selling your horse is a process that can take quite a bit of time , so again , don\u2019t wait until the last minute to get started .\nor someone in need of a break from the cost of horse care might gift a horse , temporarily or permanently , to someone offering a good home . broodmares might need to be culled from a breeding program , or young horses might need expensive training owners can no longer afford .\nmake the most of the showing . once you have an interested buyer , it\u2019s time to show them your horse . be prepared to demonstrate what your horse can do before handing over the lead rope or reins to a prospective owner to have a go . once you\u2019ve demonstrated your horse\u2019s skills , you can then let the prospective buyer take over while you observe closely . pay attention to how they handle your horse and how your horse reacts to them . if the interaction is going poorly , it\u2019s well within your rights to inform the buyer that you don\u2019t feel it\u2019s a good fit and end the showing . and even if things are going perfectly between your horse and the buyer at the showing , don\u2019t rush into making a decision on the spot at the first meeting ! multiple visits may be necessary before you can both be sure this is a good fit . buying a horse is a very big commitment and should be weighed carefully by all parties . a buyer who shows up at the first visit with a trailer and a fist full of cash might someone who is willing to rush into a decision . and someone who is willing to rush into a decision to buy a horse might be inclined to resell the horse just as quick if the relationship doesn\u2019t develop fast enough for them .\ntonto is a brilliant horse with a very sensible and laid back attitude to life . he is good to . . . view profile > >\neducating the public about issues of over breeding , the real cost of horse keeping and care , best practices in competition and care , etc .\nwhile nicola is an experienced rescue operator , the average person should not attempt to rescue an injured or unhealthy horse . even in this case , luck played a huge role in jigsaw\u2019s happy ending . most people should not rely on generousity to see them through the financial challenges of horse rescue .\nfurther to this , another popular aspect of the phar lap narrative , frequently cited to support the horse\u2019s positioning as an underdog , was his \u201ccheap\u201d price at auction . however it should be remembered that the 160 guineas paid for him was still too great a sum for harry telford , the struggling trainer whose interest in the colt was piqued by the horse\u2019s bloodlines , to afford . instead , telford persuaded wealthy businessman davis to purchase the horse .\ni probably looked more hilarious , running down the street in my riding gear , waving a whip and shouting ' anyone seen my horse ? ' .\namericans against horse slaughter is a non - funded , grassroots national movement comprised of supporters of a federal ban on the slaughter and the transport to slaughter of american horses for human consumption overseas . americans against horse slaughter has no other agenda , other than to stop the brutal slaughter of american horses .\nwe fund education initiatives for horse rescue centers that improve the welfare of the horse and increase adoptability . we also support showmanship and competition when performed using natural horsemanship principles . rescue center education raises awareness of how natural horsemanship can help rescued horses have a future particularly through our rehoming 4 life challenge .\nhorses who enter our facility are fully assessed , slowly\nlet down\nfrom their racing lives and are allowed to\njust be a horse\n. soon after , each horse is placed in professional training with a program customized for each horse . our horses are trained in multiple disciplines ( if applicable ) . they are introduced to ground work on a lunge line , then slowly re - introduced under saddle to basic dressage and if applicable - started over fences . \u200bevery horse is introduced to trail riding , natural obstacles as well as introduced to situations off the facility premises including horse shows , cross country schooling , paper chases and trail riding . horses are generally offered to the public after completing these trials successfully to ensure a proper and secure fit .\nthis fee is received your assessment cannot be confirmed . should a suitable horse be found for you , this amount can be deducted from the loan fee .\nthe parelli foundation focuses on natural horsemanship education . we are making available a resource list for those seeking help in other areas related to horse welfare such as : .\ncarolyn stull is the animal welfare specialist at the university of california . she said , \u201cselecting a rescue organization is important . i would ask about the longevity of the rescue \u2013 how long has it been in business ? what is their policy for adopting or purchasing a horse , and is there a return policy if the horse is not suitable ? \u201d in addition , you should ask about the evaluation process for the horses , particularly if you are looking at those promoted as trained under saddle or in harness . a failed rescue can be traumatic to the horse and the rescuer . getting in over your head or selecting an unsound horse can have disastrous consequences .\nhere are some suggestions to consider if you find you need to rehome your horse . keep in mind that these are just suggestions and that not every one of these ideas is going to be the right one for your situation . our goal here is to propose some options that you might not have considered for your particular horse .\nidentify your goals . are you looking for someone who can start your horse from the ground up , or does your horse just need some refresher work ? are there specific issues or vices that need to be addressed by a professional ? make an honest assessment of your horse\u2019s skills and identify areas that need work . if you can only invest in a month or two of training , you\u2019ll need to be very clear with your trainer about what you hope to accomplish in that period of time .\nshould a horse need to be returned for any reason , the btrc requires one months\u2019 notice and the loaner will be responsible for the cost of the return transport .\ni didn & apos ; t know what to look for , so it was important to have help from someone who was horse savvy ,\nhe says .\nshould this happen , if you have loaned the horse from us we would find them a new home . they would either come back to one of our centres or we would ask you to keep them in the short term while we found a new family for them to go to directly . we ask you to give us three months\u2019 notice if you want to return a horse to us , so we can ensure we have the space available at our centre or to give us time to find them a new home . if we have transferred ownership of a horse we will still do all that we can to assist the rehoming of that horse should we be asked to .\nmost people do not have the time to nurse a horse to the degree jigsaw required . daily monitoring and multiple treatments are a strain on the caregiver\u2019s time and wallet .\nbefore you rehome your horse , are you absolutely sure you can\u2019t find a way to keep him ? yes , horses are expensive , but there are ways to reduce your costs while still providing adequate care . here are a few cost - cutting ideas . please be aware that these ideas are not right for every horse or every situation !\nwe will let you know on the day if we think the horse is suitable and we can proceed to the next stage . if this is the case you can take as long as you need to decide to go ahead with the loan . you can try / work the horse as many times as you like before making your decision .\nhorses in our program are assessed mentally . we determine if the horse is easily managed by an amateur handler or will require a more experienced owner to continue their career .\ninsurance : all loaners must take out third party , public liability and veterinary fees insurance cover . the loaner must provide evidence of this prior to taking the horse home .\nin ohio , erin steiner has show - ring aspirations for darcy , a 5 - year - old incentive fund - nominated quarter horse mare . | photo by sue stein\nin the summer of 2010 , jon was invited to participate in the cowboy up challenge at the calgary stampede , a sporting event that showcases both horse and rider as they manoeuver through a series of obstacles , demonstrating horsemanship skills and speed . the horse\u2019s ability to trust his rider and be a calm , willing partner is put to the test during the three days of competition . although not a horse jon considers extremely athletic , bear was solid and confident throughout the competition , finishing fourth in canada and eighth overall .\nwhat & apos ; s your skill level with horses ? are you experienced enough to work through the trust issues that come with a neglected or abused animal ? can you work with a young , unstarted horse ? if you haven & apos ; t ridden since childhood or are new to riding and / or ownership , a quiet , serviceably sound senior horse will be a better choice . ( you & apos ; ll be doing no horse any favors if you take on more than you can competently handle . )\nclearly define what you\u2019re looking for in a lessee and what your horse has to offer . make an honest assessment of your horse\u2019s level of training and skills to decide what type of rider would be best suited for him . is he beginner safe , or does he require a more advanced rider ? is he suitable for competition , and at what level ? do you want a rider who will be taking lessons and keeping your horse in training ? or it is more important that he just get regular attention and exercise ?\nu . s . horses have never been raised for human consumption . however , due to foreign demand for horse flesh for wealthy diners in europe and asia , america\u2019s horses have been bought , stolen or acquired under false pretenses by the foreign - owned horse slaughter industry for processing of our horses in their plants on u . s . soil . american companies and trade associations that support horse slaughter because of having a vested interest in the horse slaughter trade promotes and contributes to the export of tens of thousands of america\u2019s horses for slaughter by actively opposing federal legislation , deceiving the media by giving biased statements that are unsubstantiated , and by attempting to mislead the public and members of congress with false claims .\nwords we hear all too often . the past several years have been hard for many horse owners , with more and more people facing economic stress , job loss , illness , divorce , or foreclosure . in dire life - changing situations like these , the expense of horse keeping is often the first place people have to cut back . many of these horse owners will turn to a rescue organization like safe for help , not understanding that our mission is to help horses facing life or death situations caused by neglect or abuse .\nplease keep me up to date with special offers and news from horse & hound and other brands operated by ti media limited via email . you can unsubscribe at any time .\nyou and your new horse will be visited by a h . a . c . k . field officer within the first three months of the loan and thereafter six monthly .\na contract stating the terms and conditions of the loan is put in place between the loaner and the trc to safeguard all concerned , but primarily the welfare of the horse .\ndealing with unknowns what won & apos ; t you know about your new adoptee ? it depends on where the horse came from originally . because there are more horses being relinquished these days by conscientious but financially stressed owners , you could learn a fair bit about a horse from this type of situation . feel free to ask questions and inquire about registration papers .\ntwo thumbs up . californian mike roberts isn & apos ; t an experienced horse person , yet he wanted to make sure his two foster daughters had safe mounts with good temperaments .\nfind the right trainer for your horse . in the u . s . , anyone can call themselves a professional horse trainer , regardless of their level of skill or experience . so if you don\u2019t already have a good trainer available to you , you will need to do some legwork to find the right one \u2014 somebody who is a good fit for your horse , will help you accomplish your training goals , and fits your budget . the best trainers often rely on word - of - mouth to find new clients , so get ready to network and ask a lot of questions ! if you\u2019re not sure where to start , try visiting your local feed or tack store , or mingle with the spectators at horse shows . once you\u2019ve gathered the names of a few horse professionals to consider , set up appointments to meet them and discuss your goals . take the time to watch them work with different horses . remember it\u2019s about finding someone that you can trust , not only to provide a service , but to treat your horse in the manner you expect your horse to be treated . approach this decision with care ! for more detailed information about choosing a trainer , equine legal solutions has a great online article called choosing the right trainer that can help your decision making process .\nthose familiar with racing memorabilia will know that the horse hoof inkwell ( or pincushion , or ashtray ) is a not uncommon form of commemoration , possibly for the same reason as those outlined above \u2013 when galloping there is a split second where a horse places all it\u2019s weight on one hoof , hence the symbolic importance of the hoof itself . however , these candlesticks are really quite unique . i can\u2019t help but wonder about their creation , and why mence ( if it was indeed mence ) chose to re - purpose his horse in this way .\nour final assessment is a presented riding assessment . combined with a physical and mental assessment , we can truly ascertain what type of rider and home is required for each horse offered for adoption . as such , our horses are professionally trained ( often as show horses ) and exhibited at expos , horse shows , trials , off - site outings and schooling ' s .\nstraight from the owner although a good rescue facility will give you a real advantage in finding the horse you seek , such operations aren & apos ; t the only source of no - cost or low - cost horses . an owner might be going away to college and more interested in finding a good home for a beloved horse than earning money in the transaction .\nin addition to the thoroughbred horse racing industry , the american quarter horse association ( aqha ) is the biggest offender with regard to over - breeding . interestingly , the quarter horse is also the most slaughtered . the aqha promotes a self - destructive business model of breeding as many horses as possible and disposing of those that don\u2019t meet predetermined criteria , thereby contributing to the inhumane treatment of horses and the slaughter industry . consequently , there are currently more quarter horses slaughtered in canada and mexico than there were when the u . s . plants were in operation .\na national academy of science study was published in june 2013 with a critical review of the current status of wild horse management and recommendations for improvement . this is a very controversial topic .\nanimals\u2019 angels usa ( urltoken ) conducted investigations of the horse slaughter system from 2007 to 2009 , which included the conditions and treatment slaughter horses undergo at auctions , feedlots , during transport and at the slaughter plants . in their comprehensive report , the organization found that \u201c\u2026horse slaughter encompasses public safety issues , public health concerns , environmental issues as well as the obvious and very significant concerns regarding cruelty and inhumane treatment . our investigations during 2007 to the present made clear that at the instant a horse is designated a \u2018kill horse , \u2019 handling and treatment change radically from that normally given horses . a \u2018kill horse\u2019 is treated with cruelty , with indifference at best , but more typically with violence and aggression . cruelty increases , while safety , health and welfare \u2013 its care and humane treatment are so diminished it is virtually nonexistent . these horses are \u201conly passing through , \u201d say the veterinarians as well as the \u2018kill buyers . \u2019 if the \u2018kill\ndespite its potential for difficulty , people are drawn to the rescue horse . why ? patti colbert , creator of the extreme mustang makeover , believes that \u201cwith the awareness around dog and cat shelters for the past 10 plus years , \u2018rescue\u2019 has become a badge of honour that animal lovers proudly wear . this same \u2018badge\u2019 is now proudly worn by horse enthusiasts . \u201d kathy bartley of bear valley rescue believes that people adopt horses \u201cbecause they want to feel they are saving a life . \u201d horse rescuer , christine curtin , puts it simply , \u201che needed someone . \u201d\nincreasingly , online horse classifieds are including\nfree horse\nlistings ( see many examples at equine . com - - plug\n$ 0 to $ 0\nin the price window of the search function . ) here , you & apos ; ll see many horses that five years ago would & apos ; ve been in the ubiquitous $ 1 , 500 - to - $ 2 , 500 - horse category . now , such animals often are offered for free , because much of the buyership in that range has become an\nadopter - ship\ninstead .\nif you can\u2019t see your perfect horse or pony today do check back on this site for regular updates or register your interest by contacting us directly , we would love to hear from you .\nh . a . c . k . is available at all times to assist you with your new horse . any problems can be assessed and help is at hand from our trained staff .\nif you are interested in becoming guardian to a horse or pony you will first need to fill out a lluest loan application form and send it back to us , along with a reference from a vet , farrier , bhs approved yard owner or instructor . this will help us decide if we have a suitable horse or pony to match your experience and facilities . the more information you can give us at this stage the quicker the process , video\u2019s and pictures of you riding can be useful for us to also assess your ability if you\u2019re seeking a ridden horse or pony .\nby submitting your email , you agree to receive electronic communications from horse publications group , containing news , updates and promotions about the canadian equestrian industry . you may withdraw your consent at any time .\nthere are other options for getting rid of an unwanted horse than the ones we have discussed above , but frankly , we don\u2019t recommend these to people who truly care about the welfare of their animals . there is a lot of risk involved whenever you relinquish control and ownership of a horse , but there are some methods that are not only risky but can be downright dangerous for your pet :\nmany of our horses are purchased through the sale yards , and we do our best to source background information on each horse and provide the potential new owner ( or fosterer ) with that information .\nrescuing a horse can be a very rewarding experience , but not one to be taken on by the impatient , inexperienced or , in some cases , underfunded . although often inexpensive to purchase or adopt compared to others on the market , a rescue horse should not be viewed as simply a \u201ccheap\u201d horse . these horses may require the support of professional services ( i . e . trainers , veterinarians , corrective farriers ) and a significant amount of time and patience to bring them to a place that meets the needs of the owner , not to mention the standards of soundness \u2013 mentally and physically ."]}
{"id": 651, "summary": [{"text": "streniastis thermaea is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by lower in 1897 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from new south wales and tasmania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 20 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are orange-yellow , deeper on the margins .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a fine line of fuscous at the apex .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are black . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "streniastis thermaea", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nif you know the species , please , click on the picture and write the species name in comments section . also , you can go to the gallery page with all photos of gelechiidae sp . ( large size ) .\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 663, "summary": [{"text": "araneus quadratus , the four-spot orb-weaver , is a common orb-weaver spider found in europe and central asia , and as far as the kamchatka peninsula and japan .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "females can reach 17 mm in length , especially when gravid , males approximately half that .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "they are quite variable in appearance , ranging from brown to bright orange or green , but they always have the characteristic four white spots on the abdomen .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the darker color morphs are easiest to identify , due to the contrast between the white spots and the rest of the body .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the legs are sometimes brightly striped .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the spider lives in gardens , wooded areas , or wherever there is vegetation to string an orb web across .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "this species builds its web close to the ground to catch jumping insects such as small grasshoppers .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "the female builds the more elaborate web , complete with a funnel-shaped retreat off to the side where she goes during inclement weather .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the web is smaller and closer to the ground than those of other species of orb-weaver .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "adult females can actively change their color .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "it takes about three days to take on colors that accurately match their resting surface . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "araneus quadratus", "paragraphs": ["close - up of a palp from the side of a male araneus quadratus .\nfemale araneus quadratus . the abdomen is full with eggs . notice the different colour to the first photo .\naraneus quadratus clerck , 1757 ( = aranea reaumuri ( scopoli ) ) ( also previously known as epeira quadrata . )\nturning the tables slightly , bristowe included a . quadratus in his tasting experiment one afternoon when he was staying at flatford mill [ 16 ] . he doesn ' t mention why a . quadratus was chosen for his gastronomic adventure but he does note that , of the spiders tasted that day ,\n. . . araneus quadratus , with a slightly nutty flavour , was the best\n.\naraneus quadratus is a large orb - weaving spider with four distinct spots on its abdomen . among other things you will in this video see it catching a large grasshopper . more info on this spider here : urltoken contact me : urltoken stock footage / video of araneus quadratus here : urltoken music : kevin macleod ( incompetech . com )\nkajak , a . 1965 : an analysis of food relations between spiders - araneus cornutus cl . and araneus quadratus cl . - and their prey in meadows . ekol . pol . a13 : 717 - 764 .\nthe four - spot orb weaver , araneus quadratus , gets its name from the markings on its abdomen . four dark dots surrounded by white . the main colour of the abdomen can be almost any colour .\ngeneral : our heaviest spider , a . quadratus is an autumn - maturing orb - web weaver . easily recognized ; indeed it is one of clerck ' s original species .\netymology : araneus - latin for spider ; quadratus - latin for square , referring to the four prominent spots on the abdomen . ( it appears that no - one ' s quite sure what epeira is derived from . )\nnyffeler , m . and benz , g . 1978 : die beutespektren der netzspinnen argiope bruennichi ( scop . ) , a . quadratus cl . und agelena labyrinthica ( cl . ) in odlandwiesen bei z\u00fcrich . revue suisse zool . 85 : 747 - 757 .\naraneus albilunatus roewer , 1961b : 51 , f . 13a - d ( d f ) . araneus albilunulatus brignoli , 1983c : 259 .\naraneus subumbrosus roewer , 1961b : 53 , f . 14a - b ( d f ) . araneus subombrosus brignoli , 1983c : 260 .\naraneus floriatus hogg , 1914a : 57 ( d m f ) . araneus floriatus hogg , 1915a : 446 , f . 25 ( f ) .\naraneus basalteus schenkel , 1936b : 99 , f . 35 ( djj ) .\naraneus pseudoconicus schenkel , 1936b : 114 , f . 40 ( dj ) .\ntreating nevus araneus ( broken capillaries ) with electrocautery . for medical education - nsfe .\naraneus angulatus personata simon , 1929 : 678 , 756 ( d m f ) . araneus angulatus personatus breitling et al . , 2016b : 69 ( subspecies inquirenda ) .\naraneus aralis bakhvalov , 1981a : 137 , f . 1 ( d f ) .\naraneus asiaticus bakhvalov , 1983 : 69 , f . 3 ( d f ) .\naraneus baicalicus bakhvalov , 1981b : 148 , f . 6 ( d f ) .\naraneus bargusinus bakhvalov , 1981b : 147 , f . 5 ( d f ) .\naraneus carimagua levi , 1991a : 230 , f . 190 ( d m ) .\naraneus cohnae levi , 1991a : 229 , f . 188 ( d m ) .\naraneus demoniacus caporiacco , 1939a : 346 , f . 14 ( d m ) .\naraneus ferganicus bakhvalov , 1983 : 91 , f . 5 ( d f ) .\naraneus jamundi levi , 1991a : 222 , f . 157 ( d m ) .\naraneus margaritae caporiacco , 1940c : 826 , f . 31 ( d f ) .\naraneus matogrosso levi , 1991a : 230 , f . 189 ( d m ) .\naraneus mauensis caporiacco , 1949a : 421 , f . 61 ( d f ) .\naraneus nigroquadratus lawrence , 1937 : 233 , f . 10 ( d f ) .\naraneus oxygaster caporiacco , 1940c : 823 , f . 29 ( d f ) .\naraneus perincertus caporiacco , 1947d : 176 , f . 32 ( d f ) .\naraneus phlyctogena simon , 1907d : 297 ( d f , plus two varieties ) .\naraneus scutellatus schenkel , 1963 : 153 , f . 90 ( d m ) .\naraneus sogdianus charitonov , 1969 : 79 , f . 2 ( d f ) .\naraneus titirus simon , 1896e : 68 ( d f ) . araneus titirus levi , 1991a : 245 , f . 267 - 271 ( f , d m ) .\naraneus xavantina levi , 1991a : 214 , f . 116 ( d m ) .\naraneus tschuiskii bakhvalov , 1974 : 111 , f . 72 - 74 ( d f ) . araneus tschuiskyi bakhvalov , 1983 : 90 , f . 4 ( f ) .\nscientific name : araneus quadratus size : females up to 15mm , males up to 8mm distribution : found throughout the uk months seen : june to october habitat : found in tall grass , bushes and hedgerows food : flies and other small insects special features : four spot orb weavers ( araneus quadratus ) are fairly common . they can be found throughout the u . k . in the summer and autumn months . the body colour of is extremely variable . they can be ; yellow green , orange , red or brown . the abdomen has some white patches , but these are only really clear on the brown individuals . usually the four white spots on the abdomen which give this spider its name are visible . four spot orb weavers catch their prey in a web , and the females also build a retreat to the side of the web , made from thick silk .\nnomen nudum : araneus quinqueuncatus simon , 1895a : 822 ( f , south america ) .\naraneus crispulus tullgren , 1952 : 168 , f . 15a - b ( d f ) . araniella crispulus grasshoff , 1976 : 150 ( t f from araneus , rejected ) .\naraneus horizonte levi , 1991a : 211 , f . 99 - 104 ( d f ) . araneus horizonte braul , bertoncello & lise , 2000 : 124 ( d m ) .\naraneus ventricosus kishuensis uyemura , 1961 : 93 , f . 23 ( d f ) .\naraneus boreus uyemura & yaginuma , 1972 : 10 , f . 1 - 7 ( d m f ) . araneus boreus yaginuma , 1986a : 100 , f . 53 . 6 ( m f ) . araneus boreus chikuni , 1989b : 66 , f . 15 ( f ) . araneus boreus tanikawa , 2007c : 83 , f . 240 , 681 ( f ) . araneus boreus tanikawa , 2009 : 455 , f . 257 ( f ) .\naraneus bilunifer pocock , 1900a : 227 , f . 74 ( d f ) . araneus bilunifer patel , 1975b : 162 , f . 3a - c ( f ) . araneus bilunifer tikader & bal , 1981 : 43 , f . 91 - 94 ( f ) . araneus bilunifer tikader , 1982a : 221 , f . 428 - 431 ( f ) .\naraneus granti hogg , 1914a : 57 ( d f ) . araneus granti hogg , 1915a : 448 , f . 26 ( f ) . araneus granti chrysanthus , 1960 : 36 , f . 32 - 33 , 49 , 60 , 72 ( f , d m ) .\nnyffeler and benz ( 1978 [ 9 ] ) , found that bees were a major component ( by mass ) of the diet of a . quadratus . however , this may have been more to do with prey availability , as , in a later study ( 1989 [ 10 ] ) diptera , homoptera and aphids were the major prey . this agrees with the earlier work of kajak . she showed that , at her study sites , diptera made up a greater proportion of the diet . in fact the number of bees caught in nyffeler and benz ' s 1978 study were low but their large size contributed disproportionately to biomass caught . nevertheless , their results confirm that a . quadratus can cope with such powerful and potentially dangerous prey .\naraneus acolla levi , 1991a : 219 , f . 138 - 141 ( d f ) .\naraneus adiantiformis caporiacco , 1941b : 83 , f . 29a - d ( d m ) .\naraneus ana levi , 1991a : 268 , f . 389 - 391 ( d f ) .\naraneus anjonensis schenkel , 1963 : 171 , f . 99a - b ( d f ) .\naraneus aubertarum berland , 1938 : 174 , f . 131 - 132 ( d f ) .\naraneus bastarensis gajbe , 2005a : 55 , f . 4 - 7 ( d f ) .\naraneus baul levi , 1991a : 288 , f . 503 - 506 ( d f ) .\naraneus caballo levi , 1991a : 273 , f . 418 - 421 ( d f ) .\naraneus calusa levi , 1973 : 512 , f . 152 - 157 ( d f ) . araneus calusa levi , 1981b : 255 , f . 5 - 7 ( d m ) .\naraneus canacus berland , 1931b : 669 , f . 8 - 11 ( d f ) .\naraneus canalae berland , 1924a : 222 , f . 126 - 127 ( d f ) .\naraneus carroll levi , 1973 : 516 , f . 215 - 220 ( d f ) .\naraneus castilho levi , 1991a : 196 , f . 15 - 16 ( d m ) .\naraneus chiapas levi , 1991a : 262 , f . 351 - 352 ( d m ) .\naraneus chingaza levi , 1991a : 258 , f . 330 - 334 ( d f ) .\naraneus cuiaba levi , 1991a : 248 , f . 276 - 278 ( d f ) .\naraneus ealensis giltay , 1935a : 1 , f . 1 - 2 ( d f ) .\naraneus exsertus rainbow , 1904a : 102 , f . 26 - 27 ( d f ) .\naraneus finneganae berland , 1938 : 176 , f . 137 - 140 ( d f ) .\naraneus frio levi , 1991a : 276 , f . 429 - 430 ( d m ) .\naraneus gerais levi , 1991a : 231 , f . 191 - 192 ( d m ) .\naraneus guatemus levi , 1991a : 232 , f . 211 - 214 ( d f ) .\naraneus huixtla levi , 1991a : 286 , f . 497 - 498 ( d m ) .\naraneus jalisco levi , 1991a : 269 , f . 392 - 394 ( d m ) .\naraneus kerr levi , 1981b : 254 , f . 1 - 4 ( d f ) .\naraneus kirgisikus bakhvalov , 1974 : 111 , f . 71 , 75 ( d f ) .\naraneus lanio levi , 1991a : 268 , f . 381 - 384 ( d f ) .\naraneus lenkoi levi , 1991a : 258 , f . 326 - 329 ( d f ) .\naraneus lintatus levi , 1991a : 262 , f . 347 - 350 ( d f ) .\naraneus masculus caporiacco , 1941b : 85 , f . 30a - b ( d m ) .\naraneus miami levi , 1973 : 512 , f . 172 - 176 ( d f ) .\naraneus monica levi , 1973 : 504 , f . 110 - 121 ( d f ) .\naraneus moretonae levi , 1991a : 219 , f . 142 - 145 ( d f ) .\naraneus musawas levi , 1991a : 274 , f . 427 - 428 ( d m ) .\naraneus nacional levi , 1991a : 284 , f . 474 - 476 ( d f ) .\naraneus notandus rainbow , 1912a : 196 , f . 7 - 9 ( d f ) .\naraneus nuboso levi , 1991a : 276 , f . 431 - 432 ( d m ) .\naraneus orgaos levi , 1991a : 211 , f . 92 - 94 ( d f ) .\naraneus paitaensis schenkel , 1953b : 37 , f . 18a - e ( d m ) .\naraneus poltyoides chrysanthus , 1971 : 29 , f . 52 - 58 ( d f ) .\naraneus prunus levi , 1973 : 536 , f . 375 - 379 ( d f ) .\naraneus quirapan levi , 1991a : 284 , f . 470 - 473 ( d f ) .\naraneus repetecus bakhvalov , 1978 : 790 , f . 5 - 7 ( d f ) .\naraneus royi roewer , 1961b : 53 , f . 15a - d ( d f ) .\naraneus salto levi , 1991a : 282 , f . 462 - 465 ( d f ) .\naraneus schneblei levi , 1991a : 211 , f . 95 - 98 ( d f ) .\naraneus sernai levi , 1991a : 214 , f . 109 - 112 ( d f ) .\naraneus sicki levi , 1991a : 250 , f . 286 - 289 ( d f ) .\naraneus tambopata levi , 1991a : 222 , f . 153 - 156 ( d f ) .\naraneus tatianae lessert , 1938 : 449 , f . 35 - 37 ( d f ) .\naraneus tepic levi , 1991a : 272 , f . 410 - 413 ( d f ) .\naraneus toruaigiri bakhvalov , 1970 : 51 , f . 1 ( d f ) . araneus toruaigiri bakhvalov , 1974 : 109 , f . 44 - 48 ( f , d m ) .\naraneus uruapan levi , 1991a : 276 , f . 433 - 434 ( d m ) .\naraneus villa levi , 1991a : 249 , f . 279 - 281 ( d f ) .\naraneus viperifer schenkel , 1963 : 165 , f . 96a - b ( d f ) . araneus viperifer ohno & yaginuma , 1967 : 37 , f . 4 . 1 - 4 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer nishikawa , 1969 : 58 , f . 2 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer yaginuma , 1971 : 129 , f . 106 . 2 - 5 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer suganami , 1971 : 24 , f . 5 - 6 ( f ) . araneus viperifer shinkai , 1977 : 375 , f . 18 ( f ) . araneus viperifer shinkai , 1978 : 91 , f . 27 - 30 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer chikuni , 1989b : 68 , f . 19 ( m f ) . araneus viperifer yin et al . , 1997d : 152 , f . 68a - b ( f ) . araneus viperifer song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141h , 149l ( f ) . araneus viperifer tanikawa , 2001b : 66 , f . 79 ( f ) .\naraneus yatei berland , 1924a : 222 , f . 128 - 130 ( d f ) .\naraneus zapallar levi , 1991a : 242 , f . 254 - 257 ( d f ) .\naraneus zygielloides schenkel , 1963 : 169 , f . 98a - d ( d f ) .\nepeira pinguis karsch , 1879g : 68 ( d f ) . aranea pinguis b\u00f6senberg & strand , 1906 : 226 , pl . 11 , f . 210 ( f ) . araneus pinguis yaginuma , 1957a : 55 , f . 17 ( f ) . araneus pinguis yaginuma , 1969b : 19 , f . 1b - 8b ( m f ) . araneus pinguis song , yu & shang , 1981 : 83 , f . 3 - 4 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis hu , 1984 : 95 , f . 91 . 1 - 2 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis yaginuma , 1986a : 95 , f . 50 . 2 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis song , 1987 : 165 , f . 126 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis yoshikura , 1987 : 298 , f . 37 . 6a ( m ) . araneus pinguis zhang , 1987 : 70 , f . 53 . 1 - 2 ( m f ) . araneus quadratus zhang , 1987 : 74 , f . 58 . 1 - 2 ( f , misidentified ) . araneus pinguis chikuni , 1989b : 64 , f . 5 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis yin et al . , 1997d : 181 , f . 97a - e ( m f ) . araneus pinguis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 139u - v , 144e - f ( m f ) . araneus pinguis namkung , 2002 : 245 , f . 19 . 7a - b ( m f ) . araneus pinguis kim & kim , 2002 : 183 , f . 10 , 82 - 83 , 170 - 171 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis namkung , 2003 : 247 , f . 19 . 7a - b ( m f ) . araneus pinguis marusik & crawford , 2006 : 173 , f . 1 - 3 , 7 - 9 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis tanikawa , 2007c : 82 , f . 236 - 237 , 675 - 678 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis tanikawa , 2009 : 454 , f . 249 - 252 ( m f ) . araneus pinguis kim & lee , 2012b : 27 , f . 15a - b ( f ) .\ngiven its size and the fact that the spider reaches maturity in one season , a . quadratus must have a healthy appetite . perhaps because of this , but more probably because its relatively common , a . quadratus has been used in several feeding experiments on spiders . anna kajak ( 1965 [ 7 ] ) studied the spider , together with several other species , over a period of years . in a paper comparing\nconsumption\nrates in various species , she concluded that a . quadratus does indeed show a high rate of feeding and growth , with one of the highest rates of increase per unit of body mass , with the larger individuals putting on up to 10mg ( dry weight ) per day . not only that , but perversely , its apparent burst of weight gain occurred in september when insect numbers were in decline . kajak gave an expression relating mass of prey consumed to the spider ' s body weight . taking a slight liberty with the equation one can produce a growth plot for the spider ( see figure ) . this assumes an initial weight of 0 . 1mg ( for a ~ 1mm diameter egg , a reasonable egg size ! ( livecchi , le berre and ramousse ( 1977 [ 8 ] ) ) and makes various other approximations , such as 1mg of dry weight of prey being converted to 1mg fresh weight of spider . the resulting plot shows that it is quite reasonable for a well - fed a . quadratus to attain a mass of 2 . 5gm in a single season .\nneosconella parva bryant , 1945a : 381 , f . 19 , 24 ( d f , preoccupied in araneus by karsch , 1878 ) . araneus bryantae brignoli , 1983c : 262 ( replacement name ) . araneus bryantae levi , 1991a : 262 , f . 353 - 356 ( f ) .\naraneus anantnagensis tikader & bal , 1981 : 46 , f . 99 - 102 ( d f ) . araneus anantnagensis tikader , 1982a : 25 , f . 436 - 439 ( f ) .\naraneus panchganiensis tikader & bal , 1981 : 48 , f . 103 - 106 ( d f ) . araneus pachganiensis tikader , 1982a : 227 , f . 440 - 443 ( f ) .\nin synonymy : amamrotypus archer , 1951 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 ) aranea linnaeus , 1758 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( clerckian names validated by iczn direction 104 ; see also iczn opinion 2224 ) atea c . l . koch , 1837 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1991a : 171 ) cambridgepeira archer , 1951 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 ) cathaistela archer , 1958 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( yaginuma , 1959c : 28 ) conaranea archer , 1951 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 ) conepeira archer , 1951 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 ) neosconella f . o . pickard - cambridge , 1903 = araneus clerck , 1757 ( levi , 1973 : 478 )\naraneus viridisoma gravely , 1921a : 415 , f . 3c ( d m f ) . araneus viridisomus caleb & mathai , 2014c : 3 , f . 1 - 9 ( f ) . araneus viridisomus patil & uniyal , 2016 : 172 , f . 1 - 11 ( m f ) .\naraneus ishisawai kishida , 1928b : 474 , f . 41 ( d f ) . araneus ishisawai yaginuma , 1957a : 55 , f . 18 ( f ) . catheistela ishisawai yaginuma & archer , 1959 : 36 ( t f from araneus ) . araneus ishisawai namkung , paik & yoon , 1972 : 93 , f . 8 ( f ) . araneus ishisawai chikuni , 1989b : 63 , f . 4 ( f , d m ) . araneus seensis oliger , 1991 : 141 , f . 1 - 8 ( d m f ) [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 015189 ] . araneus ishisawai namkung , 2002 : 243 , f . 19 . 5a - b ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai namkung , 2003 : 245 , f . 19 . 5a - b ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai tanikawa , 2007c : 83 , f . 241 - 243 , 682 - 685 ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai tanikawa , 2009 : 455 , f . 258 - 261 ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai marusik , 2009f : 97 ( s ) . araneus ishisawai kim & lee , 2012b : 21 , f . 9a - c ( m f ) . araneus ishisawai baba & tanikawa , 2015 : 42 , 4 f . ( m f ) .\naraneus abeicus levi , 1991a : 255 , f . 316 - 320 ( d m f ) .\naraneus illaudatus levi , 1971a : 176 , f . 233 - 237 ( f , misidentified ) . araneus abigeatus levi , 1975c : 269 , f . 5 - 11 ( d m f ) .\naraneus alhue levi , 1991a : 244 , f . 262 - 266 ( d m f ) .\naraneus apache levi , 1975c : 270 , f . 12 - 20 ( d m f ) .\naraneus axacus levi , 1991a : 277 , f . 440 - 444 ( d m f ) .\naraneus bimini levi , 1991a : 264 , f . 372 - 375 ( d m f ) .\naraneus blumenau levi , 1991a : 200 , f . 42 - 48 ( d m f ) .\naraneus boneti levi , 1991a : 268 , f . 385 - 388 ( d m f ) .\naraneus carchi levi , 1991a : 215 , f . 122 - 127 ( d m f ) .\naraneus colima levi , 1991a : 266 , f . 376 - 380 ( d m f ) .\naraneus concepcion levi , 1991a : 241 , f . 250 - 253 ( d m f ) .\naraneus cristobal levi , 1991a : 277 , f . 435 - 439 ( d m f ) .\naraneus desierto levi , 1991a : 280 , f . 453 - 456 ( d m f ) .\naraneus dreisbachi levi , 1991a : 280 , f . 449 - 452 ( d m f ) .\naraneus fronki levi , 1991a : 228 , f . 179 - 183 ( d m f ) .\naraneus galero levi , 1991a : 234 , f . 223 - 227 ( d m f ) .\naraneus ginninderranus dondale , 1966 : 1169 , f . 3a - c ( d m f ) .\naraneus huahun levi , 1991a : 244 , f . 258 - 261 ( d m f ) .\naraneus iguacu levi , 1991a : 256 , f . 321 - 325 ( d m f ) .\naraneus koepckeorum levi , 1991a : 224 , f . 168 - 173 ( d m f ) .\naraneus leones levi , 1991a : 281 , f . 457 - 461 ( d m f ) .\naranea lithyphantiformis kishida , 1910 : 7 ( d ) . araneus lithyphantiformis brignoli , 1983c : 257 .\naraneus mazamitla levi , 1991a : 270 , f . 400 - 403 ( d m f ) .\naraneus mendoza levi , 1991a : 284 , f . 477 - 481 ( d m f ) .\naraneus ocaxa levi , 1991a : 288 , f . 499 - 502 ( d m f ) .\naraneus penai levi , 1991a : 216 , f . 128 - 132 ( d m f ) .\naraneus pico levi , 1991a : 215 , f . 117 - 121 ( d m f ) .\naraneus popaco levi , 1991a : 282 , f . 466 - 469 ( d m f ) .\naraneus pseudoventricosus schenkel , 1963 : 150 , f . 88a - c ( d m ) . araneus pseudoventricosus yin et al . , 1997d : 190 , f . 107a - c ( m ) . araneus pseudoventricosus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 144i ( m ) .\naraneus puebla levi , 1991a : 285 , f . 482 - 486 ( d m f ) .\naraneus rotundicornis yaginuma , 1972a : 55 , f . 9 - 16 ( d m f ) . araneus rotundicornis yaginuma , 1986a : 97 , f . 51 . 2 ( m f ) . araneus rotundicornis chikuni , 1989b : 64 , f . 7 ( m f ) . araneus rotundicornis tanikawa , 2007c : 77 , f . 214 - 216 , 639 - 640 ( m f ) . araneus rotundicornis tanikawa , 2009 : 450 , f . 216 - 217 ( m f ) . araneus rotundicornis lee , lee & kim , 2012 : 211 , f . 1 - 6 ( f ) . araneus rotundicornis kim & lee , 2012b : 28 , f . 16a - b ( f ) .\naraneus selva levi , 1991a : 259 , f . 335 - 338 ( d m f ) .\naraneus svanetiensis mcheidze , 1997 : 270 , f . 601 - 604 ( d m f ) .\naraneus talasi bakhvalov , 1970 : 51 , f . 2 ( d f ) . araneus talassi bakhvalov , 1974 : 109 , f . 43 , 49 - 52 ( f , d m ) .\naraneus talca levi , 1991a : 240 , f . 245 - 249 ( d m f ) .\naraneus tellezi levi , 1991a : 291 , f . 515 - 519 ( d m f ) .\naraneus tenancingo levi , 1991a : 290 , f . 511 - 514 ( d m f ) .\naraneus tijuca levi , 1991a : 250 , f . 290 - 294 ( d m f ) .\naraneus transversus rainbow , 1912a : 197 , f . 10 - 14 ( d m f ) . araneus transversus davies & gallon , 1986 : 233 ( rainbow ' s f = gea theridioides ) .\naraneus ubicki levi , 1991a : 274 , f . 422 - 426 ( d m f ) .\naraneus urubamba levi , 1991a : 218 , f . 133 - 137 ( d m f ) .\naraneus cochise levi , 1973 : 497 , f . 55 - 59 ( d f ) . araneus cochise dean , agnew & breene , 1989 : 126 , f . 1 - 2 ( d m ) . araneus cochise levi , 1991a : 278 , f . 445 - 448 ( m f ) .\naraneus roseomaculatus ono , 1992b : 122 , f . 1 - 4 ( d f ) . araneus roseomaculatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140d - e ( f ) .\naraneus licenti schenkel , 1953b : 42 , f . 20a - c ( d f ) . araneus licenti yin et al . , 1997d : 172 , f . 89a - c ( f ) . araneus licenti song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 138j - l ( f ) .\naraneus pichoni schenkel , 1963 : 157 , f . 93a - b ( d f ) . araneus pichoni yin et al . , 1997d : 205 , f . 124a - b ( f ) . araneus pichoni song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 139q , 148q ( f ) .\nepeira stella karsch , 1879g : 69 ( dj ) . araneus tsuno yaginuma , 1972a : 53 , f . 1 - 8 ( d m f ) . araneus tsuno shinkai , 1977 : 327 , f . 21 ( m ) . araneus tsuno zhou , wang & zhu , 1983 : 154 , f . 2a - d ( f ) . araneus maculifrons oliger , 1983a : 303 , f . 4 - 8 ( d m f ) . araneus tsuno yaginuma , 1986a : 97 , f . 51 . 1 ( m f ) . araneus tsuno marusik , 1989b : 42 ( s ) . araneus tsuno chikuni , 1989b : 64 , f . 6 ( m f ) . araneus tsuno yin et al . , 1997d : 183 , f . 100a - d ( f ) . araneus tsuno song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140t - u , x , 149h ( f ) . araneus tsuno namkung , 2002 : 250 , f . 19 . 12a - b ( m f ) . araneus tsuno kim & kim , 2002 : 185 , f . 13 , 87 - 88 , 176 - 178 ( m f ) . araneus stella ono , 2002a : 59 , f . 23 ( s m f ) . araneus stella namkung , 2003 : 252 , f . 19 . 12a - b ( m f ) . araneus stella tanikawa , 2007c : 78 , f . 217 , 641 - 642 ( m f ) . araneus stella tanikawa , 2009 : 450 , f . 218 - 219 ( m f ) . araneus stella kim & lee , 2012b : 30 , f . 18a - c ( m f ) .\nepeira acropyga thorell , 1877b : 398 ( d f ) . araneus acropyga simon , 1899a : 91 .\naranea albiaculeis strand , 1906b : 621 ( d f ) . araneus albiaculeis caporiacco , 1940c : 822 .\naraneus altitudinum caporiacco , 1934a : 153 , pl . 3 , f . 11 ( d f ) .\naraneus badongensis song & zhu , 1992c : 168 , f . 2a - b ( d m ) . araneus badongensis song & li , 1997 : 412 , f . 14a - b ( m ) . araneus badongensis yin et al . , 1997d : 200 , f . 117a - c ( m ) . araneus badongensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 142k - l ( m ) .\nepeira camilla simon , 1889i : 338 ( d f ) . araneus camilla dyal , 1935 : 179 .\naraneus circellus song & zhu , 1992c : 168 , f . 3a - b ( d f ) . araneus circellus song & li , 1997 : 412 , f . 15a - b ( f ) . araneus circellus yin et al . , 1997d : 145 , f . 60a - c ( f ) . araneus circellus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 136n - o ( f ) .\naraneus coccinella pocock , 1898c : 211 , pl . 8 , f . 6 ( d f ) .\naraneus colubrinus song & zhu , 1992c : 169 , f . 4a - b ( d f ) . araneus colubrinus song & li , 1997 : 413 , f . 16a - b ( f ) . araneus colubrinus yin et al . , 1997d : 146 , f . 61a - c ( f ) . araneus colubrinus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 136s - t ( f ) .\naraneus dospinolongus barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 635 , f . 403a - f ( d m ) .\naraneus emmae simon , 1900a : 482 , pl . 16 , f . 6 ( d f ) .\nepeira flavisternis thorell , 1878b : 61 ( d f ) . araneus flavisternis simon , 1899a : 90 .\naraneus hui hu , 2001 : 442 , f . 286 . 1 - 3 ( d f ) .\naraneus kapiolaniae simon , 1900a : 483 , pl . 16 , f . 7 ( d f ) .\naraneus liberalis rainbow , 1902c : 486 , pl . 18 , f . 2 ( d f ) .\naraneus linzhiensis hu , 2001 : 443 , f . 287 . 1 - 3 ( d f ) .\naraneus octodentalis song & zhu , 1992c : 169 , f . 5a - b ( d m ) . araneus octodentalis song & li , 1997 : 414 , f . 17a - b ( m ) . araneus octodentalis yin et al . , 1997d : 149 , f . 64a - c ( m ) . araneus octodentalis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 144a - b ( m ) .\naraneus ogatai tanikawa , 2001b : 76 , f . 43 - 44 , 52 - 53 ( d f ) . araneus ogatai tanikawa , 2004a : 57 , f . 1 - 2 ( d m ) . araneus ogatai tanikawa , 2007c : 89 , f . 272 - 273 , 735 - 737 ( m f ) . araneus ogatai tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 311 - 312 ( m f ) .\naraneus pavlovi schenkel , 1953b : 39 , f . 19a - d ( d m ) . araneus pavlovi yin et al . , 1997d : 205 , f . 123a - d ( m ) . araneus pavlovi song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 144c - d ( m ) . araneus pavlovi song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 192 , f . 114a - c ( m ) .\naraneus providens kulczy\u0144ski , 1911c : 484 , pl . 20 , f . 55 ( d m ) .\naraneus rumiae biswas & raychaudhuri , 2013a : 158 , f . 8 - 12 ( d f ) .\naraneus santacruziensis barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 640 , f . 407a - e ( d f ) .\naraneus suavis rainbow , 1899b : 308 , pl . 24 , f . 2 ( d f ) .\naraneus tatsulokeus barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 636 , f . 404a - f ( d f ) .\naraneus tinikdikitus barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 635 , f . 402a - g ( d m ) .\naraneus ventricosus ishinodai uyemura , 1961 : 95 , f . 24a - b ( d m f ) .\naraneus woodfordi pocock , 1898b : 463 , pl . 19 , f . 3 ( d f ) .\naraneus wulongensis song & zhu , 1992c : 170 , f . 6a - b ( d f ) . araneus wulongensis song & li , 1997 : 415 , f . 18a - b ( f ) . araneus wulongensis yin et al . , 1997d : 153 , f . 69a - c ( f ) . araneus wulongensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141o - p ( f ) .\naraneus xianfengensis song & zhu , 1992c : 171 , f . 7a - b ( d f ) . araneus xianfengensis song & li , 1997 : 415 , f . 19a - b ( f ) . araneus xianfengensis yin et al . , 1997d : 185 , f . 102a - c ( f ) . araneus xianfengensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141l - m ( f ) .\naraneus xizangensis hu , 2001 : 449 , f . 293 . 1 - 5 ( d m ) .\naraneus yadongensis hu , 2001 : 450 , f . 294 . 1 - 6 ( d m ) .\naraneus yoshitomii yoshida , 2014 : 37 , f . 1 - 6 ( d m j ) . araneus yoshitomii baba , osawa & murakami , 2015 : 17 , f . 2 - 4 ( m ) .\naraneus yukon levi , 1971a : 166 , f . 167 - 173 ( d m f ) . araneus yukon dondale et al . , 2003 : 235 , f . 510 - 516 ( m f ) .\naraneus washingtoni levi , 1971a : 160 , f . 106 , 123 - 130 ( d m f ) . araneus washingtoni dondale et al . , 2003 : 228 , f . 489 - 495 ( m f ) . araneus washingtoni paquin & dup\u00e9rr\u00e9 , 2006 : 6 , f . 5 - 8 ( m f ) . araneus washingtoni marusik & kovblyuk , 2011 : 113 , f . 7 . 5 ( m ) .\naraneus badiofoliatus schenkel , 1963 : 155 , f . 92a - c ( d f ) . araneus badiofoliatus yin et al . , 1997d : 199 , f . 116a - c ( f ) . araneus badiofoliatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 135o - p , 147c ( f ) .\naraneus borealis tanikawa , 2001b : 69 , f . 22 - 23 , 28 - 31 ( d m f ) . araneus borealis tanikawa , 2007c : 87 , f . 264 , 717 - 720 ( m f ) . araneus borealis tanikawa , 2009 : 457 , f . 293 - 296 ( m f ) .\naraneus komi tanikawa , 2001b : 75 , f . 41 - 42 , 49 - 51 ( d m f ) . araneus komi tanikawa , 2007c : 89 , f . 271 , 732 - 734 ( m f ) . araneus komi tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 308 - 310 ( m f ) .\naraneus nigromaculatus schenkel , 1963 : 154 , f . 91a - c ( d f ) . araneus nigromaculatus yin et al . , 1997d : 204 , f . 122a - c ( f ) . araneus nigromaculatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 139e - f , 148l ( f ) .\naraneus nojimai tanikawa , 2001b : 63 , f . 1 - 2 , 9 - 13 ( d m f ) . araneus nojimai tanikawa , 2007c : 85 , f . 259 , 704 - 708 ( m f ) . araneus nojimai tanikawa , 2009 : 457 , f . 280 - 284 ( m f ) .\nepeira tartarica kroneberg , 1875 : 2 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ( d f ) . araneus mongolicus simon , 1895c : 335 ( d m f ) . araneus tartaricus schenkel , 1936b : 269 , f . 89 ( m ) . araneus tartaricus spassky & shnitnikov , 1937 : 276 , f . 3 ( m ) . araneus mongolicus ermolajev , 1937b : 603 , f . 3 ( m f ) . araneus tartaricus bakhvalov , 1974 : 111 , f . 87 , 89 - 90 , 96 ( m f ) . araneus tartaricus feng , 1990 : 60 , f . 35 . 1 - 5 ( f ) . araneus tartaricus yin et al . , 1997d : 191 , f . 108a - c ( f ) . araneus tartaricus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140k - l ( f ) . araneus tartaricus kim & kim , 2002 : 184 , f . 11 , 84 , 172 - 173 ( m f ) . araneus tartaricus yoo & kim , 2002a : 28 , f . 48 ( m ) . araneus tartaricus yin et al . , 2012 : 618 , f . 300a - c ( f ) .\naraneus pahalgaonensis tikader & bal , 1981 : 44 , f . 95 - 98 ( d f ) . araneus pahalgaonensis tikader , 1982a : 223 , f . 432 - 435 ( f ) . araneus pahalgaonensis yin et al . , 1990 : 38 , f . 91 - 93 ( f ) . araneus pahalgaonensis yin et al . , 1997d : 179 , f . 95a - d ( f ) . araneus pahalgaonensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 139i , m - n , 148o ( f ) .\nepeira bandelieri simon , 1891c : 10 , pl . 1 ( d f ) . araneus bandelieri petrunkevitch , 1911 : 281 . araneus bandelieri levi , 1991a : 214 , f . 113 - 115 ( f ) .\naranea hispaniola bryant , 1945a : 366 , f . 2 ( d f ) . araneus hispaniola brignoli , 1983c : 262 . araneus hispaniola levi , 1991a : 263 , f . 365 - 368 ( f ) .\naraneus pseudosturmii yin et al . , 1990 : 25 , f . 62 - 63 ( d f ) . araneus pseudosturmii yin et al . , 1997d : 150 , f . 65a - b ( f ) . araneus pseudosturmii song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 140a , 148f ( f ) . araneus pseudosturmii yin et al . , 2012 : 615 , f . 298a - b ( f ) .\naraneus viridiventris yaginuma , in ohno & yaginuma , 1969 : 21 , f . 3a - f ( d m f ) . araneus viridiventris yaginuma , 1986a : 101 , f . 54 . 1 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris chikuni , 1989b : 69 , f . 24 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris yin et al . , 1990 : 22 , f . 51 - 57 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris kim et al . , 1995 : 88 , f . 1 - 2 ( f ) . araneus viridiventris yin et al . , 1997d : 142 , f . 57a - h ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141j - k , n , 145d , 149m ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris chang & tso , 2004 : 27 , f . 1 - 4 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris tanikawa , 2007c : 83 , f . 245 , 689 - 691 ( m f ) . araneus viridiventris tanikawa , 2009 : 455 , f . 265 - 267 ( m f ) .\nas with other members of the genus , a . quadratus macerates its prey , rather than merely injecting digestive juices , sucking out the resulting\nsoup\nand leaving an empty husk . the cheliceral teeth sported by the araneids must help in this process ( conversely , those groups which leave an empty husk after consuming their prey often have relatively small cheliceral teeth ( e . g , theridiidae and thomisidae ) [ 15 ] .\naraneus motuoensis yin et al . , 1990 : 36 , f . 87 - 90 ( d f ) . araneus motuoensis yin et al . , 1997d : 176 , f . 93a - d ( f ) . araneus motuoensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 139c - d , 148k ( f ) . araneus motuoensis hu , 2001 : 445 , f . 288 . 1 - 2 ( f ) .\naraneus aethiopissa simon , 1907d : 291 ( d f ) . larinia badiana roewer , 1961b : 49 , f . 12a - e ( d m f ) . araneus aethiopissa grasshoff , 1970b : 218 ( s ) .\naraneus amabilis tanikawa , 2001b : 82 , f . 69 - 72 , 75 - 76 ( d m f ) . araneus amabilis tanikawa , 2007c : 84 , f . 251 - 255 , 697 - 698 ( m f ) . araneus amabilis tanikawa , 2009 : 457 , f . 273 - 274 ( m f ) .\naraneus celebensis merian , 1911 : 219 , pl . 9 , f . 6 ( d m f ) .\naraneus comptus fuscocapitatus rainbow , 1916a : 109 , pl . 22 , f . 29 ( d f ) .\naraneus dayongensis yin et al . , 1990 : 22 , f . 58 - 61 ( d f ) . araneus dayongensis yin et al . , 1997d : 147 , f . 62a - d ( f ) . araneus dayongensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 137a - b , 147k ( f ) . araneus daoyongensis yin et al . , 2012 : 601 , f . 289a - d ( f ) .\naraneus dianiphus xanthostichus rainbow , 1916a : 107 , pl . 22 , f . 26 ( d f ) .\naraneus iriomotensis tanikawa , 2001b : 71 , f . 24 - 25 , 32 - 35 ( d m f ) . araneus iriomotensis tanikawa , 2007c : 87 , f . 265 - 266 , 721 - 724 ( m f ) . araneus iriomotensis tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 297 - 300 ( m f ) .\naraneus legonensis grasshoff & edmunds , 1979 : 303 , f . 1 - 11 ( d m f ) .\naraneus mariposa levi , 1973 : 502 , f . 107 , 122 - 137 ( d m f ) .\naraneus mayumiae tanikawa , 2001b : 81 , f . 56 - 57 , 62 - 66 ( d m f ) . araneus mayumiae tanikawa , 2007c : 81 , f . 233 - 234 , 668 - 671 ( m f ) . araneus mayumiae tanikawa , 2009 : 452 , f . 242 - 245 ( m f ) .\naraneus menglunensis yin et al . , 1990 : 41 , f . 94 - 99 ( d m ) . araneus menglunensis yin et al . , 1997d : 187 , f . 104a - h ( m ) . araneus menglunensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 143k - l , 148i ( m ) . araneus menglunensis yin et al . , 2012 : 607 , f . 293a - f ( m ) .\naraneus obscurissimus caporiacco , 1934a : 156 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ( d m f ) .\naraneus octumaculalus han & zhu , 2010a : 58 , f . 1 - 6 ( d m f ) .\naraneus parvulus rainbow , 1900a : 489 , pl . 24 , f . 3 ( d m f ) .\naraneus pontii caporiacco , 1934a : 154 , pl . 3 , f . 12 ( d m f ) .\nepeira prospiciens thorell , 1890a : 138 ( d m f ) . araneus prospiciens simon , 1899a : 92 .\naraneus ryukyuanus tanikawa , 2001b : 67 , f . 5 - 8 , 19 - 21 ( d m f ) . araneus ryukyuanus tanikawa , 2007c : 87 , f . 262 - 263 , 714 - 716 ( m f ) . araneus ryukyuanus tanikawa , 2009 : 457 , f . 290 - 292 ( m f ) .\naraneus scutigerens hogg , 1900 : 100 , pl . 15 , f . 2 ( d m f ) .\naraneus tuscarora levi , 1973 : 514 , f . 204 - 214 , 444 ( d m f ) .\naraneus ventricosus hakonensis uyemura , 1961 : 106 , f . 9 , pl . 7 ( d f ) .\naraneus yasudai tanikawa , 2001b : 72 , f . 26 - 27 , 36 - 38 ( d m f ) . araneus yasudai tanikawa , 2007c : 88 , f . 267 - 268 , 725 - 727 ( m f ) . araneus yasudai tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 301 - 303 ( m f ) .\naraneus zhaoi zhang & zhang , 2002 : 22 , f . 1a - e ( d m f ) .\naraneus circumbasilaris yin et al . , 1990 : 29 , f . 69 - 73 ( d f ) . araneus circumbasilaris yin et al . , 1997d : 165 , f . 81a - e ( f ) . araneus circumbasilaris song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 136p - r , 147j ( f ) . araneus circumbasilaris song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 187 , f . 109a - d ( f ) .\naraneus yuanminensis yin et al . , 1990 : 26 , f . 64 - 68 ( d f ) . araneus yuanminensis yin et al . , 1997d : 154 , f . 70a - e ( f ) . araneus yuanminensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 242 , f . 141r - t , 149n ( f ) . araneus yuanminensis song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 196 , f . 117a - e ( f ) .\nbristowe ( 1958 [ 4 ] ) noted that it was\n. . . certainly our heaviest as well as one of our most handsome spiders\n. indeed parker reported the find of an impressive a . quadratus which weighed in at 2 . 25 grams , on a field week at juniper hall in 1979 ( jones , 1980 [ 5 ] ) . elsewhere its size is also remarked upon , as is its egg - laying capabilities . bristowe claimed a\nrecord in child birth\nfor quadratus , having noted that a\n. . . large specimen will lay more than 900 eggs which weigh twice as much as she does after the operation is completed\n. this is confirmed by wunderlich ( sauer and wunderlich , 1985 [ 6 ] ) , who reports a gravid female , initially weighing 1 . 1 grams , reducing to just 0 . 3 grams after laying !\naraneus auriculatus song & zhu , 1992c : 167 , f . 1a - d ( d m f ) . araneus auriculatus song & li , 1997 : 411 , f . 13a - d ( m f ) . araneus auriculatus yin et al . , 1997d : 144 , f . 59a - e ( m f ) . araneus auriculatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 135m - n , 142i - j ( m f ) . araneus auriculatus zhu & zhang , 2011 : 198 , f . 138a - d ( m f ) . araneus auriculatus yin et al . , 2012 : 598 , f . 287a - c ( f ) .\naraneus gratiolus yin et al . , 1990 : 32 , f . 78 - 80 ( d f ) . araneus gratiolus yin et al . , 1997d : 170 , f . 86a - c ( f ) . araneus gratiolus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 138a - b , 148b ( f ) .\naraneus triguttatus saito , 1934b : 326 , pl . 13 , f . 23 , pl . 15 , f . 66 ( f , misidentified ) . araneus triguttatus saito , 1959 : 90 , f . 106a - d ( f , misidentified ) . araneus triguttatus yaginuma , 1960 : 55 , f . 51 ( f , misidentified ) . araneus hoshi tanikawa , 2001b : 73 , f . 39 - 40 , 45 - 48 ( d m f ) . araneus hoshi tanikawa , 2007c : 88 , f . 269 - 270 , 728 - 731 ( m f ) . araneus hoshi tanikawa , 2009 : 459 , f . 304 - 307 ( m f ) .\naraneus linshuensis yin et al . , 1990 : 35 , f . 84 - 86 ( d f ) . araneus linshuensis yin et al . , 1997d : 173 , f . 90a - c ( f ) . araneus linshuensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 138m - n , 148g ( f ) .\naraneus tenerius yin et al . , 1990 : 45 , f . 111 - 116 ( d f ) . araneus tenerius yin et al . , 1997d : 192 , f . 109a - f ( f ) . araneus tenerius song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140m - o , 149d ( f ) .\naraneus shunhuangensis yin et al . , 1990 : 18 , f . 43 - 46 ( d f ) . araneus shunhuangensis yin et al . , 1997d : 134 , f . 49a - d ( f ) . araneus shunhuangensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140f - h , 149a ( f ) . araneus shunhuangensis yin , griswold & xu , 2007 : 3 , f . 2a - f ( d m ) . araneus shunhuangensis yin et al . , 2012 : 616 , f . 299a - j ( m f ) .\naraneus diadematoides zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 55 , f . 17 - 19 ( d f ) . araneus diadematoides yin et al . , 1997d : 166 , f . 82a - c ( f ) . araneus diadematoides song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 137c - d , 147l ( f ) . araneus diadematoides song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 188 , f . 110a - c ( f ) .\naraneus diffinis zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 56 , f . 20 - 22 ( d f ) . araneus diffinis yin et al . , 1997d : 202 , f . 119a - c ( f ) . araneus diffinis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 137h - i , 147n ( f ) . araneus diffinis song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 190 , f . 112a - c ( f ) .\naranea faxoni bryant , 1940 : 334 , f . 102 - 103 ( d f ) . araneus faxoni brignoli , 1983c : 262 . araneus faxoni levi , 1991a : 264 , f . 369 - 371 ( f ) .\naraneus qianshan zhu , zhang & gao , 1998 : 30 , f . 1 - 4 ( d f ) . araneus qianshan song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 240 , f . 140b - c ( f ) .\naraneus affinis zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 53 , f . 4 - 6 ( d m ) . araneus affinis yin et al . , 1997d : 155 , f . 71a - c ( m ) . araneus affinis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 236 , f . 134m , 135a , 146l ( m ) .\naraneus aksuensis yin , xie & bao , 1996 : 1 , f . 1 - 5 ( d f ) . araneus aksuensis yin et al . , 1997d : 155 , f . 72a - e ( f ) . araneus aksuensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 237 , f . 135b - d , 146m ( f ) .\naraneus elongatus yin , wang & xie , 1989 : 331 , f . 5 - 9 ( d f ) . araneus elongatus yin et al . , 1997d : 137 , f . 52a - e ( f ) . araneus elongatus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 238 , f . 137l - n , 147o ( f ) .\naraneus guandishanensis zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 57 , f . 23 - 24 ( d m ) . araneus guandishanensis yin et al . , 1997d : 171 , f . 87a - c ( m ) . araneus guandishanensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 143e - f , 148c ( m ) .\naraneus taigunensis zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 58 , f . 36 - 38 ( d m ) . araneus taigunensis yin et al . , 1997d : 182 , f . 98a - c ( m ) . araneus taiguensis song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 241 , f . 140j - k , 149c ( m ) .\nepeira semi - nigra l . koch , 1878c : 737 ( dj ) . aranea semi - nigra b\u00f6senberg & strand , 1906 : 235 . araneus mongolicus saito , 1959 : 87 , f . 95a - e ( f , misidentified ) . araneus mongolicus yaginuma , 1961a : 82 , f . f ( m , misidentified ) . araneus seminiger namkung , 1964 : 37 , f . 25 ( d f ) . araneus tartaricus yaginuma , 1986a : 94 , f . 49 . 4 ( m f , misidentified ) . araneus miyashitai tanikawa , 2001b : 77 , f . 54 - 55 , 58 - 61 ( d m f ) . araneus tartaricus namkung , 2002 : 249 , f . 19 . 11a - c ( f , misidentified ) . araneus seminiger ono , 2002a : 58 , f . 21 - 22 ( s m ) . araneus seminiger namkung , 2003 : 251 , f . 19 . 11a - c ( f ) . araneus seminiger tanikawa , 2007c : 78 , f . 218 - 220 , 643 - 644 ( m f ) . araneus seminiger tanikawa , 2009 : 450 , f . 220 - 221 ( m f ) . araneus seminiger kim & lee , 2012b : 29 , f . 17a - b ( f ) .\naraneus marmoroides schenkel , 1953b : 35 , f . 17a - e ( d m ) . araneus marmoroides zhu , tu & hu , 1988 : 58 , f . 31 - 35 ( m , d f ) . araneus marmoroides chen & gao , 1990 : 46 , f . 50a - b ( m f ) . araneus marmoroides yin et al . , 1997d : 175 , f . 92a - e ( m f ) . araneus marmoroides song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 239 , f . 138q - r , 143i - j ( m f ) . araneus marmoroides song , zhu & chen , 2001 : 191 , f . 113a - e ( m f ) .\naraneus acachmenus rainbow , 1916a : 98 , pl . 21 , f . 14 - 15 ( d f ) .\naraneus acusisetus zhu & song , in zhu et al . , 1994 : 27 , f . 2a - c ( d m ) . araneus acusisetus yin et al . , 1997d : 143 , f . 58a - c ( m ) . araneus acusisetus song , zhu & chen , 1999 : 236 , f . 134k - l , 146k ( m ) . araneus acusisetus tanikawa , 2001b : 83 , f . 73 - 74 , 77 - 78 ( m , d f ) . araneus fuscocoloratoides namkung , 2002 : 254 , 620 , f . 19 . 16a - b ( d m f ) . araneus acusisetus namkung , 2003 : 255 , f . 19 . 15a - b ( m f , s ) . araneus acusisetus tanikawa , 2007c : 82 , f . 238 - 239 , 679 - 680 ( m f ) . araneus acusisetus tanikawa , 2009 : 455 , f . 255 - 256 ( m f ) . araneus acusisetus kim & lee , 2012b : 17 , f . 6a - c ( m f ) .\naraneus agastus rainbow , 1916a : 104 , pl . 22 , f . 20 - 21 ( d f ) .\naraneus albabdominalis zhu et al . , 2005 : 508 , f . 3a - e ( d m f ) ."]}
{"id": 664, "summary": [{"text": "elachista antonia is a moth of the elachistidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found on crete .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is 2.8 \u2013 3.8 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewing costa is narrowly dark grey basally , the ground colour consisting of ochreous , slightly darker tipped scales .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are shorter grey fringe scales distally , forming an indistinct fringe line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are pale grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "elachista antonia", "paragraphs": ["elachista antonia is a moth of the elachistidae family . it is found on crete .\nantonia\n, a love interest of james t . kirk in star trek 7 ' generations '\nfigures 7\u201312 . external appearance of elachista species . fig . 7 and 8 : e . titanella kaila & jalava , \u2642 paratypes ( russia : c . caucasus ) ; fig . 9 : e . antonia sp . n . , \u2642 holotype ; fig . 10 : e . antonia sp . n . , \u2642 paratype ( greece , crete ) ; fig . 11 : e . slivenica sp . n . , \u2642 holotype ; fig . 12 : e . slivenica sp . n . , \u03c8 paratype ( bulgaria , sliven ) .\nfigures 38\u201341 . male genitalia of elachista antonia sp . n . figs . 38 , 39 : general view , 40 , 41 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 38 , 40 : holotype , l . kaila prep . 3258 ; figs . 39 , 41 : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4388 .\nfigures 7 \u2013 12 . external appearance of elachista species . fig . 7 and 8 : e . titanella kaila & jalava , \u2642 paratypes ( russia : c . caucasus ) ; fig . 9 : e . antonia sp . n . , \u2642 holotype ; fig . 10 : e . antonia sp . n . , \u2642 paratype ( greece , crete ) ; fig . 11 : e . slivenica sp . n . , \u2642 holotype ; fig . 12 : e . slivenica sp . n . , \u03c8 paratype ( bulgaria , sliven ) .\nfigures 38 \u2013 41 . male genitalia of elachista antonia sp . n . figs . 38 , 39 : general view , 40 , 41 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 38 , 40 : holotype , l . kaila prep . 3258 ; figs . 39 , 41 : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4388 .\nfrey , h . ( 1859 ) das tineen - genus elachista . ein versuch . linnea entomologica , 13 , 172\u2013314 .\nkaila , lauri , 2007 , a taxonomic revision of the elachista bedellella ( sircom ) complex ( lepidoptera : elachistidae : elachistinae ) , zootaxa 1629 , pp . 1 - 25 : 7 - 9\nkaila , l . ( 1997 ) a revision of the nearctic species of elachista s . l . ii . the argentella group ( lepidoptera , elachistidae ) . acta zoologica fennica , 206 , 1\u201393 .\ntraugott - olsen , e . ( 1985 ) three new elachista - species & supplement to the description of the five n . sp from sierra nevada . shilap revista de lepidopterologica , 13 , 169\u2013174 .\nfigure 58 . male genitalia of elachista species ( phallus in lateral view ) . a : e . bedellella ( sircom ) , l . kaila prep . 3414 ; b : e . bedellella ( sircom ) , l . kaila prep . 3340 ; c : e . lugdunensis frey , lectotype , bm 19385 ; d : e . lugdunensis frey ( paratype of e . coeneni traugott - olsen ) , l . kaila prep . 4106 ; e : e . titanella kaila & jalava , paratype , l . kaila prep . 3416 ; f : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4111 ; g : e . antonia sp . n . , holotype , l . kaila prep . 3258 ; h : . . .\nfigure 58 . male genitalia of elachista species ( phallus in lateral view ) . a : e . bedellella ( sircom ) , l . kaila prep . 3414 ; b : e . bedellella ( sircom ) , l . kaila prep . 3340 ; c : e . lugdunensis frey , lectotype , bm 19385 ; d : e . lugdunensis frey ( paratype of e . coeneni traugott - olsen ) , l . kaila prep . 4106 ; e : e . titanella kaila & jalava , paratype , l . kaila prep . 3416 ; f : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4111 ; g : e . antonia sp . n . , holotype , l . kaila prep . 3258 ; h : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4388 .\nkaila , lauri ( 2007 ) : a taxonomic revision of the elachista bedellella ( sircom ) complex ( lepidoptera : elachistidae : elachistinae ) . zootaxa 1629 : 1 - 25 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 179345\nkaila , l . & jalava , j . ( 1994 ) elachista adelpha sp . n . , e . coeneni titanella ssp . n . , and other elachistidae ( lepidoptera ) from north caucasus . entomologica fennica , 5 , 97\u2013102 .\nfigures 60\u201361 . female genitalia of elachista species . fig . 60 : e . bedellella ( sircom ) , italy , l . kaila prep . 4346 ; fig . 61 : e . lugdunensis frey , spain , l . kaila prep . 4390 .\nkaila , l . & junnilainen , j . , ( 2002 ) taxonomy and identification of elachista cingillella ( h . - s . ) and its close relatives ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) , with descriptions of two new species . entomologica fennica , 13 , 167\u2013188 .\nfigures 62\u201363 . female genitalia of elachista species . fig . 62 : e . slivenica sp . n . , paratype , l . kaila prep . 4721 ; fig . 63 : e . camilla sp . n . , paratype , l . kaila prep . 4392 .\nfigures 54\u201357 . male genitalia of elachista camilla sp . n . figs . 54 , 55 : general view , 56 , 57 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 54 , 56 : holotype , l . kaila prep . 3341 ; figs . 55 , 57 : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4114 .\nfigures 50\u201353 . male genitalia of elachista versicolora sp . n . figs . 50 , 51 : general view , 52 , 53 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 50 , 52 : holotype , l . kaila prep . 4108 ; figs . 51 , 53 : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4372 .\nfigures 46\u201349 . male genitalia of elachista dorinda sp . n . figs . 46 , 47 : general view , 48 , 49 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 46 , 48 : holotype , l . kaila prep . 4870 ; figs . 47 , 49 : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4872 .\nfigures 34\u201337 . male genitalia of elachista titanella kaila & jalava . figs . 34 , 35 : general view , 36 , 37 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 34 , 36 : paratype , l . kaila prep . 3416 ; figs . 35 , 37 : paratype , l . kaila prep . 4111 .\nfigures 26\u201329 . male genitalia of elachista bedellella ( sircom ) . figs . 26 , 27 : general view , 28 , 29 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 26 , 28 : denmark , l . kaila prep . 3414 ; figs . 27 , 29 : sweden , l . kaila prep . 3340 .\nfigures 42\u201345 . male genitalia of elachista slivenica sp . n . figs . 42 , 43 : general view , 44 , 45 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 42 , 44 : holotype , l . kaila prep . 4268 ; figs . 43 , 45 : paratype , l . kaila prep . n . 4101 .\nfigures 30\u201333 . male genitalia of elachista lugdunensis frey . figs . 30 , 31 : general view , 32 , 33 : juxta in ventral view . figs . 30 , 32 : lectotype , bm 19385 ; figs . 31 , 33 : paratype of e . coeneni traugott - olsen , france , l . kaila prep . 4106 .\nfigures 1\u20136 . external appearance of elachista species . fig . 1 : e . bedellella ( sircom ) , \u2642 ( italy ) ; fig . 2 : e . bedellella ( sircom ) , \u03c8 ( italy ) ; fig . 3 : e . lugdunensis frey , \u2642 lectotype ( germany ) ; fig . 4 : e . lugdunensis frey , \u03c8 ( spain ) ; fig . 5 : e . lugdunensis frey , \u2642 ( france ) ; fig . 6 : e . lugdunensis frey , \u03c8 ( france ) .\nfigures 13\u201318 . external appearance of elachista species . fig . 13 : e . dorinda sp . n . , \u2642 holotype ; fig . 14 : e . dorinda sp . n . , \u2642 paratype ( turkey , konya ) ; fig . 15 : e . versicolora sp . n . , \u2642 holotype ; fig . 16 . e . versicolora sp . n . , \u2642 paratype ( russia , buryatia ) ; fig . 17 : e . camilla sp . n . , \u2642 holotype ; fig . 18 : e . camilla sp . n . , \u03c8 paratype .\nfigures 19\u201325 . male genitalia of elachista species ( juxta in lateral aspect ) . fig . 19 : e . bedellella ( sircom ) , l . kaila prep . 4113 ; fig . 20 : e . lugdunensis ( frey ) , l . kaila prep . 4393 ; fig . 21 : e . titanella kaila & jalava , paratype , l . kaila prep . 4112 ; fig . 22 : e . slivenica sp . n . , paratype , l . kaila prep . 4386 ; fig . 23 : e . dorinda sp . n . , paratype , l . kaila prep . 4871 ; e . versicolora sp . n . , paratype , l . kaila prep . 4109 ; e . camilla sp . . . .\nfigure 59 . male genitalia of elachista species ( phallus in lateral view ) . a : e . slivenica sp . n . , holotype , l . kaila prep . 4268 ; b : e . slivenica sp . n . , paratype , l . kaila prep . n . 4101 ; c : e . dorinda sp . n . , holotype , l . kaila prep . 4870 ; d : e . dorinda sp . n . , paratype , l . kaila prep . 4872 ; e : e . versicolora sp . n . , holotype , l . kaila prep . 4108 ; f : e . versicolora sp . n . , paratype , l . kaila prep . 4372 ; g : e . camilla . . .\nholotype , \u010f : greece : w . crete , omalos , 1200 m , 25 . \u2013 30 . v . 2000 m . fibiger , p . svendsen , d . nilsson & a . madsen leg . , l . kaila prep . 3258 ( zmuc\n) . paratypes ( 2 \u010f ) : greece : w . crete , omalos , 1100\u20131200 m , 28 . vii . \u2013 2 . viii . 2001 1 \u010f d . nilsson , a . madsen , m . fibiger & g . jeppesen leg . ( l . kaila prep . 4282 , zmuc\n) ; w . crete , kallergi mts . , 1450\u20131550 m , 28 . \u2013 30 . vii . 2001 1 \u010f d . nilsson , a . madsen , m . fibiger & g . jeppesen leg . ( l . kaila prep . 4388 , mzh\n) . it is distinguished from the other species by the short juxta lobes ( figs . 40 , 41\n) and by the lack of cornutus in the male genitalia ( figs . 58\nno known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nlauri kaila finnish museum of natural history , zoological museum , p . o . box 17 , fi - 00014 university of helsinki , finland\nalbrecht , a . & kaila , l . ( 1997 ) variation of wing venation in elachistidae ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea ) : methodology and implications to systematics . systematic entomology , 22 , 185\u2013198 .\nherrich - sch\u00e4ffer , g . a . w . ( 1847\u20131855 ) systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa . 399 pp . , 124 pls . , vol . 5 , regensburg .\nkaila , l . ( 1999 ) phylogeny and classification of the elachistidae s . s . ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea ) . systematic entomology , 24 , 139\u2013169 .\nkaila , l . ( 2004 ) fauna europaea : elachistidae . fauna europaea : lepidoptera , moths . fauna europaea version 1 . 1 , http : / / www . faunaeur . org .\nkristensen , n . p . ( 2003 ) skeleton and muscles : adults . in : kristensen , n . p . ( ed . ) , lepidoptera , moths and butterflies vol . 2 : morphology , physiology , and development . handbuch der zoologie / handbook of zoology iv : arthropoda : insecta , teilband / part 36 . walter de gruyter gmbh . & co . berlin & new york , pp . 39\u2013131 .\nparenti , u . ( 1977 ) revisione degli elachistidi ( lepidoptera , elachistidae ) paleartici . iv . le species di elachistidi descritte da h . frey e p . c . zeller . bollettino del museo di zoologia dell\u2019universit\u00e0 di torino , 3 , 19\u201350 .\nparenti , u . & dominguez , m . ( 1995 ) su alcuni elachistidi della penisola iberica . ( lepidoptera , elachistidae ) . bollettino della societa entomologica italiana , 127 , 147\u2013152 .\nsircom , j . ( 1848 ) description of lophoptilus staintoni and microsetia bedellella , two new british moths of the family tineidae . zoologist , 6 , 2037 .\nsvensson , i . ( 1974 ) catalogus insectorum sueciae . vi . microlepidoptera ( 1946 ) . additamenta ii . entomologisk tidskrift , 95 , 151\u2013171 .\ntraugott - olsen , e . & schmidt nielsen , e . ( 1977 ) the elachistidae ( lepidoptera ) of fennoscandia and denmark . fauna entomologica scandinavica , vol . 6 , 299 pp .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthe source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .\nwould you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .\nit will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .\ni use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .\nof perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .\nthis page was last edited on 30 march 2018 , at 23 : 06 .\nbasis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .\nwe believe that this request has either come from an unwelcome search engine , from a data grabber , or that an attempt is being made to hack the site . as a result your request has been refused . please email us if you believe that our decision is incorrect .\nwir glauben , dass dieser antrag que entweder von einer unwillkommenen suchmaschine gekommen ist , ab dem zeitpunkt grabber , oder que versuch wird gemacht , die website zu hacken . als ergebnis hat ihre anfrage abgelehnt . bitte mailen sie uns , wenn sie que unsere entscheidung glauben , ist falsch .\ncreemos que esta solicitud ha provenir de un motor de b\u00fasqueda no deseado , desde el capturador de fecha , o que un intento que se est\u00e1 haciendo para hackear el sitio . como resultado de su solicitud ha sido rechazada . por favor , correo electr\u00f3nico si usted cree que nuestra decisi\u00f3n es incorrecta .\nnous croyons que cette demande a soit provenir d ' un moteur de recherche importune , de la date grabber , ou que une tentative est fait pour pirater le site . en cons\u00e9quence votre demande a \u00e9t\u00e9 refus\u00e9e . s ' il vous pla\u00eet nous contacter si vous croyez que notre d\u00e9cision est incorrecte .\ncrediamo que questa richiesta \u00e8 sia venuto da un motore di ricerca sgradita , a partire dalla data grabber , o que un tentativo \u00e8 stato fatto per hackerare il sito . di conseguenza la richiesta \u00e8 stata rifiutata . vi preghiamo di inviarci se si ritiene que la nostra decisione non \u00e8 corretta .\nwij geloven que dit verzoek is ofwel afkomstig uit een onwelkome zoekmachine , vanaf de datum grabber , of que een poging wordt gedaan om de site te hacken . als gevolg van uw verzoek is geweigerd . stuur ons een email als u denkt que onze beslissing onjuist is .\nque acreditamos que este pedido tem ou vir de um motor de busca desejados , a partir de uma data grabber , ou que uma tentativa est\u00e1 sendo feita para invadir o local . como resultado o seu pedido foi recusado . por favor envie - nos se voc\u00ea acredita que nossa decis\u00e3o est\u00e1 incorreta .\n2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by dr . lauri kaila\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi"]}
{"id": 667, "summary": [{"text": "depressaria filipjevi is a moth in the depressariidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by alexandr l. lvovsky in 1981 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in the russian far east ( amur ) . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "depressaria filipjevi", "paragraphs": ["filipjevi lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 80\ndepressaria genistella walsingham , 1903 ; ent . mon . mag . 39 : 266\ndepressaria radiosquamella walsingham , 1898 ; ent . mon . mag . 34 : 132\ndepressaria hystricella m\u00f6schler , 1860 ; wien . ent . monats . 4 : 275\ndepressaria subalbipunctella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 78\ndepressaria irregularis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1090\ndepressaria krasnowodskella hannemann , 1953 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 29 : 314\ndepressaria kollari zeller , 1854 ; linn . ent . 9 : 336 ; tl : sidney\ndepressaria bupleurella heinemann , 1870 ; schmett . dtl . scweitz . ( 2 ) 3 : 171\ndepressaria beckmanni heinemann , 1870 ; schmett . dtl . scweitz . ( 2 ) 3 : 179\ndepressaria nemolella svensson , 1982 ; ent . scand . 13 ( 3 ) : 293 ; tl : sweden\ndepressaria ivinskisi lvovsky , 1990 ; ent . obozr . 69 ( 3 ) : ( 638 - 655 )\ndepressaria hannemanniana lvovsky , 1990 ; ent . obozr . 69 ( 3 ) : ( 638 - 655 )\ndepressaria rjabovi lvovsky , 1990 ; ent . obozr . 69 ( 3 ) : ( 638 - 655 )\ndepressaria zelleri staudinger , 1880 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 15 ( 2 - 3 ) : 300\ndepressaria assalella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 343 ; tl : gafsa\ndepressaria chlorothorax meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : palestine , nazareth\ndepressaria compactella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 133\ndepressaria niphosyrphas meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 5 ) : 120 ; tl : s . ussuri\ndepressaria saharae tabelli buchner , 2017 ; zookeys 684 : 143 ; tl : canary is . , tenerife , guimar\ndepressaria aurantiella tutt , 1893 ; ent . rec . j . var . 4 : 241 ; tl : deal\ndepressaria lacticapitella klimesch , 1942 ; zs . wiener entver . 27 : 148 , pl . 12 , f . 1\ndepressaria pentheri rebel , 1904 ; ann . mus . wien 19 : 360 , pl . 5 , f . 26\ndepressaria basicostata matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1089 ; tl : japan , sapporo\ndepressaria artemisiella mcdunnough , 1927 ; can . ent . 59 : 271 ; tl : seton l . , british columbia\ndepressaria discipunctella var . helladicella rebel , 1906 ; berl . ent . z . 50 ( 3 / 4 ) : 311\ndepressaria fuscipedella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 343 ; tl : frenda , oran\ndepressaria leptotaeniae clarke , 1933 ; can . ent . 65 : 87 , pl . 4 ; tl : pullman , washington\ndepressaria hofmanni stainton , 1861 ; nat . hist . br . tineina 6 : 176 , pl . 5 , f . 2\ndepressaria pyrenaella sumpich , 2013 ; ent . rec . j . var . 125 ( 3 ) : ( 114 - 118 )\ndepressaria taciturna meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 166 ; tl : simla\ndepressaria clausulata meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 74 ; tl : ngqeleni , west pondoland\ndepressaria colossella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 133 ; tl : tjutjuje\ndepressaria saharae gaston & vives , 2017 ; arquivos ent . 17 : 352 ; tl : spain , burgos , la vid , 850m\ndepressaria floridella mann , 1864 ; wien . ent . mon . 8 ( 6 ) : 186 , pl . 4 , f . 14\ndepressaria basicostata ; ridout , 1981 , ins . matsumurana 24 : 31 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; [ nhm card ]\ndepressaria panurga meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 289 ; tl : cape colony , knysna\ndepressaria prospicua meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 249 ; tl : cape colony , capetown\ndepressaria reticulatella bruand , 1851 ; m\u00e9m . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 39 ; tl : france\ndepressaria orthobathra meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 31 ; tl : natal , umkomaas ; zululand , nkwaleni\ndepressaria indecorella rebel , 1917 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 67 ( s . b . ) : 25 ; tl : orenburg\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 10\ndepressaria juliella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 9 ( 1 - 4 ) : 91 ; tl : pecos , new mexico\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) hystricella ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 11\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) taciturna ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 10\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) nomia ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 10\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) irregularis ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 10\ndepressaria sp . b ; mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 40 ( modoc co . , ca )\ndepressaria ultimella stainton , 1849 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 5 : 166 , pl . 17 , f . 6 ; tl : lewes\ndepressaria cinderella corley , 2002 ; nota lepid . 24 ( 4 ) : 29 ; tl : portugal , alto alentejo , serra de s\u00e3o mamede , minhota , 650m\ndepressaria cervicella herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , 1854 ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 5 ( 64 ) : 130 , ( 53 ) f . 431 - 432\ndepressaria despoliatella erschoff , 1874 ; in fedschenko , travels in turkestan . 2 ( 5 ) : 101 , pl . 6 , f . 113 ; tl : maracanda\ndepressaria rhodoscelis meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 288 ; tl : cape colony , gt . winthoek , 4500ft\ndepressaria ( depressariini ) ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 57 , 9 ; [ nacl ] , 12 ; [ fe ]\ndepressaria multifidae clarke , 1933 ; can . ent . 65 : 85 , pl . 4 ; tl : snake r . , whitman co . , opposite clarkston , washington\ndepressaria pteryxiphaga clarke , 1952 ; smithson . misc . collec . 117 : 16 , pl . 6 , f . 3 , 4 ; tl : ten sleep , wyoming\ndepressaria macrotrichella rebel , 1917 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 67 ( s . b . ) : 26 ; tl : schahkuh , n . iran\ndepressaria villosae corley & buchner , 2018 ; ent . rec . j . var . 130 : 105 ; tl : portugal , tr\u00e1s - os - montes , par\u00e2mio , vilarinho , 780m\ndepressaria nomia butler , 1879 ; ill . typical spec . lep . het . colln br . mus . 3 : 82 , pl . 60 , f . 13 ; tl : yokohama\ndepressaria atrostrigella clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 168 , pl . 35 , f . 194 ; tl : aweme , manitoba\ndepressaria palousella clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 171 , pl . 48 , f . 284 ; tl : pullmann , washington\ndepressaria constancei clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 5 , f . 2 , 9 ; tl : yreka , siskiyou co . , california\ndepressaria betina clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 9 , f . 3 , 10 ; tl : gilmer , klickitat co . , washington\ndepressaria moya clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 13 , f . 4 , 11 ; tl : hornbrook , siskiyou co . , california\ndepressaria kailai lvovsky , 2009 ; zoosyst . rossica 18 ( 1 ) : 70 ; tl : kazakhstan , 43\u00b024 ' n 75\u00b002 ' e , dzhambul prov . , 70km nne of frunze , 950m\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) bayindirensis buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 ; centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 11 ; tl : turkey , izmir , bayindir\ndepressaria besma clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 14 , f . 5 , 12 ; tl : fort lewis , pierce co . , washington\ndepressaria armata clarke , 1952 ; smithson . misc . collec . 117 : 19 , pl . 6 , f . 5 ; tl : slate peak , whatcom co . , washington , 6500 '\ndepressaria f . / sp . ? albiocellata staudinger , 1871 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 7 ( 1870 ) : 247 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; tl : greece\ndepressaria schellbachi clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 10 , f . 6 , 13 ; tl : sshohone point , grand canyon , arizon , 7050 '\ndepressaria angelicivora clarke , 1952 ; smithson . misc . collec . 117 : 15 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : macdonald pass , 15 mi w of helena , montana , 6100 '\ndepressaria eleanorae clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 178 , pl . 38 , f . 204 , pl . 47 , f . 279 ; tl : hymers , ontario\ndepressaria artemisiella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 67 , pl . 4 , f . 35 ; [ nacl ] , # 927 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria cinereocostella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 63 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 11 ; [ nacl ] , # 921 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria yakimae clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 185 , pl . 37 , f . 201 , pl . 48 , f . 285 ; tl : yakima , yakima co . , washington\ndepressaria sp . a ; mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39 ( park co . , wy , lemhi co . , ca , alpine co . , ca , modoc co . , ca )\ndepressaria togata ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 , pl . 5 , f . 11 - 12 , 15 ; [ nacl ] , # 939 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria alienella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 12 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 ; [ nacl ] , # 926 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria whitmani clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 182 , pl . 36 , f . 200 , pl . 48 , f . 286 ; tl : snake r . , whitman co . , wahsington , opposite clarkston\ndepressaria angustati clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 189 , pl . 36 , f . 198 , pl . 48 , f . 287 ; tl : skyline ridge , mt baker distr . , whatcom co . , washington , 6200 '\ndepressaria atrostrigella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 20 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 62 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ; [ nacl ] , # 918 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria schellbachi ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 125 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70 , pl . 4 , f . 38 ; [ nacl ] , # 931 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria angelicivora ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 14 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70 , pl . 4 , f . 39 ; [ nacl ] , # 932 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria yakimae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 148 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 71 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; [ nacl ] , # 934 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria moya ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 95 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 72 , pl . 5 , f . 8 ; [ nacl ] , # 936 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria besma ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 23 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; [ nacl ] , # 937 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria pteryxiphaga ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 118 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; [ nacl ] , # 938 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria armata ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 18 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 , pl . 5 , f . 14 ; [ nacl ] , # 940 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria angustati ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 14 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 , pl . 5 , f . 13 ; [ nacl ] , # 941 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria juliella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 65 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 17 ; [ nacl ] , # 923 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria eleanorae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 50 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 , pl . 4 , f . 21 - 22 ; [ nacl ] , # 925 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria constancei ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 38 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 67 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 31 ; [ nacl ] , # 928 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria whitmani ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 68 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 37 ; [ nacl ] , # 930 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria leptotaeniae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 81 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70 , pl . 4 , f . 40 - 41 ; [ nacl ] , # 933 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria multifidae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 95 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 72 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 935 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria betina ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 68 , pl . 4 , f . 23 , 32 - 34 ; [ nacl ] , # 929 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndoctype html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 57 ; [ nacl ] , 12 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ afromoths ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 57 ; [ nacl ] , 12 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\neu , . . . , nova scotia , s . canada , british columbia - arizona , washington . see [ maps ]\n= ; karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184 ; [ fe ]\n= ; karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184\nlarva on heracleum lanatum , pastinaca sativa hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 65 mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\ncanary is . , france , ausria , s . germany , . . . . see [ maps ]\neu , . . . , washington , british columbia , montana , sw . manitoba . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 63 ; [ nacl ] , # 919 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on artemisia drancunculoides hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 63\nmorocco , tunisia , spain , hungary , sicily , dalmatia , asia minor , palestine , . . . . see [ maps ]\nmarcella marcidella walsingham , 1907 ; ent . mon . mag . 43 : 215\nlarva on ( for prangosella ) prangos ferulacea walsingham , 1903 , ent . mon . mag . 39 : 268\nlibya , eu , caucasus , . . . , mongolia . see [ maps ]\nbadiella frustratella rebel , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 97\nhungary , balkans , greece , sweu , asia minor , palestine . see [ maps ]\nlarva on pimpinella villosa corley & buchner , 2018 , ent . rec . j . var . 130 : 105\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 65 ; [ nacl ] , # 924 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 ; [ nacl ] , # 924 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on cicuta douglasi hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 , oenanthe sarmentosa mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nswitzerland , dalmatia , balkans , sicily , . . . . see [ maps ]\nthoracella m\u00fcller - rutz , 1922 \u00b2 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 13 ( 5 ) : 237\n603x653 ( ~ 83kb ) russia : moscow area ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , 9 . 5 . 2009 , photo \u00a9\nsweu , sardinia , sicily , dalmatia , croatia , asia minor , palestine . see [ maps ]\nlarva on conopodium capillifolium corley , 2002 , nota lepid . 24 ( 4 ) : 31\nceu , hungary , dalmatia , austria , . . . , = . see [ maps ]\ndanilevskyi lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 73\ndjakonovi lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 82\nillepida hannemann , 1958 ; dt . ent . z . 5 1 : 461\njugurthella ( lucas , 1849 ) ( haemylis ) ; explor . sci . alg\u00e9rie ( zool . ) 3 : 411 , pl . 4 , f . 10\nkarmeliella amsel , 1935 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 20 ( 2 ) : 295\nkasyi hannemann , 1976 ; dt . ent . z . 23 ( 4 - 5 ) : 239\nkondarella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 75\nlongipennella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 75\nmanglisiella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 78\nparahofmanni hannemann , 1958 ; dt . ent . z . 5 1 : 564\npetronoma meyrick , 1934 \u00b2 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 475\nplatytaeniella hannemann , 1977 ; dt . ent . z . 24 ( 1 - 3 ) : 41\nschaidurovi lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 75\nsibirella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 80\nspectrocentra meyrick , 1935 \u00b2 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 593\nsubhirtipalpis hannemann , 1958 ; dt . ent . z . 5 1 : 463\ntabghaella amsel , 1935 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 20 ( 2 ) : 294\nvarzobella lvovsky , 1982 ; ent . obozr . 61 ( 3 ) : 582\nsw . manitoba , nova scotia - na . georgia , nebraska . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 921 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on oxypolis rigidior , sium suave , cicuta maculata , carum carvi , ligusticum scoticum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 64\nwashington , oregon , wyoming , utah , new mexico . see [ maps ]\nlarva on cicuta occidentals hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 65 , cicuta maculata mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nnova scotia , connecticut , s . canada , british columbia - california , arizona , northwest territories . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 ; [ nacl ] , # 926 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on artemisia , achillea hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 67\nlarva on artemisia hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 67\nlarva on lomatium californicum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 78\nlarva on lomatium nudicaule , l . triternatum , l . columbianum , l . dissectum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 68 , lomatium triternatum mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nlarva on lomatium macrocarpum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70\nlarva on lomatium macdougalii hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70\nlarva on angelica arguta hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70 mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nlarva on lomatium dissectum mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39 , leptotaenia multifida ?\nlarva on pteryxia terebenthina foeniculacea hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 72\nlarva on lomatium columbianum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 72 , lomatium grayi , pteryxia terebinthina var . californica , p . terebinthina var . foeniculacea mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nlarva on lomatium vaginatum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74\nlarva on lomatium utriculatum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74\nlarva on preryxia terebinthina hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74 , pteryxia terebinthina var . calcarea mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nmontana , british columbia - arizona , oregon , washington . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 939 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on lomatium ambiguum , lomatium triternatum macrocarpum , perideridia bolanderi , preryxia terebenthina foeniculacea hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 , lomatium togata , brandegei mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nlarva on lomatium brandegei hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75\nlarva on lomatium angustatum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 76\npleurota aragonella seebold , 1899 ; dt . ent . z . iris 11 ( 2 ) : 297 ( ragonot i . l . )\noecophora pavoniella amary , 1840 ; eserc . accad . aspir . nat . , napoli 2 ( 1 ) : 84 , pl . 6 , f . 1a - b\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nnat\u00fcrliche familien des thierreichs . aus dem franz\u00f6sischen , mit anmerkungen und zus\u00e4tzen in latreille ,\nlepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 6 . 2 . gelechioidea , oecophoridae\n) in the caucasus , with a discussion of the nomenclature of a . heracliana ( linnaeus )\nexploration scientifique de l ' algerie pendant les annees 1840 , 1841 , 1842 . histoire naturelle des animaux articules ( 3 ) insectes\nsp . n . - a confused species from south - western europe ( lep . : depressariidae )\nzeller , 1854 die depressarien und einige ihne nahe stehende gattungen linn . ent . 9 : 189 - 403 , pl . 2 - 3\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 669, "summary": [{"text": "mylothris spica , the spica dotted border is a butterfly in the pieridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in ghana and angola .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of wet forests .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the larvae feed on santalales species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "mylothris spica", "paragraphs": ["mylothris is confined to the african continent and includes 51 species , most of which are distributed across the forest belt from cameroon to western kenya .\nspecies share a number of characteristics : they have rounded wings with a black apex on the upperside forewings .\non the underside , fore and hindwings of most species have a single row of prominent black marginal spots , hence the butterflies in this genus are all known as dotted borders .\nthe flight is slow and deliberate , and in conjunction with the conspicuous appearance is indicative that the butterflies are distasteful to avian predators . it is likely that the toxins within their bodies are derived from the larval foodplants .\nall photographs , artwork , text & website design are the property of adrian hoskins ( unless otherwise stated ) and are protected by copyright . photographs or text on this website must not be reproduced in part or in whole or published elsewhere without prior written consent of adrian hoskins / urltoken\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthe website uses cookies to allow us to better understand how the site is used . by continuing to use this site , you consent to this policy . click to learn more .\nnotification will be sent to your e - mail address every time the item price is decreased .\ncopyright \u00a9 2012 insect designs . all rights reserved . abn : 75141197423 | ecommerce website by online visions\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\n2018 copyright . all rights reserved . the sponsored listings displayed above are served automatically by a third party . neither the service provider nor the domain owner maintain any relationship with the advertisers . in case of trademark issues please contact the domain owner directly ( contact information can be found in whois ) . privacy policy"]}
{"id": 671, "summary": [{"text": "leptomyrmex fragilis is a species of ant in the genus leptomyrmex .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "described by smith in 1859 , the species is endemic to indonesia and new guinea and the philippines . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "leptomyrmex fragilis", "paragraphs": ["senior synonym of leptomyrmex gracillimus : baroni urbani & wilson , 1987 : 2 ; of leptomyrmex femoratus , leptomyrmex maculatus , leptomyrmex wheeleri : lucky & ward , 2010 pdf : 34 .\nsenior synonym of leptomyrmex quadricolor : lucky & ward , 2010 pdf : 50 .\nno one has contributed data records for leptomyrmex rufipes yet . learn how to contribute .\ntree of life web project . 2004 . leptomyrmex . version 06 september 2004 ( temporary ) .\nyou must log in to access this functionality . you may create an account , or log in anonymously , here .\nemery , 1897 : 571 ( m . ) ; stitz , 1912 pdf : 507 ( m . ) ; lucvky & ward , 2010 : 36 ( ergatoid q . ) .\n20 times found in rainforest , 7 times found in lowland rainforest , 1 times found in montane rainforest , 1 times found in primary forest , 1 times found in lowland secondary rainforest , 1 times found in montane rainforest edge , 1 times found in secondary forest , 1 times found in secondary rainforest .\n9 times ground nest , 9 times ground forager ( s ) , 2 times under log , nest a , 2 times ex rotten log , 2 times ground strays rainforest , 2 times ground strays , 1 times ex coffee plantation , 1 times on low vegn . , 1 times on ground and foliage , 1 times leaf litter foragers , 1 times hole in ground , . . .\n54 times malaise trap , 2 times # 1061 , 2 times hg - vapor light , 2 times pan trap - yellow , 1 times flying in forest , 1 times fogging , 1 times hand aspirator , 1 times hg vapor light , 1 times pt - yellow , 1 times sweeping , 0 times yellow pan trap , . . .\nantweb content is licensed under a creative commons attribution license . we encourage use of antweb images . in print , each image must include attribution to its photographer and\nfrom urltoken\nin the figure caption . for websites , images must be clearly identified as coming from urltoken , with a backward link to the respective source page . see how to cite antweb .\nantweb is funded from private donations and from grants from the national science foundation , deb - 0344731 , ef - 0431330 and deb - 0842395 . c : 0\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nlucky & ward , 2010 pdf : 52 ( ergatoid q . , m . ) .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 681, "summary": [{"text": "gynnidomorpha permixtana , the coast conch , is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in china ( anhui , beijing , fujian , gansu , guizhou , hainan , hebei , heilongjiang , henan , hubei , liaoning , ningxia , shaanxi , shandong , shanghai , shanxi , sichuan , tianjin , xizang , zhejiang ) , afghanistan , iran , japan , korea , mongolia , russia and europe .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of waste ground , damp heathland and mosses .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the wingspan is 8 \u2013 12 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing yearly year round .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on alisma , gentiana , euphrasia and pedicularis species .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they feed within the stems of their host plant . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "gynnidomorpha permixtana", "paragraphs": ["in evaluation the efficacy of common paddy herbicides on control of some weeds in rice research institute of iran ( rrii ) in 2009 , results showed that few germination of arrow head seeds . detailed investigation revealed that the physical damage to seeds was because of shome moth larva feeding . after rearing moth larva in rrii plant protection laboratory , we found that these larvas belonged to tortricidae family . further systematic studied on this moth was conducted in iranian research institute of plant protection ( iripp ) and the moth was distinagueshed as gynnidomorpha permixtana ( denis & schifferm\u03ccller , 1775 ) . also this species was reaffirmed in spain . larva ' s recollecting in 2010 from field and insect rearing for five generations shows this moth activity on arrow head and larva feeding on seed and flowers of host plant and confirmed pervious surveys results . also life cycle and type of activity on host plant was studied at this survey . at the other hand due to available resource there aren ' t any published reports of this moth activity on arrowheads from the other countries , so this is the first report of gynnidomorpha permixtana ( lepidptera : tortricidae ) activity on sagittaria sp .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en\nurltoken\nnotes : endangered ( proposed as a future red data book species ) on waste ground , damp heathland and mosses in parts of southern england , wales , scotland and western ireland . not recorded in hampshire or on the isle of wight to date . wingspan 11 - 13 mm . the blackish grey suffusion at the middle of the outer margin of the median fascia and the grey suffusion in the distal half of the forewing are characteristic [ bradley ] . larva feeds within stems of water - plantain , lousewort and flowering rush .\n\u2022 mullet peninsula , co . mayo , ireland . \u2022 \u00a9 michael o donnell\nif you would like to help ukmoths by writing a short description for this species , it would be very much appreciated .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 17 03 : 06 : 05 page render time : 0 . 3252s total w / procache : 0 . 3670s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthere remain no validated records of this species , although the most likely come from maresfield ( 1940s ) and eastbourne ( pre - 1973 ) . ( pratt , 2011 ) .\nalthough recorded in sussex , the database has not as yet , been updated to include these records .\nthis translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .\nfarahpour hagani , atousa ; ; yaghoubi , bijan ; ; majidi - shilsar , farzad .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\n2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by dr leif aarvik\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi"]}
{"id": 682, "summary": [{"text": "lepidochrysops vera , the vera 's giant cupid , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in nigeria .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing in may and june . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "lepidochrysops vera", "paragraphs": ["libert , m . 2001 euchrysops butler et lepidochrysops hedicke : deux genres distincts ? description de quatre nouvelles especes et de deux nouvelles sous - especes ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . lambillionea 101 , 351 - 371 .\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nan extremely diverse african genus . most of the species are endemic to the cape region of south africa . larvae feed on lamiaceae and verbenaceae in early instars , and then are taken into ant nests , where they are tended by the ants , consuming ant larvae and pupae , until they pupate ( larsen 2005 ) .\nackery , p . r . , smith , c . r . & vane - wright , r . i . ( ed . ) 1995 carcasson ' s african butterflies . canberra : csiro .\nlarsen , t . b . 2005 butterflies of west africa . stenstrup , denmark : apollo books .\ncorrespondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 683, "summary": [{"text": "coelacanthopsis is an extinct genus of lobe-finned fish which lived during the carboniferous period .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the coelacanth is the only living example of the fossil coelacanth fishes actinistia .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "they are also the closest link between fish and the first amphibian creatures which made the transition from sea to land in the devonian period ( 408-362 million years ago ) .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "that such a creature could have existed for so long is nearly incredible , but some say that the cold depths of the west indian ocean at which the coelacanth thrives , and the small number of predators it has , may have helped the species survive eons of change .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "the coelacanth was first discovered in 1938 by marjorie courtenay latimer , the curator of a small museum in the port town of east london , as she was visiting a fisherman who would let her search through his boat 's catch for interesting specimens .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "ironically , marjorie was only visiting the sea captain to wish him a happy christmas when she first spotted the coelacanth 's oddly shaped , blue-gray fin protruding from beneath a mountain of fish .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "marjorie brought back the specimen to the museum where she compared it against images of known species , and ultimately realized what she had was no ordinary fish .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "after sending a rough drawing of the fish to professor j.l.b. smith , at rhodes university , grahamstown , who in turn confirmed that the creature she had discovered on the boat 's deck was indeed a prehistoric fish , a coelacanth to be exact .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "since then , coelacanth populations have been found near indonesia , south africa , and other unexpected places .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "while there have been enough sightings of the creature to indicate that there is more than one area where the species exists , it remains a highly protected and mysterious animal , a living fossil which may , or may not be the only creature from our past which has survived millions of years of evolution .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "some place it in the family rhabdodermatidae . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "coelacanthopsis", "paragraphs": ["coelacanthopsis is an extinct genus of lobe - finned fish which lived during the carboniferous period .\ncoelacanthopsis is an extinct genus of lobe - finned fish which lived during the carboniferous period . the coelacanth is the only living example of the fossil coelacanth fishes actinistia . they are also the closest link between fish and the first amphibian creatures which made the transition from sea to land in the devonian period ( 408 - 362 million y . . .\n\u0086 diplocercides heiligenstockiensis ( jessen , 1966 ) upper devon locality : bergisch - gladbach , germany .\ngenus : \u0086 chinlea - late trias locality : dockum group . usa : texas . north america\n\u0086 miguashaia grossi ( forey et al . , 2000 ) middle devon locality : lode formations , latvian\ngenus : \u0086 sassenia - lower trias locality : sticky keep formation , sassendalen gr . west spitsbergen\ngenus : \u0086 rebellatrix - lower triassic locality : sulphur mountain fm . british columbia , canada\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nwe don ' t know when or if this item will be back in stock .\nlist & earn rs . 250 * extra . available in bangalore , mumbai , chennai , hyderabad .\nenter your mobile number or email address below and we ' ll send you a link to download the free kindle app . then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone , tablet , or computer - no kindle device required .\nprime members enjoy unlimited free , fast delivery on eligible items , video streaming , ad - free music , exclusive access to deals & more .\nafter viewing product detail pages , look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\ncopyright \u00a9 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . accessibility , user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 685, "summary": [{"text": "chionodes adamas is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from southern quebec and manitoba to mississippi and texas .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae are leaf folders and tiers on quercus alba , quercus ilicifolia , quercus laurifolia , quercus prinus and quercus rubra . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "chionodes adamas", "paragraphs": ["chionodes adamas hodges , 1999 , n . sp . , mona fascicle 7 . 6\nadamas ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332\nchionodes adamas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 61 - 63 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes borzella bidzilya , 2000 ; beitr . ent . 50 ( 2 ) : 391\nno one has contributed data records for chionodes adam yet . learn how to contribute .\nchionodes soella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 21\nchionodes aprilella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 24\nchionodes flavipalpella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 33\nchionodes flavipalpella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes caucasiella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 34\nchionodes caucasiella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes frigidella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 50\nchionodes frigidella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes tantella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 64\nchionodes tantella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes attonita ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes ermolaevi bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 422 ; tl : sakhalin\nchionodes grandis clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : silverton , colorado\nchionodes tundra bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 421 ; tl : jamalo - nenetskiy ar\nchionodes pereyra clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : vero beach , florida\nchionodes stefaniae ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 699 ( list )\nchionodes salicella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 82 ; tl : skeena crossing , cassiar dist . , british colombia\nchionodes acerella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 78 ; tl : izman creek , kamloops distr . , british columbia\nchionodes tessa clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 246 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes canofusella clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 248 ; tl : encantada , brooks co . , texas\nchionodes bicolor clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 250 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes meridiochilensis king & montesinos , 2012 ; acta zool . cracov . 55 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : chile , region de biobio\nchionodes stefaniae schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 177 ; tl : galapagos , isabela , volcan darwin , 630m\nchionodes iridescens clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244 ; tl : american lake , pierce co . , washington\nchionodes pleroma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes scotodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes whitmanella clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 271 ; tl : pullmann , washington\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 6 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , gelechiinae ( part - chionodes )\nthe lepidoptera of white sands national monument , otero county , new mexico , usa 10 . a remarkable new white species of chionodes h\u00fcbner ( gelechiidae )\nchionodes sabinianae powell , 1959 ; ent . news 70 ( 5 ) : 127 ; tl : russelman park , mt diablo , contra costa co . , california\nchionodes soella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes aprilella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 141 , 31 ; [ fe ]\n= chionodes psilopterus ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes cusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 75 ; tl : alamosa , colorado\nchionodes offectus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 57 ; tl : boulder , colorado\nchionodes fimus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 76 ; tl : schrader lake , alaska\nchionodes tragicella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes luctuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 140 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes molitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 210 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 36 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes boreas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 43 - 44 ; tl : nordegg , alberta\nchionodes holosericella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 143 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes histon hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 61 ; tl : penticon creek , british columbia\nchionodes perpetuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 146 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes apolectella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 147 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hayreddini ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hinnella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes bastuliella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes nebulosella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 152 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes sagayica ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 63 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes nitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 84 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 59 ; tl : berkeley , alameda co , california\nchionodes oecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : palm springs , california\nchionodes lacticoma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes icriodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes litigiosa ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes pentadora ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes dryobathra ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 106 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes argosema ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes consona ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes eburata ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes salva ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes sepultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 60 ; tl : 6 mi nw newcastle , wyoming\nchionodes percultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 58 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 1 ; tl : washington mtns , near nogales , arizona\nchionodes plutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 91 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 69 ; tl : sanderson , terrell co . , texas\nchionodes nepos hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 71 ; tl : indio , riverside co . , california\nchionodes thyotes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 96 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : southmost , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes soter hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 39 - 41 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes ceryx hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : n key largo , florida\nchionodes rabula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 16 ; tl : parker island , highlands co . , florida\nchionodes cacula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 61 , 331 , pl . 5 , f . 1 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes emptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 17 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes drapeta hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 63 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 18 ; tl : key largo , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes paean hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 72 ; tl : jacumba , san diego co . , california\nchionodes cibus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 98 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 6 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes occlusus ; [ nacl ] , # 2101 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes suasor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 57 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 14 ; tl : huntsville state park , walker co . , texas\nchionodes esor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 19 ; tl : big pine key , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes tarmes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 66 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; tl : t2n r14w s31 , allegan co . , michigan\nchionodes macor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 88 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 62 ; tl : saratoga springs , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes irreptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 143 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 53 ; tl : garner state park , uvalde co . , texas\nchionodes restio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 148 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 58 - 59 ; tl : sonoma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes ludio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 152 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 64 ; tl : new lisbon , burlington co . , new jersey\nchionodes obelus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 186 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : hayfork ranger station , trinity co . , california\nchionodes kubai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 188 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 43 ; tl : pne hill , el dorado co . , california\nchionodes rectifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 199 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : pensacola , escambia co . , florida\nchionodes aleo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 71 ; tl : cedar pass campground , modoc co . , california\nchionodes rupex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 74 ; tl : green river lake , wind river range , wyoming\nchionodes fictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 58 ; tl : atigun pass & below , brooks range , alaska\nchionodes praecia hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : vineyard , utah co . , utah\nchionodes pulvis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 69 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : san bruno mtns , san mateo co . , california\nchionodes bios hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 191 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi n prescott , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes tannuolella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 32 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes lictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 62 ; tl : mt . shasta city , shasta co . , california\nchionodes procus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 70 ; tl : gran quivira national monument , socorro co . , new mexico\nchionodes lector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 121 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 25 - 26 ; tl : woodwardia canyon e , riverside co . , california\nchionodes sevir hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 137 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 24 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes baro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 144 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 54 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes popa hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 167 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : mint canyon , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes donatella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes petro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : 2 mi ne lakeside , san diego co . , california\nchionodes dolo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 198 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : dempster highway , km 155 , 1050m , yukon , canada\nchionodes praeco hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 209 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 34 - 35 ; tl : ocqueoc lake , presque isle co . , michigan\nchionodes manabiensis schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 180 ; tl : ecuador , manabi , parque nacional machalilla , los frailes , s 01\u00b029 . 340 ' , w 80\u00b046 . 868 40m\nchionodes hapsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 12 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes volo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 38 ; tl : fort davis , 5000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes landryi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 76 ; tl : lost river valley , 10 km s onefour , alberta , cadana\nchionodes factor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 60 ; tl : big bear lake , 6800 , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes trico hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 45 - 46 ; tl : hardy work center , lawrence co . , south dakoa\nchionodes impes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 227 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 70 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : kamiak butte , washington\nchionodes sannio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 70 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes stator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 32 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes meddix hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 73 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; tl : clear creek camp , se camp verde , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes pavor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; tl : camp baldy , san bernardino mtns , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes pacator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 53 ; tl : mt lowe , san gabriel mtns , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes regens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 61 ; tl : hackberry lake , valenine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes morus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 103 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 22 ; tl : ciervo hills , 18 mi sw medota , fresno co . , califoria\nchionodes cautor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 142 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 52 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes mikkolai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; tl : carmacks , 62\u00b005 ' n , 136\u00b020 ' w , yukon , canada\nchionodes franclemonti hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 65 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 2 - 4 ; tl : wrangle brook road , lakehurst , ocean co . , new jersey\nchionodes sanator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 60 ; tl : sw res sta , 5400 , chiricahua mts , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes repertor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 65 ; tl : 7 mi e jacob lake , coconino co . , 6800 ' , arizona\nchionodes elainae hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 50 ; tl : onion saddle , 7600 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes hospes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 61 - 62 ; tl : 9 mi sw atascadero , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes sponsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 81 ; tl : sierra diable wildlife management area , 6400 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes theurgis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 213 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi sw buean vista , 8700 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes imber hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine nationa wildlife reserve , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes naevus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 77 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 41 ; tl : cave creek canyon , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes davisi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 78 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 42 ; tl : southwest research station , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes delitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 58 ; tl : k bar ranch , chisos mtns , 3400 ' , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes bardus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 99 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : santa barbara island , channel island national park , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes metoecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 125 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 32 - 34 ; tl : snake creek , 3 mi nw midway , wasatch co . , utah\nchionodes optio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 154 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 32 ; tl : mt locke , davis mtns , 6700 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes agriodes ; [ nacl ] , # 2059 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes bustosorum metzler , 2016 ; zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 373 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . mon . , 106\u00b01 . 38 ' w ; 32\u00b046 . 60 ' n 4 , 000 '\nchionodes powelli hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ; tl : snake lake , 4 mi nw quincy , 4000 ' , plumas co . , california\nchionodes abavus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 64 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mts , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes obex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 39 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes munifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 76 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 40 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes sabinianae ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 48 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes rector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 56 - 57 ; tl : 5 mi n buena vista , 8200 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes fremor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes lusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 130 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 42 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes erro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 134 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 23 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes altor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 141 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 30 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes pinax hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 149 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 60 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes messor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 153 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 65 ; tl : 1 mi ne san marcos pass , 1500 ' , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes magirus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 157 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 34 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes gestor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 159 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 74 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes bibo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 162 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 3 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes luror hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 51 ; tl : west fork , 6500 ' , 16 mi sw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes gratus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 28 ; tl : big timber canyon , 6500 ' , half moon park , crazy mts . , montana\nchionodes senica hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 79 ; tl : hart prairie , 8500 ' , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes dator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 80 ; tl : louis lake , 28 mi sw lander , 8600 ' , fremont co . , wyoming\nchionodes ustor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 32 ; tl : bridger forest camp , 7500 ' , wind river mtns , sublette co . , wyoming\nchionodes rogator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 82 - 83 ; tl : mosca creek , great sand dunes national monument , alamosa co . , colorado\nchionodes veles hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 212 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 84 ; tl : castles , 8 mi e buena vista , 8800 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes gerdius hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 87 ; tl : oso flaco lake , 5 mi s oceano , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes latro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 68 - 69 ; tl : lake delancy , ocala national forest read 75 , mario co . , florida\nchionodes rhombus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 105 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 9 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350\u00e4 , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes tributor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 48 ; tl : ozena camp , cuyama river , 1 mi e hiway 33 , ventura co . , california\nchionodes ensis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : head of ephraim canyon , 10000 - 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes nubilella ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 35 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes donahueorum hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : mt washington district , 840 ' , los angeles , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes parens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 136 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes adam hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 140 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes nubis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 156 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 67 - 68 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes innox hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 158 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 69 - 73 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes canofusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2066 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes psilopterus ; [ nacl ] , # 2111 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes metallicus ; [ nacl ] , # 2094 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 59 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes canor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 25 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes abitus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 56 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : cold creek , 5 mi s buck creek ranger station , 6300 ' , modoc co . , california\nchionodes lactans hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 74 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes fructuarius ; [ nacl ] , # 2078 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes luteogeminatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2091 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes helicostictus ; [ nacl ] , # 2083 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 18 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pallor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 197 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 20 - 21 ; tl : fort valley , 7350 ' , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes nigrobarbatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2097 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 223 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 65 - 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes praetor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 67 , pl . 4 , f . 90 ; tl : head ephraim canyon , 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes permactus ; [ nacl ] , # 2106 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes violacea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 25 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes distinctella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 42 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 148 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes clarkei hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 71 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : steens mt . , fish lake , 7100 , harney co . , oregon\nchionodes electella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 52 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes fumatella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 59 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 153 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes ignorantella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 65 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 154 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes argentipunctella ; [ nacl ] , # 2061 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 11 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes gilvomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2080 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes periculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2105 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes xanthophilella ; [ nacl ] , # 2125 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes sistrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2116 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 73 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes hodgesorum metzler , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . monument , edge of dunes habitat , 106\u00b011 . 32 ' w , 32\u00b045 . 72 ' n , 4000 '\nchionodes paralogella ; [ nacl ] , # 2103 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 13 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes salicella ; [ nacl ] , # 2114 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 120 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acerella ; [ nacl ] , # 2057 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 124 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes terminimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2117 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 132 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes pastor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 155 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 66 , pl . 4 , f . 33 ; tl : great basin exp staion nr ephraim , 8850 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2076 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 160 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pseudofondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2110 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 161 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes mariona ; [ nacl ] , # 2092 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 168 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes halycopa ; [ nacl ] , # 2082 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 171 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes hibiscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2084 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 190 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes aristella ; [ nacl ] , # 2062 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 56 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes mongolica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hostis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 122 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : major ' s flat near ephraim canyon , oak / pinyon junipre zone , 7100 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fuscomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 6 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes bicostomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 7 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes lophosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2089 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 67 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 21 - 23 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes nanodella ; [ nacl ] , # 2095 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes abella ; [ nacl ] , # 2055 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 43 - 47 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes kincaidella ; [ nacl ] , # 2086 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 87 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pinguicula ; [ nacl ] , # 2109 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 67 - 68 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes dentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2071 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 74 - 75 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes abdominella ; [ nacl ] , # 2054 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 2 - 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes dammersi ; [ nacl ] , # 2070 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 101 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes notandella ; [ nacl ] , # 2098 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 19 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes ochreostrigella ; [ nacl ] , # 2102 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 104 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 7 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes thoraceochrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2119 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 117 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 13 - 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes chrysopyla ; [ nacl ] , # 2068 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 119 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes obscurusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2099 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 123 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 27 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes occidentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2100 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 127 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 35 - 37 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes trichostola ; [ nacl ] , # 2120 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 135 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 47 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acrina ; [ nacl ] , # 2058 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 139 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 25 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes secutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 146 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 55 , pl . 4 , f . 31 ; tl : davis mnts , 5 mi se livermore , 6000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes trophella ; [ nacl ] , # 2121 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 147 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 56 - 57 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes discoocellella ; [ nacl ] , # 2072 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 170 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes ceanothiella ; [ nacl ] , # 2067 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 187 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 42 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes aruns hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 18 , pl . 4 , f . 44 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes retiniella ; [ nacl ] , # 2112 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 48 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes arenella ; [ nacl ] , # 2060 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 52 - 53 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes figurella ; [ nacl ] , # 2073 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 194 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes braunella ; [ nacl ] , # 2065 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 225 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 91 - 93 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes flavicorporella ; [ nacl ] , # 2074 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 229 , pl . 3 , f . 72 - 73 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes sattleri hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 218 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 54 - 56 , pl . 4 , f . 89 ; tl : bog e of big indian lake , halifax watershed , halifax co . , nova scotia\nchionodes ( gelechiini ) ; [ me3 ] , 137 , 31 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 704 , 699 ( list ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes johnstoni ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 81 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 51 - 52 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes formosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes praeclarella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 200 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 64 - 67 ; [ me3 ] , 144 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes mediofuscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2093 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 131 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 43 - 45 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes iridescens ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 2085 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 10 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pereyra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 109 ; [ nacl ] , # 2104 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 163 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes grandis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 2081 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes tessa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 137 ; [ nacl ] , # 2118 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes petalumensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 111 ; [ nacl ] , # 2107 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 164 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 38 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes bicolor ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 2063 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 29 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes whitmanella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; [ nacl ] , # 2124 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 31 , pl . 4 , f . 77 - 78 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes viduella ; [ nacl ] , # 2123 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 54 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 215 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 49 ; [ me3 ] , 32 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes continuella ; [ nacl ] , # 2069 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 37 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 52 - 53 , pl . 4 , f . 88 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16 ; [ fe ]\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhodges , r . w . , 1999 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 7 . 6 , p . 150 ; pl . 2 . 61 - 63 . order\n= ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 15 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 , 331\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331\nnova scotia , sw . manitoba , north carolina , missouri . see [ maps ]\n= gelechia vernella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 884\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nlarva on quercus imrbricaria ? q . rubra , q . velutina , q . alba , ostrya virginiana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52\ncalifornia , oregon , washington , texas , oklahoma , arkansas , louisiana , mississippi , florida . see [ maps ]\nlarva on quercus lobata , q . kelloggii , q . garryana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52\nnova scotia , quebec - florida , sw . wisconsin , e . texas , e . oklahoma . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nlarva on quercus macrocarpa , q . rubra , fagus grandifolia , carya hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53\n= ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 879 ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15"]}
{"id": 711, "summary": [{"text": "paracrocidura is a genus of shrews .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "they are mammals in the family soricidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the vernacular name large-headed shrews is sometimes collectively applied to the genus , but has also been applied to the species crocidura grandiceps .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "the genus contains the following species : grauer 's large-headed shrew ( paracrocidura graueri ) greater large-headed shrew ( paracrocidura maxima ) lesser large-headed shrew ( paracrocidura schoutedeni )", "topic": 26}], "title": "paracrocidura", "paragraphs": ["how can i put and write and define paracrocidura in a sentence and how is the word paracrocidura used in a sentence and examples ? \u7528paracrocidura\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528paracrocidura\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528paracrocidura\u9020\u53e5 , paracrocidura meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .\nhow can i put and write and define paracrocidura schoutedeni in a sentence and how is the word paracrocidura schoutedeni used in a sentence and examples ? \u7528paracrocidura schoutedeni\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528paracrocidura schoutedeni\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528paracrocidura schoutedeni\u9020\u53e5 , paracrocidura schoutedeni meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .\nrevised by hutterer ( 1986 c ) . a study of 16s rrna sequences placed paracrocidura in one clade with crocidura ( querouil et al . , 2001 ) . however , unique external and cranial features distinguish the species of paracrocidura from all other genera .\ncomments : revised by hutterer ( 1986c ) . a study of 16s rrna sequences placed paracrocidura in one clade with crocidura ( querouil et al . , 2001 ) . however , unique external and cranial features distinguish the species of paracrocidura from all other genera\nspecies named for schouteden include schouteden ' s swift , a shrew\nparacrocidura schoutedeni\n, a butterfly\nbebearia schoutedeni\namong many others .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]\nyour web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .\nyour list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .\nnote : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\ni thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , \u00a92005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352\nwilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of\ninformation indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\n- - publisher ' s website .\nplease choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .\nthis indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\na uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all\nadd tags for\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference\n.\nyou may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .\nwilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\n- - publisher ' s website .\nworldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more \u203a\u203a\ndon ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\njustification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , it occurs in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .\nthis central african species is largely limited to the congo basin . it has been recorded from southern cameroon , gabon , congo , the democratic republic of the congo , and central african republic . records south of the congo river are isolated populations in gallery forest . it has not been recorded to the east of the oubange river .\nthe natural history of this species is not well known . it appears to have only been recorded from lowland tropical moist forest .\nthere are no major threats to this species as a whole . it is presumably locally threatened in parts of its range by general habitat loss and degradation .\nthis species has been recorded from korup national park in cameroon , and is presumably present in several additional protected areas .\nthis errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .\n( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t41383a115182800 .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\namori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority ) & cox , n . ( global mammal assessment team )\njustification : listed as near threatened because its extent of occurrence is probably not much greater than 20 , 000 km\u00b2 , and the extent and quality of its habitat are probably declining , thus making the species close to qualifying for vulnerable under criterion b1 .\nthis central african species has been recorded from the albertine rift region of democratic republic of the congo , rwanda , burundi and uganda . it has an elevational range of between 850 and 2 , 680 m asl .\nmany of the records of this species are from montane tropical moist forest , including both primary and secondary forest . it has been recorded from areas of montane swamp at 2 , 200 m asl in burundi , and from patches of mixed forest and bamboo habitat in other parts of its range .\nthere has already been considerable habitat loss within the lower elevations of this species range . presumably this is largely the result of logging operations , and the general conversion of land to agricultural use . habitat loss at kibira , burundi , seems to have been quite severe in recent years with approximately 25 % of forest now cleared or degraded ( julian kerbis pers . comm . ) .\nkasangaki et al . ( 2003 ) recorded the species from the bwindi impenetrable national park in southwestern uganda . it is also knonw from the ruwenzori national park in uganda , and kibira national park in burundi . there is a need to prevent further loss of suitable habitat within the range of this species . additional studies are needed into the species distribution and population status .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en\nurltoken\nthis content was extracted from wikipedia and is licensed under the creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license"]}
{"id": 713, "summary": [{"text": "oneida lunulalis , the oak gall snout moth , is a species of snout moth in the genus oneida .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in most of eastern north america , from quebec and ontario to illinois and florida .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 24 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are silvery grey or light brown .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey with a white fringe .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from june to august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on the leaves and galls on oak . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "oneida lunulalis", "paragraphs": ["species oneida lunulalis - orange - tufted oneida - hodges # 5588 - bugguide . net\nan orange - tufted oneida moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland . photo by bob patterson . ( mbp list )\nsimilar to oneida grisiella and o . luniferella which occur in the west ( compare images of all 3 species by jim vargo at mpg )\norange - tufted oneida moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 8 / 2005 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )\nfarther review of the camp wood hills specimen and the three species of oneida , i now think it is o . grisella . what do you think ?\nan orange - tufted oneida moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 6 / 8 / 2018 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )\nan orange - tufted oneida moth in baltimore co . , maryland ( 7 / 26 / 2014 ) . photo by emily stanley . ( mbp list )\nan orange - tufted oneida moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 5 / 28 / 2014 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )\nan orange - tufted oneida moth in calvert co . , maryland ( 6 / 16 / 2006 ) . photo by arlene ripley . ( mbp list )\nan orange - tufted oneida moth in howard co . , maryland ( 7 / 14 / 2004 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )\nan orange - tufted oneida moth in st . mary ' s co . , maryland ( 7 / 25 / 2017 ) . photo by tyler bell . ( mbp list )\nan orange - tufted oneida moth in howard co . , maryland ( 6 / 30 / 2002 ) . determined by john glaser . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nterry , it could be but as i read the photos the\ntuft\nis more orange and the coloration below the tuft rather green and does not have a distinct line below . i tend to favor but i realize it is even further out of range or o . grisella which has been see in the big bend area . not much information on this genus but i think we see more\nout of range\nmoths here from az and nm .\nafter looking at the three species more carefully , i think it is most likely o . grisella . makes the most since .\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\nin maryland a moderately common species of oak forests ( glaser , micromoths ) .\nuse of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - 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( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users ."]}
{"id": 718, "summary": [{"text": "saphenista subsphragidias is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in tungurahua province , ecuador .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 21 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the ground colour of the forewings is creamy white with yellowish-creamy suffusions and some brownish dots .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are white creamy , tinged with yellowish at the apex . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "saphenista subsphragidias", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for subsphragidias definition . you find here subsphragidias meaning , synonyms of subsphragidias and images for subsphragidias copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word subsphragidias . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word subsphragidias and , of course , subsphragidias synonyms and on the right images related to the word subsphragidias .\nsubsphragidias razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 298 tl : ecuador , tunggurahua province , patate . holotype : vbc . female .\nhave a fact about saphenista runtuna ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for saphenista runtuna ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nburreus razowski , in heppner , 1995 ( saphenista ) , atlas neotropical lepid . checklist 2 : 140 . no type\nmilicha razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 211 tl : mexico , veracruz , banderilla . holotype : eme . female .\nmira razowski , 1989 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 17 : 206 . tl : guatemala , volcn santa maria . holotype : usnm . female .\ndexia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 454 tl : costa rica , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .\nnovaelimae razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 104 . tl : brazil , nova lima . holotype : vbc . male .\nperlaria razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 442 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .\nteopiscana razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 450 tl : mexico , chiapas , teopisca . holotype : mnrj . male .\nalpha razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 101 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .\nbeta razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 102 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .\nbrunneomaculata razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 503 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , pululahua , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .\ncarchiana razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 299 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .\nchiriboga razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 502 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , chiriboga , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . female .\nchlorfascia razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 103 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .\ncontermina razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 298 tl : ecuador , tungurahua province , patate . holotype : vbc . male .\ncryptogramma razowski & becker , 1994 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 28 . tl : brazil , par , belm . holotype : mnrj . female .\nfluida razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 402 tl : mexico , veracruz , fortn de las flores . holotype : eme . female .\nlineata razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 300 tl : ecuador , azuay province , cajas . holotype : vbc . male .\nlivida razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 402 tl : mexico , durango , 11 mi e revolcaderos . holotype : eme . male .\nmerana razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 299 tl : ecuador , pastaza province , mera . holotype : vbc . male .\nnauphraga razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 422 tl : brazil , santa catarina , brusque . holotype : mnrj . male .\nnongrata razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 397 tl : mexico , veracruz , fortn de las flores . holotype : eme . female .\nnuda razowski & becker , 1999 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 42 : 323 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : mrsn . male .\nochraurea razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 296 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .\npululahuana razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 503 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , chiriboga , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .\nrufozodion razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .\nscalena razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 103 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .\nturguinoa razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 69 . tl : cuba , santiago , turguino . holotype : vbc . male .\nabsidata razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 216 tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . female .\nceteora razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : brazil , minas gerais , nova lima . holotype : vbc . female .\ncnemiodota razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 214 tl : mexico , mexico , 10 air km se amecameca . holotype : eme . female .\ncyphoma razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 220 tl : mexico , mexico , 10 air km se amecameca . holotype : eme . female .\ndelapsa razowski , 1990 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 18 : 340 . tl : mexico , guerrero , 16 km nw iguala . holotype : eme . female .\nembolina razowski , 1984 ( saphenista ) , ann . zool . 38 : 277 . tl : venezuela , merida , 4 km s santo domingo . holotype : usnm . female .\ngilva razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 453 tl : costa rica , cartago province , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .\nglorianda razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 401 tl : mexico , nuevo leon , 4 mi w iturbide . holotype : eme . male .\nillimis razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 400 tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . male .\nimaginaria razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 452 tl : costa rica , cartago province , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .\nmediocris razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 398 tl : mexico , nuevo leon , 4 mi w iturbide . holotype : eme . female .\nochrapex razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 443 . tl : ecuador , napo prov . , baeza . holotype : vbc . female .\nparabeta razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 441 . tl : ecuador , loja prov . , loja . holotype : vbc . male .\nparaconsona razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 296 tl : brazil , minas gerais , nova lima . holotype : vbc . female .\nryrsiloba razowski , 1990 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 18 : 339 . tl : mexico , mexico , chilpango de los bravos . holotype : eme . female .\nsaragurae razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 8 . tl : ecuador , province loja , saraguro . holotype : mzuj . female .\nsolisae razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 104 . tl : mexico , tamaulipas , gomez farias . holotype : vbc . male .\nsubperlaria razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 443 . tl : ecuador , loja prov . , loja . holotype : vbc . male .\ntemperata razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 399 tl : mexico , tamaulipas , 12 mi sw ciudad victoria . holotype : eme . female .\ntufinoa razowski , 1999 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 42 : 323 tl : ecuador , carchi province , 35 km w tufino . holotype : cmnh . male .\namusa razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 170 tl : peru , dept . puno , 5 km w limbani . holotype : zmuc . female .\nchasia razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 444 . tl : brazil , rio de janeiro , nova friburgo . holotype : vbc . female .\nconsona razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 423 tl : brazil , paran , banhado , quatro barras . holotype : mnrj . male .\nendomycha razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 96 . tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , monteverde . holotype : eme . female .\neuprepia razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 171 tl : peru , dept . cajamarca , 10 km w huambos . holotype : zmuc . male .\njuvenca razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 455 tl : costa rica , cartago province , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .\nlathridia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 457 tl : costa rica , cartago province , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .\norescia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : mexico , distrito federal , parque nacional zoquiapan . holotype : mnrj . female .\npyrczi razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 123 . tl : ecuador , prov . napo , papallacta . holotype : mzuj . male .\nrosariana razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 70 . tl : cuba , pinar rio , sierra rosario . holotype : vbc . male .\nruntuna razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 124 . tl : ecuador , tungurahua , banos , runtun . holotype : mzuj . male .\nsclerorhaphia razowski & becker , 1994 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 29 . tl : brazil , santa catarina , so joaquin . holotype : mnrj . female .\nsolda razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 212 tl : mexico , veracruz , 22 rd km w ciudad mendoza . holotype : eme . male .\nsplendida razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , indanza . holotype : vbc . female .\nallasia razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 205 tl : ecuador , napo province , via santa barbara - la bonita . holotype : eme . female .\nconsectaria razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo ent . 62 : 118 . tl : mexico , sonora , cuchujaqui , 8 rd mi e alamos . holotype : lacm . male .\nconsulta razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 400 tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , 6 km s san vito . holotype : eme . male .\nleuconigra razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 502 . tl : ecuador , province carchi , res . forest golondrinas , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .\nmultistrigata walsingham , 1914 ( saphenista ) , biol . centr . - am . lepid . heterocera 4 : 296 . tl : mexico , veracruz , atoyac . holotype : bmnh . male .\noreada razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : mexico , chiapas , san cristobal de las casas . holotype : mnrj . female .\npraia razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 399 tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , 6 km s san vito . holotype : eme . male .\nambidextria razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 222 tl : mexico , veracruz , caon las minas , 13 km ne perote . holotype : eme . female .\nburrens razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 169 tl : peru , huanuco , 25 km ne huanuco , cordillera carpish pattytrail . holotype : zmuc . female .\nconstipata razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 216 tl : mexico , veracruz , caon las minas , 13 km ne perote . holotype : eme . female .\ncubana razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 71 . tl : cuba , santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba . holotype : vbc . male .\nincauta razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : costa rica , cartago province , santa cruz , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .\nonychina razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 452 tl : costa rica , cartago province , santa cruz , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .\nrafaeliana razowski , 1989 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 17 : 206 . tl : colombia , cauca , paramo de parace , lake san rafael . holotype : usnm . male .\nrawlinsiana razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 211 tl : ecuador , azuay province , azuay pass , 8 km ne giron . holotype : cmnh . male .\nsimillima razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 71 . tl : cuba , santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba . holotype : vbc . male .\ncuscana razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , prov . cusco , cordillera vilcanota , marcapata . holotype : mzuj . male .\neranna razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 453 tl : costa rica , san jos province , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : mnrj . female .\nerasmia razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , 7 km se caon . holotype : eme . male .\nomoea razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 169 tl : peru , dept . puno , 15 km e ayaviri , laguna huascacocha . holotype : zmuc . male .\norichalcana razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 451 tl : costa rica , san jos province , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : mnrj . male .\nperuviana razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 170 tl : peru , dept . apurimac , 12 km n abancay , cerro turonmocco . holotype : zmuc . male .\nepiera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 96 . tl : costa rica , alajeula province , n slope volcn de rincon . holotype : eme . male .\nphenax razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 198 tl : costa rica , san jos province , estacin carrillo , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : eme . male .\nsemistrigata forbes , 1931 ( saphenista ) , j . dep . agric . p . r . 15 ( 4 ) : 355 . tl : puerto rico , luquillo mountains . holotype : cuic . female .\nxysta razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 202 tl : costa rica , alajuela province , ro sarapiqui , 6 air km san miguel . holotype : eme . male .\ncampalita razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 171 tl : peru , dept . lima , 10 km n oyn , quabrada quichas , pueblo quichas . holotype : zmuc . male .\ndiscrepans razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 196 tl : costa rica , alajuela province , ne slope volcn pos , 8 km n vara blanca . holotype : eme . male .\nrufoscripta razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , dept . huanuco , via huanuco - tingo maria , carpish . holotype : mzuj . male .\nchloromixta razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 93 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . female .\neneilema razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 90 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\nephimera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 88 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\nepipolea razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\nereba razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 94 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\ngnathmocera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\nmelema razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 94 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . female .\nstorthingoloba razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 93 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\npascana razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , dept . pasco , p . n . yanachaga chemillen , refugio el cedro . holotype : mzuj . male .\nperaviae razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 202 tl : dominican republic , dominican republic ( peravia , 3 km sw la nuez , tributary ro las cuevas ) . holotype : cmnh . female .\nbimaculata nishida & adamski , 2004 ( saphenista ) , proc . ent . soc . wash . 106 : 136 . tl : costa rica , san jos province , cerro de la muerte , villa mills . holotype : inbio . male .\nmuerta nishida & adamski , 2004 ( saphenista ) , proc . ent . soc . wash . 106 : 135 . tl : costa rica , san jos province , cerro de la muerte , villa mills . holotype : inbio . male .\nchanostium razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 124 . tl : ecuador , prov . napo , morona - santiago , n . p . sangay , via guamote - macas . holotype : mzuj . female .\nrivadeneirai razowski & pelz , 2001 ( saphenista ) , nachrbl . ent . ver . apollo ( n . f . ) 22 : 23 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , macas , proao , alshi , 5 km sw alshi . holotype : vpc . male .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\naculeata razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 171 tl : ecuador , chimborazo province , huigra . holotype : bmnh . male .\naeraria razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 170 tl : peru , cuzco mountains . holotype : bmnh . male .\nanaxia clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 32 . tl : guatemala , volcn santa mara . holotype : usnm . female .\ncinigmula razowski & becker , 1986 ( lasiothyris ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 462 tl : mexico , veracruz , estacin biologica las tuxtlas . holotype : mnrj . female .\ncordifera meyrick , 1932 ( phtheochroa ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 267 . tl : bolivia , ro songo . holotype : nhmv . unknown .\ndelicatulana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 137 . tl : colombia , bogot . holotype : bmnh . male .\ndeliphrobursa razowski , 1992 ( phalonidia ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 97 . tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , monteverde . holotype : eme . female .\ndomna clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 34 . tl : colombia , nario , volcn galeras . holotype : usnm . male .\nfrangula clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 30 . tl : venezuela , aragua , rancho grande . holotype : usnm . female .\nlacteipalpis walsingham , 1891 ( conchylis ) , proc . zool . soc . london 1891 : 500 . tl : west indies , st . vincent ( westward side ) . holotype : bmnh . male .\nlactaipalpis razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 175 no type\nlassa razowski , 1986 ( aethes ) , ann . zool . 40 : 390 . tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . female .\nnephelodes clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 27 . tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca , tropical cloud area . holotype : usnm . male .\nnomonana kearfott , 1907 ( phalonia ) , can . ent . 39 : 84 . tl : usa , california , carmel . holotype : amnh . male .\nvoluntaria meyrick , 1912 ( phalonia ) , ent . mon . mag . 48 : 35 no type\nparvimaculana walsingham , 1879 ( cochylis ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 30 . tl : usa , california , shasta co . , hatchet creek . holotype : bmnh . male .\npenai clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 28 . tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca , tropical cloud area . holotype : usnm . female .\npraefasciata meyrick , 1932 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 266 . tl : costa rica , irazu . holotype : nhmv . male .\npruinosana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 129 . tl : colombia , bogot . syntypes : bmnh . male , female .\nsaxicolana walsingham , 1879 ( cochylis ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 29 . tl : usa , south oregon . lectotype : bmnh . male .\nsphragidias meyrick , 1932 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 265 . tl : bolivia , andes . holotype : nhmv . female .\nsubstructa meyrick , 1927 ( phtheochroa ) , exotic microlepid . 3 : 367 . tl : colombia , mt . tolima . holotype : bmnh . female .\nunless noted , all images on these pages are copyright \u00a9 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nsamsung galaxy tab ( 7 . 0 , 3g ) - quick guide ( orange ) _ 0 . 74 mb , pdf , italian ( swiss )\nsamsung galaxy tab ( 7 . 0 , 3g ) - user manual ( ( for swiss ) ) _ 1 . 85 mb , pdf , italian ( orange )\nyou have already flagged this document . thank you , for helping us keep this platform clean . the editors will have a look at it as soon as possible .\nthe words on encyclo are taken from more than 1 , 000 online wordlists , written by a variety of groups working together to find definitions and keep the lists up to date . in the wordlists you can find meanings and definitions from a number of areas of interest including local authorities , businesses , organisations , charities , social network sites , commercial websites and even private lists made by people as a hobby or to ensure older words no longer in everyday use are not forgotten .\nmany of the saved wordlists which are in the unusual or specialised word lists have been changed or removed as businesses have closed or re - organised in the last eight years and can no longer be found on the internet . these lists of words , definitions and meanings have been saved in our archive and are still available in the search results .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need ."]}
{"id": 725, "summary": [{"text": "ancylomenes magnificus , is a kind of cleaner shrimp common to the western pacific ocean at depths of 3 \u2013 29 metres ( 10 \u2013 95 ft ) .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "these shrimp are commonly found on scleractinian coral , catalaphyllia and the anemone , dofleinia armata .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "they have a transparent body except on the carapace and segments of the abdomen which have bands of white specks outlined in red .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the tail and the hump on the abdomen are also white . ", "topic": 0}], "title": "ancylomenes magnificus", "paragraphs": ["( of periclimenes magnificus bruce , 1979 ) bruce , a . j . ( 1979 ) . notes on some indo - pacific pontoniinae , xxxi . periclimenes magnificus sp . nov . , a coelenterate associate from the capricorn islands ( decapoda , palaemonidae ) . crustaceana supplement . 5 : 195 - 208 , plate 1 . [ details ]\n( of periclimenes magnificus bruce , 1979 ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nbruce , a . j . 1979 ,\nnotes on some indo - pacific pontoniinae , xxxi periclimenes magnificus sp . nov . , a coelenterate associate from the capricorn islands ( decapoda , palaemonidae )\n, crustaceana , ser . suppl . , vol . 5 , pp . 195 - 208\n( of periclimenes magnificus bruce , 1979 ) de grave , s . & c . h . j . m . fransen . ( 2011 ) . carideorum catalogus : the recent species of the dendrobranchiate , stenopodidean , procarididean and caridean shrimps ( crustacea : decapoda ) . zool . med . leiden . 85 ( 9 ) : 30 . ix . 2011 : 195 - 589 figs 1 - 59 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nalso known as formerly - periclimenes magnificus , crustaceans , carid shrimps , commensal shrimps , cleaner shrimps , magnificent commensal shrimp , magnificent cleaner shrimp , magnificent partner shrimp , anemone cleaner shrimp , anemone shrimp , crystal shrimp and glass shrimp . found on sandy bottoms often on scleractinian corals , dofleinia armata anemones and in the process of cleaning fish . they feed on parasites , algae and plankton . length - 2 . 5cm depth - 3 - 30m widespread indo - pacific often if a divers hand is near to a cleaner shrimps , they will hop on board and perform a manicure ! carid shrimps occur worldwide in almost every habitat , from sea water to fresh water and can be found all over the reef . they are generally respected by other creatures , often sharing burrows and holes and working as housekeepers . they will wave their antennae around to attract customers , they then proceed to clean outside and inside the creatures mouths , gills etc , .\nde grave , s . & c . h . j . m . fransen . ( 2011 ) . carideorum catalogus : the recent species of the dendrobranchiate , stenopodidean , procarididean and caridean shrimps ( crustacea : decapoda ) . zool . med . leiden . 85 ( 9 ) : 30 . ix . 2011 : 195 - 589 figs 1 - 59 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\ncreated to help individuals around the world identify tropical fish found during their scuba dive and snorkelling excursions .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2fab201e - b61f - 4d51 - 9267 - 4d043c9d69eb\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 34e7338e - 9283 - 4e37 - b106 - 022ae0b21248\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 44ca4756 - 0dee - 4599 - a7e4 - 3e30ae3d9b4b\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6081481a - 3d3c - 4a7c - 918d - 8a6e8bae5f60\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6b965be3 - 47b3 - 4b69 - a8fe - c10cb0b7ebbc\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 80913f51 - e4d2 - 4d39 - 834d - 3a634c4a9c7a\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : adc89084 - 1e7a - 49d7 - a7b3 - 5fb2357e40e0\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f5bdf7a9 - 864a - 4f70 - b060 - 407abed34321\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 52e274fb - cd5f - 4955 - bca5 - 9a013c179462\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 556140\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\ntranslucent with blue and white claw arms curving inwards to overlap , white banding and a blotch on the abdominal hump .\nwest pacific to new caledonia and japan . it lives on anemones , commonly associated with ( actinostephanus haeckeli ) branching anemone and tube dwelling anemones from the cerianthus genus ."]}
{"id": 730, "summary": [{"text": "gladiovalva aizpuruai is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by vives in 1990 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in the czech republic , slovakia , hungary and spain .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae feed on rumex acetosa . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "gladiovalva aizpuruai", "paragraphs": ["gladiovalva aizpuruai ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 171 ; [ fe ]\ngladiovalva ignorella ; bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 303 ( note )\ngladiovalva sattler , 1960 ; dt . ent . zs . 7 ( 1 - 2 ) : 16 - 17 [ key ] , 60 ; ts : gelechia rumicivorella milli\u00e8re\ngladiovalva ignorella falkovitsh & bidzilya , 2003 ; proc . zool . mus . kiev nat . taras shevchenko univ . 1 ( 1 ) : ( 113 - 147 ) [ igorella ? ]\ngelechia rumicivorella milli\u00e8re , 1881 ; l\u00e9pidopt\u00e9rologie 7 : 11 , pl . 10 , f . 13\nspain , czech republic , hungary , greece , uralsk . see [ maps ]\ngelechia badidorsella rebel , 1935 ; zs . \u00f6st . entver . 20 ( 2 ) : 11 ; tl : sierra de gredos\nlarva on atraphaxis spinosa bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 303\npseudodorsella sattler , 1960 ; dt . ent . zs . 7 ( 1 - 2 ) : 61\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nsumpich & skyva , 2012 new faunistic records for a number of microlepidoptera , including description of three new taxa from agonoxenidae , depressariidae , and gelechiidae ( gelechioidea ) nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 161 - 179\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nthis page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 732, "summary": [{"text": "labrisomus philippii , the chalapo clinid , is a species of labrisomid blenny native to the pacific coast of south america from peru to chile .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "this species can reach a length of 35 centimetres ( 14 in ) tl and the greatest recorded weight for a specimen of this fish was 635 grams ( 22.4 oz ) . ", "topic": 0}], "title": "labrisomus philippii", "paragraphs": ["spawning cycles of labrisomus philippii\nby stephen r . goldberg and marie c . pizzorno\ngoldberg , stephen r . and pizzorno , marie c . ( 1986 )\nnotes on the spawning cycles of labrisomus philippii ( labrisomidae ) and trachinotus paitensis ( carangidae ) from peru ,\nbulletin of the southern california academy of sciences : vol . 85 : iss . 2 . available at : urltoken\n( of clinus philippii steindachner , 1866 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\neschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2014 . catalog of fishes . updated 27 august 2014 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 27 august 2014 ) .\njustification : this is a widespread species that is locally abundant with no well - documented major threats and is therefore considered least concern . however , because of its shallow depth distribution and potential for impacts from coastal development and pollution , further research is needed to monitor this species .\nthis species is found along the coast of chile and peru in the southeast pacific .\nrepresented between 0 . 06 and 1 . 1 percent of the fish assemblage at different study sites ( perez - matus et al . 2007 ) .\nthis species occurs in the intertidal zone , and feeds on polychaetes , amphipods and small fish ( berrios and vargas 2004 ) .\nit is a shallow water species and therefore could be impacted by coastal development and pollution . however , there is no current evidence that this constitutes a major threat for this species .\nno species - specific conservation measures are in place for this species , but it may occur in protected areas .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\n1 . residential & commercial development - > 1 . 1 . housing & urban areas 1 . residential & commercial development - > 1 . 2 . commercial & industrial areas 1 . residential & commercial development - > 1 . 3 . tourism & recreation areas 9 . pollution - > 9 . 1 . domestic & urban waste water - > 9 . 1 . 3 . type unknown / unrecorded 9 . pollution - > 9 . 3 . agricultural & forestry effluents - > 9 . 3 . 4 . type unknown / unrecorded\n1 . research - > 1 . 1 . taxonomy 1 . research - > 1 . 2 . population size , distribution & trends 1 . research - > 1 . 3 . life history & ecology 1 . research - > 1 . 5 . threats\nanonymous . 1996 . fish collection database of the university of british columbia fish museum . university of british columbia , vancouver , canada .\nanonymous . 2001 . fish collection database of the national museum of natural history ( smithsonian institution ) . smithsonian institution - division of fishes . , washington , dc .\nberrios , v , and vargas f . , m . 2004 . estructura trofica de la associacion de peces intermareales de la costa rocosa del norte de chile . rev . biol . trop . 52 ( 1 ) .\ngarc\u00eda - godos naveda , i . 2001 . patrones morfol\u00f3gicos del otolito sagitta de algunos peces \u00f3seos del mar peruano . .\niucn . 2014 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2014 . 3 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 13 november 2014 ) .\nmedina , m . , m . araya and c . vega . 2004 . alimentaci\u00f3n y relaciones tr\u00f3ficas de peces costeros de la zona norte de chile . invest . mar . 32 ( 1 ) : 33 - 47 .\npeque\u00f1o , g . 1989 . peces de chile . lista sistematica revisada y comentada . rev . biol . mar . , valparaiso 24 ( 2 ) : 1 - 132 .\np\u00e9rez - matus , a . , ferry - graham , l . a . , cea , a . and v\u00e1squez , j . a . 2007 . community structure of temperate reef fishes in kelp - dominated subtidal habitats of northern chile . marine and freshwater research 58 : 1069 - 1085 .\nwu , h . l . , k . - t . shao and c . f . lai ( eds . ) . 1999 . latin - chinese dictionary of fishes names . the sueichan press , taiwan .\nthe webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license\nfroese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nstephen r . goldberg , department of biology , whittier college marie c . pizzorno , department of biology , whittier college\nnatural environment : inhabits shallow coral and rocky reefs and usually found between depths of 3 \u2013 15 feet ( 1 \u2013 5 m ) where it feeds upon small crustaceans .\nthe material on this site may not be reproduced , distributed , transmitted , cached or otherwise used , except with the prior written permission of bob goemans ."]}
{"id": 736, "summary": [{"text": "costabieta horrida is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family pyramidellidae , the pyrams and their allies .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species has three synonyms , most of these synonyms are within the rissiona genus of gastropods , while one happens to be of a species within the identical genus as this mollusk . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "costabieta horrida", "paragraphs": ["id : 293173 original name : costabieta _ horrida . jpg size 111x178 - 7443 bytes image manager : jan delsing directory : 2234 created : 2016 - 05 - 26 15 : 38 : 58 - user jan delsing url : urltoken text function : [ [ i : 293173 ; image ] ] , [ [ it : 293173 ] ] ( thumbnail )\n( of costabieta paucina laseron , 1956 ) ponder w . f . ( 1985 ) a review of the genera of the rissoidae ( mollusca : mesogastropoda : rissoacea ) . records of the australian museum supplement 4 : 1 - 221 . [ 12 february 1985 ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 108 [ details ]\n( of rissoina horrida garrett , 1873 ) garrett a . , 1873 . descriptions of new species of marine shells inhabiting the south sea islands . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , 25 : 209 - 231 , plates 2 - 3 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 210 , pl . 2 , fig . 5 [ details ]\nponder w . f . ( 1985 ) a review of the genera of the rissoidae ( mollusca : mesogastropoda : rissoacea ) . records of the australian museum supplement 4 : 1 - 221 . [ 12 february 1985 ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 108 [ details ]\npe\u00f1as a . & rol\u00e1n e . ( 2017 ) . deep water pyramidelloidea from the central and south pacific . the tribe chrysallidini . ecimat ( estaci\u00f3n de ciencias mari\u00f1as de toralla ) , universidade de vigo . 412 pp . [ details ]\n( of pyrgulina favrei hornung & mermod , 1925 ) pe\u00f1as a . & rol\u00e1n e . ( 2017 ) . deep water pyramidelloidea from the central and south pacific . the tribe chrysallidini . ecimat ( estaci\u00f3n de ciencias mari\u00f1as de toralla ) , universidade de vigo . 412 pp . [ details ]\ngarrett a . , 1873 . descriptions of new species of marine shells inhabiting the south sea islands . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , 25 : 209 - 231 , plates 2 - 3 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 210 , pl . 2 , fig . 5 [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nfiji , source : garrett , a . 1873 . descriptions of new species of marine shells inhabiting the south sea islands ( original figure )\nfor every image in gallery , either accepted or unconfirmed , you can add , change or verify determination ( identification ) , or write comments .\nrissoina is a large genus of minute sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family rissoinidae .\nrissoina abnormis g . nevill & h . nevill , 1875 : synonym of stosicia abnormis ( g . nevill & h . nevill , 1875 )\nrissoina bellardii issel , 1869 : synonym of pyramidelloides mirandus ( a . adams , 1861 )\nrissoina bellula a . adams , 1851 : synonym of phosinella bellula ( a . adams , 1851 )\nrissoina clathrata a . adams , 1853 : synonym of phosinella clathrata ( a . adams , 1853 )\nrissoina congenita e . a . smith , 1890 : synonym of schwartziella congenita ( e . a . smith , 1890 )\nrissoina conica ( c . b . adams , 1850 ) : synonym of vitreolina conica ( c . b . adams , 1850 )\nrissoina detrita boettger , 1893 : synonym of rissoina dorbignyi a . adams , 1851\nrissoina dimidiata jickeli , 1882 : synonym of rissoina dorbignyi a . adams , 1851\nrissoina eucosmia bartsch , 1915 : synonym of pyramidelloides mirandus ( a . adams , 1861 )\nrissoina evanida nevill , 1874 : synonym of zebinella evanida ( g . nevill & h . nevill , 1881 )\nrissoina firmata ( c . b . adams , 1852 ) : synonym of schwartziella firmata ( c . b . adams , 1852 )\nrissoina floridana olsson , a . a . & a . harbison , 1953 : synonym of schwartziella floridana ( olsson , a . a . & a . harbison , 1953 )\nrissoina gemmulata turton , 1932 : synonym of pyramidelloides mirandus ( a . adams , 1861 )\nrissoina helenae e . a . smith , 1890 : synonym of schwartziella helenae ( e . a . smith , 1890 )\nrissoina hystrix souverbie , 1877 : synonym of pyramidelloides mirandus ( a . adams , 1861 )\nrissoina insolita deshayes , 1863 : synonym of pyramidelloides mirandus ( a . adams , 1861 )\nrissoina miranda a . adams , 1861 : synonym of pyramidelloides mirandus ( a . adams , 1861 )\nrissoina montrouzieri souverbie , 1862 : synonym of rissoina dorbignyi a . adams , 1851\nrissoina nitida a . adams , 1853 : synonym of phosinella nitida ( a . adams , 1853 )\nrissoina nodicincta a . adams , 1853 : synonym of phosinella nodicincta ( a . adams , 1853 )\nrissoina princeps ( c . b . adams , 1850 ) : synonym of zebinella princeps ( c . b . adams , 1850 )\nrissoina pulchra ( c . b . adams , 1850 ) : synonym of phosinella pulchra ( c . b . adams , 1850 )\nrissoina samoensis weinkauff , 1881 : synonym of stosicia abnormis ( g . nevill & h . nevill , 1875 )\nrissoina smithii tryon , 1887 : synonym of eatoniella caliginosa ( e . a . smith , 1875 )\nrissoina striosa ( c . b . adams , 1850 ) : synonym of zebinella striosa ( c . b . adams , 1850 )\nrissoina turricula pease , 1860 : synonym of rissoina costata a . adams , 1851\nrissoina turtoni e . a . smith , 1890 : synonym of schwartziella turtoni ( e . a . smith , 1890 )\nstudies on west indian marine molluscs 45 the caribbean marine gastropods described by otto andreas lawson m\u00f8rch . 1 : some type specimens and identifications ( gastropoda : prosobranchia ) | marien faber - urltoken\nstudies on west indian marine molluscs 45 the caribbean marine gastropods described by otto andreas lawson m\u00f8rch . 1 : some type specimens and identifications ( gastropoda : prosobranchia )\nsorry , preview is currently unavailable . you can download the paper by clicking the button above .\nenter the email address you signed up with and we ' ll email you a reset link ."]}
{"id": 737, "summary": [{"text": "rhabdouraea bentzi is an extinct species of leptostracan crustacean which lived during the permian , which is placed in its own genus , rhabdouraea , and family , rhabdouraeidae . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "rhabdouraea", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about rhabdouraea ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for rhabdouraea ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nschram & malzahn . 1984 . the fossil leptostracan rhabdouraea bentzi ( malzahn , 1958 ) . 1984 . transactions of the san diego society of natural history , 20 , pp . 95 - 98 . [ details ]\nfull reference : f . r . schram and e . malzahn . 1984 . the fossil leptostracan rhabdouraea bentzi ( malzahn , 1958 ) . transactions of the san diego society of natural history 20 ( 6 ) : 95 - 98\nty - jour ti - the fossil leptostracan rhabdouraea bentzi ( malzahn , 1958 ) t2 - transactions of the san diego society of natural history . vl - 20 ur - urltoken pb - the society , cy - [ san diego ] : py - 1984 sp - 95 ep - 98 do - 10 . 5962 / bhl . part . 29000 sn - 0080 - 5947 er -\n@ article { bhlpart29000 , title = { the fossil leptostracan rhabdouraea bentzi ( malzahn , 1958 ) } , journal = { transactions of the san diego society of natural history . } , volume = { 20 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { [ san diego ] : the society , 1905 - 1989 . } , author = { } , year = { 1984 } , pages = { 95 - - 98 } , }\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nparent taxon : rhabdouraeidae according to f . r . schram and e . malzahn 1984\nbiodivlibrary july is # nationalblueberrymonth ! the w . a . cox nursery co . of mississippi ' s 1920s catalog proclaimed # blueberries to\u2026 urltoken\nbiodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p\u2026 urltoken\nwe don ' t know when or if this item will be back in stock .\ninstantly receive a \u00a310 urltoken gift card if you\u2019re approved for the amazon platinum mastercard with instant spend . representative 21 . 9 % apr ( variable ) .\ncredit offered by newday ltd , over 18s only , subject to status . terms apply .\nenter your mobile number or email address below and we ' ll send you a link to download the free kindle app . then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone , tablet , or computer - no kindle device required .\nprime members enjoy fast & free shipping , unlimited streaming of movies and tv shows with prime video and many more exclusive benefits .\nafter viewing product detail pages , look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in .\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 745, "summary": [{"text": "coleophora haloxyli is a moth of the coleophoridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in turkestan and uzbekistan .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae feed on haloxylon persicum .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they create a leafy case , consisting of six sections of branches which gradually enlarge toward the anterior end .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "there is a small tube at the caudal end of the case through which frass is ejected .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "the length of the case is 8 \u2013 9 mm and it is chocolate-brown to yellow in color .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "larvae can be found from september to october . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "coleophora haloxyli", "paragraphs": ["coleophora succursella herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , 1855 = casignetella succursella ( herrich - schaffer , 1855 ) = coleophora artemisiae herrich - sch\u00e4ffer 1855 .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwe believe that this request has either come from an unwelcome search engine , from a data grabber , or that an attempt is being made to hack the site . as a result your request has been refused . please email us if you believe that our decision is incorrect .\nwir glauben , dass dieser antrag que entweder von einer unwillkommenen suchmaschine gekommen ist , ab dem zeitpunkt grabber , oder que versuch wird gemacht , die website zu hacken . als ergebnis hat ihre anfrage abgelehnt . bitte mailen sie uns , wenn sie que unsere entscheidung glauben , ist falsch .\ncreemos que esta solicitud ha provenir de un motor de b\u00fasqueda no deseado , desde el capturador de fecha , o que un intento que se est\u00e1 haciendo para hackear el sitio . como resultado de su solicitud ha sido rechazada . por favor , correo electr\u00f3nico si usted cree que nuestra decisi\u00f3n es incorrecta .\nnous croyons que cette demande a soit provenir d ' un moteur de recherche importune , de la date grabber , ou que une tentative est fait pour pirater le site . en cons\u00e9quence votre demande a \u00e9t\u00e9 refus\u00e9e . s ' il vous pla\u00eet nous contacter si vous croyez que notre d\u00e9cision est incorrecte .\ncrediamo que questa richiesta \u00e8 sia venuto da un motore di ricerca sgradita , a partire dalla data grabber , o que un tentativo \u00e8 stato fatto per hackerare il sito . di conseguenza la richiesta \u00e8 stata rifiutata . vi preghiamo di inviarci se si ritiene que la nostra decisione non \u00e8 corretta .\nwij geloven que dit verzoek is ofwel afkomstig uit een onwelkome zoekmachine , vanaf de datum grabber , of que een poging wordt gedaan om de site te hacken . als gevolg van uw verzoek is geweigerd . stuur ons een email als u denkt que onze beslissing onjuist is .\nque acreditamos que este pedido tem ou vir de um motor de busca desejados , a partir de uma data grabber , ou que uma tentativa est\u00e1 sendo feita para invadir o local . como resultado o seu pedido foi recusado . por favor envie - nos se voc\u00ea acredita que nossa decis\u00e3o est\u00e1 incorreta .\nhaloxylon persicum , the white saxaul , is a small tree belonging to the family amaranthaceae .\nal - qassim region ( \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 , local najdi arabic pronunciation ) , also spelled qassim , al - qaseem , al - qasim , or gassim internationally , is one of the thirteen administrative regions of saudi arabia .\narabic literature ( \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a / ala - lc : al - adab al - \u2018arab\u012b ) is the writing , both prose and poetry , produced by writers in the arabic language .\narabic poetry ( arabic : \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064a / ala - lc : ash - shi\u2018ru al - \u2018arab\u012byu ) is the earliest form of arabic literature .\nbiodiversity in israel , the west bank , and the gaza strip is about the fauna and flora in the geographical region of israel , the west bank , and gaza strip .\ncistanche deserticola is a holoparasitic member of the orobanchaceae family of plants , commonly known as desert - broomrape .\nfrancis bin fathallah bin nasrallah marrash ( arabic : \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0634 / ala - lc : frans\u012bs bin fat\u1e25 all\u0101h bin na\u1e63rall\u0101h marr\u0101sh ; june 1836 & ndash ; 1873 ) , also known as francis al - marrash or francis marrash al - halabi , was a syrian writer and poet of the nahda movement\u2014the arabic renaissance\u2014and a physician .\nhaloxylon is a genus of shrubs or small trees , belonging to the plant family amaranthaceae .\nthe saxaul , black saxaul , sometimes sacsaoul or saksaul ( saksaul , which is from seksevil , scientific name haloxylon ammodendron ) , is a plant belonging to the amaranthaceae .\nthe sands of samar , also called the samar sands or samar sand dunes , are an expanse of sand dunes in the arava region of southern israel .\nunionpedia is a concept map or semantic network organized like an encyclopedia \u2013 dictionary . it gives a brief definition of each concept and its relationships .\nthis is a giant online mental map that serves as a basis for concept diagrams . it ' s free to use and each article or document can be downloaded . it ' s a tool , resource or reference for study , research , education , learning or teaching , that can be used by teachers , educators , pupils or students ; for the academic world : for school , primary , secondary , high school , middle , technical degree , college , university , undergraduate , master ' s or doctoral degrees ; for papers , reports , projects , ideas , documentation , surveys , summaries , or thesis . here is the definition , explanation , description , or the meaning of each significant on which you need information , and a list of their associated concepts as a glossary . available in english , spanish , portuguese , japanese , chinese , french , german , italian , polish , dutch , russian , arabic , hindi , swedish , ukrainian , hungarian , catalan , czech , hebrew , danish , finnish , indonesian , norwegian , romanian , turkish , vietnamese , thai , greek , bulgarian , croatian , slovak , lithuanian , filipino , latvian , estonian and slovenian . more languages soon .\nall the information was extracted from wikipedia , and it ' s available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license .\ngoogle play , android and the google play logo are trademarks of google inc .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018"]}
{"id": 746, "summary": [{"text": "the dotted tanager ( tangara varia ) is a species of bird in the family thraupidae .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "it is found in brazil , french guiana , suriname , and venezuela .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest . ", "topic": 24}], "title": "dotted tanager", "paragraphs": ["the dotted tanager is uncommon in a very restricted range in san martin and the cordillera azul at elevations ranging between 500 - 1100 m . it also occurs\n. the dotted tanager has green head and underparts . the breast and shows faint specks . the upper mantle , wings , and tail are opalescent blue . it generally forages in stunted forest and scrub - like vegetation in pairs and in the company on mixed species flocks . it is similar to the\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nsacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .\njustification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthe global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' uncommon and patchily distributed ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 10 . 1 - 11 . 6 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 15 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nthere are many ways to contribute\u2014we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !\n) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :\nthis species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : tangara varia . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nhbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .\nan adult male bring some fruits ( ? ) to chiks in the nest . in the canopy at 35 m high .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmyavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .\nthere are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .\nthere are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .\nhoward and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :\nyou must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .\navibase has been visited 263 , 298 , 170 times since 24 june 2003 . \u00a9 denis lepage | privacy policy\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\ntake a look at what you can get upgrading to our premium dictionary for a very low fee . click here for premium dictionary preview\nthis word is part of our premium dictionary version contents . these contents include thousands of difficult , technical , and special - use words and word phrases , including their translations , synonyms and definitions .\nfor a very low fee , gain access to these contents and to the vast lexicon of word magic software , completely ad - free .\nword usage ( idiomatic , slang , colloquial , figurative , formal , etc . . )\nthank you for subscribing to the free trial . please check your email and click on the confirmation link to start your trial .\nthere was an error when trying to login . please be sure to have an active account with us .\nthe email entered is not valid . please enter a valid format email like [ email protected ]\nwelcome to the trial version of our premium online dictionary . you have now limited access to our vast dictionary - engine . enjoy it and make the best use of it ! for full dictionary feature use , register to our premium online dictionary .\nwe must explain that this free online bilingual dictionary includes all : word magic dictionary & tools professional ( general reference english - spanish bilingual dictionary ) , our unabridged medical dictionary , the law dictionary , the business & finance dictionary and the computer & it dictionary . you can purchase these separately to install in your pc and also as add - ons for your microsoft word and excel . click here to purchase our general dictionary pack , which includes images , definitions and usage examples .\nthe online bilingual dictionary application here provided is a free service of word magic software inc . you will find that it is the most complete online bilingual and bidirectional english - spanish dictionary on the web , showing not only direct translations but synonyms , complete definitions , set phrases , idioms , proverbs , usage examples , famous quotes and compound entries as well , all related to your entry word . on top of that , it offers english and spanish pronunciation , separation into syllables and grammar attributes . it also accepts conjugated verbs and spanish feminine and plural forms as valid entries .\nthe advantage of acquiring them as your personal software is that you will enjoy a better , even friendlier interface with many , many more features including word tagging , bilingual verb conjugation , double - window synonyms , idiom search facilities plus a unique collection of 40 , 000 color pictures associated with noun entries .\nenter conjugated entries , even spanish enclitic verb conjugations ( i . e . hazlo ; c\u00f3metelo , etc . )\nwe offer you several types of english - spanish translators , the best of which combine automatic , context - sensitive translation plus interactive , user - guided translation . our top version , the translator professional plus 5 , comprises the following features : images for easier meaning selection , a translation options module using a multiple - choice wizard that lets you choose among all possible variations for your translation , voice recognition for dictation capabilities and voice commands that allow you to call out the tasks you need without using mouse or keyboard . download a test trial version below !\n* english definitions from : wordnet 2 . 0 copyright 2003 by princeton university . all rights reserved .\nif you need english to spanish or spanish to english translation software , dictionaries or professional translation services , you ' ve come to the right place .\nbut is distinguished by being a mostly green without large dusky specks . there is no known overlap with the also similar\n: tup\u00ed name , tangara = dancer , one who turns and skips , originally used for the manakins , but subsequently ( marcgrave 1648 ) transferred to other bright finch - like birds .\nschulenberg , t . s . , d . f . stotz , and l . rico . 2006 . distribution maps of the birds of peru , version 1 . 0 . environment , culture & conservation ( ecco ) . the field museum .\nmaterial published in urltoken belongs to the author ( s ) and is protected by copyright laws . contributor ( s )\ncontribute to the knowledge and undertanding of bird distribution in peru . report your rare and unusual sightings :\ncorbidi is a peruvian non - profit organization , whose goal is to develop foundations that support biodiversity conservation ."]}
{"id": 748, "summary": [{"text": "retusa obtusa , common name the \" arctic barrel-bubble \" , is a species of very small head-shield sea snail or bubble shell , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family retusidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species occurs widely in the northern parts of the atlantic ocean , occurring in both the eastern atlantic and western atlantic .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "it has also been reported from north carolina , and from alaska in the pacific ocean .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "the shell reaches a maximum size of 3 mm . ", "topic": 0}], "title": "retusa obtusa", "paragraphs": ["variety retusa obtusa var . turrita ( m\u00f8ller , 1842 ) accepted as retusa obtusa ( montagu , 1803 )\nvariety retusa obtusa var . lajonkaireana ( basterot , 1825 ) , sensu jeffreys , 1867 accepted as retusa obtusa ( montagu , 1803 ) ( misidentification )\nretusa obtusata [ sic ] ( misspelling of obtusa ( montagu . 1803 ) )\n( of retusa obtusa var . turrita ( m\u00f8ller , 1842 ) ) bodc . ( 2009 ) . species list from the british oceanographic data centre . [ details ]\n( of retusa obtusa var . lajonkaireana ( basterot , 1825 ) , sensu jeffreys , 1867 ) bodc . ( 2009 ) . species list from the british oceanographic data centre . [ details ]\nberry a . j . ( 1994 ) . foraminiferan prey in the annual life cycle of the predatory opisthobranch gastropod retusa obtusa ( montagu ) . estuarine coastal and shelf science 38 ( 6 ) : 603 - 612 [ details ]\n( of bulla obtusa montagu , 1803 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nto barcode of life ( 4 barcodes ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 2 publications ) ( from synonym retusa turrita m\u00f8ller , 1842 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 28 publications ) ( from synonym retusa pertenuis ( mighels , 1843 ) ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 43 publications ) to clemam to clemam ( from synonym bulla pertenuis mighels , 1843 ) to clemam ( from synonym bulla obtusa montagu , 1803 ) to clemam ( from synonym bulla turrita m\u00f8ller , 1842 ) to clemam ( from synonym utriculus obtusus ( montagu , 1803 ) ) to clemam ( from synonym utriculus obtusus var . semistriata jeffreys , 1869 ) to encyclopedia of life to global biotic interactions ( globi ) to marine species identification portal to pesi to pesi ( from synonym bulla obtusa montagu , 1803 ) to pesi ( from synonym bulla pertenuis mighels , 1843 ) to pesi ( from synonym retusa pertenuis ( mighels , 1843 ) ) to pesi ( from synonym retusa obtusa var . lajonkaireana ( basterot , 1825 ) , sensu jeffreys , 1867 ) to pesi ( from synonym retusa obtusa var . turrita ( m\u00f8ller , 1842 ) ) to pesi ( from synonym utriculus obtusus var . semistriata jeffreys , 1869 ) to pesi ( from synonym utriculus obtusus ( montagu , 1803 ) ) to pesi ( from synonym bulla turrita m\u00f8ller , 1842 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection to itis\n( of retusa pertenuis ( mighels , 1843 ) ) kantor , y . i . & sysoev , a . v . ( eds ) , 2005 . catalogue of molluscs of russia and adjacent countries . moscow [ details ]\n( of retusa obtusa var . lajonkaireana ( basterot , 1825 ) , sensu jeffreys , 1867 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1862 - 1869 ) . british conchology . vol . 1 : pp . cxiv + 341 [ 1862 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 479 [ 1864 ] il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864 . vol . 3 : pp . 394 [ 1865 ] . vol . 4 : pp . 487 [ 1867 ] . vol . 5 : pp . 259 [ 1869 ] . london , van voorst . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : vol . 4 p . 424 [ details ]\n( of bulla obtusa montagu , 1803 ) montagu , george . ( 1803 ) . testacea britannica or natural history of british shells , marine , land , and fresh - water , including the most minute : systematically arranged and embellished with figures . j . white , london , vol . 1 , xxxvii + 291 pp . and vol . 2 , 293\u2013606 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 223 [ details ]\nmontagu , george . ( 1803 ) . testacea britannica or natural history of british shells , marine , land , and fresh - water , including the most minute : systematically arranged and embellished with figures . j . white , london , vol . 1 , xxxvii + 291 pp . and vol . 2 , 293\u2013606 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of bulla turrita m\u00f8ller , 1842 ) m\u00f6ller h . p . c . ( 1842 ) . index molluscorum groenlandiae . naturhistorisk tidsskrift [ copenhagen ] 4 : 76 - 97 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of utriculus obtusus var . semistriata jeffreys , 1869 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1862 - 1869 ) . british conchology . vol . 1 : pp . cxiv + 341 [ 1862 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 479 [ 1864 ] il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864 . vol . 3 : pp . 394 [ 1865 ] . vol . 4 : pp . 487 [ 1867 ] . vol . 5 : pp . 259 [ 1869 ] . london , van voorst . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 223 [ details ]\ngofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nabbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( of utriculus obtusus ( montagu , 1803 ) ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of utriculus obtusus var . semistriata jeffreys , 1869 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of bulla turrita m\u00f8ller , 1842 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of bulla plicata brown , 1827 ) backeljau , t . ( 1986 ) . lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van belgi\u00eb [ list of the recent marine molluscs of belgium ] . koninklijk belgisch instituut voor natuurwetenschappen : brussels , belgium . 106 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( of bulla pertenuis mighels , 1843 ) backeljau , t . ( 1986 ) . lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van belgi\u00eb [ list of the recent marine molluscs of belgium ] . koninklijk belgisch instituut voor natuurwetenschappen : brussels , belgium . 106 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( of bulla pertenuis mighels , 1843 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nintergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nmaris , t . ; beauchard , o . ; van damme , s . ; van den bergh , e . ; wijnhoven , s . ; meire , p . ( 2013 ) . referentiematrices en ecotoopoppervlaktes annex bij de evaluatiemethodiek schelde - estuarium studie naar \u201cecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index\u201d . monitor taskforce publication series , 2013 - 01 . nioz : yerseke . 35 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nm . j . de kluijver , s . s . ingalsuo & r . h . de bruyne\nup to 10 mm . total length ( including animal ) up to 15 mm .\nhayward , p . j . , wigham , g . d . & n . yonow , 1990 . mollusca i : polyplacophora , scaphopoda , and gastropoda . in : the marine fauna of the british isles and north - west europe . ( ed . p . j . hayward & j . s . ryland ) . clarendon press , oxford : 628 - 730 .\npoppe , g . t . & y . goto , 1991 . european seashells . vol . i . 352 pp . wiesbaden / verlag christa hemmen .\nseaward , d . r . , 1990 . distribution of the marine molluscs of north west europe . nature conservancy council .\nthompson , t . e . , 1988 . molluscs : benthic opisthobranchs ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . synopses of the british fauna ( ns ) , 8 : 1 - 356 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\nturgeon , d . d . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , w . k . emerson , w . g . lyons , w . pratt , et al .\nturgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .\ncommon and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\ndana campbell marked\nfile : illustrated index of british shells plate 20 . jpg\nas trusted on the\nspirula spirula ( linnaeus , 1758 )\npage .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .\nthere are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :\nyou have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .\nyour browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .\nyour browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .\nthe date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .\nyou have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .\nthis site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .\nin general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis web site was created within distributed biological observatory ( dbo ) project and was financially supported by polish national science centre ( project number : dec - 2013 / 08 / m / nz8 / 00592 ) .\nsize shell up to 10 mm . color translucent white . habitat on mud or muddy sand , living below the surface in the first few centimeters . depth occurs from lower shore to 300 m . feeding carnivore . distribution arctic .\nwe use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website . if you click ' continue ' we ' ll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you won ' t see this message again . click ' find out more ' for information on how to change your cookie settings .\n\u00a9 2018 nuffield dept . of women ' s & reproductive health , university of oxford , \u200b level 3 , women ' s centre , john radcliffe hospital , oxford , ox3 9du\u200b ."]}
{"id": 756, "summary": [{"text": "nacaduba cyanea , the tailed green-banded line-blue , is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae , and formerly considered a member of the genus danis .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in the indonesia ( irian jaya , maluku ) , papua new guinea , the solomon islands and australia ( queensland ) .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 30 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adult males are blue with a dark brown wing margin .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a pale blue to white patch on the hindwing .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "females are white with a broad black border and a row of blue edged black spots .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the larvae feed on entada phaseoloides and entada scandens .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they are bright green with pale brown head .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the larvae are attended by ants of the anonychomyrma genus .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "pupation takes place in a brown pupa with dark markings", "topic": 11}], "title": "nacaduba cyanea", "paragraphs": ["tennent wj ( 2015 ) a new subspecies of nacaduba cyanea cramer , 1775 , from woodlark island , milne bay province , papua new guinea ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo n . f . , 36 ( 4 ) : 219 - 220 .\n\u201c across the world , natural - history collections hold thousands of species awaiting identification . in fact , researchers today find many more novel animals and plants by sifting through decades - old specimens than they do by surveying tropical forests and remote landscapes . an estimated three - quarters of newly named mammal species are already part of a natural - history collection at the time they are identified . they sometimes sit unrecognised for a century or longer , hidden in drawers , half - forgotten in jars , misidentified , unlabelled . \u201d museums : the endangered dead ( c . kemp , nature 518 ( 7539 ) : 292\u2013294 , london , 19 th february 2015 ) a new subspecies of nacaduba cyanea ( cramer , 1775 ) , n . c . sanane ssp . n . , from the indonesian island of buru is described and illustrated . it is compared with nominotypical cyanea ( tl : \u201cwest - indi\u00ebn\u201d [ = west indies ] ; recte : \u201coost - indi\u00ebn\u201d [ = east indies ] ) and n . c . obiana ( fruhstorfer , 1915 ) ( tl : obi ) . all eight currently recognised moluccan subspecies of n . cyanea , including n . c . sanane ssp . n . , are illustrated and a map depicting their distribution in the moluccas is presented .\nthe male adults are blue with a dark brown edge around each wing . the hindwings have a pale blue or even white patch across them , and each hindwing has a tail near the\nunderneath , both sexes are similar , with white forewings having a wide dark brown edge . the wings underneath are white with wide black\nof each hindwing , each spot surrounded by an iridescent green ring . the butterflies have a wing span of about 3 cms .\nthe eggs are white , round , and flattened , with a finely pitted surface . they are laid singly on tendrils and young growth of a foodplant .\n, csiro publishing , melbourne 2000 , vol . 2 , pp . 786 - 787 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies . by continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies .\nbrill\u2019s mybook program is exclusively available on brillonline books and journals . students and scholars affiliated with an institution that has purchased a brill e - book on the brillonline platform automatically have access to the mybook option for the title ( s ) acquired by the library . brill mybook is a print - on - demand paperback copy which is sold at a favorably uniform low price .\n< ? xml version =\n1 . 0\nencoding =\nutf - 8\n? > < event > < eventlog > < portalid > brill < / portalid > < sessionid > plgmgxfa2s7s3s _ a _ yr - 32bk . x - brill - live - 02 < / sessionid > < useragent > python / 3 . 5 aiohttp / 3 . 3 . 2 < / useragent > < identityid > guest < / identityid > < identity _ list > guest < / identity _ list > < ipaddress > 35 . 238 . 145 . 138 < / ipaddress > < eventtype > personalisation < / eventtype > < createdon > 1531168680333 < / createdon > < / eventlog > < eventlogproperty > < item _ id > urltoken < / item _ id > < type > favourite < / type > < / eventlogproperty > < / event >\ncramer , p . [ & stoll , c . ] , 1775\u20131790 . de uitlandsche kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld - deelen asia , africa en america , 1 ( 1\u20137 ) : xxx , 16 , 1\u2013132 , pl . 1\u201384 ( 1775 ) , 1 ( 8 ) : 133\u2013156 , pl . 85\u201396 ( 1776 ) , 2 ( 9\u201316 ) : 157\u2013208 , pl . 97\u2013192 ( 1777 ) , 3 ( 17\u201321 ) : 1\u2013104 , pl . 193\u2013252 ( 1779 ) , 3 ( 22\u201324 ) : 105\u2013176 , pl . 253\u2013288 ( 1780 ) [ by cramer ; published by stoll after cramer\u2019s death ] , 4 ( 25\u201326a ) : 1\u201328 , pl . 289\u2013304 ( 1780 ) [ by cramer ; published by stoll after cramer\u2019s death ] , 4 ( 26b\u201328 ) : 29\u201390 , pl . 305\u2013336 ( 1780 ) [ this and subsequent parts by stoll ] , 4 ( 29\u201331 ) : 91\u2013164 , pl . 337\u2013372 ( 1781 ) , 4 ( 32\u201334 ) : 165\u2013252 , pl . 373\u2013400 ( 1782 ) , suppl . ( 1 ) : 1\u201342 , pl . i\u2013viii ( 1787 ) , ( 2 ) : 43\u2013162 , pl . ix\u2013xxvi ( 1790 ) , ( 3 ) : 163\u2013184 , pl . xxxvii\u2013xlii ( 1790 ) , s . j . baalde , amsterdam , netherlands .\n. a generic classification of the tribe polyommatini of the oriental and australian regions ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae , polyommatinae ) . \u2013 bulletin of the university of osaka prefecture ( b ) 44 ( supplement ) : 1\u2013102 .\n] ) , buru , bali , and misol . \u2013 novitates zoologicae 22 : 105\u2013144 , 209\u2013227 .\ng . vierbergen ; h . kucharczyk and w . d . j . kirk\nk . - g . heller ; k . m . orci ; g . grein and s . ingrisch\nthis entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration . please try to find a suitable image on wikimedia commons or upload one there yourself !\nthis page was last edited on 29 november 2017 , at 14 : 14 .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy .\nthe source code for museums victoria collections is available on github under the mit license .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\ngrose - smith , h . & kirby , w . f . 1896 , vol . 2 , pp . 259 pp . , gurney & jackson , london\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1ade9441 - bef6 - 4292 - a67c - b3c046426aad\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2d7a590f - efd4 - 458c - b687 - c8fa0de25b40\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 504837f2 - 3067 - 4052 - 8113 - 34f9c765e5fc\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 50fef073 - 33b1 - 4229 - ba1c - 45b770ef12c0\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7702b2d6 - b053 - 4a82 - 9c7d - 3e68d39236b3\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ba1292e2 - 4a2a - 4ab2 - 9f8a - ae2906001deb\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 55ac199e - e8f3 - 4603 - 832b - c6886db0ff98\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 400096\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 14f833ba - cf8f - 4364 - b7e0 - 17f00e8ea0e4\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2a45fc01 - a59b - 4e4d - 9433 - d700faa54ebf\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 578db563 - 50a6 - 4f2a - 904c - ec7a77c9a5d2\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 73e6cf11 - 6cdf - 4bd4 - b597 - e332743d4eea\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ec18b51e - 3c66 - 4ef8 - ab02 - f33808cd2b37\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f1082456 - a628 - 46b5 - 8409 - 0a127bfb2c94\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1cdf4c13 - 67d2 - 4cf9 - 96fe - 75ff364fff14\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 302869\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : wildlife statistics are based on information that has been submitted to the des wildnet database and converted to a 10km\u00b2 grid . the grid information has been intersected with the mapping polygons to determine the species lists . click here to view the species grid metadata .\ndisclaimer : while every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of this product , the queensland government and australian government make no representations or warranties about its accuracy , reliability , completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and disclaim all responsibility and all liability ( including without limitation , liability in negligence ) for all expenses , losses , damages ( including indirect or consequential damage ) and costs which might be incurred as a consequence of reliance on the product , or as a result of the product being inaccurate or incomplete in any way and for any reason .\n( 2015 ) the poetry bug . an anthology of writing by poets , entomologists , intellectuals , musicians and more . . . . . . . tennent wj ( eds ) . parthian books : cardigan . 405 .\nnaba names committee ( 2015 ) interim report of the naba names committee [ 1 ] ( with contributions from braby , m . , edwards , a . , epstein , m . , glassberg , j . , hall , p . w . , heath , f . , hsu , y - f . , larsen , t . , lohman , d . , pierce , n . , scoble , m . , springer , j . , tennent , j . , vane - wright , [ r . i . ] , viloria , a . , west , j . & yen , s . h ) . . american butterflies , 24 ( 4 ) : 20 - 33 .\ntennent wj ( 2015 ) african queens and their kin . a darwinian odyssey , by david a . s . smith . entomologist\u2019s gazette , 66 ( 4 ) : 276 - 278 .\ntennent wj ( 2015 ) survival stories : storm tossed , in : facing fear ( pioneer edition ) , wedner d ( eds ) . national geographic explorer collection , cengage learning : washington d . c . . 17 .\ntennent wj ( 2015 ) a review of cethosia cydippe linnaeus , 1767 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , heliconiinae ) from the eastern parts of its range ( milne bay province , papua new guinea ) . . butterflies , 68 : 8 - 20 .\ntennent wj ( 2015 ) a new subspecies of cupha prosope fabricius , 1775 ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae ) from the trobriands island of kitava , milne bay province , papua new guinea . . butterflies , 68 : 4 - 7 .\ntennent wj , clapp g , clapp e ( 2015 ) a checklist of the hawkmoths of woodlark island , papua new guinea ( lepidoptera , sphingidae ) . . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo ( n . f . ) , 36 ( 1 ) : 55 - 61 .\ntennent wj , russell pjc ( 2015 ) notes on some hawkmoths ( lepidoptera : sphingidae ) from the cape verde islands . . zoologica caboverdiana , 5 ( 2 ) : 105 - 110 .\ntennent wj , russell pjc ( 2015 ) butterflies of the cape verde islands ( insecta , lepidoptera ) . . zoologica caboverdiana , 5 ( 2 ) : 64 - 104 .\ntennent wj ( 2015 ) book review : a naturalist\u2019s guide to the butterflies of peninsular malaysia , singapore and thailand , by laurence kirton . entomologist\u2019s gazette , 66 ( 1 ) : 78 - 79 .\ntennent wj ( 2015 ) book review : guide to the butterflies of the palearctic region . pieridae part ii , subfamily coliadinae , tribe coliadini , by josef grieshuber ( edited by g . c . bozano ) . entomologist\u2019s gazette , 66 ( 1 ) : 79 - 80 .\ntennent wj ( 2014 ) euploea eurianassa hewitson , 1858 , in milne bay province , papua new guinea with description of a new subspecies from the remote island of nasikwabu ( lepidoptera : danainae ) . butterflies ( teinopalpus ) , 66 : 46 - 49 .\ntennent wj ( 2014 ) first record of the invasive lycaenid species chilades pandava ( horsfield , 1829 ) , from papua new guinea ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . nachrichten entomologischen vereins apollo n . f . , 35 ( 1 / 2 ) : 43 - 46 .\ntennent wj ( 2014 ) entomologische notiz . correction to : \u201cthe butterflies described by bernard d\u2019abrera in three editions of \u2018butterflies of the australian region ( 1971 , 1977 , 1990 ) ( lepidoptera , rhopalocera ) \u2019 . nachrichten entomologischen vereins apollo n . f , 35 ( 3 ) :\ntennent wj ( 2014 ) book review : guide to the butterflies of the palaearctic region . nymphalidae part vi , subfamily limenitidinae , by e . gallo & c . della bruna ( edited by g . c . bozano ) . entomologist\u2019s gazette , 65 ( 3 ) :\ntennent wj ( 2014 ) book review : lepidoptera , papilionoidea , by enrique garcia - barros , miguel munguira , constantin\u00ed stefanescu & antonio vives moreno . fauna iberica 37 . entomologist\u2019s gazette , 65 ( 4 ) : 255 - 256 .\ntennent wj ( 2014 ) two new subspecies of mycalesis terminus ( fabricius , 1775 ) , from the islands of milne bay province , papua new guinea ( lepidoptera , satyrinae ) . tropical lepidoptera research , 24 ( 2 ) : 62 - 66 .\nmonastyrskii al , tennent wj , o\u2019dell j ( 2014 ) further evidence of disjunctions in ranges of east asian satyrines butterflies : a new subspecies of rhaphicera dumicola ( oberth\u00fcr , 1876 ) from northern vietnam ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae : satyrinae ) . atalanta , w\u00fcrzburg , 45 ( 1 - 4 ) : 163 - 165 .\nm\u00fcller cj , tennent wj ( 2014 ) a new species of hypochrysops felder & felder , 1860 , from waigeo island , indonesia ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . suara serangga papua , , 8 ( 4 ) : 109 - 115 .\nrawlins a , schr\u00f6der s , cassidy ac , m\u00fcller cj , tennent wj ( 2014 ) an illustrated and annotated checklist of jamides h\u00fcbner , 1819 , taxa occurring in the indonesian provinces of north maluku and maluku ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . nachrichten entomologischen vereins apollo n . f . , 35 ( 1 / 2 ) : 5 - 39 .\ntennent wj , m\u00fcller cj , peggie d ( 2014 ) two new butterflies ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae ) from the collections of the museum zoologi bogor , indonesia . tropical lepidoptera research , 24 ( 1 ) : 10 - 14 .\ntennent wj , treadaway cg ( 2014 ) a new subspecies of mycalesis aramis hewitson , 1866 , from the island of mindoro , philippines ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , satyrinae ) . nachrichten entomologischen vereins apollo n . f . , 35 ( 3 ) : 139 - 140 .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice ."]}
{"id": 762, "summary": [{"text": "bulweria is a genus of seabirds in the family procellariidae named after english naturalist james bulwer .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the genus has two extant species , bulwer 's petrel ( b. bulwerii ) and jouanin 's petrel ( b. fallax ) .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "a third species , the olson 's petrel ( bulweria bifax ) , became extinct in the early 16th century ; it is known only from skeletal remains .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "bulwer 's petrel ranges in the atlantic , indian and pacific oceans , whereas joaunin 's petrel is confined to the northwestern indian ocean .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "olson 's petrel is known from the atlantic .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "bulweria petrels have long been considered related to the gadfly petrels in the genus pterodroma , but recent mtdna cytochrome b sequence analysis has proven them to be closely related to the shearwaters in the genus puffinus and especially the procellaria petrels . ", "topic": 22}], "title": "bulweria", "paragraphs": ["migrating to google cloud platform in phases over three months allowed bulweria to test and optimise its new platform while minimising disruption to its existing users . bulweria redesigned cup around kubernetes and google kubernetes engine to deploy cup in new territories with speed and stability . with google cloud load balancing automatically distributing resources as needed , bulweria ensured powerful , fast performance at all times . google\u2019s suite of big data and machine learning products provide bulweria with the opportunity to integrate cup\u2019s user data with their vehicles to create a smart mobility system . with google cloud speech api and google cloud natural language , the company can enhance user engagement with voice - based interactivity .\nbulweria works directly with its customers r & d departments , developing in many cases unique solutions . we provide creativity in technology in solving problems and complex situations .\nbulweria ' s cup allowed for car sharing to arrive in moscow . it is able to manage big data in a very easy way and it also supports integration with other mobility services .\nwith its new gcp - based infrastructure , bulweria increased its capability from handling hundreds to millions of vehicles in only three months . cup is now a highly scalable , reliable platform that takes more than a thousand measurements every second on each of its cars , generating terabytes of data a day without compromising on performance while the speed of the migration gave bulweria a competitive advantage in a fast - moving market . over the past year , bulweria has signed agreements across the globe with car - sharing operators , vehicle manufacturers , and even municipal administrations who are looking to integrate cup with their public transport systems .\nbased in the uk , bulweria is an it company that develops and sells highly advanced and innovative technological solutions across the globe . in 2015 , bulweria developed cup - the car - sharing universal platform . managing the systems of car - sharing in free - floating , point - to - point and mixed modes , cup is an innovative , resilient cloud platform with the ability to manage millions of vehicles across the globe . to learn more , visit\nleveraging its expertise in big data analytics , uk - based it solutions company bulweria has rolled out its car sharing universal platform ( cup ) across more than 25 countries . integrating vehicle measurements , user data , and transport systems worldwide , the car sharing platform handles billions of data points every day for thousands of cars . with more than a million vehicles set to be involved over the next year alone , they needed to be able to scale at rapid speed . to do this , bulweria built cup on google cloud platform .\nwe were looking for a platform to set up a car - sharing service at european scale . it needed to be reliable , scalable and flexible , so to support an ever increasing number of vehicles , users and countries . we are extremely satisfied with the results of bulweria .\n\u201cgoogle cloud offered the best solution in terms of scalability and cost . kubernetes was the only solution that could match our solutions , and cloud load balancer was the best product we found on the market . we love it ! \u201d - alessandro arciero , chief information officer , bulweria ltd\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : bulweria bulwerii . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nbulweria is an it company that develops and sells highly advanced and innovative technological solutions for applications worldwide . global economy has a vital need of new business , based on a particular innovative technological content . to achieve this , it\u2019s essential to provide the new business ideas of adequate technological creativity , in partnership with a project team .\n\u201cwhat started as a general car - sharing platform is now shifting into an integrated mobility system . we will continue to evolve our platform to be at the forefront of modern technological standards . google is the only partner who can provide the services we need to do that . \u201d - emanuele pistone , chief executive officer , bulweria ltd\na successful mobility platform has to generate , store , and analyse huge amounts of data with minimal disruption to its end users . within one year of its creation , cup ' s projected network had grown from a few hundred cars to orders of magnitude more . its existing infrastructure would have struggled to handle such a workload , so bulweria looked to rebuild cup around the core objectives of rapid scalability and reliability .\n\u201cthe sharing mobility market exploded . in a very short space of time , the demand for more and more cars accelerated . the existing technological platforms were not able to deal with that . it is not possible to manage that many vehicles without a cloud infrastructure . for every $ 1 , 000 we spend with google cloud platform , we would have spent $ 100 , 000 on old platforms . \u201d - domenico mangiacapra , business development executive , bulweria ltd .\nemerging sharing economy and related social behaviours are creating novel , virtuous lifestyles . fostering them is our goal . we design , develop and deliver car sharing systems , integrated mobility platforms and other solutions for modern transportation needs .\nwe build and deploy continuously evolving car sharing platforms , to cope with emerging partner demands and evolving customer habits .\nthe more systems connect to a network , the more advantages individuals and companies derive from it . we enable such benefits in transportation .\nwe shape new transportation paradigms for people and goods , allowing seamless information exchange before , during and after trips .\ncup\u00a9 is an innovative , integrated car sharing platform for free floating , point - to - point and mixed operational modes .\nwe deliver free floating , point - to - point and mixed mode shared mobility platforms , for both public and enterprise contexts . we have been working with cars , bikes and other transportation means , enabling seamless transportation experiences , improving people ' s life quality and company efficiency . our expertise with hardware and software allows us to build custom products and quickly integrate existing systems and devices with our cup platform or custom solutions we build .\nour solutions are built with scalability in mind . infrastructures grow alongside with customer businesses , so to support peaks , accomodate growth and meet new demands . our cloud oriented approach allows system expansion without interruptions as new servers are added on the fly . our experience with distributed systems and high loads allows us to tame big data produced by users , vehicles and all other connected systems .\nonce you hit the road , you don ' t want to step into a breakdown . reliability is one of the ingredients which makes our cup platform a wise choice for your service and a service provider favourite . our experience with mission critical , cloud based systems , allows us to create decoupled , robust and resilient software architectures . these constitute the solid foundations of our reliable products .\ntechnologies . we also give support 24 / 24 and 365 / 365 to all of our customers .\nour goal is to set new standards of cooperation with our customers and provide innovative companies . we strive to create an open dialogue aimed at encouraging people to work together and to deliver superior products to customers .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ncramp , s . and simmons , k . e . l . ( eds ) . 1977 - 1994 . handbook of the birds of europe , the middle east and africa . the birds of the western palearctic . oxford university press , oxford .\nashpole , j , butchart , s . , calvert , r . , ekstrom , j . , newton , p .\njustification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthis species is pantropical , being found in all three oceans outside the breeding season . breeding sites include the eastern atlantic from the azores ,\ncape verde ; china ; french guiana ; french polynesia ; indonesia ; japan ; kiribati ; malaysia ; marshall islands ; mauritania ; micronesia , federated states of ; morocco ; northern mariana islands ; palau ; portugal ; saint helena , ascension and tristan da cunha ; senegal ; spain ( canary is . ) ; taiwan , province of china ; timor - leste ; united states ( hawaiian is . ) ; united states minor outlying islands\nbrooke ( 2004 ) estimated the global population to number c . 500 , 000 - 1 , 000 , 000 individuals , while national population estimates include : c . 100 - 10 , 000 breeding pairs and c . 50 - 1 , 000 individuals on migration in china ; < c . 100 breeding pairs and c . 1 , 000 - 10 , 000 individuals on migration in taiwan and c . 100 - 10 , 000 breeding pairs and c . 50 - 1 , 000 individuals on migration in japan ( brazil 2009 ) . the european population is estimated at 6 , 100 pairs , which equates to 12 , 100 mature individuals ( birdlife international 2015 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats . the european population trend is unknown ( birdlife international 2015 ) .\nthis species is marine and higly pelagic , usually being found far from land except during the breeding season . its diet comprises mainly of fish and squid , with minor proportions of crustaceans and sea - striders , feeding largely at night by surface - seizing . the breeding season begins in april or may , with individuals forming colonies in a wide variety of habitats on offshore islands . nests can be burrows , crevices , cracks or caves , under debris or vegetation cover ( del hoyo\nthe following information refers to the species ' s european range only : predation by cats , rats and endemic invertebrates occurs at breeding colonies in the north east atlantic ( cabral et al . 2005 , matias et al 2009 ) . a large colony in desertas island ( madeira ) suffers intense human exploitation for food or fish bait , which also occurs in other north east atlantic sites although not in the salvage islands ( madeira ) , since the declaration of the islands as a national park ( carboneras et al . 2014 ) . light pollution at night might be important cause of mortality in some areas . habitat loss at colony sites is also considered a threat to this species in the canary islands , madeira and azores ( carboneras et al . 2014 ) . the species is vulnerable to oil spills and marine pollution . it is at risk of being caught as bycatch in fishing gear including pelagic longlines ( waugh et al . 2012 ) .\nconservation actions underway the species is listed under appendix ii of the bern convention , and under annex i of the eu birds directive . in europe it is currently listed as occurring in 26 marine important bird areas . in the eu it is listed within 23 special protection areas . conservation actions proposed the following information refers to the species ' s european range only : ongoing management and eradication of invasive predators at breeding colonies ; enforcement and regulation of human exploitation ; mitigation and reduction of light pollution from shipping and human settlements ; bycatch monitoring on board vessels and reduction and mitigation on fishing vessels where appropriate .\n( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22698132a110670540 .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\ncombined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nan informative website about birdwatching and madeira wildlife developed by wind birds naturalists and tour leaders to madeira visitors .\na small petrel with slim body , large wingspan proportionally to body , pointed wings and long tail . there is no clear sexual dimorphism , despite bill and tarsus being longer in males .\nbulwer\u2019s petrel flight is usually not high from seawater , especially on strong winds and it flies alone or in pairs . it is not commonly seen in feeding frenzies with cetaceans though it is normally attracted to chum .\nthis seabird is a species of tropical and subtropical waters , ranging from 10\u00ba s to 40\u00ba n , in northeast atlantic , pacific and indian oceans . in the atlantic it breeds on the canary islands , all madeira archipelago islands and on some islets of cape verde and azores .\nas normally there is no other all - dark petrel or shearwater in the north atlantic , the only species it might be confused with is the rarely seen swinhoe\u2019s storm petrel though bulwer\u2019s petrel is almost twice its size and with a long and not forked tail .\nseasonality in madeira : from mid april to end of september breeding : nests are usually natural holes in the ground or cliffs , not excavated where 1 egg is laid between late may and mid june with fledging occurring in september . diet : they feed on small fish on the surface\nmadeira local status by romano et al , 2010 : very common breeding bird madeira local status by zino et al , 1995 : very common breeding bird conservation status by the iucn red list categories , 2013 : least concern ver 3 . 1\njoin madeira wildlife monthly newsletter . all the updates on your email every month .\n\u00a9 2004 - 2018 wind birds , lda . contact faq privacy terms \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 wind birds\u2122 is a trademark of wind birds , lda cc by - nc - nd 4 . 0\nits contact call resembling a barking dog . bulwer ' s nests much closer to the shore than for example the shearwaters .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nhas a wide distribution , encompassing subtropical and tropical waters of the atlantic and pacific oceans . in ne atlantic , they nest in the azores , madeira , canaries and cape verde islands . at selvagens and particularly at desertas they are extremely abundant , but little is known on their ecology .\nas far as it is known , bulwer\u2019s petrels feed mostly on mesopelagic fish ( particularly sternoptychids and myctophids ) and squid , but no detailed studies have been carried out in the atlantic . their foraging and migratory movements are completely unknown .\ntaking advantage of recent technological developments , this project aims to carry out the first detailed ecological study ( with an emphasis on foraging ecology ) of this species .\n\u00a9 copyright 2023 my site name . no animals were harmed in the making . click me to edit me ."]}
{"id": 764, "summary": [{"text": "granulifusus benjamini is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "granulifusus benjamini", "paragraphs": ["hadorn r . & fraussen k . 2005 . revision of the genus granulifusus kuroda & habe 1954 with description of some new species ( gastropoda : prosobranchia : fasciolariidae ) . archiv f\u00fcr molluskenkunde 134 ( 2 ) : 129 - 171 . [ details ]\nafter more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .\nlast week - on may 30 and 31st \u2013 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .\non 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .\nthe 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to fran\u00e7ois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .\nin 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .\nthe scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .\nintergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]\npoint radius ( mm ) 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 7 0 . 8 0 . 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the ala .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nthe ala is made possible by contributions from its partners , is supported by ncris and hosted by csiro .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !"]}
{"id": 766, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia pantellata is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in spain , portugal , sicily and north africa and the canary islands .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 14 \u2013 16 mm . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "eupithecia pantellata", "paragraphs": ["valter jacinto marked\nborboleta / / moth ( eupithecia pantellata )\nas trusted on the\neupithecia pantellata\npage .\nthis is the place for pantellata definition . you find here pantellata meaning , synonyms of pantellata and images for pantellata copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word pantellata . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word pantellata and , of course , pantellata synonyms and on the right images related to the word pantellata .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nbaez , m . - mariposas de canarias . in editorial rueda , alcorcon ( madrid ) , 216 pp . 1998\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwebsite \u00a9 jim wheeler 2016 - 2018 . nola - x database system \u00a9 jim wheeler 2018 . - sponsored by urltoken & urltoken"]}
{"id": 773, "summary": [{"text": "scrobipalpa pseudolutea is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by piskunov in 1990 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in china ( ningxia ) and mongolia . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "scrobipalpa pseudolutea", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\na new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .\na new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa \u00fcnal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !\na new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog\u2014the famous fictional spider from \u201charry potter\u201d book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film \u201charry potter and the chamber of secrets\u201d , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .\nmariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel\nidentification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 774, "summary": [{"text": "grammodes congenita is a moth of the family noctuidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in africa , including south africa , swaziland and madagascar .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "foodplants of the larvae of this species are cistus salvifolius , rubus sp. , smilax sp. and polygonum sp. .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "this species also figures on a $ 100 stamp of cabo verde from 1999 . ", "topic": 17}], "title": "grammodes congenita", "paragraphs": ["children grammodes afroculta , grammodes afrocculta , grammodes species no . 1 , grammodes stupida , grammodes bifasciata , grammodes chalciptera , grammodes curvilinea , grammodes congenita , grammodes cingularis , grammodes stolida , grammodes microgonia , grammodes euclidioides subsp . euclidioides , grammodes exclusiva , grammodes monodonta subsp . monodonta , grammodes linearis , grammodes parallelaris , grammodes parallela , grammodes dubitans , grammodes monodonta subsp . somaliensis , grammodes euclidioides subsp . postfumida\nvalter jacinto marked\nborboleta nocturna / / moth ( grammodes bifasciata )\nas trusted on the\ngrammodes bifasciata\npage .\ngrammodes - species dictionary - southern africa : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ne is a wetland habitat specialist and lays eggs on the marsh grass leersia hexandra ."]}
{"id": 775, "summary": [{"text": "lyclene uncalis is a moth of the arctiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by kirti and gill in 2009 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in india ( karnataka , tamil nadu , kerala ) .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 20 mm for males and 22 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the ground colour of the forewings is reddish orange .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the base of the costa is black and there is a black basal spot and black bands .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are yellowish orange , irrorated with pink scales . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "lyclene uncalis", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for uncalis definition . you find here uncalis meaning , synonyms of uncalis and images for uncalis copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word uncalis . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word uncalis and , of course , uncalis synonyms and on the right images related to the word uncalis .\nlyclene uncalis ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 43\nlyclene uncalis kirti & gill , 2009 ; acta zool . cracov . 52 b ( 1 - 2 ) : 111 ; tl : india , karnataka , medikeri , 1100m\nlyclene cumseriata bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene labyrintha bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene lineidistincta bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene malayproducta bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene pectena bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene pingera bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene fruhstorferi aurivillius , 1894 ; ent . tidskr . 15 : 172 ; tl : java\nlyclene undulata bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene valdenigra bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene venustula bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene biseriata ; [ mob7 ] : 344 , pl . 4 , f . 154 , 169\nlyclene circumdata ; [ mob7 ] : 347 , pl . 4 , f . 163 , 168\nlyclene cuneigera ; [ mob7 ] : 351 , pl . 4 , f . 181 , 184\nlyclene peloa ; [ mob7 ] : 355 , pl . 4 , f . 204 , 207\nlyclene xanthopera ; [ mob7 ] : 345 , pl . 4 , f . 156 , 170\nlyclene x - linea bucsek , 2012 ; malaysia inst . zool . : ( 1 - 170 )\nlyclene cuneifera ; [ mob7 ] : 352 , pl . 4 , f . 4a , 188 , 209\nlyclene\nsynestramena ; [ mob7 ] : 357 , pl . 4 , f . 192 , 195\nlyclene ( nudariina ) ; scott , zaspel , chialvo & weller , 2014 , syst . ent . 39 : 288\nlyclene asaphes ; dubatolov & bucsek , 2014 , amurian zool . j . 6 ( 2 ) : 179 ( note )\nlyclene cylletona ; dubatolov & bucsek , 2014 , amurian zool . j . 6 ( 2 ) : 180 ( note )\nlyclene arcuata ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 40\nlyclene congerens ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 40\nlyclene conjunctana ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 40\nlyclene dasara ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 41\nlyclene goaensis ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 41\nlyclene hollowai ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 41\nlyclene kishidai ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 41\nlyclene lutara ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 42\nlyclene metamelas ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 42\nlyclene nebulosa ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 42\nlyclene nubilalis ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 42\nlyclene toxodes ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 43\nlyclene undulosa ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 43\nlyclene atrigutta walker , 1862 ; j . proc . linn . soc . ( zool . ) 6 : 116 ; tl : sarawak\nlyclene classeigera holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 351 , pl . 4 , f . 183 ; tl : sarawak , kuching , semongok\nlyclene cuneifera walker , 1862 ; j . proc . linn . soc . ( zool . ) 6 : 113 ; tl : borneo , sarawak\nlyclene distributa walker , 1862 ; j . proc . linn . soc . ( zool . ) 6 : 113 ; tl : borneo , sarawak\nlyclene distributa ; [ mob18 ] , 45 ( note ) ; [ mob7 ] : 356 , pl . 4 , f . 202 , 215\nlyclene angulinea holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 350 , pl . 4 , f . 206 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park\nlyclene apiseriata holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 344 , pl . 4 , f . 153 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park\nlyclene peloa swinhoe , 1904 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 14 ( 84 ) : 420 ; tl : padang , sumatra\nlyclene postseriata holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 346 , pl . 4 , f . 158 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park\nlyclene radians moore , 1878 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 : 30 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; tl : calcutta\nlyclene unguifera holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 353 , pl . 4 , f . 193 ; tl : sabah , mt . kinabalu , 5500ft\nlyclene obtusilinea holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 349 , pl . 4 , f . 174 , 179 ; tl : brunei , 1670m , bukit pagon\nlyclene puncakica dubatolov & bucsek , 2014 ; amurian zool . j . 6 ( 2 ) : 180 ; tl : sulawesi selat , puncak , 27km w palopo\nlyclene acutiseriata holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 346 , pl . 4 , f . 161 , 166 ; tl : brunei , pengkalan batu agr . stn\nlyclene angulifera holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 353 , pl . 4 , f . 187 , 210 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park\nlyclene excaviseriata holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 345 , pl . 4 , f . 155 , 165 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park\nlyclene fusciramorum holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 355 , pl . 4 , f . 194 , 197 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park\nlyclene multiramorum holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 354 , pl . 4 , f . 191 , 196 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park\nlyclene pseudobunda holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 351 , pl . 4 , f . 171 , 182 ; tl : sarawak , gunong mulu nat . park\nlyclene areolifera holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 352 , pl . 4 , f . 189 , 211 ; tl : n . borneo , mt . kina balu\nlyclene goaensis kirti & gill , 2009 ; acta zool . cracov . 52 b ( 1 - 2 ) : 117 ; tl : india , goa , keri , 90m\nlyclene hollowai kirti & gill , 2009 ; acta zool . cracov . 52 b ( 1 - 2 ) : 112 ; tl : india , gurajat , saputara , 970m\nlyclene kishidai kirti & gill , 2009 ; acta zool . cracov . 52 b ( 1 - 2 ) : 110 ; tl : india , kerala , chendruni , 70m\nlyclene obscurilinea holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 348 , pl . 4 , f . 173 , 176 ; tl : sabah , mt . kinabalu , mesilau , 1500m\nlyclene poring holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 348 , pl . 4 , f . 160 ; tl : sabah , poring , 1800ft , e of mt . kinabalu\nlyclene ashleigera holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 352 , pl . 4 , f . 180 , 185 ; tl : sabah , poring , 1800ft , e of mt . kinabalu\nlyclene diehli dubatolov & bucsek , 2014 ; amurian zool . j . 6 ( 2 ) : 179 ; tl : nort sumatra , sindar raya , 98\u00b057 ' e , 3\u00b009 ' n\nlyclene falciseriata holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 346 , pl . 4 , f . 159 , 164 ; tl : sabah , poring , 1800ft , e of mt . kinabalu\nlyclene kepica dubatolov & bucsek , 2013 ; tinea 22 ( 4 ) : 285 , f . 6 ; tl : cambodia , kep , 10 . 494\u00b0n , 104 . 296\u00b0e , 51m\nlyclene mesilaulinea holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 349 , pl . 4 , f . 175 , 177 , 270 ; tl : sabah , mt . kinabalu , mesilau , 1500m\nlyclene quadrata holloway , 2001 ; [ mob7 ] : 347 , pl . 4 , f . 162 , 167 ; tl : sabah , poring , 1800ft , e of mt . kinabalu\nlyclene pudibunda ; [ mob7 ] : 350 , pl . 4 , f . 172 , 186 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 42\nlyclene kosterini dubatolov & bucsek , 2013 ; tinea 22 ( 4 ) : 284 , f . 5 ; tl : cambodia , kampot , boko hill staion , 1030m , 10\u00b037 ' 37\nn 104\u00b001 ' 33\ne\nlyclene kontumica dubatolov & bucsek , 2013 ; tinea 22 ( 4 ) : 285 , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : vietnam , ngoc linh , kon tum prov , 14\u00b045 ' - 15\u00b015 ' n ; 107\u00b021 ' - 108\u00b020 ' e\nlyclene semifascia ; moore , 1882 , lepid . ceylon 2 ( 1 ) : 63 , pl . 103 , f . 7 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 43\nlyclene zinchenkoi dubatolov & bucsek , 2013 ; tinea 22 ( 4 ) : 284 , f . 4 ; tl : thailand , phisanulok , 18km n nakhon , tail vil . , 426m , 17\u00b015 , 7 ' n , ; 100\u00b051 , 4 ' e\nlyclene weidenhofferi cern\u00fd , 2012 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo 32 ( 3 / 4 ) : 121 ; tl : n . thailand , chiang mai , fang , doi ang khang , 1425m , 29\u00b054 ' 10\nn , 99\u00b02 ' 28\ne\nlyclene humilis ; singh , singh , sharma & joshi , 2013 , proc . natl . acad . sci . india ( b ) 83 ( 1 ) : 32 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 41\nlyclene linga ; singh , singh , sharma & joshi , 2013 , proc . natl . acad . sci . india ( b ) 83 ( 1 ) : 40 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 41\nlyclene radians ; singh , singh , sharma & joshi , 2013 , proc . natl . acad . sci . india ( b ) 83 ( 1 ) : 37 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 42\nlyclene spilosomoides ; singh , singh , sharma & joshi , 2013 , proc . natl . acad . sci . india ( b ) 83 ( 1 ) : 43 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 43\nlyclene strigipennis ; singh , singh , sharma & joshi , 2013 , proc . natl . acad . sci . india ( b ) 83 ( 1 ) : 43 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 43\nlyclene dharma ; [ mob7 ] : 344 ( note ) ; singh , singh , sharma & joshi , 2013 , proc . natl . acad . sci . india ( b ) 83 ( 1 ) : 34 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 41\nlyclene calamaria ; [ mob7 ] : 356 , pl . 4 , f . 203 , 214 ; singh , singh , sharma & joshi , 2013 , proc . natl . acad . sci . india ( b ) 83 ( 1 ) : 43 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 40\nlyclene obsoleta ; [ mob7 ] : 355 , pl . 4 , f . 190 , 198 ; singh , singh , sharma & joshi , 2013 , proc . natl . acad . sci . india ( b ) 83 ( 1 ) : 34 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 42\nasura acteola swinhoe , 1903 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 11 ( 65 ) : 501 ; tl : siam , muok - lek\nasura intermedia marumo , 1923 ; j . coll . agric . imp . univ . tokyo , 8 ( 2 ) : 138 , pl . 3 , f . 2\nindia ( manipur , sikkim , tamil nadu , uttaranchal ) , ceylon , java , taiwan , japan . see [ maps ]\nasura asaphes hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 451 , pl . 31 , f . 31 ; tl : borneo , sandakan\nasura biseriata hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 458 , pl . 31 , f . 27 ; tl : borneo , sandakan\nasura strigipennis ; barlow , 1982 , intr . moths of south east asia : 71\nmiltochrisa tibeta clara daniel , 1951 ; bonn . zool . beitr . 2 ( 3 - 4 ) : 312 ; tl : likiang\nlarva on artocarpus incisa moore , 1878 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 : 30\nindia ( sikkim , assam , arunachal pradesh , nagaland ) , bhutan . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; kaleka & rose , 2002 , zoos ' print j . 17 ( 8 ) : 854\nasura creatina ; hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 454 ; [ nhm card ]\nnw . himalays , sikkim , assam , nilgiris , sumatra , java . see [ maps ]\nmiltochrista gilva daniel , 1951 ; bonn . zool . beitr . 2 ( 3 - 4 ) : 316 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : n . yunnan , li - kiang\nindia ( punjab , sikkim , nagas , nilgiris , moulmein ) , burma , java . see [ maps ]\nmiltochrista ila ; kaleka & rose , 2002 , zoos ' print j . 17 ( 8 ) : 855 ; singh , singh & joshi , 2014 , rec . zool . survey india . occ . pap 367 : 45\nlarva on solanum indicum hampson , 1900 , cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 431\nnudaria ? marginata walker , [ 1865 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 274 ; tl : s . india , coimbatore\nsetina nebulosa moore , 1878 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 : 35 ; tl : darjiling\nmiltochrista nubilalis hampson , 1894 ; fauna br . india ( moths ) 2 : 115 ; tl : ganjam\nasura sp . 3 ; holloway , 1976 , moths of borneo with special reference to mt . kinabalu : ( part ) 3 , f . 13 , pl . 1 , f . 13\nsikkim , assam , arunachal pradesh , himachal pradesh , calcutta . see [ maps ]\nceylon , burma , sikkim , assam , s . india . see [ maps ]\nsikkim , assam , china ( chekiang , yunnan ) . see [ maps ]\nchina ( shanghai , chekiang ) , formosa , sikkim , assam , sumatra ? , java . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; kaleka & rose , 2002 , zoos ' print j . 17 ( 8 ) : 855\nasura synestramena hampson , 1900 ; cat . lep . phalaenae br . mus . 2 : 429 , pl . 30 , f . 2 ; tl : borneo , sandakan\nmiltochrista tibeta daniel , 1951 ; bonn . zool . beitr . 2 ( 3 - 4 ) : 311 , pl . 1 , f . 17 ; tl : tibet , batang\nasura toxodes hampson , 1907 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 19 ( 111 ) : 233 ; tl : andamans\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; kaleka & rose , 2002 , zoos ' print j . 17 ( 8 ) : 856\nasura sp . 1 ; holloway , 1976 , moths of borneo with special reference to mt . kinabalu : 3\ntricholepis xanthopera hampson , 1907 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 19 ( 111 ) : 233 ; tl : singapore\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\non the lepidopterous fauna of andaman and nicobar group of islands ( india ) . family arctiidae\nbeitr\u00e4ge zur kenntnis der arctiidae ostasiens unter besonderer ber\u00fccksichtigung der ausbeuten von dr . h . c . h . h\u00f6ne aus diesem gebiet . iii . teil : lithosiinae\nbeitr\u00e4ge zur kenntnis der arctiidae ostasiens unter besonderer ber\u00fccksichtigung der ausbeuten von dr . h . c . h . h\u00f6ne aus diesem gebiet . iv . teil : nachtr\u00e4ge\nnew lithosiinae ( lepidoptera , arctiidae : lithosiinae ) species collected by a . schintlmeister in indonesia\nstudien over indo - australische lepidoptera . iv . bijdrage tot de kennis der heterocera - fauna der ost - indische kolonien\nreise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera\n- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .\nillustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . part 8 . the lepidoptera of heterocera of the nilgiri district\nillustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . part 9 . the macrolepidoptera heterocera of ceylon\non the lepidoptera of japan and corea , pt ii . heterocera , sect . i\nnew species of heterocerous lepidoptera of the tribe bombyces , collected by mr . w . b . pryer chiefly in the district of shanghai\ndescriptions of new genera and species of lepidoptera heterocera collected by rev . j . h . hocking , chiefly in the kangra district , n . w . himalaya\ndie gross - schmetterlinge des palaearktischen faunengebietes . 2 . die palaearktischen spinner & schw\u00e4rmer\nlepidoptera van celebes verzameld door mr . m . c . piepers , met aanteekeningen en beschrijving der nieuwe soorten\nnatuurlijke historie . achtse afdeeling . lepidoptera door p . c . t . snellen , met eene inleiding door joh . f . snelleman . midden - sumatra\nh . sauter ' s formosa - ausbeute : lithosiinae , nolinae , noctuidae ( p . p . ) , ratardidae , chalcosiidae , sowie nactr\u00e4ge zu den familien drepanidae , limacodidae , gelechiidae , oecophoriidae und heliodinidae\ncatalogue of the heterocerous lepidopterous insects collected at sarawak , in borneo , by mr . a . r . wallace , with descriptions of new species\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 778, "summary": [{"text": "megacraspedus argyroneurellus is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in russia ( lower volga , southern ural ) , ukraine ( the crimea ) , central asia , the northern caucasus and turkey . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "megacraspedus argyroneurellus", "paragraphs": ["megacraspedus argyroneurellus staudinger , 1871 ; berl . ent . z . 14 ( 3 / 4 ) : 316 ; tl : sarepta\nmegacraspedus monolorellus rebel , 1905 ; ann . nat . mus . wien 20 : 213\nmegacraspedus lativalvellus amsel , 1954 ; bull . soc . fouad i . ent . 38 : 54\nmegacraspedus lagopellus herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , 1860 ; neue schmett . ( 2 ) : 13 , f . 81\nmegacraspedus calamogonus meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 163 ; tl : chritschurch\nmegacraspedus escalerellus schmidt , 1941 ; bol . r . soc . esp . hist . nat . 38 : 38\nmegacraspedus sematacma meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 424 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nmegacraspedus alfacarellus wehrli , 1926 ; ent . z . frankfr . a . m . 39 ( 40 ) : 163\nmegacraspedus albovenata ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 166 ; [ fe ]\nmegacraspedus squalida meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 272 ; tl : spain , sierra nevada\nmegacraspedus subdolellus staudinger , 1859 ; stettin ent . ztg 20 ( 7 - 9 ) : 243 ; tl : sierra nevada\nmegacraspedus attritellus staudinger , 1871 ; berl . ent . z . 14 ( 3 / 4 ) : 316 ; tl : sarepta\nmegacraspedus pusillus walsingham , 1903 ; ent . mon . mag . 39 : 266 ; tl : spain , granada , sierra nevada\nmegacraspedus aenictodes turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 112 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nmegacraspedus consortiella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 117 ; tl : alai\nmegacraspedus cuencellus caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 117 ; tl : cuenca\nmegacraspedus majorella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 117 ; tl : alai\nmegacraspedus macrocanellus lucas , 1932 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 37 : 187 ; tl : anti - atlas , morocco\nmegacraspedus pentheres walsingham , 1920 ; ent . mon . mag . 56 : 10 ; tl : s . france , basses - alpes\nmegacraspedus cerussatellus rebel , 1930 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 80 ( s . b ) : 14 ; tl : alibotusch\nmegacraspedus culminicola le cerf , 1932 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 37 ( 11 ) : 165 ; tl : morocco , moyen atlas\nmegacraspedus homochroa le cerf , 1932 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 37 ( 11 ) : 165 ; tl : morocco , moeyen atlas\nmegacraspedus incertellus rebel , 1930 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 80 ( s . b ) : 14 ; tl : alitbotusch\nmegacraspedus serica meyrick , 1909 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 5 ( 7 ) : 369 ; tl : cape colony , kalk bay\nmegacraspedus tutti walsingham , 1887 ; ent . rec . j . var . 9 : 140 ; tl : france , dauphin\u00e9 , la grave , 5000ft\nmegacraspedus tristictus walsingham , 1910 ; ent . mon . mag . 46 : 231 ; tl : s . france , ( alp . mar . ) , cannes\nmegacraspedus euxena meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 277 ; tl : albany , west australia\nmegacraspedus hoplitis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 277 ; tl : perth , west australia\nmegacraspedus ischnota meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 282 ; tl : carnarvon , west australia\nmegacraspedus isotis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 280 ; tl : york , west australia\nmegacraspedus melitopis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 276 ; tl : york , west australia\nmegacraspedus oxyphanes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 278 ; tl : york , west australia\nmegacraspedus coniodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 281 ; tl : quorn and petersburg , south australia\nmegacraspedus niphodes ; meyrick , 1904 , proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 278 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nmegacraspedus sagittifera ; meyrick , 1904 , proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 281 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nmegacraspedus stratimera ; meyrick , 1904 , proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 278 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nmegacraspedus chalcoscia meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 276 ; tl : adelaide , south australia ; albany , west australia\nmegacraspedus astemphella meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 275 ; tl : port lincoln , south australia ; geraldton , west australia\nmegacraspedus centrosema meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 275 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; adelaide , south australia\nmegacraspedus exilis walsingham , 1909 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 21 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\nmegacraspedus popularis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 282 ; tl : sydney and bathurst , new south wales ; deloraine and hobart , tasmania\nmegacraspedus sclerotricha meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 279 ; tl : blackheath ( 3500ft ) and bathurst ( 2500ft ) , new south wales\nmegacraspedus aphileta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 280 ; tl : adelaide , wirrabara and port lincoln , south australia ; york , west australia\nmegacraspedus inficeta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 277 ; tl : blackheat ( 3500ft ) , new south wales ; george ' s bay , tasmania\nmegacraspedus platyleuca meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 274 ; tl : syndey , new south wales ; gisborne , victoria ; deloraine , tasmania ; perth , west australia\nmegacraspedus pityritis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 279 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; murrurundi , sydney and mittagon , new south wales ; mt macedon , victoria ; launceston and campbelltown , tasmania\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\na new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .\na new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa \u00fcnal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !\na new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog\u2014the famous fictional spider from \u201charry potter\u201d book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film \u201charry potter and the chamber of secrets\u201d , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .\nmariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel\nidentification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley\nalbella ( amsel , 1935 ) ( chilopselaphus ) ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 20 ( 2 ) : 302 , pl . 10 , f . 57\narnaldi ( turati & kr\u00fcger , 1936 ) ( mesophleps ) ; mem . soc . ent . ital . 15 : 76\nchilopselaphus podolicus toll , 1942 ; zs . wiener entver . 27 : 170 , pl . 13 , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : steilwand hlody , kreis borszczow , podolien\n? binotellus ( fischer von r\u00f6slerstamm , 1843 ) ( ypsolophus ) ; abbildungen schmettkde : 301 , pl . 99 , f . 2\nchilopselaphus ethicodes meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . l\u00e9p . 2 : 68\nchilopselaphus fallax mann , 1867 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 17 : 850\nypsolophus imparellus fischer von r\u00f6slerstamm , 1843 ; abbildungen schmettkde : 303 , pl . 100 , f . 2\nypsolophus lanceolellus zeller , 1850 ; stettin . ent . ztg . 11 ( 5 ) : 143\nmareotidellus turati , 1924 ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 63 : 169\ntrichembola neurophanes meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 271 ; tl : uralsk\neutorna niphodes lower , 1897 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 21 : 58\ntrichembola niphorrhoa meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 272 ; tl : uralsk , indersky\nchilopselaphus numidellus chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 333 ; tl : gafsa\npeyerimhoffi le cerf , 1925 ; encycl . ent . ( b . 3 lep . ) 1 : 11\ns . queendland , new south wales , victoria , tasmania . see [ maps ]\nneda plutella chambers , 1874 ; can . ent . 6 ( 12 ) : 244 ; tl : texas\npaltodora sagittifera lower , 1900 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 25 ( 3 ) : 416 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales\nypsolophus separatellus fischer von r\u00f6slerstamm , 1843 ; abbildungen schmettkde : 302 , pl . 100 , f . 1\neutorna stratimera lower , 1897 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 21 : 58 ; tl : belair , s . australia\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nvoyage de ch . alluaud et r . jeannel en afrique orientale ( 1911 - 1812 ) . r\u00e9sultats scientifique . insectes l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res . 2 . microlepidoptera in alluaud & jeannel ,\nzeller , 1850 verzeichniss der von herrn jos . mann beobachteten toscanischen microlepidoptera stettin . ent . ztg . 11 ( 2 ) : 59 - 64 , ( 4 ) : 134 - 136 , ( 5 ) : 139 - 162 , ( 6 ) : 195 - 212\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nif you know the species , please , click on the picture and write the species name in comments section . also , you can go to the gallery page with all photos of anomologini sp . ( large size ) .\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 786, "summary": [{"text": "chamaesphecia proximata is a moth of the sesiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in serbia and montenegro , bulgaria , the republic of macedonia , albania , greece , cyprus , asia minor , armenia , lebanon and iraq .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae feed on salvia sclarea . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "chamaesphecia proximata", "paragraphs": ["sesia proximata var . fallax staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 244 ; tl : beirut\nchamaesphecia spuler , 1910 ; schmett . eur . 2 : 311 ; ts : sphinx empiformis esper\nchamaesphecia anthrax le cerf , 1920 ; in oberth\u00fcr , etud . l\u00e9pid . comp . 17 : 528\nchamaesphecia festai turati , 1925 ; boll . mus . zool . torino 39 ( 7 ) : 5\nchamaesphecia crassicornis bartel , 1912 ; gross - schmett . erde 2 : 409 ; tl : kazakhstan , uralsk\nchamaesphecia anatolica schwingenschuss , 1938 ; ent . rdsch . 55 : 175 ; tl : turkey , konya , aksehir\nchamaesphecia micra le cerf , 1916 ; \u00e9tud . l\u00e9pid . comp . 11 : 15 ; tl : algeria , lamb\u00e8se\nchamaesphecia doryliformis [ lep . : sesiidae ] , a second root borer for the control of rumex spp . [ polygonaceae ] in australia\nchamaesphecia stelidiformis f . amygdaloidis schleppnik , 1933 ; zs . \u00f6st . entver . 18 : 24 ; tl : austria , hochkar mts .\nchamaesphecia maurusia p\u00fcngeler , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 2 : 412 ; tl : algeria , teniet - el - had\nchamaesphecia doryliformis [ lep . : sesiidae ] , a second root borer for the control of rumex spp . [ polygonaceae ] in australia | springerlink\nchamaesphecia thracica lastuvka , 1983 ; acta univ . agric . ( brno ) 31 ( 1 / 2 ) : 207 ; tl : bulgaria , micurin\nchamaesphecia guenter herrmann & hofmann , 1997 ; [ bsw4 ] , 267 ; tl : morocco , middle atlas , tizi - n - iar , ca . 1600m\nchamaesphecia palustris kautz , 1927 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 77 : 2 ; tl : austria , bruck a . d . leitha , wilfleinsdorf\nchamaesphecia hungarica ; gorbunov , 1991 , atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 141 ( note ) , pl . xxii , f . 15 ; de freina , 1997 , [ bsw4 ] , 218\nbartsch , d . & kallies , a . ( 2008 ) : zur kenntnis einiger arten von chamaesphecia spuler , 1910 in marokko ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 118 ( 2 ) , 85 - 93 .\nchamaesphecia rondouana le cerf , 1922 ; in oberth\u00fcr , \u00e9tud . l\u00e9pid . comp . 19 ( 2 ) : 32 , pl . 540 , f . 4535 - 4536 ; tl : g\u00e8dre ; gavarnie , hautes - pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es\nchamaesphecia anthrax ; le cerf , 1922 , \u00e9tud . l\u00e9pid . comp . 19 ( 1 ) : 131 , ( 2 ) pl . 540 , f . 4541 ; de freina , 1997 , [ bsw4 ] , 234\nbartsch , d . & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2011 ) : chamaesphecia cilicia sp . nov . aus dem taurus gebirge , t\u00fcrkei ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 2 ) , 89 - 91 .\nniculescu , e . v . ( 1960 ) : contributions morphologiques \u00e0 l ' \u00e9tude des aegeriidae ( lepidoptera ) pal\u00e9arctiques . i ) chamaesphecia minianiformis frr . \u2013 bulletin de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de mulhouse 1 , 1 - 5 .\nchamaesphecia kistenjovi gorbunov , 1991 ; atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 137 , f . 23 - 27 , pl . xxii , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : georgia , borzhomi , 41\u00b055 ' n , 43\u00b018 ' n\nchamaesphecia ophimontana gorbunov , 1991 ; atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 140 , pl . xxii , f . 16 ; tl : transcaucasus , nakhichevan , daralagez mt . range , ~ 3km n buzgov , 39\u00b032 ' n , 45\u00b024 ' e\nchamaesphecia - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .\nchamaesphecia guriensis ; bartel , 1912 , gross - schmett . erde 2 : 407 , pl . 52 c ; dalla torre & strand , 1925 , lepidopterorum catalogus 31 : 94 ; heppner & duckworth , 1981 , smiths . contr . zool . 314 : 36 ; gorbunov , 1986 , trudy vsesojuznogo entomologiceskogo obscestva 67 : 8 ; lastuvka , 1989 , acta univ . agric . ( brno ) 37 : f . 27 ; gorbunov , 1991 , atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 135 , f . 19 - 22 , pl . xxii , f . 9 - 12\nla biologie et la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de chamaesphecia doryliformis ( ochsenheimer ) [ lep . : sesiidae ] sont d\u00e9crites , et l ' efficacit\u00e9 potentielle de cet insecte en tant qu ' agent de lutte biologique contre les mauvaises herbes du genre rumex ( polygonaceae ) en australie est discut\u00e9e . l ' insecte est localis\u00e9 dans la partie occidentale du bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en , principalement en afrique dunord . les adultes apparaissent et pondent au printemps . les larves se d\u00e9veloppent \u00e0 l ' int\u00e9rieur des racines des plantes ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 fleuri . les plantes attaqu\u00e9es appartiennent aux sous - genres rumex et acetosa . au cours de tests de sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 avec des larves du 1 er stade , seules des plantes de la famille des polygonaceae furent l ' objet de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts . l ' insecte fut jug\u00e9 apte \u00e0 \u00eatre introduit en australie apr\u00e8s que l ' \u00e9tude de sa biologie et de sa sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 eut d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les polygonaceae end\u00e9miques ne seraient pas menac\u00e9es .\np\u00fchringer , f . & kallies , a . ( 2004 ) : provisional checklist of the sesiidae of the world ( lepidoptera : ditrysia ) . \u2013 mitteilungen der entomologischen arbeitsgemeinschaft salzkammergut 4 , 1 - 85 ; updated by f . p\u00fchringer .\n, a - 4817 st . konrad , austria ; \u00a9 dr . axel kallies , the walter and eliza hall institute , 1g royal parade , parkville , victoria 3050 , australia )\neuthrenini fischer 2006b : 219 [ afrokona fischer 2006 ] ; unavailable ( art . 29 . 1 iczn )\n( felder & felder 1874 : 9 , pl . 82 ) , trochilina 14\n( boisduval in guerin - meneville [ 1832 ] : pl . 84 : fig . 3 ) ,\n( esper 1800 : 29 ) , sphinx ; rejected name ( opinion nr . 1287 iczn )\n( linnaeus 1758 : 493 ) , sphinx ; rejected name ( opinion nr . 1288 iczn )\n( snellen 1900 : 34 ) , sesia ; junior primary homonym of sesia thysbe f . uniformis grote & robinson 1868\n[ as trichocerata myrmosaeformis var . lucida ( lederer 1853 ) , nomen nudum ]\ntaxa originally described as sesia spp . ( never assigned to sesiidae , but available for homonymy )\n( cramer [ 1776 ] : 95 , 152 ( index ) , pl . 61 , fig . c ) ,\nagassiz , j . l . r . ( [ 1847 ] ) : nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis . \u2013 nomenclator zoologicus 2 ( 12 ) ( 1846 ) , 393 pp . ( 319 )\nalpheraky , s . n . ( 1882 ) : l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res du district de kouldj\u00e0 et des montagnes environnantes . ii\u00e8me partie . heterocera . \u2013 horae societatis entomologicae rossicae 17 , 15 - 103 , pls 1 - 3 . ( 18 - 22 , pl . 1 )\namsel , h . - g . ( 1933 ) : die lepidopteren pal\u00e4stinas . eine zoogeographisch - \u00f6kologisch - faunistische studie . \u2013 zoogeographica 2 , 1 - 146 . ( 25 )\namsel , h . - g . ( 1935 ) : neue pal\u00e4stinensische lepidopteren . \u2013 mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen museum in berlin 20 , 271 - 319 . ( 277 - 278 )\narita , y . ( 1989 ) : two new and an unrecorded clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from thailand . \u2013 microlepidoptera of thailand 2 , 9 - 14 .\n( moore ) ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from japan . \u2013 tyo to ga 43 ( 3 ) , 221 - 224 .\ndehne ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of japan . \u2013 japanese journal of entomology 60 ( 2 ) , 449 - 462 .\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from yakushima island , japan . \u2013 tyo to ga 44 ( 2 ) , 77 - 80 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1995a ) : sesiidae of nepal . in haruta , t . ( ed . ) : moths of nepal . \u2013 tinea 14 ( suppl . 2 ) , 194 - 206 , pls 108 + 128 .\nhampson , [ 1893 ] ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of the oriental region . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 46 ( 2 ) , 103 - 111 .\ntypes ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) kept in the hope entomological collections , oxford university , uk . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 46 ( 4 ) , 185 - 205 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1995d ) : a revision of the genus heterosphecia le cerf , 1916 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , osminiini ) . \u2013 tinea 14 ( 2 ) , 131 - 141 .\nh\u00fcbner , [ 1819 ] ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from thailand . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 47 ( 3 ) , 157 - 173 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . , ( 1996b ) : a revision of ferdinand le cerf ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , kept at the paris museum . i . the genus\nh\u00fcbner , [ 1819 ] in the oriental and australian regions . \u2013 japanese journal of systematic entomology 2 ( 2 ) , 137 - 187 .\nclearwing moth ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from kyushu , japan . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 48 ( 1 ) , 33 - 38 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1998a ) : a revision of ferdinand le cerf ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , kept at the paris museum . iii . the genus\nle cerf , 1916 in the oriental region . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 49 ( 1 ) , 19 - 29 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1998b ) : a revision of embrik strand ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from taiwan . \u2013 chinese journal of entomology 18 ( 3 ) , 141 - 165 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2000a ) : on the tribe melittiini ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of vietnam . \u2013 tinea 16 ( 4 ) , 252 - 291 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2000b ) : notes on the tribe osminiini ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from vietnam , with descriptions of new taxa . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 51 ( 1 ) , 49 - 74 .\nle cerf , 1916 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , osminiini ) of vietnam and adjacent countries . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 51 ( 3 ) , 205 - 214 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2001 ) : sesiidae of taiwan . i . the tribes tinthiini , similipepsini , paraglosseciini , pennisetiini , paranthrenini and cissuvorini . \u2013 japanese journal of systematic entomology 7 ( 2 ) , 131 - 188 .\nhampson ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from taiwan . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 53 ( 4 ) , 241 - 244 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2002b ) : sesiidae of taiwan . ii . the tribes osminiini , melittiini and sesiini . \u2013 japanese journal of systematic entomology 8 ( 2 ) , 199 - 241 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2003a ) : new taxa of wasp - waisted clearwing moths ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , similipepsini ) from vietnam . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 1 ) , 11 - 19 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2003b ) : in arita , y . , gorbunov , o . g . & mohamed , m . : on the knowledge of the clearwing moth ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of the maliau basin , sabah , borneo . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 2 ) , 131 - 142 .\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from north vietnam . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 52 ( 1 ) , 51 - 57 .\narita , y . & kallies , a . ( 2003 ) : a new species of the genus trilochana moore , 1879 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from sulawesi . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 4 ) , 229 - 232 . arita , y . & kallies , a . ( 2005 ) : see kallies , a . & arita , y . ( 2005 ) .\narita , y . & kimura , m . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .\narita , y . , kallies , a . , hsu , y . - f . , liang , j . - y . , lai , b . - c . , yang , m . - m . & yata , n . ( 2016 ) : polymorphism of nokona pilamicola ( strand , [ 1916 ] ) ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) in taiwan .\narita , y . , kimura , m . & owada , m . ( 2009 ) : two new species of the clearwing moth ( sesiidae ) from okinawa - jima , the ryukyus . \u2013\ntransactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 60 ( 3 ) , 189 - 192 .\narita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) : vicariance in the macroscelesia japona species - group ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) in the ryukyus , japan . \u2013 tinea 23 ( 4 ) , 184 - 198 . arita , y . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .\nkallies & arita , 1998 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , paranthrenini ) from south - east asia , with list of literature on oriental sesiidae published since 1988 . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 114 ( 3 ) , 116 - 120 .\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from japan . \u2013 japanese journal of entomology 57 ( 1 ) , 61 - 66 .\narita , y . & tosevski , i . ( 1992 ) : in tosevski , i . & arita , y . : a new species of the clearwing moth genus\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from the ryukyus . \u2013 japanese journal of entomology 60 ( 3 ) , 619 - 623 .\n( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) of japan . \u2013 tinea 12 ( suppl . ) , 158 - 167 .\narita , y . & yata , n . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .\narita , y . & xu , z . ( 1994a ) : in arita , y . , xu , z . & liu , x . : a new\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , clearwing borer on pecan from nanjing , china . \u2013 tinea 14 ( 1 ) , 61 - 64 .\narita , y . & xu , z . ( 1994b ) : in arita , y . , xu , z . & liu , x . : description of a new\nclearwing moth injuring poplar street trees in lhasa , tibet ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 tyo to ga 45 ( 3 ) , 193 - 199 .\nassmann , a . ( 1845 ) : schw\u00e4rmer oder d\u00e4mmerungsschmetterlinge ( sphinges ) . \u2013 abbildung und beschreibung der schmetterlinge schlesiens 2 , 48 pp , 26 pls . ( 17 - 26 , 45 - 47 , pls 5 - 7 , 24 )\naurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1879 ) : lepidoptera damarensia . f\u00f6rteckning pa fj\u00e4rilar insamlade i damaralandet af g . de vylder aren 1873 och 1874 jemte beskrifning \u00f6fver f\u00f6rut ok\u00e4nda arter . \u2013 \u00f6fversigt af kongliga vetenskaps - akademiens f\u00f6rhandlingar 36 ( 7 ) , 39 - 69 . ( 47 - 48 )\naurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1905 ) : lieutnant a . schultzes sammlung von lepidopteren aus west - afrika . \u2013 arkiv f\u00f6r zoologi 2 ( 12 ) , 1 - 47 , 5 pls . ( 43 - 46 )\naurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1909 ) : lepidoptera , rhopalocera und heterocera ( pars i ) von madagaskar , den comoren und den inseln ostafrikas . in voeltzkow , a . : reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903 - 1905 , wissenschaftliche ergebnisse 2 , [ 309 ] - 348 , 19 pls . ( 342 , pl . 19 )\nbakowski , m . , bartsch , d . & kallies , a . ( 2008 ) : a review of the similipepsini of the afrotropical region ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : tinthiini ) . \u2013 annales zoologici 58 ( 4 ) , 785 - 797 .\nbarnes , w . & benjamin , f . h . ( 1925 ) : change of a preoccupied name ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 27 ( 1 ) , 14 .\nbarnes , w . & lindsey , a . w . ( 1922 ) : descriptions of two new species of aegeriidae ( lep . ) . \u2013 bulletin of the brooklyn entomological society ( n . s . ) 18 ( 4 ) , 122 - 123 .\nbarnes , w . & mcdunnough , j . h . ( 1918 ) : notes and new species . \u2013 contributions to the natural history of the lepidoptera of north america 4 ( 2 ) , 61 - 208 . ( 178 )\nbartel , m . ( 1902 ) : die palaearktischen grossschmetterlinge und ihre naturgeschichte . zweiter band : nachtfalter . i . abteilung , 239 - 384 . \u2013 leipzig .\n- art aus der schweiz . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift ( guben ) 19 , 190 - 191 .\nbartel , m . ( 1912 ) : 24 . familie : aegeriidae ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 in seitz , a . ( ed . ) : die gro\u00dfschmetterlinge der erde 2 , 375 - 416 , pls 51 - 52 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2003 ) : beitrag zur glasfl\u00fcglerfauna von nepal ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 113 ( 5 ) , 145 , 149 - 151 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2004 ) : die sesienfauna zyperns - eine kommentierte \u00fcbersicht ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 114 ( 2 ) , 80 - 86 .\nbettag , 1997 aus marokko ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 116 ( 5 ) , 211 - 215 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2008 ) : redescription and systematic position of the afrotropical clearwing moth genus grypopalpia hampson , 1919 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 118 ( 5 ) , 221 - 224 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2008 ) : a review of the paranthrenini of the afrotropical region ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 118 ( 6 ) , 265 - 280 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2009 ) : melittosesia , a new genus of clearwing moths with a review of the sesiini boisduval , 1828 in madagascar ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 119 ( 1 ) , 9 - 16 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2010 ) : taxonomic revision of the clearwing moth genus crinipus hampson , 1896 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 zootaxa 2618 , 36 - 46 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2012 ) : revision of types of several species of bembecia h\u00fcbner , 1819 from northern africa and southwestern europe ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 nota lepidopterologica 35 ( 2 ) , 125 - 133 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2013 ) : revisionary checklist of the southern african sesiini ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) with description of new species .\nbartsch , d . ( 2015 ) : new taxa of southern african sesiini ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .\nbartsch , d . ( 2016a ) : revisionary checklist of the southern african osminiini ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .\nbartsch , d . ( 2016b ) : melittia fiebigi spec . nov . and afromelittia caerulea spec . nov . , two new melittiini from southern africa ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .\nannals of the ditsong national museum of natural history 6 , 109 - 115 .\nbartsch , d . & berg , j . ( 2012 ) : new species and review of the afrotropical clearwing moth genus camaegeria strand , 1914 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : synanthedonini ) . \u2013 zootaxa 3181 , 28 - 46 .\nspec . nov . ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 18 ( 1 ) , 29 - 40 .\nbartsch , d . , bettag , e . , bl\u00e4sius , r . & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2006 ) : zur kenntnis von pyropteron doryliforme ( ochsenheimer , 1808 ) , pyropteron biedermanni le cerf , 1925 und pyropteron ceriaeforme ( lucas , 1849 ) stat . rev . ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 116 ( 1 ) , 3 - 10 .\nbartsch , d . & p\u00fchringer , f . ( 2005 ) : die glasfl\u00fcgler kretas ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 115 ( 3 ) , 131 - 139 .\nsp . nov . aus der s\u00fcdt\u00fcrkei ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 112 ( 3 ) , 78 - 80 .\n, zwei neue glasfl\u00fcgler arten aus afghanistan ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 120 ( 6 ) , 243 - 248 .\nbecker , v . o . ( 1984 ) : 29 . gelechiidae . \u2013 in heppner , j . ( ed . ) : atlas of neotropical lepidoptera . checklist : part 1 . micropterigoidea - immoidea 1 , 1 - 112 . ( 44 - 53 )\nbehrens , j . ( 1889 ) : in french , g . h . : some texas , arizona and california moths . \u2013 the canadian entomologist 21 ( 9 ) , 161 - 163 . ( 163 )\nbellier de la chavignerie , j . b . e . ( 1860 ) : observations sur la faune entomologique de la sicile . \u2013 annales de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de france ( troisi\u00e8me s\u00e9rie ) 8 ( 3 ) , 667 - 713 , pl . 12 . ( 681 - 684 )\nbertaccini , e . & fiumi , g . ( 2002 ) : bombici e sfingi d ' italia ( lepidoptera sesioidea ) 4 , 181 pp , 8 pls . ( 32 - 181 , pls 1 - 8 )\nsp . n . , ein neuer glasfl\u00fcgler aus marokko ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 18 ( 1 ) , 23 - 27 .\nbettag , e & bl\u00e4sius , r . ( 1998 ) : eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus marokko ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 phegea 26 ( 2 ) , 71 - 75 .\nbettag , e . & bl\u00e4sius , r . ( 1999 ) : \u00fcber den status von dipsosphecia megillaeformis var . tunetana ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 phegea 27 ( 3 ) , 93 - 101 .\n- art aus s\u00fcdspanien . une nouvelle esp\u00e8ce de synanthedon du sud de l ' espagne ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 revue de l ' association roussillonnaise d ' entomologie 11 ( 1 ) , 4 - 16 .\nbeutelspacher , b . c . r . ( 1983 ) : redefinicion taxonomica de montezumia cardinalis dampf ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 ciencia forestal 8 ( 43 ) , 24 - 32 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1893 ) : notes on some north american moths , with descriptions of new species . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 5 , 19 - 26 . ( 22 - 26 )\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1894a ) : studies of some species of north american aegeriidae . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 6 , 87 - 98 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1894b ) : on north american moths , with the description of a new species of triprocris . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 6 , 365 - 368 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1896 ) : critical review of the sesiidae found in america , north of mexico . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 8 , 111 - 148 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1897 ) : notes on north american sesiidae , with descriptions of new species . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 9 , 213 - 216 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1898 ) : three new species of sesiidae . \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 6 ( 4 ) , 240 - 241 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1899a ) : new african sesiidae . \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 7 , 170 - 172 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1899b ) : descriptions of and notes on some north american lepidoptera . \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 7 ( 4 ) , 254 - 256 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1900a ) : synopsis of the species of melittia of america , north of mexico , with description of a new species . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 12 ( 1899 ) , 149 - 151 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1900b ) : on some species of north american lepidoptera . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 12 ( 1899 ) , 157 - 160 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1900d ) : two new sesiidae . \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 8 , 254 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1901 ) : monograph of the sesiidae of america , north of mexico . \u2013 memoirs of the american museum of natural history 1 ( 6 ) , 217 - 352 , pl . 29 - 36 .\n. \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 10 ( 2 ) , 126 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1909 ) : descriptions of three new sesiidae . \u2013 entomological news 20 , 82 - 84 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1916 ) : description of a new sesiid . \u2013 the canadian entomologist 48 ( 11 ) , 372 .\nboisduval , j . a . ( 1828 ) : europaeorum lepidopterorum index methodicus 1 , 103 pp . \u2013 paris . ( 29 - 31 )\nboisduval , j . a . ( 1829 - 1844 ) : dixi\u00e8me ordre : l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res . in gu\u00e9rin - m\u00e9n\u00e9ville , f . e . : iconographie du r\u00e8gne animal de g . cuvier , ou repr\u00e9sentation d ' apres nature de l ' une des esp\u00e8ces les plus remarquables , et souvent non encore figur\u00e9es , de chaque genre d ' animaux , vol . 2 and 3 , 576 pp , 104 pls . \u2013 paris . ( pl . 84 , [ 1832 ] ;\n( 1870 [ 1867 ] ) : lepidoptera eversmanniana . \u2013 horae societatis entomologicae rossicae 4 , 6 .\nbrethes , j . ( 1920 ) : insectos \u00fatiles y daninos de rio grande do sul y de la plata . \u2013 anales de la sociedad rural argentina 54 , 281 - 290 , 307 - 308 . ( 284 )\n( sesiidae ) , from florida . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 39 ( 4 ) , 262 - 265 .\nedwards ( lepidoptera aegeriidae ) . \u2013 notas del museo de la plata 6 ( 48 ) , 157 - 163 , pls i - ii .\nbryk , f . ( 1947 ) : neue ostasiatische aegeriiden ( lep . ) . \u2013 opuscula entomologica 12 , 96 - 109 .\nbryk , f . ( 1953 ) : lepidoptera aus dem amazonasgebiete und aus peru gesammelt von dr . douglas melin und dr . abraham roman . \u2013 arkiv f\u00f6r zoologi 5 ( 1 - 3 ) , 1 - 268 . ( 262 - 266 )\nburmeister , h . ( 1878 ) : l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res . \u2013 description physique de la r\u00e9publique argentine , d ' apres des observations personelles et \u00e9trang\u00e8res 5 ( 1 ) , vi + 526 pp , 24 pls . ( 359 - 362 )\nbusck , a . ( 1909 ) : notes on the family aegeriidae ( sesiidae ) , with a synoptic table of the north american genera . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 11 ( 3 ) , 115 - 118 .\nbusck , a . ( 1910 ) : list of trinidad microlepidoptera , with descriptions of new forms . \u2013 bulletin of the department of agriculture 9 , 241 - 245 . ( 242 - 243 )\nbusck , a . ( 1913a ) : new microlepidoptera from british guiana . \u2013 insecutor inscitiae menstruus 1 , 88 - 92 .\nbusck , a . ( 1913b ) : two microlepidoptera injurious to chestnut . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 15 ( 3 ) , 102 - 104 .\nbusck , a . ( 1914 ) : descriptions of new microlepidoptera of forest trees . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 16 ( 4 ) , 143 - 150 , pls vii - viii . ( 143 - 144 )\nbusck , a . ( 1915a ) : descriptions of new north american microlepidoptera . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 17 ( 2 ) , 79 - 94 . ( 80 - 81 )\nbusck , a . ( 1915b ) : new genera and species of microlepidoptera from panama . \u2013 proceedings of the united states national museum 47 ( 2043 ) ( 1914 ) , 1 - 67 . ( 61 )\nbusck , a . ( 1920 ) : descriptions of new central american microlepidoptera . \u2013 insecutor inscitiae menstruus 8 ( 4 - 6 ) , 83 - 95 . ( 83 )\nbusck , a . ( 1929 ) : a new aegeriid on cowpea from brazil ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 31 ( 7 ) , 134 - 137 .\nbutler , a . g . ( 1874 ) : notes on the aegeriidae , with descriptions of new genera and species . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( fourth series ) 14 , 407 - 411 .\nbutler , a . g . ( 1876 ) : descriptions of lepidoptera from the collection of lieut . howland roberts . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london , 308 - 310 . ( 309 , pl . xxii )\nbutler , a . g . ( 1878 ) : illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum 2 , 62 pp , pls 21 - 40 - london . ( 59 - 61 , pl . 40 )\nbutler , a . g . ( 1881 ) : descriptions of new genera and species of heterocerous lepidoptera from japan . \u2013 the transactions of the entomological society of london ( 4\nbutler , a . g . ( 1882 ) : descriptions of new species of lepidoptera , chiefly from duke - of - york island and new britain . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( fifth series ) 10 , 36 - 43 , 149 - 160 , 226 - 238 . ( 237 - 238 )\nbutler , a . g . ( 1883 ) : heterocerous lepidoptera collected in chili by thomas edmonds , esq . part iv . \u2013 pyrales and micros . \u2013 the transactions of the entomological society of london ( 4\n, n . g . in pryer , h . j . s . : on two remarkable cases of mimicry from elopura , british north borneo . \u2013 the transactions of the entomological society of london ( 4\nbutler , a . g . ( 1896 ) : on a collection of butterflies obtained by mr . richard crawshay in nyasa - land , between the months of january and april 1895 . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london , 108 - 136 . ( 134 , pl . vi )\nbutler , a . g . ( 1902 ) : on two collections of lepidoptera made by sir harry johnston , k . c . b . , in the uganda protectorate during the year 1900 . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london ( 1 ) , 44 - 51 . ( 50 , pl . 1 )\nbytinski - salz , h . ( [ 1937 ] ) : secondo contributo alla conoscenza della lepidotterofauna della sardegna . \u2013 memorie della societa entomologica italiana 15 ( 2 ) ( 1936 ) , 194 - 212 . ( 198 )\ncl . \u2013 deutsche entomologische zeitschrift iris 2 ( 1889 ) , 268 - 269 .\ncapuse , i . ( 1973a ) : 236 . aegeriidae . ergebnisse der zoologischen forschungen von dr . z . kaszab in der mongolei ( lepidoptera ) . \u2013 reichenbachia ( zeitschrift f\u00fcr entomologische taxonomie ) 14 ( 15 ) , 109 - 124 .\ncapuse , i . ( 1973b ) : zur systematik und morphologie der typen der sesiidae ( lepidoptera ) in der r . p\u00fcngeler - sammlung des zoologischen museums zu berlin . \u2013 mitteilungen der m\u00fcnchner entomologischen gesellschaft 63 , 134 - 171 .\nclarke , j . f . g . ( 1962 ) : neotropical microlepidoptera . ii . a new genus and species of clear - wing moth injurious to fig in colombia ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . \u2013 proceedings of the united states national museum 113 , 383 - 388 .\nclemens , b . ( 1860 ) : contributions to american lepidopterology . \u2013 no . 3 . \u2013 proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 12 , 4 - 15 . ( 14 - 15 )\nclerck , c . a . ( 1759 - [ 1764 ] ) : icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . syst . nat . allegatis 1 , 21 pp , 55 pls . \u2013 stockholm . { 1759 : pls 1 - 16 ; 1764 : pls 17 - 55 } ( pl . 9 , 1759 )\ncloss , a . ( 1916 ) : einige neue sphingidenformen ( lep . ) . \u2013 entomologische mitteilungen 5 ( 5 / 8 ) , 199 - 200 . ( 200 )\ncloss , a . g . ( 1920 ) : [ contribution ] . in : berliner entomologen - bund : sitzung am 20 . m\u00e4rz 1919 . \u2013 internationale entomologische zeitschrift 14 , 13 .\n, spec . nov . ( lep . het . , sphingidae ) . \u2013 internationale entomologische zeitschrift 16 ( 14 ) , 118 .\ncockayne , e . a . ( 1955 ) : aberrations of british lepidoptera . \u2013 entomologist ' s gazette 6 , 3 - 6 , pl . 1 . ( 3 )\ncockerell , t . d . a . ( 1908 ) : new sesiid moths . \u2013 the canadian entomologist 40 ( 9 ) , 329 - 331 .\ncosta , o . g . ( 1832 - 1836 ) : fauna del regno di napoli . . . a . lepidotteri 1 , 20 - 21 .\ncramer , p . ( 1775 - 1779 ) : de uitlandsche kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld - deelen asia , africa en america ( papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde , l ' asie , l ' afrique et l ' amerique ) 1 , 155 pp , 96 pls . \u2013 amsterdam . { 1775 : issues 1 - 7 , 1776 : issue 8 } ( 83 , pl . 52 , 1775 )\ncramer , p . ( 1775 - 1779 ) : de uitlandsche kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld - deelen asia , africa en america ( papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde , l ' asie , l ' afrique et l ' amerique ) 2 , 151 pp , pls 97 - 192 . \u2013 amsterdam . ( 73 , 80 , 151 ( index ) , pls 142 , 146 , 1777 )\ncyrillus , d . ( 1787 ) : entomologiae neapolitanae specimen primum , 8 p . , 12 pls . \u2013 neapoli . ( pl . 4 )\ndalla torre , k . w . & strand , e . ( 1925 ) : aegeriidae . \u2013 lepidopterorum catalogus 31 , 202 pp .\ndalman , j . w . ( 1816 ) : f\u00f6rs\u00f6k till systematisk uppst\u00e4llning af sveriges fj\u00e4rilar . \u2013 kongliga svenska vetenskaps - akademiens handlingar 37 , 48 - 101 , 129 , 199 - 225 .\ndampf , a . ( 1930 ) : dos plagas de los bosques de mexico nuevas para la ciencia . \u2013 mexico forestal 8 ( 8 ) , 179 - 181 .\nde freina , j . j . : see freina , j . j . de\n[ denis , m . & schifferm\u00fcller , i . ] ( 1775 ) : ank\u00fcndung eines systematischen werkes von den schmetterlingen der wienergegend [ sic ] , 323 pp . \u2013 wien . ( 30 , 44 , 305 - 306 )\ndiakonoff , a . n . ( 1954 ) : microlepidoptera of new guinea . results of the third archibold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv . \u2013 verhandelingen / koninklijke nederlandse akademie van wetenschappen , afdeeling natuurkunde . reeks 2 50 ( 1 ) ( 1952 - 1955 ) , 1 - 191 . ( 180 - 190 )\ndiakonoff , a . n . ( [ 1968 ] ) : microlepidoptera of the philippine islands . \u2013 united states national museum bulletin 257 ( 1967 ) , 1 - 484 . ( 218 - 235 )\ndonovan , e . ( 1795 ) : the natural history of british insects : explainig them in their several states , the periods of their transformations , their food , oeconomy & c . , together with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope 4 , 96 + 6 pp , pls 109 - 144 . ( 21 )\ndonovan , e . ( 1797 ) : the natural history of british insects : explainig them in their several states . . . 6 , 86 + 6 pp , pls 181 - 216 . ( 35 , pl . 195 )\ndruce , h . ( 1881 - 1900 ) : lepidoptera - heterocera . \u2013 in godman , f . d . & salvin , o . ( eds . ) : biologia 39 / 1 , 490 pp ; 40 / 2 , 622 pp ; 41 / 3 , pls 1 - 101 . \u2013 london . { vol . 39 / 1 : 1 - 24 ( 1881 ) , 25 - 32 ( 1883 ) , 33 - 112 ( 1884 ) ; vol . 2 : 273 - 336 ( 1896 ) , 337 - 440 ( 1897 ) , 441 - 536 ( 1898 ) , 537 - 592 ( 1899 ) , 593 - 622 ( 1900 ) } ( 39 / 1 : 28 - 34 , 1883 - 1884 ; 40 / 2 : 321 - 326 , 1896 ; 41 / 3 : pls 5 , 68 - 69 )\ndruce , h . ( 1882 ) : descriptions of new species of aegeriidae and sphingidae . \u2013 the entomologist ' s monthly magazine 19 , 15 - 18 . ( 15 )\ndruce , h . ( 1889 ) : descriptions of new species of lepidoptera , chiefly from central america . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( sixth series ) 4 , 77 - 94 . ( 78 - 82 )\ndruce , h . ( 1892 ) : description of a new genus and some new species of heterocera from central america . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( sixth series ) 9 , 275 - 279 . ( 275 - 276 )\ndruce , h . ( 1893 ) : descriptions of new species of lepidoptera heterocera from central and south america . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london , 280 - 311 , [ pls xix - xxi ] . ( 280 )\ndruce , h . ( 1898 ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( seventh series ) 1 , 207 - 215 . ( 207 )\ndruce , h . ( 1899 ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( seventh series ) 4 , 200 - 205 . ( 201 - 205 )\ndruce , h . ( 1910a ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera from tropical africa . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( eighth series ) 5 , 393 - 402 . ( 401 )\ndruce , h . ( 1910b ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera from east and west africa and tropical south america . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( eighth series ) 6 , 168 - 183 ( 180 - 181 ) .\ndruce , h . ( 1911 ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera from tropical south america , and two new species of geometridae from west africa . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( eighth series ) 7 , 287 - 294 . ( 292 )\ndrury , d . ( 1773 ) : illustrations of natural history , wherein are exhibited upwards of two hundred and forty figures of exotic insects , according to their different genera . . . 2 , 9 + 90 pp , 50 pls . \u2013 london . ( 49 )\ndrury , d . ( 1782 ) : illustrations of natural history . . . exotic insects . . . 3 , 15 + 76 pp , 50 pls . \u2013 london . ( 3 , pl . 2 ) .\nduckworth , w . d . ( 1969 ) : a new species of aegeriidae from venezuela predaceous on scale insects ( lepidoptera : yponomeutoidea ) . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 71 ( 4 ) , 487 - 490 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1973a ) : the type - material of north american clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 smithsonian contributions to zoology 148 , 1 - 34 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1973b ) : new species of clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from north america . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 75 ( 2 ) , 150 - 159 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1974 ) : clearwing moths of australia and new zealand ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 smithsonian contributions to zoology 180 , 1 - 45 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1976 ) : a new species of clearwing moth ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from northern mexico and southeastern arizona . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 78 ( 3 ) , 304 - 308 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1977a ) : two new species of clearwing moths ( sesiidae ) from eastern north america clarified by sex pheromones . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 31 ( 3 ) , 191 - 196 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1977b ) : a new species of clearwing moth from southcentral texas ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 the pan - pacific entomologist 53 ( 3 ) , 175 - 178 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1977c ) : a classification of the sesiidae of america north of mexico ( lepidoptera , sesioidea ) . \u2013 occasional papers in entomology 26 , 1 - 54 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1978 ) : the type - material of central and south american clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 smithsonian contributions to zoology 261 , 1 - 28 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1983 ) : revision of the clearwing moth genus osminia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 smithsonian contributions to zoology 361 , 1 - 15 .\ndumont , c . ( 1922 ) : diagnoses de l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res nouveaux du nord de l ' afrique . \u2013 bulletin de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de france ( 15 ) , 215 - 220 . ( 215 - 217 )\nduponchel , p . a . j . ( 1835 ) : cr\u00e9pusculaires . \u2013 supplement a l ' histoire naturelle 2 , 197 pp , 12 pls . ( 108 , 112 - 116 , 129 , 167 , pl . 9 )\ndurrant , j . h . ( 1914 ) : descriptions of two new tineina ( lep . ) from the lagos district . \u2013 the transactions of the entomological society of london ( 4\ndurrant , j . h . ( 1915 ) : microlepidoptera ( pterophorina and tineina ) collected by the british ornithologists ' union and wollaston expeditions in the snow mountains , southern dutch new guinea . \u2013 lepidoptera of the british ornithologists ' union and wollaston expeditions in the snow mountains , southern dutch new guinea 2 ( 15 ) , 149 - 168 . ( 166 )\ndurrant , j . h . ( 1919 ) : three new genera of tineina resembling aegeriadae [ sic ] . \u2013 novitates zoologicae 26 ( 1 ) , 120 - 122 .\ndurrant , j . h . ( 1924 ) : in : examples of the mimicry of hymenoptera by other insects . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of london ( 1923 - 1924 ) , lxxv - lxxvi .\ndyar , h . g . ( [ 1903 ] ) : a list of north american lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects . \u2013 bulletin of the united states national museum 52 ( 1902 ) , 1 - 723 . ( 364 - 371 )\ndyar , h . g . ( 1904 ) : additions to the list of north american lepidoptera , no . 2 . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 6 ( 2 ) , 103 - 119 . ( 106 )\neda , k . , arita , y . , kallies , a . & wang , m . ( 2015 ) : a new long - legged clearwing moth species of the genus teinotarsina felder & felder , 1874 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from guangdong , china . \u2013 tinea 23 ( 3 ) , 128 - 130 . eda , k . & arita , y . ( 2015 ) : see eda , k . , arita , y . , kallies , a . & wang , m . ( 2015 ) .\nedwards , h . ( 1880 ) : descriptions of some new forms of aegeriidae . \u2013 bulletin of the brooklyn entomological society 3 ( 8 ) , 71 - 72 .\nedwards , h . ( 1881 ) : new genera and species of the family aegeridae . \u2013 papilio 1 ( 10 ) , 179 - 208 , pl . 4 .\nedwards , h . ( 1882a ) : notes on n . american aegeridae , with descriptions of new forms . \u2013 papilio 2 ( 4 ) , 52 - 57 .\nedwards , h . ( 1882b ) : further notes and descriptions of north american aegeriadae . \u2013 papilio 2 ( 6 ) , 96 - 99 .\nedwards , h . ( 1882c ) : descriptions of new species of n . am . heterocera . \u2013 papilio 2 ( 8 ) , 123 - 130 . ( 123 - 124 )\nedwards , h . ( 1883 ) : new species of aegeriadae . \u2013 papilio 3 ( 7 - 10 ) , 155 - 157 .\nedwards , h . ( 1885 ) : new species of californian moths . \u2013 entomologica americana 1 ( 3 ) , 49 - 50 . ( 49 )\nedwards , h . ( 1887 ) : descriptions of new species of north american heterocera , with notes . \u2013 the canadian entomologist 19 ( 8 ) , 145 - 147 .\nedwards , h . ( 1888 ) : catalogue of species of the higher families of the north american heterocera , described since grote ' s\nnew check list\n( 1872 ) , with those omitted from that publication . \u2013 entomologica americana 3 ( 12 ) , 221 - 232 . ( 223 - 224 )\nedwards , h . ( 1891 ) : [ contribution ] . in lugger , o . : two new lepidopterous borers . \u2013 psyche 6 , 108 - 109 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1986 ) : western hemisphere clearwing moths of the subfamily tinthiinae ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomography 4 , 315 - 378 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1987 ) : three new western hemisphere clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : sesiinae ) . \u2013 entomography 5 , 531 - 540 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1989 ) : western hemisphere clear wing moths of the subfamily paranthreninae ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomography 6 , 159 - 212 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1992 ) : clearwing moths of baja california , mexico ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 tropical lepidoptera 3 ( 2 ) , 135 - 150 .\neichlin , t . d . ( [ 1993 ] ) : a new texas clearwing moth ( sesiidae : sesiinae ) . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 46 ( 4 ) ( 1992 ) , 265 - 268 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1995a ) : a new panamanian clearwing moth ( sesiidae : sesiinae ) . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 49 ( 1 ) , 39 - 42 .\na new north american clearwing moth and notes on a rare species ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 49 ( 2 ) , 114 - 118 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1995c ) : 65 . sesiidae . in heppner , j . ( ed . ) : atlas of neotropical lepidoptera . checklist : part 2 . hyblaeoidea - pyraloidea - tortricoidea 3 , 17 - 18 , 109 - 113 . eichlin , t . d . ( 1998 ) : western hemisphere clearwing moths of the tribe osminiini ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : sesiinae ) . \u2013 holarctic lepidoptera 5 ( 1 ) , 23 - 33 . eichlin , t . d . ( 2002 ) : in eichlin , t . d . & kinnee , s . a . : brazilian sesiidae in the collection of the universit\u00e4t des saarlandes , saarbr\u00fccken , germany ( lepidoptera ) . \u2013 zootaxa 108 , 1 - 15 . eichlin , t . d . ( 2003a ) : carmenta munroei , a new clearwing moth from costa rica ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 tropical lepidoptera 11 ( 1 - 2 ) , 42 - 43 . eichlin , t . d . ( 2003b ) : carmenta guayaba , a new clearwing moth from peru ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 tropical lepidoptera 11 ( 1 - 2 ) , 44 - 45 .\neichlin , t . d . , delgado , o . s . , strathie , l . w . , zachariades , c . & clavijo , j . ( 2009 ) : carmenta chromolaenae eichlin , a new species ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) for the biological control of chromolaena odorata ( l . ) king & robinson ( asteraceae ) . \u2013 zootaxa 2288 , 42 - 50 .\neichlin , t . d . & duckworth , w . d . ( 1988 ) : the moths of america north of mexico . fascicle 5 . 1 . sesioidea , sesiidae , 176 pp . \u2013 washington .\n. \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 37 ( 3 ) ( 1983 ) , 193 - 206 .\nclearwing moth from michigan ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 42 ( 3 ) , 231 - 235 .\nemich von em\u00f6ke , g . ( 1872 ) : descriptions de l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res de transcaucasie . \u2013 revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliqu\u00e9e , series 2 , 23 ( 2 ) ( 1871 - 1872 ) , 63 - 64 .\nengelhardt , g . p . ( 1925a ) : studies in north american aegeriidae ( lepidoptera ) . i . descriptions and corrections of species from long island , new york . ii . descriptions of two new western species . \u2013 bulletin of the brooklyn entomological society ( n . s . ) 20 ( 2 ) , 61 - 69 .\nengelhardt , g . p . ( 1925b ) : studies of north american aegeriidae ( lepidoptera ) . iii .\nroot borers of america north of mexico . \u2013 bulletin of the brooklyn entomological society ( n . s . ) 20 ( 4 ) , 153 - 158 .\nengelhardt , g . p . ( 1946 ) : the north american clear - wing moths of the family aegeriidae . \u2013 bulletin of the united states national museum 190 , iv + 222 pp .\nerschoff , n . g . ( 1874 ) : cheshuyekriliya ( lepidoptera ) . \u2013 travels in turkestan ( fedtchenko ) 2 ( 5 ) , 128 pp . ( 26 - 27 , pl . 5 ) [ in russian ]\nerschoff , n . g . ( 1874 ) : lepidopteren von turkestan . \u2013 stettiner entomologische zeitung 35 ( 10 - 12 ) , 386 - 417 . ( 393 )\nesper , e . j . c . ( 1778 - 1786 ) : die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen 2 , 234 pp , pls 1 - 36 . \u2013 erlangen . { title page : 1779 ; 1778 : pls 1 - 6 ; 1779 : 1 - 80 , pls 7 - 18 ; 1780 : 81 - 196 , pls 19 - 25 ; 1782 : 197 - 212 , pls 26 - 31 ; 1783 : 213 - 228 , pls 32 - 35 ; 1786 : 229 - 234 , pl . 36 } ( 122 , 131 - 135 , 205 - 217 , 230 - 232 , 234 , pls 14 - 15 , 23 , 29 - 32 , 36 )\nesper , e . j . c . ( 1789 - [ 1804 ] ) : fortsetzung der europ\u00e4ischen schmetterlinge . \u2013 die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen 2 ( suppl . ) , 52 pp , pls 37 - 47 . \u2013 erlangen . { [ 1789 ] : 5 - 12 , pls [ 38 - 40 ] ; 1800 : 21 - 40 , pls 42 - 46 ; [ 1803 - 1804 ] : 41 - 52 , pl . 47 } ( 5 , 9 , 25 , 29 - 30 , 44 - 47 , pls 37 - 38 , 42 , 44 , 47 )\neversmann , e . ( 1844 ) : fauna lepidoperologica volgo - uralensis exhibens lepidopterorum species quas per viginti quinque annos in provinciis volgam fluvium inter et montes uralenses sitis observavit et descripsit , 633 pp . \u2013 casan . ( 100 - 105 )\nfabricius , j . c . ( 1775 ) : systema entomologiae , sistens insectorum classes , ordines , genera , species , adiectis synonymis , locis , descriptionibus , observationibus , 30 + 832 pp . \u2013 flensburg u . leipzig . ( 547 - 549 )\nfabricius , j . c . ( 1787 ) : mantissa insectorum sistens species nuper detectas adiectis synonymis , observationibus , descriptionibus , emendationibus 2 , 382 pp . \u2013 hafniae . ( 98 - 101 )\nfabricius , j . c . ( 1793 ) : entomologica systematica emendata et aucta : secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , adiectis synonymis , locis , observationibus , descriptionibus 3 ( 1 ) , 4 + 487 pp . \u2013 hafniae . ( 379 - 385 , 404 )\n[ fabricius , j . c . ] ( 1807 ) : in illiger , j . c . : die neueste gattungs - eintheilung der schmetterlinge aus den linn\u00e9ischen gattungen\n. \u2013 magazin f\u00fcr insektenkunde ( illiger ) 6 , 277 - 295 . ( 288 , 294 )\nfailla - tedaldi , l . ( 1883 ) : caccia di lepidotteri rari . \u2013 il naturalista siciliano 2 ( 11 ) , 249 - 250 .\nfailla - tedaldi , l . ( 1890 ) : contribuzione alla fauna lepidotterologica della sicilia . descrizione di alcune nuove specie . \u2013 il naturalista siciliano 10 ( 2 - 3 ) , 25 - 31 , pl i .\nfawcett , j . m . ( 1916 ) : notes on a collection of heterocera made by mr . w . feather in british east africa , 1911 - 13 . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london ( 2 ) , 707 - 737 . ( 736 - 737 , pl . i )\nfelder , c . ( 1861 ) : lepidopterorum amboinensium a dre . l . doleschall annis 1856 - 58 collectorum species novae diagnosibus collustratae a dre . c . felder , ii heterocera . \u2013 sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften , abt . 1 , 43 ( i ) , 25 - 44 .\nfelder , r . ( 1874 ) : lepidoptera : atlas . in felder , c . , felder , r . & rogenhofer , a . f . : reise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den befehlen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . zweiter band . zweite abtheilung ( fasc . 4 ) , 10 pp , pls 75 - 107 . ( 2 - 9 , pls 75 , 82 )\nfelder , r . & rogenhofer , a . f . ( 1875 ) : lepidoptera : atlas . in felder , c . , felder , r . & rogenhofer , a . f . : reise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den befehlen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . zweiter band . zweite abtheilung ( fasc . 5 ) , 20 pp , pls 108 - 140 . ( 9 )\nfilipjev , n . ( 1931 ) : lepidoptera . \u2013 trudy pamirskoj expedicii 1928 ( abhandlungen der pamir - expedition 1928 ) 8 , 143 - 174 . ( 161 - 163 )\nsp . nov . , eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus den cameron highlands in malaysia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 112 ( 5 ) , 141 - 143 .\nsp . nov . , eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus den cameron highlands in malaysia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 113 ( 5 ) , 139 - 141 .\nsp . nov . , eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus sumatra ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 115 ( 2 ) , 91 - 93 .\nsp . n . , a new clearwing moth species from the cameron highlands in west malaysia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 27 ( 1 / 2 ) , 53 - 54 .\nfischer , h . ( 2006b ) : a new tribe , genus and species of clearwing moths from the afrotropical region ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 atalanta 37 ( 1 / 2 ) , 219 - 224 .\nfischer , h . ( 2006c ) : corrigendum zur publikation\na new tribe , genus and species of clearwing moths from the afrotropical region\nin atalanta 37 . band , heft 1 / 2 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 atalanta 37 ( 3 / 4 ) , 328 .\n, h . ( 2007 ) : eine neue gattung mit einer neuen art , rubukona svetlanae gen . et spec . nov . , in der tribus paranthrenin\n, 1964 aus der afrotropischen region ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , paranthrenini ) . \u2013 atalanta 38 ( 3 / 4 ) , 361 - 364 .\nfischer , h . ( 2011 ) : adixoa pyromacula sp . n . , eine neue sesiide aus thailand ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , paranthrenini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 31 ( 4 ) , 207 - 209 . fitzsimons , v . , codd , l . e . , janse , a . j . t . , munro , h . k . , pringle , j . a . & vari , l . ( 1958 ) : a list of zoological and botanical types preserved in collections in southern and east africa . volume i \u2013 zoology 1 ( 1 ) , 147 pp .\nfixsen , c . ( 1887 ) : lepidoptera aus korea . \u2013 in romanoff , n . m . ( ed . ) : m\u00e9moires sur les l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res 3 , 233 - 356 , pl . 15 . ( 323 - 324 )\nist ein femininum , kein neutrum ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 17 ( 2 ) , 190 .\nfletcher , t . b . ( 1929 ) : a list of the generic names used for microlepidoptera . \u2013 memoirs of the department of agriculture in india , entomological series 11 , 1 - 244 .\nfletcher , t . b . ( 1940 ) : new generic names for microlepidoptera . \u2013 the entomologist ' s record and journal of variation 52 ( 1 ) , 17 - 19 . ( 18 )\nfletcher , d . s . ( 1982 ) : in fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . : the generic names of moths of the world . volume 4 . bombycoidea , castnioidea , cossoidea , mimallonoidea . sesioidea , sphingoidea , zygaenoidea . \u2013 british museum ( natural history ) publication no . 848 , 192 pp . \u2013 london .\nfreina , j . j . de ( 1983 ) : 4 . beitrag zur systematischen erfassung der bombyces - und sphinges - fauna kleinasiens . neue kenntnisse \u00fcber artenspektrum , systematik und nomenklatur sowie beschreibung neuer taxa . \u2013 mitteilungen der m\u00fcnchner entomologischen gesellschaft 72 ( 1982 ) , 57 - 127 . ( 72 - 76 )\nfreina , j . j . de ( 2007 ) : eine neue art der gattung melittia h\u00fcbner , 1819 aus dem dhofar , s\u00fcdoman ( sesiidae : sesiinae : melittiini ) . \u2013 nota lepidopterologica 30 ( 1 ) , 51 - 57 .\nfreina , j . j . de ( 2008 ) : beschreibung von cabomina gen . n . , cabomina monicae sp . n . und cabomina dracomontana sp . n . aus s\u00fcdafrika ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae , osminiini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 29 ( 3 ) , 163 - 169 .\n( 2011a ) : vier neue sesiiden und eine unbestimmte homogyna - art aus dem s\u00fcdlichen afrika ( lepidoptera , sesiidae : osminiini , sesiini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 31 ( 4 ) , 211 - 218 . freina , j . j .\n( 2011b ) : noctusphecia puchneri gen . et sp . n . , eine neue gattung und nachtaktive glasfl\u00fcglerart aus tansania ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae , osminiini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 32 ( 1 / 2 ) , 48 - 50 . freina , j . j .\n( 2011c ) : neue arten der gattung thyranthrene hampson , 1919 aus s\u00fcdafrika ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , paranthrenini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 32 ( 1 / 2 ) , 51 - 56 .\n( 2013 ) : synanthedon angolana sp . n . , eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus angola ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : sesiinae , synanthedonini ) . - nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 34 ( 3 ) , 125 - 126 .\nfreina , j . j . de & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2000 ) : beitrag zur sesiidae - fauna israels und pal\u00e4stinas ( insecta , lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 mitteilungen der m\u00fcnchner entomologischen gesellschaft 90 , 75 - 84 .\nfreyer , c . f . ( 1836 ) : neuere beitr\u00e4ge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur 2 , 162 pp , pls 97 - 192 . \u2013 augsburg . ( 140 - 142 , pl . 182 )\nfreyer , c . f . ( 1842 ) : neuere beitr\u00e4ge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur 4 , 167 pp , pls 289 - 384 . \u2013 augsburg . ( 129 - 131 , pl . 362 )\nfreyer , c . f . ( 1843 ) : neuere beitr\u00e4ge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur 5 , 166 pp , pls 385 - 480 . \u2013 augsburg . ( 35 - 36 , pl . 404 )\nfriedlander , t . p . ( 1986 ) : a new squash borer from mexico ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 the journal of research on the lepidoptera 24 ( 4 ) ( 1985 ) , 277 - 288 .\nnov . spec . \u2013 internationale entomologische zeitschrift 2 ( 5 ) , 33 .\ngaede , m . ( 1929 ) : aegeriidae . \u2013 in seitz , a . ( ed . ) : die gro\u00dfschmetterlinge der erde 14 , 515 - 538 , pl . 77 .\ngaede , m . ( 1933 ) : aegeriidae . \u2013 in seitz , a . ( ed . ) : die gro\u00dfschmetterlinge der erde , suppl . 2 , 229 - 240 , pl . 16 .\ngarrevoet , t . , bartsch , d . & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2013 ) : on the knowledge of bembecia rushana gorbunov , 1992 and some related species ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . - nota lepidopterologica 36 ( 2 ) , 95 - 108 .\ngarrevoet , t . & garrevoet , w . ( 2011 ) : bembecia lingenhoelei , a new clearwing moth from tajikistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 phegea 39 ( 2 ) , 73 - 79 .\ngarrevoet , t . & garrevoet , w . ( 2016 ) : on the status of bembecia zebo \u0161patenka & gorbunov , 1992 ; bembecia pamira \u0161patenka , 1992 ; bembecia kreuzbergi \u0161patenka & bartsch , 2010 and bembecia martensi gorbunov , 1994 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .\ngarrevoet , t . & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2011 ) : bembecia bartschi , a new clearwing moth from tajikistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 4 ) , 157 - 161 .\ngarrevoet , t . , garrevoet , w . & \u00f6zbek , h . ( 2007 ) : data on the geographic distribution of sesiidae ( lepidoptera ) in turkey . \u2013 linzer biologische beitr\u00e4ge 39 ( 2 ) , 929 - 953 .\ngeoffroy , e . l . ( 1785 ) : [ contribution ] . in fourcroy , a . f . : entomologia parisiensis ; sive catalogus insectorum quae in agro parisiensi reperiuntur . . . cui addita sunt nomina trivialia & fere trecentae novae species 2 , 544 pp . ( 252 )\ngermadius , p . ( 1874 ) : a new aegerian maple borer . \u2013 the american naturalist 8 , 57 - 58 .\nghiliani , v . ( 1852 ) : materiali per servire alla compilazione della fauna entomologica italiana ossia elenco delle specie di lepidotteri riconosciuti esistenti negli stati sardi . \u2013 memorie della reale accademia della scienze di torino ( serie 2 ) 14 , 20 , 85 , 131 - 247 . ( 216 )\ngiacomelli , e . ( 1911 ) : lepid\u00f3pteros riojanos nuevos \u00f3 poco conocidos . \u2013 anales de la sociedad cientifica argentina 72 , 19 - 40 . ( 29 - 30 )\ngmelin , j . f . ( 1790 ) : caroli a linn\u00e9 systema naturae . per regna tria naturae secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis 1 ( 5 ) ( ed . 13 ) . \u2013 leipzig . ( 2388 - 2390 )\ngodart , m . j . - b . ( 1822 ) : cr\u00e9pusculaires . \u2013 histoire naturelle des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res ou papillons de france 3 . ( 6 , 74 - 121 , pl . xxi )\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from azerbaijan . \u2013 zoologichesky zhurnal 65 ( 6 ) , 938 - 940 . [ in russian ]\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from talysh . \u2013 vestnik zoologii 1987 ( 3 ) , 12 - 18 . [ in russian ]\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from talysh . \u2013 vestnik zoologii 1987 ( 2 ) , 14 - 20 . [ in russian ]\ngorbunov , o . ( 1988a ) : a new contribution to the knowledge of clearwing moths ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of vietnam . \u2013 in medvedev , l . n . & striganova , b . r . ( eds ) : fauna i ekologiya nasekomykh vetnama [ the fauna and ecology of insects of vietnam ] , 192 - 198 . [ in russian ]\ngorbunov , o . ( 1988b ) : a new species and genus of the clearwing moths ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of the subfamily tinthiinae from the primorsky kray ( far east ) . \u2013 biologiyeckie nauki 7 , 45 - 47 . [ in russian with english summary ]\ngorbunov , o . ( 1989 ) : two new species of lepidoptera ( sesiidae ) from the kopet - dag . \u2013 zoologichesky zhurnal 68 ( 10 ) , 141 - 145 . [ in russian with english summary ]\nh\u00fcbner , 1819 from the caucasus , usssr ( lep . , sesiidae ) . \u2013 atalanta 20 ( 1 / 4 ) ( 1989 ) , 119 - 123 .\ngorbunov , o . ( 1991a ) : six new species of the clearwing moths from the caucasus , ussr ( lep . , sesiidae ) . \u2013 atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) , 125 - 143 , 378 - 379 ."]}
{"id": 789, "summary": [{"text": "antaeotricha coriodes is a moth in the depressariidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by edward meyrick in 1915 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in guyana .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 16-17 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are white , tinged in the disc with ochreous and with a broad dark bronzy-purplish fascia near the base , leaving a slender whitish basal space obscurely marked with dark grey , the outer edge of the fascia irregular , hardly oblique , but on the dorsal half followed by irregular grey suffusion extending beneath the fold to the tornus , on the dorsum suffusedly spotted with dark fuscous before and beyond the middle .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are two dark fuscous dots transversely placed on the end of the cell and there is a straight transverse grey shade at four-fifths , more or less enlarged anteriorly into a blotch on the costa .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "some undefined grey suffusion is found before the apex and termen , preceding a white dentate marginal line with interspaces filled with dark fuscous .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey , paler anteriorly and with the costal margin somewhat expanded to beyond the middle , with long rough projecting hairscales suffused with dark grey beneath , and a long ochrcous-white subcostal hairpencil lying beneath the forewings . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "antaeotricha coriodes", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for coriodes definition . you find here coriodes meaning , synonyms of coriodes and images for coriodes copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word coriodes . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word coriodes and , of course , coriodes synonyms and on the right images related to the word coriodes .\nantaeotricha coriodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 397 ; tl : british guiana , mallali ; bartica\nantaeotricha coriodes is a moth in the family depressariidae . it was described by edward meyrick in 1915 . it is found in guyana . [ 1 ]\nantaeotricha suffumigata walsingham , 1897 ; 98 ; tl : mount gay est . , grenada\nantaeotricha zeller , 1854 at markku savela ' s lepidoptera and some other life forms .\nantaeotricha malachita meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 404 ; tl : british guiana\nantaeotricha parastis van gyen , 1913 ; bol . mus . nac . chile 5 : 339 ; tl : collipulli\nantaeotricha platydesma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 405 ; tl : british guiana\nantaeotricha praerupta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 394 ; tl : british guiana\nantaeotricha brochota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 396 ; tl : peru , yquitos\nantaeotricha carabophanes meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 289 ; tl : colombia , san antonio\nantaeotricha epignampta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 395 ; tl : peru , pacaya\nantaeotricha gravescens meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : colombia , minero\nantaeotricha iras meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : peru , 12000ft\nantaeotricha isotona meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 291 ; tl : panama , trinidad river\nantaeotricha lysimeris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 391 ; tl : peru , pacaya\nantaeotricha nerteropa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 395 ; tl : peru , pacaya\nantaeotricha neurographa meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 614 ; tl : brazil , novo friburgo\nantaeotricha serangodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 400 ; tl : panama , chiriqui\nantaeotricha arystis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 402 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nantaeotricha camarina meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 401 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nantaeotricha deltopis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 390 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nantaeotricha hapsicora meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : brazil , sao paulo\nantaeotricha lecithaula meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 401 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nantaeotricha monocolona meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 293 ; tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca\nantaeotricha pactota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 391 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nantaeotricha paracrypta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 405 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nantaeotricha phaeosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 394 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nantaeotricha protosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 406 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nantaeotricha pseudochyta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 393 ; tl : bartica , british guiana\nantaeotricha sparganota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 389 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nantaeotricha thesmophora meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nantaeotricha trochoscia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 396 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nantaeotricha aglypta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 174 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha amicula zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 317 , pl . 4 , f . 96\nantaeotricha capsulata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 199 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha cleopatra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 166 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha congelata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 236 ; tl : peru , cocapata , 12000ft\nantaeotricha cryeropis meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 167 ; tl : mexico , guerrero\nantaeotricha eucoma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 168 ; tl : brazil , manaos\nantaeotricha hydrophora meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : peru , iquitos\nantaeotricha manceps meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 172 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas\nantaeotricha milictis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 163 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha nimbata meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 175 ; tl : peru , iquitos\nantaeotricha nitescens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : brazil , para\nantaeotricha orthriopa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 166 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nantaeotricha percnogona meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : peru , iquitos\nantaeotricha plerotis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : peru , pacaya\nantaeotricha resiliens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nantaeotricha sana meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : colombia , sosomoko , 2650ft\nantaeotricha sarcinata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 200 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha serarcha meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 556 ; tl : brazil , caraca\nantaeotricha sortifera meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 557 ; tl : bolivia , cochabamba\nantaeotricha stringens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 164 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha suffumigata ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 4 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha superciliosa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 198 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha synercta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nantaeotricha tornogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nantaeotricha tractrix meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 172 ; tl : brazil , obidos\nantaeotricha xuthosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 175 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha acronephela meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali\nantaeotricha brachysaris meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha campylodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 494 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha encyclia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 403 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft\nantaeotricha euthrinca meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft\nantaeotricha exusta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 492 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha glycerostoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft\nantaeotricha helicias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha himaea meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 505 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha incrassata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha insimulata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 6600ft\nantaeotricha staurota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 493 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha substricta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 200 ; tl : : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha xylocosma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 491 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha ( depressariidae ) ; urra , 2014 , bol . mus . nac . hist . nat . chile 63 : 102 ( note )\nantaeotricha celidotis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 169 ; tl : peru , r . napo\nantaeotricha cycnomorpha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 169 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas\nantaeotricha fulta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 234 ; tl : colombia , monte del eden , 9550\nantaeotricha gubernatrix meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : peru , r . napo\nantaeotricha gymnolopha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 174 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos\nantaeotricha haplocentra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins\nantaeotricha melanopis meyrick , 1909 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1909 ( 1 ) : 31 ; tl : peru , huancabamba\nantaeotricha mesostrota meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 708 ; tl : venezulea , carupano\nantaeotricha nuclearis meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 181 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo\nantaeotricha phryactis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 167 ; tl : peru , r . napo\nantaeotricha sardania meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 168 ; tl : brazil , para , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha sellifera meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 163 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos\nantaeotricha semiovata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 234 ; tl : colombia , monte del eden , 9550ft\nantaeotricha teleosema meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : brazil , parintins , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha tritogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 176 ; tl : brazil , parintins , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha deridens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 162 ; tl : bolivia , del sara , 1500ft\nantaeotricha nitrota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 497 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni\nantaeotricha ophrysta meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 708 ; tl : dutch guiana , onoribo\nantaeotricha albovenosa zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 321 , pl . 4 , f . 99 ; tl : chanchamayo\nantaeotricha arizonensis ferris , 2010 ; zookeys 57 : 60 ; tl : arizona , cochise co . , hauchuca mts . , carr canyon , 5300 '\nantaeotricha assecta zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 313 , pl . 3 , f . 94 ; tl : chanchamayo\nantaeotricha cathagnista meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas , teff\u00e9\nantaeotricha christocoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 398 ; tl : peru , pacaya ; conamano , r . ucuyali\nantaeotricha generatrix meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 239 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul\nantaeotricha thammii zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 306 , pl . 3 , f . 89 ; tl : chanchamayo\nantaeotricha vacata meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : st . george ' s , grenada\nantaeotricha albifrons zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 323 , pl . 4 , f . 100 ; tl : brazil ?\nantaeotricha amphilyta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 503 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha anaclintris meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha axena meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 501 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha compsographa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 491 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha diffracta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha excisa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 496 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha manzanitae keifer , 1937 ; calif . dept . agric . bull . 26 : 334 ; tl : shingle springs , el dorado co . , california\nantaeotricha melanarma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha oxycentra meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 497 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha palaestrias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha pseudochyta ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 4 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha purulenta zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 318 , pl . 4 , f . 97 ; tl : brazil ?\nantaeotricha tibialis zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 307 , pl . 3 , f . 90 ; tl : brazil ?\nantaeotricha vacata ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 5 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha venatum ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha amphizyga meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 234 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; tl : par\u00e1 , belem\nantaeotricha enodata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 493 ; tl : french guiana , godebert ; nouveau chantier , r . maroni\nantaeotricha immota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni ; british guiana , mallali\nantaeotricha orthotona meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 495 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; french guiana , r . maroni\nantaeotricha ribbei zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 309 , pl . 3 , f . 91 ; tl : chiriqui - vulcan\nantaeotricha smileuta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 397 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; french guiana , s . laurient\nantaeotricha trichonota meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul ; paraguay\nantaeotricha corvigera meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 390 ; tl : british guiana , mallali ; peru , contamano , r . ucuyali\nantaeotricha diplophaea meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 494 ; tl : french guiana , godebert ; st . jean , r . maroni\nantaeotricha laudata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 496 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean and godebert , r . maroni\nantaeotricha praecisa meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 709 ; tl : brazil , rio de janeiro , s\u00e3o paulo\nantaeotricha demas ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha illepida ; duckworth , 1966 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 68 ( 3 ) : 196 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha lampyridella ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha cyprodeta meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 556 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul ; organ mtns , nova friburge\nantaeotricha floridella hayden & dickel , 2015 ; zookeys 533 : 135 ; tl : usa , florida , marion co . , ocala national forest , fr 88 , 3 . 9mi se of sr 316 , longleaf pine sandhills\nantaeotricha fuscorectangulata duckworth , 1964 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 41 , pl . 3 a ; tl : south fork of cave creek , chiricahua mts . , arizona\nantaeotricha utahensis ferris , 2012 ; j . lep . soc . 66 ( 3 ) : 168 ; tl : utah , san juan co . , 37\u00b044 . 90 ' n , 109\u00b024 . 75 ' w ( 2220m )\nantaeotricha humilis ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 37 ; [ nacl ] , # 1019 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha decorosella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 35 , pl . 1 f ; [ nacl ] , # 1016 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha furcata ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 36 , pl . 2 a ; [ nacl ] , # 1017 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha haesitans ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 40 , pl . 2 f ; [ nacl ] , # 1022 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha irene ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 36 , pl . 2 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1018 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha leucillana ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 32 , pl . 1 d ; [ nacl ] , # 1014 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha lindseyi ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 30 , pl . 1 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1012 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha manzanitae ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 43 , pl . 3 c ; [ nacl ] , # 1025 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha osseella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 34 , pl . 1 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1015 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha schlaegeri ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 29 , pl . 1 a ; [ nacl ] , # 1011 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha thomasi ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 39 , pl . 2 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1021 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha unipunctella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 31 , pl . 1 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1013 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nantaeotricha vestalis ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 42 , pl . 3 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1024 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\naphanoxena acrograpta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 387 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma actista meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 186 ; tl : venezuela , palma sola ; british guiana , r . demerata\nstenoma admixta walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 170 , pl . 6 , f . 3 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , dos arroyos , 1000ft\nstenoma adornata meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 442 ; tl : peru , pacaya\nstenoma aequabilis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean ; godebert , r . maroni\nstenoma aggravata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma agrioschista meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 365 ; tl : texas , alpine , 5000 - 8000ft\nstenoma ammodes walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 176 , pl . 6 , f . 18 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\nstenoma arachnia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\ncryptolechia aratella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 724 ; tl : ega\nargocorys ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 34\naphanoxena astynoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 388 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nstenoma atmospora meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 209 ; tl : colombia , minero and sosomoco , 2650ft\naphanoxena balanocentra meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 387 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali\nstenoma ballista meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 516 ; tl : french guiana , . maroni\ncryptolechia basiferella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 744 ; tl : ega\nstenoma basilaris busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 45 ; tl : alphajuela , porto bello ; trinidad r . , panama\ncryptolechia basirubrella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 719 ; tl : ega\nstenoma bathrotoma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 189 ; tl : brazil , obidos\nstenoma bilinguis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nbracatingae ( k\u00f6hler , 1943 ) ( stenoma ) ; rev . soc . ent . arg . 12 : 28\nstenoma caenochytis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 415 ; tl : british guiana , bartica and mallali\nalphanoxena cantharitis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 490 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma caprimulga walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 165 , pl . 5 , f . 33 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyae\ncapsiformis ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 25\nstenoma carabodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 435 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma carbasea meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : brazil , novo friburgo\ncaryograpta ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 26\nstenoma ceratistes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 159 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\nstenoma chalastis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 413 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nchalinophanes ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 42\nstenoma chilosema meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 208 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni\nphalaena ( tinea ) cicadella sepp , [ 1830 ] ; surinaam . vlinders 2 ( 20 ) : 183 , pl . 80\nstenoma cirrhoxantha meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 15 ) : 477 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni\nstenoma cnemosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 181 ; tl : brazil , para\nstenoma colposaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 185 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nstenoma comosa walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 161 , pl . 5 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac\nstenoma compsoneura meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 217 ; tl : brazil , para ; french guiana , r . maroni\ncryptolechia confixella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 731 ; tl : ega\nstenopa coniopa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 184 ; tl : brazil , obidos\nstenoma constituta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 191 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma constricta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 226 ; tl : colombia , mt . socorro , 12500ft\ncryptoleciha costatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 737 ; tl : ega\nstenoma cremastis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 194 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas ; brazil , manaos\nstenoma crypsiphaea meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 190 ; tl : brazil , para\nstenoma cycnolopha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 186 ; tl : peru , r . napo\nstenopa cymogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 193 ; tl : peru , r . napo , iquitos\nbrachyloma decorosella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 111 ; tl : montclair , n . j\nlarva on quercus ilicifolia , quercus marilandia duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 35\nstenoma demas busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 223 ; tl : st . jean , maroni r . , french guiana\nstenoma demotica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 159 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\nstenoma desecta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 203 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\ncryptolechia destillata zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 283 ; tl : chiriqui\nstenoma diacta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma diplosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 418 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\ndirempta ( zeller , 1855 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 10 : 154 , pl . 1 , f . 4\nstenoma discalis busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 46 ; tl : trinidad river , panama\nstenoma discolor walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 164 ; tl : guatemala , baja vera paz , san ger\u00f3nimo\ndisjecta ( zeller , 1854 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 9 : 368\nstenoma dissona meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 191 ; tl : brazil , manaos\nstenoma doleropis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 421 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma dromica meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 185 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nstenoma elaeodes walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 178 , pl . 6 , f . 22 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac\ncryptolechia elatior felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 138 , f . 67 ; tl : amazonas\nepicrossa ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 294\naphanoxena episimbla meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 389 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali\nstenoma ergates walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 185 , pl . 6 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\nstenoma erotica meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 534 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma exasperata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 533 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma falsidica meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : dutch guiana , berg - en - daal\nstenoma fasciatum busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 217 ; tl : cayenne , french guiana\nbritish guiana , french guiana , brazil ( amazonas ) . see [ maps ]\nstenoma forreri walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 172 , pl . 6 , f . 2 ; tl : mexico , durango , presidio\nstenoma fractilinea walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 166 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\nstenoma fractinubes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 165 , pl . 5 , f . 32 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft\ncryptolechia frontalis zeller , 1855 ; linn . ent . 10 : 159 , pl . 1 , f . 7\nstenoma fumifica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 162 , pl . 5 , f . 31 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac\nstenoma glaphyrodes meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 186 ; tl : french guiana , st . laurient ; brazil [ ? ] , iquitos\nstenoma glaucescens meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 537 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma gypsoterma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 424 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nstenoma habilis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 427 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\naedemoses haesitans walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 154 , pl . 5 , f . 21 ; tl : presidio , durango , mexico\nlarva on pithecellobium flexicaule duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 41\nstenoma hemiscia walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 163 ; tl : guatemala , san ger\u00f3nimo\nstenoma heterosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 418 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\naphanoxena homologa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 388 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma horizontias meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 188 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nnorth carolina , south carolina , missouri , tennessee , virginia , illinois , maryland , texas , indiana , new jersey , louisiana . see [ maps ]\nlarva on quercus sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 38\nhyalophanta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 294\nstenoma ianthina walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 178 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft\nstenoma imminens meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : dutch guiana , onoribo\ncryptolechia impactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 742 ; tl : ega\nstenoma impedita meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 422 ; tl : peru , pacaya\ncryptolechia indicatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 732 ; tl : ega\nstenoma infecta meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 254 , pl . 2 , f . 20 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil\nstenoma infrenata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma innexa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 190 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos\nstenoma insidiana meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 512 ; tl : french guiana , , r . maroni\n= stenoma disjecta ; meyrick , 1925 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 192 ; [ nhm card ]\niopetra ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 295\nstenoma ioptila meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma irene barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 239 , pl . 28 , f . 7 , 9 , pl . 30 , f . 1 ; tl : brownsville , texas\nlarva on sida sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 37\nstenoma irenias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 537 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nstenoma isochyta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 420 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma isomeris meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 711 ; tl : brazil , tijuco\nstenopa isoplintha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 193 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nisoporphyra ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( asapharca ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 8 - 9 ) : 286\nisosticta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 299\nithytona meyrick , 1929 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 514\nstenoma juvenalis meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 240 , pl . 2 , f . 13 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil\nauxocrossa lacera zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 328 , pl . 4 , f . 103\nstenoma lampyridella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 41 ; tl : cabima , panama\nstenoma lathiptila meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 425 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma laxa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 428 ; tl : venezuela , ciudad bolivar\nstenoma lebetias meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : french guiana , s . laurent\nstenoma lepidocarpa meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 239 , pl . 1 , f . 9 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil\npsephomeres leptogramma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 506\nnew hampshire , massachusetts , new york , pennsylvania , district of columbia , virginia , north carolina , na . georgia , alabama , arkansas , missouri , kansas , illinois , iowa , texas , oregon , louisiana , manitoba , nova scotia . see [ maps ]\nlarva on pyracantha crenulata , malus sp . , vaccinium corymbosum , acer sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 32\nleucocryptis ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 295\nstenoma lindseyi barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 239 , pl . 29 , f . 2 ; tl : paradise ; white mts . , arizona ; fort wingate , new mexico\nstenoma lophoptycha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 188 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nstenoma lophosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 186 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas\nloxogrammos ( zeller , 1854 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 9 : 367 , pl . 3 , f . 17\nstenoma lucrosa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 184 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins\nstenoma lunimaculata dognin , 1913 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 57 : 417 ; tl : san antonio , colombia , 2000m\nstenoma machetes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 162 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\nstenoma macronota meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 716 ; tl : colombia , naranjito , r . dagua , 3900ft ; dutch guiana , paramaribo\nstenoma mesosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 178 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma microtypa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 422 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma mitratella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 46 ; tl : porto bello , panama\nstenoma modulata meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 436 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma monosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 419 ; tl : british guiana , bartica and mallali\ncryptolechia murinella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 743 ; tl : ega\nstenoma mustela walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 167 , pl . 6 , f . 1 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft\nnavicularis ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 24\nstenopa neocrossa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 193 ; tl : peru , r . napo\nnephelocyma ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 27\nbritish guiana , dutch guiana , french guiana , paraguay . see [ maps ]\n: british guiana , r . demerana ; dutch guiana , paramaribo ; french guiana , st . laurient ; paraguay\ncryptolechia nitidorella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 729 ; tl : ega\nstenoma notogramma meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 243 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : breves , amazon delta\nstenoma notosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 181 ; tl : brazil , para\ncryptolechia notosemia zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 298 , pl . 3 , f . 86 ; tl : cundai\nstenoma obtusa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nstenoma ocellifer walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 162 ; tl : mexico , durango ; costa rica , volcan de irazu , 6000 - 7000ft , guatemala , san ger\u00f3nimo , 2800ft\nstenoma ogmolopha meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 557 ; tl : brazil , santarem\nstenoma ogmosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 415 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nstenoma orgadopa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 182 ; tl : brazil , para , parintins\nnew york , new jersey , north carolina , south carolina , west virginia , maryland , district of columbia , massachusetts , pennsylvania , illinois , arkansas , missouri , texas , california . see [ maps ]\nlarva on quercus alba , q . muehlenbergii duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 34\nstenoma ostodes walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 174 ; tl : guatemala , alta vera paz , panima , 1800ft\nstenoma ovulifera meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 182 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas\nstenoma oxydecta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali\ncryptolechia pallicosta felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 138 , f . 41 ; tl : amazonas\nstenoma paracta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 425 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo and el porvenir ; colombia , san antonio , 5800ft\ncryptolechia particularis zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 293 , pl . 3 , f . 82 ; tl : chiriqui\naphanoxena pellocoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 387 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nstenoma percnocarpa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 181 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nstenoma periphrictis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 15 ) : 451 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma phaeoneura meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 187 ; tl : british guiana\nstenoma phaeoplintha meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 424 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nphaselodes ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 39\nstenoma phaula walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 160 , pl . 5 , f . 26 ; tl : guatemala , alta vera paz , panima , 1800ft\nstenoma phollicodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 533 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nstenoma planicoma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 189 ; tl : brazil , santarem\nstenoma plumosa busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 47 ; tl : trinidad river , panama\nstenoma polyglypta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 427 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nstenoma pratifera meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 222 ; tl : costa rica\nstenoma prosora walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 161 , pl . 5 , f . 29 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft\nguatemala , panama , ecuador , west indies , british guiana . see [ maps ]\ncatarata pumilis busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 36 ; tl : trinidad , panam\npyrgota ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 25\npyrobathra ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 33\nstenoma quiescens meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni\ncryptolechia radicalis zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 286 ; tl : chiriqui\ncryptolechia reciprocella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 731 ; tl : santarem\npanama , surinam , french guiana , brazil ( amazonas , para , bahia ) , peru . see [ maps ]\nstenoma rhipidaula meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma rostriformis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 532 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nstenoma scapularis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 209 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nquebec , new york , massachusetts , pennsylvania , delaware , maryland , district of columbia , virgina , north carolina , arkansas , missouri , illinois , iowa , texas , arizona . see [ maps ]\ncryptolechia schlaegeri zeller , 1854 ; linn . ent . 9 : 372 ; tl : new york\nlarva on quercus alba duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 30\nsciospila ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 47\nstenoma segmentata meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 423 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nstenoma similis busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 222 ; tl : st . jean , maroni r . , french guiana\nstenoma spermolitha meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 432 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma sterrhomitra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 178 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nstenoma stigmatias walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 184 , pl . 6 , f . 29 ; tl : guatemala , alta vera paz , sabo\nstenoma stygeropa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 187 ; tl : brazil , manaos\nstenoma tectoria meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma tempestiva meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 529 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma tephrodesma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 511 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni\nstenoma tetrapetra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 194 ; tl : brazil , teff\u00e9\nstenoma thylacosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 419 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma thomasi barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 240 , pl . 30 , f . 5 ; tl : palmerlee , arizona\nstenoma tinactis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 414 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma tribomias meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 417 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\ntricapsis ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 26\nstenoma triplectra meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 423 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nalphanoxena triplintha meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 490 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\ncryptolechia tripustulella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 733 ; tl : ega\nathleta trisecta walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 155 , pl . 5 , f . 24\nstenoma tumens meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 511 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni\nbrazil ( amazonas ) , panama , costa rica , british guiana , french guiana . see [ maps ]\ncryptolechia umbriferella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 740 ; tl : ega\nlarva on quercus sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 32\nunisecta ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 26\nstenoma venatum busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 217 ; tl : st . jean , maroni river , french guiana\nvenezuelensis amsel , 1956 ; boletin ent . venezolana 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 303\ntexas , florida , mississippi , south carolina , new jersey . see [ maps ]\nvenezuela , panama , trinidad , colombia , french guiana , brazil ( para , santa catharina ) , bolivia , peru . see [ maps ]\nxanthopetala ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 41\nstenoma xylurga meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 188 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo\nstenoma zanclogramma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 417 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nstenoma zelotes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 159 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nreise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera\n- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .\nergebnisse einer zoologischen sammelreise nach brasilien , insbesonderer in das amazonasgebiet , ausgef\u00fchrt von dr . h . zerny . v . theil . micro - lepidoptera\ndelectus animalium articulatorum que in itinere per brasilian collegerunt dr . j . b . de spix et dr . c . f . ph . de martius\nnatuurlijke historie van surinaamsche vlinders , naar het leven geteekend . papillons de surinam dessin\u00e9s d ' apr\u00e8s nature\n( 13 ) : i - viii , 105 - 108 , pl . 49 - 50 ( [ 1843 ] ) ,\n( 25 ) : i - iv , 217 - 224 , pl . 97 - 100 ( [ 1847 ] ) ,\n( 38 ) : i - viii , 321 - 328 , pl . 149 - 152 ( [ 1852 ] )\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthe source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .\nwould you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .\nit will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .\ni use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .\nof perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .\nthis page was last edited on 18 february 2018 , at 11 : 20 .\nbasis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\nbiokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright \u00a9 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors ."]}
{"id": 791, "summary": [{"text": "edentulina usambarensis a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family streptaxidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species is endemic to tanzania . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "edentulina usambarensis", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about edentulina usambarensis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for edentulina usambarensis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhow can i put and write and define edentulina usambarensis in a sentence and how is the word edentulina usambarensis used in a sentence and examples ? \u7528edentulina usambarensis\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528edentulina usambarensis\u9020\u53e5 , \u7528edentulina usambarensis\u9020\u53e5 , edentulina usambarensis meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\ngland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) \u2013 australia\u2019s unique reptiles \u2013 including lizards and snakes \u2013 face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .\nthe value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .\na recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .\nthere are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :\nyou have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .\nyour browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .\nyour browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .\nthe date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .\nyou have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .\nthis site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .\nin general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it ."]}
{"id": 796, "summary": [{"text": "muricopsis ( muricopsis ) marcusi is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "muricopsis marcusi", "paragraphs": ["muricopsis marcusi muricopsis muricoides muricopsis necocheana muricopsis necocheana cf . muricopsis necocheanus muricopsis necocheanus albis ( f ) muricopsis nothokieneri muricopsis omanensis muricopsis planilirata muricopsis roseus muricopsis schrammi muricopsis species tunesia ( from ) muricopsis tokubeii muricopsis withrowi naquetia barclayi naquetia cumingii cumingii naquetia jickelii naquetia triqueter nassa francolina nassa serta nassa situla nassa tuamotensis neorapana muricata neorapana tuberculata neothais harpa neothais marginatra cf . nipponotrophon gorgon nucella canaliculata nucella canaliculata analoga ( f ) nucella crassilabra nucella dubia nucella emarginata nucella freycineti freycineti nucella freycinetii alabaster nucella heyseana nucella lamellosa lamellosa nucella lamellosa nucella lamellosa crispata ( f ) nucella lamellosa franciscana ( f ) nucella lamellosa hormica ( f ) nucella lamellosa neptunea ( f ) nucella lapillus\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\n- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .\ncenozoic muricidae of the western atlantic region . part x - the subfamily muricopsinae tulane studies in geology and paleontology 26 49 - 160 . [ stated date : 25 may 1994 ; true date : pre 31 may . ]"]}
{"id": 815, "summary": [{"text": "drymoana blanchardi is a species of sedge moth in the genus drymoana .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by heppner in 1985 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in southern north america , including florida , georgia , louisiana , mississippi , new jersey , south carolina and texas", "topic": 20}], "title": "drymoana blanchardi", "paragraphs": ["drymoana blanchardi heppner , 1985 , n . sp . , fauna and flora handbook # 1 .\nhome \u00bb guide \u00bb arthropods ( arthropoda ) \u00bb hexapods ( hexapoda ) \u00bb insects ( insecta ) \u00bb butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) \u00bb ermine moths and kin ( yponomeutoidea ) \u00bb sedge and false diamondback moths ( glyphipterigidae ) \u00bb sedge moths ( glyphipteriginae ) \u00bb drymoana \u00bb drymoana blanchardi - hodges # 2336 . 2 ( drymoana blanchardi )\ndrymoana blanchardi heppner , 1985 ; sedge moths of north america : ( ? 49 - 53 ) ; tl : texas , jackson co . , deutschburg\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nheppner , 1985 the sedge moths of north america ( handbook 1 ) . sedge moths of north america : 254pp\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy ."]}
{"id": 826, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia kuni is a moth in the geometridae family that is endemic to vietnam .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 21 \u2013 21.5 millimetres ( 0.83 \u2013 0.85 in ) .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are uniform pale fawn and the hindwings are paler . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "eupithecia kuni", "paragraphs": ["eupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .\nash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )\neupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .\neupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90\u00b0 to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .\nthe larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !\nif you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .\nplease consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\n( a question mark next to a word above means that we couldn ' t find it , but clicking the word might provide spelling suggestions . )\nnot helpful ? you might try using the wildcards * and ? to find the word you ' re looking for . for example , use\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nas part our commitment to scholarly and academic excellence , all articles receive editorial review .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from world ebook fair are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\nchinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .\nskinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .\nthis article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word kudoi . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word kudoi and , of course , kudoi synonyms and on the right images related to the word kudoi .\n( \u304f\u3069\u3044 ) june 28 , 2015 14\nit ' s not a date !\ndeito de wa nai !\n( \u30c7\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff01 ) . . .\nthis is the place for kudoi definition . you find here kudoi meaning , synonyms of kudoi and images for kudoi copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken"]}
{"id": 827, "summary": [{"text": "pelophylax fukienensis is a species of frog in the ranidae family .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "it is found in fujian ( formerly romanized as \" fukien \" , hence the name ) , zhejiang , and jiangxi provinces of china as well as in taiwan .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , swamps , freshwater marshes , rural gardens , heavily degraded former forest , water storage areas , ponds , irrigated land , seasonally flooded agricultural land , and canals and ditches .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "it is not considered threatened by the iucn , though the taiwanese populations have strongly declined .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "pelophylax fukienensis is a medium to large-sized frog , with males reaching 47 mm ( 1.9 in ) and females 65 mm ( 2.6 in ) length . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "pelophylax fukienensis", "paragraphs": ["rana ( pelophylax ) fukienensis \u2014 dubois and ohler , 1996\n1994\n, zool . polon . , 39 : 174 .\nthe pelophylax fukienensis is classified as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category .\nregion of reverse phase hplc chromatogram of pelophylax plancyi fukienensis skin secretion indicating elution position / retention time of the peak of absorbance corresponding to bradykinin inhibitory activity ( arrow ) .\nranakinestatin - ppf from the skin secretion of the fukien gold - striped pond frog , pelophylax plancyi fukienensis : a prototype of a novel class of br . . . - pubmed - ncbi\nranakinestatin - ppf from the skin secretion of the fukien gold - striped pond frog , pelophylax plancyi fukienensis : a prototype of a novel class of bradykinin b2 receptor antagonist peptide from ranid frogs .\npelophylax plancyi fukienensis \u2014 fei , ye , and huang , 1990 , key to chinese amph . : 134 ; ye , fei , and hu , 1993 , rare and economic amph . china : 227 ; fei , 1999 , atlas amph . china : 160 .\nfukien gold - striped pond frog ( rana plancyi fukienensis : fei , 1999 , atlas amph . china : 160 ) .\nrana ( rana ) fukienensis \u2014 dubois , 1987\n1986\n, alytes , 5 : 41 - 42 , by implication .\nnucleotide and translated open - reading frame amino acid sequence of cloned pelophylax plancyi fukienensis skin secretion - derived cdna encoding the biosynthetic precursor of the bradykinin inhibitory peptide , named ranakinestatin - ppf . the putative signal peptide id double - underlined , the mature peptide is single - underlined and the stop codon is indicated with an asterisk .\nclosely related to pelophylax nigromaculatus and pelophylax plancyi ( as rana ) , according to the original publication . see account by ting , 1951 , copeia , 1951 : 120 - 126 . removed from the synonymy of pelophylax plancyi by kuramoto , 1983 , sci . rep . lab . amph . biol . hiroshima univ . , 6 : 253 - 267 . see comments under pelophylax plancyi and pelophylax chosenicus . dubois and ohler , 1996\n1994\n, zool . polon . , 39 : 167 , noted that all comparisons of pelophylax fukienensis with possible conspecifics had been made with specimens from taiwan , rather than the mainland population in which the type locality lies ; that mutual status of the two populations remains arguable . see accounts by ye , fei , and hu , 1993 , rare and economic amph . china : 227 - 229 ; and fei , 1999 , atlas amph . china : 160 - 161 . liu and hu , 1961 , tailless amph . china : 166 , had considered both rana lighti taylor , 1934 , and rana fukienensis pope , 1929 , to be synonyms of pelophylax plancyi ( lataste ) . in the pelophylax plancyi group of fei , ye , huang , jiang , and xie , 2005 , in fei et al . ( eds . ) , illust . key chinese amph . : 110 . lue , tu , and hsiang , 1999 , atlas taiwan amph . rept . : 78 - 79 , provided a brief account ( as rana plancyi ) for taiwan . fei , hu , ye , and huang , 2009 , fauna sinica , amph . 3 : 1049 - 1056 , provided an account , figures , and map for china and included it in their pelophylax plancyi group . fei , ye , and jiang , 2010 , colored atlas of chinese amph . : 282 , provided a brief account including photographs . fei , ye , and jiang , 2012 , colored atlas chinese amph . distr . : 319 , provided an account , photographs , and a range map for china .\npelophylaxins : novel antimicrobial peptide homologs from the skin secretion of the fukien gold - striped pond frog , pelophylax plancyi fukienensis : identification by ' shotgun ' cdna cloning and sequence analysis .\nzhou m . , chen t . , walker b . , shaw c . peptides 27 : 36 - 41 ( 2006 ) [ pubmed ] [ europe pmc ] [ abstract ]\nhylarana fukienensis \u2014 chen , murphy , lathrop , ngo , orlov , ho , and somorjai , 2005 , herpetol . j . , 15 : 237 , by implication .\nrana fukienensis pope , 1929 , am . mus . novit . , 352 : 4 . holotype : amnh 29182 , by original designation . type locality :\nfutsing hsien [ = fuqing county ] , northeastern fukien [ = fujian ] province , china\n.\npelophylax fukienensis \u2014 fei , ye , huang , jiang , and xie , 2005 , in fei et al . ( eds . ) , illust . key chinese amph . : 110 . frost , grant , faivovich , bain , haas , haddad , de s\u00e1 , channing , wilkinson , donnellan , raxworthy , campbell , blotto , moler , drewes , nussbaum , lynch , green , and wheeler , 2006 , bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 297 : 369 ; che , pang , zhao , wu , zhao , and zhang , 2007 , mol . phylogenet . evol . , 43 : 1 - 13 ; by implication .\nrana fukienensis \u2014 kuramoto , 1983 , sci . rep . lab . amph . biol . hiroshima univ . , 6 : 264 - 266 ; kawamura , 1985 , saishu to shiku , 47 : 259 ; dubois , 1992 , bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon , 61 : 332 .\nrana plancyi fukienensis \u2014 boring , 1938\n1938\u20131939\n, peking nat . hist . bull . , 13 : 102 ; kashiwagi , 1994 , sci . rep . lab . amph . biol . hiroshima univ . , 13 : 245 ; zhao and adler , 1993 , herpetol . china : 146 - 147 .\nbioinformatic analysis of the ranakinestatin - ppf biosynthetic precursor with homologs reported from other amphibian sources . accession numbers for cited sequences are pelophylax plancyi fukienensis ranakinestatin - ppf ( hg518554 ) , amolops mantzorum antimicrobial peptide mantzorumin - b 1 ( adm34242 ) , odorrana grahami odorranaopin ( adp37000 ) , odorrana schmackeri ranakinestatin - os ( hg518555 ) , and bombina maxima skin kininogen - 2 ( p83055 ) . ( a ) comparison of putative n - terminal signal peptide domains of respective biosynthetic precursors . sites of amino acid differences are indicated with asterisks ( 6 / 22 ) . ( b ) comparison of acid spacer peptide domains of respective biosynthetic precursors . sites of amino acid differences are indicated with asterisks ( 4 / 20 ) . note that this domain terminates in the conserved basic amino acid residue doublet ( - kr - ) ( indicated in italics and underlined ) that represents the site of propeptide convertase cleavage generating the mature peptide . ( c ) comparison of mature ( ranakinestatin ) peptide domains of respective biosynthetic precursors . sites of amino acid differences are indicated with asterisks ( 4 / 17 ) . ( d ) the full - length sequence of bombina maxima skin kininogen - 2 indicating domains containing ( 1 ) the fully conserved ranakinestatin residues 1\u20139 , ( 2 ) the bradykinin receptor agonist peptide , maximakinin ( syn . bombinakinin m ) , and ( 3 ) the bradykinin b 2 - receptor antagonist peptide , kinestatin .\nthe defensive skin secretions of many amphibians are a rich source of bradykinins and bradykinin - related peptides ( brps ) . members of this peptide group are also common components of reptile and arthropod venoms due to their multiple biological functions that include induction of pain , effects on many smooth muscle types , and lowering systemic blood pressure . while most brps are bradykinin receptor agonists , some have curiously been found to be exquisite antagonists , such as the maximakinin gene - related peptide , kinestatin - a specific bradykinin b2 - receptor antagonist from the skin of the giant fire - bellied toad , bombina maxima . here , we describe the identification , structural and functional characterization of a heptadecapeptide ( dytirtrlhqglsrkiv ) , named ranakinestatin - ppf , from the skin of the chinese ranid frog , pelophylax plancyi fukienensis , representing a prototype of a novel class of bradykinin b2 - receptor specific antagonist . using a preconstricted preparation of rat tail arterial smooth muscle , a single dose of 10 ( - 6 ) m of the peptide effectively inhibited the dose - dependent relaxation effect of bradykinin between 10 ( - 11 ) m and 10 ( - 5 ) m and subsequently , this effect was pharmacologically - characterized using specific bradykinin b1 - ( desarg - hoe140 ) and b2 - receptor ( hoe140 ) antagonists ; the data from which demonstrated that the antagonism of the novel peptide was mediated through b2 - receptors . ranakinestatin - ppf - thus represents a prototype of an amphibian skin peptide family that functions as a bradykinin b2 - receptor antagonist herein demonstrated using mammalian vascular smooth muscle .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\njustification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , tolerance of a degree of habitat modification , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .\nthis species is known from zhejiang , jiangxi and fujian provinces in central china and taiwan , province of china . it has been recorded below 1 , 200m asl .\nthe population in taiwan , province of china , is declining , but the population in mainland china appears to be stable .\nit inhabits paddy fields , lotus ponds , ponds , marshes and ditches . it breeds in still water .\nhabitat destruction and degradation are major threats to this species , in particular infrastructure development and water pollution . it is also consumed locally .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\n* will not find nomina inquirenda ; use basic search ( above ) for that purpose .\nwill find all uses of\nhyl . . .\nanywhere in a record : e . g . , hylarana , hyla , hylidae , hylinae , hylaedactyla .\nwill find all uses of\n. . . hyla\nanywhere in a record : e . g . , hyla , hylidae , plectrohyla , ptychadena hylaea , adenomera hylaedactyla\nwill find all records that contain stand - alone uses of hyla : e . g . , hyla , hyla arenicolor\ninterprets this as\nlithobates or pipiens\nso will find the union of all records that contain either\nlithobates\nor\npipiens\n: e . g . , lithobates omiltemanus , hylorana pipiens\ninterprets this as\nlithobates and pipiens\nso will return all records that have the character string\nlithobates pipiens\nanywhere within a record : e . g . , all members of the lithobates pipiens complex .\nrana lighti taylor , 1934 , lingnan sci . j . , canton , 13 : 306 . holotype : eht - hms 29836 ( formerly eht 1044 ) , by original designation ; now uimnh 25051 according to xxx . type locality :\namoy , fukien [ = fujian ]\n, china . synonymy by liu and hu , 1961 , tailless amph . china : 166 ; dubois , 1992 , bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon , 61 : 332 ; zhao and adler , 1993 , herpetol . china : 369 .\nfutsing hsien frog ( frank and ramus , 1995 , compl . guide scient . common names amph . rept . world : 107 ) .\nplease note : these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the american museum of natural history . we are not responsible for their content .\nfor access to available specimen data for this species , from over 350 scientific collections , go to vertnet .\ncopyright \u00a9 1998 - 2018 , darrel frost and the american museum of natural history . all rights reserved .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\n< p > the annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a uniprotkb entry or proteome . this score < strong > cannot < / strong > be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the \u2018correct annotation\u2019 for any given protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / annotation _ score ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein . note that the \u2018protein existence\u2019 evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence ( s ) displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ existence ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides any useful information about the protein , mostly biological knowledge . < p > < a href = ' / help / function _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > manually curated information which has been propagated from a related experimentally characterized protein . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000250\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > the < a href =\nurltoken\n> gene ontology ( go ) < / a > project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories : < p > < a href = ' / help / gene _ ontology ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > uniprotkb keywords constitute a < a href =\nurltoken\n> controlled vocabulary < / a > with a hierarchical structure . keywords summarise the content of a uniprotkb entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest . < p > < a href = ' / help / keywords ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides information about the protein and gene name ( s ) and synonym ( s ) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / names _ and _ taxonomy _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein , from commonly used to obsolete , to allow unambiguous identification of a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ names ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > manually curated information that is based on statements in scientific articles for which there is no experimental support . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000303\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides information on the name ( s ) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / organism - name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > manually validated information which has been imported from another database . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000312\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section shows the unique identifier assigned by the ncbi to the source organism of the protein . this is known as the \u2018taxonomic identifier\u2019 or \u2018taxid\u2019 . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ identifier ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> names and taxonomy < / a > section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism . it lists the nodes as they appear top - down in the taxonomic tree , with the more general grouping listed first . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ lineage ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell . < p > < a href = ' / help / subcellular _ location _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > manual validated information which has been generated by the uniprotkb automatic annotation system . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000255\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000269\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > inferred from direct assay < / p > < p > used to indicate a direct assay for the function , process or component indicated by the go term . < / p > < p > more information in the < a href =\nurltoken\n> go evidence code guide < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section describes post - translational modifications ( ptms ) and / or processing events . < p > < a href = ' / help / ptm _ processing _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018ptm / processing\u2019 section denotes the presence of an n - terminal signal peptide . < p > < a href = ' / help / signal ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> ptm / processing < / a > section describes a propeptide , which is a part of a protein that is cleaved during maturation or activation . once cleaved , a propeptide generally has no independent biological function . < p > < a href = ' / help / propep ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > manually curated information which has been inferred by a curator based on his / her scientific knowledge or on the scientific content of an article . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000305\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018ptm / processing\u2019 section describes the position and length of an active peptide in the mature protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / peptide ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the ptm / processing\n: / help / ptm _ processing _ section section describes the positions of cysteine residues participating in disulfide bonds . < p > < a href = ' / help / disulfid ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mrna or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms . < p > < a href = ' / help / expression _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018expression\u2019 section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mrna or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms . by default , the information is derived from experiments at the mrna level , unless specified \u2018at protein level\u2019 . < br > < / br > examples : < a href =\nurltoken\n> p92958 < / a > , < a href =\nurltoken\n> q8tdn4 < / a > , < a href =\nurltoken\n> o14734 < / a > < p > < a href = ' / help / tissue _ specificity ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain ( s ) present in a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / family _ and _ domains _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018family and domains\u2019 section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ similarities ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry . it also includes information pertinent to the sequence ( s ) , including < a href =\nurltoken\n> length < / a > and < a href =\nurltoken\n> molecular weight < / a > . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequences _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> sequence < / a > section indicates if the < a href =\nurltoken\n> canonical sequence < / a > displayed by default in the entry is complete or not . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the < a href =\nurltoken\n> sequence < / a > section indicates if the < a href =\nurltoken\n> canonical sequence < / a > displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ processing ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > the checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence . it is useful for tracking sequence updates . < / p > < p > it should be noted that while , in theory , two different sequences could have the same checksum value , the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low . < / p > < p > however uniprotkb may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes ( paralogs ) . < / p > < p > the checksum is computed as the sequence 64 - bit cyclic redundancy check value ( crc64 ) using the generator polynomial : x < sup > 64 < / sup > + x < sup > 4 < / sup > + x < sup > 3 < / sup > + x + 1 . the algorithm is described in the iso 3309 standard . < / p > < p class =\npublication\n> press w . h . , flannery b . p . , teukolsky s . a . and vetterling w . t . < br / > < strong > cyclic redundancy and other checksums < / strong > < br / > < a href =\nurltoken\n> numerical recipes in c 2nd ed . , pp896 - 902 , cambridge university press ( 1993 ) < / a > ) < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018sequence\u2019 section reports information derived from mass spectrometry experiments done on the entire protein or on biologically active derived peptide ( s ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / mass _ spectrometry ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence ( s ) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds ( 100 % , 90 % and 50 % ) based on their membership in uniprot reference clusters ( < a href =\nurltoken\n> uniref < / a > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / similar _ proteins _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than uniprotkb . < p > < a href = ' / help / cross _ references _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section provides general information on the entry . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ information _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018entry information\u2019 section provides a mnemonic identifier for a uniprotkb entry , but it is not a stable identifier . each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into uniprotkb / swiss - prot . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018entry information\u2019 section provides one or more accession number ( s ) . these are stable identifiers and should be used to cite uniprotkb entries . upon integration into uniprotkb , each entry is assigned a unique accession number , which is called \u2018primary ( citable ) accession number\u2019 . < p > < a href = ' / help / accession _ numbers ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018entry information\u2019 section shows the date of integration of the entry into uniprotkb , the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ( \u2018last modified\u2019 ) . the version number for both the entry and the < a href =\nurltoken\n> canonical sequence < / a > are also displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ history ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this subsection of the \u2018entry information\u2019 section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by uniprotkb curators or not , in other words , if the entry belongs to the swiss - prot section of uniprotkb ( < strong > reviewed < / strong > ) or to the computer - annotated trembl section ( < strong > unreviewed < / strong > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this section contains any relevant information that doesn\u2019t fit in any other defined sections < p > < a href = ' / help / miscellaneous _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nma j 1 , luo y 1 , ge l 1 , wang l 1 , zhou m 1 , zhang y 2 , duan j 3 , chen t 1 , shaw c 1 .\nnatural drug discovery group , school of pharmacy , queen ' s university , belfast bt9 7bl , uk .\njiangsu key laboratory for traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) formulae research , nanjing university of chinese medicine , nanjing , china .\npmid : 25161395 pmcid : pmc4000668 doi : 10 . 1155 / 2014 / 564839\n( a ) electrospray ms spectrum of a sample from reverse phase hplc fraction # 100 that contained bradykinin inhibitory activity . the doubly charged ion ( m / z 1029 . 30 ) , triply charged ion ( m / z 686 . 99 ) , and quadruply charged ion ( m / z 515 . 59 ) of a peptide with a parent mass of 2056 . 4 da were detected . ( b ) ms / ms fragmentation spectrum of the doubly charged ion at m / z 1029 . 30 . ( c ) theoretical singly and doubly charged b - and y - ion series arising from ms / ms fragmentation of the bradykinin inhibitory peptide with observed ions indicated in bold typeface and underlined .\n( a ) bradykinin dose - response curves using rat arterial smooth muscle in the absence ( \u25a0 ) and presence ( \u25cf ) of ranakinestatin - ppf ( generic name qub2056 ) at a single dose of 10 \u22126 m . ( b ) relaxation effect of bradykinin on rat arterial smooth muscle at a single dose of 10 \u22126 m and the effect of pretreatment with ranakinestatin - ppf ( qub 2056 ) at 10 \u22126 m ( p < 0 . 001 ) , the bradykinin b 2 - receptor antagonist , hoe140 ( 3 \u00d7 10 \u22127 m ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) , and the bradykinin - b 1 - antagonist , desarg - hoe - 140 ( 3 \u00d7 10 \u22127 m ) ( ns\u2014not significant ) . all data points represent the mean \u00b1 sem of seven applications .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 829, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia amplexata is a moth in the family geometridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in china , russia and japan .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 17 \u2013 20 mm . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "eupithecia amplexata", "paragraphs": ["vad betyder eupithecia ? h\u00e4r finner du 2 definitioner av eupithecia . du kan \u00e4ven l\u00e4gga till betydelsen av eupithecia sj\u00e4lv\neupithecia \u00e4r ett sl\u00e4kte av fj\u00e4rilar som beskrevs av curtis 1825 . eupithecia ing\u00e5r i familjen m\u00e4tare .\nash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )\nhave a fact about eupithecia miserulata ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for eupithecia miserulata ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\neupithecia - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\n( a question mark next to a word above means that we couldn ' t find it , but clicking the word might provide spelling suggestions . )\nnot helpful ? you might try using the wildcards * and ? to find the word you ' re looking for . for example , use\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !\nif you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .\nplease consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsubscription or article purchase required to access item . to verify subscription , access previous purchase , or purchase article , log in to journal .\nhtml public\ni / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 836, "summary": [{"text": "acanthophila silvania is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in russia , where it is known only from the southern part of primorsky krai .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 11.5-12 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are dark grey with a light grey oblique line at three-fourths of the wing length and four blackish spots , found at the middle and end of the cell , at one-fourth and at the middle of the anal fold .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are also three spots at the middle of the wing .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "these are edged by light scales .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the apex and termen are outlined by blackish scales at first , and by whitish scales further on .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "acanthophila silvania", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for silvania definition . you find here silvania meaning , synonyms of silvania and images for silvania copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word silvania . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word silvania and , of course , silvania synonyms and on the right images related to the word silvania .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nfor full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .\nsacullus with lobe on ventral margin at the middle . aedeagus with 3 cornuti : o\napices of right and left dorsal cornuti are level with one another ( figs 3 , 4 ) . .\neuparal , m . ponomarenko ) , same locality , 15 , 21 . vii 1990\non the upper margin ; third segment with narrow whitish stroke on the upper margin .\nthe base of right cornuti . pair of right cornuti with common base , arising from near\nix and viii segments almost 2 times longer than length of papillae anales . papillae\nvinculum , and by aedeagus with four cornuti in male genitalia . in female genitalia\nshorter , needle - like and straight . lateral left cornutus slightly sinuous , thicker and\ngrey on outer and inner sides without whitish scales at the top of every segment .\n[ tibet ] ) ; li , 2002 : 378 , fig . 429 ; pl\nupper margin ; third segment dark grey basally only and whitish distally . thorax and\ntrudy an lithuanian ssr 2 ( 74 ) : 77 - 86 . ( in\n, emel & apos ; yanov , i . m . 1984 . [ rev\nin : karsholt , o . & razowski , j . ( eds ) .\nin : wytsman , p . ( ed . ) . genera insectorum . bruxelles , 184 :\nin : lerh , p . a . ( ed . ) . opredelitel\u2019 nasekom\nnauka publ . leningrad 4 ( 2 ) : 659 - 748 ( in russian ) .\n. . . diagnosis . the wingspan 14 - 16 mm ; the forewing grey with longitudinal dark - grey strokes ; right cucullus with the strong sclerotized processes , arising from its outer 2 surface , and uncus evenly narrowed distally in the male genitalia ( figs 1 , 2 ) ; ovipositor short , viii sternite sclerotized beyond the ostium and signum emarginated on the anterior and posterior margins in the female genitalia ( figs 3 , 4 ) ( ponomarenko , 1989 ; 1999 ) . material . . . .\ngelechiid fauna of baengnyeongdo , daecheongdo , and yeonpyeongdo in the west sea near north korea , wi . . .\nin the faunistic survey on three islands ( baengnyeongdo , decheongdo , and yeonpyeongdo ) in the northern west sea of the korean peninsula , 37 species of gelechiidae ( gelechioidea ) are recognized . of them , anarsia asymmetrodes park , sp . nov . and aristotelia nesiotatos park , sp . nov . are described as new to science and stenolechia kodamai okada is reported for the first time in korea .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nyou are currently seeing a feature reduced version of this site , please use a javascript enabled browser for full functionality to be unlocked .\nion contains the organism names related data gathered from the scientific literature for clarivate analytics ' zoological record \u00ae database . viruses , bacteria and plant names will be added from other clarivate databases such as biosis previews \u00ae .\nplease use words like\nwho , what , where , when , why , how , etc . . .\nin your question .\nnothing to ask ? click here for a random , un - answered question .\ncan ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic ."]}
{"id": 837, "summary": [{"text": "euhadra sadoensis is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family bradybaenidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species is found in japan . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "euhadra sadoensis", "paragraphs": ["- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : euhadra sadoensis ( h . a . pilsbry & y . hirase , 1903 ) - id : 4550904095\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ngland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) \u2013 australia\u2019s unique reptiles \u2013 including lizards and snakes \u2013 face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .\nthe value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .\na recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\n- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnumber of names appearing only in this repository : 295608 ( 30 . 42 % )\ndata url : http : / / 10 . 19 . 19 . 226 / gni _ resources / 11 _ gni . xml\ngodochosha no . 5 , kasumigaseki 1 - 2 - 2 , chiyoda - ku , tokyo 100 - 8975 , japan . location\ntel : + 81 - ( 0 ) 3 - 3581 - 3351 e - mail : https / / www . env . go . jp / en / moemail /"]}
{"id": 843, "summary": [{"text": "tetragnatha virescens , is a species of spider of the genus tetragnatha .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "it is found in bangladesh , sri lanka to indonesia , and philippines .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the species is more commonly found during the early vegetative growth stage of the rice plant , where they are important predators .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "male is about 5.9 to 7.8 mm in length without chelicerae .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "anterior row of eyes occupying the full width of carapace .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "maxilla are nearly parallel .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "all legs with spines and hair .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "female is larger than male , usually about 6.55 to 8.25 mm in length .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "body is light green in color , which is suitable for the survival among paddy leaves . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "tetragnatha virescens", "paragraphs": ["no one has contributed data records for tetragnatha virescens yet . learn how to contribute .\ntetragnatha virescens okuma , 1979a : 73 , f . 1 - 9 ( d m f ) . tetragnatha virescens vungsilabutr , 1988 : 70 , f . 4a - i ( m f ) . tetragnatha virescens okuma , 1988c : 194 , f . 9a - k ( m f ) . tetragnatha virescens okuma et al . , 1993 : 41 , f . 37a - g ( m f ) . tetragnatha virescens barrion & litsinger , 1994 : 324 , f . 1707 - 1710 , 1713 - 1714 ( m f ) . tetragnatha virescens barrion & litsinger , 1995 : 302 , f . 307a - e , 308a - i ( m f ) . tetragnatha virescens zhu , song & zhang , 2003 : 193 , f . 104a - g , 105a - g ( m f ) .\ntetragnatha virescens ( okuma ) and tetragnatha javana ( thorell ) - six tetragnatha species are common in rice fields . all are web builders belonging to the family tetragnathidae . of these , t . virescens okuma and t . javana ( thorell ) are the most common during the early vegetative growth stage of the rice plant .\nokuma , c . ( 1979a ) . a new species of the genus tetragnatha ( araneae : tetragnathidae ) from tropical asia . esakia 14 : 73 - 77 . - - show included taxa\nvungsilabutr , w . ( 1988 ) . the spider genus tetragnatha in the paddy fields of thailand ( araneae : tetragnathidae ) . thai journal of agricultural science 21 : 63 - 74 . - - show included taxa\nokuma , c . ( 1988c ) . a revision of the genus tetragnatha latreille ( araneae , tetragnathidae ) of asia , part ii . journal of the faculty of agriculture kyushu university 32 : 183 - 213 . - - show included taxa\nlsid : [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 014389 ]\nbarrion , a . t . & litsinger , j . a . ( 1994 ) . taxonomy of rice insect pests and their arthropod parasites and predators . in : heinrichs , e . a . ( ed . ) biology and management of rice insects . wiley eastern , new delhi , pp . 13 - 15 , 283 - 359 . - - show included taxa\nbarrion , a . t . & litsinger , j . a . ( 1995 ) . riceland spiders of south and southeast asia . cab international , wallingford , uk , xix + 700 pp . - - show included taxa\nokuma , c . , kamal , n . q . , hirashima , y . , alam , m . z . & ogata , k . ( 1993 ) . illustrated monograph of the rice field spiders of bangladesh . institute of postgraduate studies in agriculture ( salna , gazipur , bangladesh ) . japan international cooperation agency project publication , 1 , 93 pp . - - show included taxa\nzhu , m . s . , song , d . x . & zhang , j . x . ( 2003 ) . fauna sinica : invertebrata vol . 35 : arachnida : araneae : tetragnathidae . science press , beijing , vii + 418 pp . - - show included taxa\n( oi . ) - the smallest of all rice field spiders . has a strong preference for young instar nymphs of hoppers . it can kill at least fifty second instar nymphs of green leafhoppers per day . atypena belongs to the family linyphiidae commonly known as dwarf spiders .\noxyopes javanus ( thorell ) - common name lynx spider , is a member of the family oxyopidae . it is an excellent hunter of immature and adult rice insect pests because of its hexagonal eye pattern . an adult consumes two to three leaf folder moths per day .\nargiope catenulata ( doleschall ) is a large , beautiful , web - spinning spider . its large , sticky web is effective in catching flying pests , such as the short - horned grasshopper and other flies .\nin the next lesson , we will learn about important beetles in the rice field .\nyour browser doesn ' t support javascript or you have disabled javascript . please enable javascript , then refresh this page . javascript is required on this site .\neuropean union funding : for a one - year period ( 2017 - 12 - 16 to 2018 - 12 - 15 ) , eppo has been awarded an eu grant for the further development of the eppo code system ( agreement nb : sante / 2017 / gs / eppo / s12 . 768842 ) . the eu commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information from this project subsequently included in the eppo global database .\nthis translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nokuma , c . , kamal , n . q . , hirashima , y . , alam , m . z . & ogata , k . ( 1993 ) . illustrated monograph of the rice field spiders of bangladesh . institute of postgraduate studies in agriculture ( salna , gazipur , bangladesh ) . japan international cooperation agency project publication , 1 , 93 pp ."]}
{"id": 844, "summary": [{"text": "neargyractis slossonalis , the dimorphic leafcutter moth , is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by dyar in 1906 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in cuba and the south-eastern united states , where it has been recorded from alabama , florida , south carolina , georgia and mississippi .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 13 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing year round .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "larvae are aquatic and live amongst submerged roots of plants growing in and along streams and lakes .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "they feed on young roots and periphyton .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae are pale to light grey-brown with a dark brown head .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "full-grown larvae reach a length of about 20 mm .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "pupation takes place underwater amongst the roots . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "neargyractis slossonalis", "paragraphs": ["species neargyractis slossonalis - dimorphic leafcutter moth - hodges # 4769 - bugguide . net\nneargyractis slossonalis ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , nymphulinae ) : larval description and biological notes dale h . habeck . 1988 . the florida entomologist 71 ( 4 ) : 588 - 592 .\nthe mature larva of neargyractis slossonalis ( dyar ) is described and illustrated . larvae of this southeastern united states species live among submerged roots of plants growing in or along streams and lakes . larvae ingest young roots , but may also feed on periphyton . pupation occurs under water among the roots .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndyar , h . g . 1906 . the north american nymphlinae and scopariinae .\nthe north american nymphulin\u00e6 and scopariin\u00e6 harrison g . dyar . 1906 . journal of the new york entomological society 14 ( 2 ) : 77 - 107 .\ncheck list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . hodges , et al . ( editors ) . 1983 . e . w . classey , london . 284 pp .\narthropods of florida and neighboring land areas : lepidoptera of florida j . b . heppner . 2003 . florida department of agriculture 17 ( 1 ) : 1 - 670 .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 26 may , 2013 - 8 : 02pm last updated 23 october , 2013 - 5 : 28pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nthis translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations ."]}
{"id": 846, "summary": [{"text": "catocala distorta is a moth in the erebidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by butler in 1889 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in india ( himachal pradesh ) .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the species is 52 millimetres ( 2.0 in ) long and is different from catocala nymphaea by being more brown and having much duller thorax and forewing . ", "topic": 22}], "title": "catocala distorta", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about catocala distorta ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for catocala distorta ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\ncatocala staudingeri beutenm\u00fcller , 1907 ; ( repl . catocala aspasia staudinger , 1897 )\neine neue catocala - art aus dem ussurigebiete . catocala kotshubeji ( spec . nov . )\ncatocala fraxini yunnanensis mell , 1936 ; ; tl : nw . yunnan , likian\ncatocala tapestrina forresti mell , 1939 ; ; tl : w . yunnan , likiang\ncatocala timur richteri wiltshire , 1961 ; ; tl : s . iran , transhahar\ncatocala pataloides mell , 1931 ; ; tl : n . kwangtung , lung tao shan\ncatocala permanans hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 50\n= catocala delilah desdemona h . edwards , 1882 ; [ nacl ] , # 8835a\ncatocala blandula hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 35\ncatocala xarippe butler , 1877 ; cistula ent . 2 : 243 ; tl : japan , hakodate\ncatocala szechuena hampson , 1913 ; ; tl : w . china , ta - chien - lu\ndescription d ' une nouvelle sous - esp\u00e8ce fran\u00e7aise de catocala conjuncta esper ( lep . noctuidae )\ncatocala adultera m\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s , 1856 ; etud . ent . 5 : 47 ; tl : st . petersburg\ncatocala deuteronympha kuangtungensis mell , 1931 ; ; tl : china , n . kwangtung , tsha yuen shan\ncatocala badia grote & robinson , 1866 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 6 : 22\ncatocala jair strecker , 1897 ; ent . news 8 ( 5 ) : 116 ; tl : florida\nnotes and additions to barnes ' and mcdunnough ' s illustrations of n . a . species of catocala\ncatocala zalmunna butler , 1877 ; cistula ent . 2 : 241 ; tl : japan , yokohama , hakodate\ncatocala jezoensis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 775 ; tl : japan\ncatocala nupta obscurata oberth\u00fcr , 1880 ; \u00e9tud . d ' ent . 5 : 86 ; tl : askold\ncatocala texanae french , 1902 ; can . ent . 34 ( 4 ) : 98 ; tl : texas\ncatocala sinuosa grote , 1879 ; can . ent . 11 ( 1 ) : 15 ; tl : florida\ncatocala mira grote , 1876 ; can . ent . 8 ( 12 ) : 230 ; tl : usa\nbeitr\u00e4ge zur fauna sinica . xi . zur biologie und systematik der chinesischen catocala ( lep . heter . )\ncatocala pacta deserta kozhanchikov , 1925 ; jb . martjanov staatmus . minussinsk , 6 : 81 ; tl : minusinsk\ncatocala vestalis boisduval , 1829 ; eur . lepid . index meth . : errata et addena , p . 7\ncatocala ulalume strecker , 1878 ; lep . rhopal . het . ( 14 ) : 132 ; tl : texas\ncatocala frederici grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 14 ; tl : texas\ncatocala herodias strecker , 1876 ; lep . rhopal . het . ( 13 ) : 121 ; tl : texas\ncatocala orba kuznezov , 1903 ; revue russe ent . 3 : 166 , f . 2 ; tl : texas\ncatocala manitoba beutenm\u00fcller , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 2 ) : 54 ; tl : manitoba , cartwright\ncatocala nupta japonica mell , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 67 ; tl : japan ?\ncatocala piatrix dionyza h . edwards , 1884 ; papilio 4 ( 7 / 8 ) : 124 ; tl : arizona\ncatocala badia coelebs ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245\ncatocala elda behrens , 1887 ; can . ent . 19 ( 10 ) : 199 ; tl : oregon , portland\ncatocala dotata walker , [ 1858 ] ; ( preocc . herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , 1851 ) ; tl : n . hindostan\ncatocala lupina kastshenkoi sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 60 ; tl : transcaucasia , jelisavetpol\ncatocala dejecta strecker , 1880 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 2 : 97 ; tl : [ north america ]\ncatocala elizabeth cassino , 1918 ; lepidopterist 2 ( 7 ) : 53 , f . 4 ; tl : california , truckee\ncatocala abbreviatella grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 14 ; tl : texas , usa\ncatocala adultera ; [ ne10 ] : 97 , pl . 6 , f . 4 - 5 , gen . 49 , 147\ncatocala conjuncta perrettei seyer , 1976 ; bull . soc . ent . mulhouse , 1976 : 24 ; tl : france , donzere\ncatocala conversa ; [ ne10 ] : 90 , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 3 , gen . 42 , 140\ncatocala lupina detrita warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 311 , pl . 56 e ; tl : uralsk\ncatocala detrita ; [ ne10 ] : 108 , pl . 7 , f . 17 - 19 , gen . 61 , 159\ncatocala deuteronympha tschiliensis bang - haas , 1927 ; ; tl : [ china ] chingan mts . , lin si hein , tschili\ncatocala dilecta ; [ ne10 ] : 104 , pl . 7 , f . 7 - 8 , gen . 58 , 156\ncatocala disjuncta ; [ ne10 ] : 88 , pl . 4 , f . 45 - 48 , gen . 40 , 138\ncatocala diversa ; [ ne10 ] : 93 , pl . 5 , f . 15 - 18 , gen . 45 , 144\ncatocala electa ; [ ne10 ] : 99 , pl . 6 , f . 8 - 9 , gen . 52 , 150\ncatocala elocata ; [ ne10 ] : 100 , pl . 6 , f . 10 - 11 , gen . 53 , 151\ncatocala eutychea ; [ ne10 ] : 87 , pl . 4 , f . 37 - 40 , gen . 38 , 136\ncatocala fraxini ; [ ne10 ] : 95 , pl . 5 , f . 23 - 26 , gen . 48 , 146\ncatocala fulminea ; [ ne10 ] : 85 , pl . 4 , f . 31 - 33 , gen . 36 , 134\ncatocala hymenaea ; [ ne10 ] : 94 , pl . 5 , f . 19 - 22 , gen . 47 , 145\ncatocala kotschubeyi sheljuzhko , 1927 ; lep . rdsch . 1 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : s . ussuri , shutshan\ncatocala lupina ; [ ne10 ] : 107 , pl . 7 , f . 14 - 16 , gen . 60 , 158\ncatocala mariana ; [ ne10 ] : 88 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 44 , gen . 39 , 137\ncatocala neonympha ; [ ne10 ] : 90 , pl . 5 , f . 4 - 6 , gen . 43 , 141\ncatocala nupta clara osthelder , 1933 ; mitt . m\u00fcnch . ent . ges . 23 : 93 ; tl : turkey , marasch\ncatocala nymphaea ; [ ne10 ] : 86 , pl . 4 , f . 34 - 36 , gen . 37 , 137\ncatocala nymphagoga ; [ ne10 ] : 91 , pl . 5 , f . 7 - 10 , gen . 44 , 142\ncatocala nymphagoga albimixta warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 312 , pl . 57 f ; tl : tunisia\ncatocala nymphagoga grisea warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 313 , pl . 57 f ; tl : tunisia\ncatocala oberthueri ; [ ne10 ] : 101 , pl . 6 , f . 12 - 13 , gen . 54 , 152\ncatocala optata ; [ ne10 ] : 109 , pl . 7 , f . 23 - 25 , gen . 63 , 161\ncatocala pacta ; [ ne10 ] : 108 , pl . 7 , f . 20 - 22 , gen . 62 , 160\ncatocala promissa ; [ ne10 ] : 106 , pl . 7 , f . 11 - 13 , gen . 64 , 162\ncatocala proxeneta sutschana sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 60 ; tl : ussuri region , sutshan\ncatocala sponsa ; [ ne10 ] : 105 , pl . 7 , f . 9 - 10 , gen . 59 , 157\ncatocala piatrix grote , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 3 : 88 ; tl : new york , usa\ncatocala serena edwards , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 ( 4 ) : 510 ; tl : philadelphia\ncatocala beutenmuelleri barnes & mcdunnough , 1910 ; can . ent . 42 ( 7 ) : 251 ; tl : utah , provo\ncatocala miranda h . edwards , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 7 ) : 118 ; tl : washington , d . c .\ncatocala fraxini var . latefasciata warnecke , 1919 ; int . ent . z . 13 : 25 ; tl : amur region , ussuri\ncatocala mariana rambur , 1858 ; cat . syst . l\u00e9pid . andalousie : pl . 9 , f . 4 ; tl : spain\ncatocala nupta likiangensis mell , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 69 ; tl : nw . yunnan , likiang\ncatocala disjuncta var . fumigata kuznezov , 1903 ; revue russe ent . 3 : 76 ( repl . disjuncta var . luctuosa staudinger )\ncatocala retecta grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 4 ; tl : middle states [ usa ]\ncatocala luctuosa hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 53 ; tl :\nmiddle and western states\ncatocala chelidonia grote , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 9 ) : 159 ; tl : prescott , [ yavapai co . ] , arizona\ncatocala clintoni grote , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 3 : 89 ; tl : eastern states [ usa ]\ncatocala lineella ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3f\ncatocala caerulea beutenm\u00fcller , 1907 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 23 ( 36 ) : 938 ; tl : oregon\ncatocala stretchii var . margherita beutenm\u00fcller , 1918 ; lepidopterist 2 ( 9 - 10 ) : 65 ; tl : california , mendocino co .\ncatocala praeclara grote & robinson , 1866 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 6 : 25 ; tl : new york , usa\ncatocala grisatra brower , 1936 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 31 : 96 , f . 1 ; tl : georgia , athens\ncatocala dilecta laetita schawerda , 1931 ; zs . \u00f6st . entver . 16 ( fortsetzung ) : 35 ; tl : corsica , vizzavona , evisa\ncatocala fraxini legionensis g\u00f3mez bustillo & vega escandon , 1975 ; shilap rev . lepid . 3 : 224 ; tl : leon , villanueva de carrizo\ncatocala nupta alticola mell , 1942 ; mitt . dt . ent . ges . 11 : 55 ; tl : batang , atuntse [ china ]\ncatocala lincolnana brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 34 , f . 3 ; tl : lincoln co . , arkansas\ncatocala dulciola grote , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : vicinity of dayton , [ montgomery co . ] , ohio\nthe reason why catocala eggs are occasionally deposited on plants upon which the larva cannot survive ; and a new variation ( lepid . , noctuidae )\ncatocala flebilis ; [ nacl ] , # 8782 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246\ncatocala vidua ; guen\u00e9e , 1852 , hist . nat . ins . , spec . g\u00e9n . l\u00e9pid . 7 ( noct . 3 ) : 94\ncatocala minerva cassino , 1917 ; lepidopterist 1 ( 8 ) : 63 , pl . f . ; tl : utah , provo canyon , deer creek\ncatocala jessica h . edwards , 1877 ; proc . cal . acad . sc . : 1 ; tl : california , kern co . , havilah\ncatocala messalina ; [ nacl ] , # 8845 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260\ncatocala clintoni ; [ nacl ] , # 8872 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245\ncatocala consors ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8772\ncatocala epione ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8773\ncatocala antinympha ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8775\ncatocala judith ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8781\ncatocala obscura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8784\ncatocala sappho ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8786\ncatocala agrippina ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8787\ncatocala dejecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8790\ncatocala vidua ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8792\ncatocala neogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8798\ncatocala aholibah ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8800\ncatocala ilia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8801\ncatocala relicta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8803\ncatocala unijuga ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8805\ncatocala irene ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8807\ncatocala luciana ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8808\ncatocala faustina ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8811\ncatocala hermia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8812\ncatocala pura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8819\ncatocala hippolyta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8823\ncatocala babayaga ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8824\ncatocala jessica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8825\ncatocala junctura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8829\ncatocala texanae ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8830\ncatocala concumbens ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8833\ncatocala delilah ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8835\ncatocala andromache ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8836\ncatocala andromache wellsi johnson , 1981 ; j . research lepid . 20 : 245 , f . 1 ; tl : california , amador co . , jackson\ncatocala illecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8840\ncatocala nuptialis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8842\ncatocala amestris ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8844\ncatocala gerhardi barnes & benjamin , 1927 ; can . ent . 59 : 8 ; tl : n [ ew ] , j [ ersey ] , lakehurst\ncatocala violenta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8853\ncatocala verrilliana var . ophelia h . edwards , 1880 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 2 : 95 ; tl : california , mendocino co .\ncatocala ultronia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8857\ncatocala crataegi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8858\ncatocala johnsoniana brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 34 , f . 6 ; tl : kernville , kern co . , california\ncatocala grynea ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8864\ncatocala titania ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8868\ncatocala olivia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8870\ncatocala amica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8878\ncatocala jair ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8879\ncatocala brandtii hacker & kaut , 1999 ; esperiana 7 : 430 - 431 , pl . 23 , f . 9 - 10 ; tl : iran , esfahan\ncatocala unicuba walker , [ 1858 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 13 : 1210 ; tl : india , n . hindostan\ncatocala concubia walker , [ 1858 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 13 : 1210 ; tl : india , n . hindostan\ncatocala nozawae matsumura , 1911 ; thous . ins . japan ( suppl . ) 3 : 88 , pl . 37 , f . 1 ; tl : japan\ncatocala puerpera ; [ ne10 ] : 103 , pl . 7 , f . 1 - 4 , gen . 56 , 154 ; [ ne12 ] , 234\ncatocala residua grote , 1874 ; proc . boston soc . nat . hist . 16 : 242 ; tl :\nwest farms / new york city\n?\ncatocala retecta luctuosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8788a\ncatocala ilia zoe ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8801a\ncatocala marmorata edwards , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 ( 4 ) : 508 ; tl : ? [ error yreka , california ]\ncatocala irene valeria ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8807a\ncatocala cara carissima ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8832a\ncatocala andromache r . benjaminii brower , 1937 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 32 ( 5 ) : 185 ; tl : arizona , mojave co .\ncatocala californiensis brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 36 , f . 5 ; tl : valyermo , los angeles co . , california\ncatocala jansseni prout , 1924 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 3 ) : 453 , pl . 22 , f . 2 ; tl : china , ichang\ncatocala consors sorsconi barnes & benjamin , 1924 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 5 ( 3 ) : 174 ; tl : maine\ncatocala deducta ; [ ne10 ] : 102 , pl . 6 , f . 14 - 15 , pl . 11 , f . 32 , gen . 32 , 153\ncatocala elocata var . locata staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 327 ; tl : uzbek , taschkend , margelan\ncatocala nupta kansuensis o . bang - haas , 1927 ; horae macrolep . palaearct . 1 : 88 ; tl : w . liang - tschou , ricthofen mts , kansu\ncatocala robinsoni ; [ nacl ] , # 8780 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4d\ncatocala erichi brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 36 , f . 4 ; tl : green valley creek , san bernardino mts . , california\ncatocala sordida ; [ nacl ] , # 8846 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 252 , f . 5c\ncatocala andromedae ; [ nacl ] , # 8849 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 256 , f . 6a\ncatocala verrilliana ; [ nacl ] , # 8852 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 , f . 5d\ncatocala mira ; [ nacl ] , # 8863 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3g\ncatocala micronympha ; [ nacl ] , # 8876 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260 , f . 6g\ncatocala connubialis ; [ nacl ] , # 8877 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 258 , f . 6c\ncatocala remissa staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 328 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : ashabad\ncatocala thomsoni prout , 1924 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 3 ) : 452 , pl . 22 , f . 1 ; tl : n . china , tientsin\ncatocala alabamae grote , 1875 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 27 : 427 ; tl : demopolis [ marengo co . ] , ala [ bama ]\ncatocala shirozui sugi , 1982 ; ty\u00f4 to ga , 32 ( 3 , 4 ) : 155 , f . 14 - 15 ; tl : taiwan , lishan , nantou - hsien\ncatocala nupta ; [ ne10 ] : 98 , pl . 6 , f . 6 - 7 , pl . 11 , f . 29 - 31 , gen . 50 , 148\ncatocala atocala brou , 1985 ; proc . entomol . soc . wash . 87 ( 4 ) : 889 - 892 ; tl : edgard , st . john the baptist parish , louisiana\ncatocala optata atlantica le cerf , 1932 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 37 ( 11 ) : 164 ; tl : morocco , moyen atlas , oed beni bou n ' sor\ncatocala puerpera centralasiae sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 56 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : trans - caspia , kyzl - anvat\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8864 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 261 , f . 6h ( = catocala alabamae ? )\ncatocala ixion druce , 1890 ; biol . centr . - amer . , lep . heterocera 1 : 360 , 3 pl . 31 , f . 2 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , xucumanatlan\ncatocala aestimabilis staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 330 , pl . 4 , f . 12 ; tl : xinjiang , kaschgar , kysil jart\ncatocala sultana a . bang - haas , 1910 ; dt . ent . z . iris 24 ( 3 ) : 42 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ; tl : tunis , ain draham\ncatocala contemnenda staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 329 , pl . 4 , f . 11 ; tl : [ xinjiang ] kashgar , kysil jart\ncatocala atocala ; gall , peacock & slotten , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 1 ) : 1 - 4 , f . 1a - b ( larva ) , c ( ova )\ncatocala callinympha duponchel , [ 1842 ] ; in godart , hist . nat . l\u00e9pid . fr . ( suppl . ) 3 : 546 , pl . 46 , f . 4 ; tl : provence and dalmatia\n? catocala nagansi sugi , 1982 ; ty\u00f4 to ga , 32 ( 3 , 4 ) : 150 , f . 5 - 6 , gen . 12 ; tl : taiwan , between tachi and wenshan , taoyuan hsien\ncatocala lupina herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , [ 1851 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 2 ( 47 ) : 409 , ( 19 ) ( ix ) pl . 46 , f . 234 - 235 ; tl : sarepta\ncatocala nupta nuptialis staudinger , 1901 ; in staudinger & rebel , cat . lepid . palaearct . faunengeb . , 1 : 248 ( preocc . walker , [ 1858 ) ) ; tl : altai , ala tau , ili , issyk kul\ncatocala innubens ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8770 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259\ncatocala muliercula ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8774 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260\ncatocala serena ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8779 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240\ncatocala angusi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8783 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244\ncatocala insolabilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8791 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259\ncatocala lacrymosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8794 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259\ncatocala nebulosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8796 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240\ncatocala marmorata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8804 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239\ncatocala cara ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8832 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 257\ncatocala whitneyi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8843 ; metzler , 1987 , j . lep . soc . 41 ( 4 ) : 212 - 213\ncatocala similis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8873 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240\ncatocala coccinata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8851 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245 , 2e\ncatocala briseis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8817 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 235 , f 1a\ncatocala piatrix ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8771 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 3j\ncatocala badia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8777 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2d\ncatocala habilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8778 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 3d\ncatocala residua ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8785 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4b\ncatocala retecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8788 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4c\ncatocala palaeogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8795 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260 , f . 6i\ncatocala subnata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8797 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 252 , f . 5b\ncatocala umbrosa ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : ( 48 - 50 ) ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : 3 , insert c ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : ( 85 - 86 )\ncatocala cerogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8802 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 257 , f . 6d\ncatocala parta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8806 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 261 , f . 6j\ncatocala californica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8814 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1b\ncatocala semirelicta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8821 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4f\ncatocala meskei ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8822 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3e\ncatocala frederici ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8837 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 3b\ncatocala chelidonia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8838 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2f\ncatocala abbreviatella ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8841 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 243 , f . 2a\ncatocala gracilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8847 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1c\ncatocala praeclara ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8865 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 3h\ncatocala dulciola ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8871 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 2g\ncatocala minuta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8874 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1d\ncatocala coccinata sinuosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8851a ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4h\ncatocala alabamae ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8869 ; brou , 1988 , j . lep . soc . 42 ( 2 ) : 117 , f . 3 - 4 , 7 - 8 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2b\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nandreusia hampson , 1913 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 12 : 206 ( emend . andrewsia grote )\nneu , siberia - far easts , altai , mongolia , ussuri , amurland . see [ maps ]\n1400x915 ( ~ 229kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 3 . 8 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\nnoctua agamos h\u00fcbner , [ 1813 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 122 , f . 525 ; tl : europe\n900x564 ( ~ 83kb ) hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 11 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )\n1400x1006 ( ~ 219kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 28 . 6 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\n1400x928 ( ~ 237kb ) female greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1400m , n 39\u00b046 ' 15\n, e 20\u00b048 ' 20\n) , 8 . 7 . 2005 , mayr toni leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\n1400x996 ( ~ 233kb ) male greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39\u00b045 ' 45\n, e 20\u00b049 ' 00\n) , 7 . 7 . 2005 , mayr toni leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\n1000x574 ( ~ 81kb ) northern greece , axios delta , june 1995 , photo \u00a9 dylan lloyd leg .\n1100x834 ( ~ 118kb ) hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 14 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )\n1100x834 ( ~ 121kb ) underside hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 14 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )\n1200x695 ( ~ 178kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 30 . 7 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\nnoctua disjuncta geyer , [ 1828 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 159 , f . 741 - 742 ; tl : europe , fiume [ rijeka ]\nceu , seu , s . siberia - korea , n . china , japan . see [ maps ]\nnoctua electa vieweg , 1790 ; tabl . verz . brand . schmett . 2 : 33 ; tl : brandenburg region\n900x564 ( ~ 86kb ) hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 12 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )\n1200x787 ( ~ 190kb ) italy : canero , 12 . 8 . 1986 e . o , mayr leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\nceu , seu , kazakhstan , n . africa , asia minor - uzbekistan . see [ maps ]\nnoctua nurus h\u00fcbner , [ 1822 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 143 , f . 655 - 656 ; tl : europe\n1100x834 ( ~ 116kb ) hungary , hajd\u00fa - bihar county , debrecen , belter\u00fclet , poroszlay \u00fat 103 , 02 . viii . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi leg .\n1100x646 ( ~ 148kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 9 . 7 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\n1300x793 ( ~ 185kb ) greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39\u00b045 ' 45\n, e 20\u00b049 ' 00\n) , mayr toni leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\n1300x893 ( ~ 185kb ) greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39\u00b045 ' 45\n, e 20\u00b049 ' 00\n) , mayr toni leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\neu - kazakhstan , siberia - far east , japan . see [ maps ]\n900x438 ( ~ 117kb ) russia : moscow area , september , 2000 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n1100x833 ( ~ 134kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , bask\u00f3 , belter\u00fclet , 13 . viii . 1999 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi leg .\n1011x721 ( ~ 139kb ) upperside russia , moscow area , 11 . 8 . 2010 ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b023 ' n ) , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n974x540 ( ~ 108kb ) underside russia , moscow area , 11 . 8 . 2010 ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b023 ' n ) , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\nlarva on populus tremula , betula sp . , fraxinus excelsior [ sprk ] , fraxinus , quercus , q . robur , tilia cordata , fagus , alnus , acer , ulmus , salix [ ne10 ] , 96 ( beck , anikin et al . )\nseu , ceu , siberia - far east , korea , n . china . see [ maps ]\nphalaena paranympha linnaeus , 1767 ; syst . nat . ( edn 12 ) 1 ( 2 ) : 842 ; tl : germany\n1000x650 ( ~ 78kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , bask\u00f3 , belter\u00fclet , 04 . vii . 1999 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi leg .\n932x669 ( ~ 117kb ) russia , moscow area , 24 . 7 . 2008 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\nlarva on prunus spinosa , p . domestica , p . padus , crataegus monogyna , quercus [ ne10 ] , 86\nephesia fulminea chekiangensis mell , 1933 ; mitt . dt . ent . ges . , e . v . 4 : 64 ; tl : w . tienmoshan\nseeu - s . urals , asia minor , altai mts . . see [ maps ]\n900x564 ( ~ 77kb ) hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 11 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )\n900x564 ( ~ 71kb ) hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 20 . vii . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg .\nephesia largeteaui yunnana mell , 1936 ; ; tl : nw . yunnan , likiang\nsw . russia , kazakhstan , e . turkey , iraq , armenia , kurdistan , afghanistan , altai mts . , s . siberia . see [ maps ]\nphalaena neonympha esper , 1805 ; die schmett . , th . iv , bd . 2 ( abs . 2 ) ( 53 ) : 75 , ( abs . 1 ) ( 54 ) pl . 198 ( noct . 199 ) , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : sarepta region\nmormonia neonympha variegata warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 303 , pl . 54 c ; tl : central asia\nmormonia neonympha syriaca osthelder , 1933 ; mitt . m\u00fcnch . ent . ges . 23 : 93 ( preocc . ) ; tl : turkey , marasch\n900x564 ( ~ 86kb ) hungary , gyqr - sopron county , sopron , k\u00f6ves - \u00e1rok , 06 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , szabolcs s\u00e1fi\u00e1n , andr\u00e1s ambrus leg . ( on bait )\n1007x713 ( ~ 113kb ) russia , moscow area , 4 . 8 . 2008 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n1300x801 ( ~ 231kb ) austria : vorarlberg , oombirn , achm\u00e4ander , a14 , 420m , 7 . 8 . 2006 , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\nlarva on populus , p . nigra , populus x _ _ canadensis , salix , s . fragilis [ ne10 ] , 99\nsweu - s . france , italy - greece , corsica , sicily , crete , n . africa , asia minor - afghanistan , kashmir . see [ maps ]\n1200x763 ( ~ 176kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 4 . 7 . 1985 , siegel leg . , photo \u00a9 christian siegel\nephesia nymphaea kashmirica warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 316 , pl . 57 b ; tl : india , kashmir\nephasia [ sic ] nymphaea kabuli o . bang - haas , 1927 ; horae macrolep . palaearct . 1 : 90 , pl . 11 , f . 8 ; tl : afghanistan , paghman mts .\nephesia nymphaea parigilensis kardakoff , 1937 ; arb . morphol . taxonom . ent . 4 : 191 ; tl :\nhindukusch , parigil\n900x564 ( ~ 71kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , aggtelek , b\u00e9ke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg .\n900x564 ( ~ 73kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , aggtelek , b\u00e9ke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg .\n900x564 ( ~ 72kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , aggtelek , b\u00e9ke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg .\n900x564 ( ~ 67kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , aggtelek , b\u00e9ke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi , j\u00e1nos dobos , g\u00e1bor szer\u00e9nyi leg .\n900x564 ( ~ 72kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , aggtelek , b\u00e9ke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi , j\u00e1nos dobos , g\u00e1bor szer\u00e9nyi leg .\nneu - siberia - amurland , tibet , germany , poland . see [ maps ]\nnoctua pacta var . suecica esper , 1787 ; die schmett . , th . iv , bd . 1 ( 47 ) : 365 , ( 41 ) pl . 99b ( noct . 20b ) , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : stockholm\nlarva on salix , s . caprea , s . cinerea # , [ ne10 ] , 109\n1000x684 ( ~ 141kb ) northern greece , axios delta , july 1995 , photo \u00a9 dylan lloyd leg .\n900x564 ( ~ 83kb ) hungary , hajd\u00fa - bihar county , hortob\u00e1gy , pente - zug , 14 . vi . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi leg .\n900x564 ( ~ 85kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , aggtelek , b\u00e9ke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi , j\u00e1nos dobos , g\u00e1bor szer\u00e9nyi leg .\n900x564 ( ~ 87kb ) hungary , borsod - aba\u00faj - zempl\u00e9n county , aggtelek , b\u00e9ke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi , j\u00e1nos dobos , g\u00e1bor szer\u00e9nyi leg .\n952x655 ( ~ 119kb ) russia : moscow area ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , 20 . 07 . 2007 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n1024x565 ( ~ 126kb ) upperside russia : moscow area ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , 21 . 07 . 2007 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n902x504 ( ~ 94kb ) underside russia : moscow area ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , 21 . 07 . 2007 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\nseu , n . africa , asia minor , tibet , altai , china , kazakhstan , s . urals . see [ maps ]\n900x564 ( ~ 80kb ) hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( ny\u00fal - m\u00e1ly ) , 23 . vii . 2002 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , szabolcs sum leg .\ngreece , macedonia , bulgaria , s . turkey , levante . see [ maps ]\ncatoala separata ; [ ne10 ] : 89 , pl . 4 , f . 49 - 52 , gen . 41 , 139\n1100x834 ( ~ 125kb ) hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 16 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )\n1100x834 ( ~ 105kb ) underside hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 16 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )\n1100x834 ( ~ 114kb ) hungary , heves county , gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s , s\u00e1r - hegy ( erd\u00e9szh\u00e1z ) , 15 . vii . 2003 , photo \u00a9 tam\u00e1s baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8770 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 ( aberr . )\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8770 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4e\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8775 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259 , f . 6f\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8778 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8781 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 247 , f . 3c\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8784 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4g\nlarva on juglans nigra , j . cinerea , ( in lab . ) gall , peacock & slotten , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 1 ) : 1 - 4\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8792 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259 , f . 6e\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8793 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8795 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3i\n= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 5a\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8796 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4a\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8798 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245 , f . 2i\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8801 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 262\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8802 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253\nnova scoita , e . usa , oregon , colorado . see [ maps ]\nlarva on salix exigua , populus deltoides peacock & gall , 2001 , j . lep . soc . 54 ( 4 ) : 109 ( in laboratory )\n: hudson ' s bay , albany river , st . martin ' s falls\n: lake tahoe , sierra nevada ; sissons , shasta co . , california , new westminster , b . c .\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8822 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244\narizona , s . illinois , colorado , texas , e . usa . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8829 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240 , f . 1h\n= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244\n: center , [ albany co . ] , n [ ew ] y [ ork , usa ]\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8833 ( ab . ) ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 ( ab . )\n= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8835 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244\ncatolala mcdunnoughi browerarum johnson , 1981 ; j . research lepid . 20 : 247 , f . 2 ; tl : california , amador co .\nnebraska , kansas , kentucky , illinois , s . manitoba . see [ maps ]\nlarva on amorpha fruticosa dodge , 1925 , entomol . news 36 : 267 - 268 , amorpha canescens ? metzler , 1987 , j . lep . soc . 41 ( 4 ) : 212 - 213\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8844 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2c\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8844 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 , f . 5e\n: centre , [ albany co . ] , n [ ew ] y [ ork , usa ]\n= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240 , f . 1g\ncatocla charlottae brou , 1988 ; j . lep . soc . 42 ( 2 ) : 116 , f . 1 - 2 , 5 - 6 ; tl : 4 . 2mi ne abita springs , st . tammany parish , louisiana\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8873 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 2h\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 8874 ( form ) ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240\n= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 3a\nna . georgia , new york , texas , florida . see [ maps ]\n= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 257 , f . 6b\n[ dylan lloyd ] hafanedd , deiniol rd . , bangor , wales , u . k . , ll57 2up\nthe dates of e . j . c . esper ' s die schmetterlinge in abblidungen . . . 1776 - [ 1830 ] ; archives of natural history ( 1981 ) 10 ( 2 ) : 251 - 254\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nhistoire naturelle des insectes . species g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e9res . tome septi\u00e9me . noctu\u00e9lites . tome 3\nhistoire naturelle des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8rs ou papillons de france - supplement . nocturnes in godart ,\npacific coast lepidoptera , no . 15 . - description of a new species of\nh . edwards , 1880 ; hulst in h . edwards , 1880 ; hulst , 1880 in h . edwards , 1880 ; meyer in h . edwards , 1880 ; strecker in h . edwards , 1880\ndie schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil iv . die eulenphalenen\nneuere beitr\u00e4ge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur . ( 81 - 100 )\n. iii . the types of william h . edwards , augustus r . grote and achille guen\u00e9e\nbiologia centrali - americana ; or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of mexico and central america . zoology . lepidoptera . heterocera\non the noctuidae of north america 6th ann . rep . peabody acad . sci .\nlepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schw\u00e4rmer , spinner und eulen , ( 1843 - ) 1845 ( - 1855 )\nsammlung exotischer schmetterlinge , vol . 2 ( [ 1819 ] - [ 1827 ] )\ncatalogue des l\u00e9pidopteres qui composent la colletction de feu mr . franck , [ 1825 ]\nforsetzung der tabelle von de nachtvogein . iv . fortsetzung der dierten tabelle von de insecten , besonders von denen so genannten nacheulen als der zwoten klasse . der nachv\u00f6gel hiesiger gegend\nsystema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition\nsystema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , . . . . editio duocecima reformata . tom . 1 . part ii .\nscientific results of the second yarkand mission ; based upon the collections and notes of the late ferdinand stoliczka , phd . lepidoptera\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 849, "summary": [{"text": "aethes mymara , the dark-spotted aethes , is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was named by razowski in 1997 .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from south-eastern canada and the north-eastern united states , including connecticut , indiana , massachusetts , north carolina , ontario , tennessee and washington .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 16 millimetres ( 0.63 in ) .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing between may and august . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "aethes mymara", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about aethes mymara ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for aethes mymara ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\naethes mymara razowski , 1997 n . sp . , acta . zool . cracov . 40 : 126 .\nhome \u00bb guide \u00bb arthropods ( arthropoda ) \u00bb hexapods ( hexapoda ) \u00bb insects ( insecta ) \u00bb butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) \u00bb tortricid moths ( tortricoidea ) \u00bb tortricid moths ( tortricidae ) \u00bb tortricinae \u00bb cochylini \u00bb aethes \u00bb aethes mymara - hodges # 3758 . 2 ( aethes mymara )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\npeterson field guide to moths of northeastern north america david beadle and seabrooke leckie . 2012 . houghton mifflin .\ncochylini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) of canada razowski , j . 1997 . acta zoologica cracoviensia . 40 ( 1 ) : 107 - 163 .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\n3721 dscf3326 . jpg wingspan ~ 14mm f # 3721 rwwa - 3721 bold dna : species level made with six 98 . 7 - 100 % matches . no other genus or species close . locality : coastal sw washington state at the edge of willapa bay geo : lat = 46 37 . 273 geo : lon = - 123 56 . 814 urltoken\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook"]}
{"id": 853, "summary": [{"text": "diandrya is a genus of cestode parasites that are known from marmots ( marmota spp. ) in north america .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "the species diandrya composita , described along with the genus by j. g. darrah in 1930 , is known from all north american marmots except the woodchuck ( m. monax ) .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "the species d. vancouverensis , described by t. f. mace and c. d. shepard in 1981 , is only known from the vancouver marmot ( m. vancouverensis ) , an island endemic on vancouver island . ", "topic": 3}], "title": "diandrya", "paragraphs": ["diandrya composita is a species of cestode parasite that is known from marmots ( marmota spp . ) in north america .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 877, "summary": [{"text": "megachile albonotata is a bee species in the genus megachile found notably in spain .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "chalicodoma albonotata is the pollinator of the orchid ophrys drumana . ", "topic": 7}], "title": "megachile albonotata", "paragraphs": ["our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nlisted as data deficient as there is no information available on the population size , trends , habitat , ecology and threats . research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species .\nthis species is distributed from spain to central asia through southern europe , turkey and the middle east ( ascher and pickering 2014 ) .\nthere is no information available for the population size and trend of this species .\nthe species is not listed in any national red lists or red data books . there are no conservation actions in place for this species , and it is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range .\nfurther research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends , habitat and ecology , and threats to the species .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nchalicodoma rufescens p\u00e9rez , 1879 ( nec friese , 1905 ) , chalicodoma pyrenaica var . rufescens p\u00e9rez , 1879\nsuggested citation of this website : kuhlmann , m . et al . ( co - authors as listed in\ncontributors\n) : checklist of the western palaearctic bees ( hymenoptera : apoidea : anthophila ) . urltoken ( yyyy / mm / dd ) .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 879, "summary": [{"text": "hypatopa simplicella is a moth in the blastobasidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , including iowa , pennsylvania , ontario , nova scotia , british columbia , quebec , maine and oklahoma . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "hypatopa simplicella", "paragraphs": ["hypatopa simplicella dietz , 1910 is elevated from subsp . of 1151 hypatopa [ = blastobasis ] plummerella .\ndioryctria simplicella ( brown pine knot - horn ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .\nno one has contributed data records for hypatopa yet . learn how to contribute .\nkari pihlaviita added the finnish common name\npistemantukoi\nto\nhypatopa binotella\n.\nkari pihlaviita added the finnish common name\nryt\u00f6mantukoi\nto\nhypatopa inunctella\n.\nkari pihlaviita added the finnish common name\nvy\u00f6mantukoi\nto\nhypatopa segnella\n.\nhypatopa binotella , the spotted dowd moth , is a moth in the blastobasidae family .\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nrecorded in 28 ( 41 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1932 . last recorded in 2018 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018"]}
{"id": 888, "summary": [{"text": "ardozyga nyctias is a species of moth in the family gelechiidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by edward meyrick in 1904 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from southern queensland and new south wales .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 18 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are dark fuscous irrorated with ashy-grey and with a conspicuous pale ochreous basal dot in the middle .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the stigmata are moderate , dark fuscous , accompanied by some white scales , with the plical somewhat beyond the first discal .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are some obscure grey-whitish dots along the posterior half of the costa and termen .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are fuscous , darker posteriorly .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the larvae feed on the young shoots of corymbia torelliana , living between leaves joined with silk . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "ardozyga nyctias", "paragraphs": ["protolechia nyctias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 353 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nliving between leaves joined with silk . it grew to a length of 1 cm .\nit produced a boring little dark brown moth , with a white spot near the centre of each forewing . the wingspan is about 2 cms .\n= protolechia ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 172 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee ]\nprotolechia aclera meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 348 ; tl : port lincoln , south australia\nprotolechia acroleuca meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 340 ; tl : bathurst , new south wales\nprotolechia actinota meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 352 ; tl : geraldton and perth , west australia\nprotolechia aeolopis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 369 ; tl : glen innes ( 4500ft ) , new south wales\nprotolechia amblopis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 368 ; tl : geraldton , west australia\namphiplaca ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( protolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 352\nprotolechia annularia turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 143 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia anthracina meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 355 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nprotolechia arenaria turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 178 ; tl : queensland , national park ( 3000ft )\nprotolechia arganthes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 377 ; tl : duaringa , queensland\nprotolechia argocentra meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 350 ; tl : albany , west australia\nprotolechia aspetodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 386 ; tl : gisborne , victoria\nprotolechia autopis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 348 ; tl : perth , west australia\ngelechia aversella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 649 ; tl : moreton bay\nprotolechia banausodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 384 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nprotolechia bistrigata meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 427 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia caminopis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 340 ; tl : bathurst , new south wales\ncatadamanta ( diakonoff , 1954 ) ( prodosiarcha ) ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 11\nprotolechia catarrhacta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 366 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nprotolechia celidophora turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 145 ; tl : n . queensland , cairns distr . ; eumundi , nr nambour\nprotolechia cephalota meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 373 ; tl : albany , west australia\nprotolechia chalazodes turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 140 ; tl : queensland , mt tambourine\nprotolechia chenias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 359 ; tl : glen innes ( 4500ft ) , new south wales\nprotolechia chionoprora turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 138\nprotolechia chiradia meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 380 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nprotolechia cladara meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 346 ; tl : hobart , tasmania\nprotolechia compsochroa meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 370 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; port lincoln , south australia\nprotolechia cosmotis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 351 ; tl : perth , west australia\nprotolechia creperrima turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 137 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia crotalodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 385 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nprotolechia crypsibatis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 344 ; tl : mt kosciusco ( 4000ft ) , new south wales ; deloraine , tasmania ; mt lofty , south australia\nprotolechia crypsicneca turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 138\nprotolechia cryptosperma meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 428 ; tl : victoria , birchip\ngelechia decaspila lower , 1899 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 24 ( 1 ) : 99 ; tl : stawell , victoria\ngelechia deltodes lower , 1896 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 20 : 169 ; tl : gisborne , victoria\nprotolechia diplanetis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 373 ; tl : blackheath ( 3500ft ) , new south wales\nbaryzancla dysclyta turner , 1933 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 58 : 81 ; tl : western australia , kalamunda , nr perth\neutorna dysphanes turner , 1947 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 72 ( 3 - 4 ) : 147 ; tl : queensland , bunya mts\nprotolechia diplonesa meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 344 ; tl : geraldton , west australia\nprotolechia elassopis turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 136 ; tl : queensland , caloundra\nprotolechia elpistis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 349 ; tl : perth , west australia\nprotolechia emmeles turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 178 ; tl : queensland , national park ( 3000ft )\nprotolechia enchotypa turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 138 ; tl : victoria , gisborne\nprotolechia englypta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 357 ; tl : gisborne , victoria\ncleodora eumela lower , 1897 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 21 : 59 ; tl : stawell , victoria\nprotolechia euprepta turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 177 ; tl : queensland , national park ( 3000ft )\nprotolechia euryarga turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 135 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia eustephana turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 146 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia exarista meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 339 ; tl : york , west australia\nprotolechia flexilis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 345 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nprotolechia frugalis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 345 ; tl : sydney and blackheath ( 3500ft ) , new south wales ; perth , west australia\nprotolechia furcifera turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 139 ; tl : victoria , gisborne\nprodosiarcha glagera turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 129 ; tl : n . queensland , cairns\nprotolechia gorgonias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 380 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nprotolechia gypsocrana turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 143 ; tl : queensland , brisbane ; toowoomba ; stradbroke i .\nprotolechia hedana turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 145 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia hilara turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 135 ; tl : victoria , gisborne\nprotolechia hormodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 363 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nprotolechia hylias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 369 ; tl : mt kosciusko ( 5000ft ) , new south wales\nprotolechia hypocneca turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 137 ; tl : queensland , warwick\nprotolechia hypoleuca meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 351 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsemocharista idiospila meyrick , 1922 ; ark . zool . 14 ( 15 ) : 4 ; tl : nw . australia , kimberley district\nprotolechia invalida meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 346 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; sydney , new south wales\nprotolechia involuta turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 142 ; tl : n . queensland , townsville\nprotolechia iochlaema [ = iochlaena ] meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 353 ; tl : perth , west australia\nbaryzancla ithygramma turner , 1933 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 58 : 81 ; tl : western australia , mt dale\nprotolechia liota meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 350 ; tl : albany , west australia\ngelechia lithina lower , 1899 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 24 ( 1 ) : 98 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales\nprotolechia loemias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 383 ; tl : murrurundi , new south wales ; gisborne , victoria\nprodosiarcha loxodesma meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 330 ; tl : adelaide , south australia\nprotolechia mechanistis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 360 ; tl : evandale and hobart , tasmania\nprotolechia megalommata meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 384 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nprotolechia megalosticta turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 141 ; tl : new south wales , sydney\nprotolechia melicrata turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 137 ; tl : n . queensland , cairns ; lucinda point , nr ingham\nnew south wales , s . australia , victoria , tasmania . see [ maps ]\ngelechia mesochra lower , 1894 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 18 : 107 ; tl : parkside , south australia\nprotolechia mesopsamma turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 144 ; tl : queensland , rosewood\nprotolechia microdora meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 346 ; tl : geraldton , west australia\nprotolechia molyntis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 385 ; tl : gisborne , victoria ; mt lofty , south australia\nprotolechia nephelota meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 354 ; tl : mt kosciusko ( 3000ft ) , new south wales ; gisborne , victoria\nprotolechia neurosticha turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 177 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia nothrodes meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia obscura turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 177 ; tl : queensland , national park ( 2 - 2500ft )\nprotolechia ochrobathra turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 177 ; tl : queensland , bunya mtns ( 3500ft )\nprotolechia odorifera meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 371 ; tl : sydney and shoalhaven , new south wales\ngelechia orthanotos lower , 1900 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 25 ( 1 ) : 50 ; tl : stawell , victoria\nprotolechia penthicodes meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 427 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia phasianis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 382 ; tl : mt kosciusko ( 4700ft ) , new south wales ; melbourne and gisborne , victoria ; launceston , tasmania\nprotolechia plinthactis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 363 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nbrachyzancla poenicea turner , 1947 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 72 ( 3 - 4 ) : 154 ; tl : queensland , bunya\nprotolechia polioxysta turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 177 ; tl : queensland , springbrook ( 3000ft ) , macpherson range\nprotolechia prisca meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 343 ; tl : sydney , west australia\nprotolechia proscripta meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia psephias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 352 ; tl : geraldton , west australia\nprotolechia pyrrhica turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 141 ; tl : queensland , coolangatta\nprotolechia sarisias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 356 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nprotolechia sciodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 347 ; tl : geraldton , west australia\nprotolechia scytina meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 374 ; tl : bathurst , new south wales ; port lincoln , south australia\nprotolechia secta meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 428 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nprotolechia semiographa turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 146 ; tl : queensland , mt tambourine\nprotolechia sisyraea meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 359 ; tl : gisborne , victoria\nprotolechia sporodeta turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 144 ; tl : queensland , killarney\nprotolechia tabulata meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 367 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; port lincoln , south australia\nprotolechia taracta turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 143 ; tl : queensland , montville ( 1500ft ) , nr nambour ; mt tambourine ; toowoomba\nprotolechia telopis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 338 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nprotolechia temenitis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 341 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nprotolechia tetraploa meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 338 ; tl : melbourne , victoria\ngelechia thanatodes lower , 1893 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 17 ( 1 ) : 170 ; tl : parkside\nprotolechia thyridota meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 355 ; tl : glen innes ( 4500ft ) , new south wales ; york , west australia\nprotolechia thyrsoptera meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 381 ; tl : rosewood , queensland\nprotolechia trachyphanes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 343 ; tl : geraldton , west australia\nprotolechia trichalina meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 377 ; tl : geraldton and perth , west australia\nprotolechia trichosema meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 347 ; tl : albany , west australia\nprotolechia trichroma turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 176 ; tl : queensland , national park ( 3000ft )\ngelechia tridecta lower , 1900 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 25 ( 1 ) : 48 ; tl : parkside , south australia\nprotolechia trochias meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 428 ; tl : queensland , cairns\nprotolechia tyroessa turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 176 ; tl : ; queensland , national park ( 3500ft )\ngelechia vacatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?\nprotolechia voluta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 341 ; tl : newcastel and sydney , new south wales\nprotolechia xanthocephala meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 376 ; tl : brisnabe , queensland ; sydney and blackheath ( 3500ft ) , new south wales\nprotolechia xestolitha meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 354 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nprotolechia xuthias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 361 ; tl : wirrabara , south australia\nbrachyzancla sporima turner , 1947 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 72 ( 3 - 4 ) : 154 ; tl : queensland , stanthorpe\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nmicrolepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv\nresults of dr . e . mj\u00f6berg ' s swedish scientific expedition to australia 1910 - 1913 . microlepidoptera\nwalker , 1864 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 27 : 1 - 286 ( 1863 ) , 28 : 287 - 562 ( 1863 ) , 29 : 563 - 835 ( 1864 ) , 30 : 837 - 1096 ( 1864 )\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nall data on natureshare is licensed under a creative commons attribution 2 . 5 australia license .\nfree : natureshare is , and will always be , a free and open service .\nwarranty : natureshare services and all software are provided on an\nas is\nbasis without warranties of any kind , either express or implied , including , without limitation , fitness for a particular purpose . your use of the services is at your sole risk . we do not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of information available from the service .\nmoth survey undertaken over 8 hours , from 8 : 30 pm , at bega lalc turingal property .\npowered by naturemapr | atlas of life in the coastal wilderness operates under creative commons attribution 3 . 0 australia | privacy"]}
{"id": 898, "summary": [{"text": "haimbachia placidellus , the peppered haimbachia moth , is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by haimbach in 1907 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from new york and massachusetts to south carolina , west to tennessee .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 17-18 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are pale tan to whitish with dark speckling .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are pale yellowish with a darker terminal line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from may to july .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae probably feed on grasses . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "haimbachia placidellus", "paragraphs": ["haimbachia dyar , 1909 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 1 ) : 28 ; ts : crambus placidellus haimbach\ncrambus placidellus haimbach , 1907 ; ent . news 18 ( 2 ) : 44 ; tl : wenonah , new jersey\nhaimbachia prestonella ; capps , 1965 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 634\nhaimbachia quiriguella ; capps , 1965 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 636\nhaimbachia maroniella ; capps , 1965 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 640\nhaimbachia quiriguella schaus , 1922 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 24 ( 6 ) : 137 ; tl : quirigua , guatemala\nhaimbachia dumptalis schaus , 1922 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 24 ( 6 ) : 137 ; tl : cayuga , guatemala\nhaimbachia prestonella schaus , 1922 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 24 ( 6 ) : 138 ; tl : venadio , sinaloa , mexico\nhaimbachia pallescens capps , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 637 ; tl : redington , arizona\nhaimbachia indistinctalis capps , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 638 ; tl : kerrville , texas\nhaimbachia floridalis capps , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 641 ; tl : everglades , florida\nhaimbachia gloriella schaus , 1922 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 24 ( 6 ) : 137 ; tl : venadio , sinoloa , mexico\nhaimbachia cochisensis capps , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 645 ; tl : douglas , arizona\nhaimbachia diminutalis capps , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 646 ; tl : brownswille , texas\ni know these aren ' t the best pictures , but i didn ' t know if this was a specimen i hadn ' t seen so i didn ' t take as many pictures . the lighting was also very in and out . i think this may be peppered haimbachia ( haimbachia placidella ) .\nhaimbachia maroniella dyar & heinrich , 1927 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 71 ( 2691 ) : 36 ; tl : french guiana\nhaimbachia albescens capps , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 642 ; tl : sioux city , iowa\nhaimbachia discalis dyar & heinrich , 1927 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 71 ( 2691 ) : 37 ; tl : jalapa , mexico\nhaimbachia discalis ; capps , 1965 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 640 ; [ nacl ] , # 5486\nhaimbachia arizonensis capps , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 635 ; tl : baboquivari mtns , pima co . , arizona\nhaimbachia dumptalis ; dyar & heinrich , 1927 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 71 ( 2691 ) : 36 ; capps , 1965 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 638\nhaimbachia gloriella ; dyar & heinrich , 1927 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 71 ( 2691 ) : 34 ; capps , 1965 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 643\nhaimbachia squamulella ; dyar & heinrich , 1927 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 71 ( 2691 ) : 35 ; capps , 1965 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 634 ; [ nacl ] , # 5482\nhaimbachia placidella ; dyar & heinrich , 1927 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 71 ( 2691 ) : 35 ; capps , 1965 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3520 ) : 644 ; [ nacl ] , # 5489\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\ngeneric epithet in honor of frank haimbach . he also had gypsonoma haimbachiana ( kearfott , 1907 ) and zelleria haimbachi busck , 1915 named for him and described several species himself , including pyrausta plagalis haimbach , 1908 , heliades huachucalis ( haimbach , 1915 ) , platynota wenzelana ( haimbach , 1915 ) .\nnew species of american lepidoptera . harrison . g . dyar . 1909 . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 11 ( 1 ) : 19 - 29 .\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\ncite : 1163775 - click here to go directly to the globiz website search . from\nwelcome page\n:\nglobiz is an online platform for specialists working on pyraloidea ( snout moths ) , one of the most species rich groups of lepidoptera ( butterflies and moths ) . information edited in globiz is freely provided at this website via the search options . the abbreviation globiz is based on the german title globales informationssystem z\u00fcnslerfalter , which could be translated as global information system on pyraloidea . the title goes back to the originally in germany initiated and funded project ( see acknowledgments ) .\nsammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , errichtet von jacob h\u00fcbner in augsburg ( 1793\u20131841 ) : updated plates legend .\nseachable database with information on the general classification and the diet and feeding behaviour of the orders of insects and arachnids found in canada\u2019s forest environments . cite : 1463600\nan invaluable site for synonyms , links to original descriptions , literature , and other information . covers the entire world , but tends to have more complete information for european and north american species . a great place to begin literature searches . cite : 1329955\nthe best online resource for moths of great britain and ireland . cite : 1329952\nincludes data formerly on the u . s . geological survey ( usgs ) / the northern prairie wildlife research center ( npwrc ) website . cite : 1178378\n[ cite : 1114858 important resource for rare lep . records . . .\nthe lepidopterists ' society season summary [ sometimes : lepsoc - ss ] is an annual compilation of lepidoptera records from canada , mexico , and the united states . each year our members submit information regarding range extensions , host plant associations , population dynamics , etc . automated in 1995 , the database contains all records since that time plus saturniidae and sphingidae records since 1971 .\n.\nflorida , texas , north carolina , new jersey , tennessee , na . georgia , district of columbia , . . . . see [ maps ]\nchilo squamulella zeller , 1881 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 16 : 158 ; tl : bosque co . , texas\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nzeller , 1881 columbische , chiloniden , crambiden und phycitideen horae soc . ent . ross . 16 : 154 - 256\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 904, "summary": [{"text": "ingenia is a genus of marine nematode worms .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it belongs to a group that are mostly free-living and which feed on diatoms and other algaes . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "ingenia", "paragraphs": ["if you would like to be placed on the mailing list ( subscription to ingenia is free ! ) email the ingenia team .\nrecent graduates excited about starting their career are always welcome at ingenia . fresh talent assists us in our ongoing process to develop ingenia\u2019s future leaders . professionals starting their career will find ingenia has a wealth of institutional knowledge stemming from . . .\n\u00a9 2015 ingenia motion control . legal | privacy | terms of sale | web design\nat ingenia lifestyle , we are committed to providing a superior quality of life to australian retirees .\ningenia provides engineering and design services which support small to medium - sized plant modifications and improvement projects .\ningenia offers high - performance , cost - effective and easy - to - use products for motion control . ingenia products portfolio includes servo drives and control software compatible with latest industrial protocols such as canopen , ethercat or ethernet / ip .\nvisit ingenia polymers at this year\u2019s npe event . we\u2019ll have technical service and sales experts on hand to welcome you . . .\nrecent graduates excited about starting their career are always welcome at ingenia . fresh talent assists us in our ongoing process . . .\ningenia is a \u201cworld class\u201d company looking for people that have the passion to lead , desire to grow , and ability . . .\n\u200b ingenia is a customer focused consulting company which provides a range of services aimed at helping you get the most from your physical assets .\ningenia can assist you to improve performance and reliability with a competitive advantage . we can ensure that your assets are always at their optimal condition .\ndetails of the placement and the entitlement offer are contained in the announcement dated 24 september 2014 issued by ingenia which may be downloaded from this website .\ningenia has extensive and wide - spread experience in specialist risk management and incident investigation services , including risk assessments , hazops , root cause analysis and fault tree analysis .\ningenia provides practical and experienced project support capabilities to initiatives that have the ability to provide significant value to an organisation . we value sound project management practices and utilise best practice methodologies and processes .\nvisit ingenia polymers at this year\u2019s npe event . we\u2019ll have technical service and sales experts on hand to welcome you to our booth ( south hall level 1 , space s28195 ) and . . .\ningenia lifestyle has celebrated the official start of its second star collection community , plantations , located in the seaside town of woolgoolga on the nsw mid - north coast . the momentous occasion was marked with a breaking ground event\u2026\nmen at ingenia lifestyle the grange have rallied together in a bid to break down the stigma surrounding mental and physical health for men , which also coincided with men\u2019s health week in june . the australia wide campaign encourages communities\u2026\ningenia is a company dedicated to the science of motion control since 2006 . we design and produce off - the - shelf and customized solutions to answer the industry need for increasingly complex , high - tech motion control applications .\ningenia polymers is the premier integrated solutions provider for the global polymers industry . our talented people , culture of operational excellence , relentless drive to advance technology and breadth of capabilities make us the preferred supplier to our customers worldwide .\ningenia is a \u201cworld class\u201d company looking for people that have the passion to lead , desire to grow , and ability to create and deliver solutions for our customers . we offer an environment that is innovative , diverse , intellectually stimulating , and unique . . . .\ningenia publishes stimulating and informative articles about all aspects of engineering and technology , from robotics and data to the latest in renewable energy and medical technologies . it produces authoritative yet accessible content , aimed at engineering enthusiasts from 10 to 110 , a broad audience that includes students , engineering undergraduates , engineers at all levels , and academics .\ningenia ' s offering includes high performance - high power density servo drives and powerful control software for most motor technologies including servo motors ( dc brush and brushless ) , microstepping , and step motors . advanced features include field buses ( canopen , ethercat , ethernet / ip ) , sinusoidal commutation , field oriented control , advanced pid filters and much more .\ntailored motion solutions that deliver maximum value ingenia\u2019s strength lies in its customization capabilities . we do what it takes to meet your requirements and create a product that is perfect for its desired use . our modular design approach is based on electronic building blocks that have been tried and tested for specific industry requirements , thus reducing development time and guarantee an outstanding quality .\nthe entitlement offer will be made by ingenia in a manner consistent with an accelerated undocumented rights issue to eligible retail security holders in a short form disclosure and instructions letter ( \u201coffer letter\u201d ) . a copy of the offer letter will be mailed to eligible retail security holders at their registered address in australia or new zealand . eligible retail security holders should read the offer letter carefully and in its entirety before deciding whether or not to apply for new stapled securities under the entitlement offer . the offer letter will be accompanied by a personalized acceptance form for each eligible retail security holder . applications will need to be made pursuant to the acceptance form accompanying the offer letter , in accordance with the instructions in the offer letter and on the form .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nblaxter , m . l . , de ley , p . , garey , j . r . , liu , l . x . , scheldeman , p . , vierstraete , a . , vanfleteren , j . r . , mackey , l . y . , dorris , m . , frisse , l . m . , vida , j . t . & thomas , w . k . ( 1998 ) . a molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum nematoda . nature , 392 : 71 - 75 .\nde ley , p . & blaxter , m . l . ( 2002 ) . systematic position and phylogeny . in : d . l . lee ( ed . ) the biology of nematodes . london , taylor and francis , pp . 1 - 30 .\nde ley , p . & blaxter , m . l . ( in press ) . a new system for nematoda : combining morphological characters with molecular trees , and translating clades into ranks and taxa . nematology , - .\nto access this part of the website , please select your country of primary residence from the following list .\nunfortunately , legal restrictions prevent us from allowing you access to this part of the website . if you have any questions , please contact us by e - mail by clicking on the link below .\nyou are not acting as a nominee for , or otherwise for the account or benefit of , any ineligible persons .\nare for use and distribution only by residents of australia or new zealand from within australia or new zealand .\nthey must not be released or distributed in the united states , or in any jurisdiction outside of australia or new zealand where distribution may be restricted by law .\nthe documents on this website do not constitute an offer of securities in the united states or to any person outside australia or new zealand to whom such offer would not be lawful . the securities referred to herein have not been and will not be registered under the u . s . securities act of 1933 , as amended ( the \u201cu . s . securities act\u201d ) or under the securities laws of any state or other jurisdiction of the united states . any securities described in , or sold pursuant to , these documents may not be offered or sold in the united states absent registration under the u . s . securities act or pursuant to an applicable exemption from registration , or to any person outside australia or new zealand to whom such offer or sale would not be lawful .\nyou will not release or distribute a copy of these documents in the united states or in any other place in which , or to any other person to whom , it is unlawful to do so .\nmotion control solutions innovative and user - friendly high - performance , cost - effective and easy - to - use products for motion control . products portfolio includes servo drives and control software compatible with latest industrial protocols such as canopen , ethercat or ethernet / ip .\nour unique building blocks approach combined with our extensive experience in motion control allows us to offer tailored solutions in no time . different production options are possible based on your manufacturing capabilities .\ncookies are very small text files that are stored on your computer when you visit some websites . we use cookies to help identify your computer so we can tailor your user experience . you can disable any cookies already stored on your computer , but these may stop our website from functioning properly .\ncookies are very small text files that are stored on your computer when you visit some websites .\nwe use cookies to help identify your computer so we can tailor your user experience .\nyou can disable any cookies already stored on your computer , but these may stop our website from functioning properly .\nallow you to share pages via add this ( if available ) to view the \u2018add this\u2019 privacy policy or to opt out of any online behavioural advertising , please visit add this and click on the \u2018opt out\u2019 button .\naims to provide stimulating and informative articles across the whole range of engineering disciplines . the magazine is aimed at all those with an interest in engineering , whether they work in business and industry , government , academia or the financial community . complex or technical engineering issues are explained for the non - specialist and confusing jargon is kept to a minimum .\nlearn about how 3d printing is changing dentistry , the evolution of landmine detection , recycling plastic , and research into graphene , a material that is one atom thick but stronger than a diamond .\nthe experience is excellent . \u0003on time delivery has been great . technical support and sales support has been stellar\u2026\nspecifically engineered to enhance your operational efficiency \u2013 improving the handling , quality and eh & s ; ( environmental , health and safety ) performance of your finishing operations .\nin my 23 years i have seen a lot of changes , and i have seen a lot of growth in the company . it is very exciting to be part of these changes , it\u2019s allowed me to grow personally and profesionally . sap implementation specialist\nthere is no shortage of employees that will do what it takes to ensure our customers get a high quality product and services they come to expect doug t . , plant manager\nour mission is to be the premier supplier of products , services and solutions to the global polymers industry . to that end , all of our employees are accountable for fully satisfying our customers by meeting or exceeding their needs and expectations , . . .\nour mission is to be the premier supplier of products , services and solutions to the global polymers industry . to that . . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en\nurltoken\nour services include a unique blend of engineering services , forensic engineering , reliability engineering , project management , asset risk , hazop , engineering design , drafting , and asset management .\nwe provide efficient and cost effective services that you may have once had in your own engineering department .\nour clients benefit from our wide range of industry experience in sectors such as food and beverages , packaging , infrastructure , mining , ports , waste management , water , cement , construction , pharmaceuticals , government , council , wool , and many others .\nwe provide our unique mechanical engineering , process engineering and civil engineering services in adelaide , sydney , perth , melbourne , brisbane .\nthe best part is , you get to own a brand new low maintenance home , giving you more freedom to enjoy life .\nif you\u2019re picturing an ideal retirement but uncertain if your savings are enough to carry you through , the australian government has a new incentive aimed specifically at downsizers aged over 65 . from 1 july 2018 , eligible seniors can take\u2026"]}
{"id": 927, "summary": [{"text": "felis chaus furax is a subspecies of the jungle cat .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "in 1898 , the british zoologist william edward de winton examined the collection of jungle cat skins in the natural history museum and revised taxonomic assessments of the jungle cat group .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "a single skin collected near jericho in 1864 prompted him to describe the new subspecies felis chaus furax as this skin was smaller than other egyptian jungle cat skins . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "felis chaus furax", "paragraphs": ["ogurlu , i . , e . gundogdu , i . yildirim . 2010 . population status of jungle cat ( felis chaus ) in egirdir lake , turkey .\nto cite this page : fitzgerald , a . 2011 .\nfelis chaus\n( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken\nmukherjee , s . , c . groves . 2007 . geographic variation in jungle cat ( felis chaus schreber , 1777 ) ( mammalia , carnivora , felidae ) body size : is competition responsible ? .\nduckworth , j . , c . poole , r . tizard , j . walston , r . timmins . 2005 . the jungle cat felis chaus in indochina : a threatened population of a widespread and adaptable species .\nduckworth , j . , r . steinmetz , j . sanderson , s . mukherjee . 2008 .\niucn red list of threatened species\n( on - line ) . felis chaus . accessed march 15 , 2010 at urltoken .\nbaker , m . , k . nassar , l . rifai , m . qarqaz , w . al - melhim , z . amr . 2003 . on the current status and distribution of the jungle cat , felis chaus , in jordan ( mammalia : carnivora ) .\nmukherjee , s . , s . goyal , a . johnsingh , m . leite pitman . 2004 . the importance of rodents in the diet of juncle cat ( felis chaus ) , caracal ( caracal caracal ) and golden jackal ( canis aureus ) in sariska tiger reserve , rajasthan , india .\npeters , g . , l . baum , m . peters , b . tonkin - leyhausen . 2008 . spectral characteristics of intense mew calls in cat species of the genus felis ( mammalia : carnivora : felidae ) .\nscientific name : felis chaus common name : jungle cat , reed cat , swamp cat adult species ' characteristics : height at the shoulder : 14 - 15 inches ( 35 - 38 cm ) body length : ( body to nose ) : 20 - 30 inches ( 50 - 75 cm ) length of tail : 6 - 10 inches ( 15 - 25 cm ) weight : 9 - 35 lbs ( 4 - 16 kg ) diet : rodents , birds , hares , reptiles , amphibians , insects and small mammals . gestation period : 63 - 76 days age of maturity : 18 months breeding season : in central asia mating occurs during february and march . it has been suggested that they may breed twice a year . litter size : 1 - 6 average lifespan : 14 years predators : man\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]\nyour web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .\nyour list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .\nnote : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\ni thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , \u00a92005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352\nwilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of\ninformation indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\n- - publisher ' s website .\nplease choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .\nthis indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\na uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all\nadd tags for\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference\n.\nyou may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .\nwilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\n- - publisher ' s website .\nworldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more \u203a\u203a\ndon ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nscientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .\njungle cats have a wide ranging distribution that extends from egypt , israel , jordan , northern saudi arabia , syria , iraq , iran , to the shores of the caspian sea and the volga river delta , east through turkmenistan , uzbekistan , tadzhikistan , kazakhstan and to western xingjian , afghanistan , pakistan , nepal , india , sri lanka , myanmar , laos , thailand , cambodia , vietnam , and southwestern china .\njungle cats prefer habitats near water with dense vegetative cover but can be found in a variety of habitats including deserts ( where they are found near oases or along riverbeds ) , grasslands , shrubby woodlands and dry deciduous forests , as well as cleared areas in moist forests . they are commonly found in tall grass , thick brush , riverside swamps , and reed beds . they also adapt well to cultivated land and can be found in many different types of agriculture and forest plantations . jungle cats are known to occur at elevations of up to 2500 m , but are more common in lowlands .\n(\ninternational society for endangered cats\n, 2001 ; nowell and jackson , 1996 ; ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )\njungle cats range in size from 70 to 120 cm long and 35 to 38 cm tall . they weigh from 4 to 16 kg . adult males are larger and heavier than adult females . throughout their range , significant variation in mass occurs . for example , in west israel , they weigh 43 % more than those in east india . this is likely due to increased competition between different cat species in the east . jungle cats have long , slim faces with white lines above and below their bright yellow eyes with a dark spot just below each eye near the nose . they have long rounded ears , with a distinctive tuft of hair at the tips . jungle cats have relatively short tails , about 1 / 3 of their total body length , which have several dark rings along its length and a black tip . their coat color varies from a reddish or sandy brown to tawny grey . black jungle cats are regularly seen in southeastern pakistan and india . kittens may be striped and spotted , however , these markings typically fade with age and are only retained on the fore and hindlimbs . the muzzle , throat , and belly of the jungle cat are a pale cream color , and their winter coat is darker and denser than their summer coat .\njungle cat mating season is marked by the shrieks and fighting of male cats . vocalization rates of males and females increases prior to copulation . intense mew calls are used by both genders to attract potential mates . they also scent mark territorial boundaries , which may help them find and locate potential mates . male and female jungle cats may have multiple different mates throughout their lives .\n( mukherjee , 2008 ; peters , et al . , 2008 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )\njungle cats breed twice a year and produce litters of 3 to 6 kittens . breeding season varies regionally and gestation lasts between 63 and 66 days . kittens are quite large at birth ( 136 g ) and gain weight at a rate of about 22 g per day . kittens nurse until they are about 90 days old , but begin to eat solid food around day 49 . they are not completely weaned until 15 weeks old . jungle cats are independent by 8 to 9 months of age and reach sexual maturity at 11 to 18 months of age .\njungle cats live in families consisting of mother , father , and offspring while cubs are being reared . paternal investment is limited to territorial defense while mothers provide cubs with food via nursing . young jungle cats develop predatory skills rapidly and are able to stalk , kill , and eat their own prey by 6 months old . at 8 to 9 months old , although only half the size of a mature adult , they are independent .\nin captivity , jungle cats live an average of 15 years , but have been known to live up to 20 years . lifespan in the wild ranges from 12 to 14 years .\n( mukherjee , 2008 ; ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; weigl , 2005 )\nexcept for breeding season , jungle cats live solitary lives . they are most active at night , but are not strictly nocturnal . they are more often seen at dusk and travel approximately 5 to 6 km per night . they typically rest in dense cover during the day but often sunbathe on cold winter days . unlike most cat species , jungle cats have an affinity for water and are proficient swimmers that will dive into water to catch fish with their mouths .\n( mukherjee , 2008 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 ; taber , et al . , 1967 )\njungle cats have home ranges of 45 to 180 km ^ 2 , which they likely maintain via indirect means such as scent marking .\n( ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )\njungle cats are solitary animals outside of mating season , however , family groups ( male , female , and cubs ) are not uncommon . vocal communication consists of meowing , chirping , purring , gurgling , growling , hissing , and barking . these noises have not been significantly studied , therefore , their meanings are not well understood . jungle cats also communicate via scent marking and cheek rubbing . like most felids , they use urine to scent mark their territory , which may help individuals avoid unwanted confrontation . when cats cheek rub , they leave saliva , which serves as a scent marker for other cats . they also cheek rub against scent markings to\npick up\nscents , and males often cheek rub females that are in estrus .\n( mellen , 1993 ; mukherjee and groves , 2007 ; nowell and jackson , 1996 ; peters , et al . , 2008 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )\njungle cats primarily prey on animals that weigh less than 1 kg and commonly consume rodents , lizards , snakes , frogs , birds , hare , fish , insects , livestock , and even fruit during the winter . rodents are its primary prey item , however , which provides up to 70 % of its daily energy intake . although they specialize on small prey , jungle cats have been known to kill wild pigs (\n( baker , et al . , 2003 ; duckworth , et al . , 2008 ; mukherjee , et al . , 2004 ; mukherjee , 2008 )\nas cubs , jungle cat have markings that help camouflage them from potential predators . although they may sometimes fall prey to large snakes (\n) . they are often treated as pests and hunted or poisoned by farmers for attacking poultry . india formerly exported large numbers of jungle cat skins before they came under legal protection in 1976 , however , illegal trade continues to this day .\n( baker , et al . , 2003 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )\nlittle is known of the ecological role that jungle cats play in their ecosystem . however , they primarily prey upon small rodents , which often carry parasites , and are known to eat a variety of other small prey items . in the wild , jungle cats are hosts for mites (\n( hoogstraal and trapido , 1963 ; hoogstraal , et al . , 1963 ; ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; silva , et al . , 2001 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )\njungle cats feed primarily on rodents , which provide up to 70 % of the cats daily energy intake . they are often spotted hunting near villages and farms where rodent populations tend to be higher and are sometimes viewed as pests themselves .\njungle cats can negatively impact poultry farm owners . as a result , jungle cats are often hunted and poisoned by farmers for attacking poultry .\n( mukherjee , 2008 ; ogurlu , et al . , 2010 ; sunquist and sunquist , 2002 )\nhabitat destruction and persecution by humans are the main threats to jungle cats . as the human population increases , more land is cultivated and jungle cats ' natural habitat is converted to farmland . although they are very adaptable , these altered environments do not support the same density of cats . in addition , farmers often hunt and poison jungle cats for attacking and killing poultry and are also poached for their fur . although laws have been implemented to protect them , illegal trade still continues in many countries . for example , over the last decade more than 3 , 000 jungle cat skins have been seized across the globe . currently , jungle cats are considered as a species of\nleast concern\nby the iucn , however , population numbers are currently declining .\namber fitzgerald ( author ) , radford university , karen powers ( editor ) , radford university , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .\nliving in the northern part of the old world . in otherwords , europe and asia and northern africa .\nyoung are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .\nhaving body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .\nhaving markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .\nin deserts low ( less than 30 cm per year ) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity . vegetation is typically sparse , though spectacular blooms may occur following rain . deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate . in dune areas vegetation is also sparse and conditions are dry . this is because sand does not hold water well so little is available to plants . in dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded by the influence of salt in the air and soil . salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots .\nanimals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .\nforest biomes are dominated by trees , otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality .\nthe area of shoreline influenced mainly by the tides , between the highest and lowest reaches of the tide . an aquatic habitat .\noffspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .\nthis terrestrial biome includes summits of high mountains , either without vegetation or covered by low , tundra - like vegetation .\nthe area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .\nfound in the oriental region of the world . in other words , india and southeast asia .\nthe kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males , each of which also pairs with several different females .\nrainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .\nreferring to something living or located adjacent to a waterbody ( usually , but not always , a river or stream ) .\nthat region of the earth between 23 . 5 degrees north and 60 degrees north ( between the tropic of cancer and the arctic circle ) and between 23 . 5 degrees south and 60 degrees south ( between the tropic of capricorn and the antarctic circle ) .\nthe region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .\na terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .\na grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .\na terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5\u00b0 n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .\nreproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .\ninternational society for endangered cats ( isec ) canada . 2001 .\ninternational society for endangered cats\n( on - line ) . accessed february 19 , 2010 at urltoken .\nbyers , a . 1996 . historical and contemporary human disturbance in the upper barun valley , makalu - barun .\nchandrasekar - rao , a . , m . sunquist . 1996 . ecology of small mammals in tropical forest habitats of southern india .\nchristiansen , p . , s . wroe . 2007 . bite forces and evolutionary adaptations to feeding ecology in carnivores .\ndayan , t . , d . simberloff , e . tchernov , y . yom - tov . 1990 . feline canines : community - wide character displacement among the small cats of israel .\nhoogstraal , h . , h . trapido . 1963 . haemaphysalis silvafelis sp . n . , a parasite of the jungle cat in southern india ( ixodoidea , ixodidae ) .\nhoogstraal , h . , h . trapido , m . rebello . 1963 . haemaphysalis paraturturis sp . n . , a carnivore parasite of the h . turturis group in india ( ixodoidea , ixodidae ) .\nmellen , j . 1993 . a comparative analysis of scent - marking , social and reproductive behavior in 20 species of .\nrabinowitz , a . , s . walker . 1991 . the carnivore community in a dry tropical forest mosaic in huai kha khaeng wildlife .\nsilva , j . , s . ogassawara , m . marvulo , j . ferreira - neto , j . dubey . 2001 . toxoplasma gondii antibodies in exotic wild felids from brazilian zoos .\ntaber , r . , a . sheri , m . ahmad . 1967 . mammals of the lyallpur region , west pakistan .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nby creating an account , i agree to shutterstock ' s website terms , privacy policy , and licensing terms .\n\u00a9 2003 - 2018 shutterstock , inc . all rights reserved . made in nyc .\nsmall ( s ) has the shortest download time and is suitable for digital use .\nlarge ( l ) is suitable for large prints as well as digital use . it is the original image provided by the contributor .\nyou can redownload your image for free at any time , in any size .\neditorial content , such as news and celebrity images , are not cleared for commercial use . learn more on our support center .\nsign up to browse over million images , video clips , and music tracks . plus , get free weekly content and more .\n( we only support jpg and png images under 5mb and no larger than 4000px on either side at this time . )"]}
{"id": 929, "summary": [{"text": "paludinella minima is a species of minute salt marsh snail with an operculum , an aquatic gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family assimineidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species is endemic to japan . ", "topic": 3}], "title": "paludinella minima", "paragraphs": ["choose one > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hseka . 1 > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hsekb . 1 > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hsekc . 1 > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hsekd . 1 > paludinella ( cavernacmella ) sp . hseke . 1 > paludinella kuzuuensis > paludinella minima all lower taxonomy nodes ( 7 )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ngland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) \u2013 australia\u2019s unique reptiles \u2013 including lizards and snakes \u2013 face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .\nthe value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .\na recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nscientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\nevi , an amazon company , was founded in 2005 under the name true knowledge . the team started out with a mission to make it possible to access the world ' s knowledge simply by asking for information using natural language .\nwe\u2019re part of the amazon alexa team based in amazon ' s innovative cambridge development centre , alongside other amazon teams including prime air , core machine learning , amazon devices and amazon web services ."]}
{"id": 934, "summary": [{"text": "aroga rigidae is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from washington .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae feed on artemisia rigida . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "aroga rigidae", "paragraphs": ["clarke ( 1942 ) stated\nthe genitalia of this species most closely resemble those of aroga rigidae .\ngelechia rigidae clarke , 1935 ; can . ent . 67 : 249 ; tl : washington , whitman co . , rock lake\naroga temporariella sattler , 1960 ; rev . fr . ent . 27 : 236\naroga mesostrota ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 120\naroga argutiola hodges , 1974 ; can . ent . 106 ( 9 ) : 987 ; tl : michigan , alcona co .\naroga atraphaxi bidzilya , 2009 ; shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 301 ; tl : tadzhikistan , kondara , 1100m\naroga panchuli bidzilya , 2009 ; shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 302 ; tl : tadzhikistan , kondara , 1400m\naroga balcanicola huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 160 , 32 ; tl : maced . occ . drenovo bei kavadar\naroga mesostrepta ; [ nhm card ] ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )\naroga alleriella busck , 1940 ; bull . s . calif . acad . sci . 39 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : alabama , mobile\naroga controvalva li & zheng , 1998 ; acta ent . sinica 41 ( 1 ) : 87 , 89 ; tl : chengcheng , shaanxi , 1000m\naroga danfengensis li & zheng , 1998 ; acta ent . sinica 41 ( 1 ) : 85 , 89 ; tl : danfeng , shaanxi , 680m\naroga gozmanyi park , 1991 ; ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 117 ; tl : mt kumgang , kangweon prov . , korea\naroga epigaeella ; [ nacl ] , # 2189 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 21\naroga flavicomella ; [ nhm card ] ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ me3 ] , 157 , 32 ; [ fe ]\naroga websteri clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 273 , pl . 29 , f . 5 - 5c , pl . 32 , f . 15 ; tl : pullman , washington\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\ngelechia acharnaea meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 11 ) : 348 ; tl : texas , alpine , 7000ft\nseu , turkey , urals , iran , turkmenia , . . . . see [ maps ]\nlarva on atraphaxis pyrifolia bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 302\ngelechia camptogramma meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 58\ngelechia chlorocrana meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 348 ; tl : texas , forestburg\ngelechia eldorada keifer , 1936 ; calif . dept . agric . , bull . 25 : 240\n= gelechia trialbamaculella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 858\ngelechia eriogonella clarke , 1935 ; can . ent . 67 : 247 ; tl : washington , whitman co . , pullman\nkorea , seu , s . russia , irkutsk , buryatia , kazakhstan . see [ maps ]\nlarva on prunus spp . , p . spinosa , p . domestica , p . cerasus [ me3 ] , 158\ngelechia leucanieella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 180 ; tl : san diego , california\ngelechia morenella busck , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 7 ) : 317 ; tl : morena and pine valley , san diego , california\nlarva on atraphaxis pyrifolia bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 303\ngelechia paraplutella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 181 ; tl : san diego , california\ngelechia paulella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 865 ; tl : arizona ; colorado\ngelechia trialbamaculella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 250\ngelechia unifasciella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 865 ; tl : arizona , williams\ngelechia xyloglypta meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 22 ; tl : california , venice\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nexpedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths\nstudien \u00fcber die lepidopterenfauna der balkanl\u00e4nder . iii . teil . sammelergebnisse aus montenegro , albanien , mazedonien und thrazien\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nclarke ( 1942 ) stated\nthis species is named in honor of my friend and former professor . dr . r . l . webster , head of the department of zoology , washington state college . :\nclarke , j . f . g . , 1942 . notes and new species of microlepidoptera from washington state . proceedings of the united states national museum 92 : 273 ; pl . 29 , figs 5 - 5c ; pl . 32 , fig . 15 .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 6 april , 2014 - 8 : 43am last updated 6 april , 2014 - 10 : 43am\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nsend mail to wvdvorst @ urltoken with questions or comments about this web site . copyright \u00a9 2015 urltoken lepidoptera of the world last modified : 01 - 03 - 15\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto see / hide the full list of values , press the very parameter name , i . e . \u201cforewing length\u201d . to clear all fields ( including hidden values ) press \u201creset\u201d button below the form .\nsubgenus or higher taxon . autofill search . you may enter only one taxon name\nif the results of the selection will seem inadequate , we recommend to read the section site help .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 935, "summary": [{"text": "joculator hedleyi is a species of minute sea snails , marine gastropod molluscs in the family cerithiopsidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by laseron in 1951 . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "joculator hedleyi", "paragraphs": ["species joculator ridicula accepted as joculator ridiculus ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( incorrect gender ending )\nspecies joculator turriger ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) accepted as horologica turrigera ( r . b . watson , 1886 )\nspecies joculator turrigera ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) accepted as horologica turrigera ( r . b . watson , 1886 )\ncerithiopsis ridicula r . b . watson , 1886 accepted as joculator ridiculus ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( type by original designation )\ncomparison : this is close to joculator gracilis but is much smaller . the figured specimen is 4\u00bd whorls while the figured specimen of j . gracilis is 6 whorls , and one might consider this to be a smaller specimen of j . gracilis . but the spire is more strongly convex , so i follow laseron and leave it as a separate species .\nmarshall b . ( 1978 ) . cerithiopsidae of new zealand , and a provisional classification of the family . new zealand journal of zoology 5 ( 1 ) : 47 - 120 . , available online at urltoken ; = pa47 [ details ]\ndescription ( based on syntypes ) : shell small for the family , spire strongly convex , last whorl constricted , greatest width at penultimate whorl . protoconch unknown ( broken on all syntypes ) . teleoconch of up to 4\u00bd nearly straight sided whorls with impressed suture ; whorls with 3 spiral cords crossed by weaker axial ribs , forming strong nodules at intersections . last whorl with undulating , unbeaded cord level with top of aperture ; base weakly concave with a weaker broad , low spiral cord . outer lip of aperture expanded , thin ; inner lip heavily calloused . anterior canal a deep u - shaped notch . colour mid - brown .\ndistribution : syntypes from carss park , kogarah bay , sydney , nsw , from dredge spoil . no other specimens available .\nfig . 1 : carss park , kogarah bay , sydney , nsw from dredge spoil . ( c . 102708 syntype )\ndescription : shell small for the family , spire strongly convex , last whorl constricted , greatest width at penultimate whorl . protoconch of 4 whorls , smooth . teleoconch of up to 6 nearly straight sided whorls with impressed suture ; whorls with 3 spiral cords crossed by weaker axial ribs , forming strong nodules at intersections . last whorl with undulating , unbeaded cord level with top of aperture ; base weakly concave with a weaker broad , low spiral cord . outer lip of aperture expanded , thin ; inner lip heavily calloused . anterior canal a deep u - shaped notch . colour mid - brown .\ndistribution : syntypes from dolls point , georges river , nsw , in 8 fathoms ( 14 m ) . additional material available ( 7 lots ) : dolls point , georges river ; little coogee bay ; off nelson head 15 - 18 m ; bottle & glass rocks , sydney harbour ; off bottle & glass rocks ; south west of solitary is . in 15 m ; queenscliffe , port phillip , victoria\nhabitat : shallow subtidal . laseron ( 1951 ) reported it as\nnot uncommon\n.\nfig . 1 : dolls point , georges river , sydney . ( c . 102701 syntype 1 , protoconch broken )\nfig . 2 : dolls point , georges river , sydney . ( c . 102701 syntype 2 ) protoconch\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a fact about jocular ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for jocular ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 952, "summary": [{"text": "pterocaesio is a genus of fusiliers found in the indian and pacific oceans , with these currently recognized species : pterocaesio capricornis j. l. b. smith & m. m. smith , 1963 ( capricorn fusilier ) pterocaesio chrysozona ( g. cuvier , 1830 ) ( goldband fusilier ) pterocaesio digramma ( bleeker , 1864 ) ( double-lined fusilier ) pterocaesio flavifasciata g. r. allen & erdmann , 2006 ( yellowstripe fusilier ) pterocaesio lativittata k. e. carpenter , 1987 ( wide-band fusilier ) pterocaesio marri l. p. schultz , 1953 ( marr 's fusilier ) pterocaesio monikae g. r. allen & erdmann , 2008 pterocaesio pisang ( bleeker , 1853 ) ( banana fusilier ) pterocaesio randalli k. e. carpenter , 1987 ( randall 's fusilier ) pterocaesio tessellata k. e. carpenter , 1987 ( one-stripe fusilier ) pterocaesio tile ( g. cuvier , 1830 ) ( dark-banded fusilier ) pterocaesio trilineata k. e. carpenter , 1987 ( three-stripe fusilier )", "topic": 14}], "title": "pterocaesio", "paragraphs": ["pterocaesio digramma is heavily exploited throughout parts of its range ( carpenter 2001 ) .\njustification : pterocaesio digramma is widely distributed in the indo - west pacific to depths of up to 50 m . it is a coastal species that primarily occurs around reefs . pterocaesio digramma is a popular food fish and is heavily exploited in parts of its range . however , it is inferred that where fishing pressure is low , stable populations remain . therefore , p . digramma is listed least concern .\npterocaesio digramma ranges from indonesia , western australia and new caledonia to southern japan ( carpenter 1987 ) . it has also been reported from norfolk island ( francis 1991 ) and tonga ( randall et al . 2003 ) . the occurrence reported from r\u00e9union ( hureau 1991 ) is most likely a mis - identification pterocaesio marriof . the depth range for this species is zero to 50 m ( carpenter 1987 ) .\ndouble - lined fusiliers , pterocaesio digramma , being attended by a common cleanerfish , labroides dimidiatus , near vlaming head , north west cape , western australia , december 2017 . source : kristin anderson / inaturalist . org . license : cc by attribution - noncommercial\nwestern pacific : indonesia and western australia to new caledonia , north to southern japan . recently reported from norfolk island ( ref . 8881 ) and tonga ( ref . 53797 ) . report from r\u00e9union ( ref . 4517 ) is probably a misidentification of pterocaesio marri .\nranges widely around coral reefs ( ref . 58652 ) , sometimes forming schools with other pterocaesio species . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) . also caught mostly by drive - in nets . important tuna baitfish .\npterocaesio digramma is a coastal species and primarily occurs around coral reefs ( carpenter 1988 ) . this species is a group spawner ( yokoyama et al . 1994 ) and feeds on zooplankton in large midwater aggregations . the maximum recorded length of this species is 30 cm tl ( carpenter 1988 ) .\npterocaesio digramma is a moderately important food fish and has traditionally been one of the most popular caesionids in philippines food markets . it is caught by drive - in nets , gill nets , and traps ( carpenter 1988 ) and is sold fresh or dried salted ( carpenter 2001 ) . this species is also caught during blast fishing .\npterocaesio digramma was one of the most abundant species in surveys conducted off papua new guinea with this species comprising ~ 18 - 27 % of the total fish count at five of the 50 sites surveyed ( allen et al . 2000 ) . pterocaesio digramma was also one of the most abundant species in a survey conducted off northern taiwan at various artificial reef sites with 400 individuals recorded from three sites ( jan et al . 2003 ) . pterocaesio digramma comprised 0 . 94 % of the catch composition of multiple hook and line in lagonoy gulf ( july 1997 - june 2002 ) ( ola\u00f1o et al . 2009 ) . in the philippines , this species was previously encountered regularly , both underwater and in fish markets . pterocaesio digramma , and other caesionids , have been heavily over - exploited in the philippines and presently are rarely encountered ( k . carpenter pers . comm . 2015 ) . local populations of caesionids are easily reduced significantly due to fishing pressure ( alcala and russ 1990 ) . however , localities of relatively high abundance remain in some areas . in the solomon islands , this species is rarely seen but it is common ( allen 2006 ) . surveys around the populous islands of the solomons showed a mean density of 165 . 9 / ha and surveys around the remote islands showed a mean density of 15 . 2 / ha ( a . green unpublished data ) . mean density from raja ampat was shown to be 267 . 7 / ha ( a . green unpublished data ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nfao species catalogue . vol . 8 . fusilier fishes of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to date\nprepared by kent e . carpenter mariculture and fisheries department kuwait institute for scientific research p . o . box 1638 salmiya 22017 kuwait\nthe designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations concerning the legal status of any country , territory , city or area or of its authorities , or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries .\nall rights reserved . reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non - commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged . reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders . applications for such permission should be addressed to the chief , publishing and multimedia service , information division , fao , viale delle terme di caracalla , 00100 rome , italy or by email to copyright @ urltoken\nthis is the eighth in the fao series of worldwide annotated and illustrated catalogues of major groups of organisms that enter marine fisheries . the present volume includes 20 caesionid species belonging to 4 genera . it provides comprehensive , illustrated keys and a glossary of technical terms and measurements . individual accounts of species include drawings , scientific and vernacular names , information on habitat , biology and fisheries , and a distribution map . lists of nominal species in the family and of valid species by major marine fishing areas follow the species accounts . the work is fully indexed and there is ample reference to pertinent literature .\ngreek , pteron = wing , fin + latin , caesius = blue grey ( ref . 45335 )\nmarine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 0 - 50 m ( ref . 402 ) . tropical ; 30\u00b0n - 24\u00b0s , 97\u00b0e - 171\u00b0e ( ref . 402 )\nmaturity : l m 21 . 3 range ? - ? cm max length : 30 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 402 )\ndorsal spines ( total ) : 10 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 11 - 12 . body blue to greenish dorsally , white ventrally . with two thin yellow to orange lines ; lower line mostly just below lateral line . black tips on caudal fin ( ref . 48636 ) . 4 - 5 scales on cheek ; 24 - 31 predorsal scales ; scaled dorsal and anal fins . upper peduncular scale rows usually 12 or 13 ( 11 - 14 ) ; lower peduncular scale rows usually 16 or 17 ( 16 - 18 ) . a broad process on ventrolateral surface of basioccipital for attachment of baudelot ' s ligament , extending ventrally beyond a horizontal with condyle ' s rim , adjacent to condyle . post maxillary with 2 processes ; posterior end of maxilla tapered ( ref . 1723 ) . head length 3 . 0 - 3 . 5 in sl ; body depth 3 . 5 - 4 . 1 in sl ( ref . 90102 ) .\nfound in coastal areas , primarily around coral reefs ( ref . 402 ) , turning bright red ( ref . 48636 ) . feed on zooplankton in midwater aggregations ( ref . 402 ) . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) .\nmating behavior observed from an aquarium include six distinguishable patterns : 1 ) up and down swimming ; 2 ) courtship ; 3 ) rushing ; 4 ) pair spawning ; 5 ) sperm release by sneakers ; and 6 ) post spawning ( ref . 37529 ) . at nearly sunset , the usual quiet pack of fish give way to spawners swimming at the surface . a male selects a female and initiates pecking and pushing of the female ' s abdomen with his snout . at the rushing stage , the male pushed the female forward , and the couple began to swim in a semicircle in short bursts while other 10 - 15 sneakers within the school joined in . the initial couple then released eggs and sperm at the surface with their abdomens facing one another . some of the leading sneakers may also release sperm at the same spot where the initial couple spawned . after spawning , the pair with the sneakers return to the school ( ref . 37529 ) .\ncarpenter , k . e . , 1987 . revision of the indo - pacific fish family caesionidae ( lutjanoidea ) , with descriptions of five new species . indo - pac . fish . ( 15 ) : 56 p . ( ref . 1723 )\n) : 24 . 7 - 29 , mean 28 ( based on 702 cells ) .\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5002 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01148 ( 0 . 00624 - 0 . 02112 ) , b = 3 . 16 ( 3 . 00 - 3 . 32 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 \u00b10 . 48 se ; based on food items .\nresilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( tm = 2 - 3 ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 31 of 100 ) .\nmarine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 0 - 50 m ( ref . 90102 ) . tropical ; 0\u00b0s - 15\u00b0s , 68\u00b0e - 154\u00b0e ( ref . 402 )\nindian ocean : chagos archipelago to christmas and cocos - keeling islands . western central pacific : papua new guinea , philippines ( ref . 43437 , 53416 , 57038 , 59110 ) . reports from the comoros in western indian ocean ( ref . 4517 ) is being confirmed .\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 23 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 90102 ) ; common length : 11 . 4 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 37816 )\ndorsal spines ( total ) : 10 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 12 - 13 . body bluish or reddish dorsally , lighter ventrally . 4 - 5 cheek scales ; 23 - 30 predorsal scales ; scaled dorsal and anal fins ; confluent supra - temporal band of scales at dorsal midline . upper peduncular scale rows 12 - 14 ; lower peduncular scale rows usually 16 - 17 ( 15 - 17 ) . post maxillary processes 2 ; posterior end of maxilla tapered . a small flat process on either side of ventrolateral surface of basioccipital , projection not ventrally far from ventral rim of condyle ( ref . 1723 ) . caudal fin lobes with dark tips . head length 3 . 1 - 3 . 7 in sl ; body depth 4 . 1 - 5 . 3 in sl ( ref . 90102 ) .\ninhabits coastal , lagoon , and seaward areas around coral reefs ( ref . 90102 ) . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) . maximum length observed in the field estimated at about 20 - 25 cm tl ( ref . 74965 ) .\n) : 27 . 2 - 29 , mean 27 . 9 ( based on 128 cells ) .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01072 ( 0 . 00465 - 0 . 02469 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 \u00b10 . 45 se ; based on food items .\nresilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 19 of 100 ) .\n: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\n: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\nmarine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 1 - 30 m ( ref . 90102 ) . tropical ; 23\u00b0n - 20\u00b0s , 72\u00b0e - 171\u00b0e ( ref . 402 )\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 25 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 402 ) ; common length : 18 . 5 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 37816 )\ndorsal spines ( total ) : 10 - 11 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 11 - 13 .\ninhabits clear coastal to outer reef slopes or drop - offs ( ref . 48636 ) . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) . caught mainly by drive - in - nets .\n) : 27 . 7 - 29 . 3 , mean 28 . 8 ( based on 2058 cells ) .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01318 ( 0 . 00704 - 0 . 02469 ) , b = 3 . 16 ( 3 . 00 - 3 . 32 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 20 of 100 ) .\nmarine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 1 - 100 m ( ref . 37816 ) . tropical ; 30\u00b0n - 32\u00b0s , 32\u00b0e - 178\u00b0w ( ref . 402 )\nindo - west pacific : east africa ( excluding the red sea and arabian ( persian ) gulf ) eastward to fiji . reported from the ryukyu islands ( ref . 559 ) .\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 21 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 402 ) ; common length : 13 . 8 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 37816 )\ndorsal spines ( total ) : 10 - 11 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 11 - 13 . variable body coloration , dark red to silvery , paler ventrally with lateral line darker ; often yellowish snout and eyes . caudal fin tips distinctly black or reddish black ( ref . 48636 ) . 4 - 5 scales on cheek ; 21 - 29 predorsal scales ; scaled dorsal and anal fins . upper peduncular scale rows usually 11 ( 10 - 12 ) ; lower peduncular scale rows usually 15 ( 13 - 17 ) . ventrolateral surface of basioccipital with a broad process for attachment of baudelot ' s ligament . post maxillary with 2 processes ; posterior end of maxilla tapered ( ref . 1723 ) . head length 3 . 0 - 3 . 5 in sl ; body depth 3 . 6 - 4 . 8 in sl ( ref . 90102 ) .\n) : 25 . 9 - 28 . 4 , mean 27 . 5 ( based on 310 cells ) .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00546 - 0 . 01831 ) , b = 3 . 11 ( 2 . 95 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\nresilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( k = 1 . 05 ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 14 of 100 ) .\ndescription ranges widely around coral reefs . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . also caught by drive - in nets . forms large . . .\ndescription ranges widely around coral reefs . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . also caught by drive - in nets . forms large schools . [ details ]\nthe webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license\nfroese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nliu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of caesio cylindricus g\u00fcnther , 1859 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of caesio multiradiatus steindachner , 1861 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of caesio tile cuvier , 1830 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of caesio tile cuvier , 1830 ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\n( of caesio tricolor cuvier , 1830 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of clupeolabrus dubius nichols , 1923 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhong kong marine fish database . afcd . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nbleeker , p . 1864 . atlas ichtyologique des indes orientales n\u00e9\u00earlandaises . publie sous les auspices du gouvernement colonial n\u00e9\u00e8landaises . amsterdam .\nrussell , b . , myers , r . , smith - vaniz , w . f . , carpenter , k . e . & lawrence , a .\naustralia ; brunei darussalam ; cambodia ; china ; disputed territory ( paracel is . , spratly is . ) ; indonesia ; japan ; korea , republic of ; malaysia ; new caledonia ; norfolk island ; papua new guinea ; philippines ; singapore ; solomon islands ; taiwan , province of china ; thailand ; timor - leste ; tonga ; vanuatu ; viet nam\nthere are no species - specific conservation efforts in place for p . digramma ; however , the range for this species overlaps with marine protected areas ( iucn and unep 2014 ) such as the great barrier reef marine park and the togian islands marine protected areas in indonesia .\nrussell , b . , myers , r . , smith - vaniz , w . f . , carpenter , k . e . & lawrence , a . 2016 .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nthe doubleline fusilier is a slender species that is usually seen swimming in schools well above the bottom .\nthe doubleline fusilier can usually be recognised by its colouration . during the day it is blue to green dorsally , white ventrally and has black caudal fin tips . at night the colouration changes to that seen in the lower image .\nthere are always two yellow stripes running along the sides of the body . the upper stripe runs from the nape to the caudal peduncle , following the dorsal body profile . the lower stripe follows the lateral line from the eye to the caudal fin base .\nit is often listed in publications as p . diagramma ( with an ' a ' as the third letter ) . this spelling is incorrect .\nthe species is recorded from indonesia to new caledonia and north to southern japan . in australia it occurs off central to north - western western australia and from northern queensland to the central coast of new south wales .\nthe map below shows the australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in australian museums . source : atlas of living australia .\nallen , g . r . 1997 . marine fishes of tropical australia and south - east asia . western australian museum . pp . 292 .\nallen , g . r . & r . swainston . 1988 . the marine fishes of north - western australia . a field guide for anglers and divers . western australian museum . pp . 201 .\ncarpenter , k . e . 1988 . fao species catalog . vol . 8 . fusilier fishes of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to date . fao fish . synop . no . 125 : i - iv + 1 - 75 .\nranges widely around coral reefs . juveniles occasionally appear in large numbers in shallow lagoons and on reef flats ( ref . 9710 ) . feeds on zooplankton in midwater aggregations . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) . also caught by drive - in nets . tuna baitfish .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nfound in coastal areas , primarily around coral reefs ( ref . 402 ) , turning bright red ( ref . 48636 ) . feed on zooplankton in midwater aggregations ( ref . 402 ) . oviparous , with numerous , small pelagic eggs ( ref . 402 ) ."]}
{"id": 957, "summary": [{"text": "garrha brachytricha is a moth in the oecophoridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by turner in 1927 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from tasmania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the forewings are ochreous-pink , inclining to pale brick-red . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "garrha brachytricha", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for brachytricha definition . you find here brachytricha meaning , synonyms of brachytricha and images for brachytricha copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word brachytricha . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word brachytricha and , of course , brachytricha synonyms and on the right images related to the word brachytricha .\nhave a fact about garrha pyrrhopasta ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for garrha pyrrhopasta ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nmachimia brachytricha turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 147\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nturner , a . j . 1927 ,\nnew and little known tasmanian lepidoptera . part ii\n, papers and proceedings of the royal society of tasmania , vol . 1926 , pp . 119 - 164\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 134a1467 - 090a - 49ed - 8b2c - be56f7cb116e\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 904134ab - c62d - 4a02 - 8abb - c7948b287a0c\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 38dd9672 - b7c5 - 4b8a - 9c3c - a76eb14a7b7f\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 361141\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nheliocausta achroa turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 4\nheliocausta acosmeta turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 4\nmachimia agglomerata meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 12 ) : 375\nmachimia alma meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 174 ; tl : victoria , gisborne\nmachimia amata meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 175 ; tl : west australia , waroona\nheliocausta arrhodea turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 113\nhoplitica atripunctatella turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 7\naustralia ( victoria , s . australia , e . australia ) . see [ maps ]\nhoplitica cholodella meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 507\nmachimia coccinea turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 59\nhoplitica costimacula meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 502\nmachimia cylicotypa turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 111\nmachimia defessa meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 12 ) : 376\neuryplaca demotica meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 489\nhoplitica eugramma lower , 1894 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 18 : 93\ncryptopeges icasta turner , 1941 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 66 : 406\nheliocausta idiosema turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 113\nmachimia interjecta turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 116\nhoplitica leucerythra meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 501\nheliocausta limbata meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 471\nmachimia mesogaea turner , 1916 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 41 ( 2 ) : 371\nhoplitica metriopis meyrick , 1888 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 2 ( 4 ) : 941\nmachimia micromita turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 107\nmachimia mitescens meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 174 ; tl : queensland , townsville\neuryplaca ocellifera meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 488\nmachimia ochra turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 109\ncoesyra paraderces meyrick , 1889 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 3 : 1659\nmachimia phaeoporphyra turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 92 ; tl : tasmania , derwent bridge\nmachimia phoenopis turner , 1916 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 41 ( 2 ) : 371 ; tl : n . australia , port darwin ; queensland , brisbane ; mt tambourine ; toowoomba\nmachimia platyporphyra turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 111 ( emend . )\nhoplitica pseudota lower , 1901 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 25 ( 2 ) : 85\nmachimia pyrrhopasta turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 114\nmachimia rubella turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 92 ; tl : tasmania , derwent bridge\nhoplitica rufa meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 504\nmachimia rufescens turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108\nhoplitica rufimaculella turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 7\nhoplitica sericata meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 497\nheliocausta spatiosa meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 387\nmachimia submissa turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108\nmachimia umbratica turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108\ncoesyra zonostola meyrick , 1884 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 9 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) : 772\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\ndescriptions of australian micro - lepidoptera . xi & xii . oecophoridae - ( continued )\nzeller , 1855 nachtrag zu den im 9ten bande bescriebenen arten ds genus cryptolechia linn . ent . 10 : 145 - 168\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\n( w . t . wang & d . y . chen ) r . b . mao & yin z . wang\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 970, "summary": [{"text": "the grey-eyed greenlet ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) is a species of bird in the family vireonidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in bolivia and brazil .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , and heavily degraded former forest . ", "topic": 24}], "title": "grey - eyed greenlet", "paragraphs": ["gray - eyed greenlet ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) , photographed in afonso cl\u00e1udio , esp\u00edrito santo - southeast of brazil . atlantic forest biome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nsacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .\njustification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthe global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) .\nmap edited : shaded the two disyunct populations in beni ( bolivia ) and w mato grosso ( brazil ) . eoo updated .\n( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22705276a118694105 .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nhbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .\nno flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .\nthis species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : hylophilus amaurocephalus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nenglish spanish online dictionary term bank , where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwe ' ve sent an email to please follow the instructions to reset your password .\nenter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .\nif is associated with an alamy account you ' ll receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password .\n' vite - vite - de - olho - cinza ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) fotografado em afonso claudio , esp\u00edrito santo - sudeste do brasil . bioma mata atl\u00e2ntica . registr"]}
{"id": 977, "summary": [{"text": "noctueliopsis virula is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by barnes and mcdunnough in 1918 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , california and nevada .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is 5 \u2013 6 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are olivaceous brown with a slight ruddy tinge .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a white shade at the base above the inner margin .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the lines are black .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are pure white with faint brown terminal dots in males .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings of the females have a brown terminal line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from march to april and in june . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "noctueliopsis virula", "paragraphs": ["the original description as noctuelia virula barnes & mcdunnough is available online in the print references below .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 22 . 3m ; p . 171 . book review and ordering\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nbarnes & mcdunnough 1918 . contributions to the natural history of the lepidoptera of north america , 4 : 168 , pl . 23 , fig . 9 .\nmunroe , e . g . 1961 : synopsis of the north american odontiinae , with descriptions of new genera and species ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . \u2013 memoirs of the entomological society of canada , ottawa 93 ( 24 ) : 49 .\npowell , j . a . , & p . a . opler 2009 . moths of western north america . p . 171 , pl . 22 . 3 .\nsynopsis of the north american odontiinae , with descriptions of new genera and species ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) eugene g . munroe . 1961 . memoirs of the entomological society of canada . 93 ( 24 ) : 1 - 93 .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 20 october , 2011 - 11 : 38pm additional contributions by kyhl austin last updated 17 may , 2016 - 7 : 53pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\ndoctype html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nthe bookreader requires javascript to be enabled . please check that your browser supports javascript and that it is enabled in the browser settings . you can also try one of the other formats of the book .\nbesides being memorable , . com domains are unique : this is the one and only . com name of it ' s kind . other extensions usually just drive traffic to their . com counterparts . to learn more about premium . com domain valuations , watch the video below :\n73 % of all domains registered on the web are . coms . the reason is simple : . com is the where most of web traffic happens . owning a premium . com gives you great benefits including better seo , name recognition , and providing your site with a sense of authority .\nvery fast and eay service to understand . . . - ivan baca , 12 / 25 / 2017\nthe purchase of domain was easy and fast . - ivan gusinskiy , 12 / 25 / 2017\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\nmemoirs of the entomological society of canada . 93 ( 24 ) : 1 - 93 , 1961\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 22 april , 2013 - 12 : 29pm\nkearfott , w . d . 1909 . descriptions of new species of north american crambid moths . proceedings of the united states national museum 35 : 367 - 393 .\na generic revision of the aquatic moths of north america : ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , nymphulinae ) .\nsolis m . a . , 2009 . transfer of all western hemisphere cybalomiinae to other subfamilies ( crambidae pyraloidea : lepidoptera ) : elusia schaus , dichochroma forbes , schacontia dyar , cybalomia extorris warren , and c . lojanalis ( dognin ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington . 111 : 493\u2013504 download at researchgate here\nstudies on the crambidae ( lepidoptera ) . part 41 . on some tropical crambidae with descriptions of new genera and species .\nnacoleia charesalis ( walker , 1859 ) ( pyraloidea : crambidae : spilomelinae ) is a medium - sized brown moth with a native range from the southeast asian tropics to northern australia . it was first detected in southern florida , usa , in 2012 and known to be spreading rapidly northward . it resembles some native north american pyraustine species . this paper summarizes its current distribution , diagnostic characters and known behavior . download pdf here\ndescription of last - instar larvae of 22 species of north american spilomelini ( lepidoptera : pyralidae : pyraustinae ) . . .\ndescription of last - instar larvae of 22 species of north american spilomelini ( lepidoptera : pyralidae : pyraustinae ) with a key to species . abstract and access\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 11 june , 2013 - 3 : 18pm\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on image to enlarge .\na variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to calphotos . please follow the usage guidelines provided with each image . use and copyright information , as well as other details about the photo such as the date and the location , are available by clicking on the"]}
{"id": 979, "summary": [{"text": "bucculatrix parvinotata is a moth in the bucculatricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona and new mexico .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 11 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are white with black scales .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are ocherous tinged .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing in july . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "bucculatrix parvinotata", "paragraphs": ["bucculatrix brunnella sp . n . ( lepidoptera , bucculatricidae ) from sicily and sardinia\nbucculatrix mirnae ( h . a . vargas & g . r . p . moreira , 2012 )\nmost authors recognize just a single large genus , bucculatrix , although two australian species , cryphioxena notosema and the scribbly gum moth ( ogmograptis scribula ) are sometimes placed in this family rather than in elachistidae .\nmost authors recognize just a single large genus , bucculatrix , although two australian species , cryphioxena notosema and the scribbly gum moth ( ogmograptis scribula ) are sometimes placed in this family rather than in elachistidae .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nbucculatricidae or ( bucculatrigidae ) is a family of moths . this small family has representatives in all parts of the world . some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family lyonetiidae .\nadults of this family are easily overlooked , being very small with narrow wings wrapped around the body at rest . when small , the larvae are leaf - miners , forming distinctive brown blotches on leaves . when larger , they usually feed on the leaves externally . many species have specific host plants . the pupal cases have distinctive longitudinal ridges , leading to members of the family commonly being called ribbed cocoon makers .\nbucculatricidae or ( bucculatrigidae ) is a family of moths . this small family has representatives in all parts of the world . some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family lyonetiidae .\nadults of this family are easily overlooked , being very small with narrow wings wrapped around the body at rest . when small , the larvae are leaf - miners , forming distinctive brown blotches on leaves . when larger , they usually feed on the leaves externally . many species have specific host plants . the pupal cases have distinctive longitudinal ridges , leading to members of the family commonly being called ribbed cocoon makers .\nthis page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en"]}
{"id": 999, "summary": [{"text": "the red-crowned ant tanager ( habia rubica ) is a medium-sized passerine bird from tropical america .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the genus habia was long placed with the tanagers ( thraupidae ) , but it is actually closer to the cardinals ( cardinalidae ) .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "consequently , it can be argued that referring to the members of this genus as ant-tanagers is misleading , but no other common name has gained usage .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "red-crowned ant tanagers are 18 cm ( 7.1 in ) long and weigh 34 g ( 1.2 oz ) ( male ) or 31 g ( 1.1 oz ) ( female ) .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "adult males are dull reddish brown with a brighter red throat and breast .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the black-bordered scarlet crown stripe is raised when the bird is excited .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the female is yellowish brown with a yellow throat and yellow-buff crown stripe .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the red-crowned ant tanager is a shy but noisy bird .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "its call is a rattle followed by a musical pee-pee-pee .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "this bird is a resident breeder from mexico south to paraguay and northern argentina , and on trinidad .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "common in its wide range , it is not considered threatened by the iucn .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "it preferentially occurs in the middle stratum of the forest as well as undergrowth rich in ferns , shrubs and herbs .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "these birds are found in pairs or family groups .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "they eat mainly arthropods , but berries are also taken .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "in central america and trinidad they frequently attend army ant columns , and in the lowland forests of southeastern brazil they may be a nuclear species of understory mixed-species feeding flocks \u2013 though further uphill , e.g. in the serra de paranapiacaba , they seem to join such flocks only rarely and prefer to follow the ants on their own .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "they also follow south american coatis ( nasua nasua ) on their feeding excursions , namely in the dry season .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "in both cases , they are commensales , snatching invertebrate prey startled by the ants or coatis .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "the shallow cup nest is usually built in a sapling or tree fern near a stream , and the normal clutch is two brown-blotched white eggs .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the female incubates the eggs for 13 days prior to hatching , with about ten days more before the chicks fledge . ", "topic": 28}], "title": "red - crowned ant tanager", "paragraphs": ["17\u201319 cm ; male 27\u00b77\u201342\u00b79 g , female 22\u00b75\u201337 g . mostly brownish - red ant - tanager with strong bill and no obvious crest . male nominate race is mainly dull brownish - red above , . . .\nel diamante , esquipulas - quepos . foraging with varios ant birds , woodcreepers and others .\nhilty , s . ( 2018 ) . red - crowned ant - tanager ( habia rubica ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\na recent phylogeographic analysis of the red - crowned ant - tanager ( habia rubica ) , based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers and also considering differences in song and plumage coloration , suggests that at least three different species should be considered : habia rubica in the atlantic forest area ( brazil , paraguay and argentina ) , rubra in the rest of south america and h . rubicoides in mexico and central america # r .\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : habia rubica . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nsacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .\njustification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\npartners in flight estimate the total population to number 5 , 000 , 000 - 50 , 000 , 000 individuals ( a . panjabi in litt . 2008 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 11 . 7 - 13 . 3 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 13 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nin costa rica a couple was aided by another female in the rearing the chicks . the youth help their parents in the care of the chicks .\nthere are many ways to contribute\u2014we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !\n) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :\nhbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .\nno flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .\na rare vocalization of this species near a stream in the atlantic rainforest . because this voice this species is known as . . .\njuan sanabria , desmond allen , josep del hoyo , richard garrigues , manakincarmelo , dave jackson , peter nash , jacob . wijpkema .\nmanakincarmelo , manuel retana , andre zambolli , ileyne lopes , caduagne , pedro h ramos , josef widmer , juanjaimemg , paul van giersbergen , mauricio rueda , antonio silveira , lindolfo souto , samantha klein .\nnominate race and bahiae geographically isolated from ( and larger and darker than ) all other races , in se brazil , and thought in hbw possibly to represent a separate species , while a recent phylogeographic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers that also took into account differences in song and , to a lesser extent , in plumage coloration suggested that as many as three species might be involved , the rubra group over the rest of south america and rubicoides in middle america , as well as the nominate # r . however , differences between the racial groups are not always clear - cut or pronounced . several of the numerous races are weakly differentiated and seem barely worth recognizing . seventeen subspecies recognized .\n( nelson , 1898 ) \u2013 pacific slope of sw mexico from nayarit and jalisco s to guerrero .\n\u2013 s mexico ( from puebla , e oaxaca , tabasco and chiapas ) , guatemala and belize s to honduras , el salvador and nicaragua .\n( lawrence , 1867 ) \u2013 pacific slope of costa rica ( s from nicoya peninsula ) and panama ( e to dari\u00e9n ) .\nphelps , sr & phelps , jr , 1957 \u2013 sierra de perij\u00e1 region of venezuela\u2013colombia .\n( todd , 1919 ) \u2013 base of andes in w venezuela ( s from lara ) and adjacent nc colombia ( norte de santander , ne boyac\u00e1 , w casanare ) ; also recorded in nw colombia ( c\u00f3rdoba ) .\nparkes , 1969 \u2013 e venezuela ( r yuru\u00e1n region of e bol\u00edvar ) .\n( salvin & godman , 1883 ) \u2013 colombia e of andes ( from meta s to caquet\u00e1 ) , e ecuador , ne peru and nw brazil .\n( taczanowski , 1884 ) \u2013 e peru , w brazil and n bolivia ( s to santa cruz ) .\ngriscom & greenway , 1937 \u2013 c brazil s of r amazon ( e to r xingu , s to n mato grosso ) .\nhellmayr , 1936 \u2013 ne & ce brazil ( alagoas ; se bahia ) .\n\u2013 se brazil ( from s minas gerais and esp\u00edrito santo s to rio grande do sul ) , e paraguay and ne argentina ( misiones ) .\nhas diverse array of vocalizations , some harsh , some exceptionally melodic . in middle america three . . .\nbreeding reported may and jun ( less often as early as feb ) in mexico , apr\u2013jul in belize , mar in guatemala and feb\u2013jun in costa rica ; feb\u2013 . . .\nnot globally threatened ( least concern ) . widespread , and uncommon to locally fairly common . occurs in a large number of parks and reserves throughout its large range , and its . . .\nonly subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !\nonly members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !\npreviously included in a much broader emberizidae . limits and composition redrawn in recent years , based on extensive molecular work # r # r . as compared to hbw : granatellus is imported from parulidae , amaurospiza from passerellidae ( part of emberizidae in hbw ) , and habia ( now including chlorothraupis ) and piranga from thraupidae ; at the same time , saltator and parkerthraustes have been removed to thraupidae .\non basis of molecular evidence # r # r # r , may form a monophyletic group with piranga and chlorothraupis ; all three previously placed in thraupidae , but same studies show them to belong instead in present family . furthermore , chlorothraupis is merged into habia to resolve paraphyly , as h . rubica is closer to \u201c chlorothraupis \u201d than to h . fuscicauda and h . gutturalis # r .\nget access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 \u20ac ( instead of 59 . 90 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 85 \u20ac )\nsupporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .\nview more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 9 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 134 . 85 \u20ac )\nthere is a registration fee of 20\u20ac . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won\u2019t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .\nif you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .\nthis map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .\ntook a second before i knew what it was , slightly haunting . low - pass filtered at 400 hz .\nhumid forest . reference : jn2 . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nthis species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmyavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .\nthere are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .\nthere are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .\nhabia rubica holobrunnea : subtrop . e mexico ( s tamaulipas to veracruz and n oaxaca )\nhoward and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :\nyou must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .\navibase has been visited 263 , 298 , 781 times since 24 june 2003 . \u00a9 denis lepage | privacy policy"]}
{"id": 1014, "summary": [{"text": "anacampsis primigenia is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by meyrick in 1918 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in ecuador , colombia and on the galapagos islands .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 14-16 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are grey , sometimes finely sprinkled whitish , with scattered black specks and with a small black spot on the base of the costa , as well as a cloudy blackish dot or oblique mark above or crossing the fold at one-fourth .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a cloudy dark dot on the dorsum at one-fifth .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the stigmata are cloudy and blackish or dark grey , the plical rather obliquely before the first discal .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is an indistinct pale or whitish obtusely angulated shade from three-fourths of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus , preceded on the costa by some dark suffusion .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are also marginal blackish dots or marks around the posterior part of the costa and termen .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are rather dark grey , lighter in the disc anteriorly .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the larvae feed on croton scouleri and exedeconus miersii . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "anacampsis primigenia", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about anacampsis primigenia ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for anacampsis primigenia ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nanacampsis primigenia meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : colombia , cali , 500ft ; ecuador , huigra , 4500ft\nanacampsis primigenia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list )\nanacampsis malella amsel , 1959 ; bull . soc . ent . egypt . 43 : 65\nanacampsis sacramenta keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 362\ngelechia ( anacampsis ) tristrigella walsingham , 1882 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 10 : 181\nanacampsis languens meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 142 ; tl : ecuador , duran\nanacampsis aedificata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; tl : brazil , para\nanacampsis diplodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 76 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nanacampsis embrocha meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 192 ; tl : new hanover\nanacampsis flexiloqua meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : peru , iquitos\nanacampsis idiocentra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , santarem\nanacampsis nonstrigella busck , 1906 ; can . ent . 38 ( 4 ) : 121 ; tl : oak station , pennsylvania\nanacampsis parviocellatella bruand , 1850 ; m\u00e9m . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 40\nanacampsis petrographa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 79 ; tl : brazil , obidos\nanacampsis poliombra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nanacampsis cosmia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : natal , durban\nanacampsis lapidella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , grenada\nanacampsis quinquepunctella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 80 ; tl : west indies , grenada\nanacampsis conistica walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , sonora\nanacampsis lithodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos\nanacampsis lupinella busck , 1901 ; can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 14 ; tl : high park , toronto , canada\nanacampsis perquisita meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , para , teff\u00e9\nanacampsis insularis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , st . thomas\nanacampsis solemnella ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]\nanacampsis capyrodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins , teff\u00e9\nanacampsis rivalis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys ; ceylon , kandy\nanacampsis ursula walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , morelos , cuernavaca\nanacampsis fragariella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 760 ; tl : pullman , washington\nanacampsis argyrothamniella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231 ; tl : palm beach , florida\nanacampsis cornifer walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 79 ; tl : west indies , st . croix ; st . thomas\nanacampsis paltodoriella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 848 ; tl : mesilla park , new mexico\nanacampsis triangularis braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california\nanacampsis considerata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos , teff\u00e9 ; peru , jurimaguas , iquitos\nanacampsis phytomiella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 8 ; tl : alhajuela , cabima and porto bello , panama\nanacampsis coverdalella kearfott , 1903 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 162 , pl . 9 , f . 13 ; tl : natchitoches parish , louisiana\nanacampsis rhabdodes walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 36 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\nanacampsis lagunculariella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 230 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : palm beach , florida\nanacampsis psoraliella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 226 , pl . 28 , f . 10 ; tl : iowa , sioux city\nanacampsis meibomiella forbes , 1931 ; j . agric . porto rico 15 ( 4 ) : 376 , pl . 42 , f . 16 ; tl : puerto rico ,\ne . e . a . de cuba\nanacampsis populella ; [ nacl ] , # 2246 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]\nanacampsis niveopulvella ; busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761 ; [ nacl ] , # 2243 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31\nanacampsis ( anacampsini ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]\nanacampsis quinquepunctella ; walsingham , 1910 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; meyrick , 1929 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nanacampsis lagunculariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 78 ; busck , 1914 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 2240 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31\n820x623 ( ~ 87kb ) russia , moscow area , 14 . 8 . 2008 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\nthe exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .\ncompsolechia anisogramma meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : china , shanghai\nlarva on argyrothamnia blodgettii busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231\nuntomia cenelpis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 77 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\nchlorodecta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197\ncompsolechia comparanda meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 506 ; tl : arizona , palmerlee ; texas , alpine\ncrypticopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384\nlarva on fragaria busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761\n= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 14 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30\nlita fuscella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 581\ntachyptilia hirsutella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 256 , pl . 10 , f . 17 ; tl : alpes - maritimes\nhomoplasta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197\ngelechia ( tachyptilia ) innocuella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 249 ; tl : texas\nagriastis inquieta meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 253 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\naproaerema kearfottella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 842 ; tl : new jersey\ncompsolechia lacteochrella [ = lacteusochrella ] meyrick , 1925 ; in wytsman , genera insectorum 184 : 123 ( emend . )\nlarva on laguncularia racemosa busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231\nstrobisia levipedella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 4\ncompsolechia lignaria meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 292 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk\nlarva on lupinus perennis busck , 1901 , can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 15\nmaculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( tachyptilia ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256\ngelechia multinotata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 134 ; tl : british guiana , bartica , mallali\ngelechia niveopulvella chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 11 ) : 210 ; tl : canada\nagriastis nocturna meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 252 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\ntachyptilia panormitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 106\nagriastis peloptila meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\ngelechia pomaceella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 620 ; tl : ega\n= ; park , 2001 , insecta koreana . 18 ( 1 ) : ( 87 - 90 )\nlarva on populus tremula , salix caprea , s . alba , s . spp .\nagriastis prasina meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nlarva on croton scouleri , exedeconus miersii landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 737\nlarva on prunus salicina park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121\ngelechia subactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?\nlarva on salix phylicifolia , s . caprea , s . lapponum , s . repens\ngelechia tephriasella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 4 ) : 68 ; tl : kentucky\ncathegesis tridentella walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 28 , pl . 1 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\ntachyptila trifoliella constant , 1890 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1889 : cxxv\ngelechia ( teleia ) viretella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 340 , pl . 4 , f . 110\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nexpedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths\nicones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae\nlepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes\ndie schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nthe checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .\nthese documents have a structure that includes a list of the authors , a description of the taxonomic group or subject , and a list of the species that are part of the list .\nthe checklists aren ' t updated regularly , since they require revisions from groups of authors before their publication .\na complete set of a checklist include a pdf document and a table in csv format .\ngustavo jim\u00e9nez - uzc\u00e1tegui , david a . wiedenfeld , f . hern\u00e1n vargas , howard l . snell .\nnathalia tirado - sanchez , john mccosker , diego ruiz , angel chiriboga , stuart banks .\nyves finet , nathalia tirado - sanchez , angel chiriboga , diego ruiz , stuart banks .\nfrank bungartz , frauke ziemmeck , alba y\u00e1nez ayabaca , fredy nugra , andr\u00e9 aptroot .\nanne gu\u00e9zou , susana chamorro , paola pozo , ana mireya guerrero , rachel atkinson , chris buddenhagen , patricia jaramillo d\u00edaz , mark gardener .\ngustavo jim\u00e9nez - uzc\u00e1tegui , javier zabala , brian milstead , howard l . snell .\nto get up - to - date information about our work , please subscribe to our e - newsletter or follow us on our social media platforms .\nevery single donation we receive , no matter how small , counts as we are completely dependent on the generosity of others to carry out our scientific projects . we need your passion , loyalty and continual support .\nthe \u201ccharles darwin foundation for the galapagos islands\u201d , in french \u201cfondation charles darwin pour les \u00eeles galapagos\u201d , association international sans but lucratif ( \u201caisbl\u201d ) , has its registered office located at dr\u00e8ve du pieur\u00e9 19 , 1160 brussels , and is registered under the trade registry of brussels under the number 0409 . 359 . 103 .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nbiokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright \u00a9 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy ."]}
{"id": 1023, "summary": [{"text": "pasiphilodes viridescens is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in malaysia , new guinea and possibly borneo .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 20 millimetres ( 0.79 in ) .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are green and the hindwings are pale cinereous , with traces of three or four dusky curved fasciae .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "larvae have been recorded feeding on rhododendron species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "pasiphilodes viridescens", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about pasiphilodes viridescens ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for pasiphilodes viridescens ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word subpalpata . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word subpalpata and , of course , subpalpata synonyms and on the right images related to the word subpalpata .\nand borneo .\nhome of ichneumonoidea\n. taxapad . * * * * y . . .\nthis is the place for subpalpata definition . you find here subpalpata meaning , synonyms of subpalpata and images for subpalpata copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en"]}
{"id": 1026, "summary": [{"text": "agnippe leuconota is a moth in the family gelechiidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from illinois , maine , florida , texas and mexico .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "adults are similar to agnippe prunifoliella , but that species has a small white spot on the base of the costa of the forewings , a distinct white costal spot just before the cilia , and a white streak in the apex , all of which are absent in leuconota .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "in prunifoliella , the white of the dorsal margin sends three large almost triangular projections into the brown , but in this species there are three scarcely perceptible emarginations only .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from may to august . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "agnippe leuconota", "paragraphs": ["i think we can just leave it and let the comments explain . maybe we ' ll make a\nleuconota or prunifoliella\nsome time in the future .\ni ' m not sure how to handle this . i trust sangmi lee to get it right but her spread specimen of prunifoliella on mpg doesn ' t have a distinct white spot . there are few examples of leuconota online but it seems that the separation between the light and dark is generally less sinuous on leuconota than it is on prunifoliella .\naccording to busck here , a . prunifoliella is separated from a . leuconota by the presence of a white costal spot . genetalia is not mentioned . yours has a few white scales forming a faint coastal spot but it seems no more obvious than for examples at bold in bold : aag0028 , the bin holding samples of leuconota . the examples at bold for prunifoliella are mostly in bold : aac3010 and they all have a much larger white costal spot . these two bins are not close and there are couple more with examples that seem intermediate . one of those bins is close to bold : aac3010 and has examples with a reduced coastal spot . perhaps all examples that don ' t have an obvious coastal spot should be placed in a no taxon\nleuconota or prunifoliella\n.\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nbusck , a . , 1903 . a revision of the american moths of the family gelechiidae , with descriptions of new species .\nchambers , v . t . , 1877 . tineina from texas . the canadian entomologist . , 23 .\nchecklist of gelechiidae ( lepidoptera ) in america north of mexico lee s . , hodges r . w . , brown r . l . 2009 . zootaxa 2231 : 1\u201339 .\na revision of the american moths of the family gelechiidae , with descriptions of new species august busck . 1903 . proceedings of the united states national museum 25 : 767 - 938 .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 6 november , 2013 - 9 : 56pm additional contributions by steve nanz last updated 14 december , 2015 - 5 : 58am\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes ."]}
{"id": 1028, "summary": [{"text": "rhinocochlis nasuta is a species of air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family dyakiidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "rhinocochlis nasuta is the only species in the genus rhinocochlis . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "rhinocochlis nasuta", "paragraphs": ["nature and more : green snail - rhinocochlis nasuta | \u00a9paul bertner . . .\nrhinocochlis nasuta ( dyakiidae ) is an elegant land snail known from borneo , with a compressed and small shell up to 24 mm .\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : rhinocochlis nasuta ( w . metcalfe , 1851 ) - id : 4333454764\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\na collection of images showing the wonders of nature . through this blog you can appreciate biodiversity , wildlife , landscape , geology and mineralogy worldwide as well as artistic expressions of nature and some oddities .\n, so if the shell is placed with the apex upward then the opening of the shell is to the left side .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nterms | privacy | phone : 831 . 661 . 5551 | email : info @ urltoken | \u00a9 2015 minden pictures inc | all content on this website is protected by copyright"]}
{"id": 1029, "summary": [{"text": "scurria zebrina is a species of sea snail , a true limpet , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family lottiidae , one of the families of true limpets . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "scurria zebrina", "paragraphs": ["cite this article as : aguilera ma , valdivia n , broitman br ( 2013 ) spatial niche differentiation and coexistence at the edge : co - occurrence distribution patterns in scurria limpets . mar ecol prog ser 483 : 185 - 198 . urltoken\n( of patella zebrina lesson , 1831 ) espoz , c . , lindberg , d . r . , castilla , j . c . , simison , w . b . ( 2004 ) . intertidal limpets of chile and per\u00fa . revista chilena de historia natural . 77 : 257 - 283 . [ details ]\n( of collisella zebrina ( lesson , 1831 ) ) espoz , c . , lindberg , d . r . , castilla , j . c . , simison , w . b . ( 2004 ) . intertidal limpets of chile and per\u00fa . revista chilena de historia natural . 77 : 257 - 283 . [ details ]\nnakano t . & ozawa t . ( 2007 ) . worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order patellogastropoda : molecular , morphological and paleontological evidence . journal of molluscan studies 73 ( 1 ) : 79\u201399 . [ details ]\nespoz , c . , lindberg , d . r . , castilla , j . c . , simison , w . b . ( 2004 ) . intertidal limpets of chile and per\u00fa . revista chilena de historia natural . 77 : 257 - 283 . [ details ]\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nformat summary genbank genbank ( full ) fasta asn . 1 xml insdseq xml tinyseq xml feature table accession list gi list gff3\nfinds sub - sequences or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching regions . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .\nfinds sub - sequence or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching region . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .\nmois\u00e9s a . aguilera 1 , * , nelson valdivia 2 , bernardo r . broitman 1\npublished in meps vol . 483 . online publication date : may 30 , 2013 print issn : 0171 - 8630 ; online issn : 1616 - 1599 copyright \u00a9 2013 inter - research ."]}
{"id": 1055, "summary": [{"text": "the dysderoidea are a clade or superfamily of araneomorph spiders .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "the monophyly of the group , initially consisting of the four families dysderidae , oonopidae , orsolobidae and segestriidae , has consistently been recovered in phylogenetic studies .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "in 2014 , a new family , trogloraptoridae , was created for a recently discovered species trogloraptor marchingtoni .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "it was suggested that trogloraptoridae may be the most basal member of the dysderoidea clade .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "however , a later study found that trogloraptoridae was placed outside the dysderoidea and concluded that it was not part of this clade . ", "topic": 6}], "title": "dysderoidea", "paragraphs": ["on the first african spiders of the family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates ; no . 2892\na new genus of the spider family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) from brazil . american museum novitates ; no . 3112\non melchisedec , a new genus of the spider family oonopidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . ( american museum novitates , no . 3702 )\ndetails - on the first african spiders of the family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates ; no . 2892 - biodiversity heritage library\nfannes , w . ( 2010 ) on melchisedec , a new genus of the spider family oonopidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates , 3702 , 1\u201328 . urltoken\nty - book ti - on the first african spiders of the family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates ; no . 2892 ur - urltoken py - 1987 au - griswold , charles e . au - platnick , norman i . er -\nthe superfamily dysderoidea , a species - rich clade of haplogyne araneomorph spiders encompassing members that are all expected to exhibit holokinetic chromosome structure , is cytogenetically explored for this thesis . holokinetic chromosomes lack primary constriction and centromere . in contrast to standard chromosomes , kinetochore covers most of chromosome surface of the holokinetic chromosomes . holokinetic chromosomes arose multiple times from standard chromosomes during evolution of animals , plants , and protists . due to specific structure , they are extremely tolerant towards chromosomal fusions and fissions . this has major implication on karyotype evolution of dysderoidea and diverse diploid numbers are seen in the superfamily . species . . .\n@ book { bhl171089 , title = { on the first african spiders of the family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates ; no . 2892 } , url = urltoken note = urltoken publisher = { } , author = { griswold , charles e . and platnick , norman i . } , year = { } , pages = { 0 } , }\n< mods xmlns : xlink =\nurltoken\nversion =\n3 . 0\nxmlns : xsi =\nurltoken\nxmlns =\nurltoken\nxsi : schemalocation =\nurltoken urltoken\n> < titleinfo > < title > on the first african spiders of the family orsolobidae ( araneae , dysderoidea ) . american museum novitates ; no . 2892 < / title > < / titleinfo > < name > < namepart > griswold , charles e . < / namepart > < / name > < name > < namepart > platnick , norman i . < / namepart > < / name > < typeofresource > text < / typeofresource > < genre authority =\nmarcgt\n> book < / genre > < origininfo > < dateissued > 1987 < / dateissued > < / origininfo > < physicaldescription > < form authority =\nmarcform\n> print < / form > < / physicaldescription > < language > < languageterm authority =\niso639 - 2b\ntype =\ntext\n> english < / languageterm > < / language > < identifier type =\nuri\n> urltoken < / identifier > < / mods >\njavascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .\ndetailed review of the present knowledge of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa of spiders .\nconceptualization of characters based on data from 154 species of 56 families representing all main spider clades .\ndetailed discussion on the evolutionary implications especially with regard to post - copulatory sexual selection .\nwe dedicate this work to prof . dr . dr . h . c . gerd alberti for his numerous influential contributions to the comparative spermatology of arachnids . morphologia necesse est !\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect \u00ae is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .\nbiodivlibrary july is # nationalblueberrymonth ! the w . a . cox nursery co . of mississippi ' s 1920s catalog proclaimed # blueberries to\u2026 urltoken\nbiodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p\u2026 urltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\na new genus , melchisedec , is established for two new afrotropical species , m . thevenot ( type species ) and m . birni . these spiders are unique among oonopids in having a crest on the ventral pedicel sclerite , and in having very short , scepterlike setae on the distal metatarsi i and ii . the male of m . thevenot has a long , inward - curved embolus - conductor complex and a sternal pouch . the embolus - conductor complex resembles that of the australian genus grymeus harvey , but differs in important details . the genital system of the female is highly complex , and includes two uterine sclerites , two winglike lateral apodemes and a receptaculum with a globular appendix . the receptaculum is much larger than in most other oonopidae and has an unusual , strongly folded surface .\nfull - text is provided in portable document format ( pdf ) . to view articles you must have the free adobe acrobat reader . click here to download the latest version . the . epub version displays best on an ipad , but may work on other devices that accept . epub format . download directly to your device\u2019s book reader ( e . g . , ibooks ) or drag into your e - books collection on your computer .\namerican museum novitates novitates ( latin for\nnew acquaintances\n) , published continuously and numbered consecutively since 1921 , are short papers that contain descriptions of new forms and reports in zoology , paleontology , and geology . new numbers are published at irregular intervals .\ndepartment of library services american museum of natural history central park west at 79th st . , new york , ny 10024 \u00a9 american museum of natural history , 2011\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nparent taxon : haplogynae according to j . a . dunlop et al . 2013\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30a8\u30f3\u30de\u30b0\u30e2\u5c5e\nto\nsegestria\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30df\u30e4\u30b0\u30e2\u5c5e\nto\nariadna\n.\nmaggie whitson selected\nsegestria senoculata\nto show in overview on\nsegestria senoculata ( linnaeus , 1758 )\n.\nmaggie whitson marked the classification from\nspecies 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013\nas preferred for\nsegestria senoculata ( linnaeus , 1758 )\n.\nmaggie whitson added the english common name\nsnake - back spider\nto\nsegestria senoculata ( linnaeus , 1758 )\n.\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nsorry , we just need to make sure you ' re not a robot . for best results , please make sure your browser is accepting cookies .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .\nthere are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :\nyou have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .\nyour browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .\nyour browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .\nthe date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .\nyou have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .\nthis site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .\nin general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en\nurltoken\narthropod systematics & philogeny\n- vol . 72 , no . 2 , p . 177 - 192 ( 214 )\nde busschere , charlotte ; fannes , wouter ; henrard , arnaud ; gaublomme , eva ; jocqu\u00e9 , rudy ; et . al . unravelling the goblin spiders puzzle : rdna phylogeny of the family oonopidae ( araneae ) . in : arthropod systematics & philogeny , vol . 72 , no . 2 , p . 177 - 192 ( 214 )\ntwo new species of the goblin spider genus antoonops are described , bringing the total number of species to six . antoonops kamieli sp . nov . is described from two males and one female collected in bouak\u00e9 , ivory coast . the species can be easily distinguished from congeners by its large eyes . in addition , the males are characterized by a distinct depression on the ventral abdomen . antoonops sarae sp . nov . is described from four females collected in tchabal mbabo , cameroon . the species is unusual in having a long postepigastric scutum and a genital duct with finger - like protrusions . a key to the species of antoonops is provided .\nfannes , w . ( 2013 ) the goblin spider genus zyngoonops ( araneae , oonopidae ) , with notes on related taxa . bulletin of the american museum of natural history , 379 , 1\u2013117 . urltoken\nfannes , w . & jocqu\u00e9 , r . ( 2008 ) ultrastructure of antoonops , a new , ant - mimicking genus of afrotropical oonopidae ( araneae ) with complex internal genitalia . american museum novitates , 3614 , 1\u201330 . urltoken\nfrick , h . , nentwig , w . & kropf , c . ( 2010 ) progress in erigonine spider phylogeny\u2013the savignia - group is not monophyletic ( araneae : linyphiidae ) . organisms , diversity & evolution , 10 , 297\u2013310 . urltoken\nplatnick , n . i . , dup\u00e9rr\u00e9 , n . , ubick , d . & fannes , w . ( 2012 ) got males ? : the enigmatic goblin spider genus triaeris ( araneae , oonopidae ) . american museum novitates , 3756 , 1\u201336 . urltoken\nshorthouse , d . p . ( 2010 ) simplemappr , an online tool to produce publication - quality point maps . available from : urltoken ( accessed 19 mar . 2013 )"]}
{"id": 1056, "summary": [{"text": "deanolis iriocapna is a species of moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found on java .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the forewings are pale yellow , with a yellowish costa , a dark spot in both outer edges of the cell , and a reddish undulating margin along the termen .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are of the same pale yellow ground colour , and the anterior half of the termen exhibits a similar margin as found in the fore wings . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "deanolis iriocapna", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 32cfcc6d - 0a8e - 4bd1 - 8a9a - b3aab549471e\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e6ef51a3 - 5f5b - 4dce - 9c9f - 5ed71f46deab\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b67a1c9c - 2402 - 4be9 - bcdc - 9f7ad571bf05\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 377220\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\noverview of barcoded specimensdata from : discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) . - dryad\noverview of barcoded specimensdata from : discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) .\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nmally r , korycinska a , agassiz djl , hall j , hodgetts j , nuss m ( 2015 ) discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) . zookeys 472 : 117 - 162 . urltoken\nmally r , korycinska a , agassiz djl , hall j , hodgetts j , nuss m ( 2015 ) data from : discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) .\ndata from : discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub - saharan africa and moving in trade ( insecta , lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) .\ncontent in the dryad digital repository is offered\nas is .\nby downloading files , you agree to the dryad terms of service . to the extent possible under law , the authors have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this data .\ndryad is a nonprofit repository for data underlying the international scientific and medical literature .\nlatest build fri , 29 jun 2018 05 : 39 : 03 utc . served by aws - prod\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a fact about deanonymize ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for deanonymize ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhave a fact about deanonymization ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for deanonymization ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\ndavid agassiz | ph . d . | natural history museum , london , london | department of life sciences | researchgate\nfor full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .\na new genus , osmanthedon kallies gen . nov . , in the tribe synanthedonini and a new species , osmanthedon domaticola agassiz & kallies spec . nov . , are described . this is the first record of a sesiid species associated with ant galls ( domatia ) found on whistling thorn acacia , vachellia drepanolobium ( harms ex sj\u00f6stedt ) p . j . h . hurter ( fabaceae ) , in east africa .\nin the hind wings of yponomeuta and related genera there are transparent patches without scales ; within these are arrays of ridges and it is suggested these may be used to produce sounds , with the adjacent membrane acting as a resonator . avenues for further research are explored , together with potential taxonomic implications .\nwater ferns azolla spp . ( azollaceae ) as new host plants for the small china - mark moth , cataclysta lemnata ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( lepidoptera , crambidae , acentropinae )\ntwo specimens of euzophera costivittella ragonot , 1887 , were found in the british and irish collection in the natural history museum , london . their possible origin is discussed .\nlopez vaamonde et al . 2010 lepidoptera biorisk complete with appendices in roques and lees 2010\nnew diagnosis of the genus aphanostola is provided , and its position within gelechiidae is briefly discussed . 19 species are described from south africa , namibia , botswana , zimbabwe , tanzania , kenya and ethiopia : a . acaciae bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . morogorensis bidzilya , sp . n . , a . calderae bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . kenyella bidzilya & agassiz , sp . n . , a . kruegeri bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . alternella bidzilya & agassiz , sp . n . , a . antennata bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . rooiklipella bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . griseella bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . centripunctella bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . joannoui bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . namibiensis bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . brandbergensis bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . aarviki bidzilya , sp . n . , a . africanella bidzilya , agassiz , & mey , sp . n . , a . emarginata bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . melliferae bidzilya , agassiz & mey , sp . n . , a . maxima bidzilya & mey , sp . n . , a . longicornuta bidzilya , agassiz & mey , sp . n . a key to the species is given based on external characters and the genitalia of both sexes . adults and genitalia of all species are illustrated .\ndescription of nemophora acaciae sp . nov . ( lepidoptera : adelidae ) from kenya\nnemophora acaciae sp . nov . is described from kenya on the basis of a large series bred from flowers of acacia seyal and a . lahai . the new species differs from all afrotropical nemophora species by its dark brown forewing fascia with white medial stripe near the costal margin of forewing . the key to the afrotropical nemophora species is provided .\noverview of specimens intercepted in great britain by the food and environment research agency ( fera ) .\nspecies of tortricidae whose larvae feed on acacia are listed , including five new species : hystrichophora bussei agassiz , endotera cyaneana agassiz , paraeccopsis variegana agassiz & aarvik , coniostola flavitinctana agassiz & aarvik , and c . rufitinctana agassiz & aarvik . six additional species related to the aforementioned , whose life histories are not known , also are described : paraeccopsis tanzanica aarvik , p . addis aarvik , p . turi aarvik , p . botswanae aarvik , p . pseudoinsellata aarvik , and coniostola laikipiana agassiz & aarvik . endotera nodi agassiz is synonymised with endotera cyphospila ( meyrick ) , comb . n . ; and coniostola omistus diakonoff is synonymised with coniostola stereoma ( meyrick ) . paraeccopsis inflicta ( meyrick ) and paraeccopsis atricapsis ( meyrick ) are removed from the synonymy of paraeccopsis insellata ( meyrick ) . eucosma pharangodes meyrick is transferred to eucosmocydia diakonoff . age onychistica diakonoff is recorded from africa for the first time .\nthe species of nymphicula occurring in australia and south pacific islands are described and illustrated . 22 new species are described : n . adelphalis , n . christinae , n . conjunctalis , n . edwardsi , n . hampsoni , n . ochrepunctalis , n . torresalis , n . beni , n . irianalis , n . michaeli , n . monticola , n . nokensis , n . plumbilinealis , n . submarginalis , n . susannae , n . tariensis , n . xanthocostalis , n . fionae , n . insulalis , n . lactealis , n . lifuensis , n . cheesmanae . a replacement name is proposed for cataclysta dialitha tams : nymphicula samoensis .\nrevision of african neaspasia diakonoff , 1989 and the related conaspasia , n . gen . ( lepidoptera , tortricidae )\nthe six species of neaspasia diakonoff present in mainland africa are described and illustrated . niphadophylax albonigra razowski & wojtusiak and n . sophrona razowski & wojtusiak are transferred to conaspasia , new genus . four new species are described : neaspasia coronana aarvik , new species , n . karischi aarvik , new species , n . malamigambo aarvik , new species , and conaspasia congolana aarvik , new species . argyroploce orthacta meyrick , argyroploce brevisecta meyrick , and penthina brevibasana walsingham are transferred to neaspasia . neaspasia rhodesiae razowski & brown is a junior synonym of neaspasia orthacta ( meyrick ) , new combination . genetancylis homalota razowski and rhopobota cornuta razowski , both described from oman , are transferred to neaspasia . genetancylis razowski is synonymised with neaspasia .\nthe species of acentropinae recorded from africa are listed and described with illustrations of the adults and genitalia . ten new synonymies are established . the following species are described new to science : parapoynx zambiensis , argyrophorodes angolensis , a . suttoni , elophila acornutus , e . ealensis , e . minima , nymphicula hexaxantha , eoophyla belladotae , e . cameroonensis , e . carcassoni , e . citrialis , e . dentisigna , e . euprepialis , e . grandifuscalis , e . interopalis , e . kingstoni , e . munroei , e . piscatorum , e . platyxantha , e . principensis , e . ruwenzoriensis , e . stepheni , e . tanzanica . e . nyasalis kenyalis is described as a new subspecies .\nthe contents of swollen - thorn domatia of three acacia species are given . lepidoptera bred from swollen thorns of acacia are listed ; two new genera , endotera gen . nov . and kenyatta gen . nov . , and six new species : phthoropoea chalcomochla sp . nov . , endotera nodi sp . nov . , hystrichophora vittana sp . nov . , hystrichophora griseana sp . nov . , hystrichophora bopprei sp . nov . and kenyatta iodes sp . nov . , are described .\ncnephasia pumicana ( zeller , 1847 ) ( lep . : tortricidae ) stat . rev . newly recognised as british\ncnephasia pumicana ( zeller , 1847 ) stat . rev . is distinguished from c . pasiuana ( h\u00fcbner , 1796 - 99 ) , differences in the male and female genitalia are described and illustrated and the occurrence of c . pumicana in britain is discussed .\na new species of anthophila haworth , 1811 ( choreutidae ) is described from east africa which shows remarkable similarity to the palaearctic anthophila fabriciana ( linnaeus , 1767 ) . the life history is described and comparisons are drawn between the species .\nthe discovery by leraut ( 2003 ) of the existence of a species closely related to acleris emargana ( fabricius , 1775 ) is confirmed . it is shown that this was already known to lepidopterists in the first half of the 19th century , but like many acleris names later regarded as only a form , the name acleris effractana ( h\u00fcbner , 1799 ) is the oldest name for the species . a neotype for a . effractana is designated . a . effractana is shown to have a holarctic distribution , with occurrence only in the northern part of europe . a . emargana blackmorei obraztsov , 1963 ( syn . n . ) and acleris stettinensis leraut , 2003 ( syn . n . ) are synonyms of a . effractana ( h\u00fcbner ) . a . effractana is compared with a . emargana ( fabricius , 1775 ) . details of the variation in adults , biology and distribution of these two species are presented , and adults and genitalia are illustrated .\nthe eucosma hohenwartiana group of species is reviewed to take account of constant struc - tural differences in the ovipositor of the females . two taxa whose status has been in doubt are removed from synonymy with e . hohenwartiana ( ( denis & schifferm\u00fcller ) , 1775 ) and restored to full species rank : e . fulvana ( stephens , 1834 ) sp . rev . and e . parvulana ( wilkinson , 1859 ) sp . rev . ( = scutana ( constant , 1893 ) syn . n . ) . their respective host plants are given . lectotypes of e . fulvana and e . parvulana are designated . zusammenfassung . die arten der eucosma hohenwartiana gruppe werden revidiert und zwei taxa von unsicherem status werden auf grund konstanter unterschiede in der struktur des ovipositors der weibchen von e . hohenwartiana ( ( denis & schifferm\u00fcller ) , 1775 ) getrennt und zu vollen arten erhoben : e . fulvana ( stephens , 1834 ) sp . rev . und e . parvulana ( wilkinson , 1859 ) sp . rev . ( = scutana ( constant , 1893 ) syn . n . ) . ihre nahrungspflanzen werden angegeben und lectotypen werden f\u00fcr e . fulvana und e . parvulana festgelegt . r\u00e9sum\u00e9 . ayant trouv\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences constantes dans la structure de l ' ovipositeur des femelles , les auteurs analyse le groupe d ' esp\u00e8ces d ' eucosma hohenwartiana ( ( denis & schifferm\u00fcller ) , 1775 ) . deux taxons , dont le statut \u00e9tait douteux , sont de nouveau reconnus comme valides : e . fulvana ( stephens , 1834 ) sp . rev . et e . parvulana ( wilkinson , 1859 ) sp . rev . ( = scutana ( constant , 1893 ) syn . n . ) . on men - tionne leurs plantes - h\u00f4tes respectives et on d\u00e9signe lectotypes pour e . fulvana et e . parvulana .\nthe small acontiine moth araeopteron ecphaea ( hampson , 1914 ) is recorded new to the west palaearctic from greece , turkey , spain ( including mallorca ) , and is further reported from additional countries in the afrotropical region . the species is redescribed and the genitalia of both sexes are figured for the first time . the worldwide distribution of the known species of the genus araeopteron hampson , 1893 is given .\ninsect migration : tracking resources through space and time . edited by v . a . drake & a . g . gatehouse"]}
{"id": 1057, "summary": [{"text": "gavialiceps taiwanensis is an eel in the family muraenesocidae ( pike congers ) .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "it was described by johnson t. f. chen and herman ting-chen weng in 1967 , originally under the genus chlopsis .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is a marine , deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the northwestern pacific ocean , including taiwan ( from which its species epithet is derived ) and okinawa , japan .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "it dwells at a depth range of 600 to 750 metres ( 1,970 to 2,460 ft ) .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "males can reach a maximum total length of 75.7 centimetres ( 29.8 in ) . ", "topic": 0}], "title": "gavialiceps taiwanensis", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about gavialiceps taiwanensis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for gavialiceps taiwanensis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\ngavialiceps arabicus gavialiceps arabicus is found in the western indian ocean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30ef\u30bf\u30af\u30ba\u30cf\u30e2\u5c5e\nto\ngavialiceps\n.\nkarmovskaya , e . s . 1994 . systematics and distribution of the eel genus gavialiceps ( congridae ) in the indo - west pacific . journal of ichthyology , 34 ( 3 ) , 73 - 89 .\nkarmovskaya , e . s . , 1994 . systematics and distribution of the eel genus gavialiceps ( congridae ) in the indo - west pacific . j . ichthyol . 34 ( 3 ) : 73 - 89 . ( ref . 44791 )\n\u81fa\u7063\u9b5a\u985e\u8a8c ( \u6c88\u7b49 , 1993 ) \uff1bchen , j . t . f . and h . t . c . weng ( 1967 ) a review of the apodal fishes of taiwan . biological bulletin tunghai university ichthyology series number 6 no . 32 : 1 - 86\uff1bkarmovskaya , e . s . 1994 . systematics and distribution of the eel genus gavialiceps ( congridae ) in the indo - west pacific . journal of ichthyology , 34 ( 3 ) , 73 - 89 . chen , j . t . f . etc . 1967 \u6c88\u4e16\u5091 \u7de8 shih - chieh shen ed . 1993\nhindi , ghariyal = gavial , saurian of ganges , 1825 + greek , kephale = head ( ref . 45335 )\nmarine ; bathydemersal ; depth range 600 - 750 m ( ref . 44791 ) . deep - water\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 75 . 7 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 44791 )\ncolor is bright brown , the upper part of the head and back are darker than the belly . the peritoneum , gill and mouth cavities are dark , visible through the skin . the stomach is long , extends slightly behind the anus ; 2 . 5 times the length of the head ( ref . 44791 ) .\n) : 5 . 7 - 7 . 8 , mean 7 . 1 ( based on 6 cells ) .\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5313 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00132 ( 0 . 00056 - 0 . 00309 ) , b = 2 . 93 ( 2 . 72 - 3 . 14 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 8 \u00b10 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 50 of 100 ) .\n: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\n: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\nchen , j . t . f . and h . t . c . weng ( 1967 ) a review of the apodal fishes of taiwan . biological bulletin tunghai university ichthyology series number 6 no . 32 : 1 - 86\nbd . 34 - 38 , hl . 11 - 13 in tl . eye 15 - 17 , snout 2 . 1 , gape 1 . 7 in hl . tail about 0 . 45 in length of head and trunk . body very elongate , tail tapering . mouth corner extending to behind eyes . lips without folds . jaws projected , lower jaw shorter than upper where intermaxillary teeth exposed . snout pointed , depressed , a notch behind intermaxillary teeth . anterior nostrils slits , in middle of snout . posterior nostrilsslits , wider than anterior one , in front of eyes . tongue fixed . teeth small , pointed . jaws teeth in 3 rows , middle row little longer than other 2 rows , teeth of anterior part of lower jaw rather long . vomer with a row of 9 rather larger canines , 2 - 3 small ones between each two . premaxillary teeth a bunch of small canines . gill openings small . ventral . pectoral fin absent . dorsal and anal fin elevated , confluent with caudal fin . lateral lines present . color is bright brown , the upper part of the head and back are darker than the belly . the peritoneum , gill and mouth cavities are dark , visible through the skin . the stomach is long , extends slightly behind the anus ; 2 . 5 times the length of the head .\n) : 5 . 7 - 7 . 8 , mean 7 . 1 ( based on 6 cells ) . phylogenetic diversity index ( ref .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00132 ( 0 . 00056 - 0 . 00309 ) , b = 2 . 93 ( 2 . 72 - 3 . 14 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 3 . 2 final / / en\na tree for site navigation will open here if you enable javascript in your browser .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nspecial publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nformat summary genbank genbank ( full ) fasta asn . 1 xml insdseq xml tinyseq xml feature table accession list gi list gff3\nfinds sub - sequences or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching regions . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .\nfinds sub - sequence or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching region . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhome | wild files | n . h . animals | animals a - z | watch online\nthere are around 15 species in this family of eels . they are found in tropical and subtropical waters in the atlantic , indian and pacific oceans . they have larges eyes and strong teeth . they can range in size from two to eight feet in length .\nstatus and range is taken from icun redlist . you can click on the iucn status icon to go to the iucn page about a species .\nthreatened in us endangered in us introduced status taken from us fish and wildlife . click on u . s . status icon to go to the u . s . fish and wildlife species profile .\nthe daggertooth pike - conger is native to the indian and west pacific oceans . it has also made its way to the mediterranean sea by way of the suez canal . it is found in marine , brackish and freshwater environments . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no\nthe common pike - conger is native to the indian and west pacific oceans .\nguinean pike - conger - cynoponticus ferox the guinean pike - conger is found from gibraltar to angola . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no\nred pike - conger - cynoponticus coniceps the red pike - conger is found from mexico to ecuador . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no guayana pike - conger - cynoponticus savanna the guayana pike - conger is foound from the caribbean though central america to brazil . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no\nthe shorttail pike - conger is foound from taiwan and japan to western australia and new south wales .\nthe yellow pike - conger is found from sri lanka and the bay of bengal to indonesia .\nthe indian pike - conger is found in the indian and west pacific oceans ."]}
{"id": 1074, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia behrensata is a moth in the family geometridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found from california north to british columbia , alberta and saskatchewan .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "adults are large and grey brown coloured .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from march to august . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eupithecia behrensata", "paragraphs": ["californa moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16614 genus : eupithecia species : behrensata sex : location : mill valley county : marin collector : h . b . leech coll _ date : may 1 58 specimen _ lo . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16619 genus : eupithecia species : interruptofasciata sex : location : inverness county : marin collector : r . h . leuschner coll _ date : jul 14 66 . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 28261 genus : eupithecia species : intricata taylorata sex : location : golden gate park county : san francisco collector : r . m . brown coll _ date . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5869 genus : eupithecia species : macrocarpata sex : location : berkeley county : alameda collector : r . h . leuschner coll _ date : in july specimen . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 545 genus : eupithecia species : absinthiata sex : f location : inverness park county : marin collector : j . powell coll _ date : sep 19 98 specimen . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5882 genus : eupithecia species : acutipennis sex : location : berkeley county : alameda collector : r . l . langston coll _ date : mar 24 62 specimen . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5865 genus : eupithecia species : maestosa maestosa sex : location : 2135 ca . st berkeley county : alameda collector : f . sperling coll _ date : sep . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 3034 genus : eupithecia species : ravocostaliata sex : m location : inverness park county : marin collector : j . powell coll _ date : feb 4 95 speci . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5875 genus : eupithecia species : tripunctaria sex : location : berkeley county : alameda collector : j . powell coll _ date : apr 12 61 specimen _ lo . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 7999 genus : eupithecia species : nevadata nevadata sex : location : las trampas reg park county : contra costa collector : r . m . brown coll _ date . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16622 genus : eupithecia species : purpurissata sex : location : inverness county : marin collector : r . h . leuschner coll _ date : apr 7 60 specime . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 33651 genus : eupithecia species : agnesata sex : location : stebbins cold cyn res . county : solano collector : j . debenedictis coll _ date : apr 4 . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16601 genus : eupithecia species : karenae sex : location : inverness county : marin collector : wm . patterson coll _ date : oct 16 98 specimen _ loc . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 7990 genus : eupithecia species : annulata sex : location : kensington county : contra costa collector : r . l . langston coll _ date : nov 8 96 specim . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 2067 genus : eupithecia species : bryanti sex : m location : point molate , richmond county : contra costa collector : j . powell coll _ date : apr 10 . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5884 genus : eupithecia species : graefii graefii sex : location : piedmont pines , ne oakland county : alameda collector : p . d . hurd coll _ date : . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 29679 genus : eupithecia species : perfusca perfusca sex : location : costanea cg county : san mateo collector : v . albu coll _ date : sep 2 2007 s . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5883 genus : eupithecia species : subapicata sex : location : berkeley county : alameda collector : j . powell coll _ date : mar 19 61 specimen _ loc : . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5881 genus : eupithecia species : gilvipennata sex : location : berkeley , 2135 calif . st . county : alameda collector : f . sperling coll _ date : ma . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5886 genus : eupithecia species : implorata sex : location : berkeley county : alameda collector : r . h . leuschner coll _ date : feb 21 55 specimen _ . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5878 genus : eupithecia species : macdunnoughi sex : location : strawberry cyn county : alameda collector : j . a . powell coll _ date : mar 3 61 spec . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5879 genus : eupithecia species : cognizata sex : location : berkeley county : alameda collector : r . h . leuschner coll _ date : feb 21 55 specimen _ . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5867 genus : eupithecia species : longipalpata sex : location : 2135 ca . st berkeley county : alameda collector : f . sperling coll _ date : oct 12 96 . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 7996 genus : eupithecia species : scabrogata sex : location : kensington county : contra costa collector : r . l . langston coll _ date : mar 24 97 spe . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 33652 genus : eupithecia species : rindgei sex : location : stebbins cold cyn res . county : solano collector : j . debenedictis coll _ date : 1989 - 9 . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16623 genus : eupithecia species : mystiata sex : location : inverness county : marin collector : coll _ date : in may 71 specimen _ loc : url : http . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 29684 genus : eupithecia species : shirleyata sex : location : montara , mcnee ranch county : san mateo collector : v . albu coll _ date : mar 21 97 . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 20852 genus : eupithecia species : multiscripta sex : location : diamond mtn county : napa collector : j . powell coll _ date : may 21 - 23 93 specime . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 3033 genus : eupithecia species : mutata ( columbrata ) sex : m location : inverness ridge county : marin collector : c . e . griswold coll _ date : may . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16602 genus : eupithecia species : columbiata sex : location : inverness county : marin collector : w . r . bauer coll _ date : mar 13 47 specimen _ loc . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16618 genus : eupithecia species : lachrymosa georgii sex : location : red hill county : marin collector : w . r . bauer coll _ date : may 2 47 specim . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5871 genus : eupithecia species : unicolor sex : location : berkeley county : alameda collector : r . l . langston coll _ date : nov 13 62 specimen _ lo . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5877 genus : eupithecia species : sierrae sex : location : 2135 ca . st berkeley county : alameda collector : f . sperling coll _ date : sep 18 96 spec . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5876 genus : eupithecia species : rotundopuncta sex : location : berkeley ( s of uc campus ) county : alameda collector : r . l . langston coll _ date : . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5874 genus : eupithecia species : bivittata sex : location : berkeley county : alameda collector : j . powell coll _ date : jun 4 55 specimen _ loc : u . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5866 genus : eupithecia species : subvirens sex : location : 2135 ca . st berkeley county : alameda collector : f . sperling coll _ date : sep 5 96 spe . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5868 genus : eupithecia species : sabulosata sex : location : albany county : alameda collector : r . a . belmont coll _ date : may 22 71 specimen _ loc . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16632 genus : eupithecia species : cestata sex : location : inverness county : marin collector : r . h . leuschner coll _ date : apr 7 60 specimen _ loc . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 20856 genus : eupithecia species : appendiculata sex : location : spring mtn county : napa collector : w . r . bauer coll _ date : aug 12 47 specimen _ . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5870 genus : eupithecia species : placidata sex : location : oakland county : alameda collector : w . r . bauer coll _ date : oct 17 45 specimen _ loc : . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 5880 genus : eupithecia species : segregata sex : location : berkeley ( s of uc campus ) county : alameda collector : r . l . langston coll _ date : apr . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 7993 genus : eupithecia species : zelmira sex : location : clayton county : contra costa collector : r . m . brown coll _ date : mar 11 72 specimen _ lo . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 1888 genus : eupithecia species : olivacea sex : m location : berkeley county : alameda collector : r . l . langston coll _ date : mar 11 63 specimen _ l . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 20863 genus : eupithecia species : plumasata sex : location : spring mtn , st helena county : napa collector : r . h . leuschner coll _ date : dec 29 8 . . . more\ncaliforna moth specimen database record details seq _ num : 16629 genus : eupithecia species : gilata sex : location : mill valley county : marin collector : h . b . leech coll _ date : feb 27 52 specimen _ loc : . . . more\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwe do not yet have descriptive information on this species . please try the buttons above to search for information from other sources .\n. you can download select species by searching or when you ' re on a taxa page like class , order , and family .\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nscoble , m . j . ( ed . ) , m . s . parsons , m . r . honey , l . m . pitkin , and b . r . pitkin . 1999 . geometrid moths of the world : a catalogue . volumes 1 and 2 : 1016 pp . + index 129 pp . csiro publishing , collingwood , victoria , australia .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\ncompiled from kelly richers ' california moth specimen database . kelly has been compiling the database since 1996 from literature sources , museum collections , and ( i believe ) novel collections . these lists are probably not comprehensive ( if such a thing is possible for such a diverse group of organisms ) , but given kelly ' s dedication and the degree of sampling in the state , it ' s probably pretty close at the state and regional level , and approaching that degree at the county level , and thus i have marked them as comprehensive on inat . all errors are my own , and if you find any , please let me know .\nmany of the names in the cmsd have not bee included in the inat lists i ' ve created . i have tried to import every name from the catalogue of life , bugguide , and ubio , so any names that are still missing are not present in those sources . i have also tried to manually check the remainder against urltoken , i ' ve tried to manually add any taxa that have a species page on mpg , and i ' ve checked for simple misspellings of the kind the google can catch . for the remainder , here are some of the reasons the names are missing :\ntaxonomic ambiguity : sometimes a name was clearly in use in the past but i can ' t tell how it maps to a current name .\nmany names in the cmsd have specific epithets that exist in other , unrelatd genera , e . g .\nacrolophus inquinatus ,\nwhich may be mistaken entry for hellinsia inquinatus . i have not included these names in an effort to minimize assumptions about the collectors ' intents .\na full listing of all the names i was not able to import can be found here .\nsource : richers , k . ( 2015 ) . california moth specimen database . essig museum of entomology , berkeley , ca . accessed 24 22 2015 . ( link )\ncheck lists for individual taxa that live here , e . g .\nbirds of san francisco bay area\n.\nfile should be in the following format : taxon name , description , occurrence status , establishment means . csv should not contain a header row . allowed occurrence status values : present , common , uncommon , irregular , doubtful , absent allowed establish means values : native , endemic , introduced\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 ."]}
{"id": 1076, "summary": [{"text": "arunta perulata is a large cicada native to australia .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "it is also known as the white drummer cicada .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the name floury baker was previously applied to this species , but that name is now specific to aleeta curvicosta .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "the white drummer was first described in 1831 by f\u00e9lix \u00e9douard gu\u00e9rin-m\u00e9neville as cicada perulata .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "the average body length of the male white drummer is approximately 3.75 cm and the female approximately 3.72 cm .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "the head is green with prominent dark red-brown markings and green midline along pronotum .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the eyes are a dark red-brown .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the thorax and abdomen are predominantly dark red-brown .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "depressions on the body are covered with yellow velvety fur .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the prominent sac-like tymbal covers are white .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "the wings are clear with reddish brown and yellowish veins , and measure up to 4.97 cm long in males and 4.84 cm long in females .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "the white drummer has yellow-green legs marked with dark brown and black .", "topic": 19}, {"text": "the white drummer make a constant rattle-like call , which can carry over long distances , singing during the day and at dusk .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "it consists of a series of pulses emitted by the cicada at a rate of 65 per second , with each lasting 2.5-3.5 microseconds followed by an interval of 14 microseconds .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "the frequency of the call is 5.5-6.5 khz with a weak harmonic at 12 khz .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "like the related double drummer ( thopha saccata ) , its sac-like tymbal covers amplify its call .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "the white drummer is found along australia 's eastern coastline from cooktown in northern queensland to narooma in southern new south wales .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it has also been collected from far northern cape york .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "the preferred habitat of the white drummer is swampy forest and mangroves , with the cicadas perching on trees such as sheoak ( casuarina equisetifolia ) , swamp oak ( c. glauca ) , coast banksia ( banksia integrifolia ) and coast wattle ( acacia sophorae ) .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "adults appear in december and january .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "female cicadas lay eggs exclusively on live branches . ", "topic": 28}], "title": "arunta perulata", "paragraphs": ["here is a white drummer cicada ( arunta perulata ) photo taken by david emery .\narunta perulata isolate 07 . au . ql . rsn . 01 elongation factor - 1 alpha gene , partial cds\narunta perulata isolate 09 . au . ql . ssn . 01 elongation factor - 1 alpha gene , partial cds\narunta perulata isolate 97 . au . ns . cwd . 74 elongation factor - 1 alpha gene , partial cds\narunta perulata isolate 08 . au . ql . alm . 01 elongation factor - 1 alpha gene , partial cds\narunta perulata isolate 97 . au . ns . cwd . 74 cytochrome oxidase subunit i ( coi ) gene , partial cds ; mitochondrial\narunta perulata isolate 08 . au . ql . alm . 01 cytochrome oxidase subunit i ( coi ) gene , partial cds ; mitochondrial\narunta perulata isolate 09 . au . ql . ssn . 01 cytochrome oxidase subunit i ( coi ) gene , partial cds ; mitochondrial\narunta perulata isolate 07 . au . ql . rsn . 01 cytochrome oxidase subunit i ( coi ) gene , partial cds ; mitochondrial\nto the ear it is almost identical to a . perulata ; however , the song has more components in the higher frequency range .\ndoctype html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nnote : only lines in the current paragraph are shown . click on current line of text for options .\nparagraph operations are made directly in the full article text panel located to the left . paragraph operations include :\nzone operations are made directly in the full article text panel located to the left . zone operations include :\nabstract summer has come headlong upon us , and in the forehead of summer lives the cieada , whose song makes the warm dusk seem still warmer . a beautiful and interesting insect , this ,\nwed 29 nov 1905 - australian town and country journal ( sydney , nsw : 1870 - 1907 ) page 26 - the cicada .\n{ { cite news urltoken | title = the cicada . | newspaper = [ [ australian town and country journal ] ] | volume = lxxi , | issue = 1869 | location = new south wales , australia | date = 29 november 1905 | accessdate = 10 july 2018 | page = 26 | via = national library of australia } }\nthe national library of australia ' s copies direct service lets you purchase higher quality , larger sized photocopies or electronic copies of newspapers pages .\nclicking on the order now button below will open the ordering form in a new window which will allow you to enter the details of your request .\naustralian town and country journal ( sydney , nsw : 1870 - 1907 ) , wed 29 nov 1905 , page 26 - the cicada .\nto help safeguard the users of this service from spam , we require you to enter the characters you see in the following image .\nif you can ' t read the image , click here to listen to the same characters being read .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\ngu\u00e9rin - m\u00e9neville , f . e . 1831 ,\nzoologie atlas ; insects\n, ed . duperrey , l . i . ( ed . ) , voyage autour du monde , ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 par ordre du roi , sur la corvette de sa majest . , la coquille , pendant les ann\u00e9es 1822 , 1823 , 1824 et 1825 sous le minist\u00e8re de s . e . m . le marquis de clermont - tonnerre , et publi\u00e9 sous les auspices de son excellence m . le cte de chabrol , ministre de la marine et des colonies . histoire naturelle , zoologie , pp . pls 1 - 21 , a . bertrand , paris\nashton , j . l . 1921 ,\na revision of the australian cicadidae . part 1\n, proceedings of the royal society of victoria , ser . ns , vol . 33 , pp . 87 - 107\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 48d382f0 - 524a - 4af1 - 8f97 - 9cc13acf02e5\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 4fb455ba - 8665 - 4bd4 - b79f - c48f09e55f67\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b216df91 - 4de6 - 450c - b21f - e89cfb8055b7\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b2ac022c - b4d7 - 4a56 - aecd - 5538ae01a6db\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c1d431ff - c172 - 4f44 - 9e9c - 4e5ef58fce90\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 297066\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nthis genus is closely related to thopha and contains two recognised species . both species are found in close proximity to the beaches of eastern australia . they are characterised by having large , pale timbal covers , which are covered by a white , dusty pubescence ( unless specimens are very worn ) .\ndistributed along the eastern coastal belt from the southern torres strait islands in queensland south to narooma in new south wales . the first adults emerge in november and may persist until april .\npopulations may be widespread in dune vegetation , such as she - oaks and banksias and in similar trees , as well as pandanus palms on headlands . in some areas , populations can inhabit mangroves , especially towards the western limit of intertidal marshes . on the islands of the capricorn group ( off the coast of rockhampton ) ,\nspp . and can be caught without too much difficulty with the aid of a net .\na strong , continuous , motor - like rattle , sung sporadically during the day and most prominently at dusk .\ncoastally south from cooktown in queensland to urunga in northern new south wales . adults appear in november and populations may persist until may .\ninhabits the mangroves growing closest to the beach . females oviposit ( lay eggs ) in the dune vegetation away from the mudflats . calling males tend to be scattered throughout patches of mangroves , especially the grey mangrove (\n) . this species is often difficult to capture without a long - handled net .\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nformat summary genbank genbank ( full ) fasta asn . 1 xml insdseq xml tinyseq xml feature table accession list gi list gff3\nfinds sub - sequences or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching regions . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .\nfinds sub - sequence or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching region . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .\nuse on websites and for limited audiences in social media , apps , or live performances .\ncicada on tree - double drummer ( thopha saccata ) . the double drummer , is the largest australian species of cicada and reputedly the loudest insect in the world .\nspotted owlet ( athene brama ) in nature . it is a small owl which breeds in tropical asia from mainland india to southeast asia .\nsoccer ball in goal net with slowmotion . slowmotion football ball in the net .\nstage lights and different shapes art gallery . series 3 + version from 1 to 26 + orange - blue - purple and white color series\nover 10 , 966 , 411 royalty - free video clips with 81 , 058 new stock clips added weekly .\nover 10 , 965 , 896 royalty - free video clips with 80 , 528 new stock clips added weekly .\nover 10 , 961 , 690 royalty - free video clips with 76 , 299 new stock clips added weekly ."]}
{"id": 1084, "summary": [{"text": "pseudocuma is a genus of cumaceans , including the following species : pseudocuma cercarioides sars , 1894 pseudocuma chevreuxi fage , 1928 pseudocuma ciliatum sars , 1879 pseudocuma diastyloides sars , 1897 pseudocuma gracile sars , 1894 pseudocuma graciloides sars , 1894 pseudocuma laeve sars , 1914 pseudocuma lagunae baker , 1912 pseudocuma longicorne ( bate , 1858 ) pseudocuma simile g. o. sars , 1900 pseudocuma tenuicauda sars , 1894", "topic": 20}], "title": "pseudocuma", "paragraphs": ["worms - world register of marine species - pseudocuma ( pseudocuma ) simile g . o . sars , 1900\nworms - world register of marine species - pseudocuma g . o . sars , 1865\n( of pseudocuma longicornis ( bate ) ) zimmer , c . ( 1933 ) . cumacea . the fauna of the north sea and baltic , 23 ( 10 . g4 ) . akademische verlagsgesellschaft : leipzig , germany . 70 - 120 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\ngilson , g . ( 1906 ) . recherches sur les deux pseudocuma de la mer flamande : p . longicornis spencerbate et p . similis g . o . sars . m\u00e9m . soc . ent . belgique 12 : 77 - 96 , 15 fig . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nmccarthy , a . m . ; gerken , s . ; mcgrath , d . ; mccormack , g . p . ( 2006 ) . monopseudocuma a new genus from the north east atlantic and redescription of pseudocuma gilsoni ba\u010descu , 1950 ( cumacea : pseudocumatidae ) . zootaxa . 1203 , 39 - 56 . [ details ]\nwatling , l . ; gerken , s . ( 2018 ) . world cumacea database .\nwatling , l . ( 2001 ) . cumacea , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 308 - 310 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nzimmer , c . ( 1933 ) . cumacea . the fauna of the north sea and baltic , 23 ( 10 . g4 ) . akademische verlagsgesellschaft : leipzig , germany . 70 - 120 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nsars , g . o . ( 1900 ) . an account of the crustacea of norway . vol . iii . cumacea . ( planches ) . , 1 - 72 . [ details ]\nmuller , y . ( 2004 ) . faune et flore du littoral du nord , du pas - de - calais et de la belgique : inventaire . [ coastal fauna and flora of the nord , pas - de - calais and belgium : inventory ] . commission r\u00e9gionale de biologie r\u00e9gion nord pas - de - calais : france . 307 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\ndyntaxa . ( 2013 ) . swedish taxonomic database . accessed at urltoken [ 15 - 01 - 2013 ] . , available online at http : / / urltoken [ details ]\ncensus of marine life ( 2012 ) . syndeep : towards a first global synthesis of biodiversity , biogeography and ecosystem function in the deep sea . unpublished data ( datasetid : 38 ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nvanosmael , c . ( 1977 ) . studie van het macrobenthos ter hoogte van de monding van de westerschelde en de belgische kust . msc thesis . rijksuniversiteit gent , faculteit der wetenschappen : gent . 70 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\npetrescu , iorgu ( 2006 ) . crustacea malacostraca cumacea , in : revisione della checklist della fauna marina italiana . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\ntaxonomy no subgenus stenocuma is mentioned in the erms checklist book . [ details ]\nhayward , p . j . ; ryland , j . s . ( ed . ) . ( 1990 ) . the marine fauna of the british isles and north - west europe : 1 . introduction and protozoans to arthropods . clarendon press : oxford , uk . isbn 0 - 19 - 857356 - 1 . 627 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\n( bate , 1858 ) description : pereion somites without carinae or protuberances . telson semicircular or bluntly semiovate . eyes well developed . second antenna of female very small , one - segmented . peduncle of uropods not very short . carapace with three oblique folds on either side . anterolateral angle unarmed . pseudorostrum prominent and acute in female , less so in male . telson nearly semicircular in female , rather longer in male . antenna 2 of male with flagellum reaching at least to pleonite 5 . peduncle of uropod equal in length to exopod in female , shortest in male , endopod much longer , with about 12 spines . size : up to 4 mm . habitat : found in shallow water . depth range : depth 0 - 130 metres . distribution in the north sea : a widespread species in the southern and northern north sea , including the skagerrak . world distribution : from northern norway to the mediterranean and black sea , also recorded from south africa and from south vietnam . bacescu , 1950 has described three subspecies but foxon , 1936 regarded males with short antennae found at millport as sexually mature but not yet fully grown and the systematics of the group would repay further investigation .\nfoxon , g . e . h . , 1936 . notes on the natural history of certain sand - dwelling cumacea . ann . mag . nat . hist . , 17 : 377 - 393 .\nhayward , p . j . and j . s . ryland , 1990 . handbook of the marine fauna of north - west europe . oxford university press , oxford .\njones , n . s . , 1957a . cumacea . key to families and references . fiches d ' identification du zooplancton , 71 ( 1957 ) . conseil international pour l ' exploration de la mer , kopenhagen .\njones , n . s . , 1957b . cumacea . figures ( covering sheets 71 and 73 - 76 ) . fiches d ' identification du zooplancton , 72 ( 1957 ) . conseil international pour l ' exploration de la mer , kopenhagen .\njones , n . s . , 1957e . cumacea . families : nannastacidae , lamprpidae , pseudocumidae . fiches d ' identification du zooplancton , 75 ( 1957 ) . conseil international pour l ' exploration de la mer , kopenhagen .\njones , n . s . , 1976 . british cumaceans . synopses of the british fauna ( new series ) , no . 7 . the linnean society / academic press , london .\nsorry , there are no other images or audio / video clips available for this species .\nrecorded from the coast of belgium and from liverpool bay in shallow water . it seems possible that this is a neotenous form of the male of\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nbacescu , mihai / gruner , h . - e . , and l . b . holthuis , eds .\ncumacea ii ( fam . nannastacidae , diastylidae , pseudocumatidae , gynodiastylidae and ceratocumatidae ) , pars 8\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service ."]}
{"id": 1105, "summary": [{"text": "bicyclus dekeyseri , the western scalloped bush brown , is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in guinea , liberia , ivory coast and ghana .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of deep forests . ", "topic": 24}], "title": "bicyclus dekeyseri", "paragraphs": ["mycalesis dekeyseri condamin , 1958 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 20 : 1348\nbicyclus ephorus weymer , 1892 ; stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 79\nbicyclus auricruda ; [ bow ] : pl . 115 , f . 2 ; [ nhm card ]\nbicyclus anynana ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 419 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus vansoni condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1101\nbicyclus similis condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 902\nbicyclus sylvicolus condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 788\nbicyclus nachtetis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1104\nbicyclus maesseni condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1071\nbicyclus xeneoides condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 791\nbicyclus howarthi condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 908\nbicyclus sambulos cyaneus condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 783\nbicyclus sambulos unicolor condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1068\nbicyclus campina ; [ bow ] : pl . 115 , f . 3 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus campinus carcassoni condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 1164\nbicyclus matuta idjwiensis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1440\nbicyclus sanaos melas condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1442\nbicyclus sophrosyne overlaeti condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1103\nbicyclus smithi eurypterus condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1445\nbicyclus ignobilis acutus condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1447\nbicyclus xeneas occidentalis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1108\nbicyclus trilophus jacksoni condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 796\nbicyclus saussurei angustus condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1073\nbicyclus suffusa ituriensis condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1076\n= bicyclus denina ; lamas , 2010 , shilap revta . lepid . 38 ( 150 ) : ( 197 - 204 )\nbicyclus moyses condamin & fox , 1964 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 26 : 629\nbicyclus ignobilis eurini condamin & fox , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 1166\nbicyclus kenia ; [ bafr ] , 169 ; [ bk ] : 266 , pl . 28 , f . 403 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus mandanes ; [ bafr ] , 169 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 404 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus vulgaris ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 406 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus sandace ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 407 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus ena ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 268 , pl . 29 , f . 409 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus buea ; [ bafr ] , 172 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 411 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus golo ; [ bafr ] , 174 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 416 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus safitza ; [ afrl ] ; larsen & vane - wright , 2012 , shilap revta . lepid . 40 ( 157 ) : 85\nbicyclus campus ; [ bafr ] , 178 ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 421 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus milyas ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 272 , pl . 30 , f . 423a ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus pavonis ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 272 , pl . 30 , f . 423 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus funebris ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 273 , pl . 30 , f . 424 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus sophrosyne sophrosyne ; [ bafr ] , 173 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 413 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus smithi smithi ; [ bafr ] , 174 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 415 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus xeneas ; [ afrl ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 117 , f . 6 ( text only ) ; [ nhm card ]\nbicyclus safitza safitza ; [ bafr ] , 178 ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 420 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus mesogena mesogena ; [ bafr ] , 168 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 266 , pl . 28 , f . 402 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus rileyi condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 792 ; tl : cameroun , bitje - ja\nbicyclus jefferyi ; [ bk ] : 268 , pl . 28 , f . 408 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus istaris ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 412 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 172 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus mollitia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 173 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 414 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus saussurei angustus ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 177 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 418 ; [ afrl ]\nbicyclus taenias ; [ bow ] : pl . 118 , f . 2 ( text only ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ afrl ]\ndicothyris karsch , 1893 ; berl . ent . z . 38 ( 1 / 2 ) : 203 ; ts : mycalesis sambulos hewitson\nw . nigeria , cameroun , gabon , congo republic , zaire , equatorial guinea . see [ maps ]\nhewitsonii nyongensis ( birket - smith , 1960 ) ( mycalesis ) ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 22 : 550\nephorus bergeri condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1099\nmycalesis graueri rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 256\ns . nigeria - cameroun , gabon , fernando p\u00f3o ( mac\u00edas nguema i . ) . see [ maps ]\nidiomorphus zinebi butler , 1869 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 3 ( 13 ) : 19 , pl . 9 , f . 4 ; tl : gold coast\nkenya , e . zaire , uganda ( toro ) . see [ maps ]\nmesogena mesogenina gr\u00fcnberg , 1912 \u00b2 ; ergeb . dt . z . - afr . exped . 3 ( zool . 1 ) : 509\nmycalesis sambulos hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 65 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : gaboon\nc . kenya ( highlands ) , loita , mau hills , n . tanzania , n . lake victoria , s . sudan . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis ( ? ) kenia rogenhofer , 1891 ; ann . mus . wien 6 ( 3 ) : 462 , pl . 15 , f . 8\nsenegal - w . kenya , tanzania ( forests ) , uganda , zaire , gabon , angola . see [ maps ]\ngambia - angola , uganda , tanzania , w . kenya . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis tolosa pl\u00f6tz , 1880 ; stettin ent . ztg 41 ( 4 - 6 ) : 197 ; tl : abo , aburi und victoria\nburundi , rwanda , tanzania , zaire , uganda , w . kenya . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis sandace hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 65 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 65 ; tl : fernando po\nzululand - swaziland , e . transvaal , rhodesia - kenya , uganda . see [ maps ]\nmo\u00e7ambique , rhodesia , zambia , zimbabwe - zaire , e . kenya . see [ maps ]\nrhodesia , mozambique , malawi , zambia , s . tanzania , s . zaire ( shaba )\ne . tanzania ( usambara mts . - iringa ) . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis albocincta rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 260 , pl . 21 , f . 33 - 34\nmycalesis neustetteri rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 257 , pl . 21 , f . 29 - 32\nmycalesis matuta karsch , 1894 ; ent . nachr . 20 ( 14 / 15 ) : 228\nmycalesis persimilis joicey & talbot , 1921 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 1 ) : 76 , pl . 13 , f . 38 - 40 ; tl : ruwenzori , western slopes\nw . tanzania ( kungwe - mahale mts . ) . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis ( monotrichtis ) buea strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 109 ; tl : buea ; musake\nbrunnea ( jackson , 1951 ) ( monotrichtis ) ; proc . r . ent . soc . lond . ( b ) 20 : 97\nw . kenya , uganda , e . zaire , s . zaire . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis abnormis dudgeon , 1909 ; bull . ent . soc . lond . 1909 : lii\nmycalesis fernandina schultze , 1914 ; ent . rundsch . 31 ( 9 ) : 49 ; tl : fernando po\nsmithi poensis condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 906\nmycalesis technatis hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 66 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 67 ; tl : gaboon\ne . nigeria - cameroun , gabon , congo republic . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis nobilis aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 269 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 2\nmycalesis ignobilis butler , 1870 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1870 ( 1 ) : 124 ; tl : gold coast\nmycalesis alboplaga rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 257 , pl . 21 , f . 27 - 28\nmycalesis elionas hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis vii - viii ) : [ 59 ] , pl . [ 31 ] , f . 41 - 42 ; tl : old calabar\nghana - cameroun , s . zaire ( shaba ) , uganda . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis dubia aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 270 , f . 4\nzaire , uganda , rwanda , burundi , w . tanzania , kenya ( montane ) . see [ maps ]\nburundi , rwanda , e . zaire ( kivu ) , uganda , nw . tanzania , w . kenya ( mt . elgon )\nmycalesis saussurei suffusa riley , 1921 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1921 ( 1 - 2 ) : 240 ; tl : nw . rhodesia , solwezi\nrhodesia , mo\u00e7ambique , natal , swaziland - ethiopia , s . somalia , kenya , uganda , e . zaire , comoros , socotra . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis anynana var . neglecta thurau , 1903 ; berl . ent . z . 48 : 119 [ dry - season ]\nkenya - tanzania , zambia , malawi , mozambique , rhodesia , botswana , s . africa , comoro is .\nanynana centralis condamin , 1968 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 30 : 603\nmycalesis safitza ab . semicoeca strand , 1910 ; soc . ent . 25 ( 2 ) : 6 ; tl : usambara\nsw . tanzania ( mpanda ) , zambia , malawi , n . rhodesia . see [ maps ]\nn . zambia , s . zaire ( shaba ) , s . tanzania , w . tanzania . see [ maps ]\nsenegal - ethiopia , w . kenya - mozambique , zimbabwe . see [ maps ]\nw . africa , cameroun , c . a . r . , n . zaire , sudan , uganda , ethiopia\nmycalesis milyas hewitson , 1864 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis v - vi ) : [ 57 ] , pl . [ 30 ] , f . 34 ; tl : white nile\nmycalesis pavonis butler , 1876 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 18 : 481 ; tl : abyssinia\nfunebris orientalis ( ungemach , 1932 ) ( mycalesis ) ; m\u00e9m . soc . sci . nat . phys . maroc 32 : 50\nguinea , sierra leone - gabon , c . zaire ( kasai ) . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis uniformis bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 470 ; tl : makala - beni\nmycalesis hyperanthus bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 469 ; tl : makala ; beni - mawambe\nnigeria , cameroun - gabon , congo republic , c . zaire . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis sciathis hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis vii - viii ) : [ 62 ] , pl . [ 32 ] , f . 55 - 56 ; tl : old calabar\nguinea - nigeria , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba ) . see [ maps ]\nmycalesis feae aurivillius , 1910 ; ann . mus . stor . nat . genova ( 3 ) 4 / 44 : 516 ; tl : moca , 1400m\nmycalesis analis aurivillius , 1895 ; ent . tidskr . 16 : 113 , f . 1 ; tl : camerun , yaunde\nmycalesis mildbraedi gaede , 1915 ; int . ent . zs . 9 ( 13 ) : 71 ; tl : bezirk jaunde , cameroons\nmycalesis kenia var . inocellata gaede , 1915 ; ent . rundsch . 32 : 50 ; tl : kitumu , s . kenya\nmycalesis ( monotrichtis ) hintzi strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 110 ; tl : musake\nmycalesis campides strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 110\nmycalesis owassae schultze , 1914 ; ent . rundsch . 31 ( 9 ) : 49 ; tl : o - wassa , fernando - poo\nmycalesis noblemairei janet , 1894 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1894 : cclvi ; tl : french congo , niari\nmycalesis langi holland , 1920 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 43 ( 6 ) : 139 , pl . 10 , f . 10 ( preocc . mycalesis langi de nic\u00e9ville , 1883 ) ; tl : congo\nmycalesis erysichton ehrmann , 1894 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 2 : 77 ; tl : piquinini sess , liberia , west africa\nmycalesis eleutheria rebel , 1911 ; ann . mus . wien . 24 : 412 , pl . 14 , f . 7 - 8\nmycalesis completa gaede , 1915 ; int . ent . zs . 9 ( 13 ) : 71 ; tl : bezirk jaunde , cameroon\nmycalesis chapini holland , 1920 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 43 ( 6 ) : 140 , pl . 7 , f . 9 ; tl : congo\nmycalesis benitonis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 147 ; tl : alen\nmycalesis bibundensis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 148 ; tl : w . africa , bibundi in kamerun\nmycalesis subignobilis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 149 ; tl : spanish guinea , alen\nchecklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nverzeichniss einer von dem herren mission\u00e4ren e . laman und w . sj\u00f6holm bei mukinbungu am unteren congo zu sammengebrachten schmetterlings sammlung\nzoological results of the swedish expedition to central africa 1921 . insecta 12 . lepidoptera 1\nresults from the danish expedition to the french cameroons ( 1949 - 1950 ) xxvii . - lepidoptera\non lepidoptera recently collected in british east africa by mr . g . f . scott elliot\ndescription d ' une esp\u00e8ce nouvelle de mycalesis ( lep satyridae ) ( mission p . l . dekeyser et b . holas au lib\u00e9ria , 1948 )\nthe genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson\ndescriptions of some new species of diurnal lepidoptera , collected by mr . harold cookson , in northern rhodesia , in 1903 and 1904\nreise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera\n- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .\na list of the butterflies collected by mr . william bonny on the journey with mr . stanley from yambuya on the aruwimi river through the great forest of central africa ; with descriptions of nine new species\nillustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson\na list of butterflies taken on the march to coomassie by lieutenant alwin s . bell , of the 2nd west - india regiment , between mansu and the river prah , with description of new species\nlepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species\nnotes on some new or rare rhopalocera from eastern africa . revisional notes and descriptions of some new east african rhopalocera .\nnew lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera\ninsekten von baliburg ( deutch - westafrika ) gesammelt von herrn dr . eugen zintgraff\ndie insecten der berglandschaft adeli im hinterlande von togo ( westafrika ) . 1 . abtheilung : apterygota , odonata , orthoptera saltatoria , lepidoptera rhopalocera\nverzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge\nwissenschaftliche ergebnisse der expedition r . grauernach . zentralafrika . 1909 - 1911 . lepidoptera\ndescriptions of two new species of lepidoptera collected by dr . w . j . ansorge in east africa\na list of the lepidoptera collected by mr . arthur h . neumann , in neumann , a . h . , elephant hungting in east equatorial africa in neumann ,\nneue tagfalter - formen aus usambara , gesammelt von herrn prof . dr . j . vosseler\nzoologische ergebnisse der expedition des herrn g . tessmann nach sud - kamerun und spanisch - guinea . lepidoptera\nneue rhopaloceren aus ost afrika . ergebnisse der nyassa - see - un kenya - gebirgs - expedition der hermann und elise geb . heckmann - wentzel - stiftung\ncontribution \u00e0 l ' \u00e9tude des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res d ' abyssinie ( pt . 1 , rhopaloc\u00e8res )\nweymer , 1892 exotische lepidopteren vi stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 79 - 125\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1120, "summary": [{"text": "vietteania pinna is a moth of the noctuidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in africa and its presence has been recorded in congo , eritrea , madagascar and tanzania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it has a wingspan of 29 mm . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "vietteania pinna", "paragraphs": ["vietteania griveaudi viette , 1979 ; 172 , f . 1 ; tl : grande comore , convalescence\nvietteania catadela fletcher , 1961 ; 196 , f . 24 ; tl : kenya , aberdare range , mt . kinangop\nhad been transferred to vietteania by rungs ( 1956 : 102 ) . the original \u2640 holotype was destroyed ( see viette 1961 : 38 ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ntanzania , tanganjika terr . , matengo - hochland , w . sw of songea , ugano , 1500\u20131700 m , 11\u201320 . xii . 1935 , leg . zerny .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide hacker 18487 , nhmw ; paratypes 2\u2640 , genitalia slide hacker 18486 , nhmw .\nhacker h . h . , schreier h . - p . & goater b . 2012 . revision of the tribe nolini of africa and the western palaearctic region ( lepidoptera , noctuoidea , noctuidae , nolinae ) . - esperiana 17 : 1\u2013612 .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\nmadagascar central , pays betsileo , route du sud , km 302 , ambatofitorahana forest , 1600 m , 23 . iii . 1955 , leg . p . viette .\nsaalm\u00fcller m . & von heyden l . 1891 . lepidopteren von madagascar . zweite abtheilung . heterocera : noctuae , geometrae , microlepidoptera . - \u2014 : 247\u2014531 , pls . 7\u201414 .\nberio e . 1962a . diagnosi e sinonymie di noctuidae dell ' africa centrale ( hadeninae ) . - doriana 3 ( 121 ) : 1\u20146 .\nstrand e . 1915b . lepidopteren aus ober - \u00e4gypten und dem \u00e4gyptischen sudan . - archiv f\u00fcr naturgeschichte 80 ( a ) ( 10 ) : 95\u2014112 .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nborolia pyrostrota hampson , 1907 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 19 ( 111 ) : 255 ; tl : uganda , ruwenzori , 6000 '\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\n[ poole ] ; poole , 1989 lepidopterorum catalogus ( new series ) 118 : noctuidae lepid . cat . ( n . s . ) 118 :\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nas part our commitment to scholarly and academic excellence , all articles receive editorial review .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\ncopyright \u00a9 2014 - 2017 babylon software ltd . all rights reserved to babylon translation software"]}
{"id": 1132, "summary": [{"text": "odontocarus is a genus of beetles in the family carabidae , containing the following species : odontocarus asiaticus chaudoir , 1852 odontocarus cephalotes dejean , 1826 odontocarus holofernes semenov & znojko , 1929 odontocarus iranicus jedlicka , 1968 odontocarus parilis dvorak , 1993 odontocarus robustus ( dejean , 1831 ) odontocarus samson reiche & saulcy , 1855 odontocarus silvestrii gridelli , 1930 odontocarus zarudnianus semenov & znojko , 1929", "topic": 26}], "title": "odontocarus", "paragraphs": ["on the basis of the morphological study of an extensive material odontocarus iranicus ( jedli\u010dka , 1968 ) syn . nov . , is synonymized with odontocarus zarudnianus ( semenov & znojko , 1929 ) .\nazadbakhsh s . 2016 . odontocarus iranicus ( jedli\u010dka , 1968 ) , a new synonym of odontocarus zarudnianus ( semenov & znojko , 1929 ) ( coleoptera ; carabidae ; harpalini ) . baltic j . coleopterol . , 16 ( 2 ) : 59 - 62 .\nmaintaining and updating the site requires a lot of time and effort . therefore , we are forced to introduce a partially paid access . we expect that the costs will not be too burdensome for you , and your money will help us in the development of interactive keys , and more dynamic updates of the site .\nyour subscription will be activated when payment clears . view the status of your subscription in your account .\nthis project help increase the availability of scientific knowledge worldwide . contributions at any level help sustain our work . thank you for your support .\n\u00a9 carabidae of the world , 2007 - 2018 \u00a9 a team of authors , in in : anichtchenko a . et al . , ( editors ) 2007 - 2018\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nfauna europaea 2 . 4 [ 380183 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) : fauna europaea [ urltoken ] [ as odotoncarus robustus ( dejean , 1831 ) ] data retrieved on : 9 march 2012\nhelp us to expand this encyclopedia ! if you are logged in , you can add new subtaxa , vernacular and scientific names , texts , images or intertaxon relationships for this taxon .\nxv th symposium of polish carabidologists tatra national park 04 - 07 . 06 . 2017\narchive : volume 17 , no . 2 ( 2017 ) volume 17 , no . 1 ( 2017 )\nto provide you with additional information about how we collect and use your personal data , we ' ve recently updated our privacy policy and terms of service . please review these pages now , as they apply to your continued use of our website ."]}
{"id": 1133, "summary": [{"text": "doxander campbelli , common name the campbell 's stromb , is a species of medium-sized sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family strombidae , the true conchs . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "doxander campbelli", "paragraphs": ["belongs to doxander according to a . j . w . hendy et al . 2008\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : doxander campbelli ( e . griffith & e . pidgeon , 1834 ) - id : 1450000025\n( of strombus campbelli gray in griffith & pidgeon , 1833 ) griffith , e . & pidgeon , e . ( 1833 - 1834 ) . the mollusca and radiata . vol . 12 , in : e . griffith , [ 1824 ] \u22121835 , the animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization , by the baron cuvier , [ . . . ] . london : whittaker and co . , viii + 601 pp . , 61 pls . [ 1\u2212138 ( date of publication according to petit & coan , 2008 : pp 1 - 192 , mollusca pls . 1\u221239 - 1833 ; pp 193 - 601 , pls . zoophytes 2\u221220 , mollusca corrected pls . 28 * , 36 * , 37 * , pls . 40 - 41 - 1834 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : pl . 25 , fig . 6 [ legend ] [ details ]\n( gray in griffith & pidgeon , 1833 ) . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 564523 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nliverani v . ( 2014 ) the superfamily stromboidea . addenda and corrigenda . in : g . t . poppe , k . groh & c . renker ( eds ) , a conchological iconography . pp . 1 - 54 , pls 131 - 164 . harxheim : conchbooks . [ details ]\n( of alaba sulcata r . b . watson , 1886 ) liverani v . ( 2014 ) the superfamily stromboidea . addenda and corrigenda . in : g . t . poppe , k . groh & c . renker ( eds ) , a conchological iconography . pp . 1 - 54 , pls 131 - 164 . harxheim : conchbooks . [ details ]\ngriffith , e . & pidgeon , e . ( 1833 - 1834 ) . the mollusca and radiata . vol . 12 , in : e . griffith , [ 1824 ] \u22121835 , the animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization , by the baron cuvier , [ . . . ] . london : whittaker and co . , viii + 601 pp . , 61 pls . [ 1\u2212138 ( date of publication according to petit & coan , 2008 : pp 1 - 192 , mollusca pls . 1\u221239 - 1833 ; pp 193 - 601 , pls . zoophytes 2\u221220 , mollusca corrected pls . 28 * , 36 * , 37 * , pls . 40 - 41 - 1834 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : pl . 25 , fig . 6 [ legend ] [ details ]\ngray in griffith & pidgeon , 1833 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 564525 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nabbott , r . t . 1960 ,\nthe genus strombus in the indo - pacific\n, indo - pacific mollusca , vol . 1 , no . 2 , pp . 33 - 146\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 86c7085f - e871 - 4f3e - a3e8 - 166943b365f4\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c31adcae - 2ead - 45f9 - a508 - ad27b7fa3f6f\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1d01fdf3 - c2ed - 4546 - 9d3d - dcb6db2fa8a2\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 639077\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nusing cookies on urltoken shellauction uses cookies only for technical reasons and to facilitate and speed up your site navigation . by continuing to browse , you accept the use of cookies ; if you do not wish to receive them please disable them or not navigate this website further . more info cookies on urltoken\nutilizzo dei cookies su urltoken shellauction utilizza i cookies esclusivamente per ragioni tecniche e per facilitare e velocizzare la navigazione del sito . continuando a navigare accetti l ' utilizzo dei cookies , se non desideri riceverli ti invitiamo a disabilitarli oppure a non navigare questo sito ulteriormente . altre informazioni sui cookies di urltoken\ndingo beach . in sand low tide . tiny nick on lip . with opec ! nice pattern variation !"]}
{"id": 1144, "summary": [{"text": "the mexican gray squirrel ( or red-bellied squirrel ) ( sciurus aureogaster ) is a tree squirrel in the genus sciurus native to guatemala and eastern and southern mexico .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "it has been introduced in the florida keys .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the alternate name of this squirrel ( red-bellied squirrel ) should not be confused with the indonesian red-bellied squirrel ( rubrisciurus rubriventer ) or the asian red-bellied tree squirrel ( callosciurus erythraeus ) .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the two subspecies each have many synonyms associated with them : the subspecies s. a. aureogaster was also known as s. a. chrysogaster , s. a. ferruginiventris , s. a. hypopyrrhus , s. a. hypoxanthus , s. a. leucogaster , s. a. maurus , s. a. morio , s. a. mustelinus , s. a. raviventer and s. a. rufiventris .", "topic": 29}, {"text": "the subspecies s. a. nigrescens was also known as s. a. affinis , s. a. albipes , s. a. cervicalis , s. a. chiapensis , s. a. cocos , s. a. colimensis , s. a. effugius , s. a. frumentor , s. a. griseoflavus , s. a. hernandezi , s. a. hirtus , s. a. leucops , s. a. littoralis , s. a. nelsoni , s. a. nemoralis , s. a. perigrinator , s. a. poliopus , s. a. quercinus , s. a. rufipes , s. a. senex , s. a. socialis , s. a. tepicanus , s. a. varius and s. a. wagneri . ", "topic": 29}], "title": "mexican gray squirrel", "paragraphs": ["a systematic study of the mexican and guatemalan gray squirrel , sciurus aureogaster f . cuvier ( rodentia : sciuridae ) .\nmcguire , r . 1975 . field ecology of the exotic mexican red - bellied squirrel in florida .\npack , j . , h . mosby , p . siegel . 1967 . influence of social hierarchy on gray squirrel behavior .\nramos - lara , n . , f . cervantes . 2011 . ecology of mexican red - bellied squirrel (\nbrown , l . , r . mcguire . 1975 . field ecology of the exotic mexican red - bellied squirrel in florida .\nramos - lara , n . , f . cervantes . 2007 . nest - site selection by the mexican red - bellied squirrel (\nto celebrate the world cup , i\u2019m drawing one mammal from each of the 32 competing countries . today\u2019s is the mexican gray squirrel , also called the mexican red - bellied squirrel , a busy little guy who is native to the treetops of both mexico and guatemala . ( guatemala\u2019s national soccer team has never qualified for the world cup . ) the mexican gray squirrel , like all other squirrels , i imagine , likes to eat nuts and seeds , but it also occasionally treats itself to a raid on a mango or cacao plantation . the species is widespread and not threatened ( hooray ! cue vuvuzelas ! ) .\nauthor : vassia atanassova - spiritia license : attribution 3 . 0 unported ( cc by 3 . 0 ) urltoken description : english : mexican gray squirrel ( sciurus aureogaster ) seen in chapultepec park , mexico city \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 : \u043c\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430 ( sciurus aureogaster ) , \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043a , \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u043e link : urltoken title : mexican gray squirrel ( sciurus aureogaster ) in chapultepec park , mexico city - 1 . webm details of the licenses can be found on this channel ' s\nabout\npage . in this video , no changes or modifications have been made to the original material . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\nthere is little available information on longevity in mexican red - bellied squirrels . readers should refer to information on the family sciuridae .\nsharp , w . 1959 . a commentary on the behavior of free running gray squirrels . proceedings of the southeastern association game and fish commissioners , 13 : 382 - 387 .\nthere is little available information on parental investment in mexican red - bellied squirrels . readers should refer to information on the family sciuridae .\nmcguire , r . , l . brown . 1973 . coconut feeding behavior of the red - bellied squirrel on elliot key , dade co . , florida .\nmexico is the usa\u2019s major rival in soccer / f\u00fatbol , which makes life hard for some mexican - americans at world cup time . mexico has hosted the world cup twice , and both times the team made it to the quarterfinals , but el tri has never made it any further than that .\nthis squirrel occurs in most forested habitats including thorn scrub , deciduous and evergreen forest , dry pine - oak woodland , secondary forest , and plantations . in dry woodlands or forest it is most common , especially in those bordering agricultural areas ( reid 1997 ) . it also occurs in urban areas . this squirrel is diurnal and usually solitary . individuals occupy distinct territories and may occur at densities of 0 . 7 individuals / ha ( coates - estrada and estrada 1986 ) . it is mainly arboreal , but will come to the ground to feed or travel from tree to tree . leaf nests are built on tree branches , 5 to 15 m above ground . in the lowlands , it feeds fruits and seeds of ficus spp . , cecropia spp . , poulsenia armata , brosimum alicastrum , and astrocaryum mexicanum . acorns and pine nuts are the staple foods of highland populations . plantations of corn , mango , cacao , and tamarind are sometimes raided . it is usually silent , but sometimes makes raspy trills and harsh chatters . females give birth to 2 to 4 young during the dry season ; black and gray individuals may be born in the same litter ( reid 1997 ) .\nthis is a fantastic squirrel , jennifer ! your color is so very bold , while still being true to the animal , and your texture work is impressive ! some of your best , in fact . the feel of the fur and the contrast between body and tail really come through here . and as someone who used to have backyard squirrels sitting on his shoulder as a kid , i know what i\u2019m talking about !\nmexican red - bellied squirrels make leaf nests built on tree branches approximately 5 - 15m above ground . these leaf nests consist of a base of interwoven twigs containing an inner cup of tightly packed singular leaves and covered by a dome of interlaced leaves and small twigs . it is thought the twigs and leaves are taken from the immediate area surrounding the nest and consist of the inhabited tree species . in mexico ,\nhas an average of 1 - 2 offspring per litter and food availability appears to be the limiting factor in their reproduction . in a study by brown and mcguire ( 1975 ) , 70 - 90 % of adult males captured in florida exhibited signs of breeding condition year round . in the same region , lactating females varied from 50 % of adult females in february and over 40 % in the may - august period , to a low of 12 . 5 % in november . in general , little is known about reproduction in this squirrel species .\nlittle is known about the home range sizes of mexican red - bellied squirrels in their native range . in their introduced range in florida , home range sizes for females are smaller than those of their male counterparts , with the average home range size for adult males is 2 . 3 hectares and for females it is 0 . 9 hectare . home range size of breeding males are highly variable and may indicate some type of social hierarchy where certain males dominate in mating with females , while some individuals may range farther to breed with receptive females .\nred - bellied squirrels are found in a variety of forests ranging from tropical scrub and broadleaf forests of the hot lowlands to the cold and wet temperate cloud forests of oak and conifer in the highlands . they are found at up to 3 , 800 meters in elevation . they are most commonly found in dry woodlands and generally occur in forested habitats including thorn scrub , deciduous and evergreen forest , dry pine - oak woodland , secondary forest , and plantations . mexican red - bellied squirrels also inhabit areas bordering agricultural and urban areas . introduced populations in the florida keys are abundant in dense , subtropical hammock - forest .\nmexican red - bellied squirrels are diurnal with most movements starting one - half hour after sunrise until about an hour before noon , and then beginning again in the early evening hours . even after long exposure to humans , s . aureogaster is shy and elusive . in areas where the species was introduced it rarely comes to the ground and spends most of its time on the limbs of tree canopy . in mexico , however , squirrels can be observed using the forest floor year round , especially during the dry season . high winds , days with high ambient temperature , and cloudy and / or rainy weather inhibits normal activity . when an intruder approaches , s . aureogaster shows occasional aggressive behaviors such as emitting barks and moving its tail forward and backward rapidly . chasing behaviors have been observed between individuals of s . aureogaster and may be involved with reproduction . the chasing behavior consists of multiple individuals chasing a single individual and producing numerous squeaking and clicking sounds over a small area of the forest .\nadult males weigh an average of 591 . 7 g amd adult females weigh an average of 562 . 5 g . hayssen et al . 1993 report an average body mass of 505 g . head and body length ranges from 232 to 310 mm , with tail length ranging from 215 to 284 mm . dorsal pelage consists of salt - and - pepper coloration combined with a bright rufous belly and flank . the rufous color of the flank is spread dorsally over the area of the forelimbs and shoulder to form an hour - glass shaped marking over the back . these main pelage features are best developed and least variable in populations of the northern ( tamaulipas and eastern san luis potosi ) and southeastern ( northeastern oaxaca , eastern veracruz , tabasco , and northeastern chiapas ) segments of the range . red - bellied squirrels are one of the most variable western hemisphere tree squirrels in terms and color and pattern . they can have grayish upper parts that may be broken or un - patterned by nape or rump patches , a shoulder and costal patch , or combinations of those patterns . the underparts may vary from white to orange to deep chestnut . in a study area in michoacan , squirrels were grey with white underparts . in certain segments of the range , populations exhibit melanism . in northern populations , a melanistic phase is common ; about 40 % of specimens sampled from tamaulipas and eastern san luis potosi have high degrees of black coloration . furthermore , introduced populations in the florida keys have either totally black or gray dorsal pelage with a red belly color phase in a 50 % ratio . most melanistic squirrels have a reddish tinge to the underfur on the back and rump . reid ( 1997 ) defines four distinct color forms ( although there is variation in each form ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\njustification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , tolerance of a broad range of habitats , and because it does not appear to be under threat and is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .\nthis species occurs from southwest and central guatemala to guanajuato , nayarit and nuevo leon , mexico ( thorington and hoffmann 2005 ) . it has been introduced to elliot key , florida ( reid 1997 ) . it occurs from lowlands to 3 , 800 m ( reid 1997 ) .\nno major threats known . although not considered a major threat , in some areas this species is hunted for food or to prevent damage to corn and other crops ( reid 1997 ) .\nthere are no known conservation measures specific to this species . however , there are several protected areas within its range .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nthe range of red - bellied squirrels extends northward from southwest and central guatemala to guanajuato , nayarit , and nuevo leon , mexico . two pairs were introduced to elliott key island in the florida keys in 1938 by a resident of the island and now a population is established there . they have also been documented on adams key , sands key , and old rhodes key , indicating that they may be expanding their introduced range . in one study conducted , a density of 2 . 47 squirrels were calculated per hectare in elliot key . across the range , two subspecies have been identified :\ninhabiting the rest of the geographic range . according to morphological characteristics of the baculum , red - bellied squirrels are closely related to other neotropical squirrels :\n( brown and mcguire , 1969 ; brown , 1969 ; koprowski , et al . , 2005 ; layne , 1997 ; mcguire , 1975 ; palmer , et al . , 2014 ; reid , 1997 ; tilmant , 1980 ; villalobos and cervantes - reza , 2007 ; wilson and reeder , 2005 )\n( hayssen , 2008 ; hayssen , et al . , 1996 ; mcguire , 1975 ; musser , 1968 ; ramos - lara and cervantes , 2011 ; reid , 1997 )\nexhibits year round breeding activity . mating system is unknown , but is most likely polygynandrous as for most members of the family\nfemales give birth to 2 - 4 offspring during the dry season across their normal distribution . for florida populations ,\nbreeding interval sciurus aureogaster exhibit year round breeding activity . gestation period is unknown .\n. the squirrels build nests in forks of trees or in branches of oak and pine . individuals constructing nests bite off leafy branches 20 - 30cm long and interweave them into a spherical shape . during the wet season\nis most commonly used during the dry season . this preference , however , may be due to seasonal tree mast production . when available , artificial nest boxes are utilized . however , unlike their natural form , the artificial nest boxes are exposed and uncovered . in a study conducted on introduced populations in the florida keys , brown and mcguire ( 1975 ) discovered\nuses nest boxes in tropical habitat characterized by a few natural tree hollows . eight different tree species were used , although the west indian mahogany (\n( brown and mcguire , 1975 ; mcguire , 1975 ; musser , 1968 ; pack , et al . , 1967 ; ramos - lara and cervantes , 2007 ; ramos - lara and cervantes , 2011 ; reid , 1997 )\nfour different vocalizations have been outlined by brown and mcguire ( 1975 ) using sharp ' s ( 1959 ) terminology : 1 . the call of apprehension ; a low - pitched barking call when squirrels are at a safe distance but within sight of an intruder . 2 . the call of danger ; high - pitched barking call and a faster note . 3 . the mating call ; numerous rapid squeaking and clucking sounds . 4 . the squeal of death ; sharp , piercing high - pitched squeals . during apprehensive and danger calls , the tail is held forward over the back in an \u201cs\u201d position and rapidly moved forward and backward .\nred - bellied squirrels are primarily frugivorous . in the lowlands of its native range , seeds and fruits of\nare commonly eaten . in the highlands , acorns and pine nuts are common food staples . in mexico , red - bellied squirrels are observed feeding on seeds of pines (\n) . however , field observations indicate that use of food items may be based on seasonality . red - bellied squirrels use the fruit or seeds of many different species of tropical trees and shrubs including wild mastic (\n) , and sea grape . when seeds are unavailable , squirrels clip branches and consume the phloem of wild mastic .\n) , which provide rich and constant food supply throughout the year along marine shorelines .\n( brown and mcguire , 1969 ; hall and kelson , 1959 ; mcguire , 1975 ; palmer , et al . , 2007 ; ramos - lara and cervantes , 2011 ; reid , 1997 )\nin native populations , red - bellied squirrels are hunted as food for human consumption and makes up 4 . 9 % of the bobcat (\n) diet . in introduced populations , there is little predation pressure . rather , competition for food and denning sites with native fox squirrels , black rats , raccoons , frugivorous birds , owls , and other species appears to be the limiting factor on population density .\n( aranda , et al . , 2002 ; mcguire , 1975 ; reid , 1997 )\n) due to an overlap in territory and shared resources . where introduced , red - bellied squirrels can affect native fauna , such as the threatened white - crowned pigeons (\n) , a state species of special concern . additionally , the dispersal and establishment of white oak trees can be decreased due to predation on acorns by red - bellied squirrels . possible commensal relationships occur between red - bellied squirrels and invertebrate taxa such as ants , paper wasps , and scorpions as they were found inside man - made nest boxes with these squirrels . screech owls (\n) may use nest boxes for temporary shelter and rearing young . red - bellied squirrels are host to a recently described species of nematode ,\n(\nflorida\u2019s endangered species , threatened species , and species of special concern\n, 2004 ; bancroft and bowman , 1994 ; falcon - ordaz and lamothe - argumedo , 2006 ; mcguire , 1975 ; musser , 1968 ; palmer , et al . , 2007 ; steele , et al . , 2001 )\nred - bellied squirrels sometimes cause damage to cornfields by consuming fruiting ears in mexico .\nalicia byers ( author ) , texas a & m university , jessica light ( author , editor ) , texas a & m university , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .\nliving in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .\nyoung are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .\nhaving body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .\nhaving markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .\nanimals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .\nforest biomes are dominated by trees , otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality .\nreferring to animal species that have been transported to and established populations in regions outside of their natural range , usually through human action .\nthe area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .\nthe kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males , each of which also pairs with several different females .\nthe region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .\nliving in cities and large towns , landscapes dominated by human structures and activity .\nreproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .\nflorida fish and wildlife conservation commission . florida\u2019s endangered species , threatened species , and species of special concern . gainesville , tallahassee : florida fish and wildlife conservation commission . 2004 . accessed august 20 , 2014 at urltoken .\nbancroft , g . , r . bowman . 1994 . temporal patterns in diet of nestling white - crowned pigeons : implications for conservation of frugivorous columbids .\nceballos , g . , c . galindo . 1984 . mam\u00edferos silvestres de la cuenca de m\u00e9xico .\nfalcon - ordaz , j . , m . lamothe - argumedo . 2006 . a new species of\nhayssen , v . 2008 . reproductive effort in squirrels : ecological , phylogeneitc , allometric , and latitudinal patterns .\nhayssen , v . , a . van tienhoven , a . van tienhoven . 1996 .\nkoprowski , j . , l . roth , f . reid , n . woodman , r . timm , l . emmons . 2013 .\nsciurus aureogaster\n( on - line ) . iucn redlist . accessed april 20 , 2014 at urltoken .\nlayne , j . 1997 . nonindigenous mammals . pp . 157 - 186 in d simberloff , d schmitz , brown , t . , eds .\npalmer , g . , j . koprowski , t . pernas . 2007 . tree squirrels as invasive species : conservation and management implications . managing vertebrate invasive species , 36 : 273 - 282 .\nf . cuvier , 1829 ) from biscayne national park , florida , usa . pp . 222 - 224 in c veitch , m clout , d towns , eds .\nromero - balderas , k . , e . naranjo , h . morales , r . nigh . 2006 . damages caused by wild vertebrate species in corn crops at the lacandon forest , chiapas , mexico .\nsteele , m . , g . turner , p . smallwood , j . wolff , j . radillo . 2001 . cache management by small mammals : experimental evidence for the significance of acorn - embryo excision .\nto cite this page : byers , a . and j . light 2015 .\nsciurus aureogaster\n( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\ndiscover world - changing science . explore our digital archive back to 1845 , including articles by more than 150 nobel prize winners .\nscientific american is part of springer nature , which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications ( many of them can be found at urltoken ) . scientific american maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers .\nmexico , whose national team is nicknamed el tri for the country\u2019s tricolor flag , is in the world cup\u2019s group a , a tough bunch of contenders , as we discussed yesterday . in friday\u2019s opening game of the tournament , mexico just managed to tie south africa 1\u20131 . of course a win would have made either team happy , but the level of competition in their group is such that neither is out of the running yet . ( if you missed the game , here\u2019s the guardian\u2019 s live blog of it . ) next , south africa takes on uruguay on wednesday and mexico faces france on thursday .\nalso , nice world cup info as well . thanks for helping me get into the fifa spirit ! indeed , let the vuvuzelas sound ! ( but only for a brief while \u2014 they give me a headache ! )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nuse these links to obtain additional detailed information and research . life history information is invaluable because it provides diet and habitat info that can be used to formulate diets as well as identify release environments\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nproject noah is a tool to explore and document wildlife and a platform to harness the power of citizen scientists everywhere ."]}
{"id": 1146, "summary": [{"text": "saphenista paraconsona is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in minas gerais , brazil .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 10 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the ground colour of the forewings is glossy creamy with pinkish dots .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the base of the wing is suffused with pale brownish olive , the termen is more pinkish .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey brown . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "saphenista paraconsona", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for paraconsona definition . you find here paraconsona meaning , synonyms of paraconsona and images for paraconsona copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word paraconsona . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word paraconsona and , of course , paraconsona synonyms and on the right images related to the word paraconsona .\nparaconsona razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 296 tl : brazil , minas gerais , nova lima . holotype : vbc . female .\nhave a fact about saphenista runtuna ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for saphenista runtuna ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nburreus razowski , in heppner , 1995 ( saphenista ) , atlas neotropical lepid . checklist 2 : 140 . no type\nmilicha razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 211 tl : mexico , veracruz , banderilla . holotype : eme . female .\nmira razowski , 1989 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 17 : 206 . tl : guatemala , volcn santa maria . holotype : usnm . female .\ndexia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 454 tl : costa rica , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .\nnovaelimae razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 104 . tl : brazil , nova lima . holotype : vbc . male .\nperlaria razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 442 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .\nteopiscana razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 450 tl : mexico , chiapas , teopisca . holotype : mnrj . male .\nalpha razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 101 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .\nbeta razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 102 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .\nbrunneomaculata razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 503 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , pululahua , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .\ncarchiana razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 299 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .\nchiriboga razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 502 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , chiriboga , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . female .\nchlorfascia razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 103 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .\ncontermina razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 298 tl : ecuador , tungurahua province , patate . holotype : vbc . male .\ncryptogramma razowski & becker , 1994 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 28 . tl : brazil , par , belm . holotype : mnrj . female .\nfluida razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 402 tl : mexico , veracruz , fortn de las flores . holotype : eme . female .\nlineata razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 300 tl : ecuador , azuay province , cajas . holotype : vbc . male .\nlivida razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 402 tl : mexico , durango , 11 mi e revolcaderos . holotype : eme . male .\nmerana razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 299 tl : ecuador , pastaza province , mera . holotype : vbc . male .\nnauphraga razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 422 tl : brazil , santa catarina , brusque . holotype : mnrj . male .\nnongrata razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 397 tl : mexico , veracruz , fortn de las flores . holotype : eme . female .\nnuda razowski & becker , 1999 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 42 : 323 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : mrsn . male .\nochraurea razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 296 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .\npululahuana razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 503 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , chiriboga , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .\nrufozodion razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .\nscalena razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 103 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .\nsubsphragidias razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 298 tl : ecuador , tunggurahua province , patate . holotype : vbc . female .\nturguinoa razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 69 . tl : cuba , santiago , turguino . holotype : vbc . male .\nabsidata razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 216 tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . female .\nceteora razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : brazil , minas gerais , nova lima . holotype : vbc . female .\ncnemiodota razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 214 tl : mexico , mexico , 10 air km se amecameca . holotype : eme . female .\ncyphoma razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 220 tl : mexico , mexico , 10 air km se amecameca . holotype : eme . female .\ndelapsa razowski , 1990 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 18 : 340 . tl : mexico , guerrero , 16 km nw iguala . holotype : eme . female .\nembolina razowski , 1984 ( saphenista ) , ann . zool . 38 : 277 . tl : venezuela , merida , 4 km s santo domingo . holotype : usnm . female .\ngilva razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 453 tl : costa rica , cartago province , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .\nglorianda razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 401 tl : mexico , nuevo leon , 4 mi w iturbide . holotype : eme . male .\nillimis razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 400 tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . male .\nimaginaria razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 452 tl : costa rica , cartago province , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .\nmediocris razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 398 tl : mexico , nuevo leon , 4 mi w iturbide . holotype : eme . female .\nochrapex razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 443 . tl : ecuador , napo prov . , baeza . holotype : vbc . female .\nparabeta razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 441 . tl : ecuador , loja prov . , loja . holotype : vbc . male .\nryrsiloba razowski , 1990 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 18 : 339 . tl : mexico , mexico , chilpango de los bravos . holotype : eme . female .\nsaragurae razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 8 . tl : ecuador , province loja , saraguro . holotype : mzuj . female .\nsolisae razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 104 . tl : mexico , tamaulipas , gomez farias . holotype : vbc . male .\nsubperlaria razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 443 . tl : ecuador , loja prov . , loja . holotype : vbc . male .\ntemperata razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 399 tl : mexico , tamaulipas , 12 mi sw ciudad victoria . holotype : eme . female .\ntufinoa razowski , 1999 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 42 : 323 tl : ecuador , carchi province , 35 km w tufino . holotype : cmnh . male .\namusa razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 170 tl : peru , dept . puno , 5 km w limbani . holotype : zmuc . female .\nchasia razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 444 . tl : brazil , rio de janeiro , nova friburgo . holotype : vbc . female .\nconsona razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 423 tl : brazil , paran , banhado , quatro barras . holotype : mnrj . male .\nendomycha razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 96 . tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , monteverde . holotype : eme . female .\neuprepia razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 171 tl : peru , dept . cajamarca , 10 km w huambos . holotype : zmuc . male .\njuvenca razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 455 tl : costa rica , cartago province , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .\nlathridia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 457 tl : costa rica , cartago province , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .\norescia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : mexico , distrito federal , parque nacional zoquiapan . holotype : mnrj . female .\npyrczi razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 123 . tl : ecuador , prov . napo , papallacta . holotype : mzuj . male .\nrosariana razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 70 . tl : cuba , pinar rio , sierra rosario . holotype : vbc . male .\nruntuna razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 124 . tl : ecuador , tungurahua , banos , runtun . holotype : mzuj . male .\nsclerorhaphia razowski & becker , 1994 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 29 . tl : brazil , santa catarina , so joaquin . holotype : mnrj . female .\nsolda razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 212 tl : mexico , veracruz , 22 rd km w ciudad mendoza . holotype : eme . male .\nsplendida razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , indanza . holotype : vbc . female .\nallasia razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 205 tl : ecuador , napo province , via santa barbara - la bonita . holotype : eme . female .\nconsectaria razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo ent . 62 : 118 . tl : mexico , sonora , cuchujaqui , 8 rd mi e alamos . holotype : lacm . male .\nconsulta razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 400 tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , 6 km s san vito . holotype : eme . male .\nleuconigra razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 502 . tl : ecuador , province carchi , res . forest golondrinas , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .\nmultistrigata walsingham , 1914 ( saphenista ) , biol . centr . - am . lepid . heterocera 4 : 296 . tl : mexico , veracruz , atoyac . holotype : bmnh . male .\noreada razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : mexico , chiapas , san cristobal de las casas . holotype : mnrj . female .\npraia razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 399 tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , 6 km s san vito . holotype : eme . male .\nambidextria razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 222 tl : mexico , veracruz , caon las minas , 13 km ne perote . holotype : eme . female .\nburrens razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 169 tl : peru , huanuco , 25 km ne huanuco , cordillera carpish pattytrail . holotype : zmuc . female .\nconstipata razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 216 tl : mexico , veracruz , caon las minas , 13 km ne perote . holotype : eme . female .\ncubana razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 71 . tl : cuba , santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba . holotype : vbc . male .\nincauta razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : costa rica , cartago province , santa cruz , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .\nonychina razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 452 tl : costa rica , cartago province , santa cruz , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .\nrafaeliana razowski , 1989 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 17 : 206 . tl : colombia , cauca , paramo de parace , lake san rafael . holotype : usnm . male .\nrawlinsiana razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 211 tl : ecuador , azuay province , azuay pass , 8 km ne giron . holotype : cmnh . male .\nsimillima razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 71 . tl : cuba , santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba . holotype : vbc . male .\ncuscana razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , prov . cusco , cordillera vilcanota , marcapata . holotype : mzuj . male .\neranna razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 453 tl : costa rica , san jos province , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : mnrj . female .\nerasmia razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , 7 km se caon . holotype : eme . male .\nomoea razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 169 tl : peru , dept . puno , 15 km e ayaviri , laguna huascacocha . holotype : zmuc . male .\norichalcana razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 451 tl : costa rica , san jos province , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : mnrj . male .\nperuviana razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 170 tl : peru , dept . apurimac , 12 km n abancay , cerro turonmocco . holotype : zmuc . male .\nepiera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 96 . tl : costa rica , alajeula province , n slope volcn de rincon . holotype : eme . male .\nphenax razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 198 tl : costa rica , san jos province , estacin carrillo , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : eme . male .\nsemistrigata forbes , 1931 ( saphenista ) , j . dep . agric . p . r . 15 ( 4 ) : 355 . tl : puerto rico , luquillo mountains . holotype : cuic . female .\nxysta razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 202 tl : costa rica , alajuela province , ro sarapiqui , 6 air km san miguel . holotype : eme . male .\ncampalita razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 171 tl : peru , dept . lima , 10 km n oyn , quabrada quichas , pueblo quichas . holotype : zmuc . male .\ndiscrepans razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 196 tl : costa rica , alajuela province , ne slope volcn pos , 8 km n vara blanca . holotype : eme . male .\nrufoscripta razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , dept . huanuco , via huanuco - tingo maria , carpish . holotype : mzuj . male .\nchloromixta razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 93 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . female .\neneilema razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 90 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\nephimera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 88 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\nepipolea razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\nereba razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 94 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\ngnathmocera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\nmelema razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 94 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . female .\nstorthingoloba razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 93 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .\npascana razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , dept . pasco , p . n . yanachaga chemillen , refugio el cedro . holotype : mzuj . male .\nperaviae razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 202 tl : dominican republic , dominican republic ( peravia , 3 km sw la nuez , tributary ro las cuevas ) . holotype : cmnh . female .\nbimaculata nishida & adamski , 2004 ( saphenista ) , proc . ent . soc . wash . 106 : 136 . tl : costa rica , san jos province , cerro de la muerte , villa mills . holotype : inbio . male .\nmuerta nishida & adamski , 2004 ( saphenista ) , proc . ent . soc . wash . 106 : 135 . tl : costa rica , san jos province , cerro de la muerte , villa mills . holotype : inbio . male .\nchanostium razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 124 . tl : ecuador , prov . napo , morona - santiago , n . p . sangay , via guamote - macas . holotype : mzuj . female .\nrivadeneirai razowski & pelz , 2001 ( saphenista ) , nachrbl . ent . ver . apollo ( n . f . ) 22 : 23 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , macas , proao , alshi , 5 km sw alshi . holotype : vpc . male .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nas part our commitment to scholarly and academic excellence , all articles receive editorial review .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nsamsung galaxy tab ( 7 . 0 , 3g ) - quick guide ( orange ) _ 0 . 74 mb , pdf , italian ( swiss )\nsamsung galaxy tab ( 7 . 0 , 3g ) - user manual ( ( for swiss ) ) _ 1 . 85 mb , pdf , italian ( orange )\nyou have already flagged this document . thank you , for helping us keep this platform clean . the editors will have a look at it as soon as possible .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\naculeata razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 171 tl : ecuador , chimborazo province , huigra . holotype : bmnh . male .\naeraria razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 170 tl : peru , cuzco mountains . holotype : bmnh . male .\nanaxia clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 32 . tl : guatemala , volcn santa mara . holotype : usnm . female .\ncinigmula razowski & becker , 1986 ( lasiothyris ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 462 tl : mexico , veracruz , estacin biologica las tuxtlas . holotype : mnrj . female .\ncordifera meyrick , 1932 ( phtheochroa ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 267 . tl : bolivia , ro songo . holotype : nhmv . unknown .\ndelicatulana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 137 . tl : colombia , bogot . holotype : bmnh . male .\ndeliphrobursa razowski , 1992 ( phalonidia ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 97 . tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , monteverde . holotype : eme . female .\ndomna clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 34 . tl : colombia , nario , volcn galeras . holotype : usnm . male .\nfrangula clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 30 . tl : venezuela , aragua , rancho grande . holotype : usnm . female .\nlacteipalpis walsingham , 1891 ( conchylis ) , proc . zool . soc . london 1891 : 500 . tl : west indies , st . vincent ( westward side ) . holotype : bmnh . male .\nlactaipalpis razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 175 no type\nlassa razowski , 1986 ( aethes ) , ann . zool . 40 : 390 . tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . female .\nnephelodes clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 27 . tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca , tropical cloud area . holotype : usnm . male .\nnomonana kearfott , 1907 ( phalonia ) , can . ent . 39 : 84 . tl : usa , california , carmel . holotype : amnh . male .\nvoluntaria meyrick , 1912 ( phalonia ) , ent . mon . mag . 48 : 35 no type\nparvimaculana walsingham , 1879 ( cochylis ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 30 . tl : usa , california , shasta co . , hatchet creek . holotype : bmnh . male .\npenai clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 28 . tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca , tropical cloud area . holotype : usnm . female .\npraefasciata meyrick , 1932 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 266 . tl : costa rica , irazu . holotype : nhmv . male .\npruinosana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 129 . tl : colombia , bogot . syntypes : bmnh . male , female .\nsaxicolana walsingham , 1879 ( cochylis ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 29 . tl : usa , south oregon . lectotype : bmnh . male .\nsphragidias meyrick , 1932 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 265 . tl : bolivia , andes . holotype : nhmv . female .\nsubstructa meyrick , 1927 ( phtheochroa ) , exotic microlepid . 3 : 367 . tl : colombia , mt . tolima . holotype : bmnh . female .\nunless noted , all images on these pages are copyright \u00a9 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .\nthe words on encyclo are taken from more than 1 , 000 online wordlists , written by a variety of groups working together to find definitions and keep the lists up to date . in the wordlists you can find meanings and definitions from a number of areas of interest including local authorities , businesses , organisations , charities , social network sites , commercial websites and even private lists made by people as a hobby or to ensure older words no longer in everyday use are not forgotten .\nmany of the saved wordlists which are in the unusual or specialised word lists have been changed or removed as businesses have closed or re - organised in the last eight years and can no longer be found on the internet . these lists of words , definitions and meanings have been saved in our archive and are still available in the search results .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need .\n* walsingham , 1914 , biol . centr . - am . lepid . heterocera 4 : 296 * brown , john w . , 2005 , world catalogue of insects 5 * razowski , j\u00f3zef & janusz wojtusiak , 2008 : tortricidae from the mountains of ecuador . part iii . western cordillera ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . genus 19 ( 3 ) : 497 - 575 . full article : [ 1 ] * razowski , j\u00f3zef & janusz wojtusiak , 2009 : tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from the mountains of ecuador and remarks on their geographical distribution . part iv . eastern cordillera . acta zoologica cracoviensia 51b ( 1 - 2 ) : 119 - 187 . doi : 10 . 3409 / azc . 52b _ 1 - 2 . 119 - 187 . full article : [ 2 ] ."]}
{"id": 1148, "summary": [{"text": "eatoniopsis is a genus of minute sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family cingulopsidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species has been declared a synonym of the genus skenella in the family cingulopsidae . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "eatoniopsis", "paragraphs": ["worms - world register of marine species - eatoniopsis paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 )\neatoniopsis thiele , j . , 1912 type species : skenella paludinoides smith , e . a . , 1902\nspecies eatoniopsis edwardiensis ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) accepted as skenella edwardiensis ( r . b . watson , 1886 )\nspecies eatoniopsis paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 ) accepted as skenella paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 )\n( of eatoniopsis ( pilitonia ) ponder & yoo , 1981 ) ponder w . f . & yoo e . k . ( 1981 [\n1980\n] ) . a review of the genera of cingulopsidae with a revision of the australian and tropical indo - pacific species ( mollusca : gastropoda : prosobranchia ) . records of the australian museum . 33 : 1 - 88 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n\u00bb species skenella ( skenella ) edwardiensis ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) represented as skenella edwardiensis ( r . b . watson , 1886 )\n\u00bb species skenella ( skenella ) paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 ) represented as skenella paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 )\n\u00bb species skenella ( skenella ) sinapi ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) represented as skenella sinapi ( r . b . watson , 1886 )\nponder w . f . ( 1983 ) rissoaform gastropods from the antarctic and sub - antarctic . the eatoniellidae , rissoidae , barleeidae , cingulopsidae , orbitestellidae and rissoellidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) of signy island , south orkney islands , with a review of the antarctic and sub - antarctic ( excluding southern south america and the new zealand sub - antarctic islands ) species . british antarctic survey , scientific reports 108 : 1 - 96 . [ details ]\nponder w . f . & yoo e . k . ( 1981 [\n1980\n] ) . a review of the genera of cingulopsidae with a revision of the australian and tropical indo - pacific species ( mollusca : gastropoda : prosobranchia ) . records of the australian museum . 33 : 1 - 88 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nthiele , j . 1913 . die antarktischen schnecken und muscheln . deutsche s\u00fcdpolar expedition 1901 - 1903 13 : 183 - 285 . [ details ]\ndescription : shell minute , moderately tall spired , spire outline straight . protoconch of 1\u00bd whorls , teleoconch up to about 2\u00be weakly convex whorls . surface glossy , smooth apart from weak growth lines and spiral scratches . aperture elongate - ovate , outer lip prosocline . inner lip thin over parietal wall , thicker below . columella with weak , broad bulge deep within aperture ( fig . 2 ) . umbilicus closed , umbilical chink present . colour brown .\ndistribution : endemic to australia . north stradbroke island , queensland , southwards to eastern victoria and tasmania .\nhabitat : on algae , stones and debris in the mid - to lower littoral and sublittoral ( ponder & yoo , 1980 ) . common , often abundant .\ncomparison : this is similar to e . voorwindei in having a bulge on the columella , but differs in having a umbilicus closed .\nfigs . 1 , 2 : green cape , nsw ( c . 354174 )\ndescription : shell minute , moderately short spired , spire outline almost straight . protoconch of 1\u00bd whorls , teleoconch of about 3 convex whorls . surface smooth apart from weak growth lines and spiral scratches . aperture elongate - ovate , outer lip orthocline ( broken in figure ) . inner lip thin over parietal wall , thicker below . columella with distinct bulge deep within aperture ( fig . 2 ) . umbilicus narrow , partly hidden by inner lip of aperture . colour brown .\ndistribution : endemic to australia . port stephens , nsw , southwards to bass strait .\nhabitat : lives on algae in the lower littoral and sublittoral ( ponder & yoo , 1980 ) . uncommon .\ncomparison : this species is distinguished within the group in nsw by having the umbilicus narrowly open accompanied by a bulge on the columella .\nfigs . 1 , 2 : green cape , nsw ( c . 106215 )\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 02c37e04 - 9489 - 4ce6 - ab86 - 7b60200287ce\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 31d90fa7 - 1a33 - 46a3 - a603 - e4c1eca2dd77\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 522694\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\neatonina thiele , j . , 1912 type species : eatonina ( eatonina ) pusilla thiele , j . , 1912\neatonina ( eatonina ) thiele , j . , 1912 type species : eatonina ( eatonina ) atomaria powell , a . w . b . , 1933\neatonina ( captitonia ) ponder , w . f . & e . k . yoo , 1980 type species : antimitra lirata adams , a . , 1865\neatonina ( otatara ) ponder , w . f . , 1965 type species : eatonina ( otatara ) subflavescens iredale , t . , 1915\npseudopisinna ponder , w . f . & e . k . yoo , 1980 type species : pseudopisinna gregaria gregaria laseron , c . f . , 1950\nskenella pfeffer , g . in martens , e . c . von & g . pfeffer , 1886 type species : skenella georgiana pfeffer , g . in martens , e . c . von & g . pfeffer , 1886\nskenella ( skenella ) pfeffer , g . in martens , e . c . von & g . pfeffer , 1886 type species : skenella georgiana pfeffer , g . in martens , e . c . von & g . pfeffer , 1886\nskenella ( pilitonia ) ponder , w . f . & e . k . yoo , 1980 type species : skenella ( pilitonia ) westralis ponder , w . f . & e . k . yoo , 1980\nskenella ( rufodardanula ) ponder , w . f . , 1965 type species : paracuneus spadix watson , r . b . , 1886\ncoriandria tomlin , j . r . le b . , 1917 type species : eatonina cossurae calcara , p . , 1841\nmicrosetia monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1884 type species : eatonina cossurae calcara , p . , 1841\ntubbreva ponder , w . f . , 1965 type species : tubbreva exigua ponder , w . f . , 1965"]}
{"id": 1158, "summary": [{"text": "stictea is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily olethreutinae of the family tortricidae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "delimitation of this genus versus strepsicrates is not fully resolved , and some species now listed here were formerly placed there . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "stictea", "paragraphs": ["stictea mygindiana ( = olethreutes mygindiana ) cowberry marble - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nby t . m . gilligan 1 , j . baixeras 2 , j . w . brown 3 , and k . r . tuck 4\nurltoken is pleased to offer the complete world catalogue of the tortricidae ( t @ rts ) ! this is a complete list of all world species , utilizing the world catalogue published in 2005 as the foundation for the database . version 3 . 0 of the online catalogue contains 15 , 099 records representing 10 , 883 species . more than 1 , 600 records have been updated from ver 2 . 0 ( jul , 2012 ) , and more than 3 , 000 records have been updated from the original catalogue . the database is completely searchable and contains photos of over 1 , 200 type specimens .\nt @ rts will be updated regularly both with corrections from the original world catalogue and with additions since its publication . as such , these pages will serve as the most up to date information on current tortricid nomenclature . if you find any errors in the data presented here or have any questions / comments , please use the contact form to send the authors an email .\nwe are indebted to all of the original authors of the world catalogue ( j . w . brown , j . baixeras , r . brown , m . horak , f . komai , e . metzler , j . razowski , and k . tuck ) for providing the basis for this project . we would also like to thank the dozens of individuals who have provided corrections or updates to the database since it was first placed online in 2007 .\ngilligan , t . m . , j . baixeras , j . w . brown & k . r . tuck . 2014 . t @ rts : online world catalogue of the tortricidae ( ver . 3 . 0 ) . urltoken\n1 colorado state university , bioagricultural sciences and pest management , 1177 campus delivery , fort collins , co 80523 , usa 2 institut cavanilles de biodiversitat i biologia evolutiva , universitat de valencia , apartat oficial 2085 , 46071 valencia , spain 3 systematic entomology laboratory - usda [ retired ] , smithsonian institution , p . o . box 37012 , national museum of natural history , washington , dc 20013 , usa 4 curator - microlepidoptera [ retired ] , entomology department ( dc2 - 2n ) , natural history museum , cromwell road , london sw7 5bd , uk\nunless noted , all images on these pages are copyright \u00a9 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .\na species of heathland and moorland , this attractive moth flies during the afternoon and early evening .\nit can be found on the wing during may and june . it is a species of northern britain , occurring from staffordshire northwards to scotland and into ireland .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 16 11 : 01 : 25 page render time : 0 . 2581s total w / procache : 0 . 3006s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nat cawston ? in barrett ' s 1873 norfolk list . barrett notes\ni have had no opportunity of identifying this species\n.\nrecorded in 1 ( 1 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 1874 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en\nurltoken\nnotes : nationally scarce ( nb ) on heathland and moorland throughout much of northern england , scotland and western ireland . not recorded in hampshire or on the isle of wight to date . wingspan 15 - 20 mm . differs from o . arbutella by its larger size and the characteristic purplish brown coloration of the forewing , which in o . arbutella is purplish red , and by the generally more broadly fasciate markings ; in o . mygindiana the head is dark grey but in o . arbutella it is purplish red or ferruginous ; the male may be readily distinguished from both sexes of o . arbutella by its light grey hindwing [ bradley ] . larva feeds on cowberry , bearberry and bog - myrtle , living between shoots spun together with silk .\nplease note that the nbn gateway map service has been terminated as of 1 april 2017 .\nas soon as a replacement map service is available , distribution maps will hopefully appear here again .\nin the meantime , you can get some idea of distribution from the nbn atlas website .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 22 14 : 41 : 12 page render time : 0 . 3244s total w / procache : 0 . 3800s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 1161, "summary": [{"text": "scopula variabilis is a moth of the family geometridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in angola , cameroon , the democratic republic of congo , kenya and uganda . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "scopula variabilis", "paragraphs": ["entom . streaked wave [ scopula virgulata , syn . : acidalia strigaria , a . virgata , a . virgularia , a . virgulata , scopula strigaria ] [ moth ]\nzool . striped snail [ cernuella virgata , syn . : c . variabilis , helicella virgata , helix variabilis , h . virgata , theba virgata , trochus virgatus ]\nzool . vineyard snail [ cernuella virgata , syn . : c . variabilis , helicella virgata , helix variabilis , h . virgata , theba virgata , trochus virgatus ]\nzool . maritime gardensnail / garden snail [ cernuella virgata , syn . : c . variabilis , helicella virgata , helix variabilis , h . virgata , theba virgata , trochus virgatus ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nrothschild w . & jordan k . 1903 . a revision of the lepidopterous family sphingidae . - novitates zoologicae 9 ( supplement ) : i\u2013cxxxv , 1\u2013972 , pls . 1\u201367 .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !\nif you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .\nplease consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nentom . striped mealybug [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]\norn . striped laughingthrush / laughing - thrush [ garrulax virgatus , syn . : strophocincla virgata , trochalopteron virgatum ]\nentom . gray mealybug [ am . ] [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]\nentom . grey mealybug [ br . ] [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]\nentom . spotted mealybug [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]\nentom . tailed coffee mealybug [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]\nentom . white - tailed mealybug [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]\nentom . marsh oblique - barred [ hypenodes humidalis , also h . turfosalis ] [ moth ]\nentom . oblique carpet [ orthonama vittata , syn . : orthonama lignata ] [ moth ]\nbot . delicate stonewort [ chara virgata , syn . : c . delicatula , c . fragilis delicatula , c . fragilis var . virgata , c . pilifera , c . trichodes ]\nentom . striped lychnis [ shargacucullia lychnitis , syn . : cucullia lychnitis ] [ moth ]\nbot . leafy spurge [ euphorbia virgata , syn . : e . waldsteinii ]\nunter folgender adresse kannst du auf diese \u00fcbersetzung verlinken : urltoken tipps : doppelklick neben begriff = r\u00fcck - \u00fcbersetzung \u2014 neue w\u00f6rterbuch - abfrage : einfach jetzt tippen ! suchzeit : 0 . 054 sek .\n) , m\u00f6glichst mit einem guten beleg im kommentarfeld . wichtig : bitte hilf auch bei der\nlimited input mode - mehr als 1000 ungepr\u00fcfte \u00fcbersetzungen ! du kannst trotzdem eine neue \u00fcbersetzung vorschlagen , wenn du dich einloggst und andere vorschl\u00e4ge im contribute - bereich \u00fcberpr\u00fcfst . pro review kannst du dort einen neuen w\u00f6rterbuch - eintrag eingeben ( bis zu einem limit von 500 unverifizierten eintr\u00e4gen pro benutzer ) .\ndieses deutsch - englisch - w\u00f6rterbuch basiert auf der idee der freien weitergabe von wissen . mehr informationen ! enth\u00e4lt \u00fcbersetzungen von der tu chemnitz sowie aus mr honey ' s business dictionary ( englisch / deutsch ) . vielen dank daf\u00fcr ! links auf dieses w\u00f6rterbuch oder einzelne \u00fcbersetzungen sind herzlich willkommen ! fragen und antworten\npowered by naturemapr | canberra nature map operates under creative commons attribution 3 . 0 australia | privacy"]}
{"id": 1175, "summary": [{"text": "bathycongrus polyporus is an eel in the family congridae ( conger/garden eels ) .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "it was described by david g. smith and robert h. kanazawa in 1977 , originally under the genus rhechias .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is a marine , deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the straits of florida and the northern coast of cuba , in the western central atlantic ocean .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "it dwells at a depth range of 439-549 metres .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "males can reach a maximum total length of 43 centimetres .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "the species epithet \" polyporus \" means \" many pored \" in ancient greek , and refers to the large quantity of pores in the eel 's lateralis system . ", "topic": 25}], "title": "bathycongrus polyporus", "paragraphs": ["bathycongrus macrurus ( c . h . gilbert , 1891 ) ( shorthead conger )\nbathycongrus bullisi ( d . g . smith & kanazawa , 1977 ) ( bullish conger )\nbathycongrus retrotinctus ( d . s . jordan & snyder , 1901 ) ( blackedge conger )\njennifer hammock chose to hide data on\nbathycongrus bullisi ( smith & kanazawa , 1977 )\n.\nkarmovskaya , e . s . ( 2011 ) : new species of the genus bathycongrus\u2014b . parviporus ( congridae , anguilliformes ) \u2014from waters of central vietnam ( nha trang and van phong bays ) . journal of ichthyology , 51 ( 6 ) : 417\u2013425 .\ngreek , bathys = deep + latin , conger = conger ( ref . 45335 )\nmarine ; bathydemersal ; depth range 439 - 549 m ( ref . 40828 ) . deep - water\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 43 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 40828 )\nthis is the only species with 3 supratemporal pores . head length is less than that of other species , and the mouth is more nearly terminal .\nsmith , d . g . , 1994 . catalog of type specimens of recent fishes in the national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution , 6 : anguilliformes , saccopharyngiformes , and notacanthiformes ( teleostei : elopomorpha ) . smithson . contrib . 566 : 50 p . ( ref . 40789 )\n) : 8 . 3 - 11 . 5 , mean 9 . 9 ( based on 9 cells ) .\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00063 ( 0 . 00028 - 0 . 00142 ) , b = 3 . 18 ( 2 . 99 - 3 . 37 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 8 \u00b10 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives\nresilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 36 of 100 ) .\n: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\n: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nb\u00f6hlke , e . b . , j . e . b\u00f6hlke , m . m . leiby , j . e . mccosker , et al . / b\u00f6hlke , eugenia b . , ed .\nfishes of the western north atlantic , no . 1 , pt . 9 , vol . 1\nspecial publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 7 / 9 / 2015 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .\neschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of rhechias jordan , 1921 ) eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of pseudoxenomystax breder , 1927 ) eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nfroese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of pseudoxenomystax breder , 1927 ) nomenclator zoologicus online . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of congrina jordan & hubbs , 1925 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of uranoconger fowler , 1934 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of rhechias jordan , 1921 ) gulf of maine biogeographic information system ( gmbis ) electronic atlas . 2002 . november , 2002 . [ details ]\n( of rhechias jordan , 1921 ) nomenclator zoologicus online . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\n( of rhechias jordan , 1921 ) king , c . m . ; roberts , c . d . ; bell , b . d . ; fordyce , r . e . ; nicoll , r . s . ; worthy , t . h . ; paulin , c . d . ; hitchmough , r . a . ; keyes , i . w . ; baker , a . n . ; stewart , a . l . ; hiller , n . ; mcdowall , r . m . ; holdaway , r . n . ; mcphee , r . p . ; schwarzhans , w . w . ; tennyson , a . j . d . ; rust , s . ; macadie , i . ( 2009 ) . phylum chordata : lancelets , fishes , amphibians , reptiles , birds , mammals , in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2009 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 1 . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . pp . 431 - 554 . [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / softquad software / / dtd hotmetal pro 6 . 0 : : 19990601 : : extensions to html 4 . 0 / / en\nhmpro6 . dtd\n\u0086 parbatmya brazosensis ( frizzell & j . h . dante , 1965 ) eocen\nthe taxonomic information and the basic database has been provided by ; e - mail : igor sheremetyev ; this is a conversion from a database dump , and there are probably many odd things as result of automatic conversion .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .\n, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .\n, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .\ncfm script by eagbayani , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by cmilitante , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by cmilitante , 14 / 03 / 2013"]}
{"id": 1176, "summary": [{"text": "pilina solarium is an extinct species of a paleozoic silurian monoplacophoran .", "topic": 17}, {"text": "it was first named as palaeacmaea solarium and described by gustaf lindstr\u00f6m from silurian of gotland in sweden in 1884 . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "pilina solarium", "paragraphs": ["communicated to the r . swedish academy of sciences , june 8th 1881 and april 9th 1884 .\nindex to the generic names applied to the gastropoda of palaeozoic period\n: p . 199 - 205 includes index extracted picklist\nthere are no reviews yet . be the first one to write a review .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwe ' ve sent an email to please follow the instructions to reset your password .\nenter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .\nif is associated with an alamy account you ' ll receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\ntake a virtual tour of 15 craigside ! to schedule a live tour , click here .\nevi , an amazon company , was founded in 2005 under the name true knowledge . the team started out with a mission to make it possible to access the world ' s knowledge simply by asking for information using natural language .\nwe\u2019re part of the amazon alexa team based in amazon ' s innovative cambridge development centre , alongside other amazon teams including prime air , core machine learning , amazon devices and amazon web services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\njavascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .\nreefs are organic structures that largely vary in size , form , and composition with local conditions in space and time . these structures are generally formed in shallow water . this shallow water can lie off a gradually sloping shore , around or over an oceanic island or submerged island , or over a more or less level shelf . this chapter describes reefs , their typological , geographical , and stratigraphical distribution along with organic and lithological composition . the subsequent growth of reefs depends upon a multitude of factors , including stability , disposition and form of the original substratum , relative movements of sea level , suitability of local climatic conditions , composition , ventilation and degree of turbidity of the surrounding waters , and degree of exposure to wave and current action , size , and force of local waves . some of the reefs in the h\u00f6gklint beds of gotland exhibit the shape of an inverted cone with a curved and widely extended base , while others are developed over wide parts of the sea bottom , showing a lateral extension of up to 1 . 5 - 2 km . the extended h\u00f6gklint reefs are more of a biohermal than a biostromal type of development .\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect \u00ae is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nwe\u2019re sorry , some parts of the airbnb website don\u2019t work properly without javascript enabled ."]}
{"id": 1192, "summary": [{"text": "prorasea simalis is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by grote in 1878 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from alberta , california , colorado , nevada and oregon .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 22 mm for males and 26-29 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are variable in colour , ranging from ochereous to fuscous or blackish .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "there are indistinct oblique lines on the forewings , flecked with white .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the median lines are dark , the subterminal area is fuscous or ochereous and the subterminal shade is white .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are smoky fuscous , but paler at the base .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from march to august . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "prorasea simalis", "paragraphs": ["photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nadults are most common from june to august , earlier beginning flight times in california .\ngrote , a . r . 1878 . bulletin of the united states geological and geographical survey of the territories , 4 : 670 .\nan annotated list of the lepidoptera of alberta , canada gregory r . pohl , gary g . anweiler , b . christian schmidt , norbert g . kondla . 2010 . zookeys 38 : 1\u2013549 .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 19 june , 2013 - 3 : 41pm last updated 23 october , 2013 - 4 : 53pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\ncontributed by robert a . martin on 19 june , 2013 - 3 : 31pm last updated 19 june , 2013 - 4 : 34pm\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\nwe do not yet have descriptive information on this species . please try the buttons above to search for information from other sources .\n. you can download select species by searching or when you ' re on a taxa page like class , order , and family .\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\npoole , r . w . , and p . gentili ( eds . ) . 1996 . nomina insecta nearctica : a checklist of the insects of north america . volume 3 ( diptera , lepidoptera , siphonaptera ) . entomological information services , rockville , md .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\nall documents and related graphics provided by this server and any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server are provided\nas is\nwithout warranty as to the currentness , completeness , or accuracy of any specific data . natureserve hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to any documents provided by this server or any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server , including but not limited to all implied warranties and conditions of merchantibility , fitness for a particular purpose , and non - infringement . natureserve makes no representations about the suitability of the information delivered from this server or any other documents that are referenced to or linked to this server . in no event shall natureserve be liable for any special , indirect , incidental , consequential damages , or for damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information contained in any documents provided by this server or in any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server , under any theory of liability used . natureserve may update or make changes to the documents provided by this server at any time without notice ; however , natureserve makes no commitment to update the information contained herein . since the data in the central databases are continually being updated , it is advisable to refresh data retrieved at least once a year after its receipt . the data provided is for planning , assessment , and informational purposes . site specific projects or activities should be reviewed for potential environmental impacts with appropriate regulatory agencies . if ground - disturbing activities are proposed on a site , the appropriate state natural heritage program ( s ) or conservation data center can be contacted for a site - specific review of the project area ( see visit local programs ) .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on image to enlarge ."]}
{"id": 1198, "summary": [{"text": "henicopsaltria is a genus of cicada in the cryptotympanini tribe of the cicadinae subfamily .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "four species have been described .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "the razorgrinder ( henicopsaltria eydouxii ) is the type species . ", "topic": 29}], "title": "henicopsaltria", "paragraphs": ["no one has contributed data records for henicopsaltria yet . learn how to contribute .\ndoctype html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis page contains pictures and information about razor grinder cicadas that we found in the brisbane area , queensland , australia .\nwe found a lot of them in mt cotton during mid summer 2005 . they rested at the lower part of the tall trunk , about 1 . 5 meters to 3 meters from ground . they like to rest on the vary large gum tree trunk . when disturbed , they made some alert sound while flying away to another tree trunk .\nlarge number of them were found singing on the same tree trunk . they produced very loud sound resemble metal grinding . the sound pitch rises a few second follows by a quick drop then repeated . those loud songs were quite painful to ear when standing under the trees .\nthe cicadas are dark brown to reddish brown in colour . there are dark zigzag patterns on front wings veins . the veins near wing edges are also dark in colour . the bottom side of abdomen is orange and dark brown in colours . males and females look similar .\nthey like to rest on very large tree trunks , especially smooth bark tree trunks .\nwe found one on the floor which is slow moving . when disturbed , it turned around and played dead .\nforest need summit street around tingalpa reservoir on mid summer jan 2009 . a number of them can be found singing on large gum tree trunks .\nin tamborine mountain appears in vast numbers at intervals of seven years . we did not found it is periodical unless this is happen in a small local area . we need more observations to confirm this .\n- m . s . moulds australian museum , sydney , n . s . w . 2000 .\n- moulds ms ( 1990 ) . new south wales university press , nsw . australia .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 44365705 - 1036 - 4115 - ac90 - 82fdade307ba\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 4c6ca33a - f0c8 - 4645 - 8726 - c879d110a653\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : bcc8e21b - 3122 - 4550 - 8729 - 5a56903d3528\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e3dbfcc8 - 9f05 - 4910 - 979f - 4d976f42486b\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 82bc6a82 - 3985 - 43e3 - ab68 - 434141342c1c\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 434117\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nfor full functionality of this site it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .\nthe scientific data on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution 3 . 0 unported license ."]}
{"id": 1204, "summary": [{"text": "pyrausta aurea is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by hampson in 1913 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found from nevada , southern arizona , southern texas and mexico south at least to costa rica .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 18 mm for males and 20 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are orange with a faint oblique antemedial line on the forewings .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from june to august . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "pyrausta aurea", "paragraphs": ["pachyzancla aurea hampson , 1913 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 11 ( 66 ) : 515 ( ? preocc . pyrausta aurea butler , 1875 ) ; tl : presidio , mexico\npyrausta aurea butler , 1875 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 16 ( 96 ) : 414 ; tl : natal\nthere is confusion as to the author of pyrausta aurea : several internet sites give hampson ( 1913 ) as the author ( originally placed in genus pachyzancla ) , apparently based on specimens from mexico , while 3 or 4 sites give butler ( 1875 ) as the author , apparently based on specimens from africa . gbif lists both authors separately , and gives each name the status of\nprovisionally accepted name .\npyrausta tithonialis ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 177\npyrausta cajelalis holland , 1900 ; novit . zool . 7 ( 3 ) : 590 ; tl : buru\npyrausta perlelegans hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 256 ; tl : colombia ; peru\npyrausta lithosialis hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 263 ; tl : natal , northdene\npyrausta tetraplagalis hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 268 ; tl : mashonaland , salisbury\npyrausta ( pyraustinae ) ; hampson , 1899 , proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 252 ; [ globiz ]\npyrausta phaeophoenica hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 268 ; tl : brazil , castro para\u00f1a\npyrausta subsequalis subsequalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 122 , pl . 5 , f . 18 , 22\npyrausta perrubralis perrubralis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 129 , pl . 9 , f . 49 - 51\npyrausta scurralis scurralis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 130 , pl . 9 , f . 59 - 63\npyrausta unifascialis unifascialis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 134 , pl . 9 , f . 73 - 80\npyrausta trizonalis hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 267 ; tl : mexico , cordoba , orizaba\npyrausta pyrocausta hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 264 ; tl : brazil , s\u00e3o paulo ; para\u00f1a\npyrausta nubigena rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 189 ; tl : algeria , guelt - es - stel\npyrausta cajelalis fortioralis rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 227 ; tl : manusela , central ceram , 650m\npyrausta arenicola hampson , 1913 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 12 ( 67 ) : 28 ; tl : algeria\npyrausta coccinea warren , 1892 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 9 ( 50 ) : 176 ; tl : california\npyrausta borealis packard , [ 1867 ] ; proc . boston soc . nat . hist . 11 : 53 ; tl : square island , labrador\n= pyrausta unifascialis subolivalis ( packard , 1873 ) ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 133 ; [ nacl ] , # 5068a\npyrausta obtusanalis druce , 1899 ; biol . centr . - amer . ins . lep . het . 3 : pl . 100 , f . 12\npyrausta ploimalis dyar , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2050 ) : 284 ; tl : trinidad r .\npyrausta flavibrunnea hampson , 1913 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 12 ( 67 ) : 32 ; tl : cuernavaca , mexico\npyrausta subsequalis plagalis haimbach , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 6 ) : 263 ; tl : miller ' s canyon , huachuca mts . , arizona\npyrausta unifascialis arizonensis munroe , 1957 ; can . ent . 89 : 93 , f . 5 ; tl : wildcat creek , white mts . , arizona\npyrausta perrubralis saanichalis munroe , 1951 ; can . ent . 83 : 166 , pl . 1 , f . 5 ; tl : ; duncan , british columbia\npyrausta perrubralis saanichalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 129 , pl . 9 , f . 55 - 56 ; [ nacl ] , # 5064a\npyrausta unifascialis subolivalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 133 , pl . 9 , f . 66 - 72 ; [ nacl ] , # 5068a\npyrausta unifascialis rindgei ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 134 , pl . 9 , f . 81 - 82 ; [ nacl ] , # 5068b\npyrausta unifascialis arizonensis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 134 , pl . 9 , f . 83 - 84 ; [ nacl ] , # 5068c\npyrausta scurralis awemealis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 130 , pl . 9 , f . 64 - 65 ; tl : aweme , manitoba\npyrausta californicalis californicalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 113 , pl . 6 , f . 16 , 19 - 223 , pl . t , f . 3\npyrausta perrubralis shastanalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 129 , pl . 9 , f . 52 - 54 ; tl : mt . shasta , california\npyrausta unifascialis rindgei munroe , 1957 ; can . ent . 89 : 93 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : rancho la sierra , near arlington , riverside co . , california\npyrausta shirleyae munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 102 , pl . u , f . 1 - 2 , 5 - 7 ; tl : pensacola , florida\npyrausta retidiscalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 126 , pl . t , f . 7 ; tl : the basin , big bend national park , texas\npyrausta andrei munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 127 , pl . t , f . 8 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , texas\npyrausta socialis perpallidalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 141 , pl . 9 , f . 35 - 36 ; tl : kusshi canyon , yakima co . , washington\npyrausta californicalis sierranalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 114 , pl . 6 , f . 17 - 18 ; tl : mineral spr . , tulare co . , california\npyrausta subgenerosa munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 118 , pl . k , f . 2 ; tl : chipmunk flat , near sonora pass , tuolumme co . , california\npyrausta fodinalis monticola munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 139 , pl . 9 , f . 30 - 32 ; tl : mt . shasta , siskiyou co . , california\npyrausta corinthalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1914 ; contr . nat . hist . lep . n . am . 2 ( 6 ) : 243 , pl . 1 , f . 27 ; tl : palmerlee , arizona\npyrausta pythialis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 164 , pl . 23 , f . 7 ; tl : cartwright , manitoba\npyrausta inveterascalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 165 , pl . 23 , f . 6 ; tl : new brighton , pennsylvania\npyrausta tuolumnalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 165 , pl . 23 , f . 11 ; tl : tuolumme meadows , california\npyrausta socialis socialis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 140 , pl . 9 , f . 33 - 34 , 37 , pl . k , f . 6 , pl . t , f . 10\npyrausta arizonensis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 131 , pl . 9 , f . 57 - 58 ( preocc . munroe , 1957 ) ; tl : prescott , yavapai co . , arizona\npyrausta sartoralis barnes & mcdunnough , 1914 ; contr . nat . hist . lep . n . am . 2 ( 6 ) : 242 , pl . 1 , f . 26 ; tl : loma linda , san bernardino co . , california\npyrausta roseivestalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 94 , pl . 8 , f . 41 , pl . j , f . 3 , l . s , f . 5 ; tl : vidal , california\npyrausta zonalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 164 , pl . 24 , f . 10 ; tl : palm sprs . , riverside co . , california\npyrausta ochreicostalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 163 , pl . 23 , f . 8 ; tl : palm sprt . , riverside co . , california\npyrausta pilatealis barnes & mcdunnough , 1914 ; contr . nat . hist . lep . n . am . 2 ( 6 ) : 242 , pl . 1 , f . 25 ; tl : loma linda , san bernardino co . , california\npyrausta subsequalis borealis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 122 , pl . 5 , f . 19 - 21 , 23 - 25 , pl . 9 , f . 13 - 14 , 17 ; [ nacl ] , # 5060a\npyrausta pseudonythesalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 105 , pl . 6 , f . 28 - 29 , pl . j , f . 5 , pl . s , f . 7 ; tl : vidal , california\npyrausta pseuderosnealis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 114 , pl . 8 , f . 9 - 13 , pl . j , f . 8 , pl . t , f . 4 ; tl : georgetown , texas\npyrausta subsequalis plagalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 123 , pl . 9 , f . 4 - 6 , 10 - 12 , 15 - 16 , 18 , pl . k , f . 3 ; [ nacl ] , # 5060b\npyrausta subsequalis petaluma munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 123 , pl . 9 , f . 1 - 3 , 7 - 9 , pl . t , f . 5 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\npyrausta fodinalis septenrionicola munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 139 , pl . 9 , f . 27 - 29 , pl . k , f . 5 , pl . t , f . 9 ; tl : scandia , alberta\npyrausta klotsi munroe , 1976 ; : : mna13 . 2 : 108 , pl . 6 , f . 32 - 33 , pl . j , f . 7 , pl . t , f . 1 ; tl : ramsey canyon , huachuca mts . , arizona\npyrausta antisocialis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 141 , pl . 9 , f . 38 - 39 , pl . k , f . 7 , pl . t , f . 11 ; tl : mcgaffey , zu\u00f1i mts . , mckinley co . , new mexico , 7500 '\nnew york - to ( arizona , texas ) , tropical america . see [ maps ]\nfrom ( washington - montana ) - to ( california - texas ) . see [ maps ]\nwashington - california , w . arizona , n . mexico . see [ maps ]\nparaedis napaealis hulst , 1886 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 13 : 145 ; tl : california\nloxostege linealis fernald , 1894 ; insect life 6 : 255 ; tl : argus mts . , california\ncalifornia ( mojave desert , los angeles ) - s . nevada , s . arizona - texas ( big bend ) . see [ maps ]\nbotis lethalis grote , 1881 ; can . ent . 13 ( 2 ) : 33 ; tl : [ havilah ] , california\ntexas , colorado , arizona - mexico ( chiapas ) . see [ maps ]\nbotis volupialis grote , 1877 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 3 ( app . ) : 799 ; tl : hills w of denver , colorado\nwashington ( yakima co . ) , california - texas , nevada ( clark co . ) , mexico . see [ maps ]\nmetasia morenalis dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 58 ; tl : grapevine , california\nbotis atropurpuralis grote , 1877 ; can . ent . 9 ( 6 ) : 104 ; tl : texas , belfrage\nfrom ( quebec - british columbia ) - utah , colorado , nevada , california . see [ maps ]\nwashington , california , utah , colorado , wyoming , arizona . see [ maps ]\nbotis augustalis grote , 1881 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 6 ( 2 ) : 273 ( preocc . felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) ; tl : colorado\nfrom ( british columbia - ontario ) - to ( north carolina , south carolina , texas , arizona ) . see [ maps ]\nbotys ( rhodaria ) vinulenta grote & robinson , 1867 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 1 : 17 ( ? repl . rhodaria signatalis walker , [ 1866 ] ) ; tl : north america\nw . pennsylvania - s . ontario , illinois , missouri . see [ maps ]\nsyllythria rosa druce , 1895 ; biol . centr . - amer . ins . lep . het . 3 : pl . 60 , f . 19\nnova scotia - michigan - to ( florida - texas ) . see [ maps ]\nendotricha julialis walker , 1859 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 17 : 389 ( part )\nbotys augustalis felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 134 , f . 26\npachyzancla xanthomela hampson , 1913 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 11 ( 66 ) : 515 ; tl : purulha , guatemala\nflorida - na . georgia , iowa , kansas , oklahoma , texas . see [ maps ]\nbotys onythesalis walker , 1859 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 18 : 734\ncalifornia , nevada , arizona , new mexico , texas . see [ maps ]\nsouth carolina - florida , west indies , ca , sa . see [ maps ]\nrhodaria insignitalis guen\u00e9e , 1854 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . g\u00e9n . l\u00e9pid . 8 : 173 ; tl : [ rio maroni ] , cayenne\nbotis flavofascialis grote , 1882 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 6 ( 3 ) : 577 ; tl : new mexico\nflorida - south carolina , louisiana , e . texas . see [ maps ]\nna . georgia - florida , west indies , tropical , queensland . see [ maps ]\nlarva on hyptis capitata , dicerandra frutescens smedley , mccormick & eisner , 1990 , j . lep . soc . 44 ( 3 ) : 156\nbotys californicalis packard , 1873 ; ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 : 260 ; tl : california\nlarva on mentha sp . , ( california ) [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 114\ntexas , florida , louisiana , arkansas , missouri , illinois , oklahoma , mexico . see [ maps ]\nbotis dapalis grote , 1881 ; can . ent . 13 ( 1 ) : 17 ; tl : california\n712x659 ( ~ 89kb ) russia , moscow area ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , 8 . 8 . 2009 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n827x557 ( ~ 97kb ) russia , moscow area , 26 . 7 . 2010 ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n980x598 ( ~ 109kb ) russia , moscow area ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , 1 . 8 . 2009 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n673x646 ( ~ 110kb ) russia , moscow area , 10 . 8 . 2010 ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\n500x343 ( ~ 22kb ) finland : ka : virolahti , 671 : 53 , 27 . 7 . 1973 , markku savela leg .\nherbula ? submarginalis walker , [ 1866 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 34 : 1286 ( preocc . walker , 1866 )\nfrom ( ontario - alberta ) - florida , missouri . see [ maps ]\nbotys generosa grote & robinson , 1867 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 1 : 20 , pl . 2 , f . 10 ; tl : pennsylvania\nnewfoundland , s . canada - to ( florida , new mexico , california ) . see [ maps ]\nlarva on satureia hortensis , monarda [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 120\nw . northwest territory , yukon , alaska ? , rocky mountains . see [ maps ]\n500x318 ( ~ 18kb ) finland : om : perho j\u00e4nk\u00e4 , 7020 : 376 , 10 . 6 . 1971 , markku savela leg .\n500x339 ( ~ 21kb ) finland : ka : virolahti , 20 . 7 . 1970 , markku savela leg .\nherbula subsequalis guen\u00e9e , 1854 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . g\u00e9n . l\u00e9pid . 8 : 177 ; tl : north ameria\n900x678 ( ~ 83kb ) usa : pike national forest , sugar creek on cr - 67 ( about 39\u00b018 ' n 105\u00b010 ' w ) , douglas co . , co , 29 . 7 . 2012 , photo \u00a9 markku savela\ns . nova scotia , s . ontario - to ( illinois - n . florida , mississippi , e . texas )\n( deltoides & pyralides ) pl . 8 , f . 3 ( repl .\nbotis tatalis grote , 1877 ; can . ent . 9 ( 6 ) : 106 ; tl : [ texas , belfrage ]\nbotys perrubralis packard , 1873 ; ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 : 264 ; tl : california\nbotis scurralis hulst , 1886 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 13 : 155 ; tl : arizona\ns . british columbia - california , nevada , colorado , arizona . see [ maps ]\nbotys semirubralis packard , 1873 ; ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 : 263 ; tl : california\nbotys unifascialis packard , 1873 ; ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 : 261 ; tl : california\ns . new york - to ( illinois - florida , texas ) , mexico - venezuela , west indies . see [ maps ]\nsyllythria idessa druce , 1895 ; biol . centr . - amer . ins . lep . het . 3 : pl . 60 , f . 20\nnew jersey - florida , missouri , texas , oklahoma , s . california . see [ maps ]\nfrom ( nova scotia - ontario , missouri ) - to ( n . florida - texas ) . see [ maps ]\ns . canada - to ( florida - colorado ) . see [ maps ]\nbotis niveicilialis grote , 1875 ; bull . buffalo soc . nat . sci . 2 : 232 ; tl : new york\nbotys fodinalis lederer , 1863 ; wien . ent . monats . 7 ( 10 ) : 369 , ( 12 ) : 461 , pl . 8 , f . 9 ; tl : california\nlarva on monardella villosa , ( reared ) [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 138\nbotis socialis grote , 1877 ; can . ent . 9 ( 6 ) : 107 ; tl : canada\n= hapalia bicoloralis ; whalley , 1963 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 13 ( 11 ) : 446\nbotys tinctalis lederer , 1863 ; wien . ent . monats . 7 ( 10 ) : 371 , ( 12 ) pl . 9 , f . 5 ; tl : venezuela\nbotys extinctalis lederer , 1863 ; wien . ent . monats . 7 ( 10 ) : 372 , ( 12 ) pl . 9 , f . 18 ; tl : himalaya ?\nbotys catasemalis r\u00f6ber , 1891 ; tijdschr . ent . 34 : 334 ; tl : key i .\nbotys aulicalis m\u00f6schler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 75 ; tl : jamaica\nbotys villicalis m\u00f6schler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 76 ; tl : jamaica\nbotys matronulalis m\u00f6schler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 76 ; tl : jamaica\nbotys collustralis m\u00f6schler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 76 ; tl : jamaica\nbotys hilaralis m\u00f6schler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 77 ; tl : jamaica\nbotys meropialis m\u00f6schler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 77 ; tl : jamaica\nbotys janiralis m\u00f6schler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 78 ; tl : jamaica\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ spl ] varis , v . ( ed ) , ahola , m . , albrecht , a . , jalava , j . , kaila , l . , kerppola , s . , kullberg , j . , 1995\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nhistoire naturelle des insectes . species g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e9res . tome huiti\u00e9me . deltoides et pyralites\nreise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera\n- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .\nin uhler , p . r . report upon the insects collected by p . r . uhler during the explorations of 1875 , including monographs of the families\na revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 1\na revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 2\nhistoire naturelle , g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et particuli\u00e8re des crustac\u00e9s et des insectes . ouvrage faisant suite a l ' histoire naturelle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et particuli\u00e9re , compos\u00e9e par leclerc de buffon , et redig\u00e9e par c . s . sonnini , member de plusieurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s savantes\ndescriptions of lepidopterous insects collected the late dr . f . stoliczka during the indian - government mission to yarkund in 1873\n( a ) : 1 - 78 , pl . 1 - 4 , a - h , ( b ) : 79 - 150 , pl . 5 - 9 , j - u\nlist of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . supplement\nwhalley , 1963 a revision of the world species of the genus endotricha zeller ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 13 ( 11 ) : 395 - 454 , pl . 1 - 37\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nmunroe , e . , 1976 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 13 . 2b , p . 107 ; pl . 6 . 30 - 31 . order\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\npresence in costa rica ; list of 35 specimen records with dates and locations ( u . of alberta )\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nthe information below is based on images submitted and identified by contributors . range and date information may be incomplete , overinclusive , or just plain wrong .\nhover over black occurrence boxes to see number of images submitted . log in to make states , months and boxes clickable .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nthis system is free software released under gnu / gpl 3 . 0 - portal version 1 . 0\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike 3 . 0 united states license ."]}
{"id": 1226, "summary": [{"text": "aristotelia eldorada is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by keifer in 1936 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "aristotelia eldorada", "paragraphs": ["aristotelia impunctella ( caradja , 1920 ) , described as xystophora impunctella ( nom . nud . )\naristotelia is a genus of moth in the family gelechiidae . well - known species are food plant specialists , and diverse hosts are used - salicaceae , solanaceae , rosaceae , fagaceae , fabaceae , asteraceae .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy ."]}
{"id": 1227, "summary": [{"text": "helcystogramma microsema is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by meyrick in 1911 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found on the seychelles , where it has been recorded from mah\u00e9 .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 15 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are dark purplish-fuscous , the stigmata black , with the plical beneath the first discal , edged anteriorly by a small whitish dot .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is an ochreous-whitish dot on the costa at three-fourths .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "helcystogramma microsema", "paragraphs": ["brachmia microsema meyrick , 1911 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 14 : 274 ; tl : seychelles\nhelcystogramma amethystias ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3\nhelcystogramma augusta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4\nhelcystogramma compositaepictum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5\nhelcystogramma cyanozona ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6\nhelcystogramma gradatum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6\nhelcystogramma helicopis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3\nhelcystogramma heterostigma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nhelcystogramma heterotoma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nhelcystogramma immeritellum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nhelcystogramma rhabducha ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9\nhelcystogramma tristellum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9\nhave a fact about helcystogramma ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for helcystogramma ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhelcystogramma adaequata meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 271 ; tl : british guiana\nhelcystogramma symbolica meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 270 ; tl : british guiana\nhelcystogramma chalyburga meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 103 ; tl : brazil , para\nhelcystogramma cyanozona meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 26 ; tl : sidapur , coorg\nhelcystogramma sertigera meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 27 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas\nhelcystogramma claripunctella ponomarenko , 1998 ; far east . ent . 67 : 4 ; tl : russia , primorskii krai , 16km sw partizansk\nhelcystogramma gypsaspis meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 163 ; tl : java , tegal simpar , 3000ft ; pekalongan\nhelcystogramma klimeschi ponomarenko & huemer , 2001 ; stud . trentini sci . nat . acta bol . 76 : ( 7 - 15 )\nhelcystogramma lithostrota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 578 ; tl : perak , gunong hijan , 5000ft\nhelcystogramma clarkei rose & pathania , 2003 ; panjab univ . res . j . ( sci . ) 53 : ( 81 - 90 )\nhelcystogramma thesmiopa ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]\nhelcystogramma uedai rose & pathania , 2003 ; panjab univ . res . j . ( sci . ) 53 : ( 81 - 90 )\nhelcystogramma virescens ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]\nhelcystogramma flavilineolella ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1042 , 1037 ( list )\nhelcystogramma infibulata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 577 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya ; s . india , coimbatore\nhelcystogramma flavilineolella ponomarenko , 1998 ; far east . ent . 67 : 2 ; tl : russia , primorskii krai , pogranichii distr . , barabash - levada\nhelcystogramma hassenzanensis park & hodges , 1995 ; korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 229 ; tl : taichung co . , taiwan\ngelechia ( helcystogramma ) ribbeella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 369 , f . 126a - b ; tl : chiriqui\nhelcystogramma arulensis ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1042 ( note ) ; [ fe ]\nhelcystogramma carycastis meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 104 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas ; british guiana , bartica\nhelcystogramma klimeschi ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1042 ( note ) ; [ fe ]\nhelcystogramma lineolella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ fe ]\nhelcystogramma simplex ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]\n= helcystogramma melanocarpum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 130 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33\nhelcystogramma armatum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4\nhelcystogramma balteatum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4\nhelcystogramma crypsinomum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5\nhelcystogramma engraptum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6\nhelcystogramma fuscomarginatum ueda , 1995 ; jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 385 ; tl : japan , kyushu , kagoshima pref . , yakushima is . , onoaida\nhelcystogramma hoplophorum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nhelcystogramma infibulatum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nhelcystogramma leucoplectum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8\nhelcystogramma lithostrotum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8\nhelcystogramma obscuratum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8\nhelcystogramma philomusum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8\nhelcystogramma aruritis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4\nhelcystogramma badium ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 128 , pl . 3 , f . 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32\nhelcystogramma brabylitis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4\nhelcystogramma delocosma ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6\nhelcystogramma ectopon hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 131 , pl . 3 , f . 35 ; tl : fort niobrara national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska\nhelcystogramma hapalyntis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6\nhelcystogramma idiastis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nhelcystogramma lochistis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8\nhelcystogramma phryganitis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9\nhelcystogramma xerastis ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 10\nhelcystogramma bicuneum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1055 , 1039 ( list )\nhelcystogramma cascum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 127 , pl . 3 , f . 28 - 29 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32\nhelcystogramma epicentra ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1057 , 1039 ( list )\nhelcystogramma fuscomarginatum ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1065 , 1039 ( list )\nhelcystogramma hassenzanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1071 , 1040 ( list )\nhelcystogramma perelegans ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1062 , 1039 ( list )\nhelcystogramma rufescens ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9 ; [ fe ]\nhelcystogramma flavifuscum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1062 , 1039 ( list ) ; tl : guangxi , jinxiu ( 24\u00b008 ' n , 110\u00b011 ' e ) , 550m\nhelcystogramma hystricella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 129 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33\nhelcystogramma rectangulum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , shaanxi , nighshan ( 33\u00b019 ' n , 108\u00b020 ' e ) , 880m\n= helcystogramma trijunctum ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 227 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1072\nhelcystogramma albilepidotum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1074 , 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , sichuan , wolong ( 30\u00b059 ' n , 103\u00b008 ' e ) , 1900m\nhelcystogramma fernaldella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 126 , pl . 3 , f . 25 - 27 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33\nhelcystogramma imagibicuneum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1060 , 1039 ( list ) ; tl : shaanxi , chenhe , zhouzhi ( 34\u00b010 ' n , 108\u00b012 ' e ) , 700m\nhelcystogramma melantherella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 128 , pl . 3 , f . 31 - 32 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33\nhelcystogramma furvimaculare li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , guizhou , huixiangping , mt fanjing ( 27\u00b055 ' n , 108\u00b041 ' e ) , 1700m\nhelcystogramma imagitrijunctum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1080 , 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , jiangxi , mt wuyi ( 26\u00b054 ' n , 116\u00b042 ' e ) , 800m\nhelcystogramma angustum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1075 , 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , hubei , shayuyan , hefeng ( 29\u00b053 ' n , 110\u00b002 ' e ) , 1260m\nhelcystogramma flavistictum li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1077 , 1040 ( list ) ; tl : china , shaanxi , xinjianshan , fengxian ( 33\u00b055 ' n , 106\u00b031 ' e ) , 1600m\nhelcystogramma brevinodium li & zhen , 2011 ; j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1077 , 1039 ( list ) ; tl : china , hebei , mt xiantai , jingxing ( 38\u00b001 ' n , 114\u00b001 ' e ) , 1200m\nhelcystogramma chambersella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 131 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32\nhelcystogramma trijunctum ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 227 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1072 , 1040 ( list )\nhelcystogramma ineruditum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7 ; ponomarenko , 1998 , far east . ent . 67 : 10 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 281\nhelcystogramma lutatella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1066 , 1039 ( list ) ; [ fe ]\nhelcystogramma hibisci ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 225 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1059 , 1039 ( list ) ; [ afromoths ]\nhelcystogramma triannulella ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 230 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1067 , 1039 ( list ) ; [ fe ]\nhelcystogramma convolvuli ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 17 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; [ fe ]\nhelcystogramma arotraeum ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ( note ) ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 383 ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 226 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1064 , 1039 ( list )\nhelcystogramma ( dichomeridinae ) ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 377 ; [ nhm card ] ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 281 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1036 ; [ afromoths ] ; [ fe ] ; karsholt , mutanen , lee & kaila , 2013 , syst . ent . 38 : 343\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ south africa , limpopo ] , zoutpansberg district , wylie ' s poort .\njanse a . j . t . 1954 . the moths of south africa . v . gelechiadae . - \u2014 5 ( 4 ) : 301\u2013464 , pls . 137\u2013202 .\n= onebala ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 208 ; [ aucl ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\n= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 122 ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 224 ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 377 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ afromoths ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1036\n= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 377 ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 224 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1036 ; [ afromoths ]\n= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1036\n= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 123 ; ueda , 1995 , jpn . j . ent . 63 ( 2 ) : 377 ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 224 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1037 ; [ afromoths ]\n= ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 224 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1037\n= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1037\ndichomeris abortiva walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 98 ; tl : guatemala , las mercedes , 3000ft\nnothris albinervis gerasimov , 1929 ; ezheg . zool . mus . 30 : 37\nzalithia amethystias meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 1 ) : 140 ; tl : peradeniya , ceylon\ntricyanaula anthistis meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 508 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon\nhelcystograme anthistis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4\nonebala archigrapha meyrick , 1929 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 508 ; tl : colombia\nstrobisia armata meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 728 ; tl : khasis\njapan , taiwan , burma , thailand , ne . india , ceylon , malaysia , java , china ( hainan , jiangxi , yunnan ) . see [ maps ]\ncladodes arotraea meyrick , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . 1894 ( 1 ) : 15 ; tl : koni , burma\nlarva on zizania latifolia , oriza sativa ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 4\nbrachmia arulensis rebel , 1929 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 79 : 52\nbrachmia aruritis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 723 ; tl : maskeliya , matale , puttalam and trincomali , ceylon\nstrobisia augusta meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 727 ; tl : khasi hills , assam\nbrachmia badia braun , 1921 ; ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 12 ; tl : freadlba , california\nstrobisia balteata meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 732 ; tl : khasis\nassam , china ( anhui , guizhou , hainan , hong kong , hubei , hunan , xizang , yunnan ) . see [ maps ]\nstrobisia bicunea meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 731 ; tl : khasi hills , assam\nstrobisia brabylitis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 729 ; tl : n . coorg , india\ns . saskatchewan , british columbia - utah , colorado , oregon . see [ maps ]\nbrachmia casca braun , 1925 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 51 ( 3 ) : 196 ; tl : logan canyon near cottonwood canyon , utah\nbrachmia cerinura meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 47 ; tl : brazil , obidos\nchalybea ( felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ) ( simaethis ) ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 140 , f . 4\npennsylvania , florida , oklahoma , missouri , texas , arizona , california . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2265 ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 132 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32\nlarva on ambrosia artemisiifolia , ambrosia confertifolia , a . ptilostachya hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133\nschemataspis compositaepicta omelko & omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr : 216 ; tl : verkhnii pereval , primorskii krai , russia\nbrachmia conturbata meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 359 ; tl : sierra leone\n= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 32 ; [ afromoths ]\n= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 33\nlarva on ipomoea , i . batatas hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 133 , solanum tuberosum ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 5\ndichomeris cornuta busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 20 ; tl : corozal and trinidad river , panama\nbrachmia craticula meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 90 ; tl : portuguese east africa , magude ; iynack is .\nbrachmia cricopa meyrick , 1911 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 14 : 274 ; tl : seychelles\nbrachmia crypsinoma meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 527 ; tl : siam , bangkok\ndichomeris daedalea walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 100 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\nonebala delocosma meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 46 ; tl : telawa , java\nzalithia deltophora janse , 1954 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 4 ) : 397 ; tl : s . africa\nbrachmia engrapta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 114 ; tl : lahore , punjab , india\nlarva on ipomoea batatas ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6\nceylon , china ( fujian , hong kong , huan , zhejiang ) . see [ maps ]\nstrobisia epicentra meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 730 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\nsw . newfoundland , s . canada , south dakota , alaska , yukon . see [ maps ]\ntrichotaphe fernaldella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 915 ; tl : orono , maine\nbrachmia fiscinata meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 26 ; tl : zululand , nkwaleni\nse . siberia , china ( henan , liaoning , shaanxi , sichuan , zhejiang ) . see [ maps ]\nlarva on oplismenus undulatifolius ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 6\nbrachmia gradata meyrick , 1910 ; rec . ind . mus . 5 : 221 ; tl : shillong , khasi hills\nbrachmia graphicodes meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 194 ; tl : new hanover\nbrachmia hapalyntis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 724 ; tl : dibidi , n . coorg\nstrobisia helicopis meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 101 ; tl : brazil , para , obidos ; peru , jurimaguas\nbrachmia hemiopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 90 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali , sawmills\nhypatima heterostigma diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 154 ; tl : luzon , benguet , baguio , 5000ft\nbrachmia heterotoma diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 158 ; tl : luzon , los ba\u00f1os\nchina ( anhui , guizhou , hong kong , hubei , xizang , zhejiang ) , taiwan , thailand , vietnam , india , ceylon , sumatra , java , australia ( queensland ) . see [ maps ]\n= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 208 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 225 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\n= ; [ aucl ] ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 225 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nlarva on hibiscus spp . , abelmoschus spp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nhelcystrogramma hoplophora meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 577 ; tl : upper burma , myitkyina\nbrachmia hystricella braun , 1921 ; ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 11 ; tl : cincinnati , ohio\nlarva on hystrix patula braun , 1921 , ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 12\nbrachmia idiastis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 577 ; tl : pusa , bengal\nlarva on panicum sp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 7\nchina ( guizhou , jiangxi , zhejiang ) , taiwan . see [ maps ]\ngelechia immeritella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 634 ; tl : ceylon\nbrachmia inerudita meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 290 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk\nstrobisia leucoplecta meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 729 ; tl : madulsima , ceylon\nbrachmia lochistis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 723 ; tl : maskeliya and puttlam , ceylon ; n . coorg , 3500ft\nceu , seu , uralsk , transbaikalia , china ( fujian , gansu , guizhou , hebei , heilongjiang , henan , hubei , jiangxi , shaanxi , sichuan , xizang , xinjiang ) . see [ maps ]\nanacampsis lutatella herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , 1854 ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 5 ( 65 ) : 201 ; tl : europe\nlarva on calamagrostis epigeios , agropyrum repens ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 8\ndichomeris lyrella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 101 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; tl : guatemala , alta ver par , panima , 1800ft\nbrachmia malacogramma meyrick , 1909 ; ann . transv . mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 14 , pl . 5 , f . 2 ; tl : pretoria\ntrichotaphe meconitis meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 176 ; tl : argentina\nnova scotia , new brunswick - south carolina - texas . see [ maps ]\ntrichotaphe melantherella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 232 , pl . 1 , f . 7 ; tl : palm beach , florida\nlarva on calyptocarpus vialis , cynara scolymnus , melanthera nivea , xanthium strumarium hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 129\ndichomeris melissia walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 97 ; tl : panama , tabernilla\nbrachmia musicopa meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 727 ; tl : transvaal\nbrachmia nesidias meyrick , 1911 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 14 : 273 ; tl : seychelles\nbrachmia neurograpta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 91 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali\ngelechia obseratella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 371 , pl . 5 , f . 127\nbrachmia octophora meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 25 ; tl : natal , stella bush\nbrachmia pantheropa meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 296 ; tl : barberton\ndichomeris perceptella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 19 ; tl : la chorrera and cabima , panama\nse . siberia , korea , japan , china ( hunan , tianjin ) . see [ maps ]\ntricyanaula perelegans omelko & omelko , 1993 ; biol . issl . kul ' t . ekosyst . prim . kr : 218 ; tl : andreevka , primrskii krai , russia\nbrachmia philomusa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 114 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon\nbrachmia phryganitis meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 722 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya and madulsima\nchina ( guizhou , hunan , shaanxi , sichuan ) . see [ maps ]\nstrobisia rhabducha meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 730 ; tl : maskeliya , cyelon\ngelechia rusticella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 621 ; tl : ega\nstrobisia scintillula walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 81 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\ngelechia selectella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 614 ; tl : ega\nonebala simplex walsingham , 1900 ; bull . liverpool mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 2 ; tl : sokotra , adho dimellus , 3500ft\nbrachmia spilopis meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 356 ; tl : rhodesia , mazoe\ndichomeris stellatella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 20 ; tl : taboga island , panama\ngelechia subvectella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 610 ; tl : ega\ndichomeris thesmiopa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 114 ; tl : brazil , obidos\nonebala thiostoma meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 509 ; tl : kanara , haliyal\nceu , seu , sw . siberia , caucasus , transcaucasia , kazakhstan , se . siberia , kore , japan , china , n . india . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 230\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 230 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1067\n= ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; park & hodges , 1995 , korean j . syst . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 230 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9 ; li & zhen , 2011 , j . nat . hist . 45 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1067\nlarva on ipomoea batatas , convolutus aroensi , calystegia sepium , calystegia japonica ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 9\nbrachmia trichocyma meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 47 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas , teff\u00e9 ; british guiana , bartica\nchina ( anhui , gansu , guangxi , guizhou , hubei , huna , shaanxi , sichuan , yunnan ) , taiwan . see [ maps ]\nceratophora tristella snellen , 1901 ; tijdschr . ent . 44 : 85 , pl . 6 , f . 2 ; tl : java , batavia\nbrachmia verberata meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 68 ; tl : haenertsburg ; woodbush village\nstrobisia victrix meyrick , 1911 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 3 ) : 727 ; tl : n . coorg , 3400ft\nbrachmia virescens walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 84 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\ntorodora xerastis meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 599 ; tl : punjab , india\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\n[ spl ] varis , v . ( ed ) , ahola , m . , albrecht , a . , jalava , j . , kaila , l . , kerppola , s . , kullberg , j . , 1995\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nreise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera\n- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .\nlepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes\ndie schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae\nin gardiner , no . xii . tortricina and tineina . results of the percy sladen trust expedition to the indian ocean in 1905\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\n[ south africa , kwazulu - natal ] , zululand , nkwaleni , i , leg . a . j . t . janse .\nmeyrick e . 1918a . descriptions of south african micro - lepidoptera . - annals of the transvaal museum 6 ( 2 ) : 7\u201359 .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 1245, "summary": [{"text": "platylesches affinissima , the bashful hopper or affinity hopper , is a butterfly in the hesperiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in senegal , the gambia , guinea , sierra leone , ghana , nigeria , the republic of the congo , tanzania , malawi , north-western zambia , mozambique and eastern zimbabwe .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of guinea savanna .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "adults feed from the flowers of trees and shrubs .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they are on wing year round , but are most common from may to august . ", "topic": 15}], "title": "platylesches affinissima", "paragraphs": ["children platylesches dolomitica , platylesches langa , platylesches picanini , platylesches robusta subsp . robusta , platylesches shona , platylesches affinissima , platylesches ayresii , platylesches galesa , platylesches moritili , platylesches neba , platylesches tina\nplatylesches affinissima strand , 1920 ; arch . naturgesch . 86 , a , ( 7 ) : 164\nplatylesches affinissima ; [ bow ] : pl . 130 , f . 14 ( text ) ; [ afrl ]\nplatylesches robustus neave , 1910 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1910 : 83\nplatylesches shona evans , 1937 ; cat . african hesp . brit . mus . : 169\nplatylesches ayresii ; [ bow ] : pl . 130 , f . 13 ; [ afrl ]\nplatylesches chamaeleon ; [ bow ] : pl . 130 , f . 14 ; [ afrl ]\nplatylesches galesa ; [ bow ] : pl . 130 , f . 15 ; [ afrl ]\nplatylesches picanini ; [ bow ] : pl . 130 , f . 17 ; [ afrl ]\nplatylesches robustus ; [ bow ] : pl . 130 , f . 18 ; [ afrl ]\nplatylesches tina ; [ bk ] : 431 , pl . 63 , f . 852 ; [ afrl ]\nplatylesches tina evans , 1937 ; cat . african hesp . brit . mus . : 170 ; tl : malawi\nplatylesches holland , 1896 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1896 ( 1 ) : 72 ; ts : parnara ( ? ) picanini holland\nplatylesches moritili ; [ bow ] : pl . 130 , f . 16 ; [ bk ] : 430 , pl . 63 , f . 851 ; [ afrl ]\nplatylesches - species dictionary - southern africa : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .\npamphila ayresii trimen , 1889 ; s . a . butt . 3 : 321\nparnara batangae holland , 1894 ; ent . news 5 ( 3 ) : 92 ; tl : batanga , german west africa\npamphila chamaeleon mabille , 1891 ; bull . soc . ent . belg . 35 ( 18 ) : clxxix ; tl : sierra leone\nhesperia neba hewitson , 1877 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 19 ( 109 ) : 84\nparnara ( ? ) picanini holland , 1894 ; ent . news 5 ( 3 ) : 91\ntransvaal , rhodesia , malawi , tanzania - s . kenya . see [ maps ]\nchecklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\non two collection of lepidoptera sent by h . h . johnston , esq . , c . b . , from british central africa\nwallengren , 1857 kafferlandets dag - fj\u00e4rilar , insamlade \u00e5ren 1838 - 1845 af j . a . wahlberg / lepidoptera rhopalocera in terra caffrorum annis 1838 - 1845 collecta a j . a . wahlberg k . svenska vetenskakad . handl . 2 ( 4 ) : 1 - 55\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nv\u00e1ri , l . , kroon , d . m . , & kr\u00fcger , m . 2002 . classification and checklist of the species of lepidoptera recorded in southern africa . simple solutions , chatswood australia ."]}
{"id": 1246, "summary": [{"text": "the batrachia are a clade of amphibians that includes frogs and salamanders , as well as the extinct allocaudates , but not caecilians .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "the name batrachia was first used by french zoologist pierre andr\u00e9 latreille in 1800 to refer to frogs , but has more recently been defined in a phylogenetic sense as a node-based taxon that includes the last common ancestor of frogs and salamanders and all of its descendants .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "the idea that frogs and salamanders are more closely related to each other than either is to caecilians is strongly supported by morphological and molecular evidence , but an alternative hypothesis exists in which salamanders and caecilians are each other 's closest relatives as part of a clade called the procera , with frogs positioned as the sister taxon of this group . ", "topic": 6}], "title": "batrachia", "paragraphs": ["batrachia in the century dictionary , the century co . , new york , 1911\ncatalogue of the batrachia salientia s . ecaudata in the collection of the british museum .\n\u2018this clade is also referred to as batrachia and is placed in superorder salientia . \u2019\ncatalogue of the batrachia salientia s . ecaudata in the collection of the british museum . 2d ed . ,\n\u2018for example , batrachia and gymnophiona are sister taxa within the ancestral taxon , amphibia ( or \u2018lissamphibia\u2019 in many systems ) . \u2019\ndetails - catalogue of the batrachia salientia s . ecaudata in the collection of the british museum . 2d ed . , - biodiversity heritage library\n\u2018maximum parsimony analysis of this latter data set also recovered monophyly of living amphibians and favored a frog + salamander ( batrachia ) relationship . \u2019\nwhat made you want to look up batrachia ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .\na taxonomic superorder within the subclass lissamphibia \u2013 since the late 20th century batrachia has denoted both tailed and tailless amphibia : the frogs , toads , salamanders and various extinct forms , but has excluded the caecilians .\n@ book { bhl25773 , title = { reptilia and batrachia / } , copyright = { not _ in _ copyright } , url = urltoken note = urltoken publisher = { london : taylor and francis , } , author = { boulenger , george albert , } , year = { 1890 . } , pages = { 570 } , keywords = { amphibians | burma | india | reptiles | sri lanka | } , } @ book { bhl117881 , title = { reptilia and batrachia / } , copyright = { public domain . the bhl considers that this work is no longer under copyright protection . } , url = urltoken note = urltoken publisher = { london : taylor and francis , } , author = { boulenger , george albert , } , year = { } , pages = { 568 } , keywords = { amphibians | burma | india | reptiles | sri lanka | } , } @ book { bhl15735 , title = { reptilia and batrachia / } , volume = { reptilia and batrachia } , copyright = { public domain . the bhl considers that this work is no longer under copyright protection . } , url = urltoken note = urltoken publisher = { london : taylor and francis , } , author = { boulenger , george albert , } , year = { } , pages = { 570 } , keywords = { amphibians | burma | india | reptiles | sri lanka | } , } @ book { bhl59703 , title = { reptilia and batrachia / } , copyright = { not _ in _ copyright } , url = urltoken note = urltoken publisher = { london : taylor and francis , } , author = { boulenger , george albert , } , year = { } , pages = { 568 } , keywords = { amphibians | burma | india | reptiles | sri lanka | } , }\nty - book ti - catalogue of the batrachia salientia s . ecaudata in the collection of the british museum . 2d ed . , ur - urltoken pb - printed by order of the trustees cy - london py - 1882 et - 2d ed . au - british museum ( natural history ) . department of zoology . au - boulenger , george albert , kw - amphibians er -\n@ book { bhl60910 , title = { catalogue of the batrachia salientia s . ecaudata in the collection of the british museum . 2d ed . , } , copyright = { not _ in _ copyright } , url = urltoken note = urltoken publisher = { londonprinted by order of the trustees } , author = { british museum ( natural history ) . department of zoology . and boulenger , george albert , } , year = { } , pages = { 588 } , keywords = { amphibians | } , }\n< mods xmlns : xlink =\nurltoken\nversion =\n3 . 0\nxmlns : xsi =\nurltoken\nxmlns =\nurltoken\nxsi : schemalocation =\nurltoken urltoken\n> < titleinfo > < title > catalogue of the batrachia salientia s . ecaudata in the collection of the british museum . 2d ed . , < / title > < / titleinfo > < name type =\ncorporate\n> < namepart > british museum ( natural history ) . department of zoology . < / namepart > < role > < roleterm type =\ntext\n> creator < / roleterm > < / role > < / name > < name type =\npersonal\n> < namepart > boulenger , george albert , < / namepart > < namepart type =\ndate\n> 1858 - 1937 < / namepart > < role > < roleterm type =\ntext\n> contributor < / roleterm > < / role > < / name > < typeofresource > text < / typeofresource > < genre authority =\nmarcgt\n> book < / genre > < origininfo > < place > < placeterm type =\ntext\n> london < / placeterm > < / place > < publisher > printed by order of the trustees < / publisher > < dateissued > 1882 < / dateissued > < dateissued encoding =\nmarc\npoint =\nstart\nkeydate =\nyes\n> 1882 < / dateissued > < edition > 2d ed . < / edition > < / origininfo > < physicaldescription > < form authority =\nmarcform\n> print < / form > < / physicaldescription > < language > < languageterm authority =\niso639 - 2b\ntype =\ntext\n> english < / languageterm > < / language > < subject > < topic > amphibians < / topic > < / subject > < classification authority =\nlcc\n> ql668 e2 b8 1882 < / classification > < identifier type =\nuri\n> urltoken < / identifier > < identifier type =\ndoi\n> 10 . 5962 / bhl . title . 20903 < / identifier > < recordinfo > < recordcontentsource authority =\nmarcorg\n> otu < / recordcontentsource > < / recordinfo > < / mods >\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .\nthere are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :\nyou have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .\nyour browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .\nyour browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .\nthe date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .\nyou have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .\nthis site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .\nin general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .\nsentences are made up of words . a sentence can be made up of any number of words . he left us . the man in the corner lowered his newspaper . whenever i see tammy i worry about how i look . until to . . .\nimpress your friends , family and colleagues with this unusual collection of football lingo .\ncatch up on the latest words in the news this june with robert groves .\nall the latest wordy news , linguistic insights , offers and competitions every month .\nthis page was last edited on 18 march 2018 , at 00 : 13 .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy .\nbritish museum ( natural history ) . department of zoology . boulenger , george albert , 1858 - 1937\ncopyright status : not _ in _ copyright copyright region : us copyright evidence : evidence reported by lexw @ urltoken for item catalogueofbatra00brituoft on march 11 , 2008 : no visible notice of copyright ; stated date is 1882 .\ncopyright status : public domain . the bhl considers that this work is no longer under copyright protection .\ncopyright status : not _ in _ copyright copyright region : us copyright evidence : evidence reported by james - hixon for item reptiliabatrachi00bouliala on november 18 , 2006 : no visible notice of copyright ; stated date is 1890 .\nlove words ? you must \u2014 there are over 200 , 000 words in our free online dictionary , but you are looking for one that\u2019s only in the merriam - webster unabridged dictionary .\nthe story of an imaginary word that managed to sneak past our editors and enter the dictionary .\ntake this quiz and discover 12 words for things you didn ' t know had words .\nand reptilia with a systematic list of the higher groups and an essay on geographical distribution based on the specimens in the u .\nall content on this website , including dictionary , thesaurus , literature , geography , and other reference data is for informational purposes only . this information should not be considered complete , up to date , and is not intended to be used in place of a visit , consultation , or advice of a legal , medical , or any other professional .\nyour current browser isn ' t compatible with soundcloud . please download one of our supported browsers . need help ?\nwe use cookies to enhance your experience on our website . this website uses cookies that provide targeted advertising and which track your use of this website . by clicking \u2018continue\u2019 or by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our use of cookies . you can change your cookie settings at any time .\nstay up to date with our latest news and receive new words updates , blog posts , and more .\nin this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot - on cv .\narchaic words have a charm that never fades away , from french sounding to wondrously mysterious ones .\nwhether you ' re a student , an educator , or a lifelong learner , urltoken can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement .\ndon ' t have an account yet ? sign up . it ' s free and takes five seconds .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nreflexive pronouns are used : person singular plural 1st 2nd 3rd masculine 3rd feminine 3rd neuter general myself yourself himself herself itself oneself ourselves yourselves themselves th . . .\nwhether you ' re in search of a crossword puzzle , a detailed guide to tying knots , or tips on writing the perfect college essay , harper reference has you covered for all your study needs .\nwe use cookies to enhance your experience on our website . by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our use of cookies . you can change your cookie settings at any time .\nfor full access to this pdf , sign in to an existing account , or purchase an annual subscription .\nafter milner , 1994 , laurin & reisz , 1997 , and frost et al . , 2006\ncarroll , r . l . , 1988 : vertebrate paleontology and evolution . \u2013w . h . freeman and company , new york , 1988 , 698\ncarroll , r . l . , 1988 : appendix . 594 - 648 . in carroll , r . l . 1988 : vertebrate paleontology and evolution . \u2013w . h . freeman and company , new york , 1988 , 698 .\nfrost , d . r . , grant , t . , faivovich , j . , bain , r . h . , haas , a . , haddad , c . f . b . , de s\u00e1 , r . o . , channing , a . , wilkinson , m . , donnellan , s . c . , raxworthy , c . j . , campbell , j . a . , blotto , b . l . , moler , p . , drewes , r . c . , nussbaum , r . a . , lynch , j . d . , green , d . m . & wheeler , w . c . , 2006 : the amphibian tree of life . \u2013bulletin of the american museum of natural history : # 297 , pp . 1 - 370\nlaurin , m . & reisz , r . r . , 1997 : a new perspective on tetrapod phylogeny . 9 - 59 in sumida , s . s . & martin , k . l . m . , 1997 : amniote origins : completing the transition to land . \u2013academic press , san diego , 1997 , pp . x - 510\nmilner , a . r . , 1994 : late triassic and jurassic amphibians : fossil record and phylogeny . 5 - 23 in fraser , n . c . & sues , h . - d . 1994 : in the shadow of the dinosaurs . \u2013cambridge university press , new york . 1994"]}
{"id": 1259, "summary": [{"text": "liobagrus aequilabris is a species of catfish in the amblycipitidae family ( the torrent catfishes ) .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "this species is endemic to china , where it is only known from the xiang river , a tributary of the yangtze river , in guangxi province , but may also be present in the li river , a tributary of the pearl river , due to the presence of the lingqu canal connecting the xiang and li rivers .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "l. aequilabris reaches a length of 6.2 centimetres ( 2.4 in ) sl .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "it differs from other members of its genus in lacking large , retrorse serrations on the posterior edge of the pectoral-fin spine , having upper and lower jaws of equal length , relatively long dorsal ( 7.5-10.2 % of sl ) and pectoral-fin ( 9.1-12.1 % of sl ) spines , a relatively long caudal fin ( 20.1-26.9 % of sl ) , and relatively few post-weberian vertebrae ( 35-37 ) . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "liobagrus aequilabris", "paragraphs": ["liobagrus aequilabris is named after the equally long upper and lower jaws ( from the latin aequalis , meaning equal , and labrum , meaning lip ) . more\nliobagrus aequilabris wright & ng , 2008 - add this species to your\nmy cats\npage . common name ( s ) none type locality xiangjiang at jieshou , 25\u00b043 ' n , 110\u00b045 ' e , xingan prefecturem guangxi province , china . more\nwright , j . j . and h . h . ng , 2008 . a new species of liobagrus ( siluriformes : amblycipitidae ) from southern china . proc . acad . nat . sci . phil . vol . 157 : 37 - 43 . ( ref . 78431 )\ngreek , leio = smooth + mozarabic bagre , greek , pagros = a kind of fish ( dentex sp . ) ( ref . 45335 )\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 6 . 2 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 78431 )\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5001 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01230 ( 0 . 00405 - 0 . 03734 ) , b = 2 . 99 ( 2 . 74 - 3 . 24 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 \u00b10 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .\n: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\n: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\nxiangjiang at jieshou , 25\u00b043 ' n , 110\u00b045 ' e , xingan prefecturem guangxi province , china .\nfrom the greek , leios , meaning smooth , and bagrus , a name usually used for catfishes ; in reference to the smooth head .\n62mm or 2 . 4\nsl . find near , nearer or same sized spp .\nget or print a qr code for this species profile , or try our beta label creator .\nhas this page been useful ? please donate to our monthly hosting costs and keep us free for everyone to enjoy ! explore our youtube channel , facebook page or follow us on twitter .\n\u00a9 1996 - 2018 urltoken , part of the aquatic republic network group of websites . all rights reserved . cite this website . by accessing this site you agree to our terms and conditions of use . our privacy policy .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .\nthere are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :\nyou have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .\nyour browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .\nyour browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .\nthe date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .\nyou have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .\nthis site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .\nin general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\neschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\njennifer hammock added an association between\nyangtze river benthopelagic habitat\nand\nsaurogobio lissilabris banarescu & nalbant 1973\n.\njennifer hammock added an association between\nyangtze river benthopelagic habitat\nand\npareuchiloglanis sinensis ( hora & silas , 1952 )\n.\njennifer hammock added an association between\nyangtze river benthopelagic habitat\nand\nglyptothorax sinensis ( regan , 1908 )\n.\njennifer hammock added an association between\nyangtze river benthopelagic habitat\nand\nglyptothorax fokiensis ( rendahl , 1925 )\n.\njennifer hammock added an association between\nyangtze river benthopelagic habitat\nand\nhucho bleekeri kimura , 1934\n.\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !"]}
{"id": 1281, "summary": [{"text": "loxostegopsis polle is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by dyar in 1917 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , california , nevada , new mexico , texas , wyoming and alberta .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consist of short grass prairie .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 17 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are shaded with brown .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are silky-white with a narrow dark margin .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded from may to june and in september . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "loxostegopsis polle", "paragraphs": ["loxotegopsis [ = loxostegopsis ] dyar , 1917 ; ins . insc . menstr . 5 ( 4 - 6 ) : 84 ; ts : loxotegopsis polle dyar\nloxotegopsis [ sic ] polle dyar , 1917 ; ins . insc . menstr . 5 ( 4 - 6 ) : 84 ; tl : brownsvile , texas\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndyar , h . g . 1917 : seven new crambids from the united states ( lepidoptera , pyralidae ) . \u2013 insecutor inscitiae menstruus , washington 5 ( 4\u20136 ) : 84 .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 7 april , 2014 - 8 : 29pm additional contributions by kyhl austin last updated 24 april , 2016 - 1 : 57pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\ndiaphania costata ( f . ) ( lepidoptera : crambidae : spilomelinae ) , a commonly misidentified pest of ornamental apocynaceae . . .\nby hayden , j . e . , e . r . hoebeke , m . a . bertone & v . a . brou jr .\nproceedings of the entomological society of washington , 119 ( 2 ) : 173 - 190 . , 2017\nhayden , j . e . , e . r . hoebeke , m . a . bertone & v . a . brou jr , 2017 . diaphania costata ( f . ) ( lepidoptera : crambidae : spilomelinae ) , a commonly misidentified pest of ornamental apocynaceae in the southern united states . proceedings of the entomological society of washington , 119 ( 2 ) : 173 - 190 . view and download at bioone here cite : 1415021\ntaxonomic revision of the spilomelinae ( lepidoptera , pyralidae s . l . ) of the gal\u00e1pagos islands , ecuador\nkearfott , w . d . 1909 . descriptions of new species of north american crambid moths . proceedings of the united states national museum 35 : 367 - 393 .\na generic revision of the aquatic moths of north america : ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , nymphulinae ) .\nsolis m . a . , 2009 . transfer of all western hemisphere cybalomiinae to other subfamilies ( crambidae pyraloidea : lepidoptera ) : elusia schaus , dichochroma forbes , schacontia dyar , cybalomia extorris warren , and c . lojanalis ( dognin ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington . 111 : 493\u2013504 download at researchgate here\nstudies on the crambidae ( lepidoptera ) . part 41 . on some tropical crambidae with descriptions of new genera and species .\nnacoleia charesalis ( walker , 1859 ) ( pyraloidea : crambidae : spilomelinae ) is a medium - sized brown moth with a native range from the southeast asian tropics to northern australia . it was first detected in southern florida , usa , in 2012 and known to be spreading rapidly northward . it resembles some native north american pyraustine species . this paper summarizes its current distribution , diagnostic characters and known behavior . download pdf here\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\n[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nclick on species name for the species details page . click on the image for a pop - up of a larger image .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1290, "summary": [{"text": "dairoidea is a superfamily of crabs , comprising two families which each contain a single genus : dairidae ( the living fossil daira ) and dacryopilumnidae ( dacryopilumnus ) . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "dairoidea", "paragraphs": ["davie , p . ( 2014 ) . dairoidea ser\u00e8ne , 1965 . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nparent taxon : brachyura according to c . e . schweitzer et al . 2010\ndatabase contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nde grave , s . , pentcheff , n . d . , ahyong , s . t . , chan , t . - y . , crandall , k . a . , dworschak , p . c . , felder , d . l . , feldmann , r . m . , fransen , c . h . j . m . , goulding , l . y . d . , lemaitre , r . , low , m . e . , martin , j . w . , ng , p . k . l . , schweitzer , c . e . , tan , s . h . , tshudy , d . and r . wetzer ( 2009 )\nsystema brachyurorum : part i . an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world .\noccurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi\npeter k . l . ng , dani\u00e8le guinot & peter j . f . davie ( 2008 ) .\nsystema brachyurorum : part i . an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world\n\u2014 for other uses , see crab ( disambiguation ) . crabs temporal range : jurassic\u2013recent \u2026\n\u2014 for other meanings of decapod , see decapod ( disambiguation ) . decapoda temporal range : devonian\u2013recent \u2026\nwe are using cookies for the best presentation of our site . continuing to use this site , you agree with this . ok\ncrosnier , a . ( 1984 ) . addendum : familles des carpiliidae et des menippidae . in serene : crustaces decapodes brachyoures de l ' ocean indien occidental et de la mer rouge . orstom . [ details ]\nthe checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .\nthese documents have a structure that includes a list of the authors , a description of the taxonomic group or subject , and a list of the species that are part of the list .\nthe checklists aren ' t updated regularly , since they require revisions from groups of authors before their publication .\na complete set of a checklist include a pdf document and a table in csv format .\ngustavo jim\u00e9nez - uzc\u00e1tegui , david a . wiedenfeld , f . hern\u00e1n vargas , howard l . snell .\nnathalia tirado - sanchez , john mccosker , diego ruiz , angel chiriboga , stuart banks .\nyves finet , nathalia tirado - sanchez , angel chiriboga , diego ruiz , stuart banks .\nfrank bungartz , frauke ziemmeck , alba y\u00e1nez ayabaca , fredy nugra , andr\u00e9 aptroot .\nanne gu\u00e9zou , susana chamorro , paola pozo , ana mireya guerrero , rachel atkinson , chris buddenhagen , patricia jaramillo d\u00edaz , mark gardener .\ngustavo jim\u00e9nez - uzc\u00e1tegui , javier zabala , brian milstead , howard l . snell .\nto get up - to - date information about our work , please subscribe to our e - newsletter or follow us on our social media platforms .\nevery single donation we receive , no matter how small , counts as we are completely dependent on the generosity of others to carry out our scientific projects . we need your passion , loyalty and continual support .\nthe \u201ccharles darwin foundation for the galapagos islands\u201d , in french \u201cfondation charles darwin pour les \u00eeles galapagos\u201d , association international sans but lucratif ( \u201caisbl\u201d ) , has its registered office located at dr\u00e8ve du pieur\u00e9 19 , 1160 brussels , and is registered under the trade registry of brussels under the number 0409 . 359 . 103 .\nignore this text box . it is used to detect spammers . if you enter anything into this text box , your message will not be sent .\nresponsibility by carrie e . schweitzer . . . [ et al . ] . imprint leiden , the netherlands ; boston : brill , 2010 . physical description vii , 222 p . ; 25 cm . series crustaceana monographs ; 10 .\na compilation of all known species of fossil decapod crustaceans arrayed in a modern classification based upon the work of numerous students of extant and fossil decapods represents the first such attempt in nearly 100 years . the systematic list cites authors and carefully verified dates of authorship as well as a complete list of references to all taxa cited . the work is intended to provide insight into the range and relative numbers of fossil taxa within the suborder decapoda . the compilation will permit interpretation of the nature of completeness of the fossil record and will provide a platform for future research on this important , diverse group of organisms .\nsubject decapoda ( crustacea ) , fossil . decapoda ( crustacea ) crustacea . fossils .\npublication date 2010 series crustaceana monographs ; 10 isbn 9004178910 ( hbk . : alk . paper ) 9789004178915 ( hbk . : alk . paper )\ncecil h . and ida m . green fund for the branner library of earth sciences\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30db\u30e2\u30e9\u4e0a\u79d1\nto\nhomoloidea de haan , 1839\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30e1\u30f3\u30b3\u30d2\u30b7\u30ac\u30cb\u4e0a\u79d1\nto\naethroidea\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30e6\u30ce\u30cf\u30ca\u30ac\u30cb\u4e0a\u79d1\nto\nbythograeoidea\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30e6\u30a6\u30ec\u30a4\u30ac\u30cb\u4e0a\u79d1\nto\nretroplumoidea\n.\nkento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30b5\u30f3\u30b4\u30e4\u30c9\u30ea\u30ac\u30cb\u4e0a\u79d1\nto\ncryptochiroidea\n.\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\ngalil , bella s . , clark , paul f . , crosnier , alain\nfour genera and seven species of trapeziid crabs are identified from recent collections taken in new caledonia . descriptions and illustrations are given for new species ; calocarcinus crosnieri and tetraiia sanguineomaculata . new records are reported for calocarcinus africanus , quadrella maculosa and trapezia guttata . trapezia cymodoce and t . septata , identified by a . milne edwards from new caledonia under the wrong names , are commented upon .\nclark , malcolm r . , althaus , franziska , williams , alan , niklitschek , edwin , menezes , gui m . , hareide , nils - roar , sutton , philip , o\u2019donnell , ciaran\nlai , joelle c . y . , mendoza , jose christopher e . , guinot , dani\u00e8le , clark , paul f . , ng , peter k . l .\nbieler , r\u00fcdiger , mikkelsen , paula m . , collins , timothy m . , glover , emily a . , gonz\u00e1lez , vanessa l . , graf , daniel l . , harper , elizabeth m . , healy , john , kawauchi , gisele y . , sharma , prashant p . , staubach , sid , strong , ellen e . , taylor , john d . , t\u00ebmkin , ilya , zardus , john d . , clark , stephanie , guzm\u00e1n , alejandra , mcintyre , erin , sharp , paul , giribet , gonzalo\nlai , joelle c . y . , thoma , brent p . , clark , paul f . , felder , darryl l . , ng , peter k . l .\ncitation : mus\u00e3\u00a9um national d ' histoire naturelle [ ed ] . 2018 . r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel des campagnes de collectes , site web : urltoken . - v 2 . 18 . 2"]}
{"id": 1304, "summary": [{"text": "cinctura hunteria is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "cinctura hunteria", "paragraphs": ["fasciolariidae \u00bb cinctura hunteria , id : 573797 , shell detail \u00ab shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .\n( of cinctura hunteria hunteria ( perry , 1811 ) ) petuch e . ( 2013 ) biogeography and biodiversity of western atlantic mollusks . crc press . 252 pp . [ published 2 april 2013 ] [ details ]\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : cinctura hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) - id : 1970000030\ncinctura lilium tortugana h . a . rehder & r . t . abbott , 1951\nto biodiversity heritage library ( 1 publication ) ( from synonym fasciolaria lilium tortugana hollister , 1957 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 12 publications ) ( from synonym fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 4 publications ) ( from synonym fasciolaria lilium hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to genbank ( 1 nucleotides ; 0 proteins ) ( from synonym fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym pyrula hunteria g . perry , 1811 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym fasciolaria lilium tortugana hollister , 1957 )\n( of fasciolaria hunteria ( g . perry , 1811 ) ) rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garc\u00eda , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579\u2013699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico\u2013origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nsnyder m . a . , vermeij g . j . & lyons w . g . ( 2012 ) the genera and biogeography of fasciolariinae ( gastropoda , neogastropoda , fasciolariidae ) . basteria 76 ( 1 - 3 ) : 31 - 70 . [ 3 aug . 2012 ] [ details ]\npetuch e . ( 2013 ) biogeography and biodiversity of western atlantic mollusks . crc press . 252 pp . [ published 2 april 2013 ] [ details ]\npetuch e . ( 2013 ) biogeography and biodiversity of western atlantic mollusks . crc press . 252 pp . [ published 2 april 2013 ] page ( s ) : 203 [ details ]\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthe star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :\nwe want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .\nenter your email address and we will send you an email with your username and password .\ne - mail jecilia sisican if you do not receive your email with your username and password .\nunited states of america . florida . east side of estero boulevard . little carlos pass . extreme low tide . 02 december 2009 .\n\u00a9 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 0 . 002 seconds . )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc869 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc9b6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32336b46 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 325e749a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 327db30f - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3683d4b6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 90ae70d2 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\n. if you continue to use the site we will assume that you agree with this .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\nsome specimens present within the different populations in northeast florida have orange to red ( rather than violet - brown ) spiral bands . this color variant is very rare to absent in other florida populations .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nabbott , robert tucker , 1974 : null . american seashells : the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coasts of north america . 2nd ed . . 663 .\nrosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garc\u00eda , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579\u2013699 < i > in : < / i > felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico\u2013origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m press , college station , texas .\nturgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al . , 1998 : common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed . . american fisheries society special publication 26 . 526 .\natrina serrata ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) sawtooth penshell , in situ in clean sand matazanas inlet , st . john ' s county , florida ( l = 239 mm ) . | pinterest"]}
{"id": 1317, "summary": [{"text": "granulifusus hayashii is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "granulifusus hayashii", "paragraphs": ["genus and description : granulifusus hayashii , 42 . 5 & 45mm , f + +\nfamily : fasciolariidae born : 1961 , habe genus and description : granulifusus hayashii , 50 mm , f + + origin : collected by a local fishermen by nets off aliguay island philippines , july 2013 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nin : okutani , t . ( ed . ) , marine mollusks in japan . tokai university press , tokyo , 505 - 517 ( in japanese ) .\noccurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )\n- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) ."]}
{"id": 1322, "summary": [{"text": "lyclene obtusilinea is a moth of the arctiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by holloway in 2001 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found on borneo .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of upper montane forests .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is 10 \u2013 11 mm for males and 12 \u2013 13 mm for females . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "lyclene obtusilinea", "paragraphs": ["lyclene cuneifera walker , 1862 , j . linn . soc . ( zool . ) , 6 : 113 .\nthe forewing has simpler , broader fasciation in paler grey than other lyclene , and the hindwings are paler yellow than the forewings .\nthe forewings have distinctive criss - cross markings of dark brown on yellow ; the paler hindwings have an unusual , irregular , submarginal brown band . those of the former may well be derived from fusion of the broken fasciae seen in typical lyclene .\nhampson ( 1900 ) included the more lightly marked l . assamica moore as a synonym , but this needs confirmation . the male genitalia have valves with only the saccular process strong . the aedeagus has an unusual apical comb of spines , but the vesica is typical of lyclene with some scobination and a single , blade - like cornutus at the end of a diverticulum . the female genitalia have a bursa consistent with placement in lyclene but more heavily sclerotised than average , including an appendix - like structure that presumably receives the cornutus .\nthe male genitalia have a valve of uniform thickness , rather than being thicker along the costa and sacculus . the apex is produced dorsally and ventrally , obliquely excavate in between . the aedeagus vesica is broader than long with general scobination except on one side where there are a few short , triangular cornuti . the female has a bong ductus with a pyriform , evenly and finely scobinate bursa . as with synestramena , placement in lyclene is questionable .\nthis is one of three very similar species with male forewing venation modified as in fig 4a , most of the strongly curved radial sector veins and m1 arising from a narrow areole , and with the costa reflexed back centrally to support a fringe of hairs over the discal part of the cell . the forewing pattern has a strongly zig - zagged postmedial that , in the male , tracks the strong curvature of the veins distal to the cell . the females have the postmedial less extensively zig - zagged and a generally more speckled facies ; they are difficult to associate with the males . males of the three species can be distinguished externally by variation in the venation around the areole . the facies of cuneifera is similar to that of the next species except the forewing fringes are usually tinged brownish , and the antemedial is more broken as in the third species in the group . the male areole is very narrow , the radial sector veins arising connate or stalked from it . the male genitalia have the costal process of the valve absent , but the saccular process is strong , upcurved , tapering to a point . the aedeagus vesica is globular with about ten slender cornuti arranged around it . the females have an irregularly shaped bursa with rather thick walls , fine scobination basally and a meandering zone of coarser spining distally . a similar bursa structure is seen in lyclene luzon wileman & south comb . n . ( philippines ) but the coarser spining is more regular and linear .\n10 - 11mm , 12 - 13mm . the facies is very similar to that of mesilaulinea , but more finely marked , the subbasal with only a subdorsal obtuse angle , running obliquely from it to the costa at about one - third . the male genitalia are similar to those of obscurilinea but the costal process of the valve is less produced and the saccular process is apically acute , more strongly upcurved . the vesica has a similar lateral bulge , but the groups of cornuti are more widely separated , the basal cornuti longer , the two more distal ones broader . the female genitalia are also similar , but there is stronger curvature and sclerotisation to the neck of the bursa .\n2 as holotype ; 1 , 1 brunei : 1618m , bukit retak , montane forest , 18 . 5 . 1979 ( lt . col . m . g . allen ) ; 1 ( slide 5321 ) bukit retak as above but 18 . 10 . 78 ( t . w . harman ) ; 2 sarawak : gunong mulu nat . park , r . g . s . exped . 1977 - 8 ( j . d . holloway et al . ) , site 2 , 1780m , and site 3 , 1790m , camp 4 , mulu , 452463 and 453463 , [ upper ] montane forest .\nall material is from upper montane forest in a restricted area covering brunei and n . sarawak .\nthis species is recorded from a range of lowland forest types , including heath forest , and lower montane forest as high as 1000m .\nthe species resembles a lighter yellow , more heavily marked version of peloa , the zig - zag postmedial being particularly intense and extending further basad into the medial zone subdorsally .\nthe only specimen seen is the male noted by hampson ( 1900 ) from pulo laut , a low - lying island at the south - east of borneo . further confirmation of its occurrence in borneo would be valuable .\nasura sp . 3 ( part ) of holloway , 1976 : 3 , plate 1 : 14 .\n12 - 13mm , 13 - 14mm . the facies is very similar to that of obscurilinea but has more clearly defined markings and no brown - suffused form . the subbasal area has more than two striae and the subbasal is more angled , obtusely subdorsally and acutely subcostally . the male genitalia have the costal margin concave before the downturn of the apical process , and the saccular process is broadly bifid at the apex . the aedeagus vesica lacks a prominent lobe opposite the part with the cornuti , but has a smaller one that bears an area of scobination . the female lacks a globular swelling from the neck of the bursa but has the curved zone centrally broadened , complex , and the distal part of the bursa is broader than long .\nsabah : mt . kinabalu , mesilau , 1500m , vii - ix . 1965 , cambridge expedition to mt . kinabalu 1965\n4 , 1 as holotype ; 1 ( slide 5325 ) borneo : sabah , bukit monkobo , 51 \u00ba 48\u2019n , 116 \u00ba 58\u2019e , 23 . viii . 1987 , 1200m , stunted hill forest ( a . h . kirk - spriggs ) .\n, 7 - 8mm . the facies is as in the previous two species . the valves of the male genitalia are similar to those of classeigera except the central angle to the sacculus is absent . the aedeagus vesica bears two cornuti , one a large spine and the other short , broad , apically rounded and scobinate .\n2 ( slide 5342 ) , 4 ( slides 5203 , 5424 ) borneo : sabah , danum valley , 5 \u00ba 01\u2019n , 117 \u00ba 47\u2019e , 14 . ix and 15 . x . 1987 , 100 and 150m ( a . h . kirk - spriggs ) , roadside secondary forest and understorey forest .\nthe male genitalia have valves of the peloa type but the saccular apex is evenly curved rather than sinuous , and the valve apex is cleaver - shaped . the aedeagus vesica has only general scobination , no large cornuti . the female has a bursa that is longitudinally bilobed , the smaller basal part thickened , the larger distal part densely filled with small spines .\nthe species is rare , four specimens being taken in recent surveys : at semongok near kuching ; at 50m in alluvial forest near g . mulu ; at 600m at poring hot springs and on g . trus madi .\nasura asaphes hampson , 1900 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . , 2 : 451 .\npeninsular malaysia , sumatra , borneo , java ( van eecke , 1930 ) .\n8mm . the facies is as in cuneigera , but the genitalia indicate this is a distinct species . the sacculus of the valve has a central interior angle and a straight , tapering apical process . the aedeagus vesica has a single massive cornutus .\nsarawak : kuching , semongok , 3 - 9 . ii . 1976 ( e . w . classey ) , bm arctiid slide 5328 .\nthe type locality is an area of forest amid general cultivation in the lowlands of sarawak ."]}
{"id": 1333, "summary": [{"text": "the square-spotted clay ( xestia stigmatica ) is a moth of the noctuidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in most of europe , transcaucasia , caucasus , kazachstan , northern turkey and northern iran .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 37 \u2013 44 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "distinguished from other xestia by the broad forewing coloured greyish dark brown ( sometimes purple-tinted ) and the irregular broad dark band between the wavy line and the outer cross line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from in august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on a variety of plants such as rubus fruticosus , urtica dioica , prunus spinosa , primula and betula . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "xestia stigmatica", "paragraphs": ["square - spotted clay ( xestia stigmatica ) ( = xestia rhomboidea ) - norfolk moths - the macro and micro moths of norfolk .\nxestia ( megasema ) triangulum ( hufnagel , 1766 ) = xestia rhomboidea esper , 1790 = phalaena triangulum hufnagel , 1766 = intermedia tutt , 1892 = obscurior s\u00e4lzl , 1928 = xestia ( megasema ) triangulum .\na local and elusive species , with a scattered distribution mainly in the south of england , but also with some localities in northern england , wales and scotland .\nthe caterpillar has only recently been found in britain for the first time in the wild . the actual foodplants are not yet fully understood , but are probably a variety of plants such as bramble (\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 16 01 : 47 : 57 page render time : 0 . 4340s total w / procache : 0 . 4724s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwidespread but local , the brecklands of norfolk and suffolk being one of its key national strongholds .\nbroadleaved woodland on chalk , gravel or clay , hedgerows , heathland , scrub .\none little known way of finding this species is to search for the adult at the flowers of burdock after dark .\nrecorded in 48 ( 70 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1873 . last recorded in 2017 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 3 . 2 / / en\nthe larva lives on a variety of herbaceous plants and grasses , after hibernation also on arboreous plants . hibernates as a small larva and pupates in a cocoon in the earth .\nthe adults fly in one generation a year ; from early july till late august . they come to light and sugar .\nbelgium , namur , wavreille , 03 august 2007 . ( photo \u00a9 chris steeman )\nthe galleries below lead you to information pages for every species recorded on naturespot .\nif needed , after selecting from the menu below , click on the small arrow beside the group entry to see a submenu of families .\nbagworth & thornton barlestone barwell blaby bottesford braunstone broughton astley burbage burton on the wolds cadeby carlton clawson , hose and harby cotes desford earl shilton glen parva glenfield great glen groby hathern higham on the hill hugglescote and donington l . . . kibworth knighton ward market bosworth markfield nailstone newbold verdon osbaston osgathorpe peckleton prestwold quorndon ratby sapcote shackerstone sheepy stanton - under - bardon stoke golding sutton cheney thurlaston twycross welham witherley woodhouse wymeswold go\nalbania , austria , belgium , great britain , hungary , germany , denmark , greece , ireland , italy , latvia , lithuania , luxembourg , netherlands , norway , poland , slovakia and the soviet union - the european part , finland , france , czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia .\naustria , belgium , bulgaria , great britain , hungary , germany , greece , denmark , spain , italy , latvia , lithuania , luxembourg , norway , poland , romania , sicily , slovakia , the soviet union - the european part of france , the czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia , yugoslavia .\nregions of the russian federation : the volga - don , east caucasus , gorno - altaisk , the european north - west , the european central black earth , the european central european south taiga , the western caucasus , kaliningrad , krasnoyarsk , prealtay , of baikal , mid - volzhsky , average - uralsky , sredneobskaya , tuva , south west siberian , south ural .\nalbania , andorra , belarus , belgium , bulgaria , the british isles , france , germany , greece ( mainland ) , denmark ( mainland ) , ireland , spain ( mainland ) , italy ( mainland ) , latvia , liechtenstein , lithuania luxembourg , moldova , netherlands , norway ( mainland ) , the channel islands , poland , russia , romania , northern ireland , sicily , slovakia , ukraine , finland , france ( mainland ) , croatia , czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia .\n[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )\n[ 85 ] urltoken ( insecta . pro previous version / c\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f insecta . pro )\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nthe left pane presents a taxonomic list of taxa at ranks below family and above species .\nthe list only shows taxa that have matching specimens available in the digitized research collection ."]}
{"id": 1366, "summary": [{"text": "tyspanodes nigrolinealis is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by moore in 1867 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in india ( sikkim ) and cambodia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 34 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are orange , with a black spot at the base and two in the end of the cell .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are black streaks in all the interspaces .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are black . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "tyspanodes nigrolinealis", "paragraphs": ["tyspanodes warren , 1891 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 7 ( 41 ) : 425 ; ts : filodes nigrolinealis moore\nfilodes nigrolinealis moore , 1867 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1867 : 95 ; tl : sikkim\ndiathraustodes hemileucalis hampson , 1897 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1897 : 204 ; tl : cedar bay , cooktown , queensland\npropachys linealis moore , [ 1868 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1867 : 665 , pl . 33 , f . 17\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\na revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 1\nwarren , 1891 descriptions of new genera and species of pyralidae contained in the british museum collection ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 7 ( 41 ) : 423 - 437 , 7 ( 42 ) : 494 - 501 , 8 ( 43 ) : 61 - 70\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nnew version of the portal has been deployed , some features are still under development and may not work temporarily .\nwe would like to know your feedback and any ideas on making this group a more interesting and a happening place . we are thankful for your wonderful contribution to this group and would like to hear from you soon .\nsource : loarie et al . inaturalist standard places v1 . 0 urltoken ( link )\nboundary source : loarie et al . inaturalist standard places v1 . 0 urltoken ( link )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy ."]}
{"id": 1373, "summary": [{"text": "petasina filicina is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family hygromiidae , the hairy snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "petasina filicina", "paragraphs": ["petasina ( filicinella ) filicina subsp . filicina ( l . pfeiffer , 1841 )\npetasina ( filicinella ) filicina subsp . filicina ( l . pfeiffer , 1841 ) | fauna europaea\npesi portal - petasina ( filicinella ) filicina ( l . pfeiffer , 1841 )\npetasina ( filicinella ) filicina ( l . pfeiffer , 1841 ) | fauna europaea\nmollusca slovenska : mikul\u00e1\u0161 j . lisick\u00fd : free download , borrow , and streaming : internet archive\nlisick\u00fd m . ( 1991 ) . mollusca slovenska . veda , vydavate\u013estvo slovenskej akad\u00e9mie vied . 244 pp . isbn 80 - 224 - 0232 - x . english summary : mollusca of slovakia the study examines data of distribution of extant species of molluscs from slovakia and eastern moravia . list of errata is at the end of the book all errata from this list are in the scanned book marked by a pencil . \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435 : \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0438\nabout the author : rndr . mikul\u00e1\u0161 j . lisick\u00fd , csc . ( * 1946\u2013\u20202008 )\ndistribution of extant species of molluscs ( mollusca ) from slovakia and eastern moravia .\ncopyright holder released mollusca slovenska under the creative commons attribution 3 . 0 license in august 2012 . see biography of the author at web pages of czech and slovak malacologists ( str\u00e1nky \u010desk\u00fdch a slovensk\u00fdch malakolog\u016f ) . original publisher of the book has no objections about publishing this book online .\nthis is one of the best books about molluscs of slovakia . it includes distribution of molluscs ( gastropods and bivalves ) of slovakia , references to all data and distribution maps of species . all species are also sorted into ecological groups , into a group according to its geographical point of view and other criteria .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nthis species lives within a relatively wide range and there are several known subpopulations . identified threats do not affect the whole population significantly at present and there is no evidence to suggest that the extent of occurrence ( eoo ) , area of occupancy ( aoo ) , number of locations , number of subpopulations or the number of mature individuals are declining or extremely fluctuating . therefore , it is assessed as least concern ( lc ) .\nthis species has also been assessed at the regional level as : eu27 regional assessment : least concern ( lc ) at the level of the 27 member states of the european union . european regional assessment : least concern ( lc ) .\n1995 ) to central bosnia and western serbia ( moellendorff 1873 , so\u00f3s 1943 ) . its range includes the drainages of the drava and sava rivers . there are isolated occurrences in the inovec mountains ( western slovakia ) and in the v\u00e9rtes mountains ( hungary ) .\nthere are several known locations ( klemm 1973 , lisicky 1991 , pint\u00e9r and suara 2004 , so\u00f3s 1943 , prockow 2009 ) , but this might underestimate the real number of existing subpopulations . there is no reason to suppose that the extent of occurrence ( eoo ) , area of occupancy ( aoo ) or the number of locations are declining or extremely fluctuating .\nwithin its relatively large range , this species does not seem to be rare . however , due to its special habitat preference , the population is fragmented . the species ' range is not satisfactorily explored and there are no data on population trend . however , forest habitats are known to be diminishing in some regions therefore one might suppose that number of subpopulations or the number of mature individuals are declining .\nthis is a silvicol species with a preference for humid , deciduous forests which are relatively ancient and untouched by man . it lives on the ground among leaf - litter , under stones or decaying dead wood .\ndeforestation and disturbance of the forests are the main threat to this species . however , considering the relatively large geographical range of this species , local logging or recreational activities are not thought to affect the whole population significantly .\nthe species is not protected at a national level in the countries where it occurs . some of the subpopulations live within protected areas such as in the mecsek mountains and v\u00e9rtes mountains in hungary , however no conservation actions are currently required for this species .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\npfeiffer , l . 1841 . symbolae ad historiam heliceorum . - pp . 1 - 88 . cassellis . ( th . fischer ) .\nshell horny brownish with whitish band at the keel in the first whorls , transparent but solid , striated , often with soft hairs but not granulated , 5 . 5 - 6 convex whorls , regularly increasing , first whorls keeled , last whorl initially with edge at periphery , more rounded near aperture , lower side relatively flat , aperture with lip inside , stronger at basal side , weaker and reddish or whitish at upper side , visible from outside as a yellow structure , aperture flattened at lower side , umbilicus narrow and partly covered by the reflected columellar margin . larger than trochulus edentulus and t . unidentatus .\nshady habitats in the herbal layer in highlands and lower mountain forests , often in river valleys .\nin italy only in alpi giulie and carso . references : westerlund 1889 : 46 , pavlovi\u0107 1912 : 35 ( w serbia , bosnensis ) , tomi\u0107 1959 : 18 , falkner 1990 : 206 , manganelli et al . 1995 : 27 , falkner et al . 2001 : 58 , pro\u0107k\u00f3w 2009 : 125 , welter - schultes 2012 : 561 ( range map ) .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto receive our reports ( print and / or electronic ) and quarterly e - newsletter .\ncookies are not enabled . you must enable cookies before you can log in .\ntemplate updated on 09 may 2018 14 : 41 from version 18 . 4 . 26\nthe european environment agency ( eea ) is an agency of the european union . legal notice\nwe use cookies to record some preference settings and to analyse how visitors use our web site . cookies do not contain any personal information about you . if you wish , see how to delete / disable cookies in your web browser . see also our privacy policy .\naccording to falkner ( 1995 ) , the correct year of description is 1859 , which is accepted here . according to animalbase , it was mentioned in 1859 just as a nomen nudum and valid date of description is 1860 ( animalbase ) .\n, but according to polinski ( 1924 ) , it is a distinct species . there are two accepted subspecies :\nthis species lives within a relatively wide range and there are several known subpopulations . the identified threats of deforestation and disturbance do not affect the whole population significantly and there is no evidence that the extent of occurrence ( eoo ) , area of occupancy ( aoo ) , number of locations , number of subpopulations or the number of mature individuals are declining or extremely fluctuating . therefore , it is assessed as least concern ( lc ) .\nthis species is distributed in the eastern carpathians and in the apuseni mountains . distribution data are provided by polinski ( 1924 ) , so\u00f3s ( 1943 ) , grossu ( 1983 ) , wiktor ( 2004 ) , lisicky ( 1991 ) , kerney et al . ( 1983 ) , feh\u00e9r et al . ( 2008 ) and prockow ( 2009 ) . there is also a recently found and therefore unpublished hungarian occurrence ( r . farkas , in prep . ) . there are several known locations and at the present moment there is no evidence that the extent of occurrence ( eoo ) , area of occupancy ( aoo ) or the number of locations are declining or extremely fluctuating .\nwithin its relatively large range , this species does not seem to be rare . however , due to its special habitat preference , the population is fragmented . the species ' range is not satisfactorily explored and there are no data on population trend . however , forest habitats are known to diminish in that region therefore one might suppose that number of subpopulations or the number of mature individuals are declining .\ndeforestation and disturbance of the forests are the main threat to this species . however , considering its relatively large geographial range , local logging or recreational activities do not affect the whole population significantly .\nthis species is protected in poland and several known subpopulations live within protected areas . no further conservation actions are required for this species at this time .\nconservation status iucn : lc ; rdbukr : \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456 ; endemic this species is protected in poland ."]}
{"id": 1377, "summary": [{"text": "tanygona is a genus of moth in the family cosmopterigidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it contains only one species , tanygona lignicolorella , which is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arkansas , florida , illinois , indiana , kentucky , maryland , massachusetts , mississippi , north carolina , ohio , south carolina and tennessee .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 8 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing from april to august . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "tanygona", "paragraphs": ["a tanygona lignicolorella in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 6 / 20 / 2007 ) . photo by bob patterson . ( mbp list )\na tanygona lignicolorella in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 7 / 3 / 2017 ) . verified by khyl austin / bugguide . photo by barbara thurlow . ( mbp list )\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhodges , r . w . , 1978 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 6 . 1 , p . 39 ; pl . 3 . 16 . order\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nbraun , a . f . , 1923 . microlepidoptera : notes and new species .\nmicrolepidoptera : notes and new species annette f . braun . 1923 . transactions of the american entomological society . 49 ( 2 ) .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nuse of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nthalerura swinhoe , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1894 ( 1 ) : 175 ; ts : timandra goniaria felder & rogenhofer\nthalerura prasina warren , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 2 ) : 392 ; tl : bhutan\nthalerura marginata warren , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 2 ) : 392 ; tl : bhutan\ngelasma albistrigata warren , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : japan\nmaxates coelataria trychera prout , 1933 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 12 : 111\nmaxates coelataria ; [ aucl ] ; [ mob9 ] : 275 , f . 354 , 364 , pl . 9\nmaxates dysides prout , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) : 256\nmaxates dysides ; [ mob9 ] : 276 , f . 349 , pl . 9\nmaxates thetydaria ; [ mob9 ] : 276 , f . 352 , 366 , pl . 9\nthalerura veninotata warren , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 4 ) : 678 ; tl : khasia hills\nmaxates veninotata ; [ mob9 ] : 276 , f . 348 , pl . 9\ntimadra goniaria felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 128 , f . 3 ; tl : bengal , kalitunga\ngelasma waterstradti prout , 1933 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 12 : 77\nmaxates waterstradti ; [ mob9 ] : 277 , f . 346 , pl . 9\nmaxates melinau holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 277 , f . 241 , 347 , pl . 9 ; tl : sarawak , gunung mulu nat . park\nmaxates iridescoides holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 277 , f . 361 , pl . 9 ; tl : sarawak , gunung mulu nat . park\nmaxates magnipuncta ; [ mob9 ] : 278 , f . 355 , pl . 9\nmaxates submontana holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 278 , f . 350 , pl . 9 ; tl : sarawak , gunung mulu nat . park\ngelasma korintjiensis prout , 1933 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 12 : 95\nmaxates korintjiensis ; [ mob9 ] : 278 , f . 351 , pl . 9\nmaxates melancholica ; [ mob9 ] : 278 , f . 356 , pl . 9\nmaxates tristis holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 279 , f . 353 ; tl : sarawak , gunung mulu nat . park\ngelasma hemitheoides marculenta prout , 1933 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 12 : 96\nmaxates marculenta ; [ mob9 ] : 279 , f . 362 , pl . 9\ngelasma hemitheoides ; holloway , 1976 , moths of borneo with special reference to mt . kinabalu : 62\nmaxates lugubriosa holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 279 , f . 359 , 365 , pl . 9 ; tl : sarawak , gunung mulu nat . park\nmaxates variegata holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 280 , f . 358 , pl . 9 ; tl : sarawak , gunung mulu nat . park\nmaxates obliterata holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 280 , f . 363 , pl . 9 ; tl : sarawak , gunung mulu nat . park\nmaxates muluensis holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 280 , f . 360 , pl . 9 ; tl : sarawak , gunung mulu nat . park\nmaxates seria holloway , 1996 ; [ mob9 ] : 281 , f . 357 ; tl : brunei , 3m , seria\nmaxates axyra ; han & xue , 2009 , ent . science 12 ( 4 ) : ( 482 - 410 )\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nhistoire naturelle des insectes . species g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e9res . volume 9 . uranides et phal\u00e9nites\n( uranides & phalenides ) : pl . 1 - 10 , ( uranides ) pl . 1 ( 1858 ) ,\n( uranides , phalenides , siculides ) : pl . 12 - 22 , ( 1858 ) pl .\nreise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera\n- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .\ndie gross - schmetterlinge der erde ; die gross - schmetterlinge des indoaustralischen faunengebieten ; 12 . band : die indoaustralischen spanner in seitz ,\nwarren , 1895 new species and genera of geometridae in the tring museum novit . zool . 2 ( 2 ) : 82 - 159\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\npalpi porrect , where the second joint thickly scaled and reaching beyond the frons . third joint naked . fore wings with highly arched costa towards apex . the outer margin usually highly crenulate and excised between veins 4 and 6 . veins 3 , 4 and 7 t 10 stalked . vein 11 anastomosing with vein 12 . hind wings quadrate , with margin highly crenulate and produced to a point at vein 6 , and tail at vein 4 . veins 3 , 4 and 6 , 7 stalked .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 7 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a fact about tanygrisiau ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for tanygrisiau ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 1382, "summary": [{"text": "rupela sejuncta is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by heinrich in 1937 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from alabama , florida , oklahoma and texas .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 28 \u2013 33 mm for males and 25 \u2013 30 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the wings are shining white .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from march to july and from september to november . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "rupela sejuncta", "paragraphs": ["rupela sejuncta heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 373 , pl . 26 , f . 14 - 14c , pl . 32 , f . 39 ; tl : harris co . , texas\nrupela nivea walker , 1863 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 28 : 524\nrupela ( schoenobiinae ) ; heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 356 ; [ nacl ] , 75 ; [ globiz ]\nrupela adunca heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 374 , pl . 27 , f . 16 - 16c ; tl : bolivia\nrupela bendis heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 378 , pl . 29 , f . 21 ; tl : aroa , venezuela\nrupela faustina heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 380 , pl . 29 , f . 22 ; tl : cabima , panama\nrupela jana heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 381 , pl . 31 , f . 38 ; tl : chaco , argentina\nrupela lara heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 382 , pl . 32 , f . 40 ; tl : cabima , panama\nrupela herie heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 381 , pl . 30 , f . 27 ; tl : georgetown , british guiana\nrupela orbona heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 384 , pl . 31 , f . 35 ; tl : mackenzie , british guiana\nrupela liberta heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 364 , pl . 23 , f . 4 - 4c ; tl : durango , mexico\nrupela vexativa heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 371 , pl . 25 , f . 11 - 11c ; tl : quirigua , guatemala\nrupela scitula heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 374 , pl . 26 , f . 15 - 15c ; tl : tucuman , argentina\nrupela antonia heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 378 , pl . 30 , f . 31 ; tl : sixola river , costa rica\nrupela drusilla heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 379 , pl . 29 , f . 24 ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela edusa heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 379 , pl . 30 , f . 29 ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela gaia heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 380 , pl . 30 , f . 28 ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela procula heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 384 , pl . 32 , f . 41 ; tl : sta . catherina , brazil\nrupela lumaria heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 375 , pl . 27 , f . 17 - 17c ; tl : carillo , costa rica\nrupela canens heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 379 , pl . 29 , f . 23 ; tl : sao paulo de olivenca , brazil\nrupela labeosa heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 363 , pl . 22 , f . 3 - 3d ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela pallidula heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 365 , pl . 23 , f . 5 - 5d ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela saetigera heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 367 , pl . 24 , f . 8 - 8c ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela cornigera heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 371 , pl . 25 , f . 12 - 12b ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela imitativa heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 372 , pl . 26 , f . 13 - 13c ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela spinifera heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 377 , pl . 28 , f . 19 - 19c ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela monstrata heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 377 , pl . 28 , f . 20 - 20c ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela candace heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 382 , pl . 29 , f . 25 - 25a ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela nereis heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 383 , pl . 31 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : castro , paran\u00e1 , brazil\nrupela albinella ; heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 362 , pl . 22 , f . 2 - 2d , pl . 29 , f . 26 - 26b\nrupela gibbera heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 367 , pl . 24 , f . 7 - 7d ; tl : moengo , boven , cortica river , surinam\nrupela maenas heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 383 , pl . 31 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : ponte nova ( rio xingu ) , brazil\nrupela segrega heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 366 , pl . 23 , f . 6 - 6d , pl . 30 , f . 32 ; tl : south bay , lake okeechobee , florida\nrupela horridula heinrich , 1937 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 376 , pl . 27 , f . 18 - 18f , pl . 33 , f . 47 ; tl : campo bello , rio de janeiro , brazil\nrupela leucatea ; heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 360 , pl . 22 , f . 1 - 1d , pl . 30 , f . 30 , pl . 33 , f . 44 - 45 , 48\nrupela tinctella ; heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 368 , pl . 24 , f . 9 - 9c , pl . 32 , f . 42 - 43 , pl . 33 , f . 46 ; [ nacl ] , # 5311\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\n= scirpophaga ; hampson , 1896 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1895 : 912\npuerto rico , jamaica , cuba , hispaniola , martinique , antiqua , mexico , guatemala , nicaragua , panama , honduras , trinidad , venezuela , guianas , brazil , argentina , paraguay , peru . see [ maps ]\nlarva on echinochloa polystachya heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 361\nmexico , british honduras , guatemala , honduras , costa rica , guianas , brazil , colombia , ecuador , peru . see [ maps ]\nalbinella ( stoll , [ 1781 ] ) ; in cramer , uitl . kapellen 4 ( 29 - 31 ) : pl . 372 , f . d ; tl : surinam\nflorida , mexico , cuba , guianas , trinidad , brazil ( paran\u00e1 ) , paraguay , n . argentina . see [ maps ]\npanama , brazil ( paran\u00e1 , par\u00e1 ) , argentina ( gran chaco , goya , villa ana ) . see [ maps ]\nruplea nivea ; heinrich , 1937 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 84 ( 3019 ) : 370 , pl . 25 , f . 10 - 10c\nbrazil ( rio de janeiro ) , guianas , trinidad . see [ maps ]\npanama , guianas , brazil , peru , paraguay , argentina ( chaco , goya , villa ana ) . see [ maps ]\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nzeller , 1863 chilonidarum et crambidarum genera et species chil . cramb . gen . spec . : 56pp\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome ."]}
{"id": 1390, "summary": [{"text": "wiseana mimica is a species of moth belonging to the family hepialidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by philpott in 1923 , and is endemic to new zealand .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "the wingspan is 29 \u2013 40 mm for males and 41 \u2013 48 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the colour of the forewings varies , but is usually dark brown .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from september to february . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "wiseana mimica", "paragraphs": ["wiseana copularis male , koromiko , northern south island . image courtesy of phil bendle\u00a9\nwe sequenced 1718 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase genes for all wiseana species and haplotypes using 75 specimens collected from 42 sites throughout new zealand . two identification methods were developed ; the high - resolution melt method uses 106 bp of the cytochrome oxidase i gene , and the restriction fragment polymorphism method uses a larger 700 bp region from the same gene . validation was performed on a further 275 specimens . melt curve profiles varied more with population heterogeneity than digest results . in both methods , w . mimica and w . jocosa were inseparable . w . fuliginea grouped with w . mimica and w . jocosa in the restriction method , but the melt curve profile differed .\nopen ground or forest clearings except for wiseana jocosa that may also occur in forest and shrublands ( dugdale , 1994 ) .\ngenetic variation within species and haplotypes of the wiseana ( lepidoptera : hepialidae ) complex and development of non - sequenced based identification tools to aid field studies .\ngenetic variation within species and haplotypes of the wiseana ( lepidoptera : hepialidae ) complex and development of non - sequenced based identificat . . . - pubmed - ncbi\nporina is the common name used to describe moths and caterpillars of the seven endemic species and three haplotypes of wiseana in new zealand . several species have adapted to eating introduced pasture plants ; however , a paucity of defining morphological characteristics has meant that porina are grouped as indistinguishable species within a complex . this study aimed to develop non - sequencing identification methods for porina species .\nyoung larvae live among leaf litter on the ground surface for 6 - 8 weeks and may feed on dead or dying plant leaves , but no detailed observations have been made ( grehan , 1989 , dugdale , 1994 ) . older instars excavate vertical tunnels in soil and feed at night on ground foliage of grasses and herbs . root - feeding may occur , but no direct observations have been made . large numbers of adults may emerge with the onset of a frontal weather system or after a warm day with cloudy nights and an air temperature of about 8\u00b0c . several wiseana species are economically significant because late instar larvae may be present in sufficient densities to compete with stock for spring pasture grown . pasture damage by wiseana larvae at 30 late - instar larvae per square meter is equivalent to the grazing of one ewe per hectare for 280 days ( dugdale , 1994 ) . practical constraints on implimentation of control measures are discussed by ferguson & peoples ( 2013 ) .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nscott , r . r . ; emberson , r . m . 1999 : handbook of the new zealand insect names : common and scientific names for insects and alllied organisms . bulletin of the entomological society of new zealand 12 : 100pp\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nrichards nk 1 , mansfield s 1 , townsend rj 1 , ferguson cm 2 .\nuntil now , ecological studies of porina at the species level have been implausible . our non - sequencing based methods allow rapid identification of moths and caterpillars to species and haplotype level , paving the way for ecological studies of pasture pest species and the development of species - specific mitigation strategies . \u00a9 2017 society of chemical industry .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnielsen , e . s . , g . s . robinson , d . l . wagner . 2000 . ghost - moths of the world : a global inventory and bibliography of the exoporia ( mnesarchaeoidea and hepialoidea ) ( lepidoptera ) . journal of natural history 34 ( 6 ) : 823 - 878 .\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nrevised by dugdale ( 1994 ) . monophyletic by male genitalia with narrow dorsal flange of the pseudotegumen with a bridge or partially bridged ventral pseudoteguminal processes , and a hood - like development of the dorsolateral pseudoteguminal base . larval morphology is described by dugdale ( 1994 ) . the popular name of \u2018porina\u2019 for these species derives from most species originally being placed in the genus porina ( dugdale , 1994 ) .\nbarrett , b . i . p . , f . f . van toor , cm . ferguson & k . m . stewart . 1990 .\ngrub and porina in otago and southland : a guide to management and control .\nlarval populations in pasture , lake pounui , new zealand . entomology class field trip"]}
{"id": 1391, "summary": [{"text": "metathrinca iridostoma is a moth in the xyloryctidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by alexey diakonoff in 1968 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found on luzon in the philippines .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 17 \u2013 18 mm for males and 16 \u2013 17 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are snow white , with a silky gloss and with the basal fourth of the costa with a narrow marginal fuscous line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are glossy silvery white . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "metathrinca iridostoma", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for iridostoma definition . you find here iridostoma meaning , synonyms of iridostoma and images for iridostoma copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word iridostoma . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word iridostoma and , of course , iridostoma synonyms and on the right images related to the word iridostoma .\nmetathrinca iridostoma diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 117 ; tl : luzon , mt makiling\npreparation : pinned remarks : m17 stage : adult taxonomy : animalia arthropoda insecta lepidoptera xyloryctidae xyloryctinae published name : metathrinca iridostoma diakonoff , 1968 see more items in : species inventory entomology data source : nmnh - entomology dept . edan - url : edanmdm : nmnhentomology _ 12264554\nmetathrinca meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 625 ; ts : ptochoryctis ancistrias meyrick\nmetathrinca coenophyes diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 119 ; tl : luzon , mt . apo\nmetathrinca meihuashana wang , zheng & li , 2000 ; entomotaxonomia 22 ( 3 ) : ( 229 - 234 ) ; tl : mt . meihuashan , fujian\nmetathrinca memnon meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 778 ; tl : hambantota ; maskeliya , ceylon\nmetathrinca sinumbra diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 120 ; tl : luzon , benguet , klondyke , 800ft\nmetathrinca argentea wang , zheng & li , 2000 ; entomotaxonomia 22 ( 3 ) : ( 229 - 234 ) ; tl : mt . jigonshan , xinyang , henan , 700m\nmetathrinca fopingensis wang , zheng & li , 2000 ; entomotaxonomia 22 ( 3 ) : ( 229 - 234 ) ; tl : dagupping , foping co . , shaanxi , 1000m\nmetathrinca pernivis diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 118 ; tl : mindanao , davao prov . , maco , tagum\nmetathrinca ophiura meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 626 ; tl : muskeliya ; puttalam ; eppawela ; wellawaya ; galle , ceylon\nfigures 585 - 592 . \u2014 - xyluryctijae : 5s5 , amurbaea subusta , new species , ? , holotype ; 586 , metathrinca iridostoma , new species , cf , holotype ; 587 , m . coenophyes , new species , cf , holotype ; 588 , allotype ; 589 , m . pernivis , new species , d ^ , holotype ; 590 , m . sinumbra , new species , cf , holotype ; 591 , odites perissa meyrick , cf ; 592 , 0 . perissa atrimersa , cf , holotype . 237 - 168\u201467 - - 28\ndoctype html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nthe bookreader requires javascript to be enabled . please check that your browser supports javascript and that it is enabled in the browser settings . you can also try one of the other formats of the book .\nptochoryctis ancistrias meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 2 ) : 403 ; tl : maskeliya ; puttalam , ceylon\nptochoryctis ceromorpha meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 612 ; tl : assam , shillong\nptochryctis illuvialis meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 778 ; tl : khasis\nintacta ( meyrick , 1938 ) ( ptochoryctis ) ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 14\nloranthivora ( meyrick , 1937 ) ( ptochoryctis ) ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 150\nptochoryctis parabola meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 778 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft\nptochoryctis rosaria meyrick , 1907 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 3 ) : 740 ; tl : bhotan\nptochoryctis tsugensis kearfott , 1910 ; can . ent . 42 ( 10 ) : 347\nlarva on tsuga sieboldi kearfott , 1910 , can . ent . 42 ( 10 ) : 348\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthe source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .\nwould you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .\nit will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .\ni use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .\nof perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .\nbasis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nauthors : united states national museum ; smithsonian institution ; united states . dept . of the interior\npublisher : washington : smithsonian institution press , [ etc . ] ; for sale by the supt . of docs . , u . s . govt print . off .\nclick here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book .\nplease note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work ."]}
{"id": 1394, "summary": [{"text": "chalcoela iphitalis , the sooty-winged chalcoela , is a member of the crambidae family that occurs throughout north america .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "they are seen as far south as california and south carolina and as north as ontario .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "adults can be seen from may to august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the head , body and front portion of the forewings are yellow-orange while the hindwing and back portion of the forewings are grey and silver .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the back edge of the hindwing has black spots .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the larvae are parasitoid , feeding on the larvae of paper wasps , including species such as polistes dominulus .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "polistes exclamans , polistes metricus , and mischocyttarus flavitarsis .", "topic": 19}, {"text": "for example , m. flavitarsis nests are often invaded by these moths at night because the wasps can not see them .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the moths migrate among the cells , consuming wasp larvae and pupae .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they will then lay their larvae , which spin cocoons in empty cells .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "m. flavitarsis do not attempt to rid the nest of the parasite .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "instead , they will continue as a nest or abandon and renest elsewhere . ", "topic": 28}], "title": "chalcoela iphitalis", "paragraphs": ["species chalcoela iphitalis - sooty - winged chalcoela - hodges # 4895 - bugguide . net\nchalcoela iphitalis ; ypm ent 717490 ; north america ; usa ; connecticut ; new haven county ; bethany , 25 brookwood road ; douglas i . relyea ; 1999 - 08 - 26\nchalcoela iphitalis ; ypm ent 717489 ; north america ; usa ; connecticut ; new haven county ; bethany , 25 brookwood road ; douglas i . relyea ; 1999 - 07 - 14\nchalcoela iphitalis ; ypm ent 717474 ; north america ; usa ; connecticut ; new haven county ; bethany , 25 brookwood road ; douglas i . relyea ; 2005 - 08 - 21\nchalcoela iphitalis ; ypm ent 717475 ; north america ; usa ; connecticut ; new haven county ; bethany , 25 brookwood road ; douglas i . relyea ; 2007 - 08 - 24\nchalcoela iphitalis ; ypm ent 717492 ; north america ; usa ; connecticut ; new haven county ; bethany , 25 brookwood road ; douglas i . relyea ; 2002 - 07 - 08\nchalcoela iphitalis ; ypm ent 721026 ; north america ; usa ; connecticut ; new haven county ; bethany , 25 brookwood road ; douglas i . relyea ; 2002 - 08 - 24\nzeller , p . c . 1872 . beitr\u00e4ge zur kentniss der nordamericanischen nachtfalter besonders der microlepidopteren . verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 22 : 529 , pl . 2 , f . 2 ( chalcoela aurifera }\nthis research was supported by a tufts institute of the environment fellowship from tufts university to a . a . m . and a usa national science foundation - reu site award to tufts university ( dbi - 0649190 ) . the authors would like to thank codman farms for allowing for the collection of their nests ; j . soriano for his assistance with observations ; m . a . metz ( usda ) for his assistance in identifying c . iphitalis ; and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript . the recent data capture efforts of j . a . lewis facilitated in the relocation of specimens in alcohol .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nadult - head and body yellowish - orange ; large silvery - gray patch covers almost the distal half of the forewing and hindwing ; hindwing rear edge has several black spots .\ncalifornia , arizona , texas to south carolina , north to michigan and ontario .\n. larvae make visable webs on the nest and early instars often can be seen on the web . they overwinter as pupae in the wasp nest pupal chambers .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler 2009 . moths of western north america . university of california press . pl . 22 . 12m , p . 172\nrau , p . 1941 . observations on certain lepidopterous and hymenopterous parasites of polistes wasps . ann . ent . soc . america 34 ( 2 ) : 355 - 366\nfirst detailed report of brood parasitoidism in the invasive population of the paper wasp polistes dominulus . . . a . a . madden , m . m . davis , p . t . sparks . 2010 . insectes sociaux 57 : 257 - 260 .\ncontributed by robin mcleod on 27 august , 2005 - 3 : 59am additional contributions by cotinis , chuck entz , maury heiman , marcie oconnor , randy hardy , robert h . biagi last updated 24 april , 2017 - 12 : 43pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 22 . 12m ; p . 172 . book review and ordering\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nthe european paper wasp polistes dominulus ( christ ) is a model system in the fields of behavioral ecology , ecological immunology , and invasion biology . since its introduction to the us in 1978 , its invasion success has been attributed , in part , to a lack of parasites or parasitoids infecting this population . this is despite the number of parasites which infest the native population and the generalist polistine parasites and parasitoids documented in sympatric north american species . multiple studies have cited low parasite pressure as evidence that the invasive population of p . dominulus is benefiting from a post - invasion release from enemies . here , we present the first well documented case of parasitoidism of the invasive population of p . dominulus in north america .\n( hymenoptera , vespidae ) invading north america : some hypotheses for its rapid spread .\ngamboa g . j . , noble m . a . , thom m . c . , togal j . l . , srinivasan r . and murphy b . d . 2004 . the comparative biology of two sympatric paper wasps in michigan , the native\ngiovanetti m . , cervo r . and turillazzi s . 1996 . comb reutilization in\n( le moli f . , mori a . and grasso d . , eds )\nhughes d . p . , beani l . , turillazzi s . and kathirithamby j . 2003 . prevalence of the parasite\nliebert a . e . , gamboa g . j . , stamp n . e . , curtis t . r . , monnet k . m . , turillazzi s . and starks p . t . 2006 . genetics , behavior and ecology of a paper wasp invasion :\nnannoni a . , cervo r . and turillazzi s . 2001 . foraging activity in european\nqueller d . c . and strassmann j . e . 1988 . reproductive success and group nesting in the paper wasp ,\n( clutton - brock t . h . , ed ) , university of chicago press , chicago usa . 76 - 96 pp\nriley c . v . 1893 . annual address of the president : parasitism in insects .\n( christ ) ( hymenoptera , vespidae , polistinae ) to the host distribution .\nsambaraju k . r . and phillips t . w . 2008 . responses of adult\n( hubner ) ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) to light and combinations of attractants and light .\n( fia fsp project no . y073001 ) . british columbia : ministry of forests and range publication . retrieved from\n( hymenoptera : vespidae ) and possible limitation of multiple foundress associations by parasitoids .\nwhiteman , n . k . and landwer b . h . p . 2000 . parasitoids reared from\n( turillazzi s . and m . j . west - eberhard , eds ) , oxford university press , new york usa . 75 - 97 pp\nbc ministry of environment : bc species and ecosystems explorer - - the authoritative source for conservation information in british columbia .\nrecommended citation : author , date . page title . in klinkenberg , brian . ( editor ) 2017 .\n[ efauna . bc . ca ] . lab for advanced spatial analysis , department of geography , university of british columbia , vancouver . [ accessed :\ndisclaimer : the information contained in an e - fauna bc atlas pages is derived from expert sources as cited ( with permission ) in each section . this information is scientifically based . e - fauna bc also acts as a portal to other sites via deep links . as always , users should refer to the original sources for complete information . e - fauna bc is not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of the original information .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\ncopyright \u00a9 2016 yale university . all rights reserved . privacy policy its , campus community technologies , web technologies"]}
{"id": 1395, "summary": [{"text": "phylomictis lintearia is a moth in the depressariidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by edward meyrick in 1921 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland and new south wales .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 20 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are whitish irrorated fuscous , with the stigmata cloudy , light brownish , the plical rather beyond the first discal .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is an oblique series of two or three small spots of dark grey irroration from the costa to the first and second discal respectively , and a strongly curved subterminal series of similar spots .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are pale grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "phylomictis lintearia", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for lintearia definition . you find here lintearia meaning , synonyms of lintearia and images for lintearia copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word lintearia . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word lintearia and , of course , lintearia synonyms and on the right images related to the word lintearia .\nphylomictis lintearia meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 445 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nphylomictis lintearia ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nphylomictis idiotricha meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 446 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nphylomictis sarcinopa meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 11 ) : 322 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nphylomictis decretoria lucas , 1900 ; proc . r . soc . qd 15 : 160 ; tl : brisbane , queensland\nphylomictis decretoria ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ aucl ]\nphylomictis eclecta ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ aucl ]\nphylomictis leucopelta ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ aucl ]\nphylomictis monochroma ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ aucl ]\nphylomictis palaeomorpha ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ aucl ]\nphylomictis maligna meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 75 ; tl : melbourne , victoria\nphylomictis idiotricha ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nphylomictis maligna ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nphylomictis sarcinopa ; duckworth , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 147 : 19 ( catalog ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nthe adult moths reach a wingspan of about 1 cm . the forewings are grey with lots of little brown chevrons . the hindwings are white shading to pale brown at the margins . the wingspan is about 2 cms .\nvolume 2 , part 14 ( 1921 ) , pp . 445 - 456 .\ncomoscotopa leucopelta lower , 1902 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 26 : 240 ; tl : mount gambier , south australia\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nmeyrick , 1920 ; meyrick , 1921 exotic microlepidoptera . vol . ii exotic microlep . 2 ( 1 ) : 1 - 32 ( 1916 ) , ( 2 ) : 33 - 64 ( 1917 ) , ( 3 ) : 65 - 96 ( 1917 ) , ( 4 ) : 97 - 128 ( 1918 ) , ( 5 ) : 129 - 160 ( 1918 ) , ( 6 ) : 161 - 192 ( 1918 ) , ( 7 ) : 193 - 224 ( 1918 ) , ( 8 ) : 225 - 256 ( 1919 ) , ( 9 ) : 257 - 288 ( 1919 ) , ( 10 ) : 289 - 320 ( 1920 ) , ( 11 ) : 321 - 352 ( 1920 ) , ( 12 ) : 353 - 384 ( 1920 ) , ( 13 ) : 385 - 416 ( 1921 ) , ( 14 ) : 417 - 448 ( 1921 ) , ( 15 ) : 449 - 480 ( 1921 ) , ( 16 ) : 481 - 512 ( 1922 ) , ( 17 ) : 513 - 544 ( 1922 ) , ( 18 ) : 545 - 576 ( 1922 ) , ( 19 ) : 577 - 608 ( 1922 ) , ( 20 ) : 609 - 640 ( 1923 )\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\n\u00a9 2002\u20132012 mdi biological laboratory . all rights reserved . \u00a9 2012\u20132018 mdi biological laboratory & nc state university . all rights reserved . data updated june 26 , 2018 revision 15488"]}
{"id": 1410, "summary": [{"text": "uperoleia is a genus of frogs in the family myobatrachidae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "they are native to northern and eastern australia and southern lowlands of new guinea .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "these are small squat frogs , more commonly known as \" toadlets \" .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "they have glandular skin , often with a pair of raised glands behind each eye , or on the flanks .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "they have bumpy , rough skin giving them the appearance of a small toad , hence the name \" toadlet \" , although they are often called \" gungans \" in queensland .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "there are two distinct types of calls \u2014 uperoleia species make either a \" click \" or a \" squelch \" .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "generally , the \" clicking \" uperoleia have long thin inguinal glands that run along the dorsal surface , while the \" squelching \" uperoleia have round inguinal glands restricted to the posterior half of the dorsal surface .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "it is unusual to find more than one species of \" clickers \" or \" squelchers \" in the same location , although finding one of each is quite frequent in northern australia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the species in this genus show great similarities in body shape and colouration making them difficult to tell apart .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "call analysis is often required to confirm identification .", "topic": 6}, {"text": "this genus is the largest of any in the myobatrachidae family .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "clicking uperoleia include u. glandulosa , u. aspera , u. minima , u. trachyderma , u. lithomoda , u. littlejohni , u. altissima , u. mimula , and u. rugosa .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "the squelching uperoleia include u. russelli , u. saxatilis , u. talpa , u. borealis , u. crassa , and u. inundata .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "the eastern species u. laevigata , u. fusca , u. tyleri , and u. martini are also squelchers , but are distantly related .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the species u. mjobergi , u. micromeles , u. micra , and u. daviesae are distinct from these other groups . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "uperoleia", "paragraphs": ["amphibia , anura , cryptic species , toadlet , uperoleia mahonyi sp . nov .\nuperoleia gray , 1841 , ann . mag . nat . hist . , ser . 1 , 7 : 90 . type species : uperoleia marmorata gray , 1841 , by monotypy .\nin the 2004 frogwatch census uperoleia laevigata was detected in 27 % of all sites monitored .\na new species of australian frog ( myobatrachidae : uperoleia ) from the new south wales mid - north coast sandplains .\nuperoliidae g\u00fcnther , 1858 , proc . zool . soc . london , 1858 : 346 . type genus : uperoleia gray , 1841 .\na new species of australian frog ( myobatrachidae : uperoleia ) from the new south wales mid - north coast sandplains . - pubmed - ncbi\nclemann , n . ( 2015 ) action statement no . 265 , martin\u2019s toadlet ( uperoleia martini ) , department of environment , land , water , and planning , victoria , australia . available from : urltoken 321818 / martins - toadlet - uperoleia - martini . pdf ( accessed 2 nov . 2016 )\nspecies description : doughty p , roberts jd 2008 a new species of uperoleia ( anura : myobatrachidae ) from the northwest kimberley , western australia . zootaxa 1939 : 10 - 18 .\nthis was the first uperoleia species discovered in australia , in 1841 . despite numerous sightings at the time , it has not been recorded since and is now known only from the original specimen .\ndoughty , p . & roberts , j . d . ( 2008 ) a new species of uperoleia ( anura : myobatrachidae ) from the northwest kimberley , western australia . zootaxa , 1939 , 10 - \u201318 .\ntyler , m . j . & davies , m . ( 1984 ) uperoleia gray ( anura : leptodactylidae ) in new guinea . transactions of the royal society of south australia , 108 , 123 - \u2013125 .\ntyler , m . j . , davies , m . & martin , a . a . ( 1981a ) australian frogs of the leptodactylid genus uperoleia gray . australian journal of zoology , 79 , 1\u2013 - 64 .\ndavies , m . & mcdonald , k . r . ( 1985 ) a redefinition of uperoleia rugosa ( andersson ) ( anura : leptodactylidae ) . transactions of the royal society of south australia , 109 , 37\u2013 - 42 .\nspecies description : clulow s , anstis m , keogh js , catullo ra 2016 a new species of australian frog ( myobatrachidae : uperoleia ) from the new south wales mid - north coast sandplains . zootaxa 4184 : 285 - 315 .\ndavies , m . & littlejohn , m . j . ( 1986 ) frogs of the genus uperoleia gray ( anura : leptodactylidae ) in south - eastern australia . transactions of the royal society of south australia , 110 , 111\u2013 - 143 .\ndavies , m . , mcdonald , k . r . & corben , c . ( 1986 ) the genus uperoleia gray ( anura : leptodactylidae ) in queensland , australia . proceedings of the royal society of victoria , 98 , 147 - \u2013188 .\ncatullo , r . a . & keogh , j . s . ( 2014 ) aridification drove repeated episodes of diversification between australian biomes : evidence from a multi - locus phylogeny of australian toadlets ( uperoleia : myobatrachidae ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution , 79 , 106\u2013 - 117 .\nyoung , j . e . , tyler , m . j . & kent , s . a . ( 2005 ) diminuitive new species of uperoleia gray ( anura : myobatrachidae ) from the vicinity of darwin , northern territory , australia . journal of herpetology , 39 , 603\u2013 - 609 .\ncatullo , r . a . , doughty , p . & keogh , j . s . ( 2014a ) a new frog species ( myobatrachidae : uperoleia ) from the northern deserts region of australia , with a redescription of u . trachyderma . zootaxa , 3753 ( 3 ) , 251\u2013 - 262 . urltoken\ndavies , m . , mahony , m . & roberts , j . d . ( 1985 ) a new species of uperoleia ( anura : leptodactylidae ) from the pilbara region , western australia . transactions of the royal society of south australia . transactions of the royal society of south australia , 109 , 103 - \u2013108 .\ncatullo , r . a . , lanfear , r . , doughty , p . & keogh , j . s . ( 2014b ) the biogeographical boundaries of northern australia : evidence from ecological niche models and a multi - locus phylogeny of uperoleia toadlets ( anura : myobatrachidae ) . journal of biogeography , 41 , 659 - \u2013672 .\ncatullo , r . a . , doughty , p . , roberts , j . d . & keogh , j . s . ( 2011 ) multi - locus phylogeny and taxonomic revision of uperoleia toadlets ( anura : myobatrachidae ) from the western arid zone of australia , with a description of a new species . zootaxa , 2902 , 1 - \u201343 .\nthe systematics and biology of some australian species were reviewed by tyler , davies , and martin , 1981 , aust . j . zool . , suppl . ser . , 29 ( 79 ) : 1 - 64 ; davies and littlejohn , 1986 , trans . r . soc . s . aust . , 110 : 111 - 143 ; and davies , mcdonald , and corben , 1986 , proc . r . soc . victoria , 98 : 147 - 188 . see barker , grigg , and tyler , 1995 , field guide aust . frogs . , ed . 2 , for keys and accounts . see comment under spicospina . catullo , doughty , roberts , and keogh , 2011 , zootaxa , 2902 : 1 - 43 , provided a molecular phylogeny , morphological identification key , and accounts of the species . catullo , doughty , and keogh , 2014 , zootaxa , 3753 : 251 - 262 , reported on molecular phylogenetics . catullo and keogh , 2014 , mol . phylogenet . evol . , 79 : 106\u2013117 , provided a multi - locus phylogeny of the species and inferred a biogeography driven by cycles of aridification . these authors noted cases where populations of one species contained the mtdna ( e . g . , some individuals of uperoleia inundata ) of others and other cases where nudna did not recover some species as natural groups ( e . g . , uperoleia borealis , uperoleia lithomoda ) . catullo , lanfear , doughty , and keogh , 2014 , j . biogeograph . , 41 : 659\u2013672 , provided a multilocus phylogeny and biogeography of uperoleia , as well as presenting data on calls and morphology , with special attention to the species of northern australia .\nhosmeria wells and wellington , 1985 , aust . j . herpetol . , suppl . ser . , 1 : 2 . type species : uperoleia marmorata laevigata keferstein , 1867 , by original designation . synonymy by catullo , doughty , roberts , and keogh , 2011 , zootaxa , 2902 : 15 . see also tyler , 1985 , herpetol . rev . , 16 : 69 ; australian society of herpetologists , 1987 , bull . zool . nomencl . , 44 : 116 - 121 ; tyler , 1988 , bull . zool . nomencl . , 45 : 152 ; holthius , 1988 , bull . zool . nomencl . , 45 and decision by iczn ( anonymous , 1991 , bull . zool . nomencl . , 48 : 337 - 338 ) .\namphibian research centre . ( 2005 ) . available online : urltoken s , taustralian frogs database ( 2005 . ) . uperoleia laevigata . available online : urltoken s , tdepartment of environment and heritage , ( 2004 ) . chytridiomycosis factsheet urltoken s , tenvironment act . ( 2004 ) . summary of results . available online : urltoken p , s , tenvironment act . ( 2004 ) . uperleia laevigata ; smooth teoadlet . available online : urltoken s , tzoological parks and gardens board . frog pond checklist . available online : urltoken p , s , tspeare , r et al ( 1998 ) . how to reduce the risks of you transmitting an infectious agent between frogs and between sites . available online : urltoken s , tzoological parks board n > s > w . ( 2005 . ) . asx frog focus . available online : urltoken p , s ( school activity program )\nthe discovery of new vertebrate species in developed countries is still occurring at surprising rates for some taxonomic groups , especially the amphibians and reptiles . while this most often occurs in under - explored areas , it occasionally still happens in well - inhabited regions . we report such a case with the discovery and description of u . mahonyi sp . nov . , a new species of frog from a highly populated region of new south wales , australia . we provide details of its morphology , calls , embryos and tadpoles , and phylogenetic relationships to other species of eastern uperoleia . we also provide the results of targeted surveys to establish its distribution and provide observations of its habitat associations . as a consequence of these surveys , we comment on the likely restricted nature of the species\u2019 distribution and habitat , and place this in the context of a preliminary assessment of its putative conservation status , which should be assessed for listing under the iucn\u2019s red list . we note this species , which is morphologically distinct , has gone unnoticed for many decades despite numerous ecological surveys for local development applications .\nthe discovery of new vertebrate species in developed countries is still occurring at surprising rates for some taxonomic groups , especially the amphibians and reptiles . while this most often occurs in under - explored areas , it occasionally still happens in well - inhabited regions . we report such a case with the discovery and description of u . mahonyi sp . nov . , a new species of frog from a highly populated region of new south wales , australia . we provide details of its morphology , calls , embryos and tadpoles , and phylogenetic relationships to other species of eastern uperoleia . we also provide the results of targeted surveys to establish its distribution and provide observations of its habitat associations . as a consequence of these surveys , we comment on the likely restricted nature of the species ' distribution and habitat , and place this in the context of a preliminary assessment of its putative conservation status , which should be assessed for listing under the iucn ' s red list . we note this species , which is morphologically distinct , has gone unnoticed for many decades despite numerous ecological surveys for local development applications .\n* will not find nomina inquirenda ; use basic search ( above ) for that purpose .\nwill find all uses of\nhyl . . .\nanywhere in a record : e . g . , hylarana , hyla , hylidae , hylinae , hylaedactyla .\nwill find all uses of\n. . . hyla\nanywhere in a record : e . g . , hyla , hylidae , plectrohyla , ptychadena hylaea , adenomera hylaedactyla\nwill find all records that contain stand - alone uses of hyla : e . g . , hyla , hyla arenicolor\ninterprets this as\nlithobates or pipiens\nso will find the union of all records that contain either\nlithobates\nor\npipiens\n: e . g . , lithobates omiltemanus , hylorana pipiens\ninterprets this as\nlithobates and pipiens\nso will return all records that have the character string\nlithobates pipiens\nanywhere within a record : e . g . , all members of the lithobates pipiens complex .\nmyobatrachinae schlegel in gray , 1850 , proc . zool . soc . london , 1850 : 10 . type genus : myobatrachus schlegel , 1850 .\nmyiobatrachidae bonaparte , 1850 , conspect . syst . herpetol . amph . : 1 p . type genus : myiobatrachus bonaparte , 1850 .\nmyiobatrachina \u2014 bonaparte , 1850 , conspect . syst . herpetol . amph . : 1 p . incorrect subsequent spelling .\ncriniae cope , 1866 , j . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia , ser . 2 , 6 : 89 . type genus : crinia tschudi , 1838 .\nuperoleiidae \u2014 keferstein , 1867 , nachr . ges . wiss . g\u00f6ttingen , 18 : 349 .\nuperoliina \u2014 mivart , 1869 , proc . zool . soc . london , 1869 : 291 .\nmyobatrachinae \u2014 parker , 1940 , novit . zool . , 42 : 6 ; laurent , 1980\n1979\n, bull . soc . zool . france , 104 : 417 .\nmyobatrachidae \u2014 lynch , 1973 , in vial ( ed . ) , evol . biol . anurans : 170 ; heyer and liem , 1976 , smithson . contrib . zool . , 233 : 1 ; laurent , 1980\n1979\n, bull . soc . zool . france , 104 : 417 ; davies , 2003 , in duellman ( ed . ) , grzimek ' s animal life enclop . , 6 ( amph . ) : 147 .\nrheobatrachinae heyer and liem , 1976 , smithson . contrib . zool . , 233 : 11 . type genus : rheobatrachus liem , 1973 . synonymy by implication of ford and cannatella , 1993 , herpetol . monogr . , 7 : 105 ; frost , grant , faivovich , bain , haas , haddad , de s\u00e1 , channing , wilkinson , donnellan , raxworthy , campbell , blotto , moler , drewes , nussbaum , lynch , green , and wheeler , 2006 , bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 297 : 195 .\nrheobatrachidae \u2014 laurent , 1980\n1979\n, bull . soc . zool . france , 104 : 401 ; laurent , 1986 , in grass\u00e9 and delsol ( eds . ) , traite de zool . , 14 : 674 .\nmyobatrachoidea \u2014 irisarri , san mauro , abascal , ohler , vences , and zardoya , 2012 , bmc genomics , 13 ( 626 ) : 5 . formal superfamily to contain myobatrachidae and limnodynastidae .\naustralian water frogs ( halliday and adler , 2002 , new encyclop . rept . amph . : 84 ) .\naustralian toadlets ( halliday and adler , 2002 , new encyclop . rept . amph . : 84 ) .\naustralian froglets ( frank and ramus , 1995 , compl . guide scient . common names amph . rept . world : 93 ) .\nground frogs ( wells and wellington , 1989 , aust . herpetologist , 506 : 3 ) .\nparental - care frogs ( ingram , nattrass , and czechura , 1993 , mem . queensland mus . , 33 : 222 ) .\nspicospina roberts , horwitz , wardell - johnson , maxson , and mahony , 1997 ( 1 sp . )\nplease note : these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the american museum of natural history . we are not responsible for their content .\ncopyright \u00a9 1998 - 2018 , darrel frost and the american museum of natural history . all rights reserved .\nhyperolia agassiz , 1846 , nomencl . zool . , fasc . 12 : 384 . unjustified emendation .\nglauertia loveridge , 1933 , occas . pap . boston soc . nat . hist . , 8 : 89 . type species : glauertia russelli loveridge , 1933 , by monotypy . synonymy by tyler , davies , and martin , 1981 , aust . j . zool . , suppl . ser . , 29 ( 79 ) : 9 .\nprohartia wells and wellington , 1985 , aust . j . herpetol . , suppl . ser . , 1 : 3 . type species : pseudophryne fimbrianus parker , 1926 , by original designation . synonymy by catullo , doughty , roberts , and keogh , 2011 , zootaxa , 2902 : 15 . see tyler , 1985 , herpetol . rev . , 16 : 69 ; australian society of herpetologists , 1987 , bull . zool . nomencl . , 44 : 116 - 121 ; tyler , 1988 , bull . zool . nomencl . , 45 : 152 ; holthius , 1988 , bull . zool . nomencl . , 45 and decision by iczn ( anonymous , 1991 , bull . zool . nomencl . , 48 : 337 - 338 ) .\naustralian toadlets ( frank and ramus , 1995 , compl . guide scient . common names amph . rept . world : 95 ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\njustification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , tolerance of a broad range of habitats , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .\nthis australian endemic is known from coastal and inland areas of southeastern queensland , northeastern and central new south wales ( west of the great dividing range ) . the extent of occurrence of the species is approximately 963 , 500km2 .\nthe species is found in dry sclerophyll forest and open woodland and grasslands . it shelters underground emerging after heavy spring and summer rains to breed in flooded grassland or in billabongs and slow - flowing streams . it can tolerate disturbances such as grazing and selective clearing . it breeds in spring and summer in temporary pools . males call from the water\u2019s edge whilst hidden beneath ground debris or in cavities at the base of grass tussocks . in disturbed areas it may call from depressions left in the mud by the hooves of livestock . eggs and larvae are unknown .\nhabitat loss / degradation associated with human settlement and agro - industry farming are major threats .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\njustification : listed as data deficient in view of continuing uncertainty as to its taxonomic status as well as absence of recent information on its extent of occurrence , status and ecological requirements .\nthis species is known only from the original collection site , south of the mouth of prince regent river in the kimberley zone of western australia , australia . the exact locality is not known , so when its range is mapped a large area is covered , within which the exact locality is assumed to be .\njustification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .\nthis australian endemic is currently known from a large area of land stretching across central northern territory , around the region of elliott , and in northwestern queensland , and into a small area of northeastern western australia . the extent of occurrence of the species is approximately 241 , 000km2 .\nthe species is found amongst grassland on blacksoils and grey self - mulching cracking clays . the areas flood during the wet season . breeding biology and tadpoles are unknown .\nthere are no known threats to the species and it occurs in a remote region with little human disturbance .\njean - marc hero , dale roberts , paul horner , richard retallick . 2004 .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nkeferstein , w . 1867 ,\nueber einige neue oder seltene batrachier aus australien und dem tropischen amerika\n, nachrichten von der gesellschaft der wissenschaften zu g\u00f6ttingen , vol . 18 , pp . 341 - 361\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7417cc38 - befd - 4af6 - b9ba - 95224091deb7\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 777cb78c - 685e - 49ae - bcfe - 95618a1bf28a\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 973a668d - 8a07 - 4e9d - b84e - 207d862882d5\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e25fbc28 - d3f5 - 4fe0 - 8e8a - e6f17c1ebbfa\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : d47e5f3b - 54e1 - 4fcb - 907c - bec914b48a29\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 371961\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 5dbd42d9 - 1bec - 4e34 - bc36 - 9460e5408872\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 98c38a62 - ac77 - 45c4 - a155 - b3acd8682369\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b1ab1cd2 - 3a02 - 47a9 - a716 - 592e5c43c7c8\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e3a91b0f - 660e - 485d - ad35 - db213a664aa6\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ae9d1ea3 - 894a - 4b21 - 8c7c - c0e1de2904fa\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 320116\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsimon clulow , marion anstis , j . scott keogh , renee a . catullo\nanstis , m . ( 2013 ) tadpoles and frogs of australia . sydney : new holland publishers .\nbouckaert , r . , heled , j . , k\u00fchnert , d . , vaughan , t . , wu , c . - h . , xie , d . , suchard , m . a . , rambaut , a & drummond , a . j . ( 2014 ) beast 2 : a software platform for bayesian evolutionary analysis . plos comput biol , 10 , e1003537 .\nbyrne , m . , steane , d . a . , joseph , l . , yeates , d . k . , jordan , g . j . , crayn , d . , aplin , a . , cantrill , d . j . , cook , l . g . , crisp , m . d . , keogh , j . s . , melville , j . , moritz , c . , porch , n . , sniderman , j . m . , k . , sunnucks , p . & weston , p . h . ( 2011 ) decline of a biome : evolution , contraction , fragmentation , extinction and invasion of the australian mesic zone biota . journal of biogeography , 38 , 1635 - - - \u20131656 .\nchapple , d . g . , hoskin , c . j . , chapple , s . n . & thompson , m . b . ( 2011 ) phylogeographic divergence in the widespread delicate skink ( lampropholis delicata ) corresponds to dry habitat barriers in eastern australia . bmc evolutionary biology , 11 , 191 .\ncogger , h . g . ( 2014 ) reptiles and amphibians of australia ( 6th ed . ) . reed new holland , sydney .\ndepartment of primary industries ( 2012 ) guidelines for riparian corridors on waterfront land sydney : nsw office of water . available from : urltoken licensing _ approvals _ controlled _ activit ies _ riparian _ corridors . pdf ( accessed 2 nov . 2016 )\ndepartment of sustainability and environment , victoria , australia ( 2013 ) advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in victoria , 2013 . available from : urltoken threatened - vertebrate - fauna _ final - 2013 . pdf ( accessed 2 nov . 2016 )\ndoughty , p . , maryan , b . , donnellan , s . & hutchinson , m . ( 2007a ) a new species of taipan ( elapidae : oxyuranus ) from central australia . zootaxa , 1422 , 45\u2013 - 58 .\ndoughty , p . , maryan , b . , melville , j . & austin , j . ( 2007b ) a new species of ctenophorus ( lacertilia : agamidae ) from lake disappointment , western australia . herpetologica , 63 , 72 - \u201386 .\ndoughty , p . & oliver , p . ( 2013 ) systematics of diplodactylus ( squamata : diplodactylidae ) from the south - western australian biodiversity hotspot : redefinition of d . polyophthalmus and the description of two new species . records of the western australia museum , 28 , 044\u2013 - 065 .\ngosner , k . l . ( 1960 ) a simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification . herpetologica , 16 , 183\u2013 - 190 .\nhoskin , c . j . & couper , p . j . ( 2013 ) a spectacular new leaf - tailed gecko ( carphodactylidae : saltuarius ) from the melville range , north - east australia . zootaxa , 3717 ( 4 ) , 543\u2013 - 558 .\nhutchinson , m . , sistrom , m . , donnellan , s . & hutchinson , r . g . ( 2014 ) taxonomic revision of the australian arid zone lizards gehyra variegata and g . montium ( squamata , gekkonidae ) with description of three new species . zootaxa , 3814 ( 2 ) , 221\u2013 - 241 .\niucn ( 2001 ) iucn red list categories and criteria : version 3 . 1 ( 2nd ed . ) . available from : urltoken technical - documents / categories - and - criteria / 2001 - categories - criteria ( accessed 2 nov . 2016 )\nkatoh , k . , misawa , k . , kuma , k . & miyata , t . ( 2002 ) mafft : a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast fourier transform . nucleic acids research , 30 , 3059\u20133066 .\nlanfear , r . , calcott , b . , ho , s . y . w . & guindon , s . ( 2012 ) partitionfinder : combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses . molecular biology and evolution , 29 , 1695\u2013 - 1701 .\nmeyer , e . , hero , j . - m . , shoo , l . & lewis , b . ( 2006 ) national recovery plan for the wallum sedgefrog and other wallum - dependent frog species . report to department of the environment and water resources , canberra . queensland parks and wildlife service . urltoken\nminh , b . q . , nguyen , m . a . t . & haeseler , a . v . ( 2013 ) ultrafast approximation for phylogenetic bootstrap . molecular biology and evolution , 30 , 1188 - \u20131195 .\nnylander , j . a . a . , wilgenbusch , j . c . , warren , d . l . & swofford , d . l . ( 2008 ) awty ( are we there yet ? ) : a system for graphical exploration of mcmc convergence in bayesian phylogenetics . bioinformatics , 24 , 581 - \u2013583 .\noliver , p . , couper , p . j . & pepper , m . ( 2014a ) independent transitions between monsoonal and arid biomes revealed by systematic revison of a complex of australian geckos ( diplodactylus ; diplodactylidae ) . plos one , 9 , e111895 .\noliver , p . , laver , r . j . , melville , j . & doughty , p . ( 2014b ) a new species of velvet gecko ( oedura : diplodactylidae ) from the limestone ranges of the southern kimberley , western australia . zootaxa , 3873 ( 1 ) , 49\u2013 - 61 .\noliver , p . & parkin , t . ( 2014 ) a new phasmid gecko ( squamata : diplodactylidae : strophurus ) from the arnhem plateau : more new diversity in rare vertebrates from northern australia . zootaxa , 3878 ( 1 ) , 37\u2013 - 48 .\npepper , m . , barquero , m . d . , whiting , m . j . & keogh , j . s . ( 2014 ) a multi - locus molecular phylogeny for australia\u2019s iconic jacky dragon ( agamidae : amphibolurus muricatus ) : phylogeographic structure along the great dividing range of south - eastern australia . molecular phylogenetics and evolution , 71 , 149\u2013 - 156 .\npepper , m . , doughty , p . , fujita , m . k . , moritz , c . & keogh , j . s . ( 2013 ) speciation on the rocks : integrated systematics of the heteronotia spelea species complex ( gekkota ; reptilia ) from western and central australia . plos one , 8 ( 11 ) , e78110 .\ntyler , m . j . ( 1962 ) on the preservation of anuran tadpoles . australian journal of science , 25 , 222\ntyler , m . j . , davies , m . & martin , a . a . ( 1981b ) frog fauna of the northern territory : new distributional records and the description of a new species . transactions of the royal society of south australia , 105 , 149\u2013 - 154 .\ntyler , m . j . , davies , m . & martin , a . a . ( 1981c ) new and rediscovered species of frogs from the derby - broome area of western australia . records of the western australia museum , 9 , 147\u2013172 .\nwestgate , m . j . , driscoll , d . a . & lindenmayer , d . b . ( 2012 ) limited influence of stream networks on the terrestrial movements of three wetland - dependent frog species . biological conservation , 153 , 169\u2013 - 176 .\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nclulow s 1 , anstis m 2 , keogh js 3 , catullo ra 4 .\nschool of environmental and life sciences , university of newcastle , nsw 2308 australia ; email : simon . clulow @ newcastle . edu . au .\nschool of environmental and life sciences , university of newcastle , nsw 2308 australia ; email : unknown .\nevolution , ecology & genetics , research school of biology , the australian national university , act 0200 , australia ; email : unknown .\nevolution , ecology & genetics , research school of biology , the australian national university , act 0200 , australia biological sciences , macquarie university , nsw 2109 australia school of science & health , western sydney university , nsw 2751 australia ; email : unknown .\nthis australian endemic occurs in eastern australia , from southeastern queensland , through new south wales to eastern victoria . the extent of occurrence of the species is approximately 442 , 200km2 .\nthe species is found in seasonally dry areas ; associated with grassland and woodland habitats . it breeds in shallow , ephemeral waters . larvae are free - swimming . it is often found in partly disturbed habitat and occasionally artificial habitat including artificial ponds and roadside ditches / drainage ditches .\nbroad - scale threats include habitat loss and modification , due to processes such as urbanisation and the introduction of alien plants . livestock over - grazing and resulting damage to native habitats is also thought to have a negative impact on the species . although u . laevigata may currently be common within the act region the introduction of diseases could be fatal to the species . care should be taken at all times when entering frog habitats due to the risk of spreading disease , including the chytrid fungus ( chytridiomycosis ) . to prevent the spread of the chytrid fungus it is important to wash your shoes before entering and after leaving frog habitats . for more information on the chytrid fungus - link to fact sheet urltoken\nyou can encourage frogs into your own backyard by including habitat features in your garden . the ginninderra catchment group , australian national university and environment act have developed a guideline to help you encourage frogs into your backyard called creating a frog friendly habitat in the act community .\nyou can also get involved in monitoring local frog populations . frogwatch is an annual program run to monitor the presence and abundance of frogs within the act region . the frogwatch program provides training for community volunteers each october , with monitoring then being undertaken by volunteers over a two week period .\nadults range from 2 . 5 - 3cm in length . \ufffdsmooth\ufffd is a misnomer , as the back of this species indeed has a warty appearance , though the belly is smooth . the back colour ranges from brown to orange brown and is often a mottled mix of the two . orange patches usually stand out both behind and in front of each thigh . the call of the species is monotonous and low pitched , described as a \ufffdwwhhrrkkkkk\ufffd .\nthe call of u . laevigata and crinea parinsignifera ( plains froglet ) are often confused . the call of u . laevigata is slightly lower and longer , however , it may take some practice to tell the two apart . also look at the surrounding habitat . the smooth toadlet typically prefers dryer locations to those preferred by the plains froglet .\nvery common in the canberra region , particularly in hilly areas . the species extends from south - east qld , along the eastern edge of nsw and just crossing the border into victoria .\nthe most common technique for monitoring frog populations is based on call identification , with each frog species having a unique call . frogs should not be handled without the use of sterile gloves , as their skin is very sensitive to chemicals , including sunscreen and soap .\ncalls from september through to november , with breeding occurring from october though november .\nmales often call from hidden positions ( amongst vegetation or fallen timber ) as far as 10 metres away from water bodies .\nmay include native birds , such as the white - faced heron ( egretta novaehollandiae ) and intermediate egret , and fish , including the introduced carp , goldfish and trout . introduced species such as cats ( felis catus ) and foxes may also predate on frogs .\nbarker , j . , grigg , g . , tyler , m . ( 1995 ) . a field guide to australian frogs . surry beatty & sons . nsw , australia . s , tlintermans , m . & osborne , w . ( 2002 ) . wet & wild : a field guide to the freshwater animals of the southern tablelands and high country of the act and nsw . environment act . canberra , australia . s , trobinson , m . ( 1993 ) . a field guide to frogs of australia . australian museum / reed books . nsw , australia . s , tturner , j . ( 2004 ) . frogs of australia . pensoft . bulgaria . p , styler , j . ( 1994 ) . australian frogs : a natural history . reed new holland . australia . s , tswan , g . ( 2001 ) . green guide : frogs of australia . new holland publishers . sydney , australia . p , s\ndiagnosis : the following combination of characters distinguish this species from congeners : small body size , dark brown dorsum with small darker spotting , loreal and lateral regions with bluish - white spotting , femoral patches of pale orange - red , slightly tuberculate dorsum and upper limbs , speckled and somewhat granular venter , toes with basal webbing , outer metatarsal tubercle usually spatulate and oriented perpendicular to foot , maxillary teeth present , frontoparietal fontanelle broadly exposed , presence of moderately developed parotoid and inguinal glands and less developed coccygeal glands , and a high - pitched rasping advertisement call ( doughty and roberts 2008 ) .\ndescription : adult males measure 18 . 0 - 21 . 5 mm svl . one adult female measured 20 . 5 mm svl . small rotund body with short limbs . small head with an oval tongue . eyes protrude slightly and the anterior corner of the eye is covered by a flap of skin . pupil is rhomboidal in shape . lacks vomerine teeth , but has maxillary teeth . rounded canthus rostralis and moderately steep , slightly concave loreal region . infralabial glands ( one to three ) present beneath jaw angle . the tympanum is covered by the skin and parotoid glands . unwebbed fingers with moderately developed tubercles ( one each on fingers i and ii ; two each on fingers iii and iv ) . finger i shorter than finger ii . short legs . toes are basally webbed , have weakly developed flanges along their length , and moderately developed tubercles underneath ( one on toes i , ii ; two on toes iii and v ; three on toe iv ) . inner metatarsal tubercle weakly developed . outer metatarsal tubercle generally spatulate in shape ( sometimes round ) and protruding perpendicularly from the foot . usually has parotoid , dorsolateral , and coccygeal glands . cloacal flap is present . scattered low tubercles on the skin of the dorsum , head and limbs . ventral surfaces are moderately granular . males have a nuptial pad on the inner part of finger i , from halfway down the finger to the base of the wrist and barely onto the palm ( doughty and roberts 2008 ) .\nin life , specimens from the mainland had a slightly different coloration than those from katers island . in mainland specimens , the dorsum ranged from a charcoal black to dark brown with random smaller dark blotches and faint bars on the limbs . slight orange - red tint on dorsum , and orange - red blotches on the parotoid glands , snout tip , submandibular glands , vertebral area , and upper arms . pale bluish - white specks are found on the tip of the snout , through the loreal region , along the sides and on the undersurfaces of the limbs . pale white ventral surfaces speckled with dark spots , except for abdomen which is uniformly pale ( neither white nor speckled ) . chin margin is slightly more pigmented . iris is chestnut brown with a green tint . creamy white fingers and toes ( doughty and roberts 2008 ) .\nspecimens from katers island had slightly lighter coloration and orange - red inguinal glands ( doughty and roberts 2008 ) .\nin preservative , the body is almost completely black with a tint of orange and red visible in some areas ( doughty and roberts 2008 ) .\nendemic to australia . only found in high rainfall areas ( over 1000 mm / year ) such as the northwest kimberley , western australia , the prince regent river nature reserve south to walcott inlet , western australia and on katers island , western australia . the type locality is near bachsten creek , in the southwest portion of the prince regent river nature reserve . habitat consists of generally moist areas such as creeks and rocks near water ( doughty and roberts 2008 ) .\nmales called from moist crevices in sandstone rocks on a high ridge or from crevices and cracks in rock faces with vegetation and seepages . others were found calling on hard - capped sandstone surfaces with small pools of slow flowing water among clumps of\nvegetation . long high - pitched call with a dominant frequency of 3347 hz ; there is some modulation as frequency rises later in the call . reproduction is aquatic . eggs are small and pigmented , hatching into free - swimming larvae ( doughty and roberts 2008 ) .\nwhich alludes to the species ' small size ( doughty and roberts 2008 ) .\ndoughty , p . and roberts , j . d . ( 2008 ) . ' ' a new species of\n( anura : myobatrachidae ) from the northwest kimberley , western australia . ' '\n> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .\n> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 ."]}
{"id": 1411, "summary": [{"text": "siproeta epaphus , the rusty-tipped page or brown siproeta , is a new world butterfly that lives all year in tropical habitats .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "it has large wings , averaging 7.0 \u2013 7.5 cm ( 2.8 \u2013 3.0 in ) , that are black in the inner portion of the top surface and brown throughout the underside .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "both surfaces have a bold white transverse stripe continuing across both wings .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the outer portion of the forewings , beyond the white stripe , is rusty orange in the widespread subspecies s. epaphus epaphus ; it is mostly or entirely black in the other two subspecies .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "s. epaphus is found throughout central america , where it is one of the most common butterflies .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "its range extends from southern north america to central south america .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the range includes ( though may not be limited to ) south texas and rarely southern new mexico south through both eastern and western mexico to the guyanas , brazil , bolivia and peru . ", "topic": 13}], "title": "siproeta epaphus", "paragraphs": ["andrew brower marked\nsiproeta epaphus\nas trusted on the\nsiproeta epaphus\npage .\nthese are nice photos of siproeta epaphus ( schokoladenfalter ) . siproeta epaphus is a member of the\nandrew brower marked\nsiproeta epaphus ( photo credit : dexter hinckley )\nas trusted on the\nsiproeta epaphus\npage .\nhere you can see the subspecies siproeta epaphus trayja . it is from brazil .\nphoto \u00a9 by thomas neubauer ; 07 . 10 . 2006 , macro photograph of siproeta epaphus ( oberseite )\nkatja schulz added an association between\nimage of an unknown taxon\nand\nsiproeta epaphus ( latreille , 1813 )\n.\nsiproeta epaphus is a butterfly of the neotropic ecozone ( south america ) . the distribution extend from mexico to suriname , argentina and chile .\n. the first description was in 1813 by latreille . with a wingspan of 7 . 5 \u2013 8 . 5 cm siproeta epaphus is a small member of the family nymphalidae . this butterfly is dark brown , light brown and white .\nthe tribe victoriniini includes the asian genus rhinopalpa , the african kallimoides and vanessula , and the neotropical genera anartia , junonia , hypolimnas , metamorpha , napeocles and siproeta .\nthis species is scarce in lowland areas , but commonly seen in two ' s and three ' s in disturbed habitats at elevations between 400 - 1800m , favouring forest edges and clearings , well vegetated riverbanks , roadsides and pastures .\nthe eggs are dark green with yellow ribs , and are laid in small clusters on young leaves of ruellia or blechum ( acanthaceae ) .\nthe fully grown larva is maroon , adorned with orange branched spikes along the back and sides . its head is black with a pair of backward - curving horns .\nthe chrysalis is pale green with the thorax and abdomen covered in minute black dots and small orange thorn - like projections . it is suspended by the cremaster from leaves of the foodplant .\nthe butterflies are usually encountered singly or in two ' s and three ' s , flying on sunny mornings in disturbed habitats including pastures , forest clearings , riverbanks and roadsides . they have a rapid fluttering and gliding flight , settling frequently to bask on low foliage or bare ground . males often imbibe mineralised moisture from damp roads , muddy riverbanks , scree or rock faces and at such times usually hold their wings half - open while flitting gently from spot to spot . females make egg - laying runs back and forth along forest edges . both sexes nectar at cordia , stachytarpheta ,\nall photographs , artwork , text & website design are the property of adrian hoskins ( unless otherwise stated ) and are protected by copyright . photographs or text on this website must not be reproduced in part or in whole or published elsewhere without prior written consent of adrian hoskins / urltoken\nupperside from red - orange on the outer half by a cream - colored median band . hindwing is brown with a cream - colored submarginal band .\nnectar from croton , cordia , impatiens , lantana , and stachytarpheta ; also rotting fruit , dung , and carrion .\nthe forewings are two coloured . nearby the body the wing is dark brown an the pinion is light brown . between these two tints there is a white line . the margin is ridged . there are some little bluish spots in the dark brown area . the underside is dark brown . the white line and the bluish spots from upside are also there .\nthe hind wings are dark brown and have little tails . the margin is ridged . there is a white line on wing . the underside is a cpoy from upside , but there is a secone line in light brown .\nthe first description of this butterfly was in 1813 by latreille . there are only two subspecies .\nphoto \u00a9 by thomas neubauer ; from assortment of dr . hildegard winkler specialty shop of entomology ( see links )\ncites : ( convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora ) : - no entry - ( as at 23 . 06 . 2005 )\neu regulation on trading with species of wild fauna and flora - no entry - ( as at 19 . 08 . 2005 )\ngeographic range : occurs commonly from 400 to 1500 m , on both slopes , in association with wet forest habitats that do not have a pronounced dry season .\nunique characteristics : frequently seen along forest edges and rivers , where they parade back and forth across the edge vegetation about 1 or 2 meters above the ground .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\na widespread neotropical species , ranging from mexico to northern argentina . larvae feed on\ndevries , p . j . ( 1987 ) the butterflies of costa rica and their natural history . papilionidae , pieridae , nymphalidae , princeton university press , princeton , n . j .\nlamas , g . , ed . ( 2004 ) atlas of neotropical lepidoptera . checklist : part 4a hesperioidea - papiionoidea . gainesville , scientific publishers / association of tropical lepidoptera .\nthis media file is licensed under the creative commons attribution - noncommercial - noderivs license - version 2 . 0 .\ncorrespondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence ."]}
{"id": 1416, "summary": [{"text": "chryseofusus chrysodomoides is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "chryseofusus chrysodomoides", "paragraphs": ["( of fusinus ( chryseofusus ) chrysodomoides ( schepman , 1911 ) ) hadorn r . & fraussen k . ( 2003 ) the deep - water indo - pacific radiation of fusinus ( chryseofusus subgen . nov . ) ( gastropoda : fasciolariidae ) . iberus 21 ( 1 ) : 207 - 240 . [ june 2003 ] page ( s ) : 211 [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\nthis item will be sent through the global shipping programme and includes international tracking . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\nthis amount includes applicable customs duties , taxes , brokerage and other fees . this amount is subject to change until you make payment . for additional information , see the global shipping programme terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab\nthis amount includes applicable customs duties , taxes , brokerage and other fees . this amount is subject to change until you make payment . if you reside in an eu member state besides uk , import vat on this purchase is not recoverable . for additional information , see the global shipping programme terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab\ndelivery time is estimated using our proprietary method which is based on the buyer ' s proximity to the item location , the delivery service selected , the seller ' s delivery history and other factors . delivery times may vary , especially during peak periods .\ninternational postage and import charges paid to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\nany international postage and import charges are paid in part to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\ninternational postage paid to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\nany international postage is paid in part to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\nthere are 1 items available . please enter a number less than or equal to 1 .\n* you\u2019ll see an estimated delivery date based on the seller\u2019s dispatch time and delivery service . delivery times may vary , especially during peak periods and will depend on when your payment clears - opens in a new window or tab .\nmost purchases from business sellers are protected by the consumer contract regulations 2013 which give you the right to cancel the purchase within 14 days after the day you receive the item . find out more about your rights as a buyer - opens in a new window or tab and exceptions - opens in a new window or tab .\ncopyright \u00a9 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice\nthis amount includes applicable customs duties , taxes , brokerage and other fees . this amount is subject to change until you make payment . for additional information , see the global shipping program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab\nthis amount includes applicable customs duties , taxes , brokerage and other fees . this amount is subject to change until you make payment . if you reside in an eu member state besides uk , import vat on this purchase is not recoverable . for additional information , see the global shipping program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab\nestimated delivery dates - opens in a new window or tab include seller ' s handling time , origin zip code , destination zip code and time of acceptance and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab . delivery times may vary , especially during peak periods .\nany international shipping and import charges are paid in part to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\ninternational shipping and import charges paid to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\ninternational shipping paid to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\nany international shipping is paid in part to pitney bowes inc . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\nthis item will be shipped through the global shipping program and includes international tracking . learn more - opens in a new window or tab\n* the delivery date is not guaranteed until you have checked out using an instant payment method . if your guaranteed delivery item isn\u2019t on time , you can ( 1 ) return the item , for a refund of the full price and return shipping costs ; or ( 2 ) keep the item and get a refund of your shipping costs ( if shipping was free , get a $ 5 ebay voucher ) . attempted delivery on or before the guaranteed date will be considered a timely delivery . see details - opens in a new window or tab\n* estimated delivery dates - opens in a new window or tab include seller ' s handling time , origin zip code , destination zip code and time of acceptance and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab . delivery times may vary , especially during peak periods .\nqualifying purchases could enjoy no interest if paid in full in 6 months on purchases of $ 99 or more . other offers may also be available .\ninterest will be charged to your account from the purchase date if the balance is not paid in full within 6 months . minimum monthly payments are required . subject to credit approval . see terms - opens in a new window or tab\ncopyright \u00a9 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . accessibility , user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice"]}
{"id": 1432, "summary": [{"text": "acrolophus pseudohirsutus is a moth of the acrolophidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by hasbrouck in 1964 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , including california and arizona .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it is also found in brazil . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "acrolophus pseudohirsutus", "paragraphs": ["acrolophus tapuja ; mielke & grehan , 2012 , nachr . ent . ver . apollo n . f . 32 ( 3 / 4 ) : 152\nacrolophus is a genus of moth in the family acrolophidae , with , typically , great individual variation within species in color pattern , making field identification of many individuals difficult or impossible .\ndalaca tapuja pfitzner , 1914 ; ent . rundschau 31 ( 19 ) : 110 ; tl : southern brazil , leopoldina\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\npfitzner in seitz , 1937 die amerikanischen spinner und schw\u00e4rmer ( 186 pls ) gross - schmett . erde 6 : 1 - 32 ( 1913 ) , : 33 - 192 ( 1915 ) , : 193 - 240 ( 1917 ) , : 249 - 280 ( 1918 ) , : 241 - 248 , 281 - 320 ( 1919 ) , : 321 - 336 ( 1920 ) , : 337 - 376 ( 1921 ) , : 377 - 416 ( 1922 ) , : 417 - 424 ( 1924 ) , : 425 - 528 ( 1925 ) , : 529 - 616 ( 1927 ) , : 617 - 672 ( 1928 ) , : 673 - 768 ( 1929 ) , : 769 - 840 ( 1930 ) , : 841 - 904 ( 1931 ) , : 905 - 1016 ( 1932 ) , : 1017 - 1048 ( 1933 ) , : 1049 - 1088 ( 1934 ) , : 1089 - 1112 ( 1935 ) , : 1137 - 1256 ( 1936 ) , : 1113 - 1136 , 1257 - 1296 ( 1937 ) , : 1297 - 1304 ( 1938 ) , : 1305 - 1328 ( 1939 ) , : 1329 - 1452 ( 1940 )\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1475, "summary": [{"text": "maorimorpha is a small genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family mitromorphidae , in the superfamily conoidea the cone snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "maorimorpha", "paragraphs": ["maorimorpha powell , a . w . b . , 1939 type species : maorimorpha suteri murdoch , r . , 1915\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : maorimorpha secunda a . w . b . powell , 1942 - id : 2121400005\nsteyn , d . g . & lussi , m . ( 1998 ) marine shells of south africa . an illustrated collector\u2019s guide to beached shells . ekogilde publishers , hartebeespoort , south africa , ii + 264 pp . page ( s ) : 156 [ details ]\n( of cominella sulcata g . b . sowerby iii , 1892 ) petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . zootaxa . 2189 : 1\u2013218 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nholotype , collected ' whangaroa ' = foveaux strait or stewart island , nz . ( m . 001728 ) . 4 . 3mm .\nthe symbols k . a . c . f . m . an . are used to indicate the geographical range of the species . they have been adopted to give an approxomation of the range of each species within new zealand .\npowell , a . w . b . 1979 : new zealand mollusca : marine , land and freshwater shells , collins , auckland ( p . 237 )\nnote : localities are approximate , and represent only some of the known localities for the species .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nsabinet | turridae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) of southern africa and mozambique . part 3 . subfamily borsoniinae\nannals of the natal museum - turridae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) of southern africa and mozambique . part 3 . subfamily borsoniinae\nsource : annals of the natal museum , volume 27 , issue 2 , dec 1986 , p . 633 - 720\nspencer h . g . , willan r . c . , marshall b . a . & murray t . j . ( 2011 ) . checklist of the recent mollusca recorded from the new zealand exclusive economic zone . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nspencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nclathurella carpenter , p . p . , 1857 type species : clathurella rava hinds , r . b . , 1843\nabyssothauma sysoev , a . v . , 1996 type species : abyssothauma psilarosis barnard , k . h . , 1963\nantimitra iredale , t . , 1917 type species : antimitra aegrota reeve , l . a . , 1845\nasperdaphne ( asperdaphne ) hedley , c . , 1922 type species : asperdaphne ( asperdaphne ) versivestita hedley , c . , 1912\nasperdaphne ( aspertilla ) powell , a . w . b . , 1944 type species : asperdaphne ( aspertilla ) legrandi beddome , r . h . , 1883\nasperdaphne hedley , c . , 1922 type species : asperdaphne ( asperdaphne ) versivestita hedley , c . , 1912\ncithara schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : unknowngenustype\ncorinnaeturris bouchet , ph . & a . war\u00e9n , 1980 type species : corinnaeturris leucomata dall , w . h . , 1881\ncrockerella hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : crockerella crystallina gabb , w . m . , 1865\ncymakra gardner , j . a . , 1937 type species : cymakra poncei gardner , j . a . , 1937\ndarbya bartsch , p . , 1934 type species : darbya lira bartsch , p . , 1934\ndiptychophlia berry , s . s . , 1964 type species : diptychophlia occata hinds , r . b . , 1843\netrema hedley , c . , 1918 type species : etrema aliciae melvill , j . c . & r . standen , 1895\netrema ( etrema ) hedley , c . , 1918 type species : etrema aliciae melvill , j . c . & r . standen , 1895\neuclathurella woodring , w . p . , 1928 type species : clathurella vendryesiana dall , w . h . in guppy , r . j . l . & w . h . dall , 1896\nclathromangelia monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1884 type species : clathromangelia granum philippi , r . a . , 1844\nglyphostoma gabb , w . m . , 1872 type species : glyphostoma dentiferum gabb , w . m . , 1873\nglyphostoma ( glyphostoma ) gabb , w . m . , 1872 type species : glyphostoma dentiferum gabb , w . m . , 1873\nglyphostoma ( euglyphostoma ) woodring , w . p . , 1970 type species : unknowngenustype\nlienardia jousseaume , f . p . , 1884 type species : lienardia ( lienardia ) rubida hinds , r . b . , 1843\nlienardia ( lienardia ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1884 type species : lienardia ( lienardia ) rubida hinds , r . b . , 1843\nlienardia ( acrista ) hedley , c . , 1922 type species : lienardia ( acrista ) punctilla hedley , c . , 1922\nlienardia ( hemilienardia ) b\u00f6ttger , o . , 1895 type species : lienardia ( hemilienardia ) malleti r\u00e9cluz , c . , 1852\nmicrodrillia casey , t . l . , 1903 type species : microdrillia optima thiele , j . , 1925\nmitrellatoma powell , a . w . b . , 1942 type species : mitrellatoma angustata hutton , f . w . , 1886\nretidrillia mclean , j . h . , 2000 type species : retidrillia willetti dall , w . h . , 1919\nscrinium hedley , c . , 1922 type species : scrinium brazieri smith , e . a . , 1891\nstrombinoturris hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : unknowngenustype\ntropidoturris kilburn , r . n . , 1986 type species : tropidoturris fossata fossata sowerby , g . b . iii , 1903\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthe star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :\nwe want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .\nenter your email address and we will send you an email with your username and password .\ne - mail jecilia sisican if you do not receive your email with your username and password .\nclick on an image to view all the information : family , species , author , date , and full locality .\n\u00a9 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 1 . 392 seconds . )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nsorry , the species or group that you asked for is not on the onezoom tree .\nthe open tree contains additional species not on the onezoom tree ( particularly subspecies and fossils ) . to check if this is why we cannot find your species or group , you can\n, then chances are you have entered a wrong number or a misspelt name ."]}
{"id": 1482, "summary": [{"text": "microplophorus is a genus of beetles in the family cerambycidae , containing the following species : microplophorus calverti philippi in germain , 1897 microplophorus magellanicus blanchard in gay , 1851 microplophorus penai galileo , 1987", "topic": 26}], "title": "microplophorus", "paragraphs": ["blanchard in gay , 1851 . accessed at : urltoken ; = 989604 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nall pictures and content \u00a9 philippe bourdon | log in | site map | rss 2 . 0 | designed and powered by webshake\nthe longhorn beetle has been found eating dead trees at hill cove and teal inlet . it has been accidentally introduced to the islands from southern chile or argentina .\nluckily for us , this species prefers to eat dead trees but some species can be serious pests , causing severe damage to living trees or timbers used in construction . the asian long - horned beetle is one of the most destructive non - native insects in the united states ."]}
{"id": 1502, "summary": [{"text": "dolicholatirus pauli is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "dolicholatirus pauli", "paragraphs": ["explore what eol knows about dolicholatirus aff . pauli ( mcginty , 1959 ) .\nrosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garc\u00eda , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579\u2013699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico\u2013origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\n- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the family .\n, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the country .\n, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the ecosystem .\ncfm script by , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by kbanasihan , 06 / 28 / 2010\nitis canada extends the utility of itis ( usda ) with additional xml output and services . urltoken ; = & p ; _ format = & p ; _ ifx = cbif & p ; _ lang =\nitis is an authoritative taxonomic resource focusing on both new world and global taxonomic lists . urltoken ; _ value = 74219\nitis is an authoritative taxonomic resource focusing on both new world and global taxonomic lists . urltoken ; _ value = 74218"]}
{"id": 1508, "summary": [{"text": "manoba major is a moth in the family nolidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by hampson in 1891 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in india , taiwan , japan ( the ryukyu islands , burma , singapore , as well as on borneo , java , vanuatu and new caledonia . the habitat consists of coastal areas near mangroves . the wingspan is about 20 mm . the forewings are fawn with two darker smudges on the costa . the hindwings are fawn , fading to white at the base .", "topic": 1}], "title": "manoba major", "paragraphs": ["wileman & west , 1929 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) , 3 : 190 ,\n, but with the punctate fasciae much more clearly defined , and with blackish medial and subbasal shallowly triangular patches on the costa . the hindwings grade distinctly greyer towards the margin , and there is a grey discal mark . the antennae are very strongly bipectinate . the male genitalia resemble somewhat those of\nhampson ( see above ) in having a rather robust uncus , narrow , slightly curved valves and a relatively basal harpe . the aedeagus is slender , rather bulbous basally and with a long , narrow vesica that terminates in a single , large cornutus . the species has been placed erroneously as a synonym of the lithosiine arctiid\nindian subregion , taiwan , ryukyu is . , burma , singapore , borneo , ? java ( see below ) , vanuatu , new caledonia ( holloway , 1979 ) .\nunusual for the genus , this species has been taken uniquely on the coast near mangrove in brunei .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nturner , a . j . 1944 ,\na revision of the australian nolidae ( lepidoptera )\n, proceedings of the royal society of queensland , vol . 55 , pp . 13 - 50\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 04869551 - 6ed0 - 45d6 - 9fda - 7e2154bccc10\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2a3f06a8 - 0c2d - 4bb9 - ab3f - 7b3648610d0b\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 4f876d59 - ec13 - 41dd - a4d2 - 6bcfffded472\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 92fcba19 - a305 - 46dd - 9646 - 6c452a99bd3f\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e08fb699 - 543f - 4aee - bd5e - 5db7a9d16a00\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : fe614cda - c675 - 44cf - b380 - e40698349a63\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 525667\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ south africa , kwazulu - natal ] , port natal [ durban ] , leg m . becker .\nwalker f . 1854b . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part ii . \u2013 lepidoptera heterocera . - \u2014 2 : i\u2013iv , 279\u2013581 ."]}
{"id": 1514, "summary": [{"text": "ypthima diplommata is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in the democratic republic of the congo ( lualaba ) and western zambia . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "ypthima diplommata", "paragraphs": ["\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\na speciose genus that ranges from africa to new guinea . the first alphabetically - sorted list above represents the african taxa , the second is the asian fauna .\nackery pr , smith cr , and vane - wright ri eds . 1995 . carcasson ' s african butterflies . canberra : csiro .\ncorbet as , pendlebury hm , and eliot jn . 1992 . the butterflies of the malay peninsula . malayan nature society , kuala lumpur .\nparsons m . 1999 . the butterflies of papua new guinea : their systematics and biology . academic press , san diego .\nvane - wright ri , and de jong r . 2003 . the butterflies of sulawesi : annotated checklist for a critical island fauna . zoologische verhandelingen 343 : 1 - 267 .\nthis media file is licensed under the creative commons attribution - noncommercial - noderivs license - version 2 . 0 .\ncorrespondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1526, "summary": [{"text": "chionodes violacea is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found from scandinavia to russia ( siberia , uljanovsk , kamchatka ) and mongolia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 15 \u2013 17 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from june to july . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "chionodes violacea", "paragraphs": ["gelechia violacea tengstr\u00f6m , 1848 ; notis . s\u00e4llsk . fauna & fl . fenn . f\u00f6rh . 1 : 125 ; tl : gamla karleby ; oulu\nchionodes violacea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 25 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes borzella bidzilya , 2000 ; beitr . ent . 50 ( 2 ) : 391\nchionodes soella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 21\nchionodes aprilella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 24\nchionodes flavipalpella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 33\nchionodes flavipalpella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes caucasiella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 34\nchionodes caucasiella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes frigidella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 50\nchionodes frigidella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes tantella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 64\nchionodes tantella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes attonita ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes ermolaevi bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 422 ; tl : sakhalin\nchionodes grandis clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : silverton , colorado\nchionodes tundra bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 421 ; tl : jamalo - nenetskiy ar\nchionodes pereyra clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : vero beach , florida\nchionodes stefaniae ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 699 ( list )\nchionodes salicella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 82 ; tl : skeena crossing , cassiar dist . , british colombia\nchionodes acerella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 78 ; tl : izman creek , kamloops distr . , british columbia\nchionodes tessa clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 246 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes canofusella clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 248 ; tl : encantada , brooks co . , texas\nchionodes bicolor clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 250 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes meridiochilensis king & montesinos , 2012 ; acta zool . cracov . 55 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : chile , region de biobio\nchionodes stefaniae schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 177 ; tl : galapagos , isabela , volcan darwin , 630m\nchionodes iridescens clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244 ; tl : american lake , pierce co . , washington\nchionodes pleroma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes scotodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes whitmanella clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 271 ; tl : pullmann , washington\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 6 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , gelechiinae ( part - chionodes )\nthe lepidoptera of white sands national monument , otero county , new mexico , usa 10 . a remarkable new white species of chionodes h\u00fcbner ( gelechiidae )\nchionodes sabinianae powell , 1959 ; ent . news 70 ( 5 ) : 127 ; tl : russelman park , mt diablo , contra costa co . , california\nchionodes soella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes aprilella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 141 , 31 ; [ fe ]\n= chionodes psilopterus ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes cusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 75 ; tl : alamosa , colorado\nchionodes offectus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 57 ; tl : boulder , colorado\nchionodes fimus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 76 ; tl : schrader lake , alaska\nchionodes tragicella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes luctuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 140 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes molitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 210 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 36 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes boreas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 43 - 44 ; tl : nordegg , alberta\nchionodes holosericella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 143 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes histon hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 61 ; tl : penticon creek , british columbia\nchionodes perpetuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 146 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes apolectella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 147 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hayreddini ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hinnella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes bastuliella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes nebulosella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 152 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes sagayica ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 63 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes nitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 84 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 59 ; tl : berkeley , alameda co , california\nchionodes oecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : palm springs , california\nchionodes lacticoma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes icriodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes litigiosa ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes pentadora ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes dryobathra ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 106 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes argosema ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes consona ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes eburata ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes salva ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes sepultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 60 ; tl : 6 mi nw newcastle , wyoming\nchionodes percultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 58 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 1 ; tl : washington mtns , near nogales , arizona\nchionodes plutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 91 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 69 ; tl : sanderson , terrell co . , texas\nchionodes nepos hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 71 ; tl : indio , riverside co . , california\nchionodes thyotes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 96 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : southmost , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes soter hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 39 - 41 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes ceryx hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : n key largo , florida\nchionodes rabula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 16 ; tl : parker island , highlands co . , florida\nchionodes cacula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 61 , 331 , pl . 5 , f . 1 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes emptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 17 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes drapeta hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 63 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 18 ; tl : key largo , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes paean hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 72 ; tl : jacumba , san diego co . , california\nchionodes cibus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 98 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 6 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes occlusus ; [ nacl ] , # 2101 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes suasor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 57 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 14 ; tl : huntsville state park , walker co . , texas\nchionodes esor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 19 ; tl : big pine key , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes tarmes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 66 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; tl : t2n r14w s31 , allegan co . , michigan\nchionodes macor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 88 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 62 ; tl : saratoga springs , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes irreptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 143 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 53 ; tl : garner state park , uvalde co . , texas\nchionodes restio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 148 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 58 - 59 ; tl : sonoma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes ludio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 152 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 64 ; tl : new lisbon , burlington co . , new jersey\nchionodes obelus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 186 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : hayfork ranger station , trinity co . , california\nchionodes kubai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 188 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 43 ; tl : pne hill , el dorado co . , california\nchionodes rectifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 199 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : pensacola , escambia co . , florida\nchionodes aleo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 71 ; tl : cedar pass campground , modoc co . , california\nchionodes rupex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 74 ; tl : green river lake , wind river range , wyoming\nchionodes fictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 58 ; tl : atigun pass & below , brooks range , alaska\nchionodes praecia hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : vineyard , utah co . , utah\nchionodes pulvis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 69 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : san bruno mtns , san mateo co . , california\nchionodes bios hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 191 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi n prescott , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes tannuolella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 32 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes lictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 62 ; tl : mt . shasta city , shasta co . , california\nchionodes procus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 70 ; tl : gran quivira national monument , socorro co . , new mexico\nchionodes lector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 121 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 25 - 26 ; tl : woodwardia canyon e , riverside co . , california\nchionodes sevir hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 137 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 24 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes baro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 144 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 54 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes popa hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 167 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : mint canyon , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes donatella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes petro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : 2 mi ne lakeside , san diego co . , california\nchionodes dolo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 198 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : dempster highway , km 155 , 1050m , yukon , canada\nchionodes praeco hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 209 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 34 - 35 ; tl : ocqueoc lake , presque isle co . , michigan\nchionodes manabiensis schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 180 ; tl : ecuador , manabi , parque nacional machalilla , los frailes , s 01\u00b029 . 340 ' , w 80\u00b046 . 868 40m\nchionodes hapsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 12 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes volo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 38 ; tl : fort davis , 5000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes landryi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 76 ; tl : lost river valley , 10 km s onefour , alberta , cadana\nchionodes factor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 60 ; tl : big bear lake , 6800 , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes trico hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 45 - 46 ; tl : hardy work center , lawrence co . , south dakoa\nchionodes impes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 227 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 70 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : kamiak butte , washington\nchionodes sannio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 70 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes stator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 32 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes meddix hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 73 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; tl : clear creek camp , se camp verde , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes pavor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; tl : camp baldy , san bernardino mtns , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes pacator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 53 ; tl : mt lowe , san gabriel mtns , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes regens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 61 ; tl : hackberry lake , valenine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes morus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 103 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 22 ; tl : ciervo hills , 18 mi sw medota , fresno co . , califoria\nchionodes cautor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 142 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 52 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes mikkolai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; tl : carmacks , 62\u00b005 ' n , 136\u00b020 ' w , yukon , canada\nchionodes franclemonti hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 65 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 2 - 4 ; tl : wrangle brook road , lakehurst , ocean co . , new jersey\nchionodes sanator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 60 ; tl : sw res sta , 5400 , chiricahua mts , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes repertor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 65 ; tl : 7 mi e jacob lake , coconino co . , 6800 ' , arizona\nchionodes adamas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 61 - 63 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes elainae hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 50 ; tl : onion saddle , 7600 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes hospes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 61 - 62 ; tl : 9 mi sw atascadero , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes sponsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 81 ; tl : sierra diable wildlife management area , 6400 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes theurgis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 213 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi sw buean vista , 8700 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes imber hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine nationa wildlife reserve , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes naevus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 77 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 41 ; tl : cave creek canyon , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes davisi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 78 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 42 ; tl : southwest research station , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes delitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 58 ; tl : k bar ranch , chisos mtns , 3400 ' , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes bardus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 99 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : santa barbara island , channel island national park , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes metoecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 125 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 32 - 34 ; tl : snake creek , 3 mi nw midway , wasatch co . , utah\nchionodes optio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 154 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 32 ; tl : mt locke , davis mtns , 6700 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes agriodes ; [ nacl ] , # 2059 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes bustosorum metzler , 2016 ; zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 373 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . mon . , 106\u00b01 . 38 ' w ; 32\u00b046 . 60 ' n 4 , 000 '\nchionodes powelli hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ; tl : snake lake , 4 mi nw quincy , 4000 ' , plumas co . , california\nchionodes abavus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 64 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mts , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes obex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 39 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes munifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 76 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 40 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes sabinianae ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 48 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes rector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 56 - 57 ; tl : 5 mi n buena vista , 8200 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes fremor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes lusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 130 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 42 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes erro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 134 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 23 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes altor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 141 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 30 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes pinax hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 149 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 60 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes messor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 153 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 65 ; tl : 1 mi ne san marcos pass , 1500 ' , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes magirus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 157 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 34 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes gestor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 159 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 74 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes bibo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 162 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 3 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes luror hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 51 ; tl : west fork , 6500 ' , 16 mi sw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes gratus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 28 ; tl : big timber canyon , 6500 ' , half moon park , crazy mts . , montana\nchionodes senica hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 79 ; tl : hart prairie , 8500 ' , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes dator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 80 ; tl : louis lake , 28 mi sw lander , 8600 ' , fremont co . , wyoming\nchionodes ustor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 32 ; tl : bridger forest camp , 7500 ' , wind river mtns , sublette co . , wyoming\nchionodes rogator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 82 - 83 ; tl : mosca creek , great sand dunes national monument , alamosa co . , colorado\nchionodes veles hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 212 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 84 ; tl : castles , 8 mi e buena vista , 8800 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes gerdius hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 87 ; tl : oso flaco lake , 5 mi s oceano , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes latro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 68 - 69 ; tl : lake delancy , ocala national forest read 75 , mario co . , florida\nchionodes rhombus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 105 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 9 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350\u00e4 , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes tributor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 48 ; tl : ozena camp , cuyama river , 1 mi e hiway 33 , ventura co . , california\nchionodes ensis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : head of ephraim canyon , 10000 - 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes nubilella ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 35 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes donahueorum hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : mt washington district , 840 ' , los angeles , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes parens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 136 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes adam hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 140 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes nubis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 156 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 67 - 68 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes innox hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 158 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 69 - 73 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes canofusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2066 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes psilopterus ; [ nacl ] , # 2111 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes metallicus ; [ nacl ] , # 2094 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 59 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes canor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 25 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes abitus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 56 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : cold creek , 5 mi s buck creek ranger station , 6300 ' , modoc co . , california\nchionodes lactans hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 74 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes fructuarius ; [ nacl ] , # 2078 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes luteogeminatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2091 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes helicostictus ; [ nacl ] , # 2083 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 18 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pallor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 197 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 20 - 21 ; tl : fort valley , 7350 ' , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes nigrobarbatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2097 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 223 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 65 - 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes praetor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 67 , pl . 4 , f . 90 ; tl : head ephraim canyon , 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes permactus ; [ nacl ] , # 2106 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes distinctella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 42 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 148 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes clarkei hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 71 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : steens mt . , fish lake , 7100 , harney co . , oregon\nchionodes electella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 52 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes fumatella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 59 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 153 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes ignorantella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 65 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 154 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes argentipunctella ; [ nacl ] , # 2061 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 11 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes gilvomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2080 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes periculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2105 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes xanthophilella ; [ nacl ] , # 2125 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes sistrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2116 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 73 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes hodgesorum metzler , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . monument , edge of dunes habitat , 106\u00b011 . 32 ' w , 32\u00b045 . 72 ' n , 4000 '\nchionodes paralogella ; [ nacl ] , # 2103 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 13 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes salicella ; [ nacl ] , # 2114 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 120 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acerella ; [ nacl ] , # 2057 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 124 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes terminimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2117 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 132 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes pastor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 155 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 66 , pl . 4 , f . 33 ; tl : great basin exp staion nr ephraim , 8850 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2076 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 160 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pseudofondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2110 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 161 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes mariona ; [ nacl ] , # 2092 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 168 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes halycopa ; [ nacl ] , # 2082 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 171 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes hibiscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2084 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 190 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes aristella ; [ nacl ] , # 2062 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 56 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes mongolica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hostis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 122 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : major ' s flat near ephraim canyon , oak / pinyon junipre zone , 7100 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fuscomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 6 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes bicostomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 7 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes lophosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2089 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 67 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 21 - 23 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes nanodella ; [ nacl ] , # 2095 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes abella ; [ nacl ] , # 2055 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 43 - 47 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes kincaidella ; [ nacl ] , # 2086 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 87 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pinguicula ; [ nacl ] , # 2109 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 67 - 68 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes dentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2071 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 74 - 75 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes abdominella ; [ nacl ] , # 2054 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 2 - 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes dammersi ; [ nacl ] , # 2070 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 101 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes notandella ; [ nacl ] , # 2098 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 19 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes ochreostrigella ; [ nacl ] , # 2102 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 104 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 7 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes thoraceochrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2119 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 117 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 13 - 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes chrysopyla ; [ nacl ] , # 2068 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 119 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes obscurusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2099 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 123 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 27 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes occidentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2100 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 127 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 35 - 37 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes trichostola ; [ nacl ] , # 2120 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 135 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 47 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acrina ; [ nacl ] , # 2058 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 139 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 25 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes secutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 146 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 55 , pl . 4 , f . 31 ; tl : davis mnts , 5 mi se livermore , 6000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes trophella ; [ nacl ] , # 2121 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 147 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 56 - 57 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes discoocellella ; [ nacl ] , # 2072 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 170 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes ceanothiella ; [ nacl ] , # 2067 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 187 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 42 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes aruns hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 18 , pl . 4 , f . 44 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes retiniella ; [ nacl ] , # 2112 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 48 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes arenella ; [ nacl ] , # 2060 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 52 - 53 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes figurella ; [ nacl ] , # 2073 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 194 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes braunella ; [ nacl ] , # 2065 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 225 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 91 - 93 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes flavicorporella ; [ nacl ] , # 2074 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 229 , pl . 3 , f . 72 - 73 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes sattleri hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 218 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 54 - 56 , pl . 4 , f . 89 ; tl : bog e of big indian lake , halifax watershed , halifax co . , nova scotia\nchionodes ( gelechiini ) ; [ me3 ] , 137 , 31 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 704 , 699 ( list ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes johnstoni ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 81 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 51 - 52 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes formosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes praeclarella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 200 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 64 - 67 ; [ me3 ] , 144 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes mediofuscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2093 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 131 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 43 - 45 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes iridescens ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 2085 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 10 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pereyra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 109 ; [ nacl ] , # 2104 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 163 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes grandis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 2081 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes tessa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 137 ; [ nacl ] , # 2118 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes petalumensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 111 ; [ nacl ] , # 2107 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 164 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 38 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes bicolor ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 2063 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 29 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes whitmanella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; [ nacl ] , # 2124 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 31 , pl . 4 , f . 77 - 78 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes viduella ; [ nacl ] , # 2123 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 54 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 215 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 49 ; [ me3 ] , 32 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes continuella ; [ nacl ] , # 2069 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 37 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 52 - 53 , pl . 4 , f . 88 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16 ; [ fe ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\na new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .\na new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa \u00fcnal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !\na new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog\u2014the famous fictional spider from \u201charry potter\u201d book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film \u201charry potter and the chamber of secrets\u201d , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .\nmariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel\nidentification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwebsite \u00a9 jim wheeler 2016 - 2018 . nola - x database system \u00a9 jim wheeler 2018 . - sponsored by urltoken & urltoken\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\n= ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 15 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 , 331\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331"]}
{"id": 1544, "summary": [{"text": "melanothrix semperi is a moth in the eupterotidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by rothschild in 1917 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in the philippines ( mindanao ) .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wings of the adults are similar to melanothrix nymphaliaria , but are less black .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the abdomen is yellow with black transverse bands . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "melanothrix semperi", "paragraphs": ["biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\nrisiocnemis seidenschwarzi is a species of damselfly in the family platycnemididae and the only known species in the genus risiocnemis .\nobenbergerula is a genus of beetles in the family buprestidae , the jewel beetles .\nthe seashore earwig ( anisolabis littorea ) is a species of earwig in the family anisolabididae .\nnicrophorus apo is a species of burying beetle found in mindanao in the philippines .\ntrigonopterus palawanensis is a species of flightless weevil in the genus trigonopterus from the philippines .\northetrum serapia known as the green skimmer is a freshwater dragonfly in the libellulidae family .\nstatilia apicalis is a far - ranging species of mantis found in asia , africa , and oceania .\ntenodera angustipennis is a species of mantis native to asia and nearby areas of oceania .\nconlephasma enigma is a wingless , ground - dwelling species of stick insect in the genus conlephasma , and is found on mount halcon , on the philippine island of mindoro .\nlumawigia is a genus of beetles in the family buprestidae , the jewel beetles .\nderoplatys philippinica , common name philippines dead leaf mantis , is a species of dead leaf mantis from the philippines .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1546, "summary": [{"text": "turneria frenchi is a species of ant in the genus turneria .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "described by forel in 1911 , it is endemic to australia , but original specimens of the ant have been lost , and its placement in a genus has been in question .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "the ant has been transferred various times , notably being transferred to stigmacros in 1990 but then put back into turneria in 1992 . ", "topic": 14}], "title": "turneria frenchi", "paragraphs": ["tree of life web project . 2004 . turneria . version 06 september 2004 ( temporary ) .\ncombination in stigmacros : shattuck , 1990 pdf : 105 ; in turneria : taylor , 1992a pdf : 67 .\nturneria is a genus of ants that belongs to the subfamily dolichoderinae . known from australia , they form small colonies of fewer than 500 workers , and nest in trees and twigs .\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nyou must log in to access this functionality . you may create an account , or log in anonymously , here .\nantweb content is licensed under a creative commons attribution license . we encourage use of antweb images . in print , each image must include attribution to its photographer and\nfrom urltoken\nin the figure caption . for websites , images must be clearly identified as coming from urltoken , with a backward link to the respective source page . see how to cite antweb .\nantweb is funded from private donations and from grants from the national science foundation , deb - 0344731 , ef - 0431330 and deb - 0842395 . c : 1\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nall taxa currently being used ( valid names ) , both living and fossil .\ninvalid taxa , those not currently being used ( includes synonymys , etc . )\nthe following 200 pages are in this category , out of 22 , 524 total .\nthis page was last modified on 4 july 2011 , at 05 : 43 ."]}
{"id": 1556, "summary": [{"text": "macrorrhinia endonephele is a species of snout moth in the genus macrorrhinia .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by hampson in 1918 , and is known from the southern united states ( including texas , alabama , florida , georgia , oklahoma and south carolina ) , but also in south america , including argentina and brazil . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "macrorrhinia endonephele", "paragraphs": ["macrorrhinia endonephele ( hampson , 1918 ) replaces m . signifera ( blanchard , 1976 ) which is a synonym .\nfound at uv light near pond in wooded area of a flood plain . my best match is 5913 \u2013 macrorrhinia endonephele at : mpg supported by dna barcoding , bold lpoka741 - 08 this specimen is shown here : bold : aae0182\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nneunzig , h . h . , 2003 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 15 . 5 , p . 264 ; pl . 9 . 2 - 3 . order\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 21 september , 2009 - 2 : 33pm last updated 24 april , 2013 - 1 : 03am\nyou can copy this taxon into another guide . if you are one of the editors of this guide it should copy everything , but if you ' re not , it will only copy the licensed content .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nto use google groups discussions , please enable javascript in your browser settings , and then refresh this page ."]}
{"id": 1562, "summary": [{"text": "stangeia xerodes is a moth of the pterophoroidae family that is found in most of mainland australia , the ryukyu islands , java and sri lanka .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 10 millimetres ( 0.39 in ) .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the larvae feed on cleome , cajanus cajan and acacia .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they are about 12 millimetres ( 0.47 in ) long , cylindrical and moderately stout .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "the head is yellowish with an orange tinge , while the colour of the other segments is uniform pale yellow . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "stangeia xerodes", "paragraphs": ["donald hobern marked\nstangeia xerodes\nas trusted on the\nstangeia xerodes\npage .\nstangeia xerodes ( meyrick , 1886 ) : bigot & drouet ( 2014 ) [ statut pour la nouvelle - cal\u00e9donie ] bigot , l . & drouet , e . 2014 . donn\u00e9es compl\u00e9mentaires sur les pt\u00e9rophores de nouvelle - cal\u00e9donie et description d ' une nouvelle sous - esp\u00e8ce ( lepidoptera , pterophoridae ) . bulletin de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de france , 119 ( 3 ) : 387 - 390 .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nmeyrick , e . 1886 ,\non the classification of the pterophoridae\n, transactions of the entomological society of london , vol . 1886 , pp . 1 - 21\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 731daaf7 - f85d - 4723 - 8e04 - 40772424169b\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 521ff45c - 7d85 - 4306 - b4a5 - 23ffbd30111e\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 318847\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nis brown with short hairs . the back of each segment has a pair of black - tipped pale grey warts . the caterpillars have been reported feeding on the new shoots of :\nthe adult moth is brown with white markings . the legs have dark lines running lengthwise . the moth has a wingspan of about 1 cm . it is a keen feeder on nectar , having a remarkably long tongue .\nmelbourne university press , 1990 , figs . 30 . 18 , 53 . 5 , p . 333 .\nthis page contains pictures and information about plume moths in family pterophoridae that we found in the brisbane area , queensland , australia .\nthis is a small moth family . moths in family pterophoridae are known as plume moths . plume moths are from small to medium in size . they are easily recognized . when rest , they hold out their wings hight and at right angle to their long thin body . they have simple and short antenna . their legs are long . their wings are narrow and with one to two clefts .\nthe caterpillars are usually with short hairs on body . they feed on flowers and leaves openly during daytime .\ni . f . b . common , melbourne university press , 1990 , fig . 53 . 5 .\nthis moth comes to window light at night . we often see them outside our windows in mid summer .\ni . f . b . common , melbourne university press , 1990 , p343 .\nall data on natureshare is licensed under a creative commons attribution 2 . 5 australia license .\nfree : natureshare is , and will always be , a free and open service .\nwarranty : natureshare services and all software are provided on an\nas is\nbasis without warranties of any kind , either express or implied , including , without limitation , fitness for a particular purpose . your use of the services is at your sole risk . we do not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of information available from the service .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\ngielis , c . , 2003 . review of the pterophoridae from new guinea , with descriptions of eight new species ( lepidoptera ) . zoologische mededelingen , leiden 77 ( 21 ) : 349 - 391 .\nin continuing your browsing of this site , you accept the use of cookies to offer you suitable content and services and realize visits statistics . learn more about cookies .\n: angiospermivora regier , c . mitter , kristensen , davis , van nieukerken , rota , simonsen , k . t . mitte , kawahara , yen , cummings & zwick , 2015\n: euheteroneura regier , c . mitter , kristensen , davis , van nieukerken , rota , simonsen , k . t . mitte , kawahara , yen , cummings & zwick , 2015\nnational inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 1572, "summary": [{"text": "bostrycapulus pritzkeri is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family calyptraeidae , the slipper snails or slipper limpets , cup-and-saucer snails , and chinese hat snails . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "bostrycapulus pritzkeri", "paragraphs": ["no one has contributed data records for bostrycapulus pritzkeri yet . learn how to contribute .\ncollin r . 2005 . development , phylogeny , and taxonomy of bostrycapulus ( caenogastropoda : calyptraeidae ) , an ancient cryptic radiation . zoological journal of the linnean society 144 ( 1 ) : 75 - 101 , available online at urltoken [ details ]\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\ntypical shell - length 25 mm . lives intertidally to offshore on rocks . native . endemic to eastern , western and northern australia ( wa , nt , qld , nsw and tas ) . there are as yet no confirmed records of this species in tasmanian waters , although its presence here would not be surprising .\nthe web - pages on this web - site are generated from an underlying database . these can be cited as\nrespectively . whilst great care is taken to accurately identify specimens featured on this web - site and to allocate all records to the most appropriate taxonomic names available , no guarantee is offered that all identifications are accurate , nor that the taxa to which they have been allocated are currently valid . commentaries on habitat , distribution and biology are also subject to change as new information comes to light . if you have any enquiries , or any comments that will help improve the content or appearance of these pages , then please follow the links from ' contact ' on the left - hand panel .\n\u201ctropical forests are the result of an accident of history . \u201d - carlos jaramillo .\nwhite - faced capuchin monkeys in panama\u2019s coiba national park habitually use hammer and anvil stones to break hermit crab shells , snail shells , coconuts and other food items , according to visiting scientists at the smithsonian tropical research institute ( stri ) . this is the first report of habitual stone - tool use by cebus monkeys .\nmany in the stri community will remember joan siedenburg , who died on june 9 at 92 years of age , as a wonderful friend of tropical research in panama . her yearly visits to stri gave her a chance to participate directly in both the discovery process and in outreach to local communities .\nas researchers ask which disease - carrying mosquito species will rule panama\u2019s azuero penninsula ( and perhaps the world ) , they discover culinary delights along the way .\nstri took a gamble on a carbon offset program in partnership with an indigenous community in eastern panama . ten years later , it has successfully met offset goals , empowered women , built environmental stewardship capacity , created a long - term research platform and offered hope for a community\u2019s threatened forest - based traditions .\nstri is hosting dr . anna me\u017eaka , originally from latvia and currently employed at the university of marburg ( umr ) , germany , who is doing a project called \u201clife on a leaf : species interactions and community dynamics in epiphyll communities\u201d funded by a marie sk\u0142odowska - curie global fellowship from the european union .\nthe guna , ember\u00e1 and cattle - ranching communities of eastern panama share the same threatened landscape but have been divided for generations over territorial disputes . a series of filmmaking workshops and film festivals have brought some members of the community together in ways not previously considered possible .\ndesigned to share a hands - on - science experience , the new , brightly - painted van will make it possible for kids and adults to participate in the excitement of the discovery process in cities and towns across panama .\nwhen he\u2019s not racing his bike cross - country , milton garcia is in demand for his expertise flying drones . in the last month , he monitored mangrove deforestation on panama\u2019s pacific coast , mapped a new research station in coiba national park and tracked blooming trees on barro colorado island , the first plot in an international network of forest monitoring sites .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence ."]}
{"id": 1576, "summary": [{"text": "ethmia pseudozygospila is a moth in the depressariidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in china and taiwan .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 14 \u2013 16 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are overlaid with black markings on a whitish grey background .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are whitish grey .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the larvae feed on ehretia dicksoni .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they skeletonise the leaves of their host plant . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "ethmia pseudozygospila", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for pseudozygospila definition . you find here pseudozygospila meaning , synonyms of pseudozygospila and images for pseudozygospila copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word pseudozygospila . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word pseudozygospila and , of course , pseudozygospila synonyms and on the right images related to the word pseudozygospila .\nethmia pseudozygospila kun & szab\u00f3ky , 2000 ; acta zool acad . sci . hung . 46 ( 1 ) : ( 53 - 78 )\nzeller ' s ethmia moth ( ethmia zelleriella ) is a moth in the ethmiidae family .\nthe ladder - backed ethmia moth ( ethmia delliella ) is a moth in the ethmiidae family .\nethmia tyranthes meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 459\nethmia clytodoxa turner , 1917 ; proc . r . soc . qd 29 : 89\nethmia falkovitshi ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 127\nethmia vidua flavilaterella ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 140\nethmia atriflorella viette , 1958 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 83 : 57\nethmia oberthurella viette , 1958 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 83 : 58\nethmia saalmullerella viette , 1958 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 83 : 54\nethmia shensicola amsel , 1969 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 28 : 75\nethmia palawana schultze , 1925 ; philippine j . sci . 28 : 574 ; tl : palawan\nethmia befasiella viette , 1958 ; rev . franc . ent . 25 ( 2 ) : 122\nethmia decui capuse , 1981 ; res . exp . biosp . cubano roum cuba 3 : 132\nethmia melanocrates meyrick , 1923 ; bull . mus . hist . nat . paris 29 : 565\nethmia paneliusella viette , 1958 ; commentat . biol . 17 : 5 ; tl : cap verde islands\nethmia lecmima sattler , 1967 ; [ mp2 ] , 60 ; tl : e . afghanistan , sarobi\ni have just assumed that the ethmia funerella funerella in [ mp2 ] is simply replaced by ethmia quadrillella quadrillella , and that all other ssp ' s are not affectedother than by name . - - msa\nethmia candidella delicatella de lattin , 1963 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 22 : 53\nethmia pagiopa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 189 ; tl : kashmir\nethmia octanoma meyrick , 1914 ; suppl . ent . 3 : 55 ; tl : formosa , kosempo\nethmia clarissa busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 56 ; tl : cuba\nethmia submissa busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 57 ; tl : cuba\nethmia sporadica turner , 1942 ; proc . r . soc . qd 53 ( 4 ) : 94\nethmia pseustis turner , 1942 ; proc . r . soc . qd 53 ( 4 ) : 94\nethmia austronamibiensis mey , 2011 ; esperiana mem . 6 : 190 , pl . 31 , f . 2\nethmia bradleyi viette , 1952 ; m\u00e9m . inst . sci . madag . ( e ) 1 : 162\nethmia iphicrates meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 15 ) : 473 ; tl : kenia colony\nethmia kabulica amsel , 1969 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 28 ( 2 ) : 119\nethmia namella mey , 2011 ; esperiana mem . 6 : 189 , pl . 31 , f . 1\nethmia vulcanica kun , 2004 ; esperiana mem . 1 : 104 , pl . 7 , f . 8\nnew moths of the genus ethmia hb . ( lepidoptera , ethmiidae ) from the ussr [ in russian ]\nethmia zygospila meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 459 ; tl : formosa , alikang\nethmia mansita busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 55 ; tl : tehuacan , mexico\nethmia sibirica zagulajev , 1975 ; nasekomye mongol . 3 : 347 ; tl : buryatiya , tunkinskie belki , 2000m\n= ethmia abraxasella abraxasella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 217 ( list )\nethmia hiramella busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 56 ; tl : santiago , cuba\nethmia gigantea busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 54 ; tl : zacualpan , mexico\nethmia similatella busck , 1920 ; insec . inscit . mentr . 8 : 84 ; tl : cayuga , guatemala\nethmia linda busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 55 ; tl : caracas , venezuela\nethmia andranella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 244\nethmia baronella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 240\nethmia elimatella ; [ nhm card ] ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 144\nethmia linosella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 239\nethmia novoryella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 242\nethmia soljanikovi danilevski & zagulajev , 1975 ; nasekomye mongol . 3 : 343 ; tl : mongolia , dzabhansky aimak\nethmia sotsaella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 243\nethmia thoraea meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 461 ; tl : queensland\nethmia crocosoma meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 173 ; tl : sikkim , darjeeling\nethmia phoenicura meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 346 ; tl : mexico , lower california\nethmia longimaculella longimaculella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 177 , 218 ( list )\nethmia elimatella danilevski , 1975 ; ent . obozr . 54 ( 3 ) : 615 ; tl : azerbaijan , ordubad\nethmia epiloxa meyrick , 1915 ; bull . mus . hist . nat . paris 20 : 121 ; tl : simba\nethmia oculimarginata diakonoff , 1948 ; m\u00e9m . ins . sci . madagascar ( a ) 1 ( 1 ) : 30\nethmia penyagolosella domingo & baixeras , 2003 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo nf 24 ( 4 ) : 184\nethmia pylonotella viette , 1956 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 81 ( 2 - 3 ) : 98\nethmia pylorella viette , 1956 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 81 ( 2 - 3 ) : 96\nethmia semitenebrella dyar , 1902 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 10 : 204 ; tl : arizona\nethmia subsidiaris meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 90 ; tl : china , nanking\nethmia afghana sattler , 1967 ; [ mp2 ] , 104 ; tl : afghanistan , 10km nw v . kabul , 1900m\nethmia galactarcha ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2004 , acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 347\nethmia cellicoma meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 89 ; tl : paraguay , chaco\nethmia transversella busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 53 ; tl : juan vinas , costa rica\nethmia argomicta meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . l\u00e9p . 2 : 90\nethmia cirrhosoma meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . l\u00e9p . 2 : 88\nethmia glabra meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . l\u00e9p . 2 : 89\nethmia hemicosma meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . l\u00e9p . 2 : 89\nethmia spyrathodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 18 ) : 552 ; tl : spanish guinea , san thome\nethmia taxiacta meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . l\u00e9p . 2 : 90\nethmia bipunctella iranella zerny , 1940 ; zs . wiener entver . 25 ( schlu\u00df ) : 43 ; tl : iran , elburs\nethmia wursteri amsel , 1956 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 15 : 61 ; tl : jordan valley , zerqa\nethmia dehiscens meyrick , 1924 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 4 ) : 120 ; tl :\nkwanshien , china\nethmia dentata diakonoff & sattler , 1966 ; ent . ber . , amst . 26 : 189 ; tl : formosa , takow\nethmia subsimilis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 89 ; tl : west indies , jamaica\nethmia mnesicosma meyrick , 1924 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 4 ) : 119 ; tl : costa rica , san jos\u00e9\nethmia striatella busck , 1913 ; ins . inscit . menstr . 1 ( 11 ) : 141 ; tl : tehuacan , mexico\nethmia subnigritaenia powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 173 , 217 ( list ) ; tl : mexico\nethmia catapeltica meyrick , 1924 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 4 ) : 119 ; tl : costa rica , san jos\u00e9\nethmia glandifera meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 37 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria\nethmia judicialis meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 119 ; tl : rhodesia , umvuma\nethmia candidella farinatella de lattin , 1963 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 22 : 54 ; tl : turkestan , usgent\nethmia autoschista meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 347 ; tl : china , szechwan , mt . omei\nethmia octanoma ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 176\nethmia stojanovitsi kun , 2002 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 170 ; tl : indonesia , seram\nethmia reposita ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 177\nethmia nobilis ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 178\nethmia argopa meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 461 ; tl : malay states , padang rengas\nethmia dactylia meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : roiiplaat , pretoria district\nethmia leucocirrha meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 339 ; tl : sw . africa , otjituo\nethmia mariannae karsholt & kun , 2003 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 4 ) : 208 ; tl : rhodos , kolombia , 40m\nethmia pullata meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 461 ; tl : guadalcanar , solomon is .\ndie afghanischen ethmia - arten ( lepidoptera : ethmiidae ) ergebnisse der 1 . und 2 . deutschen afghanistan expeditions der landessammlungen f\u00fcr naturkunde karlsruhe\nethmia angarensis caradja , 1939 ; dt . ent . z . iris 53 : 13 ; tl : china , shanis , mien - shan\nethmia candidella ; [ nhm card ] ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 127 ; [ fe ]\nethmia monachella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 12 ( 1 ) : 53 ; tl : boulder , colorado\nethmia albitogata walsingham , 1907 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 33 ( 1567 ) : 199 ; tl : california\nethmia aurifluella ; [ nhm card ] ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 127 ; [ fe ]\nethmia discrepitella ; [ nhm card ] ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]\nethmia asbolarcha meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 18 ; tl : china , n . yunnan , likiang\nethmia lineatonotella ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2004 , acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 339 ( note )\nethmia mulleri busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 212 ; tl : tehuacan , mexico\nethmia flavicaudata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 179 , 218 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ]\nethmia coscineutis meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : waterberg ; durban , natal\nethmia penesella kun & szab\u00f3ky , 2000 ; acta zool acad . sci . hung . 46 ( 1 ) : ( 53 - 78 )\nethmia susa kun & szab\u00f3ky , 2000 ; acta zool acad . sci . hung . 46 ( 1 ) : ( 53 - 78 )\nethmia candidella wiltshirei de lattin , 1963 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 22 : 53 ; tl : iran , fars , shiraz\nethmia brevistriga clarke , 1950 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 40 ( 5 ) : 163 ; tl : bodega bay , california\nethmia dentata ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 256 ; [ nhm card ]\nethmia reposita diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 257 ; tl : mindanao , zamboanga\nethmia chalcodora meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 718 ; tl : argentina , la plata\nethmia acontias meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 2 ) : 409 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon\nethmia hamaxastra meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 563 ; tl : portuguese e . africa , shilouvane\nethmia pullata ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 255 ; [ nhm card ]\nethmia albistrigella albistrigella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 82 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6c - d\nethmia albolinella shovkoon , 2010 ; nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 146 ; tl : bana - dzhun , kam , valley of goluboy river\nethmia galactarcha meyrick , 1928 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 14 - 15 ) : 418 ; tl : java , tjibodas , mt . gede\nethmia proximella busck , 1912 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 14 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : tehuacan , puebla , mexico\nethmia pericentrota meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 339 ; tl : sw . africa , ongka , mafa ovamboland\nethmia phricotypa bradley , 1965 ; br . mus . ruwensori exp . 1952 2 ( 12 ) : 108 ; tl : uganda , bugoyc , 4500ft\nethmia coquillettella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 94 ; tl : los angeles , california\nethmia nykta shovkoon , 2010 ; nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 140 ; tl : bana - dzhun , kam , valley of goluboy r .\nethmia ubsensis zagulajev , 1975 ; nasekomye mongol . 3 : 347 ; tl : mongolia , ubsu - nurskii aimak , 30km ne barun - turuna , peski\nethmia anatiformis kun , 2001 ; ann . hist . nat . mus . nat . hung . 93 : 208 ; tl : nepal , 1750 - 1950m\nethmia trifida kun , 2004 ; acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 340 ; tl : malaysia , pahang , cameron highlands , tanah rata\nethmia nigroapicella ; zimmerman , 1978 , ins . hawaii 9 ( 2 ) : 925 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; [ afromoths ]\nethmia lapidella ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 173 ; [ afromoths ]\nethmia heptasema ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 176\nethmia ditreta meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . l\u00e9p . 2 : 88 ; tl : tanganyika , taveta\nethmia elutella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 35 ; tl : porto bello , panama\nethmia zebrata powell , 1959 ; wasmann j . biol . 17 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : mexico , 34 mi s of atlixco , puebla\nethmia conglobata meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 717 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft\nethmia joviella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 90 ; tl : west indies , grenada ( mount gay estate )\nethmia hammella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 12 ( 1 ) : 53 ; tl : tuis , costa rica , 2400ft\nethmia ballistis meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 732 ; tl : german east africa , dar - es - salaam\ninteresting records of ethmiinae from the former ussr , with description of ethmia ustyurtensis nupponen , sp . n . from kazakhstan ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea , elachistidae )\nethmia nadia clarke , 1950 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 40 ( 5 ) : 161 ; tl : mccloud , siskiyou co . , california\nethmia umbrimarginella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 94 ; tl : las cruces , new mexico\nethmia monticola monticola ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 104 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 1f , 8i - j\nethmia caliginosella busck , 1904 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 12 ( 1 ) : 44 ; tl : silverton , colorado , 12000ft\nethmia macelhosiella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 93 ; tl : st . louis , missouri\nethmia josephinella dyar , 1902 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 10 : 205 ; tl : dripping spring , organ mts , new mexico\nethmia ungulatella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 34 ; tl : cambima ; alhajuela , panama\nethmia cypraspis ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 140 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12h ; [ nhm card ]\nethmia chalcogramma powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 142 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12j ; tl : bolivia , boyuibe\nethmia coranella dyar , 1902 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 10 : 207 ; tl : kerrville , ; shovel mt . , texas\nethmia semiombra dyar , 1902 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 10 : 206 ; tl : san diego , texas ; brownsville , texas\nethmia sattleri kun , 2007 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung 99 : 106 ; tl : 100m , westl . shiraz , s . iran\nethmia submersa diakonoff , 1966 ; tijds . ent . 109 ( 3 ) : 80 ; tl : w . celebes , paloe , mt . tompoe , 2700ft\nethmia pusiella deletella de lattin , 1963 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 22 : 50 ; tl : asia centr . , ili - gebiet , djarkent\nethmia crocosoma resignata diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 256 ; tl : oriental negros , dumaguete , 390m\nethmia yeni kun , 2001 ; ann . hist . nat . mus . nat . hung . 93 : 215 ; tl : china , hainan , wuchistan , 230m\nethmia didyma kun , 2002 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 171 ; tl : nepal , 150 - 300m , terai , chitwan\nethmia nobilis diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 258 ; tl : luzon , benguet , klondyke , 800ft\nethmia piperella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 102 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7i ; tl : jamaica , runaway bay\nethmia chemsaki powell , 1959 ; wasmann j . biol . 17 ( 1 ) : 148 , f . 4 ; tl : 34 mi s of atlixco , puebla\nethmia confusellastra powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 167 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 14h ; tl : mexico , chichen itza\nethmia hieroglyphica powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 175 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16h ; tl : bolivia , incachaca cochabamba\nethmia prattiella busck , 1915 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 17 ( 2 ) : 85 ; tl : texas , zavalla co . , nueces river\nethmia zaguljaevi kostjuk , 1980 ; ent . obozr . 59 ( 4 ) : 858 ; tl : altai , kuraisky hr . u . rund . aktash , 2600m\nethmia praeclara ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 254 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]\nethmia falkovitshi shovkoon , 2010 ; nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 138 ; tl : kazakhstan , mangistau , n 43\u00b044 ' 04\ne 53\u00b037 ' 17\nethmia lassenella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 9 ( 1 - 4 ) : 92 ; tl : redington , pima co . , arizona\nethmia umbricostella caradja , 1927 ; mem . sect . stiint . acad . rom . ( 3 ) 4 ( 8 ) : 421 ; tl :\nszetschwan tatsienlu\nethmia bisignata kun , 2002 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 171 ; tl : sw . celebes , pangean , near maros , 2000ft\nethmia iridella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 131 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11i ; tl : mexico , puebla , tehuacan\nethmia janzeni powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 134 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12b ; tl : mexico , temescal , oaxaca\nethmia cypraspis meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 263 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil\nethmia cubensis busck , 1934 ; 164 , pl . 23 , f . 2 , pl . 26 , f . 3 ; tl : cuba , sierra maestra , comaquey\nethmia duckworthi powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 165 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 14g ; tl : panama , barro colorado island\nethmia julia powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 168 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15b ; tl : puerto rico , isabela substation\nethmia calumniella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 182 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16d ; tl : brazil , santarem , para\nethmia clava powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 205 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18j ; tl : mexico , cordoba , veracruz\nethmia cassiopeia meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 362 ; tl : belgian congo , nw . kivu , upper oso r . , 4000ft\nethmia turkmeniella dubatolov & ustjuzhanin , 1998 ; nota lepid . 21 ( 2 ) : 101 ; tl : sw turkmenistan , sw . kopet - dag mts , kara - kala\nethmia papiella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 95 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7j ; tl : mexico , los mochis , sinaloa\nethmia notomurinella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 138 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12f ; tl : argentina , rio seco , cordoba\nethmia phylacops powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 143 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13a ; tl : mexico , chichen itza , yucatan\nethmia wellingi powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 158 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 14c ; tl : mexico , chichen itza , yucatan\nethmia nigritaenia powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 172 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15f ; tl : mexico , chichen itza , yucatan\nethmia semiombra nebulombra powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 190 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17d ; tl : mexico , merida , yucatan\nethmia penthica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 146 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : mexico , oaxaca\nethmia cordia powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 202 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18d ; tl : mexico , chichen itza , yucatan\nethmia discostrigella discostrigella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 92 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7f ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia volcanella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 97 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 8a - b ; tl : mexico , tehuantepec , oaxaca\nethmia hagenella hagenella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 109 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9f ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia abraxasella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 125 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia abraxasella abraxasella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 125 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11d ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia cupreonivella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 137 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia cellicoma ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 142 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia phylacis phylacis ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 146 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13c ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia farrella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 170 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15a ; tl : jamaica , nr farmouth , trelawny parish\nethmia antennipilosa wang & li , 2004 ; ent . news 115 ( 3 ) : 135 ; tl : china , hengxian ( 22 . 6\u00b0n , 109 . 2\u00b0 ) , guangxi\nethmia cribravia wang & li , 2004 ; ent . news 115 ( 3 ) : 136 ; tl : china , lijiang ( 26 . 8\u00b0n , 100 . 2\u00b0e ) , yunnan\nethmia duplicata meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 1 ) : 130 ; tl : patipola ( 6200ft ) , maskeliya , puttalam , ceylon\nethmia ustyurtensis nupponen , 2015 ; shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 126 ; tl : sw - kazakhstan , 43\u00b024 ' 27\nn 54\u00b033 ' 34\ne , 80m\nethmia albistrigella icariella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 83 , 216 ( list ) ; tl : california , inyo co . , near mono pass , 12500ft\nethmia thomaswitti kun , 2004 ; acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 343 ; tl : s . sulawesi , puncak palopo ( 2 . 55\u00b0s , 120 . 05\u00b0e )\nethmia clarkei powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 117 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10d ; tl : mexico , quintana roo , isla de mujeres\nethmia scythropa walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 148 , pl . 5 , f . 13 ; tl : costa rica , banana river\nethmia phylacis walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 147 , pl . 5 , f . 12 ; tl : mexico , durango , presidio\nethmia phylacis ornata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 147 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia baliostola walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 144 , pl . 5 , f . 5 ; tl : costa rica , banana river\nethmia omega powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 182 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16e ; tl : brazil , pelotas , rio grande do sul\nethmia heptasticta walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 146 , pl . 5 , f . 8 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , tonalapa\nethmia ubsensis ; [ nhm card ] ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 148 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 129\nethmia charybdis ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 32 ; [ nacl ] , # 972 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia hagenella ; [ nacl ] , # 989 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 109 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia perpulchra walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 146 , pl . 5 , f . 14 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , orizaba\nethmia ornata busck , [ 1934 ] ; ent . am . ( n . s . ) 13 ( 4 ) : 168 , pl . 35 , f . 2 ; tl : cuba\nethmia cyanea walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 144 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac\nethmia scutula powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 203 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18g ; tl : mexico , 6 mi s of culiacan , sinaloa\nethmia powelli heppner , 1988 ; j . lep . soc . 42 ( 4 ) : 281 , f . 1 - 4 ; tl : 1mi sw islamorada , upper matecumbe key , florida\nethmia ( ethmiinae ) ; zimmerman , 1978 , ins . hawaii 9 ( 2 ) : 925 ; [ nacl ] , 12 ; [ richard brown ] ; [ afromoths ] ; [ fe ]\nethmia orestella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 84 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6h ; tl : colorado , hall valley , 11500ft , park co .\nethmia plagiobothrae powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 77 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5j , 22c ; tl : california , cool , el dorado co .\nethmia vietmiella kun , 2001 ; ann . hist . nat . mus . nat . hung . 93 : 213 ; tl : vietnam , vinh phu , tam dao , 55km nnw hanoi , 800m\nethmia linsdalei powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 116 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10c ; tl : mexico , 20 mi e of el camaron , oaxaca\nethmia sandra powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 166 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 3d , 14i ; tl : el salvador , 13km n of san salvador\nethmia howdeni powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 176 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15h ; tl : mexico , 21 mi e of villa union , sinaloa\nethmia lichyi powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 180 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 2e , 4b , 16c ; tl : venezuela , cuenca del rio borborata\nethmia hodgesella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 196 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17i ; tl : arizona , madera canyon , 4880ft , santa rita mtns\nethmia oterosella busck , [ 1934 ] ; ent . am . ( n . s . ) 13 ( 4 ) : 165 ; tl : estacion experimental agronomica , santiago de las vegas , cuba\nethmia epileuca powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 86 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6j ; tl : california , surprise canyon , panamint mtns , inyo co .\nethmia tricula powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 79 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6a ; tl : california , 3 mi ne of moreno , riverside co .\nethmia timberlakei powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 100 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 8g ; tl : california , citrus experiment station , riversite , riversite co .\nethmia mimihagenella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 111 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9h ; tl : new mexico , gran quivira national monument , socorro co .\nethmia burnsella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 111 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9j ; tl : texas , palo duro canyon , 2800ft , randall co .\nethmia cypraeella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 124 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11c ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia chalcodora ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 141 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12i ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia gelidella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 149 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13e ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia zebrata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 151 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13g ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia humilis powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 169 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15c - d ; tl : jamaica , constant spring , st . andrew parish\nethmia coronata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 171 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15e ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia conglobata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 185 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16i ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia cyanea ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 186 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16j ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia baja powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 198 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18b ; tl : mexico , 26 mi w of la paz , baja california\nethmia pala powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 204 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18h - i ; tl : mexico , 6 mi s of culiacan , sinaloa\nethmia heptasticta ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 207 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia joviella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 211 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19f ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia comitella ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , insecta koreana 19 ( 2 ) : ( 131 - 136 ) ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 129\nethmia sibirica ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 164 ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 147\nethmia davisella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 115 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10b ; tl : mexico , 6 mi s of ciudad victoria , tamaulipas , 1050ft\nethmia abraxasella clarissa ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 127 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11e ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia flavicaudata walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 145 , pl . 5 , f . 7 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , san juan , 600ft\nethmia sphenisca powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 205 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 19a ; tl : mexico , 10 mi w of el salto , durango , 9000ft\nethmia angustalatella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 214 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19j ; tl : mexico , 3 mi e of galeana , nueva leon , 5000ft\nethmia brevistriga aridicola powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 76 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5h ; tl : california , 2 mi ne of lakeside , san diego co .\nethmia ultima ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 169 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 129\nethmia geranella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 242 , pl . 27 , 34 ; tl : la puerta valley , california\nethmia subsimilis ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 117 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10e - f ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia kirbyi ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 118 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10g - h ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia nivosella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 129 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 2b , 11g ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia phoenicura ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 150 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 3b , 13f ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia paucella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 156 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 2c , 14b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia semiombra semiombra ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 189 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17b - c , 20g - h ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia punctessa powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 213 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19h - i ; tl : mexico 3 mi e of galeana , nueva leon , 5000ft\nethmia discostrigella subcaerulea ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 93 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7g ; [ nacl ] , # 980a ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia scylla ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 12 ; [ nacl ] , # 966 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia brevistriga brevistriga ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 17 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 75 , 216 ( list )\nethmia minuta ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 30 ; [ nacl ] , # 970 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia monticola ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 104 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 987 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia monticola emmeli powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 106 , pl . 9a ; tl : arizona , fort valley , 7350ft , 7 . 5 mi nw of flagstaf , coconin co .\nethmia timberlakei ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 53 ; [ nacl ] , # 984 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia longimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 999 ; [ nhm card ] ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 177 , 218 ( list ) ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia plaumanni powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 183 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16f ; tl : brazil , nova teutonia , santa catarina ( 27\u00b011 ' , 52\u00b023 ' )\nethmia albicostella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 190 , 218 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 1001 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia playa powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 197 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18a ; tl : mexico , rio del fuertte , 13 mi n of los mochis , sinaloa\nethmia scylla powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 74 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 1d , 5f , 21a - d ; tl : california , russelmann park , contra costa co .\nethmia szabokyi kun , 2001 ; ann . hist . nat . mus . nat . hung . 93 : 212 ; tl : nepal , annapurna h , 1km n of syange , 1200m 84\u00b025 ' e , 28\u00b024 ' n\nethmia charybdis powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 80 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 1e , 6b ; tl : california , big panoche creek , at san benito - fresno county line\nethmia rhomboidella walsingham , 1897 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1897 ( 1 ) : 45 , pl . 3 , f . 15 ; tl : natal , malvern ; french congo , kangw\u00e9 , ogow\u00e9 river\nethmia palawana ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 253 ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2004 , acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 347\nethmia epilygella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 137 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12e ; tl : brazil , nova teutonia , santa cathrarina ( 27\u00b011 ' s , 52\u00b023 ' w )\nethmia pyrausta ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 165 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]\nethmia nigripedella ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 166 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]\nethmia nigrimaculata ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 167 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]\nethmia macneilli powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 101 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 8d ; tl : california , rock cree , 1 mi w of tom ' s place , mono co .\nethmia persica kun , 2007 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung 99 : 102 ; tl : iran , b\u00fcyer ahmad , 3km n of sisaht , 2700m , 51\u00b023 ' 21\ne , 31\u00b009 ' 22\nn\nethmia apicipunctella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 88 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7a ; [ nacl ] , # 978 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia euphoria kun , 2007 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung 99 : 104 ; tl : turkey , agri , karasu - aras mts . 5 km se of sarican , 2000m , 39\u00b047 ' n , 42\u00b028 ' e\nethmia zelleriella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 112 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9e ; [ nacl ] , # 992 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia mirusella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 192 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17f ; [ nacl ] , # 1002 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia trifurcella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 193 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17g ; [ nacl ] , # 1003 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia minuta powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 78 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 3e , 5k - l , 21e - f ; tl : california , 3 mi ne of moreno , riverside co .\nethmia hagenella josephinella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 110 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9g ; [ nacl ] , # 989a ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia fritillella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 136 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12d ; tl : brazil , nova teutonia , santa catharina , 300 - 500m ( 27\u00b011 ' s , 52\u00b023 ' w )\nethmia notatella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 154 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 4e , 13i ; [ nacl ] , # 995 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia marmorea ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 194 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 4a , 17h ; [ nacl ] , # 1004 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia monticola fuscipedella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 107 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9b - c ; [ nacl ] , # 987b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia terpnota walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 147 , pl . 5 , f . 11 ; tl : costa rica , volcan de irazu , 6000 - 7000ft ; san jos\u00e9 , 4000ft ; tuis , 2400ft\nethmia confusella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 162 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 2d , 14d - e ; [ nacl ] , # 996 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia gigantea ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 63 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 187 , 218 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia semiombra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 127 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 188 , 218 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 1000 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia mansita ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 87 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 90 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7e ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia proximella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 117 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 122 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11a ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia submissa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 133 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 135 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12c ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia mnesicosma ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 148 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13d ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 24 , 10 ( list )\nethmia cubensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 41 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 161 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 16b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia striatella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 133 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 164 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 14f ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia penthica ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 108 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 200 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18c ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia oterosella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 104 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 208 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19c ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia phylacis ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 146 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 23 , 10 ( list )\nethmia soljanikovi ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 164 ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 149 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 127\nethmia zaguljaevi ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 164 ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 142 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128\nethmia umbrimarginella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 142 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 70 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5a ; [ nacl ] , # 962 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia brevistriga ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 27 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 75 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 967 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia macelhosiella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 86 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 99 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 982 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia hiramella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 69 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 155 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 3a , 13j , 14a ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia terpnota ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 130 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11h ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 16 , 9 ( list )\nethmia ungulatella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 139 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12g ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 19 , 9 ( list )\nethmia exornata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 144 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 20 , 10 ( list )\nethmia chemsaki ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 154 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13h ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 25 , 10 ( list )\nethmia catapeltica ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 174 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15g ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 39 , 10 ( list )\nethmia bittenella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 217 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 994 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 12 , 9 ( list )\nethmia albistrigella ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 35 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 81 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 973 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia discostrigella ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 46 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 92 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 980 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia lassenella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 79 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 71 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5b ; [ nacl ] , # 963 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia monachella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 94 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 73 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5e ; [ nacl ] , # 965 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia caliginosella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 28 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 108 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9d ; [ nacl ] , # 988 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia prattiella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 116 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 209 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19d ; [ nacl ] , # 1007 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia cirrhocnemia ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 166 ; kun , 2002 , insecta koreana 19 ( 2 ) : ( 131 - 136 ) ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]\nethmia geranella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 62 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 99 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 8e - f ; [ nacl ] , # 983 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia bipunctella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 103 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 986 ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 165 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]\nethmia semilugens ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 40 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 85 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6i ; [ nacl ] , # 976 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia delliella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 114 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10a ; [ nacl ] , # 993 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 11 , 9 ( list )\nethmia festiva ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 56 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 123 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11b ; [ nhm card ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 12 , 9 ( list )\nethmia albitogata ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 22 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 76 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 1c , 5i ; [ nacl ] , # 968 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nethmia duckworthi ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 49 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 31 , 10 ( list )\nethmia scythropa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 126 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 127 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 14 , 9 ( list )"]}
{"id": 1578, "summary": [{"text": "the peltogastridae are a family of barnacles belonging to the bizarre parasitic and highly apomorphic superorder rhizocephala , and therein to the less diverse of the two orders , the kentrogonida .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the peltogastridae are by far the largest family of rhizocephala .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "they comprise 14 genera : angulosaccus reinhard , 1944 boschmaia reinhard , 1958 briarosaccus boschma , 1930 cyphosaccus reinhard , 1958 dipterosaccus van kampen & boschma , 1925 galatheascus boschma , 1929 parthenopea kossmann , 1874 peltogaster rathke , 1842 peltogastrella kr\u00fcger , 1912 pterogaster septosaccus duboscq , 1912 temnascus boschma , 1951 tortugaster reinhard , 1948 trachelosaccus boschma , 1928", "topic": 26}], "title": "peltogastridae", "paragraphs": ["kento furui added the japanese common name\n\u30ca\u30ac\u30d5\u30af\u30ed\u30e0\u30b7\u79d1\nto\npeltogastridae\n.\na new genus and two new species of peltogastridae ( crustacea : cirripedia : rhizocephala ) parasitizing hermit crabs from okinawa island ( ryukyu archi . . . - pubmed - ncbi\na new genus and two new species of peltogastridae ( crustacea : cirripedia : rhizocephala ) parasitizing hermit crabs from okinawa island ( ryukyu archipelago , japan ) , and their dna - barcodes .\nboyko , c . b . ; boxshall , g . ( 2018 ) . world list of rhizocephala . peltogastridae lilljeborg , 1861 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 134763 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nrhizocephalan parasites have a peculiar life cycle , and their adults lost almost all traits found usually in crustacea . despite some data on anatomy and ultrastructure of interna of peltogastridae , some crucial aspects of morphology are still unknown . for example , there is only one mentioning of myocytes found in interna of rhizocephalans ( sacculina carcini ) . so we aimed at studying the muscular system of the interna of peltogaster paguri using serial histological sectioning and fluorescent staining ( tritc - labeled phalloidin ) with confocal microscopy .\na new genus and two new species of peltogastridae , peltogaster postica sp . nov . and ommatogaster nana gen . et sp . nov . , are described from okinawa island , ryukyu islands , southwestern japan . the two new rhizocephalans were found to be parasitic on the estuarine hermit crabs , pagurus minutus hess , 1865 and diogenes leptocerus forest , 1956 , respectively . peltogaster postica sp . nov . is allied to p . curvata kossmann , 1874 , p . paguri rathke , 1842 , and p . reticulata shiino , 1943 , but is distinguished by its relative length and internal and external structures of the mature externa . ommatogaster gen . nov . is established for the present new species o . nana based on the morphologies of the visceral mass of the externa and the presence of a nauplius eye in the larvae . partial coi sequences were obtained from the two new species and one known species , dipterosaccus indicus van kampen and boschma , 1925 , to test the possible usefulness of the sequences as tags for species identification .\nlilljeborg , w . ( 1861 ) . suppl\u00e9ment au m\u00e9moire sur les genres liriope et peltogaster , h . rathke . nova acta regiae societatis scientiarum upsaliensis , seriei tertiae . 3 : 74 - 102 , pl . 6 . [ details ]\nboxshall , g . ( 2001 ) . cirripedia - parasitic rhizocephala , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 283 - 284 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nmartin , j . w . , & davis , g . e . ( 2001 ) . an updated classification of the recent crustacea . science series , 39 . natural history museum of los angeles county . los angeles , ca ( usa ) . 124 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nintegrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nfaculty of science , university of the ryukyus , senbaru 1 , nishihara , okinawa 903 - 0213 , japan . 4cd . riutae @ urltoken\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nscientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .\njavascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .\nmuscular system is a unidirectional spiral of muscular fibers going along the main trunk .\nwe suggest that muscular system have a role in peristaltic movements of rootlets and circulation of nutrients .\nwithin the wall of the main trunk we found striated muscular fibers . the majority of these fibers form a unidirectional single spiral . there are additional small fibers that connect the coils of the large spiral . the density of muscular fibers is highest near the externa stalk , and the number of muscle fibers decreases towards the distal part of the main trunk . we suggest that such a muscular system could provide peristaltic movements of the main trunk and the transport of nutrients through the interna .\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect \u00ae is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .\nthere are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :\nyou have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .\nyour browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .\nyour browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .\nthe date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .\nyou have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .\nthis site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .\nin general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .\naccessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2010 - 12 - 13 .\nin : nishimura , s . ( ed . ) , guide to seashore animals of japan with color pictures and keys , vol . ii . hoikusha , osaka , 133 - 136 ( in japanese ) .\noccurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )\ni det avancerade verktyget kan man s\u00f6ka ut och f\u00e5 fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst l\u00e4n , i en viss biotop , substrat , som p\u00e5verkas av en hotfaktor , eller som \u00e4r knutna till en sk v\u00e4rdart , t ex tr\u00e4det alm . dessa kan \u00e4ven kombineras .\ns\u00f6ka fram arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade , knutna till alm , \u00e4r beroende av d\u00f6d ved och som finns i kronobergs l\u00e4n .\ns\u00f6ka fram arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade , lever i sm\u00e5vatten och som p\u00e5verkas negativt av igenv\u00e4xning .\ndefaultl\u00e4get i verktyget \u00e4r arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade 2015 och dessa \u00e4r klassade p\u00e5 samtliga s\u00f6kfaktorer . under fliken r\u00f6dlistekategori kan man dock v\u00e4lja att \u00e4ven inkludera arter som inte \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade . om man v\u00e4ljer att inkludera icke r\u00f6dlistade arter beh\u00f6ver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte \u00e4r klassade p\u00e5 samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanst\u00e4llning av vad som \u00e4r komplett .\ndenna funktion anv\u00e4nds n\u00e4r du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka p\u00e5 deras namn . du kan ocks\u00e5 v\u00e4lja att anv\u00e4nda knappen \u201dj\u00e4mf\u00f6r arter\u201d f\u00f6r att se bilder , kartor och k\u00e4nnetecken i en j\u00e4mf\u00f6relsevy .\ndu kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via sl\u00e4kttr\u00e4det och d\u00e4r v\u00e4lja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat s\u00e4tt att g\u00f6ra ditt urval \u00e4r att anv\u00e4nda fliken \u201dfiltrera\u201d , d\u00e4r du kan s\u00f6ka p\u00e5 olika egenskaper . ovanf\u00f6r listan med s\u00f6kresultatet finns en knapp \u201dl\u00e4gg i mitt urval\u201d .\nthe mit license copyright ( c ) 2014 - 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{"id": 1595, "summary": [{"text": "chelidonichthys capensis , the cape gurnard , is a species of sea robin native to the western indian ocean where they occur at depths of from 10 \u2013 390 metres ( 33 \u2013 1,280 ft ) and in such countries as mozambique and namibia .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "the species is 75 centimetres ( 30 in ) tl in length and lives maximum to the age of 16 .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "this species is of commercial importance as a food fish . ", "topic": 15}], "title": "cape gurnard", "paragraphs": ["with reverso you can find the french translation , definition or synonym for cape gurnard and thousands of other words . you can complete the translation of cape gurnard given by the french - english collins dictionary with other dictionaries such as : wikipedia , lexilogos , larousse dictionary , le robert , oxford , gr\u00e9visse\nfood and agriculture organization of the united nations . fishstat . cape gurnard ( dimensionmember ) . ( latest update : 27 nov 2013 ) accessed ( 9 jul 2018 ) . uri : urltoken\ngurnards are caught between cape agulhas and the great kei river at depth shallower that 110m . management is considered to be largely effective . management is mainly directed at the target species hake ( msc certified ) and sole in the form of total allowable catch ( tac ) and permit limitations . a fishery conservation project ( fcp ) was developed to test a co - management approach for 10 non - target species in the sector . other concerns include the lack of information on impacts to sensitive shark , skates and ray populations as well as impacts to the seabed . efforts are underway to improve the scientific observer coverage at sea for this sector to better understand ecosystem impacts .\nwwf - sa recognition of the et project as an fcp for the inshore trawl fishery is temporarily on hold until there is agreement between rights holders in the sector on the continued implementation of the et project .\ngurnards ( chelidonichthys sp ) are long lived , endemic fish found on sandy or silty bottoms at depths from 10 m to 390 m . they are one of the most commonly caught bycatch species in both the inshore and offshore trawl sectors , however , they seem resilient to fishing pressure and stocks are currently believed to be under - exploited .\ngurnards are caught as bycatch in inshore trawl fishery for hake ( msc certified ) and sole using trawl nets . the fishery gear consists of trawl nets that are dragged along the seabed at depths in the area from the coast to the 110 m isobath or to 20 nautical miles from the coast , whichever is the greater distance . demersal trawling is known to damage the seabed ; the extent and impact of this damage remains unknown . trawling is not a selective fishing method and a number of other species are often caught in the nets ( fish , sharks and rays ) . substantial effort has been made to reduce seabird deaths through the use of tori lines and substantial effort is underway to better manage the principal bycatch stocks through a co - management pilot programme .\ngurnards are caught as bycatch within the within the offshore demersal trawl industry for hake using trawl nets that are dragged along the seabed at depths typically ranging from 110 m to 800 m ( known as \u201cdemersal trawl nets\u201d ) . the fishery gear consists of trawl nets that are dragged along the seabed at depths typically ranging from 110 m to 800 m . this type of trawling is known to damage the seabed ; the extent and impact of damage remains unknown . there are efforts underway to better understand benthic impacts , recovery potential , and to mitigate damage . trawling is not a selective fishing method and a number of other species are often caught in the nets ( fish , sharks and rays ) . substantial effort has been made to reduce seabird deaths through the use of tori lines and s research is underway to understand the impacts on key bycatch species .\ngurnards are caught as bycatch on the continental shelf edge and upper slope along the west coast from the namibian border southwards and on the south coast primarily around the agulhas bank . management is mainly focused on the target species ( hake ) in the form of total allowable catch ( tac ) , effort limitation and various permit conditions . there are some ecosystem - based management measures already in place such as precautionary catch limits on monkfish and kingklip and limited fishing areas . the ongoing fishery conservation project ( fcp\n) aims to improve the management of the main bycatch species as well as address any potential impacts on sharks , rays and other sensitive marine species .\ntrawl nets are dragged along the seabed at depths between 110 and 800 metres . demersal trawling is known to damage the seabed and is non - selective , resulting in the incidental bycatch of a number of species ( fishes , sharks , rays and seabirds ) . seabird bycatch has been reduced thanks to the introduction of tori lines , coloured streamers that deter birds , and improved methods for disposing fish discards .\ntrawl nets are dragged along the seabed up to 20 nautical miles from the coast or 110 metres deep , whichever is further . demersal trawling is known to damage the seabed and is non - selective , resulting in the incidental bycatch of a number of species ( fishes , sharks , rays and seabirds ) . seabird bycatch has been reduced thanks to the introduction of tori lines , coloured streamers that deter birds .\nstarted in 2004 , sassi was established to drive change in the local seafood industry by working with suppliers and sellers of seafood , as well as informing and inspiring consumers to make sustainable seafood choices .\nvolunteering can make a real difference to your own life and the lives of those around you . we welcome all sustainable seafood champions prepared to donate their time and effort .\nbecome a regular wwf - sassi supporter and help us ensure that the planet has enough sustainable seafood for future generations .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nenglish - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers\nelongate red fish with large head encased in bony plates . pectorial fin large with a thin black blotch ans white or pale blue spots on the inner side . pectorial fin rays present . dorsal surface reddish and is white or pinkish below .\nsea robins have six spiny\nlegs\n, three on each side . these legs are actually flexible spines that were once part of the pectoral fin . over time , the spines separated themselves from the rest of the fin , developing into feeler - like\nforelegs .\nthe pelvic fins have been thought to let the fish\nwalk\non the bottom , but are really used to stir up food\nfound from estuaries to edge of continental shelves over sand and sandy shell seabed ( ref . 9258 ) . reported to be often found in rivers\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nyou want to reject this entry : please give us your comments ( bad translation / definition , duplicate entries . . . )\nto add entries to your own vocabulary , become a member of reverso community or login if you are already a member .\njavascript has been deactivated in your browser . reactivation will enable you to use the vocabulary trainer and any other programs .\nyou are not signed in . please sign in or register for free if you want to use this function .\nwe are using the following form field to detect spammers . please do leave them untouched . otherwise your message will be regarded as spam . we are sorry for the inconvenience .\nthank you ! your message has now been forwarded to the pons editorial department .\ncollect the vocabulary that you want to remember while using the dictionary . the items that you have collected will be displayed under\nvocabulary list\n.\nif you want to copy vocabulary items to the vocabulary trainer , click on\nimport\nin the vocabulary list .\nplease note that the vocabulary items in this list are only available in this browser . once you have copied them to the vocabulary trainer , they are available from everywhere .\nunique : the editorially approved pons online dictionary with text translation tool now includes a database with hundreds of millions of real translations from the internet . see how foreign - language expressions are used in real life . real language usage will help your translations to gain in accuracy and idiomaticity !\nenter a word ( \u201cnewspaper\u201d ) , a word combination ( \u201cexciting trip\u201d ) or a phrase ( \u201cwith all good wishes\u201d ) into the search box . the search engine displays hits in the dictionary entries plus translation examples , which contain the exact or a similar word or phrase .\nthis new feature displays references to sentence pairs from translated texts , which we have found for you on the internet , directly within many of our pons dictionary entries .\na click on the tab \u201cusage examples\u201d displays a full inventory of translations to all of the senses of the headword . usage examples present in the pons dictionary will be displayed first .\nthe pons dictionary delivers the reliability of a dictionary which has been editorially reviewed and expanded over the course of decades . in addition , the dictionary is now supplemented with millions of real - life translation examples from external sources . so , now you can see how a concept is translated in specific contexts . you can find the answers to questions like \u201ccan you really say \u2026 in german ? \u201d and so , you will produce more stylistically sophisticated translations .\nthe \u201cexamples from the internet\u201d do , in fact , come from the internet . we are able to identify trustworthy translations with the aid of automated processes . the main sources we used are professionally translated company , and academic , websites . in addition , we have included websites of international organizations such as the european union . because of the overwhelming data volume , it has not been possible to carry out a manual editorial check on all of these documents . so , we logically cannot guarantee the quality of each and every translation . this is why they are marked \u201cnot verified by pons editors\u201d .\nwe are working on continually optimizing the quality of our usage examples by improving their relevance as well as the translations . in addition , we have begun to apply this technology to further languages in order to build up usage - example databases for other language pairs . we also aim to integrate these usage examples into our mobile applications ( mobile website , apps ) as quickly as possible .\nthe examples come from the entire data collection of the pons dictionary and are all editorially certified .\nthe urltoken website brings together statistics , maps , pictures , and documents on food and agriculture from throughout the fao organization in one convenient location . this means that instead of searching multiple sites and sources , you will be able to go to one central place in order to collect or view the data that interests you . to assist in data retrieval , the site provides an efficient search engine as well as easy - to - use navigation menus .\nheads up ! we will have a convenient download format available for this resource soon .\nfood and agriculture organization of the united nations . ( 2012 ) . fishstat . rome , italy : fao .\nfood and agriculture organization of the united nations . 2012 . fishstat . rome , italy : fao .\nfood and agriculture organization of the united nations . ( 2012 ) . fishstat . rome , italy , fao .\nthis translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .\nking place in the fifthyear of growth for both males and females . gut content analysis showed c . capensis to bean opportunistic feeder preying preferentially on the benthic crustaceans goneplax angulataand mursia cristimanus . landings from the commercial linefishery were insignificant whilst those for thecommercial trawl fishery ranged from 500 tonnes to 3250 tonnes b ~ tween 1984 to 1995 , and indicated that this species forms an important component of the south african trawlfishery bycatch . a first approximation of fishing mortality ( 0 . 36 year - i ) for the inshorecommercial trawl fishery was higher than that of natural mortality ( 0 . 25 year - i ) suggestingsome fishing pressure on this species on the agulhas bank . however this fishing mortalityvalue was significantly less than that for fo . 1 ( 4 . 78 year - i ) that was estimated using a yieldper - recruit model . viii"]}
{"id": 1605, "summary": [{"text": "metanephrops is a genus of lobsters , commonly known as scampi .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "important species for fishery include metanephrops australiensis ( australian scampi ) and metanephrops challengeri ( new zealand scampi ) .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "it differs from other lobsters such as homarus and nephrops norvegicus in that its two main claws are of equal size , rather than being differentiated into a crusher and a pincher .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "there are 18 extant species recognised in the genus : metanephrops andamanicus ( wood-mason , 1891 ) metanephrops arafurensis ( de man , 1905 ) metanephrops armatus chan & yu , 1991 metanephrops australiensis ( bruce , 1966 ) metanephrops binghami ( boone , 1927 ) metanephrops boschmai ( holthuis , 1964 ) metanephrops challengeri ( balss , 1914 ) metanephrops formosanus chan & yu , 1987 metanephrops japonicus ( tapparone-canefri , 1873 ) metanephrops mozambicus macpherson , 1990 metanephrops neptunus ( bruce , 1965 ) metanephrops rubellus ( moreira , 1903 ) metanephrops sagamiensis ( parisi , 1917 ) metanephrops sibogae ( de man , 1916 ) metanephrops sinensis ( bruce , 1966 ) metanephrops taiwanicus ( hu , 1983 ) metanephrops thomsoni ( bate , 1888 ) metanephrops velutinus chan & yu , 1991 a further three species are known from fossils : metanephrops jenkinsi feldmann , 1989 \u2013 late cretaceous metanephrops motunauensis jenkins , 1972 \u2013 pliocene metanephrops rossensis feldmann et al. , 1993 \u2013 late cretaceous", "topic": 14}], "title": "metanephrops", "paragraphs": ["this armored monster is really dangerous if you ' re under water . do you think you ' re safe just because there ' s no water near you ? metanephrops can cast an entire sea against you !\nchan , t . - y . and h . - p . yu , 1987 . metanephrops formosanus sp . nov . , a new species of lobster ( decapoda , nephropidae ) from taiwan . crustaceana , 52 : 172 - 186 , text fig . 1 , pls 1 , 2\nchan et al . ( 2009 ) recently showed that the banded and non - banded forms of metanephrops thomsoni were widely genetically divergent . the banded ( widespread ) form is now treated as a distinct species and named after a recent fossil , wongastacia taiwanica hu , 1983 ( see also tshudy et al . 2007 ) .\nnephrops and metanephrops are commercially exploited genera within the family nephropidae ( clawed lobsters ) . commercial fisheries for each genus exist in the northern and southern hemispheres and utilise trawling or trapping for capture . despite a relative lack of dedicated disease surveys on lobsters from these fisheries , several important symbionts and pathogens have been described . the most significant known pathogen of metanephrops ( challengeri ) is a microsporidian parasite ( myospora metanephrops ) which causes destruction of the skeletal and heart muscles of infected lobsters while the most significant known pathogen of nephrops ( norvegicus ) is a dinoflagellate parasite assigned to the genus hematodinium . this parasite has been responsible for an ongoing epidemic in fished populations of n . norvegicus in northern europe since at least the early 1980s and since then extensive studies on its life history and pathogenesis have occurred . despite these research efforts significant gaps exist in our knowledge of the effects of parasites such as hematodinium on the fished and non - fished portions of nephrops populations and on the effect of fishery practices on the spread of infection . furthermore , little is known about the effect of this ( and other ) pathogens on cohort survivability and the likelihood that early life stages will be effectively recruited to the fishery . this review summarises the available literature on diseases of these two lobster genera and provides an assessment of future research needs in this discipline .\nthis species is commercially harvested for food in korea and taiwan , generally by trawl - net fishing ( takeda 2001 ) . in taiwan it is often caught together with metanephrops formosanus ; it is less numerous but fetches a higher market price ( chan and yu 1987 ) . for both species the harvest is year - round although catches are not large ( chan and yu 1987 ) . this species is also exported under the name\npacific scampi\n. the catch is declinding in taiwan though no good fishery statistics are available . large amount of this species caught from the south china sea are imported to taiwan ( t . - y . chan pers . comm . 2009 ) .\nholthuis , l . b . 1991 . fao species catalogue . vol 13 . marine lobsters of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date . fao fisheries synopsis . 125 ( 13 ) : 292 p . [ details ]\nthe\nexpected\nis short term of expected average breeding time . this is the estimate time of a specific combination to get the desired results , after an average fail times . in other words , this time is used for comparing between combinations . the lesser the time is , the faster the combination will give you the right monster . there is also the breeding statistic percent , which is a bar with the percentage . this indicates how fast does it take to breed a x monster between different combinations .\nfirst , every combination has specific results with correspond chances . it ' s not difficult to calculate a average fail breeding time from the given combination . ( please note that average fail breeding time is different from expected average breeding time ! ) .\naverage fail breeding time = sum of all ( chance * breeding time of single result ) , exclude the target monster .\nchance of the desired monster : when the combination has x chance for the monster m , you have to breed about ( average ) 1 / x times to get the monster m , statistically ! if nothing got wrong , you will have that monster on the 1 / x try . therefore , you will have to\nused\n( 1 / x - 1 ) times for failing , the expected time will be expected average breeding time = average fail breeding time * ( 1 / x - 1 ) .\nthe x chance to get pandaken is 0 . 3 , so the eabt = afbt * ( 1 / 0 . 3 - 1 ) = 70 seconds\ndo the same steps , we got eabt of firesaur + greenasaur = 1m 53s .\nnow , you will see the first combination gives pandaken faster ( or more efficient ) than the second one , in a same period of time . that ' s what expected average breeding time is used for .\nthis metric is only used for comparing avg . time between the combinations . the fastest ( least time ) combination will be base as 100 % . other combinations if slower ( longer time ) will be decreased below 100 % , depends on how much it is longer .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nbatchelor , a . , de silva , r . , dyer , e . , kasthala , g . , lutz , m . l . , mcguinness , s . , milligan , h . t . , soulsby , a . - m . & whitton , f .\nhas been assessed as least concern . this species is fished for , both on a subsistence level and commercially , and there is evidence that stocks have been depleted within part of its range . however , this is not believed to being having an impact on the global population , which is broadly distributed throughout the indian oceana and central western pacific .\nbrunei darussalam ; china ( fujian , guangdong , guangxi , hainan ) ; hong kong ; india ( andaman is . , nicobar is . ) ; indonesia ( kalimantan , sulawesi , sumatera ) ; kenya ; macao ; malaysia ; myanmar ( coco is . , myanmar ( mainland ) ) ; singapore ; somalia ; taiwan , province of china ; tanzania , united republic of ; thailand ; viet nam\naccording to chan and yu ( 1991 ) this species is actually quite poorly known . this is because most of the previous records , including commercially - caught specimens , belong to different species . it was caught in small quantities off the northeast coast of somalia ( van zalinge 1988 ) and kenya ( de sousa 1988 ) , and more regularly in southern zanzibar at depths of 205 - 300 m ( jiddawi and pandu 1988 ) . its highest abundance was thought to be in the south china sea ( carpenter and niem 1998 ) , though this is now severely depleted due to fishing pressure ( t . y . chan pers . comm . 2009 ) .\nthis species ranges from 250 - 750 m in depth , but is mostly found between 300 - 450 m ( holthuis 1991 ) . its substrate is hard mud , and it\npossibly lives in burrows\naccording to holthuis ( 1991 ) .\nthis species is fished both at a subsistence level , and at a commercial level ( t . y . chan pers . comm . 2008 ) .\nthis species was mentioned as\na potential fishery resource off hong kong\n( longhurst 1970 ) . holthuis ( 1991 ) thought this was likely to be true in other parts of its range . this was due to its size and habitat , on trawlable seabeds , and it was described as\nthe only species [ of lobster ] of some commercial importance at this time in the western indian ocean\n( fischer and bianchi 1984 ) . it was caught in small numbers by trawling off the coast of somalia ( van zalinge 1988 ) , and in greater numbers at the southern end of the zanzibar channel where it is not exploited ( jiddawi and pandu 1988 ) . attempts in kenya to develop offshore trawling were unsuccessful ( de sousa 1988 ) . chan and yu ( 1991 ) supposed that due to its large size , commercial trawling of this species may be viable ; however , it is unknown how widely this has been taken on since then .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nhas been assessed as data deficient . this species is harvested commercially , though it is not known to what extent this is impacting upon the global population other than that landings are in decline . research efforts need to focus on establishing a monitoring program from which to estimate rates of decline before a more accurate assessment of conservation status can be made .\nthis species is commercially caught in tawian , although in smaller numbers compared to related species ( chan and yu 1991 ) . the reason for this is unknown ; it may be due to it being more difficult to catch ( inhabiting deeper and more rocky areas difficult to trawl ) , or less abundant ( chan and yu 1991 ) .\nthis species is found on rocky sea floors at depths of 150 - 450 m ( chan and yu 1991 ) .\nthis species is fished commercially in taiwan , and fetches a high price at markets ( nt $ 300 - 400 / kg ) due to its large size ( chan and yu 1991 ) .\nthis species is caught for human consumption ; however ,\nit is less common in the markets than other species\n( holthuis 1991 : 68 ) . the catch of this species is declining but there is a lack of fishery statistics from which to calculate rates of decline ( t . y . chan pers . comm . 2009 ) .\nthere are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . research efforts need to focus on establishing a monitoring program for this species to determine rates of decline .\nhas been assessed as data deficient . this species is heavily fished throughout its range and declines in the catch have been reported . however , no catch statistics are available from which to determine stock status . further research is needed on fishing effort and harvest levels before a more accurate assessment of conservation status can be made .\nthis species is distributed from southern japan , south korea , china , and taiwan , to the south china sea ( takeda 2001 ) .\nthis species appears to be abundant around taiwan ( chan and yu 1987 ) .\nthis species is found on sandy mud bottoms at depths of between 50 m and 500 m . in the east china sea females are generally ovigerous from mid - september to mid - april , and lay less than 1 , 500 eggs ( holthuis 1991 , wallner and phillips 1995 ) . peak catches of this species occur at night - time ( aguzzi et al . 2003 ) .\nthere are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . monitoring of the harvest levels and fishing effort is needed .\nhas been assessed as data deficient . further information on the impact of commercial exploitation on its population size and trends is required . this species is harvested throughout much of its range . despite anecdotal and observational evidence from fishermen about population declines , there is a lack of quantitative data from which to quantify rates of decline . further research is recommended to determine the abundance of this species and the impact of trawling before a more accurate assessment of conservation status can be made .\nthis species occurs off the pacific coast of japan : from choshi , honshu to the east coast of kyushu ( holthuis 1991 ) .\nthis species is found in mud substrate at depths of 200 - 440 m , preferring 200 - 300 m ( holthuis 1991 ) .\nthis species is fished using pots and by commercial trawlers throughout its range ( holthuis 1991 ) . it is sold both fresh and frozen , and is a highly - prized gourmet species . it is mainly fished in chiba , suruga bay , the boso peninsula , and sagami bay during the cold seasons ( chan and yu 1991 , okamoto 2008 ) .\nthe stock of sagami bay appears not to be large , and is threatened by high fishing pressure . so far this has not caused a significant change in the size distribution of the catch , although this may be due to the aggregating nature of this species into size groups ( chan and yu 1991 ) . over - fishing has resulted in decreased numbers . rearing of juveniles in captivity has been successful ( okamoto 2008 ) . however the lack of catch per unit effort data makes it difficult to interpret these observations .\nthere are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . studies have investigated captive rearing of this species with some success ( okamoto 2005 , 2008 ) . this is part of a project initiated to develop land - based aquaculture in order to restock overfished areas ( e . g . , suruga bay ) ; something which has not been achieved with any nephropid lobster ( okamoto 2008 ) . further work is needed to determine the impact of trawling on populations , especially those which might be affected by high fishing pressure . if there is evidence that populations are being severely impacted further measures may need to be introduced ( if not already in place ) to limit the size and / or timing of catches . these include : license limitation ; vessel restrictions ; seasonal closures or periods of no fishing and minumum size limits . although chan and yu ( 1991 ) reported no change in size distribution in harvested populations .\nhas been assessed as data deficient . this species is only known from the coast of taiwan , and is harvested regularly and declines in the catch have been reported . further research is required to assess the population size of this species , as well as the impact of commercial exploitation before a more accurate assessment can be made .\nthis species is only known from the northeast and south coasts of taiwan ( holthuis 1991 ) .\nthis species is found at depths of 150 - 400 m , preferring depths of approximately 250 m , with mud or sand substrates ( holthuis 1991 ) . spawning is in late autumn ( holthuis 1991 ) .\naccording to chan and yu ( 1987 , 1991 ) this species is caught regularly and throughout the year . it constitutes part of the major catch of\nspp . in taiwan , with fresh specimens fetching a high price in local markets ( chan and yu 1987 , 1991 ) . however , catches are low and not constant , likely due to the difficulty of trawling this species ( it occurs near deep , rocky areas ) , and the relatively small size of the stock ( chan and yu 1991 ) . furthermore , local fisherman reported no change in the size of catches over time despite frequent collection of juveniles ( chan and yu 1991 ) , though catch of this species is known to be declining in recent years ( t . y . chan pers . comm . 2009 ) .\nthis species is fished commercially by baby shrimp trawlers ( chan and yu 1991 ) , however it is known what impact commercial exploitation is having on the population numbers of this species .\nthere are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . further work is recommended to determine present population size and the impact of commercial exploitation .\nthis article or section is in the process of being built or revamped . if you have anything to contribute then please , make helpful contributions or wait for this banner to be removed .\nname is a combination of\nmetal\nand\nnephropidae ,\nthe scientific name for lobsters .\ncan ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .\ntype locality :\nchallenger\nstation 204a , . . . lat . 12\u00b043 ' n . , long . 122\u00b09 ' e . ; between samboangan [ = zamboanga ) and manila ; depth , 100 fathoms [ = 182 m ] ; bottom , green mud\n. male lectotype in\nindo - west pacific region : korea ( korea strait ) , china ( yellow sea , east china sea , south china sea ) , japan ( from tosa bay on the east coast of shikoku island , and the west coast of kyushu south to the ryukyu islands ) , taiwan , andthe philippines ( off tablas ) .\nfemales are generally caught in the east china sea from the middle of september to the middle of april . the larval development has been described by uchida and dotsu ( 1973 : 23 - 35 ) .\nmaximum total body length about 15 cm , usually not more than 12 cm .\nin korea the species is offered for sale at the busan markets . according to uchida and dotsu ( 1973 : 23 ) the species\nis usually caught in the east china sea by trawl net fishing and used as food\n. in taiwan the species is sold in markets , and its price is higher than that of\n: 48 ) . motoh , dimaano and pution ( 1978 : 22 ) mention that\na kind of red shrimp ( probably nephrops thomsoni )\nis caught by a bobo (\na kind of baited trap\n)\nat deeper water exceeding to 40 m\n, in mindanao , philippines .\n, report voyage challenger , zool . , 24 : 185 , pl . 25 fig . 1 , pl . 26 figs . 1 - 9 .\nchina ( province of taiwan ) : te - chia shia ( also used for other species of the genus ) .\nbaba , k . , k . - i . hayashi and m . toriyama , 1986 . decapod crustaceans from continental shelf and slope around japan . the intensive research of unexploited fishery resources on continental slopes : 1 - 336 , figs 1 - 22 , coloured figs 1 - 176 . ( japan fisheries resource conservation association , tokyo ) .\nbate , c . s . , 1888 report on the crustacea macrura collected by h . m . s . challenger during the years 1873 - 76 . report scientific results voyage challenger , ( zool ) , 24 : i - xc , 1 - 942 , text figs . 1 - 76 , pls 1 - 150 .\nmotoh , h . , m . dimaano and n . putian , 1978 . ecological survey of the giant tiger prawn , penaeus monodon and other edible crustaceans in mindanao ( sept . 3 to 18 , 1978 ) : 1 - 40 , figs 1 - 17 ( aquaculture department seafdec , iloilo ) .\nuchida , t . and y . dotsu , 1973 . on the larva hatching and larval development of the lobster , nephrops thomsoni . collection of the t . s . nagasaki maru of nagasaki university . iv . bulletin faculty fisheries nakasaki university , 36 : 23 - 35 , figs 1 - 7\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\neuropean community reference laboratory for crustacean diseases , centre for environment , fisheries and aquaculture science ( cefas ) , barrack road , weymouth , dorset dt4 8ub , united kingdom . grant . stentiford @ urltoken"]}
{"id": 1606, "summary": [{"text": "amastra elongata was a species of air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family amastridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species was endemic to o\u02bbahu . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "amastra elongata", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\ncowie , r . h . , n . l . evenhuis , c . c . christensen . 1995b . catalog of the native land and freshwater molluscs of the hawaiian islands . backhuys publishers : leiden , the netherlands . 248 pp .\nextinct ( hawaii biological survey web site http : / hbs . bishopmuseum . org / endangered / ext - snails . html , updated 9 february 1997 ) .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\nthis species was originally described from oahu , hawaiian islands ( johnson , 1996 ) .\noccurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens , including live specimens or recently dead shells ( i . e . , soft tissue still attached without signs of external weathering or staining ) , at a given location with potentially recurring existence . weathered shells constitute a historic occurrence . evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data ; unpublished , though documented ( i . e . government or agency reports , web sites , etc . ) observation or collection data ; or museum specimen information .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\ncaum , e . l . 1974 . check list of hawaiian land and fresh water mollusca . bulletin of the bernice p . bishop museum , honolulu , 56 : 1 - 80 .\njohnson , r . i . 1996 . types of land and freshwater mollusks from the hawaiian islands in the museum of comparative zoology , bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology , harvard university , 155 ( 4 ) : 159 - 214 .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\ndata and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho .\nevi , an amazon company , was founded in 2005 under the name true knowledge . the team started out with a mission to make it possible to access the world ' s knowledge simply by asking for information using natural language .\nwe\u2019re part of the amazon alexa team based in amazon ' s innovative cambridge development centre , alongside other amazon teams including prime air , core machine learning , amazon devices and amazon web services ."]}
{"id": 1607, "summary": [{"text": "bebearia partita , the falcate forester , is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in cameroon , the republic of the congo , the democratic republic of the congo ( mongala , uele , ituri , north kivu , tshopo , equateur , kinshasa , cataractes , kwango , sankuru and lualaba ) and uganda ( bwamba and toro ) .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of forests .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the larvae feed on hypselodelphys species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "bebearia partita", "paragraphs": ["bebearia partita ; ypm ent 422418 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05\nbebearia partita ; ypm ent 422414 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05\nbebearia partita ; ypm ent 422420 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; robert h . carcasson ; 1956 - 05\nbebearia ( bebearia ) aurora graueri hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 31\netude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe brunhilda kby\netude des bebearia ( note no . 7 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe severini aur .\nbebearia mandinga beni hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 11\nbebearia sophus monforti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 20\nbebearia hassoni hecq , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 2 ) : 39\nbebearia fontaineana intersecta hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 35\nremarques sur quelques especes de nymphalidae africains des genres euphaedra , bebearia et euriphene .\netude des bebearia ( note no 4 ) . sous - genre apectinaria hecq groupe mardania\nbebearia cocalioides hecqi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 46\nrevision du genre bebearia . note no . 1 . le groupe ' flaminia ' stgr .\nbebearia dowsetti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 25 ; tl : rwanda\nbebearia bouyeri van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 40\netude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . les groupes du sous - genre apectinaria hecq\nbebearia ultima hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 38 ; tl : basse casmance\nbebearia faraveli oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 35 ; tl : gabon\nbebearia paludicola holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : cameroon\nbebearia tini oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : lolo valley\nbebearia cocalia insularis kielland , 1985 ; arnoliad zimbabwe 9 ( 19 ) : 271 ; tl : pemba i .\nbebearia orientis malawiensis holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 56 ; tl : malawi\nbebearia paludicola blandi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 48 ; tl : ghana\nbebearia aurora theia hecq , 1989 ; lambillionea 89 : 72 ; tl : shaba , riv . lulua , kapanga\nbebearia flaminia leventisi hecq & larsen , 1997 ; lambillionea 97 ( 1 ii ) : 102 , f . 1\nbebearia hemming , 1960 ; annot . lep . ( 1 ) : 12 - 17 ; ts : euryphene iturina karsch\nbebearia improvisa ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 1\nbebearia ivindoensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 36 ; tl : gabon\nbebearia lopeensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : gabon\n= bebearia senegalensis katera ; hancock , 1992 , j . lep . soc . 46 ( 1 ) : 60 \u2642 only\n, butterflies of the world part ix ( 9 ) , nymphalidae iv - bebearia . edited by erich bauer and thomas frankenbach keltern\nbebearia aurora ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 15 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia kiellandi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia ikelemba kamituga ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia hargreavesi d ' abrera , 1980 ; butterflies of the afrotropical region : 302 ; tl : masisi , n . w . kivu , 5000ft\nbebearia fontaineana fontaineana ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 7 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia fontaineana intersecta ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia amieti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 1 , pl . 2 , f . 7 , 10 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia dowsetti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia peetersi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia tessmanni innocuoides hecq , 2000 ; butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 7 ; tl : nigeria , okomu\nbebearia ducarmei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia bioculata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 21 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia cutteri camiadei hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 2 , 5 ; tl : congo , bangui\nbebearia baueri ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 7 - 8 , pl . 31 , f . 1 - 2\nbebearia hargreavesi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 12 , f . 2 - 4 , 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia hassoni ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 7 , pl . 13 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia cottoni ; [ bafr ] , 301 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 9 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia fulgurata ; [ bafr ] , 303 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 9 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia fontainei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 13 , f . 3 - 4\nbebearia raeveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 4 , pl . 30 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia allardi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 13 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia picturata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia cutteri cuypersi hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 4 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; tl : congo , lukolela\nbebearia schoutedeni ; [ bafr ] , 316 ( text ) ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia ikelemba ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia discors ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 29 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia oremansi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 29 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia liberti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 19 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia tini ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 23 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 30 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia chilonis ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 27 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 32 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia faraveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 24 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 30 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia makala ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia chloeropis ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia braytoni ; [ bafr ] , 304 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]\nvan de weghe , 2007 description de trois nouvelles especes de bebearia du cameroun et du gabon , et mise au point sur certaines especes ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , limenitinae ) ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 35 - 43\nbebearia chriemhilda ; [ bafr ] , 302 ; [ bk ] : 308 , pl . 41 , f . 511 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia intermedia ; [ bafr ] , 314 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 22 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 2 ; [ afrl ]\nbebearia cinaethon ; [ bow ] : pl . 92 , f . 23 ( text only ) ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]\ndefining species groups is a convenient way of subdividing well - defined genera with a large number of recognized species . bebearia species are so arranged in assemblages called\nspecies groups\nbut ( not superspecies , but an informal phenetic arrangement ) . these may or may not be clades . as molecular phylogenetic studies continue , lineages distinct enough to warrant some formal degree of recognition become evident and new groupings are suggested , but consistent ranking remains a problem .\neuryphene tentyris hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] , pl . [ 22 ] , f . 21 - 22 ; tl : old calabar\neuryphene tentyris var . seeldrayersi aurivillius , 1899 ; k . svenska vetenskakad . handl . 31 ( 5 ) : 201 ; tl : congo , momporo\nguinea , sierra leone , libera , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]\nivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , congo , zaire . see [ maps ]\nsierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , w . uganda , nw . tanzania . see [ maps ]\neuryphene carshena hewitson , 1871 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene vii ) : [ 48 ] , pl . [ 24 ] , f . 31 - 32 ; tl : old calabar\neuryphene tentyris var . languida schultze , 1920 ; ergeb . 2tn . dt . zent . afrika exp . 1 ( 14 ) : 724\npapilio absolon fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 56\ne . guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire\neuryphene entebbiae lathy , 1906 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1906 ( 1 ) : 5 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : entebbe , uganda\nnigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire . see [ maps ]\nsierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda . see [ maps ]\naterica zonara butler , 1871 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1871 : 81 ; tl : fantee , cape coast\n: pl . 92 , f . 20 ( text only , spell . ? )\naterica abesa hewitson , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 1 ) : 74 ; tl : cape coast castle\nguinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire\neuryphene oxione hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] ; tl : old calabar\ncameroon , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda\neuryphene oxione squalida talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : entebbe\ncameroon , congo , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba , toro ) . see [ maps ]\neuryphene comus ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons\neuryphene cinaethon hewitson , 1874 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ix ) : [ 52 ] , pl . [ 26 ] , f . 40 - 41 ; tl : west africa\neuryphene ikelemba aurivillius , 1901 ; ent . tidskr . 22 : 116 ; tl : ikelemba r .\nguinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]\npapilio cocalia fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 250\nzaire ( kivu ) , w . uganda , w . kenya , nw . tanzania\neuryphene badiana rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 245 , pl . 20 , f . 23 - 24\ne . nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , n . angola , zaire , w . uganda , w . tanzania , w . zambia\nsenegal , gambia , guinea bissau , n . guinea , n . sierra leone , n . ivory coast . see [ maps ]\neuryphene senegalensis herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , [ 1850 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( ii ) 1 : 54 , 1 ( ? 6 ) pl . [ 23 ] , f . 95 - 98\neuryphene orientis karsch , 1895 ; ent . nachr . 21 ( 18 ) : 277\neuryphene mardania dealbata carcasson , 1958 ; occ . pap . coryndon mus . 5 : 8\nnigeria , cameroon , congo , w . zaire , n . angola . see [ maps ]\neuryphene guineensis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : guinea , calabar vetus\npapilio sophus fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 46\nguinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , . . . ?\neuryphene phreone feisthamel , 1850 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 2 ) 8 : 253 ( boisduval )\neuryphene sophus audeoudi riley , 1936 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 16 ( 11 ) : 702 , pl . 7 , f . 2\neyryphene sophus ochreata carcasson , 1961 ; occ . pap . coryndon meml mus . ( 7 ) : 8\naterica barce doubleday , 1847 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 20 : 64 ; tl : sierra leone\neuryphene barce maculata aurivillius , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 13 : 178 , pl . 40 a\neuryphene staudingeri aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 199 ; tl : camerun , n ' dian\nnigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , angola , zaire , uganda , nw . tanzania , n . zambia . see [ maps ]\nguinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]\ne . nigeria , cameroon , e . zaire , gabon . see [ maps ]\nnigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , c . a . r .\neuryphene brunhilda kirby , 1889 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 3 ( 15 ) : 247 ; tl : cameroons\neuryphene iturina karsch , 1894 ; ent . nachr . 20 ( 14 / 15 ) : 215\neuryphene schoutedeni overlaet , 1954 ; ann . mus . congo belge ( n . s . ) sci . zool . 1 : 490\ncoastal areas ( e . kenya , e . tanzania ) . see [ maps ]\neuryphene chriemhilda staudinger , 1896 ; dt . ent . z . iris 8 ( 2 ) : 370 , pl . 8 , f . 4\neuryphene congolensis capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxii ; tl : kassai\neuryphene phranza hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ii ) : [ 37 ] , pl . [ 19 ] , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : old calabar\neuriphene phranza robiginosus talbot , 1927 ; rev . zool . afr . 15 : 267\ncameroon - zaire ( mbandaka - ituri , kasai ) . see [ maps ]\neuryphene severini aurivillius , 1898 ; \u00f6fvers . k . vetenskakad . f\u00f6rh . stockh . 54 : 280 , f . 2 ; tl : congo , beni - bendi\neuryphene aurora aurivillius , 1896 ; \u00f6fvers . k . vetenskakad . f\u00f6rh . 53 : 433 ; tl : ubangi\neuryphene wilverthi aurivillius , 1898 ; ent . tidskr . 19 : 177 ; tl : congo\naurora kayonza jackson , 1956 ; j . e afr . nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 1 ) : 74\neuryphene tessmanni gr\u00fcnberg , 1910 ; s . b . ges . naturf . fr . berl . 1910 ( 10 ) : 471 ; tl : spanish guinea\neuryphene flaminia staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 110 , pl . 1 , f . 4 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons\ne . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , zaire , w . uganda ?\neuryphene maximiana staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 112 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons\neuryphene intermedia bartel , 1905 ; novit . zool . 12 : 144 ; tl : kamerun , barombi - station\neuryphene nivaria ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons\nnigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , w . zaire\neuryphene phantasiella staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : barombi station\neuryphene phantasiella simulata van someren , 1939 ; j . e . afr . uganda nat . hist . soc . 14 ( 65 ) : 54 ; tl : katera\neuryphene phantasiella var . ? phantasina staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : sierra leone\nguinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , e . nigeria\nsierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , w . nigeria , cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]\nguinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . nigeria\neuryphene demetra obsolescens talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : bitje , ja river\neuryphene makala bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 473 ; tl : makala , congo free state\neuryphene chloeropis bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala , congo free state\neuryphene eliensis hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 46 ] , pl . [ 23 ] , f . 23 - 26 ; tl : gaboon\nzaire , s . cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r .\nevena ceres var . unita capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxiv\neuryphene luteola bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala - beni ; ituri forest , mawamba - makala\neuryphene ashantina dudgeon , 1913 ; ent . mon . mag . 49 : 204 ; tl : ashanti , gold coast\nromaleosoma cutteri hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( romaleosoma ii - iii ) : [ 31 ] , pl . [ 16 ] , f . 13 - 15 ; tl : old calabar\neuphaedra cutteri harleyi fox , 1968 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 30 : 1248 ; tl : wanau forest\neuryphene innocua grose - smith & kirby , 1889 ; rhop . exot . [ 2 ] 1 : ( euryphene ) 1 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : cameroons\ne . nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r . , sw . zaire . see [ maps ]\ne . nigeria , cameroun , gabon , congo , w . zaire . see [ maps ]\neuryphene castanea holland , 1893 ; can . ent . 25 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : kangw\u00e9 , ogov\u00e9 valley\neuryphene ducalis gr\u00fcnberg , 1912 ; ergeb . dt . z . - afr . exped . 3 ( zool . 1 ) : 534\nchecklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nreise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera\n- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .\ncontribution a la faune du congo ( brazzaville ) . mission a . villiers et a . descarpentries lxviii . lepidopteres nymphalidae , danaidae et riodinidae\n( 1902 ) , : ( ragadia - argyronympha - hypocysta ) : 1 - 6 , pl . [ 1 ] ( 1895 ) , [ 2 ]\nillustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson\nlepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species\nnew lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera\nverzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge\nwissenschaftliche ergebnisse der expedition r . grauernach . zentralafrika . 1909 - 1911 . lepidoptera\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nbicyclus smithi ; ypm ent 406180 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05\nbicyclus smithi ; ypm ent 412904 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05\neuriphene barombina ; ypm ent 422169 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 06\ncopyright \u00a9 2016 yale university . all rights reserved . privacy policy its , campus community technologies , web technologies\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nin appearance . the females , especially , are very similar on their uppersides . the undersides of\n: hillside books . isbn 9783931374501 and supplement 3 - detailed text in french .\nseitz , a . die gross - schmetterlinge der erde 13 : die afrikanischen tagfalter . plate xiii 40 et seq .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 8 / 19 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files ."]}
{"id": 1613, "summary": [{"text": "the bonin flying fox , bonin fruit bat ( pteropus pselaphon ) , or in japanese ogasawara giant bat ( \u30aa\u30ac\u30b5\u30ef\u30e9\u30aa\u30aa\u30b3\u30a6\u30e2\u30ea ogasawara \u014dk\u014dmori ) is a species of flying fox in the family pteropodidae .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "it is endemic to four islands ( chichijima , hahajima , north iwo jima , and south iwo jima ) in ogasawara islands , japan .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "its natural habitat is subtropical forests .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "it is threatened by habitat loss . ", "topic": 17}], "title": "bonin flying fox", "paragraphs": ["information on the bonin flying fox is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .\nembed this arkive thumbnail link (\nportlet\n) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =\nurltoken\ntitle =\narkive species - bonin flying fox ( pteropus pselaphon )\n> < img src =\nurltoken\nalt =\narkive species - bonin flying fox ( pteropus pselaphon )\ntitle =\narkive species - bonin flying fox ( pteropus pselaphon )\nborder =\n0\n/ > < / a >\ndansk | just dance 2015 m . lassemedhatten | what does the fox say ! - knp 2015\nthis is the navigation link for moving toward in this page . go to main contents\nclassified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 2 ) .\nthis information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken\nnature picture library 5a great george street bristol bs1 5rr united kingdom tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 911 4675 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 911 4699 info @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken\nterms of use - the displayed portlet may be used as a link from your website to arkive ' s online content for private , scientific , conservation or educational purposes only . it may not be used within apps .\nmyarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members , allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends .\nteam wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet\u2019s species and habitats from destruction .\nwildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa\nkari pihlaviita added the finnish common name\nboninsaartenlenkko\nto\npteropus pselaphon lay , 1829\n.\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\na curated database of candidate human ageing - related genes and genes associated with longevity and / or ageing in model organisms .\na curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling .\nprojects focused on gene expression profiling of ageing and of dietary manipulations of ageing , such as caloric restriction .\nsoftware for ageing research , including the ageing research computational tools ( arct ) perl toolkit .\na curated database of ageing and life history information in animals , including extensive longevity records .\nthe benchmark genome assembly and annotation of the long - lived , cancer - resistant naked mole - rat ( heterocephalus glaber ) .\na high - coverage genome of the bowhead whale ( balaena mysticetus ) , the longest - lived mammal .\nanalyses using the anage database to study the evolution of longevity and ageing in vertebrate lineages .\na portal of ageing changes covering different biological levels , integrating molecular , physiological and pathological age - related data .\nthe whosage database contains people and biotech companies that are contributing to increase our understanding of ageing and life - extension .\n[ 0971 ] jones et al . ( 2003 ) , biological correlates of extinction risk in bats ( pubmed )\ncomments , suggestions , ideas , and bug reports are welcome . please contact us .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en\nurltoken\ncites is an international agreement between governments , aimed to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .\nthere are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :\nyou have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .\nyour browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .\nyour browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .\nthe date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .\nyou have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .\nthis site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .\nin general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it ."]}
{"id": 1620, "summary": [{"text": "viettessa margaritalis is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by hampson in 1899 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in the democratic republic of congo ( west kasai , katanga ) , mozambique , sierra leone and tanzania . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "viettessa margaritalis", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about viettessa bethalis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for viettessa bethalis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ south africa , northern cape ] , cape colony , deelfontein , leg . sloggett .\nhampson g . f . 1913b . descriptions of new pyralidae of the subfamily pyraustinae . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 8 ) 12 ( 67 ) : 1\u201338 ; ( 69 ) : 299\u2013319 .\nmey w . 2011 . basic pattern of lepidoptera diversity in southwestern africa . - esperiana memoir 6 : 1\u2013316 .\nobservation - silvery , pinkish moth - southern africa . description : one of the moths we found in the early evening on our table . it is shiny white , with pink / reddish parts on the rear end of the wings and a golden frame on the outside of the wings . it was about 10mm in length\none of the moths we found in the early evening on our table . it is shiny white , with pink / reddish parts on the rear end of the wings and a golden frame on the outside of the wings . it was about 10mm in length\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\namsel h . g . 1953 . neue kleinschmetterlinge aus nordwest - afrika . - bulletin de l ' institut fondamental d ' afrique noire 15 ( 4 ) : 1441\u20131460 .\ncopyright \u00a9 2014 - 2017 babylon software ltd . all rights reserved to babylon translation software\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 1630, "summary": [{"text": "delias pratti is a species of butterfly in the pieridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the type was described by george hamilton kenrick in 1909 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in papua new guinea , the type location is the foja mountains .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 50 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings and hindwings are black , the forewings are without markings and the hindwings have an inner white area between the cell and inner margin and between the base and outer margin to vein four . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "delias pratti", "paragraphs": ["buy butterflies for sale pieridae : delias pratti set 2 from arfak online . worldwide shipping ! beautiful insect butterflies for sale pieridae : delias pratti set 2 for sale at the bugmaniac , one of the world ' s largest dealers of preserved dried insects .\ndelias pratti ; [ ebw ] ; [ baur ] , 135 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 30 , f . 14\ndelias pratti kenrick , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 : 177 , pl . 6 , f . 2 ; tl : warmasin , 6000ft\nits actually delias kristianiae , which is closely related to the well known species delias pratti . photographs below . this is one of the species that i told henk van mastrigt ( the describer ) , that i was not totally convinced that it was a new species , but may turn out to be a new subspecies only ( the undersides are identical ) . however , owing to the fact that it was found in the foja mountains , and d . pratti is from the arfak mountains , at the other end of the island , and that the uppersides are very different , i was prepared to go along with him for the time being , but i told him not to be too surprised to find other intermediate specimens in between from other unexplored areas . the first two are d . kristianiae , the third & fourth d . pratti .\ndelias pulla talbot , 1937 ; monogr . gen . delias ( 6 ) : 585\ndelias waterhousei talbot , 1937 ; monogr . gen . delias ( 6 ) : 555\ndelias keda talbot , [ 1937 ] ; monogr . gen . delias ( 6 ) : 579\ndelias campbelli maria talbot , 1937 ; monogr . gen . delias ( 6 ) : 588 ( preocc . delias mariae joicey & talbot , 1916 )\ndelias acalis perakana talbot , 1928 ; monogr . gen . delias ( 1 ) : 30 ; tl : perak , malaysia\ndelias patrua shan talbot , 1937 ; monogr . gen . delias ( 6 ) : 266 ; tl : s . shan states , myanmar\ndelias klossi chrysanthemum ; yagishita , 1993 , in yagishita nakano & sadayuki , an ill . list of genus delias : pl . 129 , f . 6\ndelias klossi chrysanthemun [ sic ] ; yagishita , 1993 , in yagishita nakano & sadayuki , an ill . list of genus delias : 271 ( part )\ndelias dice mitisana f . leucana ; [ baur ] , 128 , f .\ndelias hiemalis hiemalis ; [ mastrigt ] : 49 , f . 133 - 136\ndelias hiemalis flabella ; [ mastrigt ] : 50 , f . 137 - 141\ndelias autumnalis michiae ; [ mastrigt ] : 56 , f . 161 - 164\ndelias hyparete luzonensis f . mindanaensis ; [ bor ] , 139 , f .\ndelias sanaca atsukoae nakano , 1993 ; ill . list . delias world : 11 , pl . 93 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : nan , thailand\ndelias nysa caledonica nieuwenhuis & howarth , 1969 ; ent . bericht . 29 : 86\n? delias dice mitisana f . latoclavata ; [ baur ] , 129 ( note )\ndelias leucobalia jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 585\ndelias nais maprikensis yagishita , 1993 ; in yagishita nakano & sadayuki , an ill . list of genus delias : 142 , 143 , pl . 60 , f . 9\ndelias mesoblema jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 584\ndelias callista jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 582\ndelias luctuosa jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 584\ndelias hapalina jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 583\ndelias isocharis rothschild & jordan , 1907 ; dt . ent . zs 1907 : 191\ndelias alepa jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 585\ndelias sigit ; [ mastrigt ] : 25 - 26 , f . 43 - 46\ndelias narses heller , 1896 ; ent . nachr . 22 ( 12 ) : 178\ndelias alberti rothschild , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 454\n? delias niasana var . amarilla kheil , 1884 ; rhopalocera ins . nias : ?\ndelias belladonna yukaae nakano , 1993 ; ill . list . delias world : 11 , pl . 98 , f . 1 - 4 ; tl : nan , n . thailand\ndelias itamputi hypomelas rothschild & jordan , 1907 ; dt . ent . zs 1907 : 190\ndelias hallstromi sanford & bennett , 1955 ; entomologist 88 ( no . 1100 ) : 2\ndelias gilliardi sanford & bennett , 1955 ; entomologist 88 ( no . 1100 ) : 2\n= delias lativitta yunnana ; huang , 2003 , neue ent . nachr . 55 : 79\ndelias menooensis menooensis ; [ mastrigt ] : 19 - 21 , f . 23 - 28\ndelias menooensis boschmai ; [ mastrigt ] : 21 - 22 , f . 29 - 32\ndelias bobaga bobaga ; [ mastrigt ] : 22 - 23 , f . 33 - 36\ndelias bobaga homeyo ; [ mastrigt ] : 24 - 25 , f . 37 - 42\ndelias walshae sanaeae ; [ mastrigt ] : 28 - 30 , f . 57 - 65\ndelias catocausta catocausta ; [ mastrigt ] : 33 - 36 , f . 75 - 81\ndelias catocausta eefi ; [ mastrigt ] : 36 - 37 , f . 82 - 85\ndelias roepkei roepkei ; [ mastrigt ] : 42 - 44 , f . 99 - 110\ndelias roepkei cieko ; [ mastrigt ] : 44 - 46 , f . 111 - 122\ndelias autumnalis autumnalis ; [ mastrigt ] : 53 - 54 , f . 147 - 153\ndelias nakanokeikoae yagishita , 1993 ; in yagishita nakano & sadayuki , an ill . list of genus delias : 1 - 2 , 263 ; tl : west irian , ilu - mulia\ndelias nakanokeikoae jali ; [ mastrigt ] : 58 - 59 , f . 167 - 168\ndelias klossi chrysanthemum f . deluna mastrigt , 2000 ; neue entomologische nachrichten , 48 : 64\ndelias aruna irma fruhstorfer , 1907 ; soc . ent . 21 ( 23 ) : 179\ndelias doylei sanford & bennett , 1955 ; entomologist 88 ( no . 1100 ) : 4\ndelias nysa ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 159 , f . 21\ndelias albertisi ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 158 , f . 16\ndelias clathrata ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 159 , f . 7\ndelias mariae ; [ ebw ] ; [ mastrigt ] : 18 , f . 19 - 22\ndelias ellipsis de joannis , 1901 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1901 : 207\ndelias dohertyi rothschild , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 4 ) : 661 ( preocc . delias dohertyi oberth\u00fcr , 1894 ) ; tl : timor , dili ( fatunaba , 2500ft )\ndelias ladas ; grose - smith & kirby , 1895 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 2 : ( delias ) 17 , pl . 5 , f . 4 - 6 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias caliban ; grose - smith & kirby , 1897 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 3 : ( delias ) 26 , pl . 7 , f . 6 - 7 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias sphenodiscus roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 200\ndelias argentata roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 199\ndelias abrophora roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 193\ndelias toxopei roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 210\ndelias nais odilae gotts & ginn , 2004 ; aust . ent . 31 ( 2 ) : 49\ndelias iltis ; grose - smith & kirby , 1901 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 3 : ( delias ) 32 , pl . 9 , f . 1 - 3 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias surya mitis , 1893 ; dt . ent . z . iris 6 ( 1 ) : 132\ndelias zelima mitis , 1893 ; dt . ent . z . iris 6 ( 1 ) : 131\ndelias lativitta tongi mell , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : ( ? )\ndelias adelma mitis , 1893 ; dt . ent . z . iris 6 ( 1 ) : 130\ndelias parthenia staudinger , 1892 ; dt . ent . z . iris 5 ( 2 ) : 449\ndelias aruna f . seriata fruhstorfer , 1907 ; soc . ent . 21 ( 23 ) : 180\ndelias parennia roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 252\ndelias palawanica staudinger , 1889 ; dt . ent . z . iris 2 ( 1 ) : 24\ndelias chrysoleuca mitis , 1893 ; dt . ent . z . iris 6 ( 1 ) : 138\ndelias periboea livia fruhstorfer , 1897 ; berl . ent . zs . 41 ( 4 ) : 396\ndelias walshae walshae ; yagishita , 1993 , in yagishita nakano & sadayuki , an ill . list of genus delias : 272 - 273 , figs ; [ mastrigt ] : 27 , f . 47 - 50\ndelias shirozui ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 106\ndelias chrysomelaena prodigialis fruhstorfer , 1911 ; ent . rundschau 28 ( 24 ) : 185 ; tl : halmaheira\ndelias cuningputi ibelana roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 201\ndelias nais holophaea roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 213\ndelias alepa orthobasis roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 233\ndelias surprisa ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 106\ndelias taiwana ; wileman , 1909 , annot . zool . japon . 7 ( 2 ) : 95 \u2640\ndelias aglaia cyrania fruhstorfer , 1913 ; ent . rundschau 30 ( 16 ) : 92 ; tl : hainan\ndelias catocausta nigerrima roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 238\ndelias dorimene avenda fruhstorfer , 1912 ; ent . rundschau 29 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : ceram\ndelias kazueae ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 106\ndelias rothschildi holland , 1900 ; novit . zool . 7 ( 1 ) : 81 ; tl : buru\ndelias nigidius miskin , 1884 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1884 ( 1 ) : 93\ndelias stollii butler , 1872 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1872 ( 3 ) : 32\ndelias hyparete domarana fruhstorfer , 1911 ; ent . rundschau 28 ( 24 ) : 187 ; tl : domoran\ndelias fasciata rothschild , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 4 ) : 662 ; tl : sumba\ndelias sambawana rothschild , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 4 ) : 662 ; tl : sambawa\ndelias singhapura indistincta fruhstorfer , 1898 ; berl . ent . zs . 42 ( 3 / 4 ) : 335\ndelias kuehni kuehni ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 105\ndelias kuehni prinsi ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 105\ndelias kuehni sulana ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 105\ndelias battana ariae ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 106\ndelias totila heller , 1896 ; ent . nachr . 22 ( 12 ) : 177 ; tl : new britain\ndelias itamputi ribbe , 1900 ; insekten - b\u00f6rse 17 ( 42 ) : 330 ; tl : aroa r .\ndelias fascelis jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 587 ; tl : mt goliath\ndelias bornemanni ribbe , 1900 ; insekten - b\u00f6rse 17 ( 39 ) : 308 ; tl : aroa r .\ndelias nais maprikensis ; funahashi , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 60 ( 4 ) : 241\ndelias nais odilae ; funahashi , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 60 ( 4 ) : 242\ndelias weiskei ribbe , 1900 ; insekten - b\u00f6rse 17 ( 42 ) : 329 ; tl : aroa r .\ndelias ligata ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 159 , f . 14 ( text )\ndelias malayana pendlebury , 1933 ; j . fed . malay st . mus . 17 ( 2 ) : 380\ndelias benasu benasu ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 105\ndelias ninus grisea fruhstorfer , 1896 ; soc . ent . 11 ( 17 ) : 139 ; tl : nias\ndelias discus ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 158 , f . 16 ( text )\ndelias neyi ribbe , 1900 ; insekten - b\u00f6rse 17 ( 39 ) : 308 ; tl : aroa r .\ndelias gabia mavroneria fruhstorfer , 1914 ; ent . rundschau 31 ( 6 ) : 32 ; tl : new guinea\ndelias timorensis gardineri fruhstorfer , 1904 ; stettin ent . ztg 65 ( 2 ) : 345 ; tl : tenimber\ndelias belisama euanthes ; fruhstorfer , 1916 , archiv naturg . 81 a ( 11 ) : 70 ( note )\ndelias ( pierinae ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 105\ndelias battana fruhstorfer , 1896 ; soc . ent . 11 ( 2 ) : 9 ; tl : battan , celebes\ndelias balimensis ; orr & sibatani , 1985 , ty\u00f4 to ga 36 ( 1 ) : 11 , f . 16\ndelias bornemanni nais jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 587 ; tl : mount goliath\n= delias nais nais ; funahashi , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 60 ( 4 ) : 241\ndelias nais denigrata joicey & talbot , 1926 ; encycl . ent . ( b3 ) 2 ( 1 ) : 3\ndelias castanea ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 30 , f . 13\ndelias buruana ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 27 , f . 3\ndelias belladonna endoi yagishita , 1993 ; in yagishita nakano & sadayuki , an ill . list of genus delias : 12 , pl . 98 , f . 5 - 6 ; tl : mt . lang - bian , s . vietnam\ndelias wilemani jordan , 1925 ; novit . zool . 32 ( 3 ) : 281 ; tl : forosa , arizan\ndelias lativitta f . naga tytler , 1939 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . : ( ? )\ndelias aglaia curasena fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . wochenbl . 25 ( 9 ) : 38 ; tl : lake candidius\ndelias aglaia balabaca fruhstorfer , 1911 ; ent . rundschau 28 ( 24 ) : 186 ; tl : balabac i .\ndelias elongata ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 30 , f . 12\ndelias niepelti ; grose - smith & kirby , 1901 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 3 : ( delias ) 29 , pl . 8 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ ebw ] ; [ baur ] , 144\ndelias callistrate massinissa fruhstorfer , 1914 ; ent . rundschau 31 ( 6 ) : 33 ; tl : yule i .\ndelias ethire doherty , 1886 ; j . asiat . soc . bengal 55 pt . ii ( 3 ) : 262\ndelias niasana kheil , 1884 ; rhopalocera ins . nias : 35 , pl . 4 , f . 22 - 23\ndelias minerva fruhstorfer , 1896 ; soc . ent . 11 ( 14 ) : 115 ; tl : lombok i .\ndelias ? furvus ; butler , 1872 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1872 ( 3 ) : 36\ndelias rothschildi kenrick , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 : 180 , pl . 7 , f . 2 , 6 ( preocc . delias rothschildi holland , 1900 ) ; tl : momi , 4000ft\ndelias singhapura singhapura ; [ bor ] , 122 ; [ bmp ] : 84 , pl . 7 , f . 1\ndelias tahanica rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 675\ndelias georgina zenobia ; [ bmp ] : 84 , pl . 7 , f . 4 ; [ bor ] , 124\ndelias georgina keda ; [ bmp ] : 84 , pl . 7 , f . 3 ; [ bor ] , 124\ndelias ganymedes filarorum ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 29 , f . 1\ndelias schoenigi schoenigi ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 29 , f . 10\ndelias nausicaa fruhstorfer , 1902 ; stettin ent . ztg 63 ( 1 ) : 358 ; tl : kina balu , borneo\ndelias dumasi rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 671\ndelias ladas grose - smith , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 3 ) : 585 ; tl : new guinea\ndelias microsticha microsticha ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 30 , f . 3\ndelias argentata argentata ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 30 , f . 5\ndelias caroli caroli ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 30 , f . 4\ndelias flavistriga ilagaensis ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 5\ndelias weiskei weiskei ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 8\ndelias tessei conspectirubra ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 7\ndelias leucias roepkei nieuwenhuis & howarth , 1969 ; ( preocc . ) ; tl : mandated new guinea , telefomin , 1700m\ndelias nieuwenhuisi poponga ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 9\ndelias alepa orthobasis ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 11\ndelias eximia rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 677\ndelias wollastoni bryophila ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 27 , f . 6\ndelias belladonna malayana ; [ bmp ] : 84 , pl . 7 , f . 7 ; [ bor ] , 128\ndelias lativitta leech , 1893 ; butts china japan corea ( 2 ) : 422 , pl . 35 , f . 1\ndelias subnubila leech , 1893 ; butts china japan corea ( 2 ) : pl . 35 , f . 7 - 8\ndelias distanti staudinger , 1889 ; dt . ent . z . iris 2 ( 1 ) : 23 ; tl : malaysia\ndelias pasithoe parthenope ; [ bor ] , 130 ; [ bmp ] : 88 , pl . 7 , f . 8\ndelias pasithoe nigrescens talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 38 ; tl : cochin china\ndelias pandecta staudinger , 1889 ; dt . ent . z . iris 2 ( 1 ) : 23 ; tl : palawan\ndelias acalis perakana ; [ bor ] , 132 ; [ bmp ] : 83 , pl . 7 , f . 9\ndelias ninus alluviorum fruhstorfer , 1905 ; ent . zs . 19 ( 14 ) : 75 ; tl : w . sumatra\ndelias niepelti anamesa ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 15\ndelias belisama var . erubescens staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 78\ndelias belisama balina fruhstorfer , 1908 ; int . ent . zs . 2 ( 38 ) : 238 ; tl : bali\ndelias descombesi eranthos fruhstorfer , 1905 ; soc . ent . 20 ( 15 ) : 113 ; tl : perak , malakka\ndelias oraia oraia ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 26 , f . 1\ndelias oraia bratana ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 26 , f . 2\ndelias diaphana diaphana ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 26 , f . 3\ndelias eumolpe eumolpe ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 25 , f . 4\ndelias aruna rona rothschild , 1898 ; novit . zool . 5 ( 1 ) : 98 ; tl : roon i .\ndelias levicki rothschild , 1927 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 19 ( 113 ) : 563\ndelias apoensis apoensis ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 29 , f . 13\ndelias dormene avenda ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 28 , f . 13\ndelias agostina annamitica fruhstorfer , 1901 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 13 ) : 98 ; tl : s . vietnam\ndelias iere grose - smith , 1900 ; novit . zool . 7 ( 1 ) : 87 ; tl : new guinea\ndelias hyparete despoliata ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 24 , f . 10\ndelias aruensis mitis , 1893 ; dt . ent . z . iris 6 ( 1 ) : 110 ; tl : aru\ndelias kuehni ; [ ebw ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 105\ndelias angiensis ; orr & sibatani , 1985 , ty\u00f4 to ga 36 ( 1 ) : 14 , f . 27 - 28\ndelias kenricki ; orr & sibatani , 1985 , ty\u00f4 to ga 36 ( 1 ) : 21 , f . 22 - 24\ndelias bornemanni ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 161 , f . 1 ; [ baur ] , 136\ndelias belladonna hedybia jordan , 1925 ; novit . zool . 32 ( 3 ) : 286 ; tl : tenasserim ; shan states\ndelias belladonna perspicua fruhstorfer , 1910 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 130 ; tl : n . myanmar\ndelias ottonia semper , 1890 ; reisen philipp . ( 5 ) : 235 , pl . 34 , f . 7 - 9\ndelias walshae ilu mastrigt , 2000 ; neue entomologische nachrichten , 48 : 28 , f . 51 - 56 ; tl : mulia\ndelias descombesi adonarensis rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 677\ndelias splendida rothschild , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 4 ) : 661 ; tl : timor , oinanissa ; dili\ndelias aruna arovana fruhstorfer , 1913 ; ent . rundschau 30 ( 21 ) : 124 ; tl : rossel or arova i .\ndelias agostina orita fruhstorfer , 1910 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 183 ; tl : n . vietnam\ndelias melusina staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : celebes\ndelias xelianthe grose - smith , 1900 ; novit . zool . 7 ( 1 ) : 86 ; tl : british new guinea\ndelias candida teuthrania fruhstorfer , 1913 ; dt . ent . z . iris 27 ( 3 ) : 136 ; tl : obi\ndelias sacha grose - smith , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 2 ) : 75 ; tl : obi i .\ndelias sacha gilolensis rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 673\ndelias hyparete panayensis rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 672\ndelias bagoe restricta rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 674\ndelias fragalactea ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 152\n? delias insularis rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 673\ndelias schoenbergi choiseuli rothschild , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 2 ) : 453 ; tl : choiseul solomon is .\ndelias sambawana everetti rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 672\ndescriptions of some new species of the genus delias from north new guinea , recently collected by mr . c . e . pratt\ndelias prinsi martin , [ 1913 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 26 ( 4 ) : 227 ; tl : celebes\ndelias stresemanni rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 1 ) : 110 ; tl : manusela , central ceram , 650m\ndelias sagessa sagessa ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 32 / 33 , f . 5\ndelias frater far ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 22 , pl . 32 / 33 , f . 7\ndelias catisa aurostriga ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 22 , pl . 32 / 33 , f . 6\ndelias callima callima ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 32 / 33 , f . 2\ndelias persephone staudinger , 1895 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 2 ) : 355 ; tl : waigeu i .\ndelias funerea buruana rothschild , 1899 ; novit . zool . 6 ( 1 ) : 68 ; tl : mt . mada , buru\ndelias lativitta yunnana ; [ mrs ] , 234 ; huang , 2003 , neue ent . nachr . 55 : 79 ( note )\ndelias benasu martin , [ 1913 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 26 ( 4 ) : 225 ; tl : celebes\ndelias aglaia beata fruhstorfer , 1905 ; ent . zs . 19 ( 14 ) : 76 ; tl : mergui , s . myanmar\ndelias clathrata limata jordan , 1930 ; novit . zool . 35 ( 3 ) : 277 ; tl : edie creek on herzog mountain\ndelias hemianops ; sakuma , 1999 , futao 31 : 14 ; [ mastrigt ] : 30 - 32 , f . 66 - 70\ndelias descombesi eranthos ; [ bor ] , 133 ; [ bmp ] : 84 , pl . 7 , f . 11 - 13\ndelias cathara grose - smith , 1893 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 12 ( 67 ) : 34\ndelias candida candida ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 29 , f . 2 - 3\ndelias hyparete metarete ; [ bor ] , 138 ; [ bmp ] : 83 , pl . 7 , f . 14 - 16\ndelias lucina distant & pryer , 1887 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 19 ( 112 ) : 270\ndelias mitisi staudinger , 1895 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 2 ) : 352 ; tl : sula is .\ndelias periboea alorensis fruhstorfer , 1899 ; berl . ent . zs . 44 ( 1 / 2 ) : 64 ; tl : alor\ndelias lara ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 159 ;\ndelias agoranis grose - smith , 1887 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 20 : 266 ; tl : burma\ndelias blanca uichancoi jumalon , 1975 ; ty\u00f4 to ga 26 ( 2 ) : 46 , f . 3 ; tl : bilar , bohol\ndelias aroae yabensis f . brevifascia joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 308\ndelias yabensis ; orr & sibatani , 1985 , ty\u00f4 to ga 36 ( 1 ) : 13 , f . 2 , 29 - 31\ndelias hyperapproximata ; orr & sibatani , 1985 , ty\u00f4 to ga 36 ( 1 ) : 17 , f . 4 - 5 , 11\ndelias approximata ; orr & sibatani , 1985 , ty\u00f4 to ga 36 ( 1 ) : 15 , f . 3 , 14 - 15\ndelias frater jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 585 ; tl : west irian ( mt . goliath )\ndelias patrua var . formosana matsumura , 1909 ; ent . zs . 23 ( 19 ) : 92 ; tl : formosa ( horisha )\ndelias ab . fasciata dufrane , 1947 ; bull . ann . soc . ent . belg . 83 ( 1 / 2 ) : 47\ndelias bobaga mastrigt , 1990 ; tijdschr . ent . 133 : 200 , f . 3 , 7 ; tl : kamu valley , 1700m\ndelias diaphana semper , 1878 ; verh . ver . nat . unterh . hamburg 3 : 114 ; tl : mt . kinuta , mindanao\ndelias rothschildi ; [ ebw ] ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 28 , f . 10\ndelias poecila [ sic ] g\u00fcntheri kalis , 1933 ; tijdschr . ent . 76 ( 1 - 2 ) : 75 ; tl : halmaheira\ndelias vidua joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 304 ; tl : buru\ndelias georgina georgina ; fruhstorfer , 1916 , archiv naturg . 81 a ( 11 ) : 70 ( note ) ; [ bor ] , 124\ndelias simanabum hagen , 1894 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 1 ) : 34 , pl . 1 , f . 3\ndelias blanca capcoi jumalon , 1975 ; ty\u00f4 to ga 26 ( 2 ) : 46 , f . 2 ; tl : amlan , negros oriental\ndelias waterstradti rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 175 ; tl : halmaheira\ndelias momea ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 159 , f . 21 ( text ) ; [ bor ] , 126\ndelias lecerfi joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 307 ; tl : menoo valley\ndelias aroae pheres jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 588 ; tl : mt . goliath , 5 - 7000ft\ndelias nais ; joicey & talbot , 1922 , bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 309 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias nais denigrata ; [ baur ] , 136 ; funahashi , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 60 ( 4 ) : 241\ndelias caroli ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 161 , f . 1 ( text ) ; [ baur ] , 135\ndelias marguerita joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 315 ; tl : menoo river\ndelias boyleae butler , 1885 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 58 ; tl : darjiling\ndelias kandha doherty , 1886 ; j . asiat . soc . bengal 55 pt . ii ( 3 ) : 262 ; tl : eastern ghats\ndelias acalis shinkaii morita , 1998 ; wallace 4 ( 2 ) : 28 , pl . 12 ; tl : tam dao , n . vietnam\ndelias hiemalis nemangkawi mastrigt , 2000 ; neue entomologische nachrichten , 48 : 52 , f . 145 - 146 ; tl : irian jaya , tembagapura\ndelias belisama glauce ; fruhstorfer , 1916 , archiv naturg . 81 a ( 11 ) : 70 ( note ) ; [ bor ] , 134\ndelias descombesi lydia fruhstorfer , 1897 ; berl . ent . zs . 42 ( 1 / 2 ) : 15 ; tl : s . flores\ndelias honrathi mitis , 1893 ; dt . ent . z . iris 6 ( 1 ) : 134 , pl . 3 , f . 1\ndelias inferna butler , 1871 ; lepid . exotica ( 8 ) : 63 , pl . 24 , f . 6 ; tl : cape york\ndelias hyparete hyparete ; fruhstorfer , 1916 , archiv naturg . 81 a ( 11 ) : 70 ( note ) ; [ bor ] , 138\ndelias metarete butler , 1879 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 1 ( 8 ) : 550 ; tl : malaysia\ndelias hyparete diva fruhstorfer , 1899 ; berl . ent . zs . 44 ( 1 / 2 ) : 61 ; tl : n . borneo\ndelias rosenbergi chrysoleuca ; [ bor ] , 138 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 107\ndelias mitisi mitisi ; [ bor ] , 140 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 107\ndelias mitisi banggaiensis ; [ bor ] , 140 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 107\ndelias sch\u00f6nbergi isabellae rothschild & jordan , 1901 ; novit . zool . 8 ( 4 ) : 403 ; tl : isabel , solomon is .\ndelias nysa caledonica ; [ baur ] , 128 ( text ) ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 289\ndelias dice ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 157 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias enniana ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 157 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias chrysomelaena ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 155 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias caliban grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 404 ; tl : fergusson i .\ndelias pheres angabungana talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 42 ; tl : papua new guinea , angabungana r .\ndelias hypomelas rubrostriata joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 312 ; tl : mt kunupi\ndelias itamputi ; grose - smith & kirby , 1901 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 3 : ( delias ) 30 , pl . 8 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 159 , f . 18 ; [ baur ] , 132\ndelias kummeri ; grose - smith & kirby , 1901 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 3 : ( delias ) 29 , pl . 8 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 159 , f . 14 ; [ baur ] , 139\ndelias sanaca oreas ; fujioka , 1970 , spec . bull . lepid . soc . japan ( 4 ) : 5 ; [ bor ] , 126\ndelias aglaia goda \u2640 f . flavifascia joicey & talbot , 1924 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 3 ) : 566 ; tl : pajacombo\ndelias albertisi albiplaga joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 318 ; tl : meno valley\ndelias hemianops sanaeae sakuma , 1999 ; futao 31 : 14 - 15 , pl . 2 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : pass valley\ndelias catocausta eefi mastrigt , 1990 ; tijdschr . ent . 133 : 200 , f . 4 , 8 ; tl : irian jaya , tembagopura 2000m\ndelias mira excelsa jordan , 1930 ; novit . zool . 35 ( 3 ) : 278 ; tl : edio creek , westside of herzog mts 6100ft\ndelias mira excelsa ; parsons , 1998 , butts . of papua new guinea : 320 ; [ mastrigt ] : 40 , f . 92 - 96\ndelias oraia doherty , 1891 ; j . asiat . soc . bengal 60 pt . ii ( 2 ) : 189 ; tl : sumbawa i .\ndelias madetes ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 150 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias aruna rana swinhoe , 1916 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 18 ( 108 ) : 481 ; tl : amboina\ndelias harpalyce f . adina couchman , 1954 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 88 : 76 ; tl : moe , vict .\ndelias callistrate grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 403 ; tl : fergusson i .\ndelias echidna ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 155 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias isse ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 154 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias hypopelia hagen , 1898 ; ent . nachr . 24 ( 13 ) : 194 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ; tl : mentawej\ndelias hyparete jataka fruhstorfer , 1906 ; ent zs . 20 ( 15 ) : 99 , ( 16 ) : 106 ; tl : batu i .\ndelias salvini butler , 1882 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 10 ( 56 ) : 153 ; tl : new britain\n? delias bagoe nusana fruhstorfer , 1905 ; ent . zs . 19 ( 17 ) : 89 , f . 1 ; tl : nusa - laut\ndelias poecilea ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 158 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias themis soteira ; [ bor ] , 122 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 28 , f . 6\ndelias k\u00fchni var . ? sulana staudinger , 1895 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 2 ) : 354 ; tl : sula is .\ndelias enniana obsoleta rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 178 ; tl : mysol island\ndelias enniana majoripuncta joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 303 ; tl : mefor i .\ndelias blanca blanca ; [ bor ] , 126 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 28 , f . 5\ndelias blanca nausicaa ; [ bor ] , 126 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 28 , f . 2\ndelias momea hageni ; [ bor ] , 126 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 29 , f . 6\ndelias chrysomelaena chrysomelaena ; [ baur ] , 129 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 29 , f . 4\ndelias ladas levis joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 306 ; tl : dutch new guinea\ndelias aroae angiensis talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 43 ; tl : angi lakes , arfak mts . , 6000ft\ndelias phaeres [ sic ] approximata f . rectimargo joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 309\ndelias eudiabolus rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 179 ; tl : upper aroa river\ndelias nigropunctata joicey & noakes , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 59 , pl . 4\ndelias iltis iltis ; [ baur ] , 136 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 31 , f . 2\ndelias callista callipareia ; [ baur ] , 137 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 4\ndelias luctuosa luctuosa ; [ baur ] , 137 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 3\ndelias ornytion ornytion ; [ baur ] , 140 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 27 , f . 4\ndelias sanaca perspicua ; [ bor ] , 126 ; huang , 2001 ; huang , 2003 , neue ent . nachr . 55 : 78 ( note )\ndelias apriate h\u00fcbner , [ 1819 ] ; verz . bek . schmett . ( 6 ) : 91 ? [ = cramer : pl . 258 ] \u2642\ndelias albertisi albertisi ; [ baur ] , 142 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 30 , f . 15\ndelias mariae walshae roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 239 , 258 ; tl : ibele valley , 2250m\ndelias belisama balina ; [ bor ] , 134 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 25 , f . 2\ndelias madetes honrathi ; [ baur ] , 145 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 26 , f . 4\ndelias madetes neohannoverana rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 179 ; tl : new hanover\ndelias levicki levicki ; [ bor ] , 134 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 29 , f . 14\ndelias gabia zarate ; [ baur ] , 147 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 28 , f . 8\ndelias echidna echidna ; [ baur ] , 146 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 28 , f . 12\ndelias mavroneria mavroneria ; [ baur ] , 147 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 28 , f . 9\ndelias isse isse ; [ baur ] , 148 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 28 , f . 15\ndelias isse echo ; [ baur ] , 148 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 29 , f . 1\ndelias ennia mysolensis rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 176 ; tl : mysol island\ndelias ennia saturata rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 177 ; tl : goodenough island\ndelias hyparete aurago ; [ bor ] , 138 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 24 , f . 7\ndelias mindanaensis mitis , 1893 ; dt . ent . z . iris 6 ( 1 ) : 139 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5\ndelias hyparete palawanica ; [ bor ] , 138 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 24 , f . 11\ndelias hyparete ciris fruhstorfer , 1910 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 125 ; tl : siam ; tonkin ; cochin china ; tenasserim\ndelias rosenbergii var . catamelas staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 77 ; tl : minahassa , celebes\ndelias rosenbergi salayerana rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 172 ; tl : salayer island\ndelias schoenbergi schoenbergi ; [ baur ] , 152 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 24 , f . 3\ndelias schoenbergi choiseuli ; [ baur ] , 152 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 24 , f . 4\ndelias timorensis moaensis rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 173 ; tl : moa island\ndelias timorensis romaensis rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 173 ; tl : roma island\ndelias timorensis ardesiaca rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 173 ; tl : dammer island\ndelias mysis rosselliana rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 174 ; tl : rossel island\ndelias sambawana minerva ; [ bor ] , 140 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 24 , f . 2\ndelias poecila poecila [ sic , recte poecilea ] ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 24 , f . 1\ndelias clathrata clathrata ; talbot , 1937 , monogr . gen . delias ( 6 ) : 354 ; [ baur ] , 142 ; parsons , 1998 , butts . of papua new guinea : 320 , pl . 38 , f . 953 - 954 ; [ mastrigt ] : 11 , f . 1 - 6\ndelias k\u00fchni [ = kuehni ] honrath , 1886 ; berl . ent . z . 30 ( 2 ) : 295 , pl . 6 , f . 2\ndelias ladas waigeuensis joicey & talbot , 1917 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 20 ( 117 ) : 217 ; tl : waigeu\ndelias subapicalis orr & sibatani , 1985 ; ty\u00f4 to ga 36 ( 1 ) : 16 , f . 10 ; tl : new guinea , nondugl , 5500ft\ndelias nais aegle ; [ baur ] , 136 ( text ) ; funahashi , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 60 ( 4 ) : 241\ndelias nais holophaea ; [ baur ] , 136 ( text ) ; funahashi , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 60 ( 4 ) : 241\ndelias phippsi joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 315 ; tl : menoo valley ; mt kunupi\ndelias belladonna surprisa martin , 1913 ; dt . ent . z . iris 27 ( 2 ) : 109 , ( 3 ) : 126 ; tl : celebes\ndelias pasithoe dione ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 20 / 21 , f . 10 , back f . 10\ndelias inexpectata ; tuzov , 1995 , actias 2 ( 1 - 2 ) : 118 ; [ mastrigt ] : 46 - 48 , f . 123 - 132\ndelias nakanokeikoae nakanokeikoae ; mastrigt , 1996 , neue ent . nachr . 38 : 37 ; [ mastrigt ] : 57 - 58 , f . 165 - 166\ndelias dorylaea var . altivaga fruhstorfer , 1895 ; stettin ent . ztg . 55 ( 4 - 6 ) : 121 , pl . 4 , f . 8\ndelias sacha ; grose - smith & kirby , 1896 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 2 : ( delias ) 21 , pl . 6 , f . 5 - 6 ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 158 ; [ ebw ]\ndelias rosenbergi saleyerana [ sic ] ; [ bor ] , 138 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 107\n? delias maga grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 405 ; tl : sud - est island\ndelias emilia rothschild , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 1 ) : 314 ( repl . tachyris weiskei ribbe , 1900 ) ; tl : aroa r .\ndelias aroa [ sic ] balimensis roepke , 1955 ; nova guinea ( n . s ) 6 ( 2 ) : 204 ; tl : irian jaya , balim river\ndelias sinak mastrigt , 1990 ; tijdschr . ent . 133 : 200 , f . 1 , 5 , 17 ; tl : irian jaya , route mulia - sinak\ndelias rileyi joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 306 ; tl : menoo valley , 6000 - 8000ft\ndelias yofona schr\u00f6der & treadaway , 1982 ; ent . z . 92 : ( 334 - 338 ) ; tl : danau paniai ( wissel lakes ) , irian jaya\ndelias campbelli joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 313 ; tl : menoo river , 3500 - 5000\ndelias hapalina conspectirubra joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 312 ; tl : menoo river ; mt kunupi\ndelias wollastoni abmisibilensis mastrigt , 1990 ; tijdschr . ent . 133 : 202 , f . 10 , 14 ; tl : irian jaya ; abmisibil 1920m ; river oktanglap\ndelias belladonna hedybia ; [ bor ] , 128 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 20 / 21 , f . 8\ndelias henningia henningia ; [ bor ] , 128 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 20 / 21 , f . 11\ndelias acalis pyramus ; [ bor ] , 132 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 6\ndelias dymas de nic\u00e9ville , 1894 ; j . asiat . soc . bengal 63 pt . ii ( 1 ) : 44 , pl . 5 , f . 7\ndelias discus honrath , 1886 ; berl . ent . z . 30 ( 1 ) : 130 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : new guinea\ndelias catocausta jordan , 1912 ; novit . zool . 18 ( 3 ) : 591 - 592 ; tl : mt goliath 5 - 7000ft , central dutch new guinea\ndelias mira reversa rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 675 ; tl : sattleburg inlands , 1500m\ndelias klossi gome mastrigt , 2000 ; neue entomologische nachrichten , 48 : 60 - 62 , f . 173 - 178 ; tl : ilaga , river namungun , 2350m\ndelias klossi chrysanthemum ; tuzov , 1995 , actias 2 ( 1 - 2 ) : 119 ; [ mastrigt ] : 62 - 64 , f . 179 - 187\ndelias descombesi descombesi ; [ bor ] , 133 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 25 , f . 6 , 8\ndelias eumolpe grose - smith , 1889 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 3 ( 16 ) : 312 ; tl : kina balu mtn\ndelias agostina agostina ; [ bor ] , 136 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 27 , f . 13 - 14\ndelias dives de nic\u00e9ville , 1897 ; j . asiat . soc . bengal 66 pt . ii ( 3 ) : 562 , pl . 1 , f . 1\ndelias ennia limbata rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 177 ; tl : sud - est island\ndelias bagoe bagoe ; [ baur ] , 152 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 9\ndelias argenthona argenthona ; [ baur ] , 153 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 8\ndelias periboea periboea ; [ bor ] , 140 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 13\ndelias mysis mysis ; [ baur ] , 151 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 11\ndelias mysis maforensis rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 175 ; tl : suer , mafor island\ndelias caeneus caeneus ; [ baur ] , 150 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 7\ndelias singhapura acuta rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 172 ; tl : karo , se . sumatra\ndelias zenobia pendlebury , 1939 ; j . fed . malay st . mus . , 18 ( 3 ) : 382 , pl . 6 , f . 2 , 6\ndelias ladas ladas ; [ baur ] , 130 ( text ) ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 30 , f . 2\ndelias dives rothschild , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 1 ) : 313 , pl . 2 , f . 14 ( preocc . ) ; tl : owgarra\ndelias bakeri ; [ ebw ] ; [ baur ] , 137 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 6\ndelias kummeri f . ligata rothschild , 1904 ; novit . zool . 11 ( 1 ) : 313 , pl . 2 , f . 20 ; tl : new guinea\ndelias ligata dealbata ; [ baur ] , 139 ( text ) ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 21 , pl . 31 , f . 10\ndelias discus neyi ; [ baur ] , 142 ( text ) ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 20 , pl . 31 , f . 1\ndelias sigit mastrigt , 1990 ; tijdschr . ent . 133 : 200 , f . 2 , 6 ; tl : irian jaya , central bergland , ilaga , river jila\ndelias aurantiaca [ sic , recte aurantia ] ; [ ebw ] ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 25 , f . 3\ndelias biaka ; [ ebw ] ; [ baur ] , 147 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 19 , pl . 28 , f . 14\ndelias ennia nigidius ; [ baur ] , 149 ( text ) ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 18 , pl . 28 , f . 7\ndelias euphemia grose - smith , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 2 ) : 334 , pl . 12 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : biak\ndelias fasciata ; grose - smith & kirby , 1895 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 2 : ( delias ) 12 , pl . 4 , f . 1 ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 153 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bor ] , 140\ndelias singhapura ; grose - smith & kirby , 1893 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 2 : ( delias ) 9 , pl . 3 , f . 1 - 2 ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 156 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bor ] , 122\ndelias caliban satisbona rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 175 ; tl : goodenough island , 2500 - 4000ft\ndelias geraldina ; grose - smith & kirby , 1895 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 2 : ( delias ) 16 , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 3 ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 155 ; [ ebw ] ; [ baur ] , 131\ndelias pheres hyperapproximata rothschild , 1925 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 15 ( 90 ) : 675 ; tl : rawlinson mts , inland huon gulf\ndelias pheres endela jordan , 1930 ; novit . zool . 35 ( 3 ) : 279 ; tl : new guinea , weswt side of herzog mts , edie creek , 6100ft\ndelias cuningputi ; grose - smith & kirby , 1901 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 3 : ( delias ) 30 , pl . 8 , f . 9 - 10 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 159 , f . 10 ; orr & sibatani , 1986 , ty\u00f4 to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 6\ndelias oktanglap mastrigt , 1990 ; tijdschr . ent . 133 : 201 , f . 9 , 13 ; tl : irian jaya ; sterren gebergte ; abmisibil 1920m ; river oktanglap\ndelias pasithoe ; moore , 1878 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 ( 4 ) : 839 ; [ bor ] , 130 ; [ mrs ] , 232\ndelias crithoe bromo ; [ bor ] , 130 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 1 - 2\ndelias ninus parthenia ; [ bor ] , 132 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 16 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 4 - 5\ndelias klossi okse mastrigt , 2000 ; neue entomologische nachrichten , 48 : 64 , f . 188 - 189 ; tl : irian jaya , star mountains , abmisibil , river okse\ndelias niepelti arfakensis joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 318 ; tl : dutch new guinea , arfak distr .\ndelias splendida ; grose - smith & kirby , 1895 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 2 : ( delias ) 13 , pl . 4 , f . 4 - 5 ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 149 ; [ ebw ] ; [ baur ] , 144\ndelias karo hagen , 1894 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 1 ) : 33 , pl . 1 , f . 4 ; tl : mt . karo\ndelias omissa rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 179 ; tl : upper aroa river , british new guinea\ndelias salvini ; grose - smith & kirby , 1889 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 1 : ( delias ) 2 , pl . 1 , f . 5 - 6 ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 154 ; [ ebw ] ; [ baur ] , 152\ndelias periboea livia ; [ bor ] , 140 ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 17 , pl . 22 / 23 , f . 14 - 15\ndelias mysis goodenovii rothschild , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 15 ( 85 ) : 174 ; tl : goodenough island , 2500 - 4000ft\ndelias sambawana ; grose - smith & kirby , 1895 , rhop . exot . [ 1 ] 2 : ( delias ) 12 , pl . 4 , f . 2 - 3 ; butler , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 20 ( 116 ) : 153 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bor ] , 140"]}
{"id": 1633, "summary": [{"text": "stenoglene dehanicus is a moth in the eupterotidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by strand in 1911 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in cameroon , the central african republic and the democratic republic of congo ( orientale ) . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "stenoglene dehanicus", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for dehanicus definition . you find here dehanicus meaning , synonyms of dehanicus and images for dehanicus copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word dehanicus . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word dehanicus and , of course , dehanicus synonyms and on the right images related to the word dehanicus .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\nmoths of the central african republic represent about 240 known moth species . the moths ( mostly nocturnal ) and butterflies ( mostly diurnal ) together make up the taxonomic order lepidoptera .\nthis is a list of moth species which have been recorded in the central african republic .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 8 / 31 / 2015 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nas part our commitment to scholarly and academic excellence , all articles receive editorial review .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1634, "summary": [{"text": "epiglaea decliva , the sloping sallow moth , is a moth of the noctuidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from quebec and maine to south carolina , west to kansas and north to alberta .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of barrens , thickets , woodlots and forests .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the wingspan is 40 \u2013 50 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings range from orangish to reddish-brown or purplish-brown .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the reniform and orbicular spots are filled with a slightly darker colour , and have a pale outline .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are dirty brownish-grey with wavy red terminal line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from october to december in one generation per year .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on the leaves of malus , prunus and quercus species .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they have a brown to reddish-brown body and a mottled black head .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "they reach a length of 50 mm when full-grown .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "the larvae can be found from may to july .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the species overwinters as an egg . ", "topic": 3}], "title": "epiglaea decliva", "paragraphs": ["photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nadults - forewing light brownish - gray with several black longitudinal lines running length of wing ; pm line curves immediately below costa toward outer margin , then breaks into dark dots before continuing to inner margin ; diffuse dark patch at anal angle ; female has thick black line running through center of wing from base to midpoint of outer margin ; fringe checkered ; hindwing white with some brownish - gray shading along upper half of outer margin ; fringe white .\ncatabena lineolata has thinner / finer black lines , and a more northern distribution .\nbecker , v . o . & s . e . miller 2002 . the large moths of guana island , british virgin islands : a survery of efficient colonizers ( sphingidae , notodontidae , noctuidae , arctiidae , geometridae , hyblaeidae , cossidae ) . jl . lep . soc . 56 ( 1 ) : 44 ( pdf )\nhampson , g . f . 1909 . catalogue of the lepidoptera phal\u00e6n\u00e6 in the british museum . 8 : 236 ; pl . 78 , fig . 15 . ( treats terminellus as a syn . of vitrina )\nherrich - sch\u00e4ffer , 1868 . correspondenz - blatt des zoologisch - mineralogischen vereins in regensburg . 22 : 147\nwalker , f . 1857 . noctuid\u00e6 . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . 11 : 718\npresence in california ; list of 3 specimen records with dates and locations ( u . of california at berkeley )\nadditions and corrections to the check list of the noctuoidea ( insecta , lepidoptera ) of north america north of mexico iii lafontaine j . d . & b . c . schmidt . 2015 . zookeys 527 : 127 - 147 .\ncontributed by robin mcleod on 16 february , 2008 - 2 : 10pm additional contributions by steve nanz , maury heiman , ron m . , randy hardy last updated 29 january , 2018 - 6 : 33pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nsouth of canada , compare with footpath sallow ( metaxaglaea semitaria ) and roadside sallow ( m . viatica ) - see photos of these and related species by jim vargo at mpg\npresence in south carolina county distribution map ( john snyder , furman u . , south carolina )\nfield guide to moths of eastern north america charles v . covell , jr . 2005 .\non tree trunk with beer / brown sugar bait . submitted for pa bg record .\ncame to bait . november ( and december ) was unusually warm in 2015 . also saw one on 27 nov 2015 .\na sloping sallow moth in anne arundel co . , maryland ( 10 / 24 / 2016 ) . verified by roger downer / bamona . photo by tyler bell . ( mbp list )\na sloping sallow moth in harford co . , maryland ( 10 / 23 / 2015 ) . verified by roger downer / bamona . photo by dave webb . ( mbp list )\na sloping sallow moth in howard co . , maryland ( 10 / 30 / 2004 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )\nuse of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nan occurrence where the species occurs or has occurred with potential for persistence or regular recurrence . minimally a collection ( generally must be an adult ) associated with suitable habitat . photodocumentation except from spread specimens is strongly discouraged but sometimes will suffice high quality occurrences will occupy at least hundreds of hectares and in some areas eos often cover tens of thousands of hectares . where forests are fragmented the metapopulation concept probably applies , similarly if the foodplant is very unevenly distributed within a large forest .\ngeneral habitat boundaries will sometime suffice for mapping , especially for conifer feeders . when plausible combine populations in proximate fragments as one metapopulation . see habitat and food comments fields and / or ask local experts for species - specific habitat information . be particularly careful with pine feeding zale species which may be species - specific . note that many of conifer feeders such as feralia , panthea and pine feeding zale do not wander far from their hostplants . in general then is the densitiy of pines ( or other appropriate conifers ) drops below about five per hectare in mixed forests such parts are probably best not mapped as habitat for these moths except over short distancs between more suitable patches .\nif the habitat is occurring patchily within an extensive overall wooded landscape consider all patches within half the suitable habitat separation distance of at least one other as one metapopulation occurrence . however apply the unsuitable habitat distance across cleared lands .\ninferred extent , for example based on one specimens in a light trap , is all suitable habitat within two kilometers of the collection point . if the habitat is more extensive than that there is almost no chance the resulting 1000 hectare circle will close to contain the entire occurrence . however when data are minimal conservative assumptions are warranted .\ncare has been taken not to include species that would likely violate any of the distances given , especially inferred extent . herminiine , smaller\ndeltoids\nand some other small weak fliers are not included in this group . this group is mostly for noctuids that are either polyphagous or feed on a dominant , codominant , or at least frequent foodplant . it may not be appropriate for species feeding on grasses , forbs , shrubs or even tree that tend to occur as localized , well separated patches within a forest , although if such patches are fairly frequent they should work ( see alternate separation procudure ) .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\nlafontaine , j . d . and b . c . schmidt . 2010 . annotated check list of the noctuoidea ( insecta , lepidoptera ) of north america north of mexico . zookeys 40 : 1 - 239 .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\nall documents and related graphics provided by this server and any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server are provided\nas is\nwithout warranty as to the currentness , completeness , or accuracy of any specific data . natureserve hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to any documents provided by this server or any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server , including but not limited to all implied warranties and conditions of merchantibility , fitness for a particular purpose , and non - infringement . natureserve makes no representations about the suitability of the information delivered from this server or any other documents that are referenced to or linked to this server . in no event shall natureserve be liable for any special , indirect , incidental , consequential damages , or for damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information contained in any documents provided by this server or in any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server , under any theory of liability used . natureserve may update or make changes to the documents provided by this server at any time without notice ; however , natureserve makes no commitment to update the information contained herein . since the data in the central databases are continually being updated , it is advisable to refresh data retrieved at least once a year after its receipt . the data provided is for planning , assessment , and informational purposes . site specific projects or activities should be reviewed for potential environmental impacts with appropriate regulatory agencies . if ground - disturbing activities are proposed on a site , the appropriate state natural heritage program ( s ) or conservation data center can be contacted for a site - specific review of the project area ( see visit local programs ) .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users ."]}
{"id": 1635, "summary": [{"text": "myrmecia flammicollis is an australian ant which belongs to the myrmecia genus .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it is native to australia .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "they are usually distributed in the north of queensland .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "they were described by william brown in 1953 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "myrmecia flammicollis resembles the m. petiolata .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "the body back of the myrmecia flammicollis is black while prothorax is largely or completely an orange-red colour . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "myrmecia flammicollis", "paragraphs": ["the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see myrmecia flammicollis for further details\nthe following myrmecia species groups are based on ogata & taylor ( 1991 [ 1 ] ) .\ndie gattung myrmecia ist unterteilt in 9 artengruppen damit sich die vielen arten dieser gattung leichter klassifizieren lassen .\nthe genus myrmecia is sub - divided in 9 species groups for an easier classification of the many species .\nbrown , w . l . , jr . 1953j . revisionary notes on the ant genus myrmecia of australia . bull . mus . comp . zool . 111 : 1 - 35 pdf\nogata , k . , taylor , r . w . ( 1991 ) ants of the genus myrmecia fabricius : a preliminary review and key to the named species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) . journal of natural history , 25 , 1623\u20131673 .\nthe following information is derived from barry bolton ' s new general catalogue , a catalogue of the world ' s ants .\nholotype , worker ,\nthe rocky scrub\naround the headwaters of the rocky river , in the mcilwraith range , ne of coen , cape york rocky peninsula , queensland , australia , museum of comparative zoology .\nparatype , 1 worker , lankelly creek , mcilwraith range , cape york peninisula , queensland , australia , museum of comparative zoology .\nparatype , 2 workers , rocky scrub , mcillwraith range , cape york peninsula , queensland , australia , museum of comparative zoology .\nparatype , 1 worker , rocky scrub , mcillwraith range , cape york peninsula , queensland , australia , queensland museum .\nthis page was last modified on 24 july 2017 , at 16 : 59 .\nthis page was last modified on 14 march 2013 , at 01 : 49 .\nyou must log in to access this functionality . you may create an account , or log in anonymously , here .\nantweb content is licensed under a creative commons attribution license . we encourage use of antweb images . in print , each image must include attribution to its photographer and\nfrom urltoken\nin the figure caption . for websites , images must be clearly identified as coming from urltoken , with a backward link to the respective source page . see how to cite antweb .\nantweb is funded from private donations and from grants from the national science foundation , deb - 0344731 , ef - 0431330 and deb - 0842395 . c : 0\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 4d12def2 - 92d2 - 4774 - 806b - 37dee2d2539c\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 5c309303 - 6f05 - 4610 - a775 - 686f653191eb\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 63b90975 - 2edd - 4a90 - 8f13 - 61f8be7feafc\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 780c9659 - a044 - 4bc1 - b245 - 4c9f6f01e8cc\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 8b829319 - 72cf - 4fa6 - 9855 - cf92db95bee1\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 9d16d1b0 - 8d69 - 4a79 - a9f9 - a96ab0403f88\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b674a35c - 5d8e - 48b2 - a4a8 - 92936dae13cf\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e681e252 - f036 - 4be3 - ba40 - 928f02966766\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f7b9376a - 762b - 4b90 - 8804 - 4de674639b68\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 250346\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 1650, "summary": [{"text": "leptozestis chionomera is a moth in the cosmopterigidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from new south wales .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 8-10 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are dull whitish with some scattered black scales below the middle .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are whitish . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "leptozestis chionomera", "paragraphs": ["syntomactis chionomera lower , 1900 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 25 ( 3 ) : 421 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales\nleptozestis ( parametriotinae ) ; kaila , mutanen & nyman , 2011 , molecuar phylogen . evol . 61 : 804 - 805 ; heikkil\u00e4 , mutanen , kekkonen & kaila , 2013 , cladistics ( 2014 ) : 8\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nproceedings of the linnean society of the new south wales . ( journal , magazine ) [ worldcat . org ]\nyour web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .\nyour list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .\nnote : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\ni thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : proceedings of the linnean society of the new south wales . publisher : sydney . isbn / issn : 0370 - 047x oclc : 476489959\nplease choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .\nadd tags for\nproceedings of the linnean society of the new south wales .\n.\nyou may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .\nworldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more \u203a\u203a\ndon ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\nsyntomactis anagrapta meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 382 ; tl : newcastle , new south wales\nsyntomactis antithetis meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 388 ; tl : adelaide , south australia\nsyntomactis argoscia lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 175 ; tl : melbourne\nsyntomactis autochroa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 11 ) : 333 ; tl : victoria , gisborne\nsyntomactis capnopora meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 384 ; tl : murrurundi and picton , new south wales\nsyntomactis cataspoda meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 383 ; tl : quorn , south australia\nsyntomactis charmosyna meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 15 ) : 456 ; tl : south australia , adelaide\nsyntomactis crassipalpis turner , 1923 ; proc . r . soc . victoria ( n . s . ) 36 : 74\nsyntomactis crebra meyrick , 1906 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 30 : 53 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsyntomactis cyclonia meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 383 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsyntomactis decalopha lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 175 ; tl : penola , south australia\nsyntomactis ecstatica meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 386 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsyntomactis epiphrixa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 386 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsyntomactis epochaea meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 51 ; tl : kanara , ganesh - gudi\nsyntomactis eximia meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 390 ; tl : albany , west australia\nsyntomactis gnophodes lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 176 ; tl : melbourne , victoria\nsyntomactis harmosta meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 388 ; tl : geraldton , west australia\nsyntomactis hestiopa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 380 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsyntomactis melamydra lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 177 ; tl : melbourne , victoria\nsyntomactis melanopa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 384 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsyntomactis ochlopa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 381 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; georges bay , tasmania ; albany , geraldton and york , west australia\nsyntomactis oxyptera lower , 1900 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 25 ( 3 ) : 420 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales\nsyntomactis parascia meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 385 ; tl : albany , west australia\nsyntomactis perinephes lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 176 ; tl : melbourne , victoria\nsyntomactis phylactis meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 387 ; tl : geraldton , west australia\nsyntomactis polychroa lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 176 ; tl : melbourne , victoria\nsyntomactis psarotricha meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 382 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsyntomactis psoralea meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 386 ; tl : blackheath ( 3500ft ) , new south wales ; healesville , victoria\nsyntomactis sedula meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 381 ; tl : newcastle , sydney and mt kosciusko ( 2700ft ) , new south wales\nsyntomactis spodoptera turner , 1923 ; proc . r . soc . victoria ( n . s . ) 36 : 74\nsyntomactis strophicodes meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 51 ; tl : queensland , townsville\nsyntomactis tephras meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 385 ; tl : port lincoln , south australia\nsyntomactis toreutica meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 387 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\nsyntomactis tropaea meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 387 ; tl : adelaide and wirrabara , south australia ; carnarvon , west australia\nsyntomactis valida meyrick , 1919 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 9 ) : 286 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nturner , 1923 new australian micro - lepidoptera proc . r . soc . victoria ( n . s . ) 36 : 58 - 81\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nnomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word cataspoda . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word cataspoda and , of course , cataspoda synonyms and on the right images related to the word cataspoda .\nthis is the place for cataspoda definition . you find here cataspoda meaning , synonyms of cataspoda and images for cataspoda copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken"]}
{"id": 1656, "summary": [{"text": "hexachaeta is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family tephritidae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the species in hexachaeta are : hexachaeta abscura hexachaeta amabilis hexachaeta bifurcata hexachaeta bondari hexachaeta colombiana hexachaeta cronia hexachaeta dinia hexachaeta ecuatoriana hexachaeta enderleini hexachaeta eximia hexachaeta fallax hexachaeta guatemalensis hexachaeta homalura hexachaeta isshikii hexachaeta itatiaiensis hexachaeta leptofasciata hexachaeta major hexachaeta monoctigma hexachaeta monostigma hexachaeta nigripes hexachaeta nigriventris hexachaeta oblita hexachaeta obscura hexachaeta parva hexachaeta pulchella hexachaeta rupta hexachaeta seabrai hexachaeta shannoni hexachaeta spitzi hexachaeta valida hexachaeta venezuelana hexachaeta zeteki", "topic": 21}], "title": "hexachaeta", "paragraphs": ["hexachaeta colombiana is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus hexachaeta of the family tephritidae . urltoken please support this channel and help me upload more videos . become one of my patreons at urltoken\nin preparing a catalog of the tephritidae of north america ( foote 1965 ) , i overlooked a few texas records of hexachaeta loew reported by lima ( 1953a , b , 1954 ) . this unfortunate oversight is corrected here .\nhtml public\n- / / softquad software / / dtd hotmetal pro 6 . 0 : : 19990601 : : extensions to html 4 . 0 / / en\nhmpro6 . dtd\nno scientific name , common name or tsn was entered in the search text box . please enter a value into the empty text box .\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnorrbom , a . l . , l . e . carroll , f . c . thompson , i . m . white and a . freidberg / f . c . thompson , ed .\nfruit fly expert identification system and systematic information database . myia , vol . 9\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nthe content you are trying to access is no longer available through the biodiversity heritage library .\nwe apologize for the inconvenience . if you have any questions or concerns , please send us your feedback .\nbiodivlibrary july is # nationalblueberrymonth ! the w . a . cox nursery co . of mississippi ' s 1920s catalog proclaimed # blueberries to\u2026 urltoken\nbiodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p\u2026 urltoken\nwe use cookies to enhance your experience on our website . by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our use of cookies . you can change your cookie settings at any time .\nentomology research division , ars , u . s . department of agriculture , washington , d . c . 20560\ni agree to the terms and conditions . you must accept the terms and conditions .\nthank you for submitting a comment on this article . your comment will be reviewed and published at the journal ' s discretion . please check for further notifications by email .\nyou could not be signed in . please check your email address / username and password and try again .\nmost users should sign in with their email address . if you originally registered with a username please use that to sign in .\noxford university press is a department of the university of oxford . it furthers the university ' s objective of excellence in research , scholarship , and education by publishing worldwide\nfor full access to this pdf , sign in to an existing account , or purchase an annual subscription .\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user"]}
{"id": 1660, "summary": [{"text": "leioproctus fulvescens is a species of bee native to the south island of new zealand .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "adults are about 10 mm long with dense characteristically yellow to orange-brown hair ; this feature distinguishes them from other new zealand leioproctus species , which have white to cream hairs .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the bees fly primarily in the spring and summer , with the majority of individuals between november to march , though some have been observed as early as september .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "the bees nest underground in a variety of soil types , including beach sand , salt flats , dry river banks , clay , garden soil , and compacted dirt and shingle roads ; nearly any soil type appears to be used so long as it is on relatively free of vegetation , has a relatively low level of moisture and a sunny aspect .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "females prefer to build their nest tunnels in slightly sloping ground , and dig the main shaft anywhere from 100-500mm into the ground .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "along the tunnel , there are often a number of side branches , each terminating in a single oval nesting chamber .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the chamber is lined with a cellophane-like substance which reduces the amount of moisture that can enter the cell , providing a protective chamber for the larvae to develop .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "each chamber is provisioned with a ball of pollen and nectar , on top of which a single egg is laid .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "once completed , the chamber is sealed up with packed earth .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "females forage mainly on plants in the family asteraceae , such as gentiana corymbifera ( snow gentian ) , raoulia , and some of the white flowered hebes such as hebe subalpina .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "they have also been observed foraging on introduced asters , such as yarrow and canada thistle . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "leioproctus fulvescens", "paragraphs": ["scientific illustration of new zealand native bee leioproctus fulvescens . one of the bees i ' m working with in my current research project .\nleioproctus fulvescens , a native colletid of new zealand . now that i have access to the lab\u2019s insect collection , i can finally get reference photos to create as many illustrations as i want .\nthey dig nest holes in the ground , and sometimes a nesting area riddled with bee holes gives the impression of a colony . a small pile of soil is the usual sign of individual nest tunnels . each species prefers a specific type of soil . for example , leioproctus fulvescens needs fine - grained soil , while leioproctus metallicus nests in coastal sand .\nthe most commonly seen native bees are 18 species of leioproctus . these bees are robust and hairy , looking similar to honeybees but smaller ( 5\u201312 millimetres long ) . all are black except for the south island species leioproctus fulvescens , which is covered with dense orange\u2013yellow hair . they are often seen in summer carrying pollen on their back legs , like honeybees and bumblebees .\nthe yellow hairs are a key character of l . fulvescens . there are 18 leioproctus species in new zealand , but l . carinatifrons is not one of them , as it is native to australia . you might come to nz ? cool !\nthe south island species that is pictured above and below is the most colourful of our native bees , leioproctus fulvescens . although they have quite cosmopolitan tastes , members of the daisy family ( such as the olearia cymbifolia shown in these images ) are important sources of pollen for l . fulvescens . on a sunny day in the mackenzie basin , large numbers of this conspicuous bee can be viewed going about their business .\nflax ( phormium spp . ) do not just extend their largesse towards our native birds ( who avidly feed upon their nectar ) , as shown by the leioproctus sp . pictured below , which was emerging from a phormium tenax flower in west auckland . it clearly displays the ' pollen pellets ' that bees collect on their hind legs as they harvest , a feature that is also evident in the photograph of leioproctus fulvescens above .\nthe final image shows an individual of leioproctus fulvescens visiting a celmisia gracilenta flower amidst degraded tussockland near the glenmore tarns . amidst all of the legitimate concern regarding the decline of honeybees throughout the world , it is also important to be conscious of maintaining healthy populations of other pollinators from our environments ( such as native bees , butterflies and new zealand ' s diverse and significant range of fly species ) .\noh man , this is quite detailed . not sure if this is what i will expect to see if my family does move to new zealand ( being their\nnative bee\n. ) it amazes me how species that superficially look the same can be so different in minute ways . seems this bee someone told me was a new zealand native bee was actually leioproctus carinatifrons . ( is it possible for the fulvescens species not to have the orange - yellow hairs ? )\nhalf - healed , half fresh , but man , am i super psyched to have wrapped up this tattoo on josh today . also a little sad ! it\u2019s been so fun to work on ! new zealand and northern european native birds , plants , and insects . trees are pohutukawa , birch , beech , rowan ; birds are tui , kea , house swallow , and raven ; today added a magpie moth and two leioproctus fulvescens bees . hopefully i\u2019ll snag some healed photos before he heads back to nz ! detail post after this .\nooh , thank you for clearing that up ! that ' s what i read about l . fulvescens as well , but i have not seen even a preserved specimen for myself . i ' m not very sure . we have friends ( and some relatives ) in australia , but a high school classmate of mine lives in nz . she ' s been inviting me to visit her for a while , now .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nflies , caddisflies , craneflies , damselflies dragonflies , gnats , mayflies . midges , mosquitoes\ninsects ( ants , beetles , bugs , cicadas , cockroaches , centipedes , crickets , grasshoppers , lacewings , ladybirds , mantis , millipedes , scale , shield bugs , stick insects , wetas , weevils , etc . ) .\nreptiles ( frogs , geckos , skinks , snakes , lizards , turtles ) .\ntrees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names a to f with photo .\ntrees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names g to l with photo .\ntrees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names m to q with photo .\ntrees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names r to z with photo .\ntrees ( new zealand ) hebes and their hybrids & cultivars ( photos ) .\nweeds & escapee plants : a to f ( common names with photo ) .\nweeds & escapee plants : g to l ( common names with photo ) .\nweeds & escapee plants : m to q ( common names and photo ) .\nweeds & escapee plants : r to z ( common names with photo ) .\n\u00a9 copyright 2008 - 2018 - t . e . r : r . a . i . n . all rights reserved . last update : 27 - nov - 17 . site designed & hosted by smokeylemon .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ngriswold , t . , d . yanega , et al . ; as - yet unpublished manuscript\njohn ascher , connal eardley , terry griswold , gabriel melo , andrew polaszek , michael ruggiero , paul williams , ken walker , and natapot warrit . additional credits noted at : urltoken ; = apoidea _ species\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nella mai \u2013 boo ' d up ( remix ) ft . nicki minaj & quavo\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nlike wasps , bees may be solitary or social . they feed on nectar and pollen , and play an important role in the pollination and survival of many flowering plants . new zealand has 28 native and 13 introduced species of bee .\nat least three native bee species have a basic social structure , a bit like the introduced honeybee and bumblebee . the rest are solitary , although they may make nests close together .\nnative bees pollinate many native plants . they are also widespread in kiwifruit and apple orchards and some vegetable crops , and may be important pollinators in horticulture .\nthe seven hylaeus species are 7\u20139 millimetres long , and slender . almost hairless , they are black with small yellow markings on the face and thorax . they make nests in blind tunnels in twigs and branches , or in old beetle holes in logs . they have no special pollen - carrying structure on the back legs , so carry pollen in the stomach .\nthe smallest ( 4\u20138 millimetres long ) and most easily overlooked native bees are four species of lasioglossum . they are black or greenish , only moderately hairy , and nest in the soil . at least one species , lasioglossum sordidum , has adapted well to modified habitats . its nests are often found along fencelines , on horticultural land sprayed bare with herbicides , and on stopbanks and ditch sides above water level .\nall text licensed under the creative commons attribution - noncommercial 3 . 0 new zealand licence unless otherwise stated . commercial re - use may be allowed on request . all non - text content is subject to specific conditions . \u00a9 crown copyright .\nthank you ! there are lots of details in tiny things , and i love them .\nmost of our native bees don ' t quite match the perception of how a bee should look or behave . they do not form hives or live in swarms ; they generally live in burrows within the ground ; and many are relatively small and unassuming . however , they are fascinating members of our ecologies , and deserving of our attention ( particularly as they play a role in the pollination of a great number of plant species , both native and exotic ) .\nthe other bee that is pictured below , which i presumed to be a species of lasioglossum , was one of many native pollinators ( including a striking species of hoverfly ) that were making the most of hebe parviflora ' s abundant flowering ."]}
{"id": 1667, "summary": [{"text": "depressaria prospicua is a moth in the depressariidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by edward meyrick in 1914 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in south africa .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 19 \u2013 20 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are whitish ochreous , tinged here and there with brownish , with some scattered blackish specks and with a blackish-grey spot on the base of the costa , its edge marked with a black dot above the middle of the wing , the corresponding dorsal space whitish .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the first discal stigma is black , with an additional dot obliquely before and rather above it , both these surrounded with white suffusion .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the second discal stigma is white edged with dark fuscous , sometimes with an indistinct white dot before and slightly above it .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "all these dots are more or less surrounded with ochreous-brown suffusion , sometimes forming a longitudinal streak and there is an undefined angulated subterminal fascia of brownish suffusion .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "some dots formed of two or three black specks each are found around the posterior part of the costa and termen .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are ochreous whitish slightly tinged with grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "depressaria prospicua", "paragraphs": ["depressaria prospicua meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 249 ; tl : cape colony , capetown\ndepressaria prospicua is a moth in the depressariidae family . it was described by edward meyrick in 1914 . it is found in south africa . the wingspan is 19\u201320 . . .\ndepressaria genistella walsingham , 1903 ; ent . mon . mag . 39 : 266\ndepressaria radiosquamella walsingham , 1898 ; ent . mon . mag . 34 : 132\ndepressaria hystricella m\u00f6schler , 1860 ; wien . ent . monats . 4 : 275\ndepressaria subalbipunctella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 78\ndepressaria irregularis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1090\ndepressaria krasnowodskella hannemann , 1953 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 29 : 314\ndepressaria kollari zeller , 1854 ; linn . ent . 9 : 336 ; tl : sidney\ndepressaria bupleurella heinemann , 1870 ; schmett . dtl . scweitz . ( 2 ) 3 : 171\ndepressaria beckmanni heinemann , 1870 ; schmett . dtl . scweitz . ( 2 ) 3 : 179\ndepressaria nemolella svensson , 1982 ; ent . scand . 13 ( 3 ) : 293 ; tl : sweden\ndepressaria ivinskisi lvovsky , 1990 ; ent . obozr . 69 ( 3 ) : ( 638 - 655 )\ndepressaria hannemanniana lvovsky , 1990 ; ent . obozr . 69 ( 3 ) : ( 638 - 655 )\ndepressaria rjabovi lvovsky , 1990 ; ent . obozr . 69 ( 3 ) : ( 638 - 655 )\ndepressaria zelleri staudinger , 1880 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 15 ( 2 - 3 ) : 300\ndepressaria assalella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 343 ; tl : gafsa\ndepressaria chlorothorax meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : palestine , nazareth\ndepressaria compactella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 133\ndepressaria niphosyrphas meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 5 ) : 120 ; tl : s . ussuri\ndepressaria saharae tabelli buchner , 2017 ; zookeys 684 : 143 ; tl : canary is . , tenerife , guimar\ndepressaria aurantiella tutt , 1893 ; ent . rec . j . var . 4 : 241 ; tl : deal\ndepressaria lacticapitella klimesch , 1942 ; zs . wiener entver . 27 : 148 , pl . 12 , f . 1\ndepressaria pentheri rebel , 1904 ; ann . mus . wien 19 : 360 , pl . 5 , f . 26\ndepressaria basicostata matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1089 ; tl : japan , sapporo\ndepressaria artemisiella mcdunnough , 1927 ; can . ent . 59 : 271 ; tl : seton l . , british columbia\ndepressaria discipunctella var . helladicella rebel , 1906 ; berl . ent . z . 50 ( 3 / 4 ) : 311\ndepressaria fuscipedella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 343 ; tl : frenda , oran\ndepressaria leptotaeniae clarke , 1933 ; can . ent . 65 : 87 , pl . 4 ; tl : pullman , washington\ndepressaria hofmanni stainton , 1861 ; nat . hist . br . tineina 6 : 176 , pl . 5 , f . 2\ndepressaria pyrenaella sumpich , 2013 ; ent . rec . j . var . 125 ( 3 ) : ( 114 - 118 )\ndepressaria taciturna meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 166 ; tl : simla\ndepressaria clausulata meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 74 ; tl : ngqeleni , west pondoland\ndepressaria colossella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 133 ; tl : tjutjuje\ndepressaria saharae gaston & vives , 2017 ; arquivos ent . 17 : 352 ; tl : spain , burgos , la vid , 850m\ndepressaria floridella mann , 1864 ; wien . ent . mon . 8 ( 6 ) : 186 , pl . 4 , f . 14\ndepressaria basicostata ; ridout , 1981 , ins . matsumurana 24 : 31 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; [ nhm card ]\ndepressaria panurga meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 289 ; tl : cape colony , knysna\ndepressaria reticulatella bruand , 1851 ; m\u00e9m . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 39 ; tl : france\ndepressaria orthobathra meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 31 ; tl : natal , umkomaas ; zululand , nkwaleni\ndepressaria indecorella rebel , 1917 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 67 ( s . b . ) : 25 ; tl : orenburg\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 10\ndepressaria juliella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 9 ( 1 - 4 ) : 91 ; tl : pecos , new mexico\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) hystricella ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 11\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) taciturna ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 10\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) nomia ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 10\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) irregularis ; buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 , centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 10\ndepressaria sp . b ; mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 40 ( modoc co . , ca )\ndepressaria ultimella stainton , 1849 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 5 : 166 , pl . 17 , f . 6 ; tl : lewes\ndepressaria cinderella corley , 2002 ; nota lepid . 24 ( 4 ) : 29 ; tl : portugal , alto alentejo , serra de s\u00e3o mamede , minhota , 650m\ndepressaria cervicella herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , 1854 ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 5 ( 64 ) : 130 , ( 53 ) f . 431 - 432\ndepressaria despoliatella erschoff , 1874 ; in fedschenko , travels in turkestan . 2 ( 5 ) : 101 , pl . 6 , f . 113 ; tl : maracanda\ndepressaria rhodoscelis meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 288 ; tl : cape colony , gt . winthoek , 4500ft\ndepressaria ( depressariini ) ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 57 , 9 ; [ nacl ] , 12 ; [ fe ]\ndepressaria multifidae clarke , 1933 ; can . ent . 65 : 85 , pl . 4 ; tl : snake r . , whitman co . , opposite clarkston , washington\ndepressaria pteryxiphaga clarke , 1952 ; smithson . misc . collec . 117 : 16 , pl . 6 , f . 3 , 4 ; tl : ten sleep , wyoming\ndepressaria macrotrichella rebel , 1917 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 67 ( s . b . ) : 26 ; tl : schahkuh , n . iran\ndepressaria villosae corley & buchner , 2018 ; ent . rec . j . var . 130 : 105 ; tl : portugal , tr\u00e1s - os - montes , par\u00e2mio , vilarinho , 780m\ndepressaria nomia butler , 1879 ; ill . typical spec . lep . het . colln br . mus . 3 : 82 , pl . 60 , f . 13 ; tl : yokohama\ndepressaria atrostrigella clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 168 , pl . 35 , f . 194 ; tl : aweme , manitoba\ndepressaria palousella clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 171 , pl . 48 , f . 284 ; tl : pullmann , washington\ndepressaria constancei clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 5 , f . 2 , 9 ; tl : yreka , siskiyou co . , california\ndepressaria betina clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 9 , f . 3 , 10 ; tl : gilmer , klickitat co . , washington\ndepressaria moya clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 13 , f . 4 , 11 ; tl : hornbrook , siskiyou co . , california\ndepressaria kailai lvovsky , 2009 ; zoosyst . rossica 18 ( 1 ) : 70 ; tl : kazakhstan , 43\u00b024 ' n 75\u00b002 ' e , dzhambul prov . , 70km nne of frunze , 950m\ndepressaria ( group hystricella - taciturna ) bayindirensis buchner , kemal & kizildag , 2018 ; centr . ent . stud . misc . pap . 170 : 11 ; tl : turkey , izmir , bayindir\ndepressaria besma clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 14 , f . 5 , 12 ; tl : fort lewis , pierce co . , washington\ndepressaria armata clarke , 1952 ; smithson . misc . collec . 117 : 19 , pl . 6 , f . 5 ; tl : slate peak , whatcom co . , washington , 6500 '\ndepressaria f . / sp . ? albiocellata staudinger , 1871 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 7 ( 1870 ) : 247 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; tl : greece\ndepressaria schellbachi clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 10 , f . 6 , 13 ; tl : sshohone point , grand canyon , arizon , 7050 '\ndepressaria angelicivora clarke , 1952 ; smithson . misc . collec . 117 : 15 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : macdonald pass , 15 mi w of helena , montana , 6100 '\ndepressaria eleanorae clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 178 , pl . 38 , f . 204 , pl . 47 , f . 279 ; tl : hymers , ontario\ndepressaria artemisiella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 67 , pl . 4 , f . 35 ; [ nacl ] , # 927 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria cinereocostella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 63 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 11 ; [ nacl ] , # 921 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria yakimae clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 185 , pl . 37 , f . 201 , pl . 48 , f . 285 ; tl : yakima , yakima co . , washington\ndepressaria sp . a ; mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39 ( park co . , wy , lemhi co . , ca , alpine co . , ca , modoc co . , ca )\ndepressaria togata ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 , pl . 5 , f . 11 - 12 , 15 ; [ nacl ] , # 939 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria alienella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 12 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 ; [ nacl ] , # 926 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria whitmani clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 182 , pl . 36 , f . 200 , pl . 48 , f . 286 ; tl : snake r . , whitman co . , wahsington , opposite clarkston\ndepressaria angustati clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 189 , pl . 36 , f . 198 , pl . 48 , f . 287 ; tl : skyline ridge , mt baker distr . , whatcom co . , washington , 6200 '\ndepressaria atrostrigella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 20 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 62 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ; [ nacl ] , # 918 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria schellbachi ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 125 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70 , pl . 4 , f . 38 ; [ nacl ] , # 931 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria angelicivora ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 14 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70 , pl . 4 , f . 39 ; [ nacl ] , # 932 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria yakimae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 148 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 71 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; [ nacl ] , # 934 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria moya ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 95 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 72 , pl . 5 , f . 8 ; [ nacl ] , # 936 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria besma ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 23 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; [ nacl ] , # 937 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria pteryxiphaga ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 118 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; [ nacl ] , # 938 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria armata ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 18 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 , pl . 5 , f . 14 ; [ nacl ] , # 940 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria angustati ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 14 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 , pl . 5 , f . 13 ; [ nacl ] , # 941 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria juliella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 65 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 17 ; [ nacl ] , # 923 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria eleanorae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 50 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 , pl . 4 , f . 21 - 22 ; [ nacl ] , # 925 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria constancei ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 38 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 67 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 31 ; [ nacl ] , # 928 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria whitmani ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 68 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 37 ; [ nacl ] , # 930 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria leptotaeniae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 81 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70 , pl . 4 , f . 40 - 41 ; [ nacl ] , # 933 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria multifidae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 95 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 72 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 935 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\ndepressaria betina ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 68 , pl . 4 , f . 23 , 32 - 34 ; [ nacl ] , # 929 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\n[ south africa , western cape ] , cape colony , cape town , leg . r . m . lightfoot .\nmeyrick e . 1914b . descriptions of south african microlepidoptera . - annals of the south african museum 10 : 243\u2014257 .\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 57 ; [ nacl ] , 12 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ afromoths ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 57 ; [ nacl ] , 12 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\neu , . . . , nova scotia , s . canada , british columbia - arizona , washington . see [ maps ]\n= ; karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184 ; [ fe ]\n= ; karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184\nlarva on heracleum lanatum , pastinaca sativa hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 65 mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\ncanary is . , france , ausria , s . germany , . . . . see [ maps ]\neu , . . . , washington , british columbia , montana , sw . manitoba . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 63 ; [ nacl ] , # 919 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on artemisia drancunculoides hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 63\nmorocco , tunisia , spain , hungary , sicily , dalmatia , asia minor , palestine , . . . . see [ maps ]\nmarcella marcidella walsingham , 1907 ; ent . mon . mag . 43 : 215\nlarva on ( for prangosella ) prangos ferulacea walsingham , 1903 , ent . mon . mag . 39 : 268\nlibya , eu , caucasus , . . . , mongolia . see [ maps ]\nbadiella frustratella rebel , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 97\nhungary , balkans , greece , sweu , asia minor , palestine . see [ maps ]\nlarva on pimpinella villosa corley & buchner , 2018 , ent . rec . j . var . 130 : 105\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 65 ; [ nacl ] , # 924 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 ; [ nacl ] , # 924 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on cicuta douglasi hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 , oenanthe sarmentosa mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nswitzerland , dalmatia , balkans , sicily , . . . . see [ maps ]\nthoracella m\u00fcller - rutz , 1922 \u00b2 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 13 ( 5 ) : 237\n603x653 ( ~ 83kb ) russia : moscow area ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , 9 . 5 . 2009 , photo \u00a9\nsweu , sardinia , sicily , dalmatia , croatia , asia minor , palestine . see [ maps ]\nlarva on conopodium capillifolium corley , 2002 , nota lepid . 24 ( 4 ) : 31\nceu , hungary , dalmatia , austria , . . . , = . see [ maps ]\ndanilevskyi lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 73\ndjakonovi lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 82\nfilipjevi lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 80\nillepida hannemann , 1958 ; dt . ent . z . 5 1 : 461\njugurthella ( lucas , 1849 ) ( haemylis ) ; explor . sci . alg\u00e9rie ( zool . ) 3 : 411 , pl . 4 , f . 10\nkarmeliella amsel , 1935 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 20 ( 2 ) : 295\nkasyi hannemann , 1976 ; dt . ent . z . 23 ( 4 - 5 ) : 239\nkondarella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 75\nlongipennella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 75\nmanglisiella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 78\nparahofmanni hannemann , 1958 ; dt . ent . z . 5 1 : 564\npetronoma meyrick , 1934 \u00b2 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 475\nplatytaeniella hannemann , 1977 ; dt . ent . z . 24 ( 1 - 3 ) : 41\nschaidurovi lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 75\nsibirella lvovsky , 1981 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 103 : 80\nspectrocentra meyrick , 1935 \u00b2 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 593\nsubhirtipalpis hannemann , 1958 ; dt . ent . z . 5 1 : 463\ntabghaella amsel , 1935 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 20 ( 2 ) : 294\nvarzobella lvovsky , 1982 ; ent . obozr . 61 ( 3 ) : 582\nsw . manitoba , nova scotia - na . georgia , nebraska . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 921 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on oxypolis rigidior , sium suave , cicuta maculata , carum carvi , ligusticum scoticum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 64\nwashington , oregon , wyoming , utah , new mexico . see [ maps ]\nlarva on cicuta occidentals hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 65 , cicuta maculata mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nnova scotia , connecticut , s . canada , british columbia - california , arizona , northwest territories . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 66 ; [ nacl ] , # 926 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on artemisia , achillea hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 67\nlarva on artemisia hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 67\nlarva on lomatium californicum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 78\nlarva on lomatium nudicaule , l . triternatum , l . columbianum , l . dissectum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 68 , lomatium triternatum mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nlarva on lomatium macrocarpum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70\nlarva on lomatium macdougalii hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70\nlarva on angelica arguta hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 70 mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nlarva on lomatium dissectum mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39 , leptotaenia multifida ?\nlarva on pteryxia terebenthina foeniculacea hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 72\nlarva on lomatium columbianum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 72 , lomatium grayi , pteryxia terebinthina var . californica , p . terebinthina var . foeniculacea mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nlarva on lomatium vaginatum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74\nlarva on lomatium utriculatum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74\nlarva on preryxia terebinthina hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 74 , pteryxia terebinthina var . calcarea mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nmontana , british columbia - arizona , oregon , washington . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 939 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on lomatium ambiguum , lomatium triternatum macrocarpum , perideridia bolanderi , preryxia terebenthina foeniculacea hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75 , lomatium togata , brandegei mckenna & berenbaum , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 1 ) : 39\nlarva on lomatium brandegei hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 75\nlarva on lomatium angustatum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 76\npleurota aragonella seebold , 1899 ; dt . ent . z . iris 11 ( 2 ) : 297 ( ragonot i . l . )\noecophora pavoniella amary , 1840 ; eserc . accad . aspir . nat . , napoli 2 ( 1 ) : 84 , pl . 6 , f . 1a - b\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nnat\u00fcrliche familien des thierreichs . aus dem franz\u00f6sischen , mit anmerkungen und zus\u00e4tzen in latreille ,\nlepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 6 . 2 . gelechioidea , oecophoridae\n) in the caucasus , with a discussion of the nomenclature of a . heracliana ( linnaeus )\nexploration scientifique de l ' algerie pendant les annees 1840 , 1841 , 1842 . histoire naturelle des animaux articules ( 3 ) insectes\nsp . n . - a confused species from south - western europe ( lep . : depressariidae )\nzeller , 1854 die depressarien und einige ihne nahe stehende gattungen linn . ent . 9 : 189 - 403 , pl . 2 - 3\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nwikinow lets you discover the news you care about , follow the topics that matter to you and share your favourite stories with your friends .\nstaff numbers at the meyrick increased slightly to 122 , with staff costs totalling \u20ac2 . 39m . the firm also operates the nearby g hotel and is unlimited and not required to file annual accounts but a source close to the edwards holdings group said . . .\nedward meyrick frs was an english schoolmaster and amateur entomologist . he was an expert on microlepidoptera and some consider him one of the founders of modern microlepidoptera systematics .\nedward meyrick frs ( 24 november 1854 \u2013 31 march 1938 ) was an english schoolmaster and amateur entomologist . he was an expert on microlepidoptera and some consider him one of the founders of modern microlepidoptera systematics .\nedward meyrick was educated at marlborough college and trinity college , cambridge . meyrick began publishing notes on microlepidoptera in 1875 , but when in december , 1877 he gained a post at the king ' s school , parramatta , new south wales , there were greater opportunities for indulging his interest . he stayed in australia for ten years before returning to england to teach classics at marlborough college and become a corresponding member of the linnean society of new south wales . he was the author of handbook of british lepidoptera ( 1895 ) and exotic microlepidoptera ( mar . 1912 \u2013 nov . 1937 ) , the latter consisting of four complete volumes and part of volume five . he also wrote a great number of academic articles .\nmeyrick was a fellow of the royal entomological society of london and a fellow of the royal society . his huge collection of specimens ( over 100 , 000 ) is at the natural history museum , london . it is believed that he had collected more specimens than anyone else .\nquotations : samuel chadwick e . m . bounds edward meyrick goulburn john wesley spurgeon eric ludy art katz songs : duel of fates - john williams phantom . . .\nexaeretia lusciosa is a moth in the depressariidae family . it was described by edward meyrick in 1915 . it is found in peru and chile . the wingspan is 20\u201321 mm .\nmarissa speaks to ivan brehm , chris salans , will meyrick and olivier bendel at the opening of the world gourmet summit 2015 at one farrer hotel .\nerechthias dracaenura is a moth of the tineidae family . it is endemic to s\u00e3o tom\u00e9 , an island off the western equatorial coast of central africa . the species was . . .\nthere are several matrix . why not try to find a fault ? type something to search . . .\nanthidiellum butarsis is a species of leaf - cutting bee in the genus anthidiellum , of the family megachilidae .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1675, "summary": [{"text": "cyclophora punctaria , the maiden \u2019s blush , is a moth of the family geometridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the species can be found in europe .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 13 \u2013 25 mm. , first generation , the second generation is typically much smaller and reaches only about 22 mm wingspan .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings have a sand ground colour , or may have reddish or yellowish tints .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the pattern is variable .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the medium-sized , slightly curved and brown coloured cross line is always clearly marked .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "basal to this there is strongly curved row of dots.distally is a slightly curved row of dots .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "a further line dots is the margin .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the fringes are the basic colour .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the pattern elements continue on the hindwings .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the discal marks are the base colour and therefore hardly visible .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the moths fly in generations from may to june and in august in western europe .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the larvae feed on oak leaves . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "cyclophora punctaria", "paragraphs": ["kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name\ntammivy\u00f6mittari\nto\ncyclophora punctaria linnaeus 1758\n.\nmaiden ' s blush ( cyclophora punctaria ) - norfolk moths - the macro and micro moths of norfolk .\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\ngrauroter g\u00fcrtelpuppenspanner\nto\ncyclophora punctaria linnaeus 1758\n.\nhabitat : cyclophora punctaria inhabits oak - rich sites of all types and occurs especially in forest edges of light forests .\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\ngesprenkelter eichen - g\u00fcrtelpuppenspanner\nto\ncyclophora punctaria linnaeus 1758\n.\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\ngepunkteter eichen - g\u00fcrtelpuppenspanner\nto\ncyclophora punctaria linnaeus 1758\n.\nlife cycle : cyclophora punctaria has mostly two generations per year from mid - april to mid - june and early july to late august . the larva can be found from june to early october .\nendangerment factors : cyclophora punctaria is still quite common and only at little risk ( dark forest management with monocultures of spruce and others ) . i found the caterpillars on the eastern swabian alb along with those of cyclophora albipunctata ( these on betula ) in young plantations with oak and wild birch trees and at forest edges .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\noccurring in oak woodland , this rather attractive species is fairly common locally in the south of england , becoming scarcer further north into scotland .\nspecies , it has two generations , the first flying in may and june , and the second in august .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 07 - 05 19 : 24 : 55 page render time : 0 . 2309s total w / procache : 0 . 2676s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nremarks : the distribution extends from the iberian peninsula through much of europe to the caspian sea .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nquite variable in markings , some have large area of reddish blush in centre of forewing others a single reddish cross line .\nrecorded in 59 ( 86 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1873 . last recorded in 2018 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en\nurltoken\nnotes : local in oak woodland throughout much of england and wales . in hampshire and on the isle of wight still widespread and locally common , but less numerous on the chalk . wingspan 25 - 32 mm . fairly unmistakable , but worn , faded specimens could be confused with second generation clay triple - lines c . linearia , which see . larva feeds on pedunculate and sessile oak , over - wintering as a pupa .\nreceive our free weekly newsletter which includes our popular photo of the week and review of the week features , plus competitions , special offers and much more . hide message .\nview thousands of photos and video of butterflies and moths from around the world , or upload your own . to search by species , use the species guide ( change\nioc\nto\nbutterflies & moths\nbefore searching by taxon ) .\n\u00a9 2018 birdguides , warners group publications plc . all rights reserved . company registered in england no . 2572212 | vat registration no . gb 638 3492 15\nbl\u00e5 punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och \u00f6vriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan inneh\u00e5lla observationer som inte \u00e4r validerade . kartan uppdateras var fj\u00e4rde vecka .\ni det avancerade verktyget kan man s\u00f6ka ut och f\u00e5 fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst l\u00e4n , i en viss biotop , substrat , som p\u00e5verkas av en hotfaktor , eller som \u00e4r knutna till en sk v\u00e4rdart , t ex tr\u00e4det alm . dessa kan \u00e4ven kombineras .\ns\u00f6ka fram arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade , knutna till alm , \u00e4r beroende av d\u00f6d ved och som finns i kronobergs l\u00e4n .\ns\u00f6ka fram arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade , lever i sm\u00e5vatten och som p\u00e5verkas negativt av igenv\u00e4xning .\ndefaultl\u00e4get i verktyget \u00e4r arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade 2015 och dessa \u00e4r klassade p\u00e5 samtliga s\u00f6kfaktorer . under fliken r\u00f6dlistekategori kan man dock v\u00e4lja att \u00e4ven inkludera arter som inte \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade . om man v\u00e4ljer att inkludera icke r\u00f6dlistade arter beh\u00f6ver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte \u00e4r klassade p\u00e5 samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanst\u00e4llning av vad som \u00e4r komplett .\ndenna funktion anv\u00e4nds n\u00e4r du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka p\u00e5 deras namn . du kan ocks\u00e5 v\u00e4lja att anv\u00e4nda knappen \u201dj\u00e4mf\u00f6r arter\u201d f\u00f6r att se bilder , kartor och k\u00e4nnetecken i en j\u00e4mf\u00f6relsevy .\ndu kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via sl\u00e4kttr\u00e4det och d\u00e4r v\u00e4lja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat s\u00e4tt att g\u00f6ra ditt urval \u00e4r att anv\u00e4nda fliken \u201dfiltrera\u201d , d\u00e4r du kan s\u00f6ka p\u00e5 olika egenskaper . ovanf\u00f6r listan med s\u00f6kresultatet finns en knapp \u201dl\u00e4gg i mitt urval\u201d .\nthe mit license copyright ( c ) 2014 - 2016 google , inc . urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\nthe mit license ( mit ) copyright ( c ) 2011 - 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{"id": 1683, "summary": [{"text": "heliocheilus thomalae is a moth in the noctuidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in tanzania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "this species has a wingspan of 19 \u2013 20 mm ( 0.75 \u2013 0.79 in ) and the holotype was caught in gomba , district of amani , tanzania .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "gaede named this species after miss thomala , preparator at the berlin museum f\u00fcr naturkunde who draw his attention on this species . ", "topic": 25}], "title": "heliocheilus thomalae", "paragraphs": ["the purple topper ( heliocheilus lupatus ) is a moth in the noctuidae family .\nthe spotted straw moth ( heliocheilus turbata ) is a moth in the noctuidae family .\nthe millet head miner moth ( heliocheilus albipunctella ) is a moth in the noctuidae family .\nthe paradoxical grass moth ( heliocheilus paradoxus ) is a species of moth of the noctuidae family .\nthe heliothine genus heliocheilus grote is recalled from synonymy with heliothis ochsenheimer on the basis of a forewing modification in the male . raghuva moore and canthylidia butler are synonymized with heliocheilus . six species of heliocheilus are recognized to occur in africa , the adults of five are redescribed and the sixth described as new . figures of the adults and genitalia of all species are provided . lectotypes of raghuva multiradiata hampson , raghuva thomalae gaede , raghuva albipunctella de joannis and heliocheilus mekrana brandt are designated , and twelve specific synonymies are proposed . abstract . le genre heliocheilus grote est r\u00e9tabli , sur la base d ' une modification de l ' aile ant\u00e9rieure chez le m\u00e2le , apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en synonymie avec heliothis ochsenheimer . raghuva moore et canthylidia butler sont mis en synonymie avec lui . six especes ft heliocheilus se rencontrent en afrique , l ' une d ' entre elles est decrite ici pour la premiere fois , les adultes des cinq autres red\u00e9crits . les adultes et les genitalia de toutes les esp\u00e8ces sont figure\u00e9s . des lectotypes de raghuva multiradiata hampson , raghuva albipunctella de joannis , raghuva thomale gaede , et de heliocheilus mekrana brandt sont d\u00e9asing\u00e9s . douze synonymies au niveau specifique sont propos\u00e9es .\njahrg . 9 ( 1915 - 1916 ) - internationale entomologische zeitschrift . - biodiversity heritage library\nif you are generating a pdf of a journal article or book chapter , please feel free to enter the title and author information . the information you enter here will be stored in the downloaded file to assist you in managing your downloaded pdfs locally .\nthank you for your request . please wait for an email containing a link to download the pdf .\nsign up to receive the latest bhl news , content highlights , and promotions .\nbhl relies on donations to provide free pdf downloads and other services . help keep bhl free and open !\nthere was an issue with the request . please try again and if the problem persists , please send us feedback .\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nas part our commitment to scholarly and academic excellence , all articles receive editorial review .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\nfor full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .\n. . . 13 developmental times in days from eggs to different life stages of millet head miner reared on pearl millet spikes enclosed in exclusion cages in a field at sador\u00e9 , niger , 1996 . existing information on millet head miner includes its biology ( vercambre 1978 , gahukar 1984 , ndoye 1992 , youm 1995 ) , systematics ( laporte 1977 , matthews 1987 , huddleston and walker 1988 ) , life history ( vercambre 1978 ; guevremont 1982 guevremont , 1983 bayoun et al . 1995 ) , distribution and population dynamics ( ma\u00efga 1985 ; gahukar 1987 gahukar , 1990 nwanze and sivakumar 1990 ; ndoye 1992 ) , percentage of crop loss in the sahel ( guevremont 1982guevremont , 1983 gahukar et al . 1986 ; nwanze 1991 ; nwanze and sivakumar 1990 ) , management ( guevremont 1982guevremont , 1983 gahukar 1984 ; gahukar et al . 1986 ; bhatnagar 1987 bhatnagar , 1989using daily rainfall records from 1961 to 1990 , sivakumar et al . ( 1992 ) calculated the average length of growing season in niamey , niger , to be 109 d . . . .\neuxoa ustulata n . sp . , allied to euxoa perexcellens ( grote ) , is described from northern california . adults and genitalia of both species are illustrated .\nthivolleo , a new genus with two new species from africa ( lepidoptera : pyraloidea , crambidae , pyraust . . .\nthivolleo gen . n . is erected for three species , one known : t . xanthographa hampson , 1913 comb . n . , and two new species : t . albicervix sp . n . and t . meruensis sp . n . the three species occur in africa . the genitalia and adults of all species are illustrated . the genus is tentatively placed near pronomis munroe & mutuura , 1968 .\nthe species of acentropinae recorded from africa are listed and described with illustrations of the adults and genitalia . ten new synonymies are established . the following species are described new to science : parapoynx zambiensis , argyrophorodes angolensis , a . suttoni , elophila acornutus , e . ealensis , e . minima , nymphicula hexaxantha , eoophyla belladotae , e . cameroonensis , e . carcassoni , e . . . . [ show full abstract ]\na new species of diathrausta lederer , 1863 from africa ( lepidoptera , pyraloidea , crambidae , spilomel . . .\ndiathrausta semilunalis sp . n . is described from southern africa . the adult , genitalia , and tympanal organs are illustrated . its placement in diathrausta is discussed . cangetta fulviceps ( hampson , 1917 ) comb . n . is excluded from the genus diathrausta .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nthis page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses ."]}
{"id": 1698, "summary": [{"text": "monda afra is a moth in the psychidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by george thomas bethune-baker in 1927 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in cameroon .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 32 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are black above vein two and the terminal area is more greyish and axtends onto the termen , the rest of the wing subhyaline white .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are subhyaline white , slightly greyish next the termen . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "monda afra", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for monda definition . you find here monda meaning , synonyms of monda and images for monda copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word monda . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word monda and , of course , monda synonyms and on the right images related to the word monda .\nreview : part of london ' s toi toi musik collective , the subsequent imprint is now on its fourth outing since nicola kazimir and barbir ' s opener , and this collaborative ep makes for a mighty fine addition to a neat lit tee catalogue . yakine ' s\nstorm 88\nis the right sort of deep house joint to lead the way into darker parts of the dancefloor , which fits in just right into\nsession 2\nfrom t - wyn , a fiery bundle of technoid sounds with an experimental edge . on the b - side , ibrahim afra goes loose and explorative on the open - minded groove that is\njanuary\n, whereas\ncheese\nby t - wyn offers some form of techno relief , and afra ' s\nfarewell summer\nsteps into the hip - hop zone with its slow and break - ridden groove for the move .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ south africa , kwazulu - natal ] , natal , pietermaritzburg , e . l . 18 . xii . 1916 , leg . c . b . hardenberg .\nholotype \u2642 , tmsa ; paratypes 2\u2642 , both abdomen missing ( see janse 1919b : 139 ) , tmsa .\na junior subjective synonym of manatha aethiops hampson , 1910 ; synonymized by bourgogne ( 1973 : 366 ) .\njanse a . j . t . 1919b . south african bagworms : a new subgenus and species of the genus acanthopsyche , and a re - description of trichocossus arvensis janse . - annals of the natal museum 4 : 137\u2013141 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c25e1 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c277b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322dd07d - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322df21e - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 325007f2 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 333d36ec - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nbeccaloni g . , scoble m . , kitching i . , simonsen t . , robinson g . , pitkin b . , hine a . & lyal c . ( 2018 ) . lepindex : the global lepidoptera names index ( version 12 . 3 , jan 2012 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 47fb3124 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\n. if you continue to use the site we will assume that you agree with this .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nmonday : late again , today , he ' d be in trouble though he ' d say he was sorry , he ' d have to hurry out the bus . tuesday : horace was so sad , he ' d never had a girl that he could care for , and if he was late once more , he ' d be out .\ndon ' t be afraid , just knock on the door , well he just stood there mumblin ' and fumblin ' . then a voice from above said ,\nhorace wimp , this is your life , go out and find yourself a wife . make a stand and be a man , and you will have a great life plan .\nwednesday : horace met a girl , she was small and she was very pretty , he thought he was in love , he was afraid .\nthursday : asks her for a date , the cafe down the street tomorrow evening , his head was reeling , when she said\nyes o . k .\nwhen she says\ngladly .\nhorace cries . sunday : everybody ' s at the church , when horace rushes in and says\nnow here come my wife , for the rest of my life .\nand she did .\nour full range of studio equipment from all the leading equipment and software brands . guaranteed fast delivery and low prices .\nour full range of dj equipment from all the leading equipment and software brands . guaranteed fast delivery and low prices .\nreview : since launching in 2013 , jennifer and lowris ' aeternum music imprint has established itself as one of the standout labels on the parisian techno scene . here , the label delivers its first compilation : a quietly impressive double - pack featuring tracks from seven members of the growing aeternum family . there ' s naturally much to admire throughout , from the weird , bass - heavy wonkiness of cabanne ' s quirky opener ,\nkarim\n, to the woozy , techno - influenced , analogue deep house shuffle of seuil ' s\nelevate\n. elsewhere , martinez impresses with a chunk of sub - heavy tech - house bounce (\nminor box solution\n) , and yakine takes a trip into space via the intergalactic shuffle of\nmoontalk\n.\nreview : calling upon a strong contingent of contemporary house innovators , london ' s half baked crew make the leap to a vinyl - only release in utterly fine style . le loup steps up first with a cleanly delineated groover that calls upon a lilting string hook and crisp drums to tap into a forgotten well of micro house imagination . it ' s a vibe carried through each of the tracks on the record in different twists , with ordell coming up trumps with a woozy , squinting meander into detuned hum and slackjawed rhythm . seuil is in an equally downtempo mood on\nteoparti\n, throwing in plenty of brushed cymbals and tricksy percussion without ever sounding overly busy , while yakine takes a slightly snappier stance with cheeky rhodes stabs and a prim shuffle to get early doors heads bobbing .\nreview : with just a few releases to their name , lumiereslanuit ( or lln for fans of brevity ) has already carved a niche for itself amongst current minimal techno labels , thanks to records from vadim svoboda and roger gerressen . these two records fully qualified the london - based french label ' s intent to offer well crafted sounds for the discerning collector and selector - much the same can be said about this third slab from french producer yakine . pressed on heavyweight vinyl , the three tracks here see josselin guerrache veer through classic maurizio style dub techno (\npressure feed\n) and billowing ambient techno (\nwater flood\n) before ending on the wonderfully trippy\ncold atom\n.\nreview : paris - based yakine was there at when minimal turned techy , and when techy was kept minimalistic . ever since those late naughtiest years , the producer has been crafting his sound by searching for the perfect groove , and we think he ' s found it with this latest ep for the disjoint label . these three tunes are more mechanical than his previous efforts ; the opener\nst val 017\nboasts a mean electro bass at its core , with\neach day\nalso choosing to adopt a more brown loop beat a - la industriale , and\nt beat\npumping out more dread than dance grooves .\nonly available to uk residents over 18 , subject to terms and conditions . more info here .\nthese rates of finance are based on this specific product and can be applied for once this item has been added to the cart . adding other products to your cart may change the rate of finance or deposit required .\nall image and audio content is used by permission of the copyright holders or their agents , and / or according to fair dealing as per the uk copyright , designs and patents act 1988 .\nwe ' d like to know what you think of juno ' s website . please send us your comments and suggestions via our\nhandsel hand\nsel , n . [ written also hansel . ] [ oe . handsal , hansal , hansel , as . hands ? lena giving into hands , or more prob . fr . icel . handsal ; hand hand + sal sale , bargain ; akin to as . sellan to give , deliver . see sell , sale . ] 1 . a sale , gift , or delivery into the hand of another ; especially , a sale , gift , delivery , or using which is the first of a series , and regarded as on omen for the rest ; a first installment ; an earnest ; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning , the first money taken at a shop newly opened , the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day , etc . their first good handsel of breath in this world . - - fuller . our present tears here , not our present laughter , are but the handsels of our joys hereafter . - - herrick . 2 . price ; payment . [ obs . ] - - spenser . handsel monday , the first monday of the new year , when handsels or presents are given to servants , children , etc .\nmarimonda mar ` i * mon\nda , n . [ sp . ] ( zo [\no ] l . ) a spider monkey ( ateles belzebuth ) of central and south america .\nmonday mon\nday ( m [ u ^ ] n\nd [ asl ] ; 48 ) , n . [ oe . moneday , monenday , as . m [ = o ] nand [ ae ] g , i . e . , day of the moon , day sacred to the moon ; akin to d . maandag , g . montag , ohg . m [ = a ] natag , icel . m [ = a ] nadagr , dan . mandag , sw . m [ * a ] ndag . see moon , and day . ] the second day of the week ; the day following sunday .\nwhitmonday whit\nmon ` day , n . ( eccl . ) the day following whitsunday ; - - called also whitsun monday .\nfor his 1971 hit\nchick - a - boom ( don ' t ya jes ' love it )\n."]}
{"id": 1702, "summary": [{"text": "mecyna fuscimaculalis is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by grote in 1878 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from texas and alberta . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "mecyna fuscimaculalis", "paragraphs": ["photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1704, "summary": [{"text": "palatobaena is an extinct genus of baenid turtle .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "it was first named by gaffney in 1972 and the type species is palatobaena bairdi .", "topic": 29}, {"text": "it based on a fragmentary skull from the fort union formation of the bighorn basin of wyoming .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "the two other species are p. gaffneyi ( a complete skull from eocene ( wasatchian north american land mammal age ) ) and p. cohen which existed in hell creek formation , north dakota during the late cretaceous period ( maastrichtian age ) . ", "topic": 10}], "title": "palatobaena", "paragraphs": ["belongs to palatobaena according to j . d . archibald and j . h . hutchison 1979\nrevision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) with the description of a new species ( postilla ) : j . david archibald : urltoken books\nrevision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) with the description of a new species ( postilla ) : urltoken j . david archibald : books\nfull reference : j . d . archibald and j . h . hutchison . 1979 . revision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) , with the description of a new species . postilla 177 : 1 - 19\nty - jour ti - revision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) , with the description of a new species t2 - postilla . vl - 177 ur - urltoken pb - peabody museum of natural history , cy - new haven , conn . : py - 1979 sp - 1 ep - 19 sn - 0079 - 4295 er -\n@ article { bhlpart83271 , title = { revision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) , with the description of a new species } , journal = { postilla . } , volume = { 177 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { new haven , conn . : peabody museum of natural history , [ 1950 ? ] - c2004 . } , author = { } , year = { 1979 } , pages = { 1 - - 19 } , }\n< mods xmlns : xlink =\nurltoken\nversion =\n3 . 0\nxmlns : xsi =\nurltoken\nxmlns =\nurltoken\nxsi : schemalocation =\nurltoken urltoken\n> < titleinfo > < title > revision of the genus palatobaena ( testudines , baenidae ) , with the description of a new species < / title > < / titleinfo > < typeofresource > text < / typeofresource > < genre authority =\nmarcgt\n> < / genre > < note type =\ncontent\n> 177 < / note > < relateditem type =\nhost\n> < titleinfo > < title > postilla . < / title > < / titleinfo > < origininfo > < place > < placeterm type =\ntext\n> new haven , conn . : < / placeterm > < / place > < publisher > peabody museum of natural history , < / publisher > < / origininfo > < part > < detail type =\nvolume\n> < number > 177 < / number > < / detail > < extent unit =\npages\n> < start > 1 < / start > < end > 19 < / end > < / extent > < date > 1979 < / date > < / part > < / relateditem > < identifier type =\nuri\n> urltoken < / identifier > < accesscondition type =\nuseandreproduction\n> in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . < / accesscondition > < / mods >\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .\nthere are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :\nyou have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .\nyour browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .\nyour browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .\nthe date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .\nyou have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .\nthis site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .\nthis site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .\nin general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\ntype specimen : ucmp 114529 , a skull ( complete skull lacking right orbital region , sutures not co - ossified , slightly distorted ) . its type locality is upper meniscotherium , which is in a wasatchian fluvial sandstone in the wasatch formation of wyoming .\nfull reference : e . s . gaffney . 1972 . the systematics of the north american family baenidae ( reptilia , cryptodira ) . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 147 ( 5 ) : 245 - 312\nparent taxon : palatobaeninae according to t . r . lyson et al . 2016\nsee also archibald and hutchison 1979 , bryant 1989 , carroll 1988 , estes 1976 , gaffney 1972 , holroyd et al . 2001 , holroyd and hutchison 2002 , hutchison 1992 , hutchison and holroyd 2003 , lyson and joyce 2010 and lyson and joyce 2011\ncan ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .\nnew haven , conn . : peabody museum of natural history , [ 1950 ? ] - c2004 .\nenter your mobile number or email address below and we ' ll send you a link to download the free kindle app . then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone , tablet , or computer - no kindle device required .\nin fiction , nonfiction , mysteries , children ' s books , and much more .\nprime members enjoy free two - day shipping and exclusive access to music , movies , tv shows , original audio series , and kindle books .\nafter viewing product detail pages , look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in .\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nwe don ' t know when or if this item will be back in stock .\ninstantly receive a \u00a310 urltoken gift card if you\u2019re approved for the amazon platinum mastercard with instant spend . representative 21 . 9 % apr ( variable ) .\ncredit offered by newday ltd , over 18s only , subject to status . terms apply .\nprime members enjoy fast & free shipping , unlimited streaming of movies and tv shows with prime video and many more exclusive benefits ."]}
{"id": 1710, "summary": [{"text": "the salamandroidea are a suborder of salamanders , referred to as advanced salamanders .", "topic": 7}, {"text": "the members of the suborder are found worldwide except for antarctica , sub-saharan africa , and oceania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "they differ from suborder cryptobranchoidea as the angular and prearticular bones in their lower jaws are fused , and all members use internal fertilization .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the female is fertilized by means of a spermatophore , a sperm-containing cap placed by the male in her cloaca .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the sperm is stored in spermathecae on the roof of the cloaca until it is needed at the time of oviposition .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "the earliest known salamandroid fossils are specimens of the species beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the tiaojishan formation , dated to the late jurassic period about 157 ( plus or minus 3 ) million years ago . ", "topic": 15}], "title": "salamandroidea", "paragraphs": ["fossils , molecules , divergence times , and the origin of salamandroidea . - pubmed - ncbi\nsalamandroidea is known as the salamander family , and first appeared about 160 million years ago .\nwhat made you want to look up salamandroidea ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .\nsuborder salamandroidea fertilization internal ; angular bone fused with prearticular bone in lower jaw ; 2 pairs of limbs ; external gills in a few species that remain permanently aquatic ; aquatic , semiaquatic , and terrestrial . family ambystomatidae ( mole salamanders ) small to moderate size , to 35 cm ; usually with well - developed lungs ; \u2026\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nproc natl acad sci u s a . 2012 apr 10 ; 109 ( 15 ) : 5557 - 8 . doi : 10 . 1073 / pnas . 1202491109 . epub 2012 mar 28 .\ndepartment of comparative biology and experimental medicine , university of calgary , calgary , ab , canada t2n 4n1 . janders @ urltoken\npmid : 22460794 pmcid : pmc3326514 doi : 10 . 1073 / pnas . 1202491109\nstratigraphic column from the mid - mesozoic to recent , showing the impact of the new fossil salamander published in pnas ( ) . the blue bar represents the estimate of salamandroid divergence from yang and rannala ( ) , and the red bar represents that from zhang et al . ( ) . \u201ca\u201d is the stratigraphic placement of the stem salamander kokartus ; \u201cb1\u201d the age of chunerpeton used in reisz and m\u00fcller ( ) and roelants ( ) ; \u201cb2\u201d the age of chunerpeton used by zhang et al . ( ) ; \u201cc\u201d the new fossil salamandroid ; and \u201cd\u201d the previously oldest known salamandroid valdotriton . the new salamandroid extends their known range by 40 myr ( dashed red line ) , placing it older than an estimate made from the fossil record ( ) . the impact of changing hypotheses of taxonomic or stratigraphic placement is also demonstrated ; the different age interpretations for chunerpeton has a 17 - myr impact on the divergence estimate as read from the fossil record ( dashed line ) .\nproc natl acad sci u s a . 2012 apr 10 ; 109 ( 15 ) : 5557 - 5558 .\nwe paleontologists can sometimes suffer from envy when we look at the sheer amount of data that a molecular systematist can bring to bear on a question of evolutionary relationship between species . our fossils are often fragmentary , and the fossil record can be stingy , especially failing to produce small , fragile taxa such as amphibians over periods of tens of millions of years . nevertheless , paleontologists have exclusive access to some information from deep time , primarily the combination of primitive and derived states that can tell the story of character transformation within a lineage , assuming the taxon is sufficiently well represented in the fossil record . we also used to claim exclusive access to information on the timing of events of evolution , but because of the development of molecular clock techniques we now have to share this stage . molecular divergence estimates are highly sensitive to the number , location , and topological distribution of calibration points (\n) , and fossils , being constraints on the younger end of cladogenesis , necessarily underestimate divergence timing . the result of these sets of potential biases is a frequent mismatch in the ages estimated by using either set of data . this discrepancy has certainly been evident with respect to the evolution of extant amphibians ( frogs , salamanders , and caecilians ; collectively lissamphibia ) , with molecular estimates being much older ( as much as 100 myr ) than the fossil record suggests (\nsalamanders are the morphologically most generalized of the three extant groups , not having the locomotor specializations of their sister taxa frogs ( i . e . , jumping ) or caecilians ( i . e . , burrowing ) . there is an important divergence near the base of the salamander phylogenetic tree ( fig . 1 ) between the cryptobranchoids ( cryptobranchidae and hynobiidae ) , and salamandroids ( all other salamanders , excepting sirenidae , whose placement remains controversial ) . until the pnas study ( 12 ) , the oldest known salamandroid was from the cretaceous of spain ( 13 ) . gao and shubin ' s new species extends this range by 40 myr , with important implications for our understanding of salamander evolution .\nstratigraphic column from the mid - mesozoic to recent , showing the impact of the new fossil salamander published in pnas ( 12 ) . the blue bar represents the estimate of salamandroid divergence from yang and rannala ( 1 ) , and the red bar represents that from zhang et al . ( 6 ) . \u201ca\u201d is the stratigraphic placement of the stem salamander kokartus ; \u201cb1\u201d the age of chunerpeton used in reisz and m\u00fcller ( 3 ) and roelants ( 9 ) ; \u201cb2\u201d the age of chunerpeton used by zhang et al . ( 6 ) ; \u201cc\u201d the new fossil salamandroid ; and \u201cd\u201d the previously oldest known salamandroid valdotriton . the new salamandroid extends their known range by 40 myr ( dashed red line ) , placing it older than an estimate made from the fossil record ( 6 ) . the impact of changing hypotheses of taxonomic or stratigraphic placement is also demonstrated ; the different age interpretations for chunerpeton has a 17 - myr impact on the divergence estimate as read from the fossil record ( dashed line ) .\nit is the 40 - myr age range extension that has the most exciting implications . a number of estimates for the divergence of cryptobranchoids and salamandroids have been made in the past several years (\n) has become more commonplace . however , these estimates are still much older than suggested by a direct reading of the fossil record . one recent attempt to infer divergence by using just fossils (\n) estimated this split to be at approximately 143 mya , which is more than 30 myr more recent than the youngest of the molecular estimates , and 80 myr younger than the average of the molecular estimates .\nthis discrepancy results from a few issues with the fossil data that skew this estimate toward younger ages , and biases in the molecular data that skew estimates in the older direction . the first , and probably greatest , effect with respect to this particular fossil - based estimate is the incompleteness of the fossil record for lissamphibians . there are enormous periods of nonrepresentation during which we know there must have been fossils . approximately 80 myr span between triadobatrachus ( the first frog ) and the stem salamanders karaurus and kokartus . similarly , there are approximately 55 myr between triadobatrachus and the first caecilian eocaecilia , and the next caecilian fossil does not occur for another 45 myr ( 20 ) . the fossil record improves as it gets progressively younger , but not evenly or even predictably . this incompleteness makes what is already an underestimate biased toward even younger ages . a second issue is a methodological decision made by marjanovi\u0107 and laurin ( 10 ) to use \u201chard\u201d maximal constraints , i . e . , making the statement that a clade can definitely not be older than a particular lower bound ( in stratigraphic terms , older is toward the bottom and younger to the top of a stacked time series ) . however , we already know that the fossil record is an underestimate of true age of divergence , so those bounds themselves are just as prone to these same systematic biases , and most of the molecular studies have not used maximal constraints as a result . finally , there is a disagreement over the age of the earliest cryptobranchoid chunerpeton ( 21 ) , which underscores the need for explicitness when using stratigraphic and fossil data to constrain divergence estimates ( 4 ) .\nthis discrepancy is where the new fossil salamandroid fits into the picture . gao and shubin ' s new salamander extends the known range of salamandroids by 40 myr , or 17 myr older than the time that had been estimated by the fossils alone . this starkly underscores the caution we must take when making statements about evolutionary trends from a direct reading of the fossil record . however , the new fossil salamander is still much younger than most estimates from molecular clocks .\ngao and shubin ' s new salamander extends the known range of salamandroids by 40 myr .\nthis may be a result of a fragmentary fossil record ; fossils await discovery that will create more range extensions into deep time , eventually to approach the dates suggested by the molecular clocks . alternatively , it might point toward systematic biases within the chosen calibration method ( 1 ) or the molecular data themselves ( 22 ) .\none recent molecular study estimated a time of divergence that fits very well with this new fossil ( 5 ) . the authors used fossil data in a number of innovative ways . first , they used a number of external and internal calibration points from the fossil record as hard minimal constraints ( i . e . , the clade must have diverged by this point ) . they then took the suggestion of using maxima ( 10 ) , but instead of using these as absolute or hard constraints , used them as \u201csoft\u201d constraints by creating a distribution of possible ages for these events . the result of their method , depending on the exact parameters used , places the basal salamander divergence slightly ( 3 myr ) to reasonably ( 13 myr ) older than this first salamandroid ( fig . 1 ) . not using any maximal constraint increased the age of estimation for the divergence by 20 to 30 myr , and using hard maxima made the estimate 10 myr younger than the soft maxima . the preference for using the soft maxima withstood this test from the fossil record well , and may point the direction for future molecular clock work ( 1 ) , but further analytical work will be necessary to ensure these results are repeatable and consistent before they become standard practice . however , notwithstanding the caution with which fossil data should be used , they appear to increase the accuracy of estimates of divergence made by molecular clock models , and should be incorporated ( with appropriate provisos ) whenever possible .\ni thank a . jaszlics for the image of notophthalmus ; and brian gratwicke for the image of cryptobranchus .\nnote : we only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it , and that it is not junk mail . we do not capture any email address .\nmessage body ( your name ) thought you would like to see the pnas web site .\nresearchers used field data from 2012 to 2015 to study mortality and allele frequency changes in the sea star pisaster ochraceus during a mass mortality event in northcentral california , and found that surviving adult and juvenile sea stars experienced 81 % mortality and allele shifts , according to the authors .\na survey of more than 4 , 600 american adults conducted in 1995 - 1996 and in 2011 - 2014 suggests that among individuals of low socioeconomic status , negative affect increased significantly between the two survey waves , whereas life satisfaction and psychological well - being decreased .\na study of cognitive ability in norwegian males born from 1962 to 1991 suggests that environmental factors rather than changing genetic composition of families likely account for most of the change in norwegian population iq .\nthe mathematical tools behind recent gerrymandering cases have brought a modicum of precision into the political arena\u2014but this rigor hasn\u2019t always been enough to spur policy changes .\nthis is a directory page . britannica does not currently have an article on this topic .\nhorse , ( equus caballus ) , a hoofed , herbivorous mammal of the family equidae . it comprises a single species , \u2026\nlove words ? you must \u2014 there are over 200 , 000 words in our free online dictionary , but you are looking for one that\u2019s only in the merriam - webster unabridged dictionary .\nthe story of an imaginary word that managed to sneak past our editors and enter the dictionary .\ntake this quiz and discover 12 words for things you didn ' t know had words .\nchris taklis added an association between\nbrief summary\nand\ntriturus macedonicus\n.\nchris taklis added an association between\nbrief summary\nand\ntriturus macedonicus ( karaman , 1922 )\n.\nchris taklis added text to\nbrief summary\non\ntriturus macedonicus ( karaman , 1922 )\n.\nchris taklis added the greek common name\n\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\nto\ntriturus macedonicus ( karaman , 1922 )\n.\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nthis page was last edited on 8 december 2017 , at 20 : 09 .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy .\n( zool . ) a division of amphibia including the salamanders and allied groups ; the urodela .\nall content on this website , including dictionary , thesaurus , literature , geography , and other reference data is for informational purposes only . this information should not be considered complete , up to date , and is not intended to be used in place of a visit , consultation , or advice of a legal , medical , or any other professional .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nplease set a username for yourself . people will see it as author name with your public flash cards ."]}
{"id": 1713, "summary": [{"text": "the slaty spinetail or slaty castlebuilder , ( synallaxis brachyura ) , is a passerine bird which breeds in the tropical new world from northern honduras to western ecuador and east-central brazil .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "it is a member of the south american bird family furnariidae , a group in which many species build elaborate clay nests , giving rise to the english name for the family of \" ovenbirds \" .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "however , the slaty spinetail constructs a bulky spherical stick nest 36x43 cm in size , with a long tubular entrance , 0.4 \u2013 4.5 m high in a shrub or vine covered tree .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "it lays two or three greenish white eggs .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "this species is a widespread and common resident breeder in lowlands and up to 1500 m altitude in a range of scrubby habitats , including second growth , road and river edges , and overgrown pasture .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the slaty spinetail is typically 15 cm long , and weighs 18.5 g .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "it is a slender bird with a long , pointed wispy tail .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "the plumage is mainly dark grey-brown becoming dark grey on the head .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the crown and shoulder patches are rich rufous .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "sexes are similar , but young birds are duller and browner with a yellowish chin .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the slaty spinetail is an insectivore which is difficult to see as it forages for beetles , caterpillars and other prey deep in tangled thickets , but may be located by its hard chu-chu-chrrrr call . ", "topic": 12}], "title": "slaty spinetail", "paragraphs": ["remsen , j . v . , jr ( 2018 ) . slaty spinetail ( synallaxis brachyura ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\nthe slaty spinetail is common in a variety of open woodland and shrubby habitats in the tropical and subtropical zones ( 200 - 3300m ) , ranging from the northern coast of honduras to southwest ecuador . it is often found foraging in family groups or pairs in low , dense vegetation . it has a uniformly dark gray body with deep rufous wing coverts and a rufous crown , extending from behind the forehead to the nape . the four subspecies recognized are separated both geographically and altitudinally . brachyura is found in northern colombia ( mostly below 300m ) and has a deep chestnut crown and a paler gray supercilium . caucae is found mostly above 1 , 000m central colombia is paler overall . griseonucha of southwest ecuador is darker overall with a silvery throat and some white in the belly . nigrofumosa is found primarily above 1 , 000m in western ecuador and western colombia , and is similar to griseonucha but with a dark throat .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nsacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .\njustification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthe global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) . trend justification : this population is suspected to be increasing as ongoing habitat degradation is creating new areas of suitable habitat ( del hoyo et al . 2003 ) .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nthere are many ways to contribute\u2014we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !\n) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :\nphylogenetic study # r found this species to be sister to s . subpudica . proposed race chapmani ( colombia ) described as like nigrifumosa but with rump slightly browner and crown , wings and underparts slightly paler , but variation apparently clinal , and individual specimens not diagnosable . named taxon jaraguana ( goi\u00e1s , in e brazil ) , described as race of present species , was based on misidentified specimens of s . hypospodia . race nigrifumosa often ( as in hbw ) misspelt nigrofumosa # r . four subspecies tentatively recognized .\nlawrence , 1865 \u2013 nc honduras s to panama and nw colombia s to nw ecuador ( s to n guayas ) .\nchapman , 1923 \u2013 sw ecuador ( s from guayas and azuay ) s to extreme nw peru ( tumbes ) .\n14\u201316 cm ; 16\u201321 g . one of the darkest species in genus . nominate race has deep rufous - chestnut crown and nape , greyish supercilium , darker grey rest of head , dark . . .\nsong a low \u201cch - ch - ch - churrr - r - r - r\u201d , \u201cje - ch - ch - chrrrrr\u201d or \u201cchut - chut - . . .\nsecond - growth scrub , riparian thickets , and undergrowth at edges of montane evergreen forest and . . .\ndietary items recorded are coleoptera , hemiptera , larval diptera and lepidoptera , spiders , spider eggs , and seeds . usually in pairs , . . .\neggs in jan\u2013feb and apr\u2013oct in costa rica . monogamous ; paired throughout year . nest a bulky mass c . 20\u201340 cm high and 40 . . .\nnot globally threatened . fairly common to common in most of range . occurs in la planada nature reserve and r\u00edo \u00f1amb\u00ed natural reserve , in colombia . tolerant of moderate . . .\nonly subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !\nonly members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !\nrecent phylogenetic work supports subdivision into 5\u20136 clades ( herein tribes ) , depending on inclusion or exclusion of xenopini # r .\nincorporates poecilurus , siptornopsis and gyalophylax , all of which have been found to be morphologically and genetically # r inseparable from synallaxis . see also mazaria ( above ) .\nget access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 \u20ac ( instead of 59 . 90 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 85 \u20ac )\nsupporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .\nview more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 9 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 134 . 85 \u20ac )\nthere is a registration fee of 20\u20ac . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won\u2019t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .\nif you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .\nthis map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .\nhbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .\nno flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .\nan individual briefly appearing at the edge of a bush before moving back into cover .\ncall given by a bird in a pasture beside the forest ; form chapmani .\nrichard garrigues , josep del hoyo , keith blomerley , pere sugranyes , greg baker .\nmanuel retana , juanfran herrera cueva , juan d , mauricio rueda , megan , lars petersson , orlando jarqu\u00edn g . , fred werner , greg griffith , joe tobias , marc fasol .\nthis species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : synallaxis brachyura . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nall ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair\nall records ( accepted , rejected , pending ) . to filter / search please enter a phrase . e . g . to filter rejected records , type rejected into the search box , all columns can be filtered .\nhave you seen something interesting ? click submit to share your rare bird sightings via our simple form .\n\u00a9 2018 birdguides , warners group publications plc . all rights reserved . company registered in england no . 2572212 | vat registration no . gb 638 3492 15\n12 - 15 april 2014 for many known birding destinations in costa rica , we don\u2019t have great earth - shattering news to share . the destinations are well documented ( in barrett lawson\u2019s excellent costa rican birdfinding guide as well as online ) and the expected species are well documented . that said , we can still share our experiences , tag on a few [ . . . ]\n5 july 2012 \u2013 el sendero los quetzales ( boquete side ) expectations were high for the los quetzales trail , and it did not disappoint . we parked at the anam ranger station and hiked the 4wd road in and the first few kilometers of the trail . quite close to the ranger station we had our first of many mixed species flocks and found the beautiful [ . . . ]\nprivacy & cookies : this site uses cookies . by continuing to use this website , you agree to their use . to find out more , including how to control cookies , see here : cookie policy"]}
{"id": 1716, "summary": [{"text": "phyllonorycter ulicicolella is a moth of the gracillariidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is known from great britain , spain , france , italy and greece .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "the wingspan is 6 \u2013 8 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing from june to august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on ulex species .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they mine the spines , shoots or bark of their host plant . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "phyllonorycter ulicicolella", "paragraphs": ["phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( gorse midget ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .\nphyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva\narticle : phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva\ndetails - phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva - biodiversity heritage library\nsteve and myself had a search for early - emerging day flyers last week at hartlebury common - i was keeping my eye out for leaf mines , namely those of phyllonorycter ulicicolella .\nty - jour ti - phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva t2 - the entomologist ' s record and journal of variation . vl - 117 ur - urltoken pb - s . n . cy - [ london : py - 2005 sp - 169 ep - 170 sn - 0013 - 8916 au - edmunds , rob ( r edmunds @ ntlworld com ) er -\n@ article { bhlpart194668 , title = { phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva } , journal = { the entomologist ' s record and journal of variation . } , volume = { 117 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder } , url = urltoken publisher = { [ london : s . n . } , author = { edmunds , rob ( r edmunds @ ntlworld com ) } , year = { 2005 } , pages = { 169 - - 170 } , }\n< mods xmlns : xlink =\nurltoken\nversion =\n3 . 0\nxmlns : xsi =\nurltoken\nxmlns =\nurltoken\nxsi : schemalocation =\nurltoken urltoken\n> < titleinfo > < title > phyllonorycter ulicicolella ( stt . ) ( lep : gracillariidae ) - a first description of the larva < / title > < / titleinfo > < name > < namepart > edmunds , rob ( r edmunds @ ntlworld com ) < / namepart > < / name > < typeofresource > text < / typeofresource > < genre authority =\nmarcgt\n> < / genre > < note type =\ncontent\n> 117 < / note > < relateditem type =\nhost\n> < titleinfo > < title > the entomologist & # 39 ; s record and journal of variation . < / title > < / titleinfo > < origininfo > < place > < placeterm type =\ntext\n> [ london : < / placeterm > < / place > < publisher > s . n . < / publisher > < / origininfo > < part > < detail type =\nvolume\n> < number > 117 < / number > < / detail > < extent unit =\npages\n> < start > 169 < / start > < end > 170 < / end > < / extent > < date > 2005 < / date > < / part > < / relateditem > < identifier type =\nuri\n> urltoken < / identifier > < accesscondition type =\nuseandreproduction\n> in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder < / accesscondition > < / mods >\nthis nationally scarce ( nb ) species is found in heathland and grassland in southern england and also northwest england .\n) . the mines are difficult to find but can be fairly distinctive when seen .\nthe mines in the photos shown were all within a metre of the ground on bushes that were at least 2m high .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 24 23 : 27 : 37 page render time : 0 . 3695s total w / procache : 0 . 4423s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\npossibly under - recorded as mine is almost invisible so seldom encountered except as an adult .\nrecorded in 6 ( 9 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 2017 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\na rarely found mine . the larva feeds in the epidermis and in this mine a clear area can be seen at the top of the mine , with frass deposited lower down ( british leafminers ) .\nlarva : the larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles ( see video of a gracillarid larva feeding ) , six thoracic legs and abdominal legs ( see examples ) .\npupa : the pupae of moths have visible head appendages , wings and legs which lie in sheaths ( see examples ) .\nadult : the adult is not illustrated in ukmoths ( check for update ) . the species is included in urltoken .\ndistribution in great britain and ireland : widespread in southern england ( british leafminers ) including fleet , hampshire ( british leafminers ) ; dorset , durham , east norfolk , east suffolk , hertfordshire , south essex west cornwall and west norfolk ( nbn atlas ) .\ndistribution elsewhere : continental europe including french mainland , greek mainland , italian mainland ( karsholt and van nieukerken in fauna europaea ) .\nresident . rare , and in danger of extinction in east sussex ; undetected in west sussex since it was last listed in 1905 . single - brooded , flying mainly during june and july , although this has yet to be confirmed in sussex . larvae feed on ( the bark of ) gorse and dwarf gorse . ( pratt , 2011 )\na maximum of five species may be selected . the data for each species can be then viewed on the same page . tick the box below to select this species .\nfor moth sightings in and around herefordshire and worcestershire . we can also help with id ' s .\nafter two and a half hours searching , this was the most promising candidate i found . there aren ' t many photographs to refer to , but i can ' t think of anything that would mine a gorse needle in this way . any opinions ?\nbiodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p\u2026 urltoken"]}
{"id": 1737, "summary": [{"text": "epermenia meyi is a moth in the epermeniidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by gaedike in 2004 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in ethiopia , kenya and malawi . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "epermenia meyi", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about epermenia leucomantis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for epermenia leucomantis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a fact about epermenia triacuta ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for epermenia triacuta ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a fact about epermenia insecurella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for epermenia insecurella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nholotype \u2642 , type no . 00401729 , genitalia slide gaedike 3339\u2642 , zmuc ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 6\u2640 , zmuc , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 7004\u2642 , nmk ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 5\u2640 , sdei , rmca , coll . agassiz .\nholotype \u2642 , rmca ent 000003212 , rmca ; paratypes 18\u2642 , 12\u2640 , rmca , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 4960\u2642 , zmhb ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 2\u2640 , zmhb , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 4923\u2642 , mnhn ; paratypes 7\u2642 , 4\u2640 , mnhn , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , sdei ; 32 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , sdei , rmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , nmk ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 2\u2640 , sdei , nhmo , coll . agassiz .\nholotype \u2642 , zmhb ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides gaedike 7528\u2642 , 7527\u2640 , zmhb , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 7047\u2642 , rmca ent 000003199 , rmca ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 1\u2640 , 1 specimen without abdomen , rmca , sdei , nhmo .\nholotype \u2642 , nmk ; paratypes 6\u2642 , nmk , sdei , coll . agassiz .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 705\u2642 , rmca ent 000003247 , rmca ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , 2 specimens without abdomen , rmca , zsm , sdei , coll . agassiz .\nholotype \u2642 , sdei ; allotype \u2640 , genitalia slide geometridae 17533\u2640 , bmnh ; paratype 1\u2642 , bmnh .\nholotype \u2640 ( not \u2642 as stated in the original description , see bartsch & berg 2012 : 31 ) , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide petersen 2226\u2642 , sdei ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 5988\u2642 , zsm .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 7910\u2642 , zsm ; paratypes 5\u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 5986\u2642 , zsm , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 7911\u2642 , zsm ; praatypes 6\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides gaedike 5991 , 5987 , 5989 , 5990 , zsm , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 6011\u2642 , zmuc ; paratypes genitalia slides gaedike 6186\u2642 , derra 6405\u2642 , 6406\u2642 , zmuc , sdei , coll . derra .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 2013\u2642 , zsm ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 2483\u2642 , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , sdei ; paratypes 6\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides gaedike 7934 , 7959 , 7931 , sdei , coll . st\u00fcbner .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 8083\u2642 , zmhb ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide gaedike 5994\u2642 , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , lnk ; paratypes 7\u2642 , 1 specimen , lnk , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , zmuh ; paratypes 2x11 , genitalia slide gaedike 5978\u2642 , zmuh , sdei .\nholotype \u2642 , sdei ; paratypes 11\u2642 , genitalia slides gaedike 7923\u2642 , 7953\u2642 , 7954\u2642 , sdei , coll . st\u00fcbner .\nholotype \u2642 , zmuc ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides gaedike 8085\u2642 , 7908\u2640 , 7909\u2642 , derra 5173\u2642 [ lost ] , sdei , zmuc , zmuh .\nthe sabinet african epublications ( sa epublications ) service has been available online to clients with great success since 2001 . this service is the most comprehensive , searchable collection of full - text african electronic journals available on one platform which focuses on information originating from or pertaining to africa . read more . . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nnew or poorly known epermeniidae of the afrotropis ( lepidoptera : epermenioidea ) | f\u00f6rderverein des deutschen entomologischen instituts e . v .\ncontributions to entomology , volume 63 , issue 1 , p . 149 - 168 ( 2013 )"]}
{"id": 1744, "summary": [{"text": "potamon potamios is a semi-terrestrial crab occurring around the eastern mediterranean , including many mediterranean islands , extending as far south and west as the sinai peninsula . ", "topic": 13}], "title": "potamon potamios", "paragraphs": ["subfamily potaminae . seven subspecies of p . potamios have been recognised over the years ( ghiavarini 1934 ; pretzmann 1962 , 1984 , 1986 ; bott 1967 ) mainly to recognise subpopulations of this species that inhabit islands . this taxon was most recently revised as potamon ( potamon ) potamios by brandis et al . ( 2000 ) and it is treated here as potamon potamios .\nphoto of the freshwater crab , potamon potamios , one of the four freshwater crab species found in greece . its distribution is now very limited due to the destruction of its habitat by humans .\nin cyprus , p . potamios is threatened by deforestation , loss of water in its habitat , and pollution from pesticides . protection from these threats may be provided to those populations of crabs that are found in the state forests which are protected areas in the westernmost tip of the island of cyprus that may become part of a national park in the near future .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ncyprus ; egypt ( sinai ) ; greece ( east aegean is . , kriti ) ; israel ; jordan ; lebanon ; palestinian territory , occupied ; syrian arab republic ; turkey ( turkey - in - asia )\nno conservation measures are known to be in place for this species in most parts of its range .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\ndatabase contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 1747, "summary": [{"text": "bolbena is a genus of praying mantises native to africa .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "it includes the following species : bolbena assimilis bolbena hottentotta bolbena maraisi bolbena minor bolbena orientalis bolbena minutissima", "topic": 3}], "title": "bolbena", "paragraphs": ["gladiator expedition ( image keywords ) , africa ( image keywords ) , namibia . ( image keywords ) , bolbena assimilis ( image keywords )\nthis bolbena ( bolbena ) assimilis ( kaltenbach , 1996 ) was attracted to light at mason shelter on the brandberg massif . it is one of the praying mantids collected during the\ngladiator expedition\nto namibia in 2002 . the main aim of the expedition was to find specimens of mantophasmatodea ; a secondary aim was to survey other animals in the region . phil bragg collected mantids on the expedition .\nthis male bolbena ( bolbena ) assimilis ( kaltenbach , 1996 ) was collected at light at mason shelter on the brandberg massif . it is one of the praying mantids collected during the\ngladiator expedition\nto namibia in 2002 . the main aim of the expedition was to find specimens of mantophasmatodea ; a secondary aim was to survey other animals in the region . phil bragg collected mantids on the expedition .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthe agaricales , or euagarics clade , is a monophyletic group of approximately 8500 mushroom species . . . read more\nthe tree of life web project ( tol ) is a collaborative effort of biologists and nature enthusiasts from around the world . on more than 10 , 000 world wide web pages , the project provides information about biodiversity , the characteristics of different groups of organisms , and their evolutionary history ( phylogeny ) .\nthe affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree . . . as buds give rise by growth to fresh buds , and these if vigorous , branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch , so by generation i believe it has been with the great tree of life , which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth , and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications .\ntree of life design , images , and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2005 tree of life web project . all rights reserved . image of rose \u00a9 1999 nick kurzenko . image of annelid worm \u00a9 2001 greg w . rouse .\nehrmann , r . 2002 . mantodea : gottesanbeterinnen der welt . natur und tier , m\u00fcnster .\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\nfirst , try refreshing the page and clicking current location again . make sure you click allow or grant permissions if your browser asks for your location . if your browser doesn ' t ask you , try these steps :\nat the top of your chrome window , near the web address , click the green lock labeled secure .\nin the window that pops up , make sure location is set to ask or allow .\nyou ' re good to go ! reload this yelp page and try your search again .\nif you ' re still having trouble , check out google ' s support page . you can also search near a city , place , or address instead .\nat the top of your opera window , near the web address , you should see a gray location pin . click it .\nif you ' re still having trouble , check out opera ' s support page . you can also search near a city , place , or address instead .\nclick safari in the menu bar at the top of the screen , then preferences .\nunder website use of location services , click prompt for each website once each day or prompt for each website one time only .\nmacos may now prompt you to enable location services . if it does , follow its instructions to enable location services for safari .\nclose the privacy menu and refresh the page . try using current location search again . if it works , great ! if not , read on for more instructions .\nback in the privacy dialog , click manage website data . . . and type urltoken into the search bar .\nyou ' re good to go ! close the settings tab , reload this yelp page , and try your search again .\nif you ' re still having trouble , check out safari ' s support page . you can also search near a city , place , or address instead .\nat the top of your firefox window , to the left of the web address , you should see a green lock . click it .\nin the window that pops up , you should see blocked or blocked temporarily next to access your location . click the x next to this line .\nyou ' re good to go ! refresh this yelp page and try your search again .\nif you ' re still having trouble , check out firefox ' s support page . you can also search near a city , place , or address instead .\nclick the gear in the upper - right hand corner of the window , then internet options .\nuncheck the box labeled never allow websites to request your physical location if it ' s already checked .\nyou ' re good to go ! click ok , then refresh this yelp page and try your search again .\nat the top - right hand corner of the window , click the button with three dots on it , then settings .\nclick show more , then make sure only the box labeled location permissions is checked .\noops ! we don ' t recognize the web browser you ' re currently using . try checking the browser ' s help menu , or searching the web for instructions to turn on html5 geolocation for your browser . you can also search near a city , place , or address instead .\nsomething broke and we ' re not sure what . try again later , or search near a city , place , or address instead .\nwe couldn ' t find you quickly enough ! try again later , or search near a city , place , or address instead .\nwe couldn ' t find an accurate position . if you ' re using a laptop or tablet , try moving it somewhere else and give it another go . or , search near a city , place , or address instead .\nclaim this business to view business statistics , receive messages from prospective customers , and respond to reviews .\nrespond to reviews and customer messages . claiming is free , and only takes a minute .\nwe calculate the overall star rating using only reviews that our automated software currently recommends ."]}
{"id": 1748, "summary": [{"text": "hilarographa youngiella is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , including washington and vancouver island .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the forewings are brown with many fine white lines and prominent black spots at the anal angle .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are brown . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "hilarographa youngiella", "paragraphs": ["hilarographa zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 187\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nclick on the thumbnail image to view the details and photo for a specific specimen .\nunless noted , all images on these pages are copyright \u00a9 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .\nclick on the moth icon to view the details and photo for a specific specimen .\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nthe superfamily tortricoidea currently includes only one family , the tortricidae . there are close to 9000 species worldwide , and over 1200 occur in the united states . the tortricoidea are most closely related to the cossoidea ( common 1990 ) , although to what extent is not certain .\nthe tortricidae includes three subfamilies , the tortricinae , the olethreutinae , and the chlidanotinae . general characteristics of the adult are as follows :\nthe antennae are less than 2 / 3rds the length of the forewing ( or slightly more than half the length of the forewing ) .\nlabial palpi are rough - scaled and usually porrect , the third ( or apical ) segment is shorter than the second and usually horizontal .\nthe base of the forewing in many males has a costal fold which contains an expandable hair pencil of scent scales .\nmany olethreutinae and some tortricinae have a pecten of hairs present near the base of cu2 on the hindwing ( see wing illustrations below ) .\nin the male , the frenulum is a single bristle which hooks beneath sc on the forewing .\nin the female , the frenulum consists of three finer bristles which hook on a raised gropu of scales beneath cu2 on the forewing .\nthe following diagrams illustrate the venation of a\ntypical\nmoth from the family tortricidae ; both of these examples are from the subfamily olethreutinae . ( illustrations adapted from heinrich , 1923 , following the nomenclature of borror et al . , 1989 . )\nthe subfamily tortricinae contains 11 tribes ( scoble 1992 ) , and its members are more widely distributed in the southern hemisphere . this is the tortricid subfamily with the least specialized male genitalia , which is a characteristic of the group , as listed below . two characteristics of the tortricinae ( from scoble 1992 ) are :\nthe juxta and the aedeagus are usually articulated rather than fused in the male genitalia .\nthe subfamily tortricinae contains 6 tribes ( scoble 1992 ) , and its members are more widely distributed in the northern hemisphere . this is the largest of the three tortricid subfamilies , containing at least 3 / 4 of all tortricid species ( miller 1987 ) . two characteristics of the olethreutinae ( from scoble 1992 ) are :\nin the male genitalia , the aedeagus is fused with the anellus and juxta .\nthere is an\nexcavation\nat the base of the valva in the male genitalia .\nthere is a deep , dorso - longitudinal invagination of each of the valvae in the male genitalia .\nunless noted , all images on these pages are copyright \u00a9 2007 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author ."]}
{"id": 1753, "summary": [{"text": "eois roseocincta is a moth in the family geometridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in guyana .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 17 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are pale yellow , slightly deeper yellow along the costa and hind margin .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are many oblique rosy streaks on the costa .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings have a rosy submarginal band , a faint cell spot and a rosy outer line . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "eois roseocincta", "paragraphs": ["scopula roseocincta is a moth of the family geometridae . it is found in south africa and tanzania . [ 2 ]\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\nwarren w . 1899a . new species and genera of the families drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epiplemidae , and geometridae from the old - world regions . - novitates zoologicae 6 ( 1 ) : 1\u201466 .\npinhey e . c . g . 1975 . moths of southern africa . descriptions and colour illustrations of 1183 species . - \u2014 : i\u2014iv , 1\u2014273 , pls . 1\u201463 .\njanse a . j . t . 1933\u20141935 . the moths of south africa . volume ii . geometridae ( concluded ) . - \u2014 2 ( 1 ) : 1\u2014448 , pls . 1\u201415 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthe source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .\nwould you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .\nit will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .\ni use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .\nof perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .\nde prins , j . & de prins , w . ( 2017 ) .\nthis page was last edited on 3 may 2018 , at 20 : 20 .\nbasis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .\nsorry , preview is currently unavailable . you can download the paper by clicking the button above .\nenter the email address you signed up with and we ' ll email you a reset link .\ngithub is home to over 28 million developers working together to host and review code , manage projects , and build software together .\nyou signed in with another tab or window . reload to refresh your session .\nyou signed out in another tab or window . reload to refresh your session ."]}
{"id": 1756, "summary": [{"text": "scrobipalpula caustonae is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by landry in 2010 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found on the galapagos islands .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is 3.5 \u2013 4 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are creamy white with a diffuse pattern of brown , mostly tinged orange lightly , with darker brown patches sub - and postmedially along the midline .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are white . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "scrobipalpula caustonae", "paragraphs": ["scrobipalpula caustonae landry , 2010 ; revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 728 , 699 ( list , as symmetrichema caustonae ) ; tl : galapagos , florana , punta cormoran\nscrobipalpula artemisiella , the thyme moth , is a moth in the gelechiidae family .\nscrobipalpula diffluella , the essex groundling , is a moth of the gelechiidae family .\nscrobipalpula manierreorum priest , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 116 ; tl : michigan , marquette co .\nscrobipalpula inornata landry , 2010 ; revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 723 , 699 ( list ) ; tl : galapagos , espa\u00f1ola , bahia , manzanillo\nscrobipalpula antiochia powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 ; holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 17 ; tl : california , contra costa co . , antioch dunes national wildlife refuge\nscrobipalpula gutierreziae powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 ; holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 17 ; tl : california , antioch nat . wildlife refuge , contra costa co .\nscrobipalpula equatoriella landry , 2010 ; revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 726 , 699 ( list ) ; tl : galapagos , santa cr\u00faz , est . cient . charles darwin\nscrobipalpula ramosella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 40 ; [ me6 ] , 197 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nscrobipalpula diffluella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 55 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 199 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nscrobipalpula tussilaginis ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 60 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 201 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nscrobipalpula densata ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 722 , 699 ( list )\nscrobipalpula potentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2020 ; [ nhm card ] ; powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 26\nscrobipalpula ( gnorimoschemini ) ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 26 ; [ me6 ] , 194 , 31 ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 722 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]\nscrobipalpula psilella ; povoln\u00fd , 1964 , acta soc . ent . cechoslov . 61 : 341 ; povoln\u00fd , 1969 , acta ent . bohemoslov . 66 : 379 ; povoln\u00fd , 1976 , acta ent . bohemoslov . 73 ( 1 ) : 49 ; povoln\u00fd , 1977 , acta ent . bohemoslov . 74 ( 3 ) : 197 ; povoln\u00fd , 1977 , acta ent . bohemoslov . 74 ( 5 ) : 335 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 43 , 40 ; povoln\u00fd , 1998 , : 340 ; powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 16 ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 109 ; [ me6 ] , 195 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 26 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]\n= ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 26 ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 722\nlarva on senecio douglasii powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 17\nlarva on artemisia canadensis kearfott , 1903 , j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 161\nphthorimaea crustaria meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 42 ; tl : peru , lima\ngelechia ( doryphora ? ) daturae zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 359\nswitzerland , austria , germany , norway , finland , latvia , s . urals . see [ maps ]\n= ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 55 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 199 , 31\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 55 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 199 , 31\nlarva on erigeron sp . , homogyne alpina , aster alpinus , bellidiastrum michelii , erigeron politus huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 59 , erigeron acer , e . acer politus [ me6 ] , 200\naristotelia ephoria meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 36 ; tl : peru , matucana , 7780ft\ngnorimoschema erigeronella braun , 1921 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 73 : 7 ; tl : glacier park station\nphthorimaea gregalis meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 43 ; tl : peru , lima\ngregariella ( zeller , 1877 ) ( lita ) ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 339 , pl . 4 , f . 109\nlarva on gutierrezia californica powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 17\ngnorimoschema hemilitha clarke , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3508 ) : 81 ; tl : masatierra , bahia cumberland\nephysteris hodgesi povoln\u00fd , 1967 ; acta ent . mus . natn . pragae 37 : 119 ; tl : arizona , coconino co . , fort valley , 7 . 5mi nw flagstaff\nisochlora ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( phthorimaea ) ; j . linn . soc . lond . ( zool . ) 37 : 280\ngnorimoschema lutescella clarke , 1934 ; can . ent . 66 : 172 , pl . 9 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : washington , pullman\nscrobipalpulopsis lycii powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 ; holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 15 ; tl : california , san clemente is . , west cove , los angeles co .\nalberta , british columbia , manitoba , michigan , ontario , quebec . see [ maps ]\nlarva on eurybia ( aster ) macrophylla adamski , landry , nazari & priest , 2014 , j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 122\ngnorimoschema melanolepis clarke , 1965 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 117 ( 3508 ) : 83 ; tl : masafuera , quebrada de las casas\nphthorimaea ochroschista meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 494 ; tl : texas , alpine and fort davis , 5000ft\nparachiquitella povoln\u00fd , 1968 ; acta sci . nat . brno 2 ( 3 ) : 16\ngelechia physaliella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 9 ) : 173 ; tl : kentucky\nphthorimaea polemoniella braun , 1925 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 51 ( 1 ) : 13 ; tl : brown co . , ohio\nlarva on polemonium reptans braun , 1925 , trans . am . ent . soc . 51 ( 1 ) : 14\ngnorimoschema potentella keifer , 1936 ; calif . dept . agric . , bull . 25 : 238\nlarva on horkelia californica powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 16\neu , naf , russia , mongolia , afghanistan , china ( jilin ) , . . . , nepal , japan . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 43 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 195 , 31\n= ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 43 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 195 , 31\n= ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 40 ; [ me6 ] , 195 , 31\nlarva on artemisia campestris , a . maritima , a . vulgaris , helichrysum arenarium , aster amellus huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 50 , chrysanthemum , centaurea scabiosa , aster tripolium , a . amellus , erigeron acer [ me6 ] , 196 , anaphalis , gnaphalium powell & povoln\u00fd , 2001 , holarctic lepidoptera 8 ( suppl . 1 ) : 16\ngnorimoschema radiatella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 758 ; tl : pullman , washington\nlita ramosella m\u00fcller - rutz , 1934 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 16 ( 2 ) : 120\nlarva on erigeron sp . , centaurea pindicola , achillea holosericea huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 53 , artemisia umbelliformis [ me6 ] , 198\nphthorimaea sacculicola braun , 1925 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 51 ( 1 ) : 13 ; tl : cincinnati , ohio\ngnorimoschema semirosea meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 492 ; tl : texas , forestburg and alpine , 5000ft\nphthorimaea stirodes meyrick , 1931 ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 385\nphthorimaea trichinaspis meyrick , 1917 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 ( 1 ) : 41 ; tl : peru , lima\nengland , france , netherlands , germany , switzerland , austria , poland , italy , hungary , greece , turkey . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 60 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 201 , 31 ; [ fe ]\n= ; huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 60 , 40 ; [ me6 ] , 201 , 31\nlarva on tussilago farfara , petasites huemer & karsholt , 1998 , nota lepid . 21 ( 1 ) : 62\nlita pygmaeella heinemann , 1870 ; schmett . dtl . schweitz ( 2 ) 2 ( 1 ) : 259\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\ncontribution \u00e0 l ' \u00e9tude des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res du nord de l ' afrique ( suite ) . description et \u00e9thologie de trois esp\u00e8ces nouvelles [ lep . gelechidae ]\ndie schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nthe checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .\nthese documents have a structure that includes a list of the authors , a description of the taxonomic group or subject , and a list of the species that are part of the list .\nthe checklists aren ' t updated regularly , since they require revisions from groups of authors before their publication .\na complete set of a checklist include a pdf document and a table in csv format .\ngustavo jim\u00e9nez - uzc\u00e1tegui , david a . wiedenfeld , f . hern\u00e1n vargas , howard l . snell .\nnathalia tirado - sanchez , john mccosker , diego ruiz , angel chiriboga , stuart banks .\nyves finet , nathalia tirado - sanchez , angel chiriboga , diego ruiz , stuart banks .\nfrank bungartz , frauke ziemmeck , alba y\u00e1nez ayabaca , fredy nugra , andr\u00e9 aptroot .\nanne gu\u00e9zou , susana chamorro , paola pozo , ana mireya guerrero , rachel atkinson , chris buddenhagen , patricia jaramillo d\u00edaz , mark gardener .\ngustavo jim\u00e9nez - uzc\u00e1tegui , javier zabala , brian milstead , howard l . snell .\nto get up - to - date information about our work , please subscribe to our e - newsletter or follow us on our social media platforms .\nevery single donation we receive , no matter how small , counts as we are completely dependent on the generosity of others to carry out our scientific projects . we need your passion , loyalty and continual support .\nthe \u201ccharles darwin foundation for the galapagos islands\u201d , in french \u201cfondation charles darwin pour les \u00eeles galapagos\u201d , association international sans but lucratif ( \u201caisbl\u201d ) , has its registered office located at dr\u00e8ve du pieur\u00e9 19 , 1160 brussels , and is registered under the trade registry of brussels under the number 0409 . 359 . 103 .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1758, "summary": [{"text": "amiantofusus candoris is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "amiantofusus candoris", "paragraphs": ["fraussen k . , kantor y . & hadorn r . 2007 . amiantofusus gen . nov . for fusus amiantus dall , 1889 ( mollusca : gastropoda : fasciolariidae ) with description of a new and extensive indo - west pacific radiation . novapex 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 79 - 101 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nafter more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .\nlast week - on may 30 and 31st \u2013 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .\non 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .\nthe 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to fran\u00e7ois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .\nin 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .\nthe scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .\nfraussen , kantor & hadorn , 2007 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 456364 on 2018 - 07 - 09\npanama horse conch - triplofusus princeps ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) - classifications - encyclopedia of life\nscientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nif you do not have an account yet , you can register here first .\nenter your email address and we will send you an email with your username and password .\ne - mail conchbooks office if you do not receive your email with your username and password ."]}
{"id": 1767, "summary": [{"text": "the mud catshark or brown catshark , bythaelurus lutarius , is a species of catshark in the scyliorhinidae family .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "it is found in mozambique and somalia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "its natural habitat is the open seas of the western indian ocean , from mozambique to somalia , between latitudes 13 \u00b0 n and 29 \u00b0 s , at depths between 340 and 765 m .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "it can grow up to 34 centimetres ( 13 in ) long . ", "topic": 0}], "title": "bythaelurus lutarius", "paragraphs": ["froese , rainer and pauly , daniel , eds . ( 2006 ) .\nhalaelurus lutarius\nin fishbase . july 2006 version .\njustification : bythaelurus lutarius is a deepwater catshark endemic to east africa , apparently patchily distributed from somalia and mozambique . it may be taken as bycatch , although its depth range ( 338 to 766 m ) and small size does not make it susceptible to significant fisheries pressure . there are no population estimates and life history data are limited , although it has a potential low fecundity . further information is required and the situation should be re - assessed as deepwater fisheries expand in the region .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\na deepwater tropical catshark of the continental slope occurring on or just above bottom on mud substrates at 338 to 766 m ( compagno et al . 1989 ) . apparently ovoviviparous . matures at 31 to 34 cm tl ( male ) and 31 to 39 cm tl ( female ) , size at birth 10 cm tl . feeds on cephalopods , small bony fishes and crustaceans ( bass et al . 1975 ) .\nmay be taken as bycatch in trawl fisheries . no details available , but due to its depth range , it is likely to be caught on an irregular basis . the situation should be re - assessed as deepwater fisheries expand in the region .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nenglish - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers\nspringer , s . & d ' aubrey , j . d . ( 1972 )\ntwo new scyliorhinid sharks from the east coast of africa , with notes on related species .\n( springer & d ' aubrey , 1972 ) : in : database of modern sharks , rays and chimaeras , www . shark - references . com , world wide web electronic publication , version 07 / 2018\n. dull grey - brown , paler ventrally , with few poorly defined dorsal saddles that may be visible ( ref .\n) . found on the continental slope on or just above muddy substrates . feeds on cephalopods , small bony fishes , and crustaceans\nhost - parasite list / parasite - host list ( version : 01 . 04 . 2015 ) 544 pp , 5 , 37 mb new !\nlife > eukaryotes > opisthokonta > metazoa ( animals ) > bilateria > deuterostomia > chordata > craniata > vertebrata ( vertebrates ) > gnathostomata ( jawed vertebrates ) > . chondrichthyes > elasmobranchii > galeomorphii > carcharhiniformes > scyliorhinidae\na slender , plain brown dwarf catshark with a moderately long snout , short labial furrows , and no crest of enlarged denticles on caudal fin .\nupper slope in tropics , on or just above mud substrate at 338 to 766 m .\nbears 2 young . feeds on cephalopods , small bony fish , and crustaceans .\ntext by leonard j . v . compagno , david a . ebert and malcolm j . smale\nhtml public ' / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en ' ' urltoken '\nthis page was last modified on 27 june 2014 , at 08 : 29 .\nthis article ' s content derived from wikipedia , the free encyclopedia ( see original source ) ."]}
{"id": 1769, "summary": [{"text": "thaumatopsis magnificus is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by fernald in 1891 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from new mexico , arizona and colorado .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 25 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are dull yellow with white stripes .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are uniform white .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing in june and july . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "thaumatopsis magnificus", "paragraphs": ["photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nt . bolterellus forewing has dark gray lines between white stripes ; t . fernaldella and t . floridalis forewings have only one white stripe edged with black scales ; loxocrambus awemensis forewing has thin white lines , not thick stripes ( compare images of these and related species at mpg here and here )\ndistribution and dates ( frank haimbach , academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , archive . org )\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nthis article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department ."]}
{"id": 1772, "summary": [{"text": "stomopteryx gaesata is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by meyrick in 1913 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in the taurus mountains in asia minor .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it has also been recorded from india .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 27 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are pale whitish-ochreous with the basal third of the costal edge dark fuscous .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the veins are tinged with brownish , on the posterior half of the wing marked with lines of scattered dark fuscous scales , towards the apex and upper part of the termen enlarged and connected by some suffused dark fuscous irroration .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a strong black streak along the fold from near the base to near the middle of the wing , and one in the disc from above the apex of this to three-fourths , these representing the stigmata .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "stomopteryx gaesata", "paragraphs": ["stomopteryx mongolica piskunov , 1975 ; ( ? preocc . stomopteryx mongolica povoln\u00fd , 1975 )\ninotica gaesata meyrick , 1913 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 3 ) : 66 ; tl : asia minor , taurus mts\nstomopteryx difficilis janse , 1951 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 3 ) : 247\nstomopteryx flavipalpella j\u00e4ckh , 1959 ; boll . soc . ent . ital . 89 : 85\nstomopteryx ochrosema meyrick , 1932 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 80 : 131\nstomopteryx officiosa janse , 1951 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 3 ) : 250\nstomopteryx pallidipes janse , 1951 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 3 ) : 252\nstomopteryx trachyphylla janse , 1960 ; moths s . afr . 6 ( 2 ) : 223\nstomopteryx ( stomopteryx ) mongolica povoln\u00fd , 1975 ; ann . hist . - nat . mus . nat . hung . 67 : 177 ; tl : ch\u00f6vsg\u00f6l aimak , 4km nw m\u00f6r\u00f6n , 1500m\nstomopteryx nugatricella rebel , 1893 ; stettin ent . ztg 54 ( 1 - 3 ) : 50\nstomopteryx hungaricella gozm\u00e1ny , 1957 ; acta zool . hung . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 111\nstomopteryx maledicta meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 162 ; tl : java , pekalongan\nstomopteryx prolapsa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 137 ; tl : ceylon , puttalam\nstomopteryx rastrifera meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 137 ; tl : ceylon , puttalam\nstomopteryx neftensis ; karsholt & rutten , 2005 , tijdschr . ent . 148 ( 1 ) : 80 ( note )\nstomopteryx subnigricella ; karsholt & rutten , 2005 , tijdschr . ent . 148 ( 1 ) : 80 ( note )\nstomopteryx bathrarcha meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 76 ; tl : rhodesia , sawmills\nstomopteryx kermella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 328 ; tl : a\u00efn - kerma ( constantine )\nstomopteryx quadripunctella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 327 ; tl : a\u00efn - sefra ( oran )\nstomopteryx basalis ; [ nhm card ] ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]\nstomopteryx flavoclavella zerny , 1935 ; m\u00e9m . soc . sci . nat . maroc . 42 : 139 , pl . 2 , f . 21\nstomopteryx nigricella ; [ nhm card ] ; karsholt & rutten , 2005 , tijdschr . ent . 148 ( 1 ) : 80 ( note )\nstomopteryx orthogonella ; [ nhm card ] ; bidzilya & karsholt , 2013 , nota lepid . 36 ( 1 ) : 78 ; [ fe ]\nstomopteryx frivola meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 330 ; tl : cape province , sneeuw kop , wellington , 5000ft\nstomopteryx phaeopa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 136 ; tl : peru , oroya ( 12200ft ) , huancayao ( 10650ft )\nstomopteryx praecipitata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 137 ; tl : kanara , kumbarvada ; bombay , belgaum ; bengal , pusa\nstomopteryx biangulata meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : british s . e . africa , bela vista\nstomopteryx radicalis falkovitsh & bidzilya , 2003 ; proc . zool . mus . kiev nat . taras shevchenko univ . 1 ( 1 ) : ( 113 - 147 )\nstomopteryx gaesata ( meyrick ) , little known species in van and bitlis provinces ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) . cesa news 104 : 1 - 4 , 5 figs . faunistical notes on the species of stizus latreille in south and east turkey ( hymenoptera , crabronidae ) . cesa news 104 : 5 - 7 , 4 figs . announcement of an unethical statement in the orthopterology . cesa news 104 : 8 , 2 figs . a preliminary list of the pterygota of mus province , based upon the info - system of the cesa ( east turkey ) . cesa news 104 : 9 - 69 , 1 fig . , 18 . . .\nparapsectris anxia meyrick , 1917 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 1 ) : 4 ; tl : cape colony , prince albert\nargodoris ( meyrick , 1936 ) ( gelechia ) ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 43\nanacampsis bivittella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 324 ; tl : gafsa ; tunisia\naristotelia bolschewickiella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 109\nanacampsis circaea meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 67 ; tl : haenertsburg\nanacampsis cirrhocoma meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 193 ; tl : [ s . africa , ] new hanover\nleuronoma credula meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 11 ) : 343 ; tl : s . rhodesia , shangani\nacraeologa delotypa janse , 1963 ; moths s . afr . 6 ( 3 ) : 255 ; tl : transvaal\nacraeologa descarpentriesella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 223\nlarva on deverra scoparia walsingham , 1905 , ent . mon . mag . 41 : 124\ndiscolorella turati , 1924 ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 63 : 164 , pl . 6 , f . 7\ngelechia elachistella stainton , 1859 ; ann . mag . nat . hist ( 3 ) 3 : 213 ; tl :\nnorthern dezerta\nanacampsis elaeocoma meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 19 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria\nleuronoma eremopis meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 67 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria\nfalkovitshi piskunov , 1987 ; zool . zh . 65 ( 1 ) : 149\nanacampsis geryella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 323 ; tl : g\u00e9ryville , oran\nacraeologa grandidierella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 222\nunipunctella turati , 1924 ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 63 : 166 , pl . 6 , f . 10\nlita lineolella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 584\ngelechia luticoma meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 489 ; tl : bombay , kaira\nmaculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( deuterotinea ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 258\nanacampsis maraschella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 107 ; tl : marasch\nsymmoca multilineatella lucas , 1932 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 37 : 168 ; tl : a\u00efn - leuch\nbryotropha nigricella chr\u00e9tien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 316 ; tl : biskra\nanacampsis oncodes meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 285 ; tl : three sisters\ngelechia orthogonella staudinger , 1871 ; berl . ent . z . 14 ( 3 / 4 ) : 307\nplurivittella ( turati , 1930 ) ( kahelia ) ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 69 : 81\nyunusemrei ko\u00e7ak , 1986 ; priamus 4 ( 1 - 2 ) : 58 ( repl . gelechia submissella frey , 1880 )\ntelphusa schizogynae walsingham , [ 1908 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1907 : 936 , pl . 51 , f . 12 ; tl : tenerife , puerto orotava\nlarva on ( in stem galls ) schizogyne sericea walsingham , [ 1908 ] , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1907 : 936\nsphenodoxa meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 63\nanacampsis splendens staudinger , 1881 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 16 : 90\nbryotropha subnigricella dufrane , 1955 ; mem . soc . ent . belg . 27 : 191\nsymplegadopa meyrick , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 158 [ ? ]\ntenuisignella turati , 1924 ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 63 : 164 , pl . 6 , f . 8\ntesserapunctella ( amsel , 1935 ) ( gelechia ) ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 20 ( 2 ) : 300\nanacampsis thoracica meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 67 ; tl : haenertsburg\nacraeologa xanthobasalis janse , 1963 ; moths s . afr . 6 ( 3 ) : 255 ; tl : transvaal\nacraeologa xerochroa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 66 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria\nzanoni turati , 1922 ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 61 : 175\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\ndie schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nnotes on lepidoptera collected in madeira by t . v . wollaston , esq . ; with descriptions of some new species\nzerny , 1935 ; zerny , 1936 die lepidopterenfauna des grossen atlas in marokko und seiner randgebiete m\u00e9m . soc . sci . nat . maroc . 42 : 1 - 163 , pl . 1 - 2\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nif you know the species , please , click on the picture and write the species name in comments section . also , you can go to the gallery page with all photos of anacampsini sp . ( large size ) .\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\npreliminary list of the lepidoptera of posof district ( ardahan province , ne turkey ) . cesa news 156 :\nshort notes on the vernal lepidoptera fauna of beyba\u011f\u0131 near darende ( malatya province , east turkey ) .\nobservations and notes on hymenoptera and coleoptera of bah\u00e7esaray district ( van province , east turkey ) .\nobservations and notes on planipennia , mecoptera and odonata of bah\u00e7esaray district ( van province , east turkey ) .\non the moths of mutki district ( bitlis province , east turkey ( lepidoptera ) .\npreliminary list of the moths recorded from erek mountain ( van province , east turkey ) .\n, a new species for the fauna of turkey ( lepidoptera , noctuidae ) .\nobservations and faunistic notes on some diptera of bah\u00e7esaray district ( van province , east turkey ) .\nobservations and faunistic notes on some hemiptera and homoptera of bah\u00e7esaray district ( van province , east turkey ) .\non the vernal lepidoptera fauna of nizip - birecik districts \u0096 euphrates region in south turkey .\nfirst list of the scientific names referring to the geographical entities based upon the info - system of the cesa ii . lepidoptera .\nfaunistic records of depressariidae ( lepidoptera , gelechioidea ) from turkey - a result of studies for \u0084microlepidoptera of europe : depressariinae\u0093 .\nsome vernal lepidoptera of se turkey , faunistical results of a short trip made in 2017 with some taxonomic and bionomic notes .\nnew and little known pyraloidea of turkey , with some faunistical notes ( lepidoptera ) .\nthe updated check list of dolichopodidae of morocco ( diptera ) . cesa news 128 : 1 - 8 .\nsecond contribution to the knowledge of the pterygota fauna of bah\u00e7esaray ( van province , east turkey ) .\nannotated list of the pterygota fauna of artos mountain ( van province , east turkey ) .\non the entomofauna of the eastern slopes of alacabuk mountain ( gevas district , van province , east turkey ) .\nnew and little known tortricidae for the fauna of east turkey ( lepidoptera ) .\ninterpretative notes on the species of the genus ennomos treitschke in turkey ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) .\nnew faunistical records of stygia mosulensis daniel in turkey and nomenclatural comment on the subfamily stygiinae ( lepidoptera , cossidae ) .\nwinter aspects of some classical localities of the lepidoptera between van and ankara ( turkey ) , with faunal lists based upon the info - system of the cesa .\n, notes on two species of geometridae from hatay province ( s . turkey ) ( lepidoptera ) .\nfirst list of the scientific names referring to the geographical entities based upon the info - system of the cesa i .\n( led . ) in south turkey ( lepidoptera , gelechioidea ) . cesa news 106 : 5 - 12 , 10 figs . 1 map .\npreliminary list of the pterygota of mu\u015f province , based upon the info - system of the cesa ( east turkey ) .\nnotes on platycleis ( squamiana ) irritans ramme in van province ( east turkey ) ( orthoptera , tettigoniidae ) . cesa news 102 : 1 - 4 , 8 figs .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : fc65455a - d6f1 - 483b - b0b9 - 9132d9509975\nfauna of the family dolichopodidae ( diptera ) of the vorona river basin . cesa news 102 : 5 - 12 .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 8aa65b0b - aced - 43f5 - 94b8 - 34b27c927495\nof hatay province ( s . turkey ) , based upon the info - system of the cesa .\nhampson , 1896 \u0096 a new genus and species for the palaearctic fauna ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . cesa news 101 : 1 - 6 , 5 figs .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 0cf4e7a6 - 03ca - 4cb2 - ae03 - dadba388b2e9\n, an annotated list of the sarcophaginae ( sarcophagidae ) recorded in ukraine ( diptera ) . cesa news 101 : 7 - 81 .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 1a83780d - 37a9 - 4bef - 9e50 - 4d8c9d6a26ea\nshort entomo - faunistical visit to bey da\u011f\u0131 natural park , malatya province ( east turkey ) .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : a826e635 - 79c1 - 4320 - 8894 - 5a7cc116ddbc\ntogether with the recorded pterygots , based upon the info - system of the cesa .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 35e196f4 - 5696 - 445b - 800d - 73afdc64c44d\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : f1f3956d - 56bf - 42be - 9b2b - 8a4a2301731d\nplanned faunistical survey on the lepidoptera of erci\u015f district ( van province , east turkey ) .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : f9e880c0 - 524c - 4915 - 878f - d9fb86c39e03\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 7f18e360 - e697 - 4f93 - a4eb - 9111315ef6ca\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : a0fe9c6e - fcf1 - 44c9 - 98a6 - 980837aa220b\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 96c04d90 - 77d1 - 4c6d - 9179 - b5fad3a9fa08\nresults of the two entomological trips in summer around van lake ( east turkey ) .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 49c4031a - 07a4 - 44aa - b3a0 - 7ba8fc41b024\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 0d3e96a2 - 659b - 4c53 - b79b - 609d22c1bcda\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 77d11419 - 6b20 - 423d - b807 - cd13a4d823a2\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 6f16c9dd - 208f - 42c9 - 87d5 - 39dd607d947a\nof van lake basin ( east turkey ) i . on the species of the hemiptera of artos mountain .\nresults of the late summer entomological trip from van to ankara in 2013 ( insecta , pterygota ) .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 74ab0027 - bed2 - 4403 - ad0a - b2b831ee998d\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 429907e5 - cb6a - 4a91 - 895f - f1532e56290d\n) in van province ( east turkey ) with faunistical , ecological and taxonomical notes including accompanied species .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 6793f0bc - 5b72 - 4536 - 9429 - 9be4ee8ae9e9\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 35e8dc48 - 58e0 - 47af - 94ba - 6eee2cc73694\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 7fd42315 - 8674 - 4699 - bcaf - aa63bc4cb6bc\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : c798f0e2 - 2e63 - 470d - a43b - da2f6ed2eaf0\nre - description of male and first record of syntormon filiger verrall from mongolia ( diptera , dolichopodidae ) . cesa news 90 : 18 - 21 , 6 figs .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : a434ed1a - 4be8 - 4a8a - b47a - 5957a5de478c\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 687d12a4 - e09a - 483c - 890a - 983b6580cea8\nmongolia ( dolichopodidae , diptera ) . cesa news 89 : 3 - 6 , 5 figs .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : b0ac1107 - cd2b - 4e27 - 873e - a2ce8ea4268e\nin the palaearctic region and a new synonym ( diptera : dolichopodidae ) . cesa news 89 : 6 - 8 , figs .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : aad625c4 - a5d0 - 4975 - a9fc - ee186d76ce0d\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 34a5db12 - bd86 - 407b - b30f - d8c42b386092\nregrettable case for the lepidopterology caused by a dipterist \u0096 a report on an article , published in an university journal in turkey .\non two hibernating beetle species in van province ( east turkey ) ( coleoptera , malachiidae , elateridae ) .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : ad4d4534 - f906 - 403d - 80c5 - 790b17867a6c\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : d7a5e6f0 - f843 - 4ede - a34f - 1901b77a0ddc\non the dolichopodidae fauna of sierra leone ( diptera ) . cesa news 84 : 1 - 11 , 26 figs .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : b52deaf6 - 34f1 - 4515 - 86f4 - c2a39d6ed9a3\nrevised list of the scientific names referring to the persons based upon the info - system of the cesa 1 - lepidoptera .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 61133ca2 - 95de - 4125 - b41a - f8811682a160\n( f . ) in van province of east turkey ( crabronidae , hymenoptera ) .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : e7795a2c - e924 - 4162 - aa34 - bcc146dc5e9c\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 8b73299b - 2c5c - 49f0 - bca1 - 8969030253df\nnumber of the species of the lepidoptera fauna of the selected countries with sample lists of some classical localities in the old world .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : c3732dd8 - d448 - 4aa5 - 9b70 - 47cba54fb3bc\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 8937c6bd - 6157 - 49c0 - a355 - 3162b0f07fee\n, 2012 , nomenclatural correction in the family pentatomidae ( hemiptera ) . cesa news 82 : 14 .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 9740ddf6 - 2c77 - 4505 - 8378 - a7b541c438af\nlist of two thousand species of pterygot insects in van province ( east turkey ) ( results of the entomofauna project of turkey \u0096 7 ) .\nsynonymical and distributional checklist of african lepidoptera published recently in cent . ent . stud . , memoirs 5 : 1 -\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 90ab5b0a - 7f6e - 442e - be7d - 0a863eaab90a\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : c6f9646c - 955f - 406e - 9620 - a7f1f42ec1a2\na new species and subgenus of the lasiocampidae for the fauna of turkey ( lepidoptera ) . cesa news 76 :\noccurrence of stiphrometasia monialis in northern pakistan ( lepidoptera , pyralidae ) . cesa news 76 : 2 - 4 , 2 figs\ndescription of female and new records of shamshevia hoanibensis grichanov from namibia ( diptera , dolichopodidae ) - cesa news 75 : 6 - 7 , 2 figs .\ninsect life in turkey at night . i - upper dez valley , hakkari province , se turkey ( lepidoptera ) .\n2011 , notes on the insecta in the collection of the cesa lepidoptera of turkey - iii . cesa news 68 : 1 - 17 , 21 figs .\n2011 , notes on the insecta in the collection of the cesa lepidoptera of turkey - ii . cesa news 67 : 1 - 26 .\n2011 , notes on the insecta in the collection of the cesa lepidoptera of turkey - i . cesa news 66 : 1 - 37 .\n2011 , editorial letter about cesa activities and the van earthquake on 23 october 2011 .\n2011 , amorphoscelis pantherina roy ( amorphoscelidae , mantodea ) : new family , genus and species to the fauna of turkey . cesa news 63 : 8\u00969 , 2 figs .\non the nocturnal spring moths of kulp district ( diyarbak\u0131r prov . , se turkey ) ( lepidoptera ) .\n2011 , caryedon angeri ( semenov ) , new to siirt province ( s . e . turkey ) feeding on mesquit , prosopis farcta ( b . & s . ) macbride ( coleoptera , bruchidae ) . cesa news 63 : 20\u009625 , 9 figs .\nspring aspect of the pterygot insect fauna of mutki ( bitlis province , south east turkey ) .\nmiscellaneous notes on the pterygot insects of kato mountains with illustrations their spring aspects ( south east turkey ) .\non the synonymy of newly proposed two replacement names in the family limoniidae ( diptera ) . cesa news 54 : 36 .\nlist of the coleopteran genera and species recorded in turkey based upon the info - system of the cesa .\nlist of the hymenopteran genera and species recorded in turkey based upon the info - system of the cesa .\nrevised list of the species of the lepidoptera carrying vernacular names in turkish language .\nlist of the dipteran genera and species recorded in turkey based upon the info - system of the cesa .\n, the neotropical mantids ( insecta : dictyoptera : mantodea ) ( ehrmann \u0096 30 . v . 2009 ) .\n. , katbeh - bader , a . , otoom , m . a . & othman , y . , 2009 ,\nresults of the entomofauna projects of the cesa 6 - list of the 11132 pterygot insect species of turkey hitherto recorded in the database of the cesa .\nreport on the \u0093entomofauna of old world\u0094 2 - index of the recorded species of the pterygot insects in the continent africa .\n: occurence of a gynandromorph butterfy in i\u0307stanbul province ( n . w . turkey ) . -\nreport on the \u0093entomofauna of turkey\u0094 5 - revised and expanded index of the species of the pterygot insects of turkey . -\naudouin & brull\u00e9 in south east turkey ( coleoptera , cicindelidae ) \u0096 cesa news 41 : 1 - 4 , 5 figs .\nreport on the \u0093entomofauna of turkey\u0094 4 - revised and expanded index of the species of the pterygot insects of turkey . -\nreport on the \u0093entomofauna of turkey\u0094 3 - revised and expanded index of the recorded genera and species of the pterygot insects of turkey .\nreport on the \u0093entomofauna of turkey\u0094 2 - index of the recorded species of the pterygot insects of turkey .\ndancing behaviours of an unknown \u0093pith moth\u0094 species in north thailand ( lepidoptera , cosmopterigidae ) .\nbrief field notes on the insecta observed in south and east turkey in late august 2008 . cesa news 30 : 1 - 17 , 27 figs .\nillustration of choreutis muhabbet ko\u00e7ak , 2008 described in miscellaneous paper nr . 142 pages 6 - 7 of the cesa . cesa news 30 : 17 , 1 fig .\non the late summer butterflies of artos mountain ( van province , east turkey ) .\nlist of the butterflies of the k\u0131rklareli province ( n . w . turkey ) .\n2008 , illustrated notes on the entomological trips to various provinces of east turkey - ii . kop da\u011f\u0131 and vauk da\u011f\u0131 ( erzurum and g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane provinces ) .\n2008 , illustrated notes on the entomological trips to various provinces of east turkey - i . tahir pass ( a\u011fr\u0131 province ) .\n2008 , notes on some rare planipennia species in east turkey ( neuroptera , myrmeleonidae , ascalaphidae , nemopteridae ) .\n2008 , list of the lepidoptera of mardin province ( south east turkey ) with some faunistical remarks .\nof kulp district with new faunal records ( diyarbak\u0131r province , east turkey ) .\nof \u015firvan with new faunal records to siirt province and turkey ( s . e . turkey ) .\nnew record of neurergus crocatus ( cope , 1862 ) in south east turkey ( salamandridae , caudata ) .\nspring aspect of the nocturnal lepidoptera fauna of \u015firvan district ( siirt province ) ( south east turkey ) .\nspring aspect of the diurnal lepidoptera fauna of \u015firvan district ( siirt province ) ( south east turkey ) .\nvan g\u00f6l\u00fc havzas\u0131nda kelebek \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi [ diversity of the butterflies in van lake basin east turkey ] .\nfirst scientific trip to the south west van lake region ( 6 - 8 march , 2008 ) .\ninformation about the scientific activities of the cesa in africa . a short note on the studies of the lepidoptera on the soutpansberg mountains ( limpopo , south africa ) .\nillustrations concerning the activities in 2005 on research and education in chiang mai university north thailand . part ii - chiang mai university campus and educational activities ( chiang mai thailand ) .\ndiversity of the lepidoptera in the world ( dlw ) , a project supported by the cesa .\nscientific note : on the early stages of princeps demoleus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) in south east turkey ( lepidoptera , papilionidae ) .\nimages from the cesa expeditions and studies within the frame of the cesa project diversity of the lepidoptera in the world ( dlw ) .\ncontributions to the hemiptera fauna of van lake basin ( east turkey ) i . on the species of the hemiptera of artos mountain . cesa news 94 : 1 - 30 , 39 figs . this paper deals with the hemipteran species of artos mount in van province . this is the first part of the hemiptera fauna of van lake basin . totally , 61 taxa of 13 families are given . families and number of their species recorded are as follows ; gerridae ( 1 ) , reduviidae ( 3 ) , tingidae ( 1 ) , nabidae ( 1 ) , miridae ( 9 ) , scutelleridae ( 5 ) , . . .\ntopics : cotton - - diseases and pests - - arizona , hemiptera - - control - - arizona , insecticides .\ncesa , a scientific consortium , independent research centre , museum , library , as well as biological station and research laboratory ( bsrl ) . cesa news presents information about the scientific activities of the cesa , including announcements , general news , expeditions , publications , visitors , seminars , workshops etc . at irregular intervals .\nvol ser . 2 : no . 103 : the harlequin cabbage bug . ( murgantia histrionica hahn . )\nchittenden , f . h . ( frank hurlbut ) , 1858 - 1929 ; united states . bureau of entomology ; united states . dept . of agriculture\ntopics : hemiptera\n,\npertin _ nce\n,\npertin - nce _ show\n,\ntechno\n, . . .\nbritish museum ( natural history ) . dept . of zoology ; dallas , w . s . ( william sweetland ) , 1824 - 1890 ; gray , john edward , 1800 - 1875\ntopics : crithidia - - growth & development , trypanosoma - - growth & development , physiology , . . .\npterygot insects of afghanistan . a tentative synonymic list of the species known in afghanistan ( results of the entomofauna of the world , based upon infosystem of the cesa ) . priamus ( suppl . ) 19 : 1 - 98 . in this study , totally 2456 species are listed in two parts . synonymous names are arranged chronologically . range of each species is given as codes . selected orders with their number of species listed in this article are as follows : mantodea ( 17 ) , orthoptera ( 94 ) , hemiptera ( 42 ) , homoptera ( 158 ) , . . .\ntopics : mantodea , orthoptera , hemiptera , homoptera , planipennia , lepidoptera , diptera , hymenoptera , . . .\nour long format series reboots with a renewed focus on live experimentation . there couldn ' t be a better way to kick this off than a fresh session from hemiptera , a duo driven to explore textural techno and visceral sound design .\ntwo live set made by hemiptera during their trip in quebec canada summer 2009 .\ntopics : hemiptera\n,\nminimal\n,\ntechno\n,\npertin - nce\n, . . .\n' ' . . . five - track hemiptera ep created entirely on hardware during our winter in the desolate red rock area of arizona . ' ' label : pertin - nce cat . number : pertin - nce _ 042 artist : hemiptera title : indisposition track listing : 1 . analysis 2 . consciousness lost 3 . exploration 4 . indisposition 5 . return sounds like : minimal , experimental , techno , house\ntopics : minimal\n,\ntechno\n,\nexperimental\n,\nhouse\n, . . .\nvol v . 22 1913 - 14 : supplementum catalogi hemipterorum bruxellensis . ii . coreidae , pyrrhocoridae , colobathristidae , neididae\ntopics : neididae , colobathristidae , pyrrhocoridae , coreidae , heteroptera , hemiptera , insecta , insect , . . .\ntopics : aerial spraying and dusting in agriculture - - arizona , cotton - - diseases and pests - - control - - arizona , . . .\nkemal , m . , celikkaya , d . , bozaci , v . & a . o . kocak , 2009 , stray notes on the insects of the vicinity izmir ( west turkey ) . cesa news 47 : 1 - 42 , 71 figs . announcement of cesa publications - abstracts of the miscellaneous papers nr . 147 - 148 . cesa news 47 : 43 - 45 . announcement of cesa publications \u00e2 documentary films published by the cesa . cesa news 47 : 45 - 46 . kocak , a . o . & m . kemal , 2009 , results of the entomofauna projects of the cesa 6 - list of the 11132 pterygot insect species of turkey . . .\ntopics : orthoptera , mantodea , hemiptera , lepidoptera , diptera , hymenoptera , coleoptera , fauna , izmir , . . .\nrg e vol ix , 85 91 . nuevas citas de asopinae de la pen . ib\u00e9rica\nresumen : se dan a conocer nuevas citas para la pen\u00ednsula ib\u00e9rica de rhacognathus punctatus ( linnaeus 1758 ) , jalla dumosa ( linnaeus 1758 ) y picromerus nigridens ( fabricius 1803 ) , especies de las que constan pocos registros ib\u00e9ricos .\ntopics : hemiptera , pentatomidae , asopinae , nuevas citas , rhacognatus punctatus , picromerus nigridens , jalla . . .\nlabel : pertin - nce catalogue number : [ pertin - nce _ 046 ] artist : emmanuel buchanan title : resort vacations track listing : 1 - a year of weirds 2 - so low 3 - 67 castles 4 - got no tatoos 5 - so low part 2 6 - a year of weirds ( hemiptera remix ) 7 - so low ( extended version ) sounds like : techno , minimal support via bandcamp : urltoken note : pertin - nce\u2019s latest release by emmanuel buchanan offers less conceptual flavor compared to its usual repertoire , and veers into more crowd . . .\nlabel : pertin _ nce cat number : pertin _ 38 artist : hemiptera release title : nola head crack track listing : 1 - blowin through 2 - ilixr 3 - crackdown 4 - pas des beignets 5 - plessytone sounds like : techno , minimal , drums drums drums , weird note : this is a ' ' pay what you want ' ' release . if you want you can show your gratitude by making a donation right here : urltoken enjoy !\ntopics : nola\n,\nhead\n,\ncrack\n,\nhemiptera\n,\npertin _ 38\n, . . .\ntopics : hemiptera , lygaeidae , lepidoptera , papilionoidea , hesperiidae , noctuidae , agrochola , fauna , . . .\ntopics : georgia , caucasus , fauna , flora , lepidoptera , diptera , hymenoptera , coleoptera , homoptera , . . .\ntopics : pertin - nce _ 022\n,\npertin - nce\n,\npertin _ nce\n,\nhemiptera\n, . . .\nobservation on a klepto - parasitic species at posof ( diptera , milichiidae ; hymenoptera , apidae ; aranea , thomisidae ) ( ne turkey ) [ in turkish ] occurence of colotis fausta in south east turkey ( lepidoptera , pieridae ) two andricus species new to bitlis province ( se turkey ) ( hymenoptera , cynipidae ) [ in turkish ] . on the genera baizongia rond . and slavum mord . in se turkey ( hemiptera , aphididae ) [ in turkish ] . reminder by the editor .\ntopics : diptera , lepidoptera , hymenoptera , hemiptera , milichiidae , pieridae , cynipidae , aphididae , . . .\na short entomo - faunistical visit to bey dagi natural park , malatya province ( east turkey ) . cesa news 100 : 1 - 16 , 28 figs . this short paper deals with the results of a short faunistical visit to newly established natural park bey dagi in malatya province , east turkey . totally , 29 taxa of 19 families and 9 pterygot orders are evaluated faunistically . nine species are reported here as new records for malatya province . most of the species are also illustrated in nature .\ntopics : lepidoptera , odonata , mantodea , orthoptera , hemiptera , homoptera , diptera , hymenoptera , coleoptera , . . .\ninitial list of the pterygota of malatya province , based upon the info - system of the cesa ( east turkey ) . cesa news 105 : 1 - 150 , 30 figs . , 58 maps .\ntopics : pterygota , odonata , plecoptera , mantodea , dermaptera , orthoptera , homoptera , hemiptera , . . .\nresults of the late summer entomological trip from van to ankara in 2013 ( insecta , pterygota ) . cesa news 93 : 1 - 37 , figs . in the provinces of kirsehir , kayseri , sivas , bingol , some diurnal species were recorded or observed in august of the following nine pterygot orders , together with the numbers of their reported families : dermaptera ( 1 ) , orthoptera ( 1 ) , hemiptera ( 5 ) , homoptera ( 2 ) , planipennia ( 1 ) , lepidoptera ( 12 ) , diptera ( 4 ) , hymenoptera ( 10 ) , coleoptera ( 4 ) . among them , totally 35 . . .\ntopics : turkey , iran , fauna , lepidoptera , orthoptera , hemiptera , homoptera , planipennia , diptera , . . .\nvan duzee , edward p . ( edward payson ) , 1861 - 1940 ; canadian arctic expedition ( 1913 - 1918 )\noriginal issued in series : report of the canadian arctic expedition , 1913 - 1918 ; v . 3 . , pt . f\ntopics : canadian arctic expedition ( 1913 - 1918 ) , canadian arctic expedition ( 1913 - 1918 ) , insects , hemiptera , . . .\ntopics : insecta , hemiptera , heteroptera , taxonomy , systematics , biodiversity , new taxa , descriptions , new . . .\nkemal , m . , bakan , b . m . yalcin , 2013 , graphosoma ( graphosomella ) inexpectatum , a new record for the fauna of turkey ( hemiptera , pentatomidae , podopinae ) . cesa news 85 : 1 - 4 , 7 figs . urn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 0cf4d7c4 - c51d - 4503 - 9521 - 775e311edd65 kemal , m . a . o . kocak , 2013 , on two hibernating beetle species in van province ( east turkey ) ( coleoptera , malachiidae , elateridae ) . cesa news 85 : 5 - 10 , 8 figs . 1 map . urn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : ad4d4534 - f906 - 403d - 80c5 - 790b17867a6c kocak , a . o . m . kemal , 2013 , a . . .\ntopics : graphosoma , graphosomella , inexpectatum , pentatomidae , hemiptera , fauna , turkey , van , malachiidae , . . .\nhemiptera offers a richly creative narrative about creation , consequence , and a reptilian bloodline into a 4 track ep , along with remixes by revy , bleupulp , & piltdown sound .\ntopics : bleepsequence , blpsq , hemiptera , piltdown sound , bleupulp , revy , techno , minimal , experimental , . . .\nspecies and subspecies new to science described by prof . j . a . quartau\nprof . j . a . quartau main research interests have been studies on patterns of variation and adaptation in selected species of insects ( hemiptera , cicadomorpha ) with a view to a better understanding of their adaptive roles and strategies , as well as of the divergence process in closely related forms , the basis of speciation . he has used a multifactor approach involving mostly systematics , ecology , acoustic behaviour and genetics . on the purely taxonomical level he has found and described 129 . . .\ntopics : insectos , insectes , insects , insecta , hemiptera , hemipteros , homopteros , homoptera , cicadomorpha , . . .\nresumen : acanthosoma haemorrhoidale ( linnaeus 1758 ) y elasmucha grisea ( linnaeus 1758 ) , dos especies ib\u00e9ricas de acanthosomatidae signoret 1864 , son citadas por primera vez para arag\u00f3n . la primera especie procedente de tarazona , provincia de zaragoza y la segunda especie de biescas , provincia de huesca .\ntopics : hemiptera , acanthosomatidae , acanthosoma haemorrhoidale , elasmucha grisea , nuevas citas , zaragoza , . . .\ntopics : insecta , hemiptera , heteroptera , reduviidae , taxonomy , biodiversity , nomenclature , taxonomic acts , . . .\nbulletin of the chicago academy of sciences , vol . 11 , no . 1\ncitation : chicago academy of sciences . ( 1959 ) . bulletin of the chicago academy of sciences 11 ( 1 ) . chicago , il : chicago academy of sciences . articles in this issue : three new species of belostoma from mexico and central america ( hemiptera : belostomatidae ) , with a list of north american species ( lauck , david r . )\ntopics : belostoma , mexico , central america , hemiptera , belostomatidae , list , water bug new species , . . .\nmuhabbet kemal , ahmet o . kocak , m . halaybeh , a . katbeh - bader\nwinter trips to south van lake and the cynipid galls on oaks ( hymenoptera , cynipidae ) . the pink hibiscus mealybug , maconellicoccus hirsutus ( green ) , a new pest on guava trees in jordan ( hemiptera , sternorrhyncha , pseudococcidae ) . announcement : new publication of the cesa .\ntopics : hymenoptera , cynipidae , fauna , ecology , turkey , van , bitlis , hemiptera , sternorrhyncha , . . .\ncat # : [ pertin\u200b - \u200bnce _ 057 ] artists : hemiptera & bleupulp - title : we like it inscrutable track listing : 1 . hemiptera - siphon 09 : 18 2 . hemiptera - on the take 08 : 22 3 . bleupulp - peut - etre des vrais 08 : 07 4 . bleupulp - alone with your phone 06 : 56 free download on : urltoken urltoken urltoken cover by yanni ehm . more music on : urltoken\ntopics : techno , house , minimal , experimental , deep , electronic , montreal , quebec , canada , weird , groovy , . . .\nurn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 8937c6bd - 6157 - 49c0 - a355 - 3162b0f07fee on the dolichopodidae fauna of crimea ( diptera ) urn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 55d93f5b - 855c - 4652 - b56a - 20300835796f nomenclatural correction in the family pentatomidae ( hemiptera ) urn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : acb51008 - aed3 - 4839 - baa6 - 2153b4d54d03 a report on the mutualism between hemidactylus ( gekkonidae ) and laternaria ( fulgoridae ) in thailand urn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 9740ddf6 - 2c77 - 4505 - 8378 - a7b541c438af on the occurence of syncopacma . . .\ntopics : dolichopodidae , diptera , ukraine , crimea , pentatomidae , hemiptera , hemidactylus , gekkonidae , . . .\nlabel : pertin - nce cat . number : pertin - nce _ 041 title : akdleko artist : various track listing : 1 - arbee - version un 2 - bleupulp - version deux 3 - cmd - version trois 4 - naw - ver . 3 . 0 5 - hemiptera - smoke baby 6 - sarcastic - version six 7 - revy - immersion 8 - mike north - rip and tear sounds like : dub , techno , house , electronic , experimental , deep , free download on : urltoken\ntopics : pertin - nce _ 041\n,\npertin\n,\ndub\n,\ntechno\n,\nhouse\n, . . .\non the nomenclature of a pre - occupied generic name in the family ichneumonidae ( hymenoptera ) on the nomenclature of a pre - occupied generic name in the family braconidae from zaire ( hymenoptera ) on the nomenclature of two pre - occupied generic names in the family tephritidae in the afrotropical region ( diptera ) a generic replacement name in the family gerridae ( hemiptera ) from afrotropical region eurasicesa nom . n . , a replacement name in the family limoniidae in eurasia ( diptera ) nomenclatural . . .\ntopics : hymenoptera , diptera , hemiptera , orthoptera , ichneumonidae , braconidae , pteromalidae , eulophidae , . . .\ntopics : pterygota , odonata , dermaptera , orthoptera , homoptera , hemiptera , planipennia , diptera , . . .\nresults of the entomofauna of the world based upon info - system of the cesa . cent . ent . stud . , priamus suppl . 18 : 1 - 3186 , 2 figs , 1 map . editorial under this major title , totally 88 regional reports , a generic list of the pterygot insects and a bibliographical evaluation are published in this issue of the priamus ( supplement ) . the project entomofauna of the world ( except lepidoptera ) has been carrying out by the researchers of the cesa for some years . the temporary results of the reports . . .\ntopics : insecta , odonata , orthoptera , mantodea , dermaptera , hemiptera , homoptera , neuroptera , mecoptera , . . .\ntopics : life sciences - zoology - entomology , science , hemiptera , insects , juvenile literature , . . .\nsecond contribution to the knowledge of the pterygota fauna of bahcesaray ( van province , east turkey ) . cesa news 126 : 1 - 11 , 1 fig . this paper deals with the annotated faunistical list of 295 species of 57 families of 14 pterygota orders in bahcesaray district of van province ( east turkey ) .\ntopics : pterygota , lepidoptera , odonata , plecoptera , dermaptera , orthoptera , mantodea , homoptera , . . .\nko\u00e7ak , a . \u00f6 . & m . kemal , 2012 , list of two thousand species of pterygot insects in van province ( east turkey ) ( results of the entomofauna project of turkey \u2013 7 ) . cesa news 81 : 2 - 86 , 37 figs . urn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 943b741d - 0b4f - 494f - b93c - d2de91a301f1 in the year of 2008 , the project entomofauna of turkey was begun privately . the main aim was to compile the hitherto recorded taxa of pterygot insects in turkey . for this purpose , 24 pterygot orders in turkey , their family , genus and species . . .\ntopics : ephemeroptera , plecoptera , odonata , mantodea , dermaptera , phasmida , orthoptera , hemiptera , . . .\nlist of the hitherto recorded pterygot taxa of turkey ( insecta ) ( temporary report of the entomofauna project of turkey - 10 ) . cent . ent . stud . , memoirs 6 : 1 - 1649 , 1 fig . urn : lsid : zoobank . org : pub : 36761945 - 6130 - 4da8 - 9741 - a741d9e6359b in the first part of the specific list , totally 5282 lepidopteran species are classified under following 76 families : adelidae , agonoxenidae , alucitidae , arctiidae , argynnidae , autostichidae , blastobasidae , bombycidae , brachodidae , brahmaeidae , bucculatricidae , . . .\ntopics : pterygota , insecta , plecoptera , odonata , blattodea , mantodea , dermaptera , phasmida , orthoptera , . . .\nfaunal list of the lepidoptera of the provinces in turkey , together with the recorded pterygots . cesa news 97 : 1 - 3 . in this short note , provincial lists of the lepidoptera of turkey published by the authors are reminded . present numbers of the recorded species of the lepidoptera and other pterygots for 81 provinces of turkey are mentioned in a table . the reasons of the dissimilarity of the numbers among the provinces are explained . it is also apprised the planned future articles on this . . .\ntopics : odonata , orthoptera , mantodea , hemiptera , planipennia , lepidoptera , diptera , hymenoptera , . . ."]}
{"id": 1781, "summary": [{"text": "woodward 's moray , gymnothorax woodwardi , is a moray eel found in coral reefs in the western indian ocean , around australia .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "it was first named by mcculloch in 1912 . ", "topic": 25}], "title": "woodward ' s moray eel", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about woodward ' s moray eel ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for woodward ' s moray eel ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nwoodward ' s moray , gymnothorax woodwardi . source : chris dowling / fishbase . license : all rights reserved\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\ngreek , gymnos = naked + greek , thorax , - akos = breast ( ref . 45335 )\na benthic species ( ref . 75154 ) which occurs in inshore waters ( ref . 7300 , 75154 ) .\npaxton , j . r . , d . f . hoese , g . r . allen and j . e . hanley , 1989 . pisces . petromyzontidae to carangidae . zoological catalogue of australia , vol . 7 . australian government publishing service , canberra , 665 p . ( ref . 7300 )\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00095 ( 0 . 00046 - 0 . 00197 ) , b = 3 . 10 ( 2 . 93 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 0 \u00b10 . 7 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives\nresilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : high to very high vulnerability ( 69 of 100 ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nphoto by chen , h . m . / loh , k . h .\n, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .\n, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .\n, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .\ncfm script by eagbayani , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by cmilitante , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by cmilitante , 14 / 03 / 2013\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nyearsley , g . k . , last , p . r . & morris , g . b . 1997 ,\ncodes for australian aquatic biota ( caab ) : an upgraded and expanded species coding system for australian fisheries databases\n, pp . 15 pp . + appendices\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 441734ad - 7818 - 490f - 9ab7 - 06f42ddb1556\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 4e0f4fd2 - 26f9 - 4663 - 81bf - 082ce8e0b7a3\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 5e0828c2 - 9bf1 - 44ff - 8c8c - c289e5c02dfb\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : bcf3f21c - c4e4 - 422e - b133 - 2c840f17e60b\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 396900\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 1784, "summary": [{"text": "the spotted puffbird ( bucco tamatia ) is a species of puffbird in the family bucconidae .", "topic": 6}, {"text": "it is found in bolivia , brazil , colombia , ecuador , french guiana , guyana , peru , suriname , and venezuela .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical swamps and heavily degraded former forest . ", "topic": 24}], "title": "spotted puffbird", "paragraphs": ["spotted puffbird ; rare specie to find . . - picture of yasuni national park , ecuador\nspotted puffbird ; rare specie to find . . - picture of yasuni national park , ecuador - tripadvisor\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nsacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .\nnystactes tamatia ( del hoyo and collar 2014 ) was previously placed in the genus bucco .\njustification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthe global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' fairly common ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 11 . 9 - 12 . 3 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 10 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nthere are many ways to contribute\u2014we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !\n) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :\nthis species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : nystactes tamatia . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nhumid secondary forest . filtered version on moore et al . ( 2013 ) urltoken\nnatural quiet vocalizations from a bird sitting 3 - 4m up off ground . it had been flushed up from 1m up , flew to perch , at which it started vocalizaing ( alarm call ? ) .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmyavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .\nthere are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .\nthere are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .\nhoward and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :\nyou must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .\navibase has been visited 263 , 290 , 923 times since 24 june 2003 . \u00a9 denis lepage | privacy policy\nwe noticed that you ' re using an unsupported browser . the tripadvisor website may not display properly . we support the following browsers :\n* tripadvisor llc is not a booking agent and does not charge any service fees to users of our site . . . (\ntripadvisor llc is not responsible for content on external web sites . taxes , fees not included for deals content ."]}
{"id": 1797, "summary": [{"text": "almita portalia is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by b. landry in 1995 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona and california . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "almita portalia", "paragraphs": ["almita portalia landry , 1995 n . sp . , mem . entom . int ' l . , v . 1 , p . 1 - 242 .\nhave a fact about almita texana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for almita texana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation ."]}
{"id": 1812, "summary": [{"text": "afrarpia is a genus of moths of the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it contains only one species , afrarpia mariepsiensis , which is found in south africa . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "afrarpia", "paragraphs": ["type species : afrarpia mariepsiensis maes , 2004 . journal of afrotropical zoology 1 : 61 , pl . 1 fig . e , pl . 6 . by original dedsignation and monotypy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nde joannis j . 1927 . pyralidae d ' afrique australe , principalement du district de louren\u00e7o - marques . - bulletin de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e9ristes de gen\u00e8ve 5 ( 4 ) : 181\u2013256 .\nmaes k . v . n . 2004b . new scopariinae from eastern and southern africa ( lepidoptera , pyraloidea , crambidae ) . - journal of afrotropical zoology 1 : 57\u201371 .\n[ south africa , kwazulu - natal ] , natal , estcourt , leg . j . m . hutchinson .\nhampson g . f . 1901e . in : ragonot , e . l . , monographie des phycitinae et des galleriinae . \u2013 in : romanoff , n . m . , m\u00e9moires sur les l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res . - \u2014 8 : i\u2013xli , 1\u2013507 , 560 , pls 24\u201357 .\nnyiira z . m . 1973 . pest status of thrips and lepidopterous species on vegetables in uganda . - east african agricultural and forestry journal 39 ( 2 ) : 131\u2013135 .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 14257\u2642 , rmca ; 1\u2642 , 9\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 14239\u2640 , 1191\u2642 , rmca , bmnh , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 774 , absrc ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 519 , 552 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 14120 , rmca ; paratypes 3\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 553 , 554 , absrc .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide maes 20763 , tmsa ; paratypes 8\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 1113 , 20681 , 20762 , absrc , tmsa .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 20680 , tmsa ; paratypes 5\u2642 , tmsa , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 858\u2642 , absrc ; 15 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides maes 462\u2642 , 465\u2640 , 433\u2640 , absrc , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 795 , absrc ; 53 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , absrc , nmk , usnm , tmsa .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 1187 , absrc ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slides 20124 , 20117 , 20122 , 20105 , nmk .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 20693 , tmsa ; paratypes 4\u2642 , 2\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 979 , absrc , tmsa .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 1030 , absrc ; paratypes 8\u2642 , 7\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 1031 , 1032 , 1189 , 1190 , 20102 , absrc , nmk , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 855\u2642 , rmca ; 8 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slide maes 415\u2640 , 466\u2640 , 857\u2640 , rmca , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 893 , absrc ; 32 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , absrc , nmk , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 14312 , rmca ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 9\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 14306 , 14307 , rmca , nmk , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 1305 , absrc ; paratypes [ number not stated ] , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 1247\u2642 , absrc ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 1249\u2640 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 20748\u2642 , nmnw ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 4\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 20751\u2640 , nmnw , zmhb , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 600\u2642 , absrc ; paratype 1\u2642 , genitalia slide maes 587\u2642 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 873 , absrc ; paratypes 3\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides maes , 20111 , 20249 , nmk .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 484 , absrc ; paratypes 2\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 485 , 486 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 20746\u2642 , nmnw ; paratypes 7\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 1037\u2640 , nmnw , zmhb , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 20719 , tmsa ; paratypes 4\u2642 , 6\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 20738 , tmsa , absrc , mhng , rmsa .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 473\u2642 , rmca ; 39 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides maes 490\u2642 , 474\u2640 , rmca , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 949 , absrc ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 17\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 950 , absrc , rmca , nmk .\nholotype \u2642 , zmhb ; paratypes 29\u2642 , 18\u2640 , genitalia slides 38 / 10 , maes 20761 , 1006 , zmhb , tmsa , absrc .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide pyralidae 21342\u2640 , bmnh ; paratypes 2\u2640 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 382\u2642 , rmca ; paratypes 1\u2642 , genitalia slide maes 467\u2642 , 1 specimen , abdomen lost , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 743\u2642 , rmca ; paratypes 4\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 408\u2640 , 409\u2640 , rmca , absrc .\nholotype \u2640 , genitalia slide maes 468\u2640 , rmca ; paratypes 3\u2640 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide k . maes 851\u2642 , absrc ; paratypes 2\u2642 ( 1 without abdomen ) , 1\u2640 , genitalia slide k . maes 1309\u2640 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 593 , absrc ; paratypes 2\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 566 , 594 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 769 , absrc ; paratype 1\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 20424 , nmk .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 20425 , nmk ; paratypes 2\u2642 , nmk , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 249\u2642 , rmca ; 72 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides maes 360\u2640 , 247\u2640 , 733\u2640 , 205\u2642 , 134\u2642 , 248\u2642 , rmca , bmnh , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 1059\u2642 , absrc ; paratypes 4\u2642 , 6\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 1058\u2640 , 20085\u2642 , 20086\u2640 , 20126\u2640 , absrc , nmk .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 1067 , absrc ; paratypes 2\u2642 and 9\u2640 , genitalia slides \u26401068 , \u26401183 , \u264220714 , absrc , tmsa , bmnh , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 1017\u2642 , absrc ; paratypes 5\u2642 , 6\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 1079\u2640 , absrc , usnm .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 595 , absrc ; paratype 1\u2642 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , absrc ; 33 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides maes 1365 , 1366 , 1332 , 1331 , 1303 , absrc , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , absrc ; paratypes 6\u2642 , genitalia slides maes 1347 , 1138 , 1346 , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 1349 , absrc ; 16 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides maes 1348 , hayden 263 , absrc , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 993 , absrc ; paratypes 1\u2642 and 4\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 20715 , absrc , tmsa .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalis slide maes 1033 , absrc ; paratypes 3\u2642 and 4\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 1229 , bmnh 21992 , absrc , bmnh .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 489\u2642 , rmca ; paratypes 1\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 472\u2640 , 1 specmen , abdomen missing , rmca , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 383\u2642 , rmca ; paratypes 2\u2640 , genitalia slide maes 384\u2640 , rmca , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 470\u2642 , rmca ; paratypes 1\u2642 , 1\u2640 , genitalia slides 487\u2640 , 488\u2642 , rmca , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 14158 , rmca ; paratypes 14\u2642 , 12\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 14160 , 14163 , 14164 , rmca , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 941 , absrc ; paratypes 9\u2642 , 5\u2640 , genitalia slides maes 939 , 940 , 14161 , 14162 , absrc , rmca , nmk .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 1073\u2642 , absrc ; 26 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides maes 1071\u2640 , 1070\u2640 , 1069\u2642 , 1072\u2642 , 1042\u2642 , 1043\u2640 , 20747\u2642 , nmnw , zmhb , absrc .\nholotype \u2642 , absrc ; 28 paratypes \u2642 , \u2640 , genitalia slides maes 591 , 20428 , 904 , 909 , 910 , 903 , absrc , nmk , rmca .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide maes 953 , absrc ; paratypes 4\u2642 , absrc , nmk , rmsa .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide 742 , absrc ; paratype \u2640 , genitalia slide 1108 , absrc .\nyou just need to enter the word you are looking for a rhyme in the field . in order to find a more original version you can resort to fuzzy search . practically in no time you will be provided with a list of rhyming words according to your request . they will be presented in blocks depending on the number of letters .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1823, "summary": [{"text": "hyrcanogobius bergi , the volga dwarf goby , is a species of goby endemic to the caspian sea where it occurs in fresh , brackish and marine waters along the coast .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "unusually for gobies , this species is almost a pelagic fish .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "this species grows to a length of 3.6 centimetres ( 1.4 in ) sl .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "this species is the only known member of its genus . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "hyrcanogobius bergi", "paragraphs": ["placed in a separate genus hyrcanogobius by some authors on the basis of slightly different organisation of cephalic sensory pores .\n( of knipowitschia bergi ( iljin , 1928 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ngland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) \u2013 australia\u2019s unique reptiles \u2013 including lizards and snakes \u2013 face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .\nthe value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .\na recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .\nnorthern and southeastern caspian sea ; deltas of ural and volga ; along western coast southward to daghestan .\nhabitat : a near - pelagic coastal marine species ; found in areas with different salinities , including fresh water . biology : lives one year . matures at 18 - 20 mm sl . spawns after first winter , in may - july , down to 2 - 7 m . females probably lay 2 - 3 portions of eggs ( 0 . 4 \u00d7 1 . 0 mm ) , separately attached inside a mollusc shell . adults probably die soon after spawning . feeds on small crustaceans .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nenglish - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers\nthis near - pelagic coastal marine species is found in areas with different salinities , including freshwater . it lives for a year and matures at 18 - 20 mm sl . spawns after first winter , may - june , down to 2 - 7 m , with females probably laying 2 - 3 portions of eggs ( 0 . 4 - 1 . 0 mm ) , separately attached inside a mollusc shell ; and adults dying soon after spawning . feeds on small crustaceans ( ref . 59043 ) .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nthe webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license\nfroese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services ."]}
{"id": 1826, "summary": [{"text": "lepidochrysops jacksoni is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in uganda , from the south-western part of the country to tororo and to the north and west madi .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of areas with short grass and lamiates on the rocky slopes of hills and ridges . ", "topic": 24}], "title": "lepidochrysops jacksoni", "paragraphs": ["the patrician blue ( lepidochrysops patricia ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nthe potchefstroom blue ( lepidochrysops procera ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops chloauges , the jade blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops solwezii , the roseate blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops longifalces , the msasa blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe highveld blue ( lepidochrysops praeterita ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops inyangae , the nyanga blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops violetta , the violet blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe southern blue ( lepidochrysops australis ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nthe zulu blue ( lepidochrysops ignota ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nthe ketsi blue ( lepidochrysops ketsi ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nthe monkey blue ( lepidochrysops methymna ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nthe peninsula blue ( lepidochrysops oreas ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nthe koppie blue ( lepidochrysops ortygia ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nthe mouse blue ( lepidochrysops puncticilia ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nthe silvery blue ( lepidochrysops glauca ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops kocak , the giant blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops lukenia , the lukenia blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops peculiaris , the peculiar blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nvan son\u2019s blue ( lepidochrysops vansoni ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops elgonae , the elgon blue , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe swartberg blue ( lepidochrysops swartbergensis ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nloewenstein\u2019s blue ( lepidochrysops loewensteini ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops polydialecta , the lilac giant cupid , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops arabicus , the arabian giant cupid , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops kitale , the kitale giant cupid , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe free state blue ( lepidochrysops letsea ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops labeensis , the labe giant cupid , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops parsimon , the western giant cupid , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe estcourt blue ( lepidochrysops pephredo ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe outeniqua blue ( lepidochrysops outeniqua ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe coastal blue ( lepidochrysops littoralis ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe wineland blue ( lepidochrysops bacchus ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe twin - spot blue ( lepidochrysops plebeja ) is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops quassi , the tailed blue giant cupid , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nwykeham ' s blue ( lepidochrysops wykehami ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\npennington ' s blue ( lepidochrysops penningtoni ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\npringle ' s blue ( lepidochrysops pringlei ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nswanepoel ' s blue ( lepidochrysops swanepoeli ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nquickelberge ' s blue ( lepidochrysops quickelbergei ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nbadham ' s blue ( lepidochrysops badhami ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nthe ball ' s blue ( lepidochrysops balli ) is a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlepidochrysops is a genus of butterfly in the lycaenidae family . the members ( species ) are found in the afrotropical ecozone .\nlepidochrysops hypopolia , known as morant ' s blue ( afrikaans : morant - bloutjie ) , was a species of butterfly in the lycaenidae family .\nlibert , m . 2001 euchrysops butler et lepidochrysops hedicke : deux genres distincts ? description de quatre nouvelles especes et de deux nouvelles sous - especes ( lepidoptera , lycaenidae ) . lambillionea 101 , 351 - 371 .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nan extremely diverse african genus . most of the species are endemic to the cape region of south africa . larvae feed on lamiaceae and verbenaceae in early instars , and then are taken into ant nests , where they are tended by the ants , consuming ant larvae and pupae , until they pupate ( larsen 2005 ) .\nackery , p . r . , smith , c . r . & vane - wright , r . i . ( ed . ) 1995 carcasson ' s african butterflies . canberra : csiro .\nlarsen , t . b . 2005 butterflies of west africa . stenstrup , denmark : apollo books .\ncorrespondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nseitz , a . die gross - schmetterlinge der erde 13 : die afrikanischen tagfalter . plate xiii 72\nseitz , a . die gross - schmetterlinge der erde 13 : die afrikanischen tagfalter . plate xiii 73\nthis page was last modified on 10 may 2016 , at 08 : 12 .\nthis article ' s content derived from wikipedia , the free encyclopedia ( see original source ) ."]}
{"id": 1833, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia nahuelbuta is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in the region of araucania ( the province of malleco ) in chile .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of the northern valdivian forest biotic province .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is about 9 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are covered with mixture of greyish white , dark brown , brownish black , and reddish brown scales .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are greyish white , with scattered greyish brown and dark brown scales .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing in february . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eupithecia nahuelbuta", "paragraphs": ["eupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .\nash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )\nthe eupithecia ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) of chile . bulletin of the amnh ; v . 186 , article 3\neupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .\neupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90\u00b0 to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .\nthe larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nfull - text is provided in portable document format ( pdf ) . to view articles you must have the free adobe acrobat reader . click here to download the latest version . the . epub version displays best on an ipad , but may work on other devices that accept . epub format . download directly to your device\u2019s book reader ( e . g . , ibooks ) or drag into your e - books collection on your computer .\nbulletin of the american museum of natural history the bulletin , published continuously since 1881 , consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology , paleontology , and geology . current numbers are published at irregular intervals . the bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers , while longer works appeared in the memoirs . however , in the 1920s , the memoirs ceased and the bulletin series began publishing longer papers . a new series , the novitates , published short papers describing new forms .\ndepartment of library services american museum of natural history central park west at 79th st . , new york , ny 10024 \u00a9 american museum of natural history , 2011\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !\nif you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .\nplease consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nyou are currently seeing a feature reduced version of this site , please use a javascript enabled browser for full functionality to be unlocked .\nion contains the organism names related data gathered from the scientific literature for clarivate analytics ' zoological record \u00ae database . viruses , bacteria and plant names will be added from other clarivate databases such as biosis previews \u00ae .\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nchinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .\nskinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .\nthis article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\n. \u201d on his return to spain he found his old regiment about to march fo . . . . . . t imitate that life of mine when i in lonely sadness on the great rock\nthere to pine ; thou , . . . . . . what thou dost ; touch it not unless thou wouldst lay down thy life as the\nof thy rashness . \u201d the car - rier gave no heed to these words ( and he . . . . . . be with you , and keep in mind what you have promised and sworn under those\nthat have been already declared to you . \u201d so saying , he gave rocin . . . . . . ut , as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve the\nof fire . \u201cno , \u201d said the niece , \u201cthere is no reason for showing merc . . . . . . ou , master nicholas , i say let this and \u2018amadis of gaul\u2019 be remit - ted the\nof fire , and as for all the rest , let them perish with - out further . . . . . . never slept a day under a roof , went to their graves as much maids as the\nthat bore them . i say , then , that in these and other respects our g . . . . . . ar , hatred nor love , should make them swerve from the path of truth , whose\nis history , rival of time , storehouse of deeds , witness for the past . . . . . . ked plough had not dared to rend and pierce the tender bowels of our first\n, belonging to a genus that feeds on feathers ; a beetle ( quedius ) and * . . . . . . brating so rapidly as to be scarcely visible , i was reminded of the sphinx\n: their movements and habits are indeed in many respects very similar . . . . . . . than any other race of animals . i allude only to the butterflies ; for the\n, contrary to what might have been ex - pected from the rankness of the . . . . . . ads . nothing could be more interest - ing than some of the family groups . a\nwith one or two daughters would often come to our rancho , mounted on . . . . . . manner in which his laws were enforced . one of these was , that no man , on\nof being put into the stocks , should carry his knife on a sunday : t . . . . . . ate individual , but likewise used them , as old spain had done before for a\nsettlement . en - gland claimed her right an seized them . the english - . . . . . . yages of the adventure and beagle , is in lat . 46 degs . 50 ' , in the gulf of\n. it is 15 miles long , and in one part 7 broad and descends to the sea . . . . . . an rafael . the posi - tion of the glaciers at this place and in the gulf of\nmay be put even in a more striking point of view , for they descend to . . . . . . in charge of this same fortress . after we left south america , he paid the\nin the usual manner , by being con - quered , taken prisoner , and shot . . .\nthat 60 don quixote have been already declared to you . \u201d so sayin . . . . . . ut , as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve the\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department ."]}
{"id": 1837, "summary": [{"text": "venericardia is a widely distributed genus of marine bivalve molluscs , in the family carditidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is the type genus of subfamily venericardiinae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the closely related purpurocardia was for long included here as a subgenus , but is increasingly considered distinct .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "species of venericardia include : venericardia amabilis venericardia bimaculata venericardia ferruginea venericardia granulata \u2020 venericardia imbricata ( gmelin , 1791 ) \u2020 venericardia iheringi ( boehm , 1903 ) venericardia planicosta", "topic": 26}], "title": "venericardia", "paragraphs": ["species venericardia dilecta accepted as vimentum dilectum ( e . a . smith , 1885 )\nspecies venericardia excelsior accepted as vimentum dilectum ( e . a . smith , 1885 )\nspecies venericardia alaskana dall , 1903 accepted as cyclocardia crebricostata ( a . krause , 1885 )\nvariety venericardia borealis var . ovata riabinina , 1952 accepted as cyclocardia ovata ( riabinina , 1952 )\nspecies venericardia flammea michelin , 1831 accepted as strophocardia megastropha ( j . e . gray , 1825 )\nspecies venericardia nodulosa dall , 1919 accepted as cyclocardia bailyi ( j . q . burch , 1944 )\nspecies venericardia tankervillii w . wood , 1828 accepted as cardiocardita tankervillii ( w . wood , 1828 )\nspecies venericardia zelandica potiez & michaud , 1844 accepted as austrovenus stutchburyi ( w . wood , 1828 )\nspecies venericardia africana bartsch , 1915 accepted as coripia elata ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1892 )\nspecies venericardia reinga a . w . b . powell , 1933 accepted as purpurocardia reinga ( powell , 1933 )\nspecies venericardia minima ( e . a . smith , 1904 ) accepted as coripia agulhasensis ( jaeckel & thiele , 1931 )\nspecies venericardia kiiensis ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1913 ) accepted as megacardita ferruginosa ( adams & reeve , 1850 )\nspecies venericardia elata ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1892 ) accepted as coripia elata ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1892 )\nspecies venericardia megastropha j . e . gray , 1825 accepted as strophocardia megastropha ( j . e . gray , 1825 ) ( original combination )\nspecies venericardia crassicostata g . b . sowerby i , 1825 accepted as cardites crassicostatus ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) ( original combination )\nspecies venericardia lilliei c . a . fleming , 1943 \u2020 accepted as purpurocardia lilliei ( c . a . fleming , 1943 ) \u2020 ( original combination )\nlamarck j . b . ( 1801 ) . syst\u00e8me des animaux sans vert\u00e8bres , ou tableau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des classes , des ordres et des genres de ces animaux ; pr\u00e9sentant leurs caract\u00e8res essentiels et leur distribution , d ' apres la consid\u00e9ration de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation , et suivant l ' arrangement \u00e9tabli dans les galeries du mus\u00e9um d ' histoire naturelle , parmi leurs d\u00e9pouilles conserv\u00e9es ; pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 du discours d ' ouverture du cours de zoologie , donn\u00e9 dans le mus\u00e9um national d ' histoire naturelle l ' an 8 de la r\u00e9publique . published by the author and deterville , paris : viii + 432 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 123 [ details ]\nschmidt f . c . 1818 , versuch \u00fcber die beste einrichtung zur aufstellung : behandlung und aufbewahrung der verschiedenen naturk\u00f6rper und gegen\u1e63t\u00e4nde der kunst , vorz\u00fcglich der conchylien - sammlungen , nebst kurzer beurtheilung der conchyliologischen systeme und schriften und einer tabellarischen zusammenstellung und vergleichung der sechs besten und neuesten conchyliologischen systeme . gotha , j . perth , 252 pp . , available online at urltoken ; seq = 15 page ( s ) : 57 [ details ]\n( the eocene epoch began 57 . 8 million years ago and ended 36 . 6 million years ago ) . the shell , composed of two halves ( valves ) , is distinctive in form and generally large . transverse ribs radiate from the apex of the valves and are broken by a series of concentric growth rings . internally , the valves are marked by distinctive nodes along the edge and thickenings that form raised bars at the apex ; these form the surfaces along which the valves\neocene epoch , second of three major worldwide divisions of the paleogene period ( 66 million to 23 million years ago ) that began 56 million years ago and ended 33 . 9 million years ago . it follows the paleocene epoch and precedes the oligocene epoch . the eocene is often divided into early ( 56 million\u2026\nbivalve , ( class bivalvia ) , any of more than 15 , 000 species of clams , oysters , mussels , scallops , and other members of the phylum mollusca characterized by a shell that is divided from front to back into left and right valves . the valves are connected to one another at a hinge . primitive bivalves\u2026\nmollusk , any soft - bodied invertebrate of the phylum mollusca , usually wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell secreted by a soft mantle covering the body . along with the insects and vertebrates , it is one of the most diverse groups in the animal kingdom , with nearly 100 , 000 ( possibly\u2026\ngryphaea , extinct molluskan genus found as fossils in rocks from the jurassic period to the eocene epoch ( between 199 . 6 million and 33 . 9 million years ago ) . related to the oysters , gryphaea is characterized by its distinctively convoluted shape . the left valve , or shell , was much larger and more\u2026\ninoceramus , genus of extinct pelecypods ( clams ) found as fossils in jurassic to cretaceous rocks ( laid down between 199 . 6 million and 65 . 5 million years ago ) . especially important and widespread in cretaceous rocks , inoceramus had a distinctive shell ; it is large , thick , and wrinkled in a\u2026\nwe welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles . you can make it easier for us to review and , hopefully , publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind .\nencyclop\u00e6dia britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience .\nyou may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered .\nat the bottom of the article , feel free to list any sources that support your changes , so that we can fully understand their context . ( internet urls are the best . )\nyour contribution may be further edited by our staff , and its publication is subject to our final approval . unfortunately , our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions .\nour editors will review what you ' ve submitted , and if it meets our criteria , we ' ll add it to the article .\nplease note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors , and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed .\nhorse , ( equus caballus ) , a hoofed , herbivorous mammal of the family equidae . it comprises a single species , \u2026\ncorrections ? updates ? omissions ? let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) .\nif you prefer to suggest your own revision of the article , you can go to edit mode ( requires login ) .\nour editors will review what you\u2019ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article .\nhuber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world\u2019s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\ngofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nzamouri - langar , n . ; chouba , l . ; ajjabi chebil , l . ; mrabet , r . ; el abed , a . ( 2011 ) . les coquillages bivalves des c\u00f4tes tunisiennes . institut national des sciences et technologies de la mer : salammb\u00f4 . isbn 978 - 9938 - 9512 - 0 - 2 . 128 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\njennifer hammock split the classifications by obis depth range resource , obis environmental information , and inventaire national du patrimoine naturel from cardites antiquatus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) to their own page .\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\ngefurchte trapezmuschel\nto\ncardites antiquatus ( linnaeus , 1758 )\n.\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nsee also camacho et al . 2000 , chiesa et al . 1995 , dockery 1982 , glenn 1904 , gliozzi and malatesta 1983 , heaslip 1968 , iqbal 1973 , lamprell and whitehead 1992 , le renard 1993 , marwick 1960 , olsson 1931 , sepkoski 2002 , vokes 1939 , vokes 1980 , vredenburg 1928 and woodring 1982\nsee also camacho et al . 2000 , gardner and bowles 1939 , glibert 1985 , olsson and richards 1961 , sepkoski 2002 , uliana and camacho 1975 , vokes 1939 and vokes 1980\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\njavascript is turned off in your web browser . please turn it on to take full advantage of arctos , or try our html specimensearch option ."]}
{"id": 1842, "summary": [{"text": "the little satilla river is a 28.4-mile-long ( 45.7 km ) freshwater tributary of the satilla river in the u.s. state of georgia .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "it should not be confused with the tidal little satilla river that is 20 miles ( 32 km ) to the southeast and is an inlet of the atlantic ocean .", "topic": 6}, {"text": "the freshwater little satilla river forms at the juncture of big satilla creek and little satilla creek , close to the u.s. route 84 crossing of the two creeks southwest of screven .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the river flows south as the boundary between wayne and pierce counties , then turns more southeast as it becomes the boundary between pierce and brantley counties .", "topic": 7}, {"text": "turning fully to the east , it enters brantley county , is crossed by u.s. route 301 , and joins the satilla river 4 miles ( 6 km ) southeast of hortense . ", "topic": 23}], "title": "little satilla river ( satilla river )", "paragraphs": ["\u00b7 the satilla river basin is composed primarily of the satilla river , little satilla river , and turtle river . some major waterways in the basin include the alabaha river , seventeen mile creek and hurricane creek .\nnote : forecasts are not available for the little satilla river near offerman . only observed stages are available for this point .\no the satilla river is a free - flowing river , unimpeded by dams .\n2 . 5 miles above mouth , little satilla river 8 miles above mouth , little satilla river allied chemical corporation docks , turtle river bailey cut , 0 . 8 miles west of , satilla river barbour island , barbour island river beach creek entrance , cumberland island beach hammock bear river entrance belfast , belfast river bellville point , sapelo river below spring bluff , little satilla river blackbeard creek , blackbeard island blackbeard island bradley point , bradley river brunswick , east river buffalo river entrance , turtle river burnt fort , satilla river cane patch creek entrance ceylon , satilla river champney island , south altamaha river coffee bluff , forest river creighton narrows entrance , crescent river crispen island , turtle river crooked river , cumberland dividings cumberland wharf , cumberland river dallas bluff , julienton river darien , darien river dillard creek , turtle river dog hammock , sapelo river dover bluff , dover creek , little satilla river eagle creek , mud river eagle neck , south newport river egg islands , ossabaw sound floyd creek , 2 . 8 miles above entrance fort jackson , savannah river fort mcallister , ogeechee river frederica river frederick river bridge halfmoon , timmons river hampton river entrance harrietts bluff , crooked river harris neck , barbour island river highway bridge , ogeechee river highway bridge , south brunswick river hudson creek entrance isle of hope , skidaway river jekyll island marina , jekyll creek jekyll point , jekyll sound jointer island , jointer creek jones creek entrance , hampton river kilkenny club , kilkenny creek kings bay nsb , kings bay , cumberland sound kings bay , navy base kings bay , navy base ( sub ) little back river , highway 17 , back river . , savannah river mackay river ( daymark # 239 ) mackay river ( icww ) mud river , at old teakettle creek north entrance , wilmington river north newport river north newport river ( daymark # 119 ) old tea kettle creek ( daymark # 173 ) old tower , sapelo island pine harbor , sapelo river port wentworth , savannah river rockdedundy river ( daymark # 185 ) romerly marsh creek saint simons light saint simons sound bar savannah ( bull street ) savannah river entrance savannah sheraton resort hotel , wilmington river seacamp dock , cumberland island south newport cut , north newport river south newport river south newport river ( daymark # 135 ) sunbury , medway river thomas landing , south newport river threemile cut entrance , darien river thunderbolt , wilmington river todd creek entrance , satilla river tybee creek entrance tybee light , savannah river vernon view , burnside river walburg creek entrance wolf island , south end\nuse this relief map to navigate to tide stations , surf breaks and cities that are in the area of below spring bluff , little satilla river , georgia .\n\u00b7 the satilla river originates in ben hill county , then flows eastward and a little southward for approximately 200 miles , before emptying into st . andrews sound and the atlantic ocean in camden county .\no the main source of drinking water in the satilla river basin is provided by groundwater .\no georgia power company operates its fossil - fueled plant mcmanus by withdrawing water from the turtle river in the satilla river basin .\n\u00b7 there are 52 species of fish that live in the satilla river basin and together they represent 16 families .\no as of 2013 , the epd had issued 2 , 124 agricultural water withdrawal permits in the satilla river basin .\no in early times , the satilla river basin was known for abundant game , and fur trappers tried their skills along the riverbanks . a pre - revolutionary war fort , known as burnt fort , is located where the ga 252 bridge crosses the satilla river .\no in the satilla river basin , there are approximately 34 rivers and streams listed on the 2012 integrated 305 ( b ) / 303 ( d ) list as waters not supporting their designated uses . these impaired waters include roughly 437 miles of rivers and streams in the satilla river basin .\n\u00b7 the satilla river is a blackwater stream consisting of tannins and other natural leachates , which cause the river to have a darkly stained appearance and have unique physical and chemical characteristics and dissolved oxygen characteristics .\no npdes discharge permits : as of 2008 , there are approximately 39 facilities , including industries and municipalities , authorized to discharge wastewater into the satilla river basin pursuant to npdes permits .\n\u00b7 the satilla river basin includes part or all of 15 georgia counties ; however , only two are entirely within the basin . waycross and wray are two cities located in the basin .\n\u00b7 the laura walker state park is the only publicly owned lake in the satilla river basin . this blackwater lake is approximately 110 acres in size and has fisheries for largemouth bass , bluegill , catfish , chain pickerel , and flier .\nflooding on low lying roads , docks and campgrounds along the river basin can be expected .\no historically , the river was part of a large transportation and subsistence network for the expansive creek indian nation .\nextensive inundation of structures and roads along the river basin . evacuations of people or transfer to higher ground is likely .\nsome inundation of structures and roads along the river basin can be expected . evacuations of people to higher ground is possible .\n\u00b7 the basin , which comprises all land areas draining into the river , occupies a total area of 3 , 940 square miles .\n\u00b7 species diversity is limited by acidic water , low alkalinity , extreme variation in flows , and the relatively homogenous habitat present through most of the river .\n\u00b7 crooked river state park is located on the south bank of the crooked river and offers a boat ramp . visitors may venture to the nearby ruins of the tabby mcintosh sugar works mill , built around 1825 . the mill was later used as a starch factory during the civil war . just down the road is the ferry to cumberland island .\nbelow spring bluff , little satilla river , georgia 31 . 1667\u00b0 n , 81 . 6167\u00b0 w 2018 - 07 - 09 mon 7 : 33 pm edt 9 . 1 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 09 mon 8 : 33 pm edt sunset 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 2 : 07 am edt 0 . 8 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 6 : 30 am edt sunrise 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 7 : 56 am edt 7 . 8 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 2 : 15 pm edt - 0 . 1 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 8 : 33 pm edt sunset 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 8 : 33 pm edt 9 . 5 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 3 : 06 am edt 0 . 4 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 6 : 30 am edt sunrise 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 8 : 56 am edt 8 . 0 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 3 : 12 pm edt - 0 . 4 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 8 : 32 pm edt sunset 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 9 : 32 pm edt 9 . 9 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 4 : 01 am edt - 0 . 0 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 6 : 31 am edt sunrise 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 9 : 56 am edt 8 . 3 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 4 : 07 pm edt - 0 . 7 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 8 : 32 pm edt sunset 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 10 : 28 pm edt 10 . 2 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 10 : 49 pm edt new moon 2018 - 07 - 13 fri 4 : 54 am edt - 0 . 4 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 13 fri 6 : 31 am edt sunrise 2018 - 07 - 13 fri 10 : 54 am edt 8 . 5 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 13 fri 5 : 01 pm edt - 0 . 9 feet low tide\ndover bluff , dover creek , little satilla river , georgia 31 . 0167\u00b0 n , 81 . 5283\u00b0 w 2018 - 07 - 09 mon 6 : 30 pm edt 8 . 5 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 09 mon 8 : 32 pm edt sunset 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 1 : 07 am edt 0 . 8 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 6 : 30 am edt sunrise 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 6 : 53 am edt 7 . 3 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 1 : 15 pm edt - 0 . 1 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 7 : 30 pm edt 8 . 9 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 10 tue 8 : 32 pm edt sunset 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 2 : 06 am edt 0 . 4 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 6 : 30 am edt sunrise 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 7 : 53 am edt 7 . 5 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 2 : 12 pm edt - 0 . 4 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 8 : 29 pm edt 9 . 3 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 11 wed 8 : 32 pm edt sunset 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 3 : 01 am edt - 0 . 0 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 6 : 31 am edt sunrise 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 8 : 53 am edt 7 . 8 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 3 : 07 pm edt - 0 . 7 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 8 : 31 pm edt sunset 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 9 : 25 pm edt 9 . 5 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 12 thu 10 : 49 pm edt new moon 2018 - 07 - 13 fri 3 : 54 am edt - 0 . 3 feet low tide 2018 - 07 - 13 fri 6 : 31 am edt sunrise 2018 - 07 - 13 fri 9 : 51 am edt 8 . 0 feet high tide 2018 - 07 - 13 fri 4 : 01 pm edt - 0 . 8 feet low tide\n\u00b7 general coffee state park is known for interpretation of agricultural history . its heritage farm demonstrates this history with log cabins , a corn crib , tobacco barn , cane mill , barnyard animals and other exhibits . seventeen mile river winds through a cypress swamp with rare and endangered plants . the threatened indigo snake and gopher tortoise also make their homes in this sawgrass community . overnight accommodations include a nicely decorated 19th century cabin . the park was donated to the state by a group of coffee county citizens in 1970 and is named after general john coffee , planter , u . s . congressman and military leader .\nu . s . department of the interior | u . s . geological survey url : page last modified : page contact information : the national map\ngeographic area : united states alabama alaska american samoa arizona arkansas british columbia california colorado connecticut delaware dist . of columbia florida georgia guam hawaii idaho illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi missouri montana nebraska nevada new hampshire new jersey new mexico new york north carolina north dakota northern mariana islands ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania puerto rico rhode island south carolina south dakota tennessee texas utah vermont virgin islands virginia washington west virginia wisconsin wyoming\nthe operation of this streamgage is funded in cooperation with the georgia department of natural resources , environmental protection division with matching funding from the usgs cooperative water program .\nmost recent instantaneous value : 0 . 00 07 - 09 - 2018 15 : 45 edt\n' enter up to 2 site numbers separated by a comma . a site number consists of 8 to 15 digits '\nmost recent instantaneous value : 5 . 24 07 - 09 - 2018 15 : 45 edt\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsearch by city or zip code . press enter or select the go button to submit request\nhistoric crests ( 1 ) 16 . 40 ft on 04 / 06 / 1948 ( 2 ) 14 . 50 ft on 09 / 29 / 1953 ( 3 ) 14 . 49 ft on 04 / 04 / 2009 ( 4 ) 13 . 76 ft on 03 / 06 / 1991 ( 5 ) 13 . 47 ft on 09 / 08 / 2004 ( 6 ) 13 . 40 ft on 04 / 18 / 1961 ( 7 ) 13 . 30 ft on 03 / 08 / 1984 ( p ) ( 8 ) 13 . 25 ft on 01 / 29 / 1984 ( 9 ) 13 . 25 ft on 05 / 15 / 1979 ( 10 ) 13 . 20 ft on 12 / 07 / 1964 show more historic crests ( p ) : preliminary values subject to further review . recent crests ( 1 ) 9 . 80 ft on 06 / 18 / 2018 ( 2 ) 10 . 21 ft on 06 / 03 / 2018 ( 3 ) 12 . 81 ft on 09 / 12 / 2017 ( 4 ) 9 . 52 ft on 08 / 09 / 2017 ( 5 ) 12 . 67 ft on 01 / 25 / 2017 ( 6 ) 10 . 98 ft on 04 / 06 / 2016 ( 7 ) 10 . 57 ft on 04 / 04 / 2016 ( 8 ) 12 . 13 ft on 02 / 07 / 2016 ( 9 ) 10 . 46 ft on 06 / 12 / 2015 ( 10 ) 10 . 25 ft on 05 / 04 / 2015 show more recent crests ( p ) : preliminary values subject to further review . low water records ( 1 ) 1 . 54 ft on 10 / 02 / 2008 ( 2 ) 1 . 54 ft on 06 / 03 / 2011 ( 3 ) 1 . 58 ft on 11 / 22 / 2010\nthere are no fema national flood hazard layers for the location which you are viewing on esri maps .\nnote : your zoom level may have changed . esri ' s zoom levels must be between 14 and 16 to show national flood hazard layers .\nlatitude / longitude disclaimer : the gauge location shown in the above map is the approximate location based on the latitude / longitude coordinates provided to the nws by the gauge owner .\nthe national weather service prepares its forecasts and other services in collaboration with agencies like the us geological survey , us bureau of reclamation , us army corps of engineers , natural resource conservation service , national park service , alert users group , bureau of indian affairs , and many state and local emergency managers across the country . for details , please click here .\nthis program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful , but without any warranty ; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose . both the author and the website provider assume no liability for damages arising from use of these predictions . they are not certified to be correct , and they do not incorporate the effects of tropical storms , el ni\u00f1o , seismic events , continental drift , or changes in global sea level .\n\u00b7 a 1988 - 90 land cover interpretation showed 37 percent of the basin in forest cover , 24 percent in wetlands , 2 percent in urban land cover , and 18 percent in agriculture .\n\u00b7 all major commodities that are grown in georgia ( peanuts , corn , cotton , oats , rye , sorghum , soybeans , and tobacco ) are produced in the basin .\n\u00b7 george l . smith state park is best known for the newly refurbished parrish mill , a combination gristmill , sawmill , covered bridge and dam built in 1880 and now open for tours . anglers and canoeists can explore the mill pond , dotted with spanish moss - draped trees and home to the blue heron and white ibis . hikers can experience 11 miles of trails covering wiregrass terrain , home to the rare gopher tortoise , georgia\u2019s state reptile .\nthis email address is being protected from spambots . you need javascript enabled to view it .\nalbania algeria american samoa angola antarctica antigua and barbuda argentina aruba ascension island australia bahamas bahamas bahrain bangladesh barbados belgium belize benin bermuda brazil british virgin islands brunei darussalam bulgaria cambodia cameroon canada cape verde cayman islands chile china cocos islands colombia comoros congo cook islands costa rica c\u00f4te d ' ivoire croatia cuba cyprus denmark djibouti dominica dominican republic east timor ecuador egypt el salvador equatorial guinea eritrea estonia falkland islands faroe islands fiji finland france french guiana french polynesia french southern and antarctic lands gabon gambia georgia germany ghana gilbert islands greece greenland grenada guadeloupe guam guatemala guernsey guinea guinea bissau guyana haiti heard island and mc donald islands honduras hong kong howland island iceland india indonesia iran iraq ireland isleof man israel italy jamaica japan jersey kenya kiribati kuwait latvia lebanon liberia libya lithuania madagascar madeira portugal malaysia maldives malta marshall islands martinique mauritania mauritius mayotte mexico micronesia midway islands missing monaco morocco mozambique myanmar namibia netherlands netherlands antilles new caledonia new zealand nicaragua nigeria niue north korea northern mariana islands norway oman pakistan palau panama papua new guinea peru philippines poland portugal portugal puerto rico qatar reunion romania russia saint kitts and nevis saint lucia samoa sao tome and principe saudi arabia senegal serbia and montenegro seychelles sierra leone singapore slovenia solomon islands somalia south africa south georgia and the south sandwich islands south korea spain spain sri lanka st helena st . pierre and miquelon st . vincent and the grenadines suriname svalbard sweden syria tahiti taiwan tanzania thailand togo tokelau tonga trinidad and tobago tunisia turkey turks and caicos islands tuvalu u s virgin islands ukraine united arab emirates united kingdom united states uruguay vanuatu venezuela vietnam wake island wallis and futuna west bank ( palestine ) western sahara yemen"]}
{"id": 1847, "summary": [{"text": "calappoidea is a superfamily of crabs comprising the two families calappidae and matutidae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the earliest fossils attributable to the calappoidea date from the aptian . ", "topic": 15}], "title": "calappoidea", "paragraphs": ["worms ( 2018 ) . calappoidea de haan , 1833 . accessed at : urltoken ; = 106694 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthis site uses cookies . by continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies .\nbrill\u2019s mybook program is exclusively available on brillonline books and journals . students and scholars affiliated with an institution that has purchased a brill e - book on the brillonline platform automatically have access to the mybook option for the title ( s ) acquired by the library . brill mybook is a print - on - demand paperback copy which is sold at a favorably uniform low price .\n< ? xml version =\n1 . 0\nencoding =\nutf - 8\n? > < event > < eventlog > < portalid > brill < / portalid > < sessionid > 0yuo2hznrpm3llxjjnzib2sb . x - brill - live - 03 < / sessionid > < useragent > python / 3 . 5 aiohttp / 3 . 3 . 2 < / useragent > < identityid > guest < / identityid > < identity _ list > guest < / identity _ list > < ipaddress > 104 . 154 . 183 . 114 < / ipaddress > < eventtype > personalisation < / eventtype > < createdon > 1531159838026 < / createdon > < / eventlog > < eventlogproperty > < item _ id > urltoken < / item _ id > < type > favourite < / type > < / eventlogproperty > < / event >\n1 : humboldt - universit\u00e4t zu berlin , institut f\u00fcr biologie / vergleichende zoologie , philippstr . 13 , d - 10115 berlin , germany ; technische universit\u00e4t ilmenau , institut f\u00fcr physik , weimarer str . 32 , d - 98684 ilmenau , germany\nh . h . hobbs ; joan p . jass and jay v . huner\nt\u00fcrkay , m . ( 2001 ) . decapoda , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 284 - 292 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\nmartin , j . w . , & davis , g . e . ( 2001 ) . an updated classification of the recent crustacea . science series , 39 . natural history museum of los angeles county . los angeles , ca ( usa ) . 124 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nl\u00f6renthey , e . & beurlen , k . , 1929 . die fossilen decapoden der l\u00e4nder der ungarischen krone . geologica hungarica , ( palaeontologica ) 3 : 1 - 421 , 12 tables , 16 pls .\ncalappidae - ? pleistocenes , ? holocene - okitsu , shimizu , suruga bay , shizuola pr . , japan\nlinnaeus , c . v . , 1758 , systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis ( ed . 10 ) , 1 : 1 - 824 . ( laurentii salvii , holmiae [ = stockholm ] ) .\ncalappidae - crsytal river fm . ( eocene ) - gainsville north florida usa .\nross , a . & scolaro , r . j . , 1964 . , a new crab from the eocene of florida . quarterly journal of the florida academy of sciences , 27 : 97 - 106 .\ncalappidae - priabonian ( upper eocene ) - parona , vicenza region , italy .\nde angeli , a . & capriondo , fabio , 2009 . , crostacei decapodi del priaboniano di sossano ( monti berici , vicenza - italia settentrionale ) . studi e ricerche - associazione amici del museo - museo civico\ng . zanatao\nmontecchio maggiore ( vicenza ) , 16 ( 2009 ) , pp . 23 - 33 .\ncalappidae - lutetian ( middle eocene ) - chiampo valley , vicenza , italy .\nbittner , a . , 1886 , . neue brachyuren des eoz\u00e4ns von verona . sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen akademie derwissenschaften inwien , ( mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche klasse ) 94 ( 1 ) : 44 - 55 .\ncalappidae - castle hayne fm . ( eocene ) - pender county , north carolina , usa .\nblow w . c . & . manning , r . c . , 1996 . preliminary descriptions of 25 new decapod crustaceans from the middle eocene of the carolinas , u . s . a . tulane studies in geology and paleontology , 29 ( 1 ) : 1 - 26 , pls . 1 - 5 .\ncalappidae - lutetian ( middle eocene ) - chiampo valley , vicenza , region , italy .\nbeschin , c . , busulini , a . , de angeli , a . , tessier , g . , 2002 , aggiornamento ai crostacei di cava \u201cmain\u201d di arzignano ( vicenza \u2013 italia settentrionale ) ( crustacea , decapoda ) . studi e ricerche . studi e richerche , pp . 7 - 28 ,\ncalappidae - ? pleistocenes , ? holocene - okitsu , shimizu , suruga bay , shizuola pr . , japan .\nde haan , w . , 1833 - 1850 . , crustacea . in : p . f . von siebold ( ed . ) , fauna japonica sive descriptio animalium , quae in itinere per japoniam , jussu et auspiciis superiorum , qui summum in india batava imperium tenent , suscepto , annis 1823 - 1830 collegit , notis , observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit : i - xvii , i - xxxi , ix - xvi , 1 - 243 , pls . a - j , l - q , 1 - 55 , circ . table 2 . ( j . m\u00fcller et co . , lugduni batavorum [ = leyden ] ) .\nrathbun , m . j . , 1926 . , the fossil stalk - eyed crustacea of the pacific slope of north america . united states national museum bulletin , 138 : i - viii , 1 - 155 .\nvia , l . , 1959 . , dec\u00e1podos f\u00f3siles del eoceno espa\u00f1ol . bolet\u00edn del instituto geol\u00f3gico y minero de espa\u00f1a , 70 : 1 - 72 .\nartal , p . & onetti , a . , 2017 . tavernolesia , new genus ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura ) , from the eocene of the iberian peninsula . batalleria , 24 , 6 - 12 .\n? - ilerdian ( lower ypresian [ lower eocene ] ) - isabena zone , huesca , aragon .\nschweitzer , carrie e . & feldmann , rodney new species of calappid crabs from western north america and reconsideration of the calappidae sensu lato . journal of paleontology : vol . 74 , no . 2 , pp . 230 - 246 .\n? aethridae - santee lms . fm . , eocene - south carloina , usa\nmaury , c . j . , , 1930 , o cretaceo da parahyba do norte . ministerio da agricultura , industria e commercio , servi\u00e7o geologico e mineralogico do brasil , monographia , 8 : 1 - 305 .\n? aethridae - lutetian ( middle eocene ) - chiampo valley , vicenza region , italy .\nbeschin , c . , busulini , a . , de angeli , a . & tessier , g . , 1994 , i crostacei eoceninci della cava\nboschetto\ndi nogarole vicenttino ( vicenza - italia settentrionale ) . lavori - soc . ven . sc . nat - vol . 19 , pp . 159 - 215 , venezia , 31 gennaio 1994\nbittner a . , 1875 , die brachyuren des vicentinischen terti\u00e4rgerbirges . denkschr . k . akad . wiss . , wien , 34 : 63 - 106 .\n? aethridae - collb\u00e0s fm . , bartonian ( upper eocene ) - conca d ' \u00f2dena , anoia , catalonia .\nde angeli , a . , beschin , c . , 1999 . i crostacei matutinae ( brachyura , calappidae ) delleocene del veneto ( italia settentrionale ) . studi e ricerche , pp 11 - 22 1999\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nparent taxon : heterotremata according to c . e . schweitzer et al . 2010\nsee also fraaye and collins 1987 , tiwari et al . 1997 and todd and collins 2005\ndatabase contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsave my name , email , and website in this browser for the next time i comment .\nchaloklum diving , 25 / 29 - 30 moo 7 , chaloklum village , koh phangan , suratthani 84280 . thailand .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 85fcc08a - 0539 - 44be - 9692 - cf273716f8a7\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 0654b9d2 - e4b4 - 4e49 - ae73 - 520d8c1d839f\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 547390\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country ."]}
{"id": 1853, "summary": [{"text": "hilarographa soleana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found on seram in indonesia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 17.5 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the ground colour of the forewings is creamish , slightly mixed with orange in the form of lines extending from the dorsum .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are brownish with a broad , dark brown apical third . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "hilarographa soleana", "paragraphs": ["soleana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : indonesia , seram , operation releigh . holotype : bmnh . male .\n126 . ficus superba var . henneana 127 . ficus superba var henneana 128 . floceana 129 . floreana 130 . forteana 131 . francesco marino di teana 132 . fritillaria raddeana 133 . gaeana 134 . galbulimima belgraveana 135 . galeana 136 . galeandra stangeana 137 . galleria cereana 138 . geana 139 . gomphrena haageana 140 . grevillea guthrieana 141 . hakea maconochieana 142 . hakea macraeana 143 . hauya heydeana 144 . heleana 145 . heliconia burleana 146 . heliconia schiedeana 147 . helminthoglypta mohaveana 148 . hermenegildo galeana 149 . hernandia drakeana 150 . hilarographa soleana\ndulciana meyrick , in wagner , 1913 ( hilarographa ) , lepid . cat . ( 13 ) : 24 . no type\nbryonota meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 479 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . holotype : bmnh . male .\nburuana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 270 . tl : buru , holotype : bmnh . male .\neriglypta meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 478 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . holotype : bmnh . male .\nmethystis meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 479 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . lectotype : bmnh . male .\nthaliarcha meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 328 . tl : brazil , par . lectotype : bmnh . male .\neuphronica meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 328 . tl : brazil , r trombetas . lectotype : bmnh . male .\niquitosana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 213 . tl : peru , iquitos . holotype : bmnh . male .\nparambae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 215 . tl : ecuador , paramba . holotype : bmnh . male .\nplectanodes meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 480 . tl : peru , ro napo . lectotype : bmnh . male .\nbaliana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 265 . tl : malaysia , bali . holotype : bmnh . male .\ncharagnotorna razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 210 . tl : bolivia , cuatro ojos . holotype : bmnh . male .\nperakana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 265 . tl : malaysia , perak . holotype : bmnh . female .\nxanthotoxa meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 329 . tl : brazil , amazonas , teffe . holotype : bmnh . male .\nbelizeae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 215 . tl : belize , upper raspacula valley . holotype : bmnh . male .\nmariannae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 212 . tl : brazil , parana , castro . holotype : bmnh . male .\ntemburonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : brunei , ulu temburong . holotype : bmnh . male .\nuluana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : brunei , ulu temburong . holotype : bmnh . male .\nbellica meyrick , 1912 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 1 : 37 . tl : suriname , dutch guiana ( paramaribo ) . holotype : bmnh . male .\nhainanica razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : china , hainan , porten . holotype : bmnh . male .\njohnibradleyi razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : thailand , doi suthep pui . holotype : bmnh . male .\nmarangana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : sw . sumatra , marang . holotype : bmnh . male .\nrampayoha razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 271 . tl : brunei , rampayoh r . . holotype : bmnh . male .\nrobinsoni razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 276 . tl : brunei , rampayoh r . . holotype : bmnh . female .\nsipiroca razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 271 . tl : sumatra , utara , sipirok . holotype : bmnh . female .\nancilla razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 266 . tl : india , bombay , castle rock . holotype : bmnh . female .\ncalyx razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 276 . tl : formosa [ taiwan ] , kanshirei . holotype : bmnh . female .\nobinana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : moluccas islands , obi major island . holotype : bmnh . female .\northochrysa meyrick , 1932 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 274 . tl : brazil , santa catarina , neu - bremen . holotype : nhmv . female .\nauroscripta razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : amboyna [ indonesia , maluku islands ] , holotype : bmnh . female .\nkhaoyai razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : thailand , khao yai nat . park . holotype : bmnh . male .\nrenonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 274 . tl : siam , renong , low country forest . holotype : bmnh . male .\nbosavina razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 270 . tl : papua new guinea , southern highlands , bosavi . holotype : bmnh . female .\ncelebesiana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 264 . tl : s . celebes ,\nlow country\n. holotype : bmnh . male .\nhexapeda meyrick , 1913 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 1 : 99 . tl : guyana , british guiana [ guyana ] ( bartica ) . lectotype : bmnh . female .\nmuluana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 273 . tl : sarawak , guanong , mulu nat . park . holotype : bmnh . male .\npahangana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 264 . tl : malaysia , west pahang , genting tea estate . holotype : bmnh . male .\ngentinga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : malaysia , w . pahang , genting tea estate . holotype : bmnh . male .\ntasekia razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : malaysia , perak , tasek , temenggor , sungei halong . holotype : bmnh . male .\nfergussonana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 268 . tl : papua new guinea , d ' entrecasteaux islands , fergusson island . holotype : bmnh . male .\nodontia razowski & wojtusiak , 2011 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 54b : 113 . tl : colombia , western cordillera , tambito forest res . . holotype : mzuj . male .\nmeekana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 266 . tl : papua new guinea , d ' entrecasteaux is . , fergusson island . holotype : bmnh . female .\ncastanea razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 157 . tl : ecuador , prov . pichincha , pacto , r ? o mashpi . holotype : mzuj . male .\nuthaithani razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : w . thailand , uthai thani , huai kha khaeng , khao nang ram . holotype : bmnh . male .\nshehkonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 273 . tl : hong kong , kadoorie agric . research centre , shek kong n . t . . holotype : bmnh . male .\ngunongana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 274 . tl : sarawak , gunong mulu national park , r . g . s . expedition base camp . holotype : bmnh . male .\nabstract : a previous synonimization of thaumatographa walsingham , 1897 with hilarographa is confirmed . the systematic list of the old world species of hilarographini is provided ; embolostoma diakonoff , 1977 and nexosa diakonoff , 1977 are excluded from this tribe . thirty three species of hilarographa zeller , 1877 from the oriental and australian regions are examined of which twenty - nine are described as new : h . pahangana razowski , sp . n . , h . celebesiana razowski , sp . n . , h . baliana razowski sp . n . , h . perakana razowski , sp . n . , h . ancilla razowski sp . n . , h . meekana razowski , sp . n . , h . soleana razowski , sp . n . , h . gentinga razowski , sp . n . , h . johibradleyi razowski , sp . n . , h . fergussonana razowski , sp . n . , h . auroscripta razowski , sp . n . , h . hainanica razowski , sp . n . , h . marangana razowski , sp . n . , h . buruana razowski , sp . n . , h . bosavina razowski , sp . n . , h . sipiroca razowski , sp . n . , h . rampayoha razowski sp . n . , h . uthaithani razowski , sp . n . , h . tasekia razowski , sp . n . , h . emburonga razowski , sp . n . , h . muluana razowski , sp . n . , h . shehkonga razowski , sp . n . , h . gunongana razowski , sp . n . , h . renonga razowski , sp . n . , h . khaoyai razowski sp . n . , h . uluana razowski , sp . n . , h . obinana razowski , sp . n . , h . robinsoni razowski , sp . n . , h . calyx razowski , sp . n . nine new combinations are proposed ( see the list of taxa ) .\npyranthis meyrick , 1907 ( hilarographa ) , proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 32 : 91 . tl : new guinea . new guinea ( st . aignan island ) . holotype : unknown . unknown .\nsepidmarginata razowski & wojtusiak , 2011 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 54b : 112 . tl : colombia , cauca department , western cordillera , pasto - tumaco rd . , cerro cuesbi forest res . , nambi . holotype : mzuj . female .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nbathychtra razowski & pelz , 2005 ( heppnerographa ) , entomol . zeit . 115 : 170 . tl : ecuador , tungurahua province , 20 km e baos , san francisco . holotype : smfl . male .\ncladara diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 33 . tl : indonesia , east borneo , balikpapan , mentavir river . holotype : ncb . female .\ncrocochorista diakonoff , 1983 ( thaumatographa ) , proc . konin . neder . akad . weten . ( c ) 86 ( 4 ) : 479 . tl : indonesia , east java , tengger range , nongkodjadjar , mt . toenggangan . holotype : ncb . male .\ncymatodes diakonoff , 1983 ( thaumatographa ) , proc . konin . neder . akad . weten . ( c ) 86 ( 4 ) : 482 . tl : indonesia , lesser sunda islands ( sumba island , mao marroe ) . holotype : ncb . female .\ndolichosticha diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 32 . tl : indonesia , east java , tengger range , nongkodjadjar . holotype : ncb . female .\ndulcisana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 415 . tl : brazil , amazonas , ega . holotype : bmnh . male .\nexcellens pagenstecher , 1900 ( thaumatographa ) , zoologica 29 : 230 tl : papua new guinea , syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .\ngrapholithana razowski & pelz , 2005 ( heppnerographa ) , entomol . zeit . 115 : 170 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , macas , proano - inapula , crea - domono . holotype : smfl . male .\nmacaria diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 46 . tl : indonesia , west java , gede - panggrango mountains , tjibodas . holotype : ncb . female .\nmesostigmatis diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 42 . tl : taiwan , rantasian . holotype : usnm . male .\noenobapta diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 28 . tl : indonesia , west java , buitenzorg . holotype : ncb . male .\nphlox diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 40 . tl : indonesia , southeast java , mt . smeroe , ranoe daroengan . holotype : ncb . female .\nplurimana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 416 . tl : brazil , amazonas , ega . holotype : bmnh . female .\nquinquestrigana walker , 1866 ( carpocapsa ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 35 : 1796 . tl : brazil , so paulo . holotype : bmnh . male .\nfirmana felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( carpocapsa ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 138 , fig . 10 . tl : brazil . amazonas . holotype : bmnh . female .\nrefluxana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 416 . tl : brazil , rio de janeiro . holotype : bmnh . female .\nribbei zeller , 1877 ( setiostoma ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 189 . tl : panama , chiriqui . holotype : bmnh . female .\nswederiana stoll , in cramer , 1791 ( phalaena ( tortrix ) ) , papillons exotiques s ( suppl . ) : 75 . tl : surinam , holotype : unknown . unknown .\ntrabaena felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( grapholitha ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 138 , fig . 9 . tl : brazil . amazonas . holotype : bmnh . unknown . [ lost ]\ntornoxena diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 50 . tl : indonesia , west java , mt . ged panggrango , tjibodas . holotype : ncb . male .\nundosa diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 45 . tl : new guinea , northwest new guinea ( sorong ) . holotype : ncb . female .\nunless noted , all images on these pages are copyright \u00a9 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .\nsource : shilap revista de lepidopterologia . sep2009 , vol . 37 issue 147 , p261 - 287 . 27p . 68 color photographs .\ncopyright of shilap revista de lepidopterologia is the property of sociedad hispano - luso - americana de lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder ' s express written permission . however , users may print , download , or email articles for individual use . this abstract may be abridged . no warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy . users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract .\nfor access to this entire article and additional high quality information , please check with your college / university library , local public library , or affiliated institution .\nimportant user information : remote access to ebsco ' s databases is permitted to patrons of subscribing institutions accessing from remote locations for personal , non - commercial use . however , remote access to ebsco ' s databases from non - subscribing institutions is not allowed if the purpose of the use is for commercial gain through cost reduction or avoidance for a non - subscribing institution .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more\n101 . drosera roseana 102 . dryandra purdieana 103 . eana 104 . eburneana 105 . ecuato guineana 106 . eilema bueana 107 . eleana 108 . empress of floreana 109 . ephedra breana 110 . erythrina humeana 111 . escobaria aguirreana 112 . estteeana 113 . eucalyptus dalrympleana 114 . eucalyptus kruseana 115 . eucalyptus lansdowneana 116 . eucalyptus seeana 117 . eucosma giganteana 118 . eugenia candolleana 119 . euphorbia bourgeana 120 . euphorbia royleana 121 . eupoecilia kobeana 122 . europeana 123 . eurysacca paleana 124 . fgd - eana 125 . fgd eana\n176 . lewisia sacajaweana 177 . libellula jesseana 178 . litsea leefeana 179 . loveridgeana 180 . lovoa klaineana 181 . macropygia heana 182 . madeana 183 . magnolia schiedeana 184 . magnolia soulangeana 185 . magnolia x soulangeana 186 . maireana 187 . manilkara pleeana 188 . maranta massangeana 189 . margarella whiteana 190 . marina ripa di meana 191 . marino di teana 192 . markea spruceana 193 . marleana 194 . masdevallia barlaeana 195 . masdevallia mooreana 196 . masdevallia rolfeana 197 . meana 198 . medicago noeana 199 . melaleuca buseana 200 . melaleuca howeana\nthe words on encyclo are taken from more than 1 , 000 online wordlists , written by a variety of groups working together to find definitions and keep the lists up to date . in the wordlists you can find meanings and definitions from a number of areas of interest including local authorities , businesses , organisations , charities , social network sites , commercial websites and even private lists made by people as a hobby or to ensure older words no longer in everyday use are not forgotten .\nmany of the saved wordlists which are in the unusual or specialised word lists have been changed or removed as businesses have closed or re - organised in the last eight years and can no longer be found on the internet . these lists of words , definitions and meanings have been saved in our archive and are still available in the search results .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need ."]}
{"id": 1879, "summary": [{"text": "phreatodytes is a genus of beetles in the family noteridae , containing the following species : phreatodytes archaeicus u\u00e9no , 1996 phreatodytes elongatus u\u00e9no , 1996 phreatodytes latiusculus u\u00e9no , 1996 phreatodytes mohrii u\u00e9no , 1996 phreatodytes relictus u\u00e9no , 1957 phreatodytes sublimbatus u\u00e9no , 1996", "topic": 26}], "title": "phreatodytes", "paragraphs": ["the broadened prosternal process , cranial extension of the noterid platform , metafurcal\u2013metacoxal fusion , and swimming adaptations of the hind legs are regarded as synapomorphies of noteridae excluding notomicrus and phreatodytes .\nshape of antennomere i , profemoral excavation , paramedian angle of anterior metacoxal wall ,\nnoterid platform ,\nand the peculiar condition of the intercoxal wall are synapomorphies of noteridae ( excluding phreatodytes ) and notomicrus .\nphreatodytes contains a single subterranean species taken from wells in japan . ueno ( 1957 ) considered it intermediate between the amphizoidae and noteridae , and placed it in a new family , the phreatodytidae . beutel and roughley ( 1987 ) consider it a primitive noterid and a sister group of all remaining noteridae .\nthe following characters are assigned to the ground plan of noteridae excluding phreatodytes : antennomere i short and pseudo - two - segmented , midgular apodeme present , slender prosternal process with acuminate apex , profemoral excavation , protibia without burrowing spur , short protarsomere i , metacoxal\u2013metasternal fusion absent , paramedian angle of the anterior metacoxal wall present , intercoxal wall forming a platform that overrides the furcal origin , noterid platform present but not extended to the metasternum , metafurcal\u2013metacoxal fusion absent , hind legs without swimming adaptations .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsharp ( hydradephaga , coleoptera ) . canadian j . zool . 65 ( 8 ) : 1898 - 1905 .\n1957 . blind aquatic beetles of japan , with some accounts of the fauna of japanese subterranean waters . arch . f . hydrobiol . 53 ( 2 ) : 250 - 296 .\n\u00a9 2018 university of illinois board of trustees . all rights reserved . for permissions information , contact the illinois natural history survey .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nposs\u00e8dent donc les caract\u00e9ristiques ancestrales suivantes : antennom\u00e8re i court et divise en deux pseudo - segments , apod\u00e8me pr\u00e9sent au milieu de la gula , apophyse prosternale mince \u00e0 extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 pointue , excavation prof\u00e9morale , protibia sans \u00e9peron fouisseur , protarsom\u00e8re i court , m\u00e9tacoxa non fusionn\u00e9e au m\u00e9tastemum , angle paramedian \u00e0 la bordure ant\u00e9rieure de la m\u00e9tacoxa , bords internes soud\u00e9s des m\u00e9tacoxas qui forment une plate - forme recouvrant l ' origine furcale , \u00abplate - forme not\u00e9ride\u00bb qui ne s ' \u00e9tend pas jusqu ' au m\u00e9tastemum , absence de fusion m\u00e9tafurcale\u2013m\u00e9tacoxale , pattes post\u00e9rieures non natatoires .\ncredits - computer translations are provided by a combination of our statistical machine translator , google , microsoft , systran and worldlingo .\nwe use cookies to enhance your experience . by continuing to visit this site you agree to our use of cookies . learn more .\nsee legend on each image for information on published source as listed in the catalogue reference list . the authors and publishers are acknowledged for their permission to distribute their illustrations electronically .\nthe orientation of male genitalia in the images is described in relation to their fundamental anatomical position , as recommended by miller & nilsson ( 2003 ; latissimus 17 : 1 - 4 ) .\ndepartment of ecology and environmental science ume\u00e5 university the information on this page was checked on august 3 , 2006 . responsible for this page : anders . nilsson @ urltoken"]}
{"id": 1923, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia rosmarinata is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in france and spain .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae feed on rosmarinus and thymus species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eupithecia rosmarinata", "paragraphs": ["valter jacinto marked\nborboleta noturna / / moth ( eupithecia rosmarinata )\nas trusted on the\neupithecia rosmarinata\npage .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwebsite \u00a9 jim wheeler 2016 - 2018 . nola - x database system \u00a9 jim wheeler 2018 . - sponsored by urltoken & urltoken\nif is associated with an alamy account you ' ll receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password .\nenter your log in email address and we\u0092ll send you a link to reset your password .\nif you want to use this image commercially and we ' ve indicated * that alamy doesn ' t have a release , you might need additional permission from the model , artist , owner , estate , trademark or brand . more information .\nsorry , this image isn ' t available for this licence . please refer to the license restrictions for more information .\non the alamy prints site ( powered by art . com ) choose your frame , the size and finish of your photo .\nenter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more"]}
{"id": 1933, "summary": [{"text": "the jamaican vireo ( vireo modestus ) is a species of bird in the vireonidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is endemic to jamaica .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and heavily degraded former forest . ", "topic": 24}], "title": "jamaican vireo", "paragraphs": ["recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : vireo modestus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ndel hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .\njustification : although this species may have a small range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthe global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' fairly common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\n) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .\nthis bird was singing spontaneously from mid canopy of small trees in secondary forest .\nunseen bird singing from the canopy along the troy trail . second bird counter - singing . sennheiser me66 / k6 and sony pcm - m10 .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nalthough this species may have a small range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nenglish spanish online dictionary term bank , where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nrecording av # 11522 . jamaica : trelawny ; windsor great cave area ( 18 . 35 , - 77 . 65 ) recorded by brian k . schmidt\njamaica : trelawny ; windsor great cave area ( 18 . 35 , - 77 . 65 )"]}
{"id": 1958, "summary": [{"text": "sphaeridium is a genus of beetles in the family hydrophilidae , the water scavenger beetles .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "they occur in europe , and some species have been introduced to north america .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the adults are 4 to 7.5 millimeters long .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they have short antennae with hairy clubs at the tips .", "topic": 19}, {"text": "these beetles live in cow dung .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the adults feed on the dung and other organic matter , but the beetle larvae are predators of the maggots of the flies that breed in the dung , such as the face fly ( musca autumnalis ) .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "two or more sphaeridium beetle species may coexist in one pat , and the larvae may feed on each other .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the female beetle deposits several eggs encased in a cocoon .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "species include : sphaeridium bimaculatum sphaeridium bipunctatum sphaeridium bipustulatum sphaeridium inquinatum sphaeridium lunatum sphaeridium marginatum sphaeridium pellucidum sphaeridium plagiatum sphaeridium punctiforme sphaeridium rubrum sphaeridium ruficolle sphaeridium rufipes sphaeridium scarabaeoides sphaeridium substriatum sphaeridium testudineum sphaeridium vaccarium", "topic": 12}], "title": "sphaeridium", "paragraphs": ["what made you want to look up sphaeridium ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .\npart or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of webster\u2019s dictionary , which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain . the imported definitions may be significantly out of date , and any more recent senses may be completely missing . ( see the entry for sphaeridium in webster\u2019s revised unabridged dictionary , g . & c . merriam , 1913 . )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nthe family is mostly a water - dwelling group , but some species are modified for\nswimming\nin dung , or otherwise living in relatively moist habitats .\na manual of common beetles of eastern north america dillon , elizabeth s . , and dillon , lawrence . 1961 . row , peterson , and company .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nlove words ? you must \u2014 there are over 200 , 000 words in our free online dictionary , but you are looking for one that\u2019s only in the merriam - webster unabridged dictionary .\nthe story of an imaginary word that managed to sneak past our editors and enter the dictionary .\ntake this quiz and discover 12 words for things you didn ' t know had words .\nclick here to support naturespot by making a donation - small or large - your gift is very much appreciated . thank you .\nlength 5 to 7 mm . quite a distinctively marked beetle : the blackish coloured elytra have a dark red blotch and fade to a pale yellow - brown in the rear third .\nfairly frequent in leicestershire and rutland . there were a total of 34 vc55 records for this species up to march 2015 .\nlength 5 . 5 to 7 . 5 mm . a very smooth , blackish dome shaped beetle with pale yellow tips to the lytra and faint reddish blotches on its sides .\nadults feed on the fresh dung of herbivorous animals ; their young are predators of small insect larvae .\nfairly frequent in leicestershire and rutland . there were a total of 32 vc55 records for this species up to march 2015 .\nthis page was last edited on 28 july 2016 , at 16 : 27 .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy .\nthe water scavenger beetles ( hydro\u00adphilidae ) are of oblong or rounded body shape , most of them are small - sized , but there are also very large representatives , e . g . up to 50 mm in the genus hydrophilus . the species in the subfamily hydrophilinae live in water , whereas the representatives of the subfamily sphaeridiinae are usually found on the land in dung or vegetable detritus . a distinguishing feature of the scavenger beetles are their 6 - 9 - membered antennae and the extended maxillar palps , which are designed to perform the normal task of the antenna ( smelling and tasting ) . the antennae in turn are used for respiration . upon surfacing fresh air is passed along the antennae to the elytra , where it is stored . worldwide more than 2000 species have been described , in germany 110 species are found .\nin continuing your browsing of this site , you accept the use of cookies to offer you suitable content and services and realize visits statistics . learn more about cookies .\nto get the picture , please visit : bouyon herv\u00e9 herve . bouyon @ urltoken\nany reuse of one or more photographs on this site is subject to an authorization request from the author . link to the code of intellectual property ( legifrance )\nto get the picture , please visit : fred chevaillot la ville 38520 saint - christophe - en - oisans 09 61 31 24 34 06 51 19 18 32 urltoken e - mail : fred . chevaillot @ urltoken\nthank you for your contribution to the improvement of the inpn . the information submitted has been sent to an expert for verification and correction .\ncorresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years ( 20 years for little - known invertebrates ) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population . for migratory species , the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction .\nthe last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ vertebrates , invertebrates and plants well studied ( rhopalocera , grasshoppers , dragonflies . . . ) ] ;\nthe last reliable observation being older than 20 years , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ poorly known taxa : fungus , many invertebrates . . . ] .\nthis point covers the absence , more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence . this status is based on one or more of the following criteria :\nthis status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual .\nparticular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago ( older disappearances are treated as\nno probable or definite\n) .\nin the state of knowledge , we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department . this is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt .\nwarning : the data available reflects the progression status of knowledge or the availability of the inventories . it should never be considered as comprehensive .\nnational inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr ."]}
{"id": 1962, "summary": [{"text": "agonopterix quadripunctata is a moth of the depressariidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in fennoscandia , estonia , latvia , russia , germany , poland , the czech republic , slovakia , italy and the republic of macedonia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 15 \u2013 18 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing from may to august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on seseli and cnidium species , including cnidium dubium . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "agonopterix quadripunctata", "paragraphs": ["all galleries > > butterflies & moths of sweden > > micro > > depressariidae > 0549 agonopterix quadripunctata 078 . jpg\nredescription of agonopterix selini ( heinemann , 1870 ) with description of agonopterix lessini sp . n . and agonopterix paraselini\nagonopterix kuznetzovi lvovsky , 1983 ; ent . obozr . 62 ( 3 ) : 594\nagonopterix flurii sonderegger , 2013 ; contr . nat . history 21 : ( 1 - 14 )\nagonopterix banatica georgesco , 1965 ; rev . roum . biol . ( zool . ) 10 : 113\nagonopterix dumitrescui georgesco , 1965 ; rev . roum . biol . ( zool . ) 10 : 111\nagonopterix abditella hannemann , 1959 ; dt . ent . z . 6 ( 1 - 3 ) : 40\nagonopterix graecella hannemann , 1976 ; dt . ent . z . 23 ( 4 - 5 ) : 233\nagonopterix inoxiella hannemann , 1959 ; dt . ent . z . 6 ( 1 - 3 ) : 38\nagonopterix ordubadensis hannemann , 1959 ; dt . ent . z . 6 ( 1 - 3 ) : 34\nagonopterix subumbellana hannemann , 1959 ; dt . ent . z . 6 ( 1 - 3 ) : 42\nagonopterix chaetosoma clarke , 1962 ; ent . news 73 : 93 ; tl : japan , hoshu , kii , nati\nagonopterix cluniana huemer & lvovsky , 2000 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo nf 21 ( 3 ) : 135\nagonopterix issikii clarke , 1962 ; ent . news 73 : 96 ; tl : japan , honshu , sinano , tobira\nagonopterix ( subagonopterix ) vietnamella subgen . nov . et spec . nov , of flat moths from south - eastern asia\nagonopterix socerbi sumpich , 2012 ; nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 162 ; tl : slovenia , crni kal - socerb\nagonopterix dierli lvovsky , 2011 ; zoosyst . rossica 20 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : nepal , east khumjung , 3800m\nagonopterix medelichensis buchner , 2015 ; zootaxa 3986 ( 1 ) : 107 ; tl : italy , prov . verona , monte , 300m\nagonopterix mendesi corley , 2002 ; nota lepid . 24 ( 4 ) : 26 ; tl : portugal , algarve , praia de castelejo\nagonopterix heracliana ; karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184 ; [ fe ]\nagonopterix mikkolai lvovsky , 2011 ; zoosyst . rossica 20 ( 1 ) : 151 ; tl : nepal , kathmandu , phulchoki mt . , 1700m\nagonopterix perezi walsingham , [ 1908 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1907 : 957 , pl . 52 , f . 8\nagonopterix paraselini buchner , 2017 ; gortania 38 : 94 ; tl : austria , lower austria , eichkogel near m\u00f6dling , 48\u00b04 . 8n ; 16\u00b016 . 6e\nagonopterix parinkini lvovsky , 2011 ; zoosyst . rossica 20 ( 1 ) : 151 ; tl : nepal , e . bujan , dudh kosi tal , 2900m\n= agonopterix nigrinotella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 26 ; [ nacl ] , # 868 ; [ nhm card ]\nagonopterix ( depressariini ) ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 15 , 9 ; [ nacl ] , 11 ; [ fe ]\nagonopterix bipunctifera ; ridout , 1981 , ins . matsumurana 24 : 32 , pl . 1 , f . 3 , pl . 3 , f . 13 ; [ nhm card ]\nagonopterix takamukui ; ridout , 1981 , ins . matsumurana 24 : 34 , pl . 1 , f . 6 , pl . 3 , f . 14 ; [ nhm card ]\nagonopterix toega hodges , 1974 ; moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 30 , pl . 1 , f . 38 - 40 ; tl : san clemente island , california\nagonopterix l - nigrum ; ridout , 1981 , ins . matsumurana 24 : 32 , pl . 1 , f . 4 , pl . 4 , f . 18 ; [ nhm card ]\nagonopterix sapporensis ; ridout , 1981 , ins . matsumurana 24 : 33 , pl . 1 , f . 5 , pl . 3 , f . 15 - 16 ; [ nhm card ]\nagonopterix hesphoea hodges , 1975 ; j . lep . soc . 29 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : texas , culberson co . , sierra diablo 20 mi . nnw van horn , 6000ft\nagonopterix amyrisella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 42 ; [ nacl ] , # 898 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix psoraliella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 39 ; [ nacl ] , # 891 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix caucasiella karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 ; nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 180 ; tl : russia , caucasus , 44\u00b009 ' n , 40\u00b004 ' e , majkop , 1300m\nagonopterix cinerariae walsingham , [ 1908 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1907 : 955 , pl . 52 , f . 7 ; tl : tenerife , arafo ; barranco lorez , near orotava\nagonopterix dammersi clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 4 , f . 1 - 1a , 8 ; tl : forest home , san bernardino co . , california\nagonopterix chrautis hodges , 1974 ; moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 28 , f . 2d - e , h , pl . 1 , f . 33 ; tl : jemez springs , new mexico\nagonopterix paulae harrison , 2005 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 107 ( 1 ) : 164 ; tl : illinois , piatt co . , univ . of illinois - robert allerton park , lost garden trail\nagonopterix thelmae clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 96 , pl . 44 , f . 259 ; tl : oak station , allegheny co . , pennsylvania\nagonopterix oregonensis clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 65 , pl . 31 , f . 176 , pl . 42 , f . 241 ; tl : salem , oregon\nagonopterix cajonensis clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 82 , pl . 31 , f . 180 , pl . 42 , f . 244 ; tl : cajon valley , california\nagonopterix amissella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 39 , pl . 2 , f . 27 ; [ nacl ] , # 890 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix arnicella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 33 , pl . 2 , f . 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 879 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix clarkei ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 24 , pl . 1 , f . 19 ; [ nacl ] , # 863 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix clemensella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 24 , pl . 1 , f . 18 ; [ nacl ] , # 862 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix costimacula ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 39 ; harrison & berenbaum , 2005 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 107 ( 1 ) : 164 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix gelidella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 20 , pl . 1 , f . 4 ; [ nacl ] , # 855 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix hyperella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 22 , pl . 1 , f . 5 ; [ nacl ] , # 856 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix latipalpella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 42 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; [ nacl ] , # 897 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix lecontella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 37 , pl . 2 , f . 35 ; [ nacl ] , # 886 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix muricolorella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 23 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; [ nacl ] , # 860 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix pergandeella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 38 , pl . 2 , f . 41 ; [ nacl ] , # 888 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix senicionella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 34 , pl . 2 , f . 6 ; [ nacl ] , # 881 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix walsinghamella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 27 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; [ nacl ] , # 869 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix nervosa ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 41 , pl . 2 , f . 42 - 47 ; [ nacl ] , # 895 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]\nagonopterix curvilineella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 23 , pl . 1 , f . 11 - 12 ; [ nacl ] , # 859 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix dimorphella clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 97 , pl . 31 , f . 179 , pl . 40 , f . 229 ; tl : henry , putnam co . , illinois\nagonopterix eupatoriiella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 25 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 25 ; [ nacl ] , # 866 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix flavicomella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 34 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5 ; [ nacl ] , # 880 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix fusciterminella clarke , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 90 ( 3107 ) : 80 , pl . 28 , f . 167 , pl . 44 , f . 258 ; tl : dunca , vancouver island , british columbia\nagonopterix lythrella ; [ nacl ] , # 857 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 22 , pl . 1 , f . 6 - 8 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix nebulosa ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 40 , pl . 2 , f . 25 - 26 ; [ nacl ] , # 894 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix nigrinotella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 26 , pl . 2 , f . 13 - 15 ; [ nacl ] , # 868 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix nubiferella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 23 , pl . 1 , f . 9 - 10 ; [ nacl ] , # 858 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix posticella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 41 , pl . 3 , f . 1 - 3 ; [ nacl ] , # 896 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix pteleae ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 25 , pl . 1 , f . 22 - 23 ; [ nacl ] , # 865 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix pulvipennella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 26 , pl . 1 , f . 26 - 29 ; [ nacl ] , # 867 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix robiniella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 34 , pl . 2 , f . 29 - 33 ; [ nacl ] , # 882 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix rosaciliella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 32 , pl . 1 , f . 41 - 45 ; [ nacl ] , # 876 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix sabulella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 29 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 35 ; [ nacl ] , # 872 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix sanguinella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 37 , pl . 2 , f . 11 - 12 ; [ nacl ] , # 885 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix jezonica ; kuroko , 1959 , 35 ; [ nhm , ( nom nud . ) card ] ; ridout , 1981 , ins . matsumurana 24 : 34 , pl . 2 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 4 , f . 17\nagonopterix ciliella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 32 , pl . 1 , f . 46 ; [ nacl ] , # 877 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]\nagonopterix cratia hodges , 1974 ; moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 35 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : walnut canyon , 6500 ' , 6 1 / 3 mi e by s . flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nagonopterix argillacea ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 38 , pl . 2 , f . 8 - 10 , 16 , 28 ; [ nacl ] , # 889 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix atrodorsella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 25 , f . 1a , pl . 1 , f . 20 - 21 ; [ nacl ] , # 864 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix canadensis ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 33 , pl . 1 , f . 47 , pl . 2 , f . 1 - 3 ; [ nacl ] , # 878 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix cajonensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 28 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 29 , pl . 1 , f . 37 ; [ nacl ] , # 874 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix dammersi ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 43 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 29 , pl . 1 , f . 36 ; [ nacl ] , # 873 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix antennariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 15 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 40 , pl . 2 , f . 22 - 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 893 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix dimorphella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 47 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 38 , pl . 2 , f . 38 - 40 ; [ nacl ] , # 887 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix oregonensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 103 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 24 , pl . 1 , f . 14 - 17 ; [ nacl ] , # 861 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix thelmae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 137 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 37 , pl . 2 , f . 36 - 37 ; [ nacl ] , # 884 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nagonopterix fusciterminella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 60 ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 27 , f . 2a - b , g , pl . 1 , f . 31 - 32 ; [ nacl ] , # 870 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\n2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by dr . alexander lvovsky\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 15 ; [ nacl ] , 11 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ afromoths ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 15\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 15 ; [ nacl ] , 11 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\n312x662 ( ~ 85kb ) russia , moscow area , 26 . 4 . 2008 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\nthe exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .\ndepressaria abjectella christoph , 1882 ; bull . soc . imp . nat . moscou 57 ( 1 ) : 16 ; tl : wladiwostok\ndepressaria acerbella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 564 ; tl : cape\nacuta stringer , 1930 \u00b2 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 6 ( 34 ) : 416\ndepressaria agyrella rebel , 1917 ; dt . ent . z . iris 30 : 193 ; tl : r . agyr [ ? ] , tannuola\nlarva on conium , conium maculatum berenbaum & passoa , 1983 , j . lep . soc . 37 ( 1 ) : 38\ndepressaria amissella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 9 ( 1 - 4 ) : 89 ; tl : kissimmee , florida\nlarva on amyris floridana hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 42\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 40 ; [ nacl ] , # 893 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on antennaria luzuloides hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 40\ndepressaria anticella erschoff , [ 1877 ] ; horae soc . ent . ross . 12 ( 4 ) : 344 ; tl : irkutsk\naperta hannemann , 1959 ; dt . ent . z . 6 ( 1 - 3 ) : 43\ndepressaria archangelicella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 131 ; tl : kasakewitsch\n669x637 ( ~ 88kb ) russia , moscow area , 11 . 9 . 2010 ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\ncalifornia - british columbia , manitoba , ontario , new brunswick , nova scotia , michigan , south dakota , illinois , texas , florida , utah . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 38 ; [ nacl ] , # 889 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on salix lasiolepis , s . bebbiana , amorpha fruticosa , ptelea trifoliata hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 39\ndepressaria arnicella walsingham , 1881 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1881 : 314 , pl . 36 , f . 3 ; tl : mt . shasta , california\nlarva on erigeron hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 34\ns . quebec , ontario , wisconsin , n . illinois . see [ maps ]\ndepressaria atrodorsella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 124 ; tl : [ pennsylvania ? ]\nlarva on eupatorium spp . , coreopsis spp . , bidens frondosa , myrica asplenifolia hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 25\nbabaella amsel , 1972 \u00b2 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 31 : 136\nagonopteryx bakriella amsel , 1958 ; sber . \u00f6st . akad . wiss . ( 1 ) 167 : 559 ; tl : deh bakri , prov . kirman , iran\ndepressaria baleni zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 253 ; tl : bogota\ndepressaria bipunctifera matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1089 ; tl : japan , sapporo\ndepressaria cadurciella chr\u00e9tien , 1914 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1914 : 159 ; tl : causse de gramat\nconnecticut , new york , manitoba , s . british columbia - colorado , washington - california , utah , arizona . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 33 ; [ nacl ] , # 878 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on senecio terra hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 33\ncanuflavella ( hannemann , 1953 ) ( agonopteryx ) ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 29 : 292\ndepressaria caprella stainton , 1849 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 5 : 157 , pl . 17 , f . 9 ; tl : near lewes\ntinea carduella h\u00fcbner , [ 1817 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 8 ] : pl . 66 , f . 439\nlarva on heracleum mantegazzianum karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 181\ndepressaria cervariella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 251 , pl . 10 , f . 13\ndepressaria chironiella constant , 1893 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 62 : 392 , pl . 11 , f . 4\nalberta - to ( new mexico , california , alberta ) . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 32 ; [ nacl ] , # 877 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on angelica silvestris , a . archangelica , peucedanum palustre , selinum , sium , cicuta , pimpinella saxifraga , seseli , heracleum , ligusticum , carum\nlarva on senecio populifolius , s . heritieri walsingham , [ 1908 ] , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1907 : 956\nagonopteryx [ sic ] clarkei keifer , 1936 ; bull . south calif . acad . sci . 35 : 10 , pl . 4 , pl . 7 , f . 6 ; tl : missouri flat , placerville district , california\nlarva on artermisia vulgaris hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 25\ns . quebec , s . ontario , wisconsin , illinois , ohio . see [ maps ]\ngelechia clemensella chambers , 1876 ; can . ent . 8 ( 9 ) : 173 ; tl : easton , pennsylvania\nlarva on pastinaca sativa hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 24 , heracleum mantegazzianum karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184\nhaemylis cnicella treitschke , 1832 ; in ochsenheimer , schmett . eur . 9 ( 1 ) : 237\ndepressaria coenosella zerny , 1940 ; zs . wiener entver . 25 ( schlu\u00df ) : 45 , pl . 11 , f . 14 \u2642 ; tl : pelur ( 2000m ) ; rehde - demawend\ndepressaria comitella lederer , 1855 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 5 : 232 , pl . 5 , f . 5\ndepressaria communis meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 288 ; tl : cape colony , table mtn\ndepressaria compacta meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 249 ; tl : cape colony , capetown\nlarva on salix , ( wide leafed ) s . caprea , s . aurita , s . cinerea , s . repens\ndepressaria crassiventrella rebel , 1891 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 41 : 627\ndepressaria crypsicosma meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 287 ; tl : cape colony , table mountain , 2500ft\ncuillerella amsel , 1972 \u00b2 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 31 : 137\ne . ontario , manitoba , massachusetts , new york - south carolina . see [ maps ]\ndepressaria curvilineella beutenm\u00fcller , 1889 ; ent . amer . 5 : 10 ; tl : new york\ndepressaria cyclas meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 166 ; tl : dalhousie , kashmir\ncynarivora meyrick , 1932 \u00b2 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 8 - 9 ) : 280\ndepressaria cyrniella rebel , 1929 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 79 : 45\nlarva on senecio douglasii , eriophyllum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 29\nagonopteryx demissella hannemann , 1958 ; dt . ent . z . 5 1 : 456\ndeliciosella turati , 1924 \u00b2 ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 63 : 174 , pl . 5 , f . 61\ndeltopa meyrick & caradja , 1935 \u00b2 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 80\ndideganella amsel , 1972 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 31 : 136 , pl . 1 , f . 3\nsouth carolina , illinois , e . nebraska , kansas , arkansas . see [ maps ]\nlarva on amorpha fruticosa hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 38\ndepressaria divergella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 128 ; tl : tjutjuje\ndepressaria dryocrates meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 100 ; tl : natal , kirkloof\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 15 ; [ nhm card ]\nelbursella hannemann , 1976 ; dt . ent . z . 23 ( 4 - 5 ) : 234\ndepressaria encentra meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 8 ) : 252 ; tl : japan\ndepressaria epichersa meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 8 ) : 253 ; tl : china , ta - tsien - lon\npennsylvania , illinois , north carolina , kentucky , maryland . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 25 ; [ nacl ] , # 866 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on eupatorium , actinomeris alternifolia , carya ovata hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 26\ndepressaria erythrella snellen , 1884 ; tijdschr . ent . 27 : 161 , pl . 8 , f . 7 , 7a ; tl :\nchanka - meer\n; suifun\ndepressaria exquisitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 132 ; tl : kasakewitsch\nfarsensis hannemann , 1958 ; dt . ent . z . 5 1 : 457\ndepressaria ( schistodepressaria ) ferocella chr\u00e9tien , 1910 ; schmett . eur . 2 : 340\nlarva on cirsium ferox spuler , 1910 , schmett . eur . 2 : 340\nconnecticut , s . manitoba , north carolina , indiana , illinois . see [ maps ]\ndepressaria flavicomella engel , 1907 ; ent . news 18 ( 7 ) : 276 ; tl : new brighton , pennsylvania\nlarva on heracleum lanatum , taenidia integerrima hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 34\nlarva on bupleurum fruticosum walsingham , 1903 , ent . mon . mag . 39 : 267\nhungary , dalmatia , asia minor , . . . . see [ maps ]\nlarva on senecio aronicoides , cacaliopsis nardosmia hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 28\ndepressaria fuscovenella rebel , 1917 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 67 ( s . b . ) : 18 ; tl : ain draham , tunis\ngalbella hannemann , 1959 ; dt . ent . z . 6 ( 1 - 3 ) : 36\ndepressaria gelidella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 9 ( 1 - 4 ) : 90 ; tl : winnipeg , manitoba , canada\nlarva on salix , betula papyrifera hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 22\ndepressaria glabrella turati , 1921 ; naturalista sicil . 23 ( 7 - 12 ) : 338 , pl . 4 , f . 45 ; tl : tangier , morocco\ndepressaria glyphidopa meyrick , 1928 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 14 - 15 ) : 475 ; tl : natal , weenen\ndepressaria grammatopa meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 287 ; tl : cape colony , table mountain , 2500ft\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184 ; [ fe ]\n= ; karsholt , lvovsky & nielsen , 2006 , nota lepid . 28 ( 3 / 4 ) : 184\ndepressaria homogenes meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 288 ; tl : cape colony , gt . winthoek , 4500ft\ndepressaria hypomarathri [ = hippomarathri ] nickerl , 1864 ; wiener ent . monat . 8 ( 1 ) : 3 , pl . 5 , f . 8\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 22 ; [ nacl ] , # 856 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on hypericum prolificum , h . perforatum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 22\ndepressaria conterminella var . atrella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 131 ; tl : kasakewitsch\ndepressaria iliensis rebel , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 96\nintersecta filipjev , 1929 \u00b2 ; ann . mus . zool . leningrad 30 : 11 , pl . 1 , f . 10 , pl . 2a , f . 2\ninvenustella ( hannemann , 1953 ) ( agonopteryx ) ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 29 : 293\ndepressaria lacteella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 130 ; tl : kasakewitsch\nagonopteryx [ sic ] latipalpella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 233 ; tl : san benito , texas\nlatipennella zerny , 1934 \u00b2 ; dt . ent . z . iris 48 : 24 , pl . 1 , f . 8\ndepressaria lecontella clemens , 1860 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 12 : 174\nlarva on baptisia tinctoria hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 38\ncroatia , france , greece , italy , slovenia , turkey . see [ maps ]\ndepressaria leucadensis rebel , 1932 ; zs . \u00f6st . entver 17 ( 8 ) : 55 ; tl : greece\ndepressaria l - nigrum matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1091 ; tl : japan , sapporo\nnova scotia , new brunswick , ontario , illinois , north carolina . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 22 ; [ nacl ] , # 857 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on lythrum alatum , hypericum punctatum , h . virginicum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 23\nastria , italy , slovakia , hungary , greece , . see [ maps ]\ndepressaria melanarcha meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 316 ; tl : barberton\nlarva on centaurea sphaerocephala corley , 2002 , nota lepid . 24 ( 4 ) : 26\nmetamelopa meyrick , 1931 \u00b2 ; bull . acad . roum . 14 : 72\nmiyanella amsel , 1972 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 31 : 136 , pl . 1 , f . 1\nmonotona caradja , 1927 \u00b2 ; mem . sect . stiint . acad . rom . 4 ( 8 ) : 33\ndepressaria muricolorella busck , 1902 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 24 ( 1268 ) : 741 ; tl : golden , colorado\nlarva on lomatium macrocarpum , l . grayi , leptotaenia multifida hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 24\ndepressaria nanatella stainton , 1849 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 5 : 154 , pl . 17 , f . 2 ; tl : charlton sand - pit\ndepressaria aridella mann , 1869 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 19 : 385 ; tl : brussa ; spalato\ndepressaria nebulosa zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 237 ; tl : cambridge , massachusetts\nlarva on antennaria plantaginifolia hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 40\ndepressaria neoxesta meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 31 ; tl : zululand , eshowe\nbritish columbia - california , nevada , . . . , eu , . . . , ? . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 41 ; [ nacl ] , # 895 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 41 ; [ nacl ] , # 895 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on ulex europaeus , cytisus scoparius , laburnum , genista hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 41\nnew york , s . quebec , s . ontario , nw . wisconsin , arkansas . see [ maps ]\ndepressaria nigrinotella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 9 ( 1 - 4 ) : 88 ; tl : cincinnati , ohio\nlarva on carya , ptelea trifoliata , zanthoxylum americanum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 27\ndepressaria nodiflorella milli\u00e8re , 1866 ; icon . desc . chenilles lepid . 2 : 214 , pl . 73 , f . 8 - 11\ndepressaria nubiferella walsingham , 1881 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1881 : 316 , pl . 36 , f . 6 ; tl : rogue river , oregon\nlarva on hypericum perforatum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 23\ndepressaria nyctalopis meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 621 ; tl : comoro is . , grand comoro\ndepressaria occaecata meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 391 ; tl : syria , beirut\nlarva on salix , s . repens , ( middle europe also ) betula , quercus\ndepressaria oinochroa turati , 1879 ; bull . soc . ent . ital . 11 : 200 , pl . 8 , f . 13\nomelkoi lvovsky , 1985 ; trudy zool . inst . leningr . 134 : 97\nlarva on lomatium caruifolium , l . marginatum , l . nudicaule , l . utriculatum , angelica hendersonii , a . lucida , eryngium vaseyi , oenanthe sarmentosa , sanicula bipinnatifida , sanicula laciniata , s . nevadensis , s . tuberosa hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 24\npallidior stringer , 1930 \u00b2 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 6 ( 34 ) : 417\npanjaoella amsel , 1972 \u00b2 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 31 : 137\naustria , france , germany , slowenia , switzerland , turkey . see [ maps ]\nlarva on zanthoxylum americanum harrison & berenbaum , 2005 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 107 ( 1 ) : 166\ndepressaria pavida meyrick , 1913 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 4 ) : 114 ; tl : asia minor , taurus mts\ndepressaria pergandeella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 9 ( 1 - 4 ) : 89 ; tl : nebraska\ndepressaria petasitis standfuss , 1851 ; zs . ent . breslau ( lepid . ) ( 16 ) : 51\nsyllochitis petraea meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 2 ) : 462 ; tl : maskeliya , madulsima , matale , wellawaya , kegalle , puttalam , ceylon\ndepressaria posticella walsingham , 1881 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1881 : 315 , pl . 36 , f . 5 ; tl : lake co . ; mendocino co . , california , s . oregon\nlarva on psoralea physodes , p . macrostachya , p . tenuiflora hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 42\nprobella ( hannemann , 1953 ) ( agonopteryx ) ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 29 : 292\npseudorutana turati , 1934 \u00b2 ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 73 : 201 , pl . 3 , f . 26\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 39 ; [ nacl ] , # 891 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on psoralea lanceolata , p . physodes hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 40\nagonopteryx [ sic ] pteleae barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 231 , pl . 28 , f . 13 , pl . 38 , f . 1 ; tl : decatur , illinois\nlarva on ptelea trifoliata hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 25\nnew hampshire , s . manitoba , missouri , lousiana , colorado . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 26 ; [ nacl ] , # 867 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on solidago , urtica hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 26\ndepressaria pupillana wocke , 1887 ; bresl . ent . z . 12 : 62\nceu , seu , asia minor , iran , palestine . see [ maps ]\ndepressaria remota meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : palestine , haifa\ndepressaria rimulella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 128 ; tl : kasakewitsch\nrhododrosa meyrick , 1934 \u00b2 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 476\nrhodogastra meyrick , 1935 \u00b2 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 80\nnova scotia , s . michigan , na . georgia , w . arkansas . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 34 ; [ nacl ] , # 882 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on robinia pseudoacacia hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 35\nalaska , w . saskatchewan - washington - california , arizona . see [ maps ]\n: skyline ridge , 2500 - 3000 ' , mt baker district , whatcom co . , washington\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 32 ; [ nacl ] , # 876 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on angelica arguta , a . hendersonii , conioselinum chinense , ligusticum apiifolium , oenanthe sarmentosa , osmorhiza chilensis , osmorhiza occidentalis , echinopanax horridum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 32\nroseocaudella stringer , 1930 \u00b2 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 6 ( 34 ) : 417\nagonopteryx rubristricta walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 136 , pl . 4 , f . 31 ; tl : guatemala , totonicapam , 8500 - 10500ft\nrubrovittella caradja , 1926 \u00b2 ; dt . ent . z . iris 40 : 168\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 29 ; [ nacl ] , # 872 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on eriophyllum confertiflorum , e . lanatum , eriophyllum stachaediflorum hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 29\nsalangella amsel , 1972 \u00b2 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . s\u00fcdwdtl . 31 : 137 , pl . 1 , f . 5\ndepressaria sanguinella busck , 1902 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 24 ( 1268 ) : 738 ; tl : pinal mts . , arizona\nlarva on robinia neoxmexicana hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 37\ndepressaria sapporensis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1092 ; tl : japan , sapporo\nscopariella calycotomella ( amsel , 1958 ) ( depressaria ) ; zs . wiener ent . ges . 43 ( schlu\u00df ) : 73\naustria , croatia , finland , france , germany , greece , hungary , italy , romania , slovakia , slovenia , spain , turkey . see [ maps ]\ndepressaria selini heinemann , 1870 ; schmett . dtl . scweitz . ( 2 ) 3 : 167\nlarva on peucedanum palustre , p . oreoselinum , selinum carvifolium , ligusticum lucidum buchner , 2017 , gortania 38 : 81\ndepressaria senicionella busck , 1902 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 24 ( 1268 ) : 742 ; tl : district of columbia\nlarva on senecio aureus hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 34\ndepressaria septicella snellen , 1884 ; tijdschr . ent . 27 : 162 , pl . 8 , f . 8 ; tl : chabarowska\ndepressaria seraphimella chr\u00e9tien , 1929 ; amat . papillons 4 : 194 , pl . 5 , f . 9\ndepressaria silerella stainton , 1865 ; ent . mon . mag . 1 : 221\nlarva on siler aquilegifolium stainton , 1865 , ent . mon . mag . 1 : 222\ndepressaria squamosa mann , 1864 ; wien . ent . mon . 8 ( 6 ) : 185 , pl . 4 , f . 13\ndepressaria stigmella moore , 1878 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 237 ; tl : yangihissar ( 4320ft ) , kashgar\ndepressaria straminella staudinger , 1859 ; stettin ent . ztg 20 ( 7 - 9 ) : 238 ; tl : chiclana\nnaf , seu , ceu , asia minor , syria . see [ maps ]\nsutschanella caradja , 1926 \u00b2 ; dt . ent . z . iris 40 : 43\ntabghaella amsel , 1953 \u00b2 ; mitt . zool . mus . berlin 20 : 294 , pl . 10 , f . 69\ndepressaria takamukui matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1902 ; tl : japan , chikugo\ndepressaria thurneri rebel , 1941 ; isv . tsarsk . prirodonauch . inst . sofia 14 : 7\nlarva on sanicula hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 30\ntolli hannemann , 1959 ; dt . ent . z . 6 ( 1 - 3 ) : 37\ntriallactis meyrick , 1935 \u00b2 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 594\ndepressaria trimenella walsingham , 1881 ; trans . ent . soc . 1881 ( 2 ) : 251 , pl . 11 , f . 19 ; tl : spring valley\ndepressaria tschorbadjiewi rebel , 1916 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 66 : 45 ; tl : burgas\nvasta amsel , 1935 \u00b2 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 20 ( 2 ) : 294 , pl . 10 , f . 58\nnova scotia , s . quebec , s . ontario , wisconsin , connecticut , new york , pennsylvania . see [ maps ]\n= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 27 ; [ nacl ] , # 869 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nlarva on myrica aspleniifolia , m . gale , l . pensylvanica hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 27\nxylinopis caradja , 1931 \u00b2 ; bull . acad . roum . 14 : 14\nn . africa , canary is . , seu , . . . . see [ maps ]\ncryptolechia eoa meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 165 ; tl : khasis\nleptopa ( diakonoff , 1952 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; ark . zool . ( 2 ) 3 ( 6 ) : 84\nmalaisei ( diakonoff , 1952 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; ark . zool . ( 2 ) 3 ( 6 ) : 86\ntinea deplanella h\u00fcbner , [ 1805 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 8 ] : f . 274\ndepressaria furvella f . jezonica matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1090 ; tl : japan , saghalin\ntinea rubidella h\u00fcbner , 1796 ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 8 ] : pl . 32 , f . 221\ndepressaria urzhumella krulikowsky , 1909 ; dt . ent . z . iris 21 ( 4 ) : 266 ; tl : kasan\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ spl ] varis , v . ( ed ) , ahola , m . , albrecht , a . , jalava , j . , kaila , l . , kerppola , s . , kullberg , j . , 1995\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nergebnisse der \u00f6sterreichischen iran - expedition 1949 / 50 . lepidoptera ii . ( microlepidoptera )\nicones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae\nthe natural history of british insects ; explaining them in their several states . . . with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope\ngenera insectorum eorumque characters naturales secundum numerum , figuram , situm et proportionem . . .\nspecies insectorum exhibentes eorum differentia specifica , synonyma auctorum , loca natalia , metamorphosin adiectis , observationibus , descriptionibus . tom ii\nneuere beitr\u00e4ge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur . ( 17 - 32 )\nlepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 6 . 2 . gelechioidea , oecophoridae\n) in the caucasus , with a discussion of the nomenclature of a . heracliana ( linnaeus )\nsystema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition\nsystema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , . . . . editio duocecima reformata . tom . 1 . part ii .\nlepidoptern gesammelt w\u00e4hrend dreier reisen nach dalmatien in den jahren 1850 . 1862 und 1868\ndescriptions of lepidopterous insects collected the late dr . f . stoliczka during the indian - government mission to yarkund in 1873\nmicrol\u00e9pidop\u00e8res de la haute syrie , r\u00e9colt\u00e9s par m . ch . delagrange , et , et descriptions de 27 esp\u00e8ces nouvelles\nzerny , 1940 mikrolepidopteren aus dem elburs - gebirge in nord - iran zs . wiener entver . 25 : 20 - 24 , ( schlu\u00df ) : 42 - 48\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwebsite \u00a9 jim wheeler 2016 - 2018 . nola - x database system \u00a9 jim wheeler 2018 . - sponsored by urltoken & urltoken\nnikon d300s , nikkor 105mm f / 2 . 8g ed - if af - s vr micro"]}
{"id": 1974, "summary": [{"text": "cryptolechia mataea is a moth in the depressariidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by edward meyrick in 1910 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in southern india .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 15 \u2013 17 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are whitish ochreous yellow and the hindwings are grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "cryptolechia mataea", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for mataea definition . you find here mataea meaning , synonyms of mataea and images for mataea copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word mataea . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word mataea and , of course , mataea synonyms and on the right images related to the word mataea .\nleptosaces mataea meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 156 ; tl : cuddapah , 4000ft\ncryptolechia castella zeller , 1852 ; k . vetenskakad . handl . 1852 : 107\ncryptolechia pelophaea meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 6 ) : 192\ncryptolechia straminella zeller , 1852 ; k . vetenskakad . handl . 1852 : 107\ncryptolechia zeloxantha meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 478\ncryptolechia chlorozyga meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 10\ncryptolechia fascirupta ; wang , 2004 , ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 231\ncryptolechia gei ; wang , 2004 , ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 231\ncryptolechia gypsochra meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 10\ncryptolechia hoplostola meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 10\ncryptolechia isomichla meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 11\ncryptolechia prothyropa meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 11\ncryptolechia stadaea meyrick , 1934 ; dt . ent . z . iris 48 : 39\ncryptolechia stictifascia ; wang , 2004 , ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 232\ncryptolechia coriata meyrick , 1914 ; suppl . ent . 3 : 53 ; tl : suisharyo\ncryptolechia fenerata meyrick , 1914 ; suppl . ent . 3 : 53 ; tl : suisharyo\ncryptolechia metacentra meyrick , 1914 ; suppl . ent . 3 : 52 ; tl : kosempo\ncryptolechia mitis meyrick , 1914 ; suppl . ent . 3 : 52 ; tl : kosempo\ncryptolechia epistemon strand , 1920 ; archiv naturg . 84 a ( 12 ) : 194 ; tl : suisharyo\ncryptolechia fatua meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 172 ; tl : java , batavia\ncryptolechia modularis meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 172 ; tl : java , gedeh\ncryptolechia anticrossa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 10 ) : 304 ; tl : queensland\ncryptolechia argometra ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia centroleuca meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : sikkim , darjiling\ncryptolechia chlorozyga ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia coriata ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia epistemon ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia fenerata ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia gypsochra ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia hoplostola ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia isomichla ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia metacentra ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia mitis ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia pelophaea ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia picrocentra meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 395 ; tl : assam , khasis\ncryptolechia prothyropa ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia sperans meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 159 ; tl : mt murud , 4500ft\ncryptolechia stadaea ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia vespertina ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 196\ncryptolechia zeloxantha ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 197\ncryptolechia municipalis meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 316 ; tl : queensland , brisbane\ncryptolechia ? eningiella pl\u00f6tz , 1880 ; stettin ent . ztg 41 ( 7 - 9 ) : 306 ; tl : eningo\ncryptolechia ichnitis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 222 ; tl : french guiana , r maroni\ncryptolechia laica meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 456 ; tl : borneo , kuching\ncryptolechia perversa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 222 ; tl : s . india , ootacamund\ncryptolechia ferrorubella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 757 ; tl : australia\ncryptolechia transfossa meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 318 ; tl : peru , cocapata , 12000ft\ncryptolechia aeraria meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : khasis\ncryptolechia citrodeta meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 394 ; tl : brazil , obidos , r . trombetas\ncryptolechia diplosticha meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 318 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 6000ft\ncryptolechia hemiarthra meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 18 ) : 546 ; tl : s . india , palnis , 7000ft\ncryptolechia iridias meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : khasis\ncryptolechia rhodobapta meyrick , 1923 ; trans . proc . n . z . inst . 54 : 166 ; tl : takapuna , auckland\ncryptolechia temperata meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 165 ; tl : simla\ncryptolechia veniflua meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 8 ) : 227 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft\ncryptolechia vespertina meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 162 ; tl : khasis\ncryptolechia asemanta dognin , 1905 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 49 ( 3 ) : 88 ; tl : loja , ecuador\ncryptolechia semibrunnea dognin , 1905 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 49 ( 3 ) : 88 ; tl : loja , ecuador\ncryptolechia taphrocopa meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 317 ; tl : colombia , mt . tolima , 12500ft\ncryptolechia micracma meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 162 ; tl : ceylon ; khasis\ncryptolechia orthrarcha meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 578 ; tl : algeria , zebch , near sebdu\ncryptolechia tyrochyta meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 164 ; tl : cuddapah , 4000ft\ncryptolechia percnocoma meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 578 ; tl : brazil , nova friburgo , organ mtn\ncryptolechia sciodeta meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 578 ; tl : brazil , nova friburgo , organ mtn\ncryptolechia coriaria meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 173 ; tl : victoria , mt . st . bernard , 5000ft\ncryptolechia holopyrrha meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 704 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft\ncryptolechia alphitias lower , 1923 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 47 : 56 ; tl : dorrigo , new south wales\ncryptolechia cornutivalvata wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 203 , 197 ; tl : quannan ( 24 . 7\u00b0n , 114 . 5\u00b0e ) , jiangxi\ncryptolechia acutiuscula wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 228 ; tl : mt . fanjing ( 27 . 55\u00b0n , 108 . 41\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 1300m\ncryptolechia concaviuscula wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 230 ; tl : chishui co . ( 28 . 34\u00b0n , 105 . 42\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 390m\ncryptolechia deflecta wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 197 ; tl : zhouzhi co . ( 34 . 1\u00b0n , 108 . 2\u00b0e ) , shaanxi , 1350m\ncryptolechia denticulata wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 225 ; tl : chishui co . ( 28 . 34\u00b0n , 105 . 42\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 390m\ncryptolechia fasciculifera wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 229 ; tl : mt . fanjing ( 27 . 55\u00b0n , 108 . 41\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 1390m\ncryptolechia fascirupta wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 204 , 197 ; tl : mt . qingcheng ( 30 . 9\u00b0n , 103 . 5\u00b0e ) , sichuan\ncryptolechia furcellata wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 226 ; tl : mt . fanjing ( 27 . 55\u00b0n , 108 . 41\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 530m\ncryptolechia gei wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 210 , 197 ; tl : mt . qingcheng ( 30 . 9\u00b0n , 103 . 5\u00b0e ) , sichuan\ncryptolechia kangxianensis wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 198 , 197 ; tl : kangxian ( 33 . 4\u00b0n , 105 . 5\u00b0e ) , gansu , 800m\ncryptolechia latifascia wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 227 ; tl : mt . fanjing ( 27 . 55\u00b0n , 108 . 41\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 530m\ncryptolechia solifasciaria wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 223 ; tl : mt . fanjing ( 27 . 55\u00b0n , 108 . 41\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 1390m\ncryptolechia spinifera wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 223 ; tl : chishui co . ( 23 . 34\u00b0n , 105 . 42\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 390m\ncryptolechia varifascirupta wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 211 , 197 ; tl : mt . qingcheng ( 30 . 9\u00b0n , 103 . 5\u00b0e ) , sichuan\ncryptolechia muscosa wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 221 ; tl : xishui co . , ( 28 . 19\u00b0n , 106 . 12\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 1200m\ncryptolechia proximideflecta wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 219 ; tl : xishui co . , ( 28 . 34\u00b0n , 105 . 42\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 1200m\ncryptolechia anthaedeaga wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 209 , 197 ; tl : neixiang co . ( 33 . 0\u00b0n , 111 . 8\u00b0e ) , henan , 1350m\ncryptolechia falsivespertina wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 199 , 198 ; tl : zhouzhi co . ( 34 . 1\u00b0n , 108 . 2\u00b0e ) , shaanxi , 1750m\ncryptolechia jigongshanica wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 207 , 197 ; tl : mt . jigong ( 31 . 8\u00b0n , 114 . 1\u00b0e ) , henan , 700m\ncryptolechia microbyrsa wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 198 , 197 ; tl : neixiang co . ( 33 . 0\u00b0n , 111 . 8\u00b0e ) , henan , 650m\ncryptolechia mirabilis wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 208 , 197 ; tl : mt . jigong ( 31 . 8\u00b0n , 114 . 1\u00b0e ) , henan , 700m\ncryptolechia murcidella christoph , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 12 ( 3 ) : 294 , ( 4 ) pl . 8 , f . 67 ; tl : rubas , derbent\ncryptolechia neargometra wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 202 , 197 ; tl : ningshan co . ( 33 . 3\u00b0n , 108 . 3\u00b0e ) , shaanxi , 880m\ncryptolechia paranthaedeaga wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 203 , 197 ; tl : yushan co . ( 28 . 6\u00b0n , 118 . 2\u00b0e ) , jiangxi , 1120m\ncryptolechia stictifascia wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 206 , 197 ; tl : ningshan co . ( 33 . 3\u00b0n , 108 . 3\u00b0e ) , shaanxi , 880m\ncryptolechia zhengi wang , 2003 ; ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 201 , 197 ; tl : zhouzhi co . ( 34 . 1\u00b0n , 108 . 2\u00b0e ) , shaanxi , 1750m\ncryptolechia hamatilis wang , 2004 ; ent . sinica 11 ( 3 ) : 230 ; tl : huguo temple , mt . fanjing ( 27 . 55\u00b0n , 108 . 41\u00b0e ) , guizhou , 1300m\ncryptolechia hydara walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 123 , pl . 4 , f . 11 ; tl : guatemala , totonicapam , 8500 - 10500ft\n= ; [ nhm card ] ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 195\n= ( hysipelon ) ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 195\nphaeosaces aganopis meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 605 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon\naliena diakonoff , 1952 ; ark . zool . ( 2 ) 3 ( 6 ) : 87\nleptosaces anticentra meyrick , 1910 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 20 ( 1 ) : 155 ; tl : khasis\nargometra meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 567\napiletria bibundella strand , 1913 ; archiv naturgesch . 78 a ( 12 ) : 84 ; tl : bibundi\nleptosaces callixyla meyrick , 1888 ; trans . n . z . inst . 20 : 78 ; tl : whangarei ; nelson\nphaeosaces chrysocoma meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 605 ; tl : pundaly - oya , ceylon\ncoelocrossa meyrick , 1935 \u00b2 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 82\nphaeosaces compsotypa meyrick , 1886 ; trans . n . z . inst . 18 : 172 ; tl : hamilton\nconata strand , 1917 ; arch . naturgesch . 82 a ( 3 ) : 152\neucharistis meyrick , 1931 ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 396\nglischrodes meyrick , 1931 ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 396\nmelaneulia hecate butler , 1883 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1883 ( 1 ) : 70 ; tl : valvidia\nmelaneulia hecate ; clarke , 1978 , smithson . contrl . zool . 273 : 38 , f . 28 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nphaeosaces liochroa meyrick , 1891 ; trans . n . z . inst . 23 : 98 ; tl : new zealand\nmellispersa diakonoff , 1952 ; ark . zool . ( 2 ) 3 ( 6 ) : 87\nphaeosaces orthotoma meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 605 ; tl : peradeniya , ceylon\nbrazil ( rio de janeiro , . . . ) . see [ maps ]\nphaeocausta meyrick , 1934 \u00b2 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 478\neulechria phoebas meyrick , 1907 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 3 ) : 742 ; tl : bhotan , 4500ft\npraevecta meyrick , 1929 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 513\nleptosaces pytinaea meyrick , 1902 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 26 : 157 ; tl : sydney , new south wales\ndepressaria remotella staudinger , 1899 ; naturhist . mus . hamburg 2 ( 6 ) : 111 , f . 27 ; tl : uschuaia\nassam , china ( fujian , sichuan , zhejiang ) , taiwan . see [ maps ]\nsemioscopis viridisignata strand , 1913 ; archiv naturgesch . 78 a ( 12 ) : 83 ; tl : alen\naustralia ( queensland , new south vales , victoria ) . see [ maps ]\nleptosaces schistopa meyrick , 1902 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 26 : 156 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; glen innes ( 3500ft ) , new south wales ; gisborne , victoria\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nh . sauter ' s formosa ausbeute . pterophoridae , tortricidae , eucosmidae , gelechiadae , oecophoridae , cosmopterygidae , hypomeutidae , sesiadae , glyphipterygidae , plutellidae , teneidae , adelidae ( lep . )\nverzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge\nzoologische ergebnisse der expedition des herrn tessmann nach s\u00fcd kamerun und spanisch guinea . lepidoptera . iv\nh . sauter ' s formosa - ausbeute : lithosiinae , nolinae , noctuidae ( p . p . ) , ratardidae , chalcosiidae , sowie nactr\u00e4ge zu den familien drepanidae , limacodidae , gelechiidae , oecophoriidae und heliodinidae\nzeller , 1852 lepidoptera microptera quae j . a . wahlberg in caffrorum terra collegit k . vetenskakad . handl . 1852 : 1 - 120\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\n1 . acostaea 2 . actaea 3 . agesarchus of tritaea 4 . allactaea 5 . antaea 6 . ataea 7 . ataea ataea 8 . banisia myrtaea 9 . battle of plataea 10 . blastaea 11 . btaea 12 . calvactaea 13 . chimantaea 14 . cytaea 15 . epiactaea 16 . genus actaea 17 . gtaea 18 . heteractaea 19 . hortaea 20 . hydrotaea 21 . jattaea 22 . lobiactaea 23 . melitaea 24 . meractaea 25 . meslamtaea\n26 . nabataea 27 . nakataea 28 . narcissus ' actaea 29 . narcissus actaea 30 . notaea 31 . novactaea 32 . ntaea 33 . oetaea 34 . omiodes scotaea 35 . or melitaea 36 . paractaea 37 . patricia taea 38 . plataea 39 . platyactaea 40 . pseudactaea 41 . sampantaea 42 . saritaea 43 . taea 44 . titaea 45 . tripod of plataea 46 . xenocytaea"]}
{"id": 1980, "summary": [{"text": "not bourbon ( foaled in ontario in 2005 ) is a canadian thoroughbred race horse .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "he is owned and bred by charles e. fipke and ridden by jono jones .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "at age two , not bourbon set a new woodbine track record in winning the bull page stakes .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "racing at age three , he won the queenston stakes then upset heavily favored harlem rocker in the plate trial stakes .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "on june 22 , 2008 , not bourbon captured the $ 1 million grade i queen 's plate , edging out the hard-charging filly ginger brew .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "for trainer roger attfield , it was his record-tying eighth win in the canadian classic .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "in the july 13th prince of wales stakes , the second leg of the canadian triple crown series , not bourbon finished sixth after flipping his palate during the race .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "as a result , the colt had to undergo throat surgery .", "topic": 7}, {"text": "for his 2008 performances , not bourbon was voted the sovereign award for champion 3-year-old male horse .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "charles e. fipke , the colt 's breeder , is also the owner of tale of the ekati , who finished 4th after a good trip in the 2008 kentucky derby .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "stud career not bourbon has stood for stud in both 2011 and 2012 at norse ridge farm in king city , ontario canada . ", "topic": 7}], "title": "not bourbon", "paragraphs": ["you\u2019ve probably heard it before : all bourbon is whiskey , but not all whiskey is bourbon . if you\u2019re a whiskey ( and especially bourbon ) drinker , you need to know what that means .\ndrink bourbon however they please . most bourbon distillers and experts also agree that bourbon makes a killer base spirit for all kinds of cocktails . so instead of making someone feel bad about the drinks they like , enjoy your neat glass of bourbon\u2014quietly .\nbourbon can be a contentious issue for drinkers . there are all kinds of \u201c\n\u201cbourbon needs to be produced in america and made from 51 percent corn , and whiskey does not , \u201d says maker\u2019s mark master distiller greg davis . bourbon also needs to be stored in new charred - oak barrels , whereas whiskey barrels do need to be oak but not new or charred . \u201clastly , to be called bourbon , the liquid needs to be distilled to no more than 160 proof and entered into the barrel at 125 . \u201d for other whiskies the liquid must be distilled to no more than 190 proof . david notes that this isn\u2019t just common practice \u2014 \u201cit\u2019s actual bourbon law . \u201d\nit is not common to age american whiskeys in used barrels , \u201d scheurich explains . \u201cmost distillers follow the current trend of making bourbon , rye and wheat whiskeys which require aging in new charred ( white ) oak barrels . boondocks is aged in used bourbon barrels which is unique in today ' s american whiskeys . \u201d\nperhaps the most important rule of all , thou shalt not judge another\u2019s bourbon technique . it can be tempting to preach to someone about how that bourbon , aged for 10 years and christened with the teardrops of angels , shouldn\u2019t be tainted by apple juice or coke\u2014or with anything , for that matter . but the reality is that people\nscheurich has achieved this impressive smoothness by departing from standard bourbon practices in a couple of ways , and these are why it sits in the broader american whiskey category , not bourbon . it\u2019s true it\u2019s about 80 % corn , way above the 51 % minimum , and this is in part what accounts for its easy - drinking smoothness , but there are a couple of additional twists that set it outside the reservation .\nnot bourbon is the sire of 4 dams of 0 named foals of racing age , 0 rnrs ( 0 % ) , 0 wnrs ( 0 % ) , 0 2yo wnrs ( 0 % ) , 0 . 00 aei , 1 . 14 ci ; 0 sw , leading earner : ( $ ) .\nwant to take it a step further ? work bourbon into your desserts too . think holiday treats like a boozy , chocolatey\nthis is unusual stuff and explains much . bourbon has , by law , to be matured in new oak casks , so every year thousands of used , empty , ex - bourbon casks are shipped off to scotland where the distillers are more than happy to fill them with new - made scotch so it can absorb the unique characteristics of the bourbon - treated oak .\nmany bourbon purists\u2014the most vocal ones , anyway\u2014would have you believe that the sweet , slightly smoky elixir is only good for drinking neat . how dare you even add ice ! and though this is , indeed , a foolproof way to enjoy bourbon , it\u2019s not the only one . don\u2019t be afraid to add ice or a little bit of water to open the full potential of your beloved whiskey . mixers are also encouraged . there are hundreds of\nnot bourbon ( can ) ch . c , 2005 { 1 - k } dp = 4 - 3 - 11 - 4 - 0 ( 22 ) di = 1 . 32 cd = 0 . 32 - 15 starts , 7 wins , 2 places , 1 shows career earnings : $ 1 , 141 , 651\nso , a new brand hoping to make headway among this flock of rival upstarts must be not only a good whiskey but have a stand - out name and image to go along with the liquid .\ninstead of trying to figure out the sometimes intimidating world of bourbon on your own , these are the simple rules you need to know .\nbourbon is an iconic american spirit , but it wasn\u2019t always thought of so highly . in the early to mid - 1900\u2019s , bourbon was considered a \u201ccommodity\u201d spirit . it was cheap , bitter , and very bad . \u201cit\u2019s truly remarkable to see what this industry has become , \u201d says davis . \u201cwhat most folks don\u2019t know is that while yes , bill samuels , sr . , created the recipe that changed the bourbon landscape forever , but it was his wife marge samuels who ideated the signature red wax seal , the label , and pretty much the entire look of maker\u2019s mark distillery . \u201d this september , marge is being inducted into the bourbon hall of fame for her contribution to the bourbon arena .\n. but , generally speaking , there\u2019s no need to break the bank when looking for a drinkable bourbon . it\u2019s even possible to find a really great bottle for\nwhat better name for a bourbon than boondocks ? there are a lot of new boutique american whiskies , bourbons , and not - so - bourbons , popping up these days as the category continues its ascent \u2013 begun by bill samuels jr . with maker\u2019s mark \u2013 to first respectability , by shedding its moonshine , sin - and - redemption reputation as cheap hooch , and now to the heights of hipster chic .\nscheurich explains :\nboondocks american whiskey varies from bourbon whiskey in two important ways : 1 ) it is distilled at a proof higher than 160 proof which makes the distillate cleaner and with more distinct flavor characteristics , and , 2 ) it is aged in used charred white oak bourbon barrels which maintains its complexity , makes the flavor profile softer , and the color a lighter amber . \u201d\nbourbon regulations are strict because in the 1800\u2019s distillers spent a lot of time adulterating , diluting , and tampering with their whiskies . \u201cfinally , they set some standards with the bottle in bond act of 1897 , \u201d says davis . essentially , the act requires the spirit to be the product of one distillation season and one distiller at one distillery . \u201cit must be bottled and stored in bonded warehouses under the u . s . government supervision for no less than 4 years . the act has made the u . s . the guarantor of the whiskey\u2019s authenticity and therefore bourbon\u2019s . \u201d\nby definition , whiskey ( or whisky , in scotland ) is a spirit distilled from fermented grain mash \u2014 grain varieties include wheat , rye , barley , and corn \u2014 and then aged in wooden barrels . whiskey is made all over the world and there are many popular styles including scotch whisky , irish whiskey , and american whiskey . the most popular form of american whiskey is bourbon , which has its own specific definition .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nclassic - winning champion three - year - old won queen ' s plate in 2 : 03 . 59 ntr sw - 6f in 1 : 08 . 84\nup to 10 runners are listed for each sire . runners represent the stallion\u2019s top performers for the year and are displayed according to a hierarchy that gives first preference to the date , graded stakes , stakes , and then non - stakes races . these are sorted by best performance . older results will remain listed if no new performances occur to replace them . at the beginning of a new year , this section will display the top performers for the previous year through march 31 but a preference is given to current year runners . each horse listed is linked to additional information including pedigree , sale history , race chart ( with video and recap when available ) . race data include distance in furlongs ; final time of race ; and track code . information is updated daily and reflects official results as recorded by the jockey club information services .\nup to 10 runners are listed in each category : lifetime earnings , current year earnings , and class performance index ( cpi ) . lifetime earnings and current year earnings include northern hemisphere winnings . cpi is the average earnings per start for an individual runner divided by the average earnings per start for all horses of the same crop and gender that raced in the same country for a given year .\nall winning or stakes - placed progeny are listed for north american performances within the previous seven days . winners are updated on the list only when the information on new winners is available . juvenile runners are included in a separate list . for each runner is listed his or her name , age and sex , and broodmare sire . race data include the race name ( when applicable ) , track , official finish position , distance , and race date . if video of the race is available , a camera icon and \u201creplay\u201d are linked to a video player . equibase charts for all races are also linked .\nthis section lists the progeny entered in an upcoming race in north america ( u . s . , canada , and puerto rico ) for the subject stallion . weekly entries are published as soon as they are available through equibase and are only for races that meet the following purse thresholds : all stakes $ 50 , 000 and up ; allowance races for $ 30 , 000 and up ; claiming and optional claiming for $ 50 , 000 and up ; maiden special weights for $ 20 , 000 and up ; and , maiden claiming races worth $ 20 , 000 or more . for each runner is listed its post position , name , age and sex , and name of the dam . race data includes the race type or name ( applicable to stakes ) , race date , race number , track , purse , distance , assigned weight , jockey , trainer , breeder and owner .\nstallions whose progeny performance statistics make them the top 100 sires nationally or among the top 25 leadings sires in a given state are listed with runners , winners , stakes winners , stakes wins , graded stakes winners , grade i stakes winners , chief earner , and aggregate earnings identified for the current year . the same data for the previous year is also presented if the sire met the ranking thresholds . all data except stakes and graded stakes represents northern hemisphere data ; stakes information is worldwide .\nsummary sales results include the subject stallion ' s progeny and covered mares for the current year to date and the past year ; data include results of all significant sales in the northern hemisphere . information is updated daily and reflects official results as recorded by the jockey club information services ; records of sales outside of north america may be delayed and will appear only when recorded officially . below the summary results are links to worldwide hip - by - hip results for the major sales during the current year and two previous years . an online database with access to more detailed searches is available at urltoken . recent results displays hip - by - hip sales results for the subject stallion ' s progeny and covered mares from the past two months ; data include results of all sales in northern hemisphere . information is updated daily and reflects official results as recorded by the jockey club information services ; records of sales outside of north america may be delayed .\nsales results include the subject stallion ' s progeny and covered mares for the current year to date and the past year ; data include results of all sales in northern hemisphere . information is updated daily and reflects official results as recorded by the jockey club information services ; records of sales outside of north america may be delayed and will appear only when recorded officially .\nnorth american auction listings are included for the progeny and covered mares of all featured stallions . expand each sale by clicking the + symbol to the left of the sale name . entries include hip number , name ( when applicable ) , sex , year of birth , type [ a = stallion ; b = broodmare ; c = stallion season ; d = broodmare prospect ; e = racing or broodmare prospect ; f = racing or stallion prospect ; g = stallion prospect ; h = horse ; i = racing prospect ; s = stallion share ; w = weanling ; y = yearling ; 2 ( or other numeral ) = age of hip ] , sire , dam , broodmare sire , and consignor . cover sire information is available for broodmares that have been bred by hovering the cursor over the \u201cb\u201d designation .\na brief pedigree is accompanied by a notation of inbreeding within five generations . below the sire\u2019s name are two links\u2014\u201cdownload stallion register pages\u201d goes to the stallion\u2019s current stallion register print pages in pdf ( if made available by the subscribing farm ) and the urltoken \u201creports\u201d link goes to a list of reports available from the jockey club\u2019s urltoken service .\n5s x 4d crimson satan ; 3s x 5d northern dancer ; 5s x 5d raise a native ; 3s x 5d secretariat .\nstuck in traffic , lady ' s first cat , sand cove , wilberforce , dumont , drunken love , house mouse ) .\nluvyoutothemoon , lady ' s first cat , valid venture , askiri , sir rupe ' s , point advanced , apalachee storm , larry ' s dream , rip ' em up , d ' wild affair , paynes gold ) .\ngiant gambit , five and off , deputiformer , druids mound , doneraile gem , sergeant matt , handsome ned ) .\nginger brew , solitaire , deputiformer , palmers , east end tap , mamma ' s knight , took the time , jungle brew , sebastian ' s song , shadowless , silver jag , d . flutie , dylan ' s choice ) .\nsolitaire , sebastian ' s song , harlem rocker , east end tap , chasin the tornado , pewter ) .\nyummy with butter , grazettes landing , archers alyancer , dancer ' s bajan ) .\nsun hawk , blizzard buddy ben , promising attorney , five and off ) .\npaso doble , drunken love , dancer ' s bajan , costalivin , me the sea and g t ) .\ninformation provided for stallions with producing daughters includes the number of producers and number of foals , runners , winners , juvenile winners , and stakes winners . broodmare sire average earnings index ( aei ) is a ratio of the progeny average earnings of the stallion\u2019s producing daughters with the total average of all broodmare sires\u2019 progeny , during the same year and within the same country .\nnancy wheatley ( 1 - 866 - 425 - 7469 ) or john burness ( 905 ) 640 - 8051 cell ( 416 ) 984 - 5200 , colebrook farms , 6270 concession 5 , uxbridge , on l9p 1r1 , canada . fax ( 905 ) 640 - 2137 .\nowner : c . f . farms breeder : charles e . fipke state bred : on winnings : 15 starts : 7 - 2 - 1 , $ 1 , 141 , 651 at 2 : won bull page s . ( s , wo , 6f ) ; 3rd vandal s . ( r , wo , 6f ) at 3 : won queen ' s plate s . ( r , wo , 10f ) , plate trial s . ( g3 , wo , 9f ) , queenston s . ( s , wo , 7f ) , overskate s . ( wo , 7f ) ; 2nd achievement h . ( s , wo , 6f ) foaled march 21 , 2005 . champion 3 - year - old in canada . entered stud in 2011 at norse ridge farms , ontario ; in 2014 standing at colebrook farms , ontario ( c $ 5 , 000 ) . ( close )\nper our updated privacy policy , we use cookies to track your browsing behavior on our site and provide you with ads or other offers that may be relevant to you . to view our privacy policy in full , click here . by using our site , you agree to these terms .\nsent ! please check your email for a link to reset your password . ( if you can ' t find it , be sure to check your spam folder ! )\nokay , there are exceptions to this rule . for example , every whiskey lover would be thrilled to get his or her hands on a bottle of\nwinx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .\nt . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .\nmust be distilled to no more than 160 proof and entered into the barrel at 125 proof .\nhow to make a traditional irish coffee what we ' re grilling this week : beef satay with coconut curry sauce the healthiest salad dressings falling in love again with america\u2019s no . 1 bbq food : hot dogs 3 tips for churning out better homemade ice cream how to build your own raised tomato bed all stories\nsign up for our newsletter to get the latest adventures , workouts , destinations , and more .\nwe may use your e - mail address to send you the newsletter and offers that may interest you , on behalf of men ' s journal and its partners . for more information please read our privacy policy\nmen\u2019s journal has affiliate partnerships so we may receive compensation for some links to products and services .\nthe category ' s even caught on in london\u2019s cutting - edge neighborhoods like brixton , hackney and shoreditch , but more on this in another column .\nit\u2019s 11 years old , and the result of a partnership between 40 - year industry veteran dave scheurich and royal wine corporation .\nnow , 11 years is a long time for an american whisky to mature , far longer than the same number of years for a scotch , and it can achieve a pretty awesome level of wonderfulness in that time .\nscheurich\u2019s aim for boondocks was to create\na smooth whiskey with complex , savory flavors yet remain non - aggressive on the palate , a whiskey that delivered an ultra - smooth finish - - something easy to enjoy .\ni normally regard such self - serving praise by a winemaker or whiskey distiller of his own product with a large dose of , usually justified , skepticism .\nthere\u2019s a nose brimming with pears and red fruit flavors all smothered in a blanket of bananas - and - cream , sweet vanilla and even butter pecan ice cream . on the tongue it\u2019s wonderfully drinker - friendly , even by today\u2019s high - gloss standards , with just the faintest suggestion of tarry spice on the mellow but surprisingly persistent finish ."]}
{"id": 1984, "summary": [{"text": "dioryctria nivaliensis is a species of snout moth in the genus dioryctria .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by rebel in 1892 , and is known from the canary islands .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "the larvae feed on pinus canariensis . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "dioryctria nivaliensis", "paragraphs": ["especies dioryctria abietella denis & schifferm\u00fcller dioryctria abietella auct . dioryctria abietivorella grote dioryctria albovittella ( hulst ) dioryctria amatella ( hulst ) dioryctria assamensis mutuura dioryctria aulloi barbey dioryctria auranticella ( grote ) dioryctria banksiella mutuura , munroe & ross dioryctria baumhoferi heinrich dioryctria cambiicola ( dyar ) dioryctria castanea bradley dioryctria clarioralis walker dioryctria contortella mutuura , munroe & ross dioryctria disclusa heinrich dioryctria ebeli mutuura & munroe dioryctria erythropasa ( dyar ) dioryctria horneana dyar dioryctria kunmingnella wang & sung dioryctria laricicola popova dioryctria laruata ( heinrich ) dioryctria magnifica munroe dioryctria mendacella ( staudinger ) dioryctria merkeli mutuura & munroe dioryctria mongolicella wang & sung dioryctria monticolella mutuura , munroe & ross dioryctria mutatella fuchs dioryctria nivaliensis rebel dioryctria okanaganella mutuura , munroe & ross dioryctria okui mutuura dioryctria peltieri de joannis dioryctria pentictonella mutuura , munroe & ross dioryctria peyerimhoffi de joannis dioryctria pineae ( staudinger ) dioryctria ponderosae dyar dioryctria pryeri ragonot dioryctria pseudotsugella munroe dioryctria pygmaeella ragonot dioryctria raoi mutuura dioryctria reniculella ( grote ) dioryctria reniculelloides mutuura & munroe dioryctria resinosella mutuura dioryctria rossi munroe dioryctria rubella hampson dioryctria schuetzeella fuchs dioryctria silvestrella ratzeburg dioryctria splendidella herrich - sch\u00e4ffer dioryctria sylvestrella ( ratzeburg ) dioryctria taedae schaber & wood dioryctria taedivorella leidy & neunzig dioryctria tumicolella mutuura , munroe & ross dioryctria xanthoenobares dyar dioryctria yatesi mutuura & munroe dioryctria yiai mutuura & munroe dioryctria yuennanella caradja dioryctria zimmermanni ( grote )\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nthe id resolving service for stable taxon ids is currently under maintenance . meanwhile , please use the name search in order to find the taxon page .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nbiokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright \u00a9 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\n2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by speidel , w . & segerer , a . nuss , m .\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services ."]}
{"id": 1999, "summary": [{"text": "the pyrgotidae are an unusual family of flies ( diptera ) , one of only two families of cyclorrhapha that lack ocelli .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "most species are \" picture-winged \" ( i.e , have patterns of bands or spots on the wings ) , as is typical among the tephritoidea , but unlike other tephritoids , they are endoparasitoids ; the females pursue scarab beetles in flight , laying an egg on the beetle 's back under the elytra where the beetle can not reach it .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the egg hatches and the fly larva enters the body cavity of the beetle , feeding and eventually killing the host before pupating .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "in the united states , some species of pyrgota and sphecomyiella can be quite common in areas where their host beetles ( typically the genus phyllophaga , or \" june beetles \" ) are abundant .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "like their host beetles , these flies are primarily nocturnal , and are often attracted to artificial lights . ", "topic": 19}], "title": "pyrgotidae", "paragraphs": ["in family pyrgotidae that we found in the brisbane area , queensland , australia .\nchen , s . h . 1947 . chinese and japanese pyrgotidae . sinensia , 17 , 47 - 74 .\nin family pyrgotidae are nocturnal . this may explain why we seldom saw them except in the mating season when they are courting on the tree trunk .\n4 . a review of australian pyrgotidae ( diptera ) - by sj paramonov , 1958 , australian journal of zoology 6 ( 1 ) 89 - 138 .\nkorneyev , v . a . 2012 . revision of the genus pyrgotomyia hendel ( diptera : pyrgotidae ) . african invertebrates , 53 ( 1 ) , 187 - 203 .\nhennig , w . 1960 . pyrgotidae de madagascar ( diptera ) . m\u00e9moires de l\u2019institut scientifique de madagascar , ser . e , ( 1959 ) , 11 , 321 - 353 .\nkorneyev , v . a . 2004 . genera of palaearctic pyrgotidae ( diptera , acalyptrata ) , with nomenclatural notes and a key . vestnik zoologii , 38 ( 1 ) , 19 - 46 .\n. we determined it is in the family pyrgotidae by its wing veins patterns ( sc vein reaching the wing margin at a sharp right angle ) and its absent of incurved lower fronto - orbital bristles .\nhering , e . m . 1940 . acalyptraten aus manchukuo . ( diptera : pyrgotidae , drosophilidae , otitidae ) . arbeiten \u00fcber morphologische und taxonomische entomologie aus berlin - dahlem , 7 ( 4 ) , 288 - 295 .\nhendel , f . 1933 . 36 . pyrgotidae . in : lindner , e . , ed . die fliegen der palaearktischen region . e . schweitzerbart . , stuttgart , 5 ( lfg . 73 ) , 1 - 15 .\nkorneyev , v . a . 2006 b . a revision of afrotropical species of the eupyrgota ( diptera , pyrgotidae ) : the varipennis and melancholica subgroups of species . vestnik zoologii , 40 ( 2 ) , 115 - 130 .\nkorneyev , v . a . 2006 a . a revision of afrotropical species of the eupyrgota ( diptera , pyrgotidae ) : the spinifemur group and latipennis subgroup of species . vestnik zoologii , 40 ( 1 ) , 3 - 25 .\nkorneyev , v . a . 2015 . pyrgotid fl ies assigned to apyrgota . iii . species of afropyrgota gen . n . and tylotrypes ( diptera , pyrgotidae ) . vestnik zoologii , 49 ( 1 ) , 25 - 40 .\nso\u00f3s , a . 1984 . family pyrgotidae . in : soos , a . papp , l . , eds . catalogue of palaearctic diptera . vol . 9 . micropezidae - agromyzidae . akademiai kiado , budapest , 36 - 38 .\n* korneyev v . a . monophyly , groundplan and sister - groups in the families pyrgotidae , platystomatidae and tephritidae / / in : third international congress of dipterology . abstract volume . university of guelf , 1994 . p . 112 - 113 .\nshi , y . - s . 1996 . pyrgotidae . in : w . xue , c . chao , eds . flies of china , vol . 1 . liaoning science and technology press , shenyang , 575 - 595 [ in chinese ] .\nsteyskal , g . c . 1980 . 42 . family pyrgotidae . in : crosskey , r . w . , ed . a catalogue of the diptera of the afrotropical region . british museum ( natural history ) , london , 556 - 562 .\nkim , s . - k . , han , h . - y . 2001 . a systematic study of the genera adapsilia and parageloemyia in korea ( diptera , tephritoidea , pyrgotidae ) . insecta koreana , 18 ( 3 ) , 255 - 291 .\nnartshuk , e . p . , korneyev , v . a . 2005 . data on the fauna of pyrgotidae ( diptera , cyclorrhapha ) of the russian far east . far east entomologist , ( 147 ) , 1 - 10 [ in russian ] .\nkorneyev v . a . & nartshuk e . p . 77 . fam . pyrgotidae / / keys to insects of far east russia . vol . vi . diptera and fleas . part 3 . vladivostok : dal ' nauka . 2002 : 8 p . ( in russian ) .\nkorneyev , v . a . 2014 a . pyrgotid fl ies assigned to apyrgota . i . new species and synonyms in eupyrgota ( s . str . ) ( diptera , pyrgotidae ) , with description of a new subgenus . vestnik zoologii , 48 ( 2 ) , 111 - 128 .\nkorneyev , v . a . 2014 b . pyrgotid fl ies assigned to apyrgota . ii . new species and synonyms in eupyrgota ( s . str . ) ( diptera , pyrgotidae ) , with description of a new subgenus . vestnik zoologii , 48 ( 3 ) , 211 - 220 .\nsteyskal , g . c . 1977 . family pyrgotidae . in : delfinado , d . , hardy , d . e . , eds . a catalog of the diptera of the oriental region , vol . 3 , suborder cyclorrhapha , ( excluding division aschiza ) . university of hawaii press , honolulu , 37 - 43 .\nkorneyev , v . a . , nartshuk , e . p . 2004 . 80 . fam . pyrgotidae . in : lehr , p . a . , ed . key to the insects of russian far east . vol . vi . diptera and siphonaptera . pt . 3 . dal\u2019nauka vladivostok , 399 - 408 [ in russian ] .\nreview of the genus geloemyia ( diptera , pyrgotidae ) , with discussion of its taxonomic position . korneyev , v . a . - species assigned to geloemyia hendel , 1908 , trichempodia malloch , 1930 syn . n . , parageloemyia hendel , 1933 syn . n . , and dicranostira enderlein , 1942 syn . n . are shown to be congeneric . geloemyia is refined to include eight species : geloemyia cheni kim , han & korneyev , sp . n . , geloemyia cockerelli ( malloch , 1930 ) comb . n . ( = trichempodia cockerelli malloch , 1930 ) , geloemyia dorsocentralis ( hering , 1940 ) comb . n . ( = adapsilia dorsocentralis hering , 1940 ) , geloemyia quadriseta hendel , 1933 , geloemyia stylata hendel , 1908 , geloemyia wonjuensis ( kim & han , 2001 ) comb . n . ( = parageloemyia wonjuensis kim & han , 2001 ) from eastern asia , geloemyia namibica sp . n . , from mainland africa ( namibia ) and geloemyia trifasciata ( enderlein , 1942 ) comb . n . ( = trichempodia trifasciata enderlein , 1942 ) from madagascar . geloemyia nigrofasiata hendel , 1933 based on a single male is supposed to be a junior synonym of g . quadriseta hendel , 1933 , based on females , but the synonymy is tentative . a key to species is provided . the genus geloemyia belongs in the tribe pyrgotini forming ( or belonging to ) a basal lineage in the subtribe adapsiliina together with pyrgotomyia hendel , 1914 and porpomastix enderlein , 1942 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nnot much is known about their larvae . it is believed that all the pyrgotid larvae are parasites of adult\nwe saw those flies near bulimba creek in wishart on early summer oct 2007 . there were a number of them there on a large tree trunk . some of them were courting . the courting pair were facing each other , sometimes with tongue touching .\nmale and female are a little bit different . they were dark brown in colour with brown patterns on wings .\nnear those flies we found a batch of insect eggs . could they be the eggs of those flies ? we are not sure . just leave the photo here for further study . ( later we found that those egg - shells look like the\nafter a few days ( still oct 2007 ) , we also saw those flies in karawatha forest . they seem quite common in this time of the year , but not seen at other time .\ncsiro , division of entomology , melbourne university press , 2nd edition 1991 , p717 .\n2 . on the fly , the interactive atlas and key to australian fly families cd rom - hamilton , j . et al . 2006 . brisbane : cbit & abrs .\n3 . northern territory insects , a comprehensive guide cd - graham brown , 2009 .\nphotographed at turtle river state park , north dakota ( 11 june 2010 ) .\nhtml public ' - / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en ' ' urltoken '\nusername password not a member yet ? click here to register . forgotten your password ? request a new one here .\ndue to fact this site has functionality making use of your email address , any registration using a temporary email address will be rejected .\nhelp again can any1 give me the full title of kulon . allat . kozlem thx\ncopyright \u00a9 2004 - 2018 paul beuk , images in diptera gallery and forum of their respective owners powered by php - fusion copyright \u00a9 2002 - 2018 by nick jones . released as free software without warranties under gnu affero gpl v3 . simpleasthat\nurltoken uses cookies to store information that enables us to optimize our website and make browsing more comfortable for you . to learn more about the use of cookies , please read our privacy policy .\n1 schmalhausen institute of zoology , nas of ukraine , vul . b . khmelnytskogo , 15 , kyiv , 01030 ukraine\nenderlein g . 1942 . klassifikation der pyrgotiden . sitzungsberichte der gesellschaft naturforschenden freunde zu berlin , ( 1941 ) 2 , 98 - 134 .\nhendel , f . 1908 . acht neue pyrgotinen ( dipt . ) . wiener entomologische zeitung , 27 ( 4 - 5 ) , 145 - 153 .\nhendel , f . 1909 . diptera . fam . muscaridae , subfam . pyrgotinae . in : wytsman , p . , ed . genera insectorum , ( 1908 ) , ( fasc . 79 ) , 1 - 33 + 1 taf .\nhendel , f . 1934 . ubersicht uber die gattungen der pyrgotiden , nebst beschreibung neuer gattungen und arten . encyclopedie entomologique ( b ) ii . dipt . 7 , 141 - 156 .\nmalloch , j . r . 1930 . xlii . - exotic muscaridae ( diptera ) . - xxix . the annals and magazine of natural history , 5 ( 10 ) , 465 - 484 .\ncite score 2016 : 0 . 35 scimago journal rank ( sjr ) 2016 : 0 . 300 source normalized impact per paper ( snip ) 2016 : 0 . 496\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nflies moderately large , with rather slender build and rather long legs . wing 6 - 18 mm long , usually strongly patterned with bars , bands , or reticulation . ( steyskal 1987 )\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\n1 . verves yu . g . , korneyev v . a . , ponurko ya . b . methodics of collecting of several groups of dipterous insects ( diptera , brachycera ) . actual ' ni problemy biologii [ actual problems of biology ] . kiev : vishcha shkola , 1977 : 15 - 18 . [ in ukrainian ]\n2 . korneyev v . a . [ korneev v . a . ] significance of the periphallic complex of flies of family tephritidae for special diagnosis and improving the classification of the family . in : scarlato o . a . , ed . : systematics of diptera ( insecta ) : ecological and morphological principles [ proc . of the 2nd all - union dipterological symposium , woronezh / ramon , sept . 1978 ] . leningrad , zoological institute , 1979 : 38 - 41 . [ in russian , translated in english : new delhi , 1985 : 60 - 64 ]\n3 . korneyev v . a . on the fruit fly fauna of the european territory of the ussr . vestnik zoologii , 1982 , no 2 : 83 - 84 . [ in russian ]\n4 . korneyev v . a . new fruit fly from the miocene of the northern caucasus . palaeont . zhurnal , 1982 , no 4 : 97 - 98 . [ in russian ]\n* korneyev v . a . urophora melanocera hering , a species of tephritid flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) new for the ussr fauna . vestnik zoologii , 1983 , no 2 : 54 . [ in russian ]\n* korneyev v . a . xyphosia laticauda mg . , a species of tephritid flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) new for the ussr fauna . vestnik zoologii , 1983 , no 3 : 45 . [ in russian ]\ngiraudi frauenfeld , a species of tephritid flies ( diptera : ephritidae ) new for the ussr fauna . vestnik zoologii , 1983 , no 3 : 45 . [ in russian ]\n* korneyev v . a . chaetorellia loricata ( rondani , 1870 ) = ch . holosericea hendel , 1927 , syn . n . vestnik zoologii , 1983 , no 6 : 45 .\n5 . korneyev v . a . tephritid flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) of the middle dniepr territory . kiev , 1983 : 28 pp . a manuscript deposited in ukrainian institute of sci . & techn information [ ukrniinti ] 1 . 12 . 1983 , no 1343 , uk - d83 . [ in russian ]\n6 . korneyev v . a . new species of tephritid flies of the genus urophora ( diptera : tephritidae ) from tadjikistan . vestnik zoologii , 1984 , no 1 : 60 - 63 . [ in russian , with english summary ]\n7 . korneyev v . a . comparative morphology of aedeagus of tephritidae ( diptera ) . in : scarlato o . a . , ed . : diptera ( insecta ) , their systematics , geographic destribution\nand ecology . [ proc . of the 3rd all - union dipterological symposium , kiev / belaya tserkov , sept . 15 - 17 , 1982 ] leningrad : zoological institute , 1984 [ 1983 ] : 67 - 72 . [ in russian , english translation is published , complete data not available ]\n8 . verves yu . g . , vlasov i . i . , korneyev v . a . dipterous insects of the families syrphidae , otitidae , platystomatidae , tephritidae and sarcophagidae of zaporozh ' ie region . problems of general and molecular biology . kiev , 1984 . no : 86 - 90 . [ in russian ]\n* korneyev v . a . evolution of trophical relationships of tephritidae ( diptera ) . ix congress of all - union entomol . soc . , abstracts . kiev : naukova dumka , 1984 , vol . 1 : 243 . [ in russian ]\n9 . volkov b . v . , volkova l . b . , korneyev [ korneev ] v . a . the fruit flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) of voroshilovgrad region . in : scarlato o . a , ed . : diptera ( insecta ) of the fauna of the ussr and their significans in ecosystems [ proc . of the 3rd all - union dipterological symposium , kiev / belaya tserkov , sept . 15 - 17 , 1982 ] . leningrad : zoological institute , 1984 : 27 - 28 . [ in russian ]\n* zeigerman a . g . , korneyev v . a . drosophila repleta wollast . , a new species of drosophilidae ( diptera ) in the ussr fauna . vestnik zoologii , 1985 , no 1 : 71 .\n* korneyev v . a . tribe terastiomyiini stat . n . ( diptera : tephritidae ) . vestnik zoologii , 1985 , no 2 : 86 .\n10 . kameneva e . p . , korneyev v . a . tephritid flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) of the ukrainian ssr fauna . problems of general and molecular biology . kiev , 1985 . no 4 : 67 - 71 . [ in russian ]\n11 . verves yu . g . , korneyev v . a . a review of the book :\n' catalogue of palaearctic diptera ' , vol . 9 and 10 . budapest , 1984\n. zoologichesky zhurnal , 1985 , 64 , no 9 : 1436 - 1438 . [ in russian ]\n12 . korneyev v . a . tephritid flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) of the middle dnieper territory ( with a review of classifications of the family worldwide ) . abstract of cand . sci . dissertation . kiev state university , 1985 : 19 pp . [ in russian ]\n13 . korneyev v . a . new species of the genus urophora ( diptera : tephritidae ) from uzbekistan . vestnik zoologii , 1985 , no 5 : 82 - 84 . [ in russian , english summary ]\n14 . korneyev v . a . [ korneev v . a . ] fruit flies of the tribe terelliini hendel , 1927 ( diptera : tephritidae ) of the fauna of the ussr . ent . obozr . , 1985 , 64 , no 3 : 626 - 644 . [ in russian ; english translation in : ent . rev . , wash . 65 , no 1 : 35 - 55 ]\n15 . korneyev v . a . contribution to the study of fruit flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) of the yemen arab republic . biol . nauki . 1985 , no 11 : 53 - 56 [ in russian ]\n16 . korneyev v . a . , zeigerman a . g . a contribution to the fauna of several families of diptera acalyptrata . i . problems of general and molecular biology . kiev , 1986 . no 5 : 47 - 51 . [ in russian ]\n17 . korneyev v . a . on the suprageneric taxonomy of tephritidae . abstr . of the intern . congr . dipterol . , budapest . 1986 : 129 . [ in english ]\n18 . korneyev v . a . flies of the families otitidae , platystomatidae and tephritidae ( diptera ) from the zeja state natural reserve . in : nartshuk e . p . , ed . : flies ( diptera ) in ecosystems of south siberia and far east . leningrad : zoological institute , 1986 : 44 - 50 . ( proc . of zool . inst . , leningrad ) [ in russian ]\n19 . kameneva e . p . , korneyev v . a . contribution to the fauna of diptera acalyptrata of the middle dnieper region . i . families micropezidae , platystomatidae and otitidae . kiev : editorial board of the journal vestnik zoologii : 7 p . a manuscript deposited in all - union institute of sci . & techn . information [ viniti ] 04 . 01 . 1987 , no 7 - d87 . [ in russian ]\n20 . korneyev v . a . , remm e . , elberg k . contribution to the fauna of diptera acalyptrata of the middle dnieper region . ii . families sciomyzidae and lauxaniidae . kiev : editorial board of the journal vestnik zoologii : 13 p . a manuscript deposited in all - union institute of sci . & techn . information [ viniti ] 13 . 03 . 1987 , no 1778 - d87 . [ in russian ]\n21 . zeigerman a . g . , korneyev v . a . contribution to the fauna of diptera acalyptrata of the middle dnieper region . iii . families aulacigastridae , asteiidae , camillidae and drosophilidae . kiev : editorial board of the journal vestnik zoologii : 9 p . a manuscript deposited in all - union institute of sci . & techn . information [ viniti ] 05 . 01 . 1987 , no 53 - d87 . [ in russian ]\n22 . korneyev v . a . the asparagus fly and its taxonomical position in the family tephritidae ( diptera ) . vestnik zoologii , 1987 no 1 : 39 - 44 . [ in russian ]\n23 . korneyev v . a . a revision of the subgenus cerajocera stat . n . of the genus terellia ( diptera , tephritidae ) with description of a new species of fruit fly . zoologichesky zhurnal , 1987 , 67 , no 2 : 237 - 243 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n24 . korneyev v . a . little known species of tephritidae ( diptera ) of the ukrainian fauna . in : savtshenko e . n . , ed . : fauna and biocoenotic associations of insects in ukraine . kiev : naukova dumka , 1987 : 83 - 87 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n25 . basov v . m . , korneyev v . a . exit of tephritid flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) from their larval chambers . problems of general and molecular biology . kiev , 1987 . no 6 : 47 - 51 . [ in russian ]\n. in : nartshuk e . p . , ed . : two - wingled\ninsects : systematics , morphology and ecology . [ proc . of the 4th all - union dipterological symposium , alma - ata , sept . 17 - 19 , 1986 ] . leningrad : zoological institute , 1987 : 49 - 56 . [ in russian ; english translation is published , complete data not available ]\neuropean territory of the ussr . in : nartshuk e . p . : diptera and their importance for husbandry and agriculture . [ proc . of the 4th all - union dipterological symposium , alma - ata , sept . 17 - 19 , 1986 ] . leningrad : zoological institute , 1987 : 36 - 39 . [ in russian ; english translation is published , complete data not available ]\n28 . korneyev v . a . tephritid flies of the tribes oedaspidini , aciurini and myopitini ( diptera : tephritidae ) from the soviet far east . new contributions to the systematics of insects of the far east . vladivostok , 1987 : 122 - 129 . [ in russian ]\n29 . korneyev v . a . , rogochaya e . g . fruit flies - tephritidae ( trypetidae ) . in : dolin v . g . , ed . : pests of agricultures and forest plantations . 2nd revised edition . vol . 2 . kiev : naukova dumka , 1987 : . [ in russian ]\n* kameneva e . p . , korneyev v . a . terellia colon ( meigen , 1826 ) = trypeta varia loew , 1869 , syn . n . vestnik zoologii , 1988 , no 5 : 52 . [ in russian ]\n30 . korneyev v . a . new and little known species of tephritid flies of the genus terellia r . - d . from middle asia and transcaucasia . ent . obozr . 1988 , 67 : 871 - 875 . [ in russian ; english summary ; translated in english : ent . rev . , wash . ; complete data not available ]\n31 . korneyev v . a . terellia ( cerajocera ) setifera ( diptera : tephritidae ) , a species of tephritid flies new for the ussr . vestnik zoologii , 1989 , no 2 : 75 - 78 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n32 . korneyev v . a . a review of palaearctic species of the genus hendrella ( diptera : tephritidae ) . zoologichesky zhurnal , 1989 , 68 , no 6 : 87 - 92 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\nhendel , 1927 = acidiella obscuripennis chen , 1948 , syn . n . ( diptera : tephritidae ) . vestnik zoologii , 1989 , no 4 : 87 .\n33 . white i . m . , korneyev v . a . a revision of the western palaearctic species of urophora robineau - desvoidy ( diptera : tephritidae ) . syst . entomol . 1989 , 19 , n 3 : 327 - 374 .\n34 . verves yu . g . , zeigerman a . g . , kozitskaya a . m . , korneyev v . a . cyclorrhaphous diptera of kanev vicinities dnieper region . problems of general and molecular biology . kiev , 1989 . no 8 : 17 - 26 . [ in russian ]\n35 . korneyev v . a . a new species of the genus chetostoma ( diptera : tephritidae ) from armenia . vestnik zoologii , 1990 , no 1 : 20 - 23 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n* korneyev v . a . terellia sarolensis ( agarval < , > kapoor , 1985 ) comb . n . ( diptera : tephritidae ) . vestnik zoologii , 1990 ( 1 ) : 58 .\n36 . korneyev v . a . a review of sphenella and paroxyna series of genera ( diptera : tephritidae : tephritinae ) of the eastern palaearctic . in : insects of mongolia . no 11 . leningrad , 1990 : 395 - 470 . [ in russian ]\n37 . korneyev v . a . , kameneva e . p . a new species of the genus tephritis ( diptera : tephritidae ) from kasachstan . zoologichesky zhurnal , 1990 , 69 , no 10 : 138 - 140 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n38 . korneyev v . a . a new species of the genus terellia ( diptera : tephritidae ) from moldavia . vestnik zoologii , 1990 , no 5 : 67 - 69 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n39 . korneyev v . a . new improvements in the suprageneric classification of the family tephritidae . 2nd int . congr . dipterology , august 27 - september 1 , 1990 . bratislava , czechoslovakia . abstract volume : 118 .\n40 . korneyev v . a . , kameneva e . p . tephritid flies associated with wild cynarae in the european territory of the u . s . s . r . 2nd int . congr . dipterology , august 27 - september 1 , 1990 . bratislava , czechoslovakia . abstract volume : 119 .\n41 . korneyev v . a . tephritid flies of the subfamilies phytalmiinae , acanthonevrinae and adraminae ( diptera : tephritidae ) of the soviet far east . new contributions to the systematics of insects of the far east . vladivostok , 1990 : 116 - 125 . [ in russian ]\n42 . korneyev v . a . , white i . m . tephritid flies of the eastern palaearctic species of urophora r . - d . ( diptera : tephritidae ) i . a key to subgenera and a revision of species ( except for the subgenus urophora s . str . ) ent . obozr . 1991 , 70 ( 1 ) : 214 - 228 . [ in russian ; english summary ; english translation expected in entomol . rev . , wash . ]\n43 . korneyev v . a . tephritid flies of the genera allied to euleia ( diptera : tephritidae ) in the ussr . communication i . vestnik zoologii , 1991 , no 3 : 8 - 17 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n44 . korneyev v . a . tephritid flies of the genera allied to euleia ( diptera : tephritidae ) in the ussr . communication ii . vestnik zoologii , 1991 , no 4 : 30 - 37 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n45 . korneyev v . a . new species of platystomatidae ( diptera ) from the maritime territory . zoologichesky zhurnal , 1991 , 70 , no 7 : 145 - 148 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n46 . korneyev v . a . , kameneva e . p . tephritid flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) associated with asteraceous plants in eastern europe . problems of general and molecular biology . kiev , 1992 , no 10 : . in ukrainian ; english and russian summary ]\n47 . korneyev v . a . reclassification of the palaearctic tephritidae ( diptera ) . communication i . vestnik zoologii , 1992 , no 4 : 31 - 38 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n48 . korneyev v . a . , white i . m . fruit - flies of the eastern palaearctic species of urophora r . - d ( diptera : tephritidae ) . ii . review of species of the subgenus urophora s . str . ( communication 2 ) . ent . obozr . 1992 , 71 ( 3 ) : 688 - 699 . [ in russian ; english summary ; english translation in entomol . rev . , wash . ]\n49 . korneyev v . a . , kameneva e . p . on the consortial associations of asteraceae in western tien - shang . ukrain . botan . zhurn . , 1993 , 50 ( 2 ) : 37 - 50 .\n50 . korneyev v . a . , white i . m . fruit - flies of the eastern palaearctic species of urophora r . - d ( diptera : tephritidae ) . ii . review of species of the subgenus urophora s . str . ( communication 2 ) . ent . obozr . 1993 , 72 ( 1 ) : 232 - 247 . [ in russian ; english summary ; english translation expected in entomol . rev . , wash . ]\n51 . korneyev v . a . new genus and species of tephritid flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) from the russian far east . zoologichesky zhurnal , 1993 , 72 , no 4 : 142 - 144 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n52 . korneyev v . a . a new species of tephritidae ( diptera ) from ukraine . zoologichesky zhurnal , 1993 , 72 , no 4 : 144 - 146 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n53 . korneyev v . a . a revision of palaearctic fruit flies of the genus homoeotricha hering ( diptera tephritidae tephritinae ) / / russian entomol . j . , 1993 . vol . 2 , no . 3 - 4 . p . 119 - 128 .\n54 . verves yu . g . , zeigerman a . g . , zrazhevski s . f . , kozitskaya a . m . , korneyev v . a . , tanskaya t . f . class insecta - insects . cyclorrhaphous flies ( diptera , cyclorrhapha ) / / \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 . \u0432\u044b\u043f . 50 . \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 . [ flora and fauna or natural reserves . issue 50 . invertebrate animals of the kanev natural reserve ] moscow : commission of r [ ussian ] a [ cademy of ] s [ ciences ] for the natural reserve business , institute of evolutionary morphology and ecology of animals of ras , the social and ecological union . 1993 : 12 - 46 . [ in russian ]\n55 . korneyev v . a . neoceratitis hendel , a new senior synonym of trirhithromyia hendel ( diptera : tephritidae ) . redescription of the genus and review of species / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1993 ( 1994 ) , 1 ( 2 ) : 59 - 62 .\n56 . kameneva e . p . , korneyev v . a . holarctic genus pseudoseioptera stackelberg ( diptera : ulidiidae ( = otitidae ) ) . part i . phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic position / / journ . ukr . entomol . soc . , 1993 ( 1994 ) , 1 ( 2 ) : 65 - 72 .\n57 . korneyev v . a . reclassification of the palaearctic tephritidae ( diptera ) . communication 2 . vestnik zoologii , 1994 , no 1 : 3 - 17 . [ in russian ; english summary ]\n58 . kameneva e . p . , korneyev v . a . holarctic genus pseudoseioptera stackelberg ( diptera : ulidiidae ( = otitidae ) ) . part ii . redescription of the genus and review of species / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1993 ( 1995 ) , 1 ( 3 - 4 ) : 69 - 78 .\n59 . korneyev v . a . evgeniy nikolaevich savchenko ( 1909 - 1994 ) [ obituary and list of published papers in entomology ] / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1993 ( 1995 ) , 1 ( 3 - 4 ) : 3 - 10 . [ in russian ]\n60 . korneyev v . a . reclassification of palaearctic tephritidae ( diptera ) . communication 3 . / / vestn . zool . , 1995 , ( 5 - 6 ) : 25 - 48 .\n61 . korneyev v . a . new records and synonymy in xyphosiini and tephritini ( diptera : tephritidae : tephritinae ) from the far east russia / / russian entomol . j . , 1995 , 4 ( 1 - 4 ) : 115 - 125 .\n62 . korneyev v . a . , merz b . a new species of the genus terellia ( diptera : tephritidae ) from central asia / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1994 ( 1995 ) , 2 ( 2 ) : 57 - 60 .\n63 . korneyev v . a . identity of vidalia diddiba dirlbek and dirlbekova and v . jibadaua dirlbek and dirlbekova / / int . j . dipterol . res . 1996 , 7 ( 2 ) : 133 - 134 .\n64 . korneyev v . a . the status of urophora dzieduszyckii frauenfeld ( diptera : tephritidae : tephritinae : myopitini ) / / ann . naturhist . mus . wien . 1996 , 98b : 525 - 528 .\n65 . korneyev v . a . , white i . m . fruit - flies of the eastern palaearctic species of urophora r . - d ( diptera : tephritidae ) . ii . review of species of the subgenus urophora s . str . ( communication 3 ) . / / ent . obozr . 1996 , 75 ( 2 ) : 463 - 477 . [ in russian ; english summary ; english translation expected in entomol . rev . , wash . ]\n66 . korneyev v . a . , peck l . v . sem . tephritidae ( trypetidae ) - mukhi - pestrokrylki - fruit - flies . / / genetical fund cadastre of kyrghyzstan . volume iii . superclassis hexapoda ( entognatha and insecta ) . bishkek , 1996 . 296 - 299 .\n[ \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0432 . \u0430 . , \u043f\u044d\u043a \u043b . \u0432 . \u0441\u0435\u043c . tephritidae ( trypetidae ) - \u043c\u0443\u0445\u0438 - \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 - fruit - flies . / / \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 . \u0442 . iii . \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 hexapoda - \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 ( entognatha \u0438 insecta ) . - \u0431\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043a , 1996 , \u0441 . 296 - 299 . ( \u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 406 \u0441\u0442\u0440 . ) ]\n67 . korneyev v . a . , merz b . a new species of rhagoletis loew ( diptera : tephritidae ) , with notes on central asian species / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1997 . 3 ( 1 ) : 55 - 64 .\n68 . korneyev v . a . a revision of palaearctic campiglossa species assigned to gonioxyna ( diptera : tephritidae ) / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1997 . 3 ( 2 ) : 19 - 28 . ( nov 10 1997 )\n69 . korneyev v . a . new data and nomenclatural notes on the tephritidae ( diptera ) of far east russia . i / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1997 . 3 ( 2 ) : 29 - 35 . ( nov 10 1997 )\n* korneyev v . a . the first record of the family odiniidae ( diptera : acalyptrata ) from the ukraine / / vestn . zool . , 1997 , 31 ( 4 ) : 88 .\n70 . korneyev v . a . rhagoletis berberidis ( diptera , tephritidae , trypetinae ) , the first faunistic record from ukraine . / / vestn . zool . , 1997 , 31 ( 5 - 6 ) : 94 - 95 [ in ukrainian ; english and russian summary ]\n71 . korneyev v . a . new data and nomenclatural notes on the tephritidae ( diptera ) of far east russia . ii / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1997 . 3 ( 3 - 4 ) : 5 - 48 .\n72 . korneyev v . a . , merz b . a supplement to revision of fruit - flies of the genus urophora r . - d . ( diptera , tephritidae ) of eastern palaearctic . / / ent . obozr . 1998 , 77 ( 2 ) : 512 - 522 . [ in russian ; english summary ; english translation expected in entomol . rev . , wash . ]\n* korneyev v . a . the first record of the family carnidae ( diptera : acalyptrata ) from the ukraine / / vestn . zool . , 1999 , 33 ( 1 - 2 ) : 88 .\n* korneyev v . a . the first record of the family megamerinidae ( diptera : acalyptrata ) from the ukraine / / vestn . zool . , 1999 , 33 ( 1 - 2 ) : 88 .\n73 . korneyev v . a . , verves yu . g . a review of the book\nfauna helvetica . 1 . diptera - checklist\n/ / vestn . zool . , 1999 , 33 ( 1 - 2 ) : 111 .\n74 . hernandez ortiz v . , kameneva e . p . & korneyev v . a . a new genus and species of the picture - winged flies ( diptera : ulidiidae : otitinae ) from mexico / / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1998 [ 1999 ] . 4 ( 1 - 2 ) : 73 - 79 .\n75 . korneyev v . a . a review of the book\nfauna helvetica . 1 . diptera - checklist\n/ / j . ukr . ent . soc . , 1998 [ 1999 ] . 4 ( 1 - 2 ) : 80 .\n76 . korneyev v . a . , white i . m . fruit - flies of the genus urophora r . - d ( diptera , tephritidae ) of east palaearctic . iii . key to species / / ent . obozr . 1999 , 78 ( 2 ) : 464 - 482 . [ in russian ; english summary ; english translation expected in entomol . rev . , wash . ]\n77 . korneyev v . a . phylogenetic relationships among higher groups of the superfamily tephritoidea / / fruit flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) : phylogeny and evolution of behavior . proc . of symposium , xalapa , veracruz , mexico , february 16 - 21 , 1998 . crc press : boca raton , london , new york , washington d . c . 1999 . p . 3 - 22 .\n78 . korneyev v . a . phylogenetic relationships among higher groups of tephritidae / / fruit flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) : phylogeny and evolution of behavior . proc . of symposium , xalapa , veracruz , mexico , february 16 - 21 , 1998 . crc press : boca raton , london , new york , washington d . c . 1999 . p . 73 - 114 .\n79 . korneyev v . a . phylogeny of tephritinae : relationships of the tribes and subtribes / / fruit flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) : phylogeny and evolution of behavior . proc . of symposium , xalapa , veracruz , mexico , february 16 - 21 , 1998 . crc press : boca raton , london , new york , washington d . c . 1999 . p . 549 - 580 .\n80 . korneyev v . a . , white i . m . fruit - flies of the genus urophora r . - d ( diptera , tephritidae ) of east palaearctic . iv . conclusion / / ent . obozr . 2000 , 79 ( 1 ) : 239 - 253 . [ in russian ; english summary ; english translation expected in entomol . rev . , wash . ]\n* korneyev v . a . nomenclatural changes in the tephritidae ( diptera ) / / vestn . zool . , 2000 , 34 ( 4 ) : 16 .\n81 . korneyev v . a . , dirlbek j . the fruit flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) of syria , jordan and iraq / / studia dipterologica , 2000 , 7 ( 2 ) : 463 - 482 .\n82 . korneyev v . a . new records of oriental ctenostylidae ( diptera acalyptrata ) , with discussion of the position of the family / / vestn . zool . , 2001 , 35 ( 3 ) : 47 - 60 .\n83 . korneyev v . a . a key to genera of palaearctic platystomatidae ( diptera ) , with descriptions of a new genus and new species / / entomological problems ( bratislava ) , 2001 , 32 ( 1 ) : 1 - 16 .\n84 . korneyev v . a . 78 . fam . platystomatidae - signal flies / / keys to insects of far east russia . vol . vi . diptera and fleas . part 2 . vladivostok : dal ' nauka . 2001 : 286 - 295 ( in russian ) .\nkorneyev v . a . new and little known eurasian dithrycini ( diptera , tephritidae ) / / vestn . zool . , 2002 , 36 ( 3 ) : 13 p .\nkorneyev v . a . a revision of the quadratula group of the genus terellia r . - d . ( diptera : tephritidae ) / / i internat . tephritidological symposium ; israel , 2000 . proceedings . , 2002 : 16 p .\nkameneva e . p . & korneyev v . a . myennidini , a new tribe of the subfamily otitinae ( diptera : ulidiidae ) , with discussion of suprageneric classification of the family / / i internat . tephritidological symposium ; israel , 2000 . proceedings . , 2002 : 96 p .\nkorneyev v . a . & ovtshinnikova o . g . 79 . fam . tephritidae / / keys to insects of far east russia . vol . vi . diptera and fleas . part 3 . vladivostok : dal ' nauka . 2002 : 92 p . ( in russian ) .\nseitz a . , zwoelfer h . & korneyev v . a . tephritidae . / / a . raman , c . w . schaeffer & t . m . withers , eds . biology , ecology and evolution of gall - inducuing arthropods . enfield : science publishers . 2002 : 45 p .\nkameneva e . p . & korneyev v . a . family ulidiidae ( = otitidae , pterocallidae ) / / b . brown , f . c . thompson & m . zumbado , ed . manual of central american diptera . 2003 : 4 p .\nkorneyev v . a . family ctenostylidae ( = lochmostylidae ) / / b . brown , f . c . thompson & m . zumbado , ed . manual of central american diptera . 2003 : 18 p .\nkorneyev v . a . family platystomatidae ) / / pape , th . , ed . fauna europea : diptera , 2003 : 4 p .\nsubscription or article purchase required to access item . to verify subscription , access previous purchase , or purchase article , log in to journal ."]}
{"id": 2010, "summary": [{"text": "elachista telcharella is a moth of the elachistidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in the united states , where it has been recorded from california . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "elachista telcharella", "paragraphs": ["home \u00bb guide \u00bb arthropods ( arthropoda ) \u00bb hexapods ( hexapoda ) \u00bb insects ( insecta ) \u00bb butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) \u00bb twirler moths and kin ( gelechioidea ) \u00bb grass miner moths ( elachistidae ) \u00bb elachistinae \u00bb elachista \u00bb bifasciella species group ( elachista bifasciella species group ) \u00bb elachista telcharella - hodges # 1107 . 3 ( elachista telcharella )\nelachista telcharella kaila , 1999 , n . sp . , acta zool . fennica , v . 211 , p . 1 - 235 .\nlauri kaila 1999 : a revision of the nearctic species of the genus elachista s . l . iii . the bifasciella , praelineata , saccharella and freyerella groups ( lepidoptera , elachistidae ) . \u0097 acta zool . fennica 211 .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 6 . 10m ; p . 73 . book review and ordering\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\na variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to calphotos . please follow the usage guidelines provided with each image . use and copyright information , as well as other details about the photo such as the date and the location , are available by clicking on the\nusing this photo this photo and associated text may not be used except with express written permission from kipling will . to obtain permission for personal , academic , commercial , or other uses , or to inquire about high resolution images , prints , fees , or licensing , or if you have other questions , contact kipling will kipwill @ urltoken .\n7777 7777 0410 0472 copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2018 uc regents . all rights reserved .\ngroups are revised , described , and illustrated . a total of 69 species are recognised , of which the following species are described as new :"]}
{"id": 2026, "summary": [{"text": "chionodes hapsus is a moth in the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from southern ontario , new jersey , new york , maryland , kentucky , pennsylvania , ohio , missouri , oklahoma and arkansas .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae feed on quercus alba and quercus macrocarpa . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "chionodes hapsus", "paragraphs": ["chionodes hapsus hodges , 1999 , n . sp . , mona fascicle 7 . 6\nchionodes hapsus hodges , r . w . , 1999 | butterflies and moths of north america\nhome \u00bb guide \u00bb arthropods ( arthropoda ) \u00bb hexapods ( hexapoda ) \u00bb insects ( insecta ) \u00bb butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) \u00bb twirler moths and kin ( gelechioidea ) \u00bb twirler moths ( gelechiidae ) \u00bb gelechiinae \u00bb gelechiini \u00bb chionodes \u00bb chionodes hapsus - hodges # 2061 . 1 ( chionodes hapsus )\nchionodes hapsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 12 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes borzella bidzilya , 2000 ; beitr . ent . 50 ( 2 ) : 391\nchionodes soella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 21\nchionodes aprilella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 24\nchionodes flavipalpella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 33\nchionodes flavipalpella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes caucasiella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 34\nchionodes caucasiella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes frigidella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 50\nchionodes frigidella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes tantella huemer & sattler , 1995 ; beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 64\nchionodes tantella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes attonita ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes ermolaevi bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 422 ; tl : sakhalin\nchionodes grandis clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : silverton , colorado\nchionodes tundra bidzilya , 2012 ; shilap revta lepid . 40 ( 160 ) : 421 ; tl : jamalo - nenetskiy ar\nchionodes pereyra clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 253 ; tl : vero beach , florida\nchionodes stefaniae ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 699 ( list )\nchionodes salicella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 82 ; tl : skeena crossing , cassiar dist . , british colombia\nchionodes acerella sattler , 1967 ; can . ent . 99 : 78 ; tl : izman creek , kamloops distr . , british columbia\nchionodes tessa clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 246 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes canofusella clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 248 ; tl : encantada , brooks co . , texas\nchionodes bicolor clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 250 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes meridiochilensis king & montesinos , 2012 ; acta zool . cracov . 55 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : chile , region de biobio\nchionodes stefaniae schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 177 ; tl : galapagos , isabela , volcan darwin , 630m\nchionodes iridescens clarke , 1947 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 37 : 244 ; tl : american lake , pierce co . , washington\nchionodes pleroma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes scotodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331\nchionodes whitmanella clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 271 ; tl : pullmann , washington\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 6 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , gelechiinae ( part - chionodes )\nthe lepidoptera of white sands national monument , otero county , new mexico , usa 10 . a remarkable new white species of chionodes h\u00fcbner ( gelechiidae )\nchionodes sabinianae powell , 1959 ; ent . news 70 ( 5 ) : 127 ; tl : russelman park , mt diablo , contra costa co . , california\nchionodes soella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes aprilella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 141 , 31 ; [ fe ]\n= chionodes psilopterus ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes cusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 75 ; tl : alamosa , colorado\nchionodes offectus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 57 ; tl : boulder , colorado\nchionodes fimus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 204 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 76 ; tl : schrader lake , alaska\nchionodes tragicella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 139 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes luctuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 140 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes molitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 210 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 36 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes boreas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 43 - 44 ; tl : nordegg , alberta\nchionodes holosericella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 143 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes histon hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 61 ; tl : penticon creek , british columbia\nchionodes perpetuella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 146 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes apolectella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 147 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hayreddini ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hinnella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 149 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes bastuliella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes nebulosella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 152 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes sagayica ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 63 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes nitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 84 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 59 ; tl : berkeley , alameda co , california\nchionodes oecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : palm springs , california\nchionodes lacticoma ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes icriodes ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes litigiosa ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes pentadora ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 ( note ) , 331 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes dryobathra ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 106 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes argosema ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes consona ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes eburata ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 165 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes salva ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 ( note ) , 332 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nchionodes sepultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 60 ; tl : 6 mi nw newcastle , wyoming\nchionodes percultor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 58 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 1 ; tl : washington mtns , near nogales , arizona\nchionodes plutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 91 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 69 ; tl : sanderson , terrell co . , texas\nchionodes nepos hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 71 ; tl : indio , riverside co . , california\nchionodes thyotes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 96 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : southmost , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes soter hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 39 - 41 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois\nchionodes ceryx hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 172 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 13 - 14 ; tl : n key largo , florida\nchionodes rabula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 16 ; tl : parker island , highlands co . , florida\nchionodes cacula hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 61 , 331 , pl . 5 , f . 1 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes emptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 17 ; tl : archbold biologial station , lake placid , florida\nchionodes drapeta hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 63 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 18 ; tl : key largo , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes paean hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 72 ; tl : jacumba , san diego co . , california\nchionodes cibus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 98 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 6 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas\nchionodes occlusus ; [ nacl ] , # 2101 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes suasor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 57 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 14 ; tl : huntsville state park , walker co . , texas\nchionodes esor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 62 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 19 ; tl : big pine key , monroe co . , florida\nchionodes tarmes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 66 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; tl : t2n r14w s31 , allegan co . , michigan\nchionodes macor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 88 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 62 ; tl : saratoga springs , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes irreptor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 143 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 53 ; tl : garner state park , uvalde co . , texas\nchionodes restio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 148 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 58 - 59 ; tl : sonoma , sonoma co . , california\nchionodes ludio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 152 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 64 ; tl : new lisbon , burlington co . , new jersey\nchionodes obelus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 186 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : hayfork ranger station , trinity co . , california\nchionodes kubai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 188 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 43 ; tl : pne hill , el dorado co . , california\nchionodes rectifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 199 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : pensacola , escambia co . , florida\nchionodes aleo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 71 ; tl : cedar pass campground , modoc co . , california\nchionodes rupex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 74 ; tl : green river lake , wind river range , wyoming\nchionodes fictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 219 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 58 ; tl : atigun pass & below , brooks range , alaska\nchionodes praecia hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : vineyard , utah co . , utah\nchionodes pulvis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 69 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : san bruno mtns , san mateo co . , california\nchionodes bios hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 191 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi n prescott , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes tannuolella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 32 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333\nchionodes lictor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 222 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 62 ; tl : mt . shasta city , shasta co . , california\nchionodes procus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 92 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 70 ; tl : gran quivira national monument , socorro co . , new mexico\nchionodes lector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 121 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 25 - 26 ; tl : woodwardia canyon e , riverside co . , california\nchionodes sevir hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 137 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 24 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes baro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 144 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 54 ; tl : highlands , 3865 ' , macon co . , north carolina\nchionodes popa hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 167 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : mint canyon , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes donatella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes petro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 169 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : 2 mi ne lakeside , san diego co . , california\nchionodes dolo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 198 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : dempster highway , km 155 , 1050m , yukon , canada\nchionodes praeco hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 209 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 34 - 35 ; tl : ocqueoc lake , presque isle co . , michigan\nchionodes manabiensis schmitz & landry , 2007 ; rev . suisse zool . 114 : 180 ; tl : ecuador , manabi , parque nacional machalilla , los frailes , s 01\u00b029 . 340 ' , w 80\u00b046 . 868 40m\nchionodes volo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 38 ; tl : fort davis , 5000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes landryi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 76 ; tl : lost river valley , 10 km s onefour , alberta , cadana\nchionodes factor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 60 ; tl : big bear lake , 6800 , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes trico hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 211 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 45 - 46 ; tl : hardy work center , lawrence co . , south dakoa\nchionodes impes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 227 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 70 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : kamiak butte , washington\nchionodes sannio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 70 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes stator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 32 ; tl : 2 . 5 mi west fort simcoe , yakima co . , washington\nchionodes meddix hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 73 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; tl : clear creek camp , se camp verde , yavapai co . , arizona\nchionodes pavor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; tl : camp baldy , san bernardino mtns , san bernardino co . , california\nchionodes pacator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 53 ; tl : mt lowe , san gabriel mtns , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes regens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 61 ; tl : hackberry lake , valenine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes morus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 103 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 22 ; tl : ciervo hills , 18 mi sw medota , fresno co . , califoria\nchionodes cautor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 142 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 52 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes mikkolai hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 33 ; tl : carmacks , 62\u00b005 ' n , 136\u00b020 ' w , yukon , canada\nchionodes franclemonti hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 65 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 2 - 4 ; tl : wrangle brook road , lakehurst , ocean co . , new jersey\nchionodes sanator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 85 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 60 ; tl : sw res sta , 5400 , chiricahua mts , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes repertor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 89 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 65 ; tl : 7 mi e jacob lake , coconino co . , 6800 ' , arizona\nchionodes adamas hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 150 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 61 - 63 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas\nchionodes elainae hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 50 ; tl : onion saddle , 7600 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes hospes hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 196 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 61 - 62 ; tl : 9 mi sw atascadero , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes sponsus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 81 ; tl : sierra diable wildlife management area , 6400 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes theurgis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 213 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 47 ; tl : 4 mi sw buean vista , 8700 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes imber hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 71 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine nationa wildlife reserve , cherry co . , nebraska\nchionodes naevus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 77 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 41 ; tl : cave creek canyon , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes davisi hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 78 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 42 ; tl : southwest research station , 5400 ' , chiricahua mtns , cochise co . , arizona\nchionodes delitor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 58 ; tl : k bar ranch , chisos mtns , 3400 ' , brewster co . , texas\nchionodes bardus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 99 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : santa barbara island , channel island national park , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes metoecus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 125 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 32 - 34 ; tl : snake creek , 3 mi nw midway , wasatch co . , utah\nchionodes optio hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 154 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 32 ; tl : mt locke , davis mtns , 6700 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes agriodes ; [ nacl ] , # 2059 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 202 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes bustosorum metzler , 2016 ; zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 373 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . mon . , 106\u00b01 . 38 ' w ; 32\u00b046 . 60 ' n 4 , 000 '\nchionodes powelli hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ; tl : snake lake , 4 mi nw quincy , 4000 ' , plumas co . , california\nchionodes abavus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 64 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 20 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mts , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes obex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 75 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 39 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes munifex hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 76 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 40 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes sabinianae ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 48 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes rector hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 83 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 56 - 57 ; tl : 5 mi n buena vista , 8200 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes fremor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 128 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes lusor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 130 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 42 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes erro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 134 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 23 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes altor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 141 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 30 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes pinax hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 149 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 60 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes messor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 153 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 65 ; tl : 1 mi ne san marcos pass , 1500 ' , santa barbara co . , california\nchionodes magirus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 157 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 34 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes gestor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 159 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 74 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes bibo hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 162 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 3 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes luror hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 51 ; tl : west fork , 6500 ' , 16 mi sw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes gratus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 203 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 28 ; tl : big timber canyon , 6500 ' , half moon park , crazy mts . , montana\nchionodes senica hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 79 ; tl : hart prairie , 8500 ' , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes dator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 206 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 80 ; tl : louis lake , 28 mi sw lander , 8600 ' , fremont co . , wyoming\nchionodes ustor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 207 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 32 ; tl : bridger forest camp , 7500 ' , wind river mtns , sublette co . , wyoming\nchionodes rogator hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 208 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 82 - 83 ; tl : mosca creek , great sand dunes national monument , alamosa co . , colorado\nchionodes veles hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 212 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 84 ; tl : castles , 8 mi e buena vista , 8800 ' , chaffee co . , colorado\nchionodes gerdius hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 87 ; tl : oso flaco lake , 5 mi s oceano , san luis obispo co . , california\nchionodes latro hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 68 - 69 ; tl : lake delancy , ocala national forest read 75 , mario co . , florida\nchionodes rhombus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 105 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 9 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350\u00e4 , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes tributor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 214 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 48 ; tl : ozena camp , cuyama river , 1 mi e hiway 33 , ventura co . , california\nchionodes ensis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : head of ephraim canyon , 10000 - 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes nubilella ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 35 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes donahueorum hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : mt washington district , 840 ' , los angeles , los angeles co . , california\nchionodes parens hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 136 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 50 - 51 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes adam hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 140 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 28 - 29 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 4880 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes nubis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 156 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 67 - 68 ; tl : hart prairie , 10 mi nnw flagstaff , 8500 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes innox hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 158 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 69 - 73 ; tl : madera canyon , santa rita mtns , 5600 ' , santa cruz co . , arizona\nchionodes canofusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2066 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes psilopterus ; [ nacl ] , # 2111 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 201 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes metallicus ; [ nacl ] , # 2094 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 220 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 59 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes canor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 221 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 25 ; tl : fort valley , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , 7350 ' , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes abitus hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 56 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : cold creek , 5 mi s buck creek ranger station , 6300 ' , modoc co . , california\nchionodes lactans hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 74 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 36 - 37 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes fructuarius ; [ nacl ] , # 2078 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 4 - 5 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes luteogeminatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2091 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes helicostictus ; [ nacl ] , # 2083 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 16 - 18 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pallor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 197 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 20 - 21 ; tl : fort valley , 7350 ' , 7 . 5 mi nw flagstaff , coconino co . , arizona\nchionodes nigrobarbatus ; [ nacl ] , # 2097 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 223 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 65 - 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes praetor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 224 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 67 , pl . 4 , f . 90 ; tl : head ephraim canyon , 10300 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes permactus ; [ nacl ] , # 2106 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 5 , f . 5 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes violacea ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 25 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes distinctella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 42 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 148 , 31 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes clarkei hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 228 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 71 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : steens mt . , fish lake , 7100 , harney co . , oregon\nchionodes electella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 52 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 150 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes fumatella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 59 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 153 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes ignorantella ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 65 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 154 , 32 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes argentipunctella ; [ nacl ] , # 2061 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 55 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 11 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes gilvomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2080 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 59 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes periculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2105 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 80 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes xanthophilella ; [ nacl ] , # 2125 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 66 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes sistrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2116 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 93 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 73 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes hodgesorum metzler , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : new mexico , otero co . , white sands nat . monument , edge of dunes habitat , 106\u00b011 . 32 ' w , 32\u00b045 . 72 ' n , 4000 '\nchionodes paralogella ; [ nacl ] , # 2103 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 100 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 13 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes salicella ; [ nacl ] , # 2114 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 120 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acerella ; [ nacl ] , # 2057 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 124 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes terminimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2117 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 132 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes pastor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 155 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 66 , pl . 4 , f . 33 ; tl : great basin exp staion nr ephraim , 8850 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2076 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 160 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes pseudofondella ; [ nacl ] , # 2110 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 161 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes mariona ; [ nacl ] , # 2092 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 168 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes halycopa ; [ nacl ] , # 2082 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 171 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes hibiscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2084 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 190 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 46 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes aristella ; [ nacl ] , # 2062 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 56 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes mongolica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 333 ; [ me3 ] , 142 , 31 ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes hostis hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 122 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 23 - 24 ; tl : major ' s flat near ephraim canyon , oak / pinyon junipre zone , 7100 ' , sanpete co . , utah\nchionodes fuscomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 6 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes bicostomaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 7 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes lophosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2089 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 67 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 21 - 23 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes nanodella ; [ nacl ] , # 2095 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 68 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 24 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes abella ; [ nacl ] , # 2055 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 79 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 43 - 47 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes kincaidella ; [ nacl ] , # 2086 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 87 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 6 - 9 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pinguicula ; [ nacl ] , # 2109 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 90 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 67 - 68 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes dentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2071 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 95 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 74 - 75 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes abdominella ; [ nacl ] , # 2054 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 97 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 2 - 3 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes dammersi ; [ nacl ] , # 2070 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 101 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 14 - 15 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes notandella ; [ nacl ] , # 2098 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 102 , 331 , pl . 4 , f . 19 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes ochreostrigella ; [ nacl ] , # 2102 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 104 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 7 - 8 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes thoraceochrella ; [ nacl ] , # 2119 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 117 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 13 - 17 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes chrysopyla ; [ nacl ] , # 2068 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 119 , 331 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 21 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes obscurusella ; [ nacl ] , # 2099 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 123 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 27 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes occidentella ; [ nacl ] , # 2100 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 127 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 35 - 37 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes trichostola ; [ nacl ] , # 2120 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 135 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 47 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes acrina ; [ nacl ] , # 2058 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 139 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 25 - 27 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes secutor hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 146 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 55 , pl . 4 , f . 31 ; tl : davis mnts , 5 mi se livermore , 6000 ' , jeff davis co . , texas\nchionodes trophella ; [ nacl ] , # 2121 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 147 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 56 - 57 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes discoocellella ; [ nacl ] , # 2072 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 170 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 11 - 12 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes ceanothiella ; [ nacl ] , # 2067 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 187 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 42 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes aruns hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 189 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 18 , pl . 4 , f . 44 ; tl : sierra diablo , 20 mi nnw van horn , 6000 ' , culberson co . , texas\nchionodes retiniella ; [ nacl ] , # 2112 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 192 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 48 - 49 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes arenella ; [ nacl ] , # 2060 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 193 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 52 - 53 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes figurella ; [ nacl ] , # 2073 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 194 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes braunella ; [ nacl ] , # 2065 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 225 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 91 - 93 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes flavicorporella ; [ nacl ] , # 2074 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 229 , pl . 3 , f . 72 - 73 , 333 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes sattleri hodges , 1999 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 218 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 54 - 56 , pl . 4 , f . 89 ; tl : bog e of big indian lake , halifax watershed , halifax co . , nova scotia\nchionodes ( gelechiini ) ; [ me3 ] , 137 , 31 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 704 , 699 ( list ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes johnstoni ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 76 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 81 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 51 - 52 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes formosella ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes praeclarella ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 200 , 333 , pl . 4 , f . 64 - 67 ; [ me3 ] , 144 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes mediofuscella ; [ nacl ] , # 2093 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 131 , 332 , pl . 2 , f . 43 - 45 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes iridescens ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 75 ; [ nacl ] , # 2085 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 10 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 17\nchionodes pereyra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 109 ; [ nacl ] , # 2104 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 163 , 332 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes grandis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 64 ; [ nacl ] , # 2081 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 195 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 19 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nchionodes tessa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 137 ; [ nacl ] , # 2118 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 82 , 331 , pl . 1 , f . 54 - 55 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes petalumensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 111 ; [ nacl ] , # 2107 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 164 , 332 , pl . 4 , f . 36 - 38 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 18\nchionodes bicolor ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 24 ; [ nacl ] , # 2063 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 29 - 30 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nchionodes whitmanella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 147 ; [ nacl ] , # 2124 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 205 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 31 , pl . 4 , f . 77 - 78 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19\nchionodes viduella ; [ nacl ] , # 2123 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 54 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 215 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 49 ; [ me3 ] , 32 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 19 ; [ fe ]\nchionodes continuella ; [ nacl ] , # 2069 ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & sattler , 1995 , beitr . ent . 45 ( 1 ) : 37 ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 216 , 333 , pl . 3 , f . 52 - 53 , pl . 4 , f . 88 ; [ me3 ] , 145 , 31 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16 ; [ fe ]\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhodges , r . w . , 1999 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 7 . 6 , p . 55 ; pl . 1 . 12 . order\n= ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 15 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 32 , 331\nformosella ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331\nnova scotia , sw . manitoba , north carolina , missouri . see [ maps ]\n= gelechia vernella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 884\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2077 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 50 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nlarva on quercus imrbricaria ? q . rubra , q . velutina , q . alba , ostrya virginiana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52\ncalifornia , oregon , washington , texas , oklahoma , arkansas , louisiana , mississippi , florida . see [ maps ]\nlarva on quercus lobata , q . kelloggii , q . garryana hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 52\nnova scotia , quebec - florida , sw . wisconsin , e . texas , e . oklahoma . see [ maps ]\n= ; [ nacl ] , # 2079 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 16\nlarva on quercus macrocarpa , q . rubra , fagus grandifolia , carya hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 53\n= ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 879 ; [ nacl ] , # 2064 ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1999 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 6 : 54 , 331 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15"]}
{"id": 2029, "summary": [{"text": "typhisopsis is a genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was first described by f\u00e9lix pierre jousseaume in 1880 . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "typhisopsis", "paragraphs": ["typhisopsis jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhisopsis coronatus broderip , w . j . , 1833\nhouart r . & hertz c . m . 2006 . a review of typhisopsis and typhisala ( gastropoda : muricoidea ) of the eastern pacific . the nautilus 120 ( 2 ) : 52 - 65 . [ erratum vol . 123 : 23 ( 2009 ) ] . [ details ]\njousseaume , f . p . ( 1880 ) . division m\u00e9thodique de la famille des purpurid\u00e9s . le naturaliste . 2 ( 42 ) : 335 - 338 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 335 [ details ]\ndiagnosis four heavy , rounded , ropelike varices ; only apertural varix with varical flange ; apertural varix with upward curved , sharp , shoulder spine ; spine of other varices strongly inwards pointed ; tubes near preceding varix , adpressed to preceding partition ; radula different from any other genus . [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nversion 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nthe checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .\nthese documents have a structure that includes a list of the authors , a description of the taxonomic group or subject , and a list of the species that are part of the list .\nthe checklists aren ' t updated regularly , since they require revisions from groups of authors before their publication .\na complete set of a checklist include a pdf document and a table in csv format .\ngustavo jim\u00e9nez - uzc\u00e1tegui , david a . wiedenfeld , f . hern\u00e1n vargas , howard l . snell .\nnathalia tirado - sanchez , john mccosker , diego ruiz , angel chiriboga , stuart banks .\nyves finet , nathalia tirado - sanchez , angel chiriboga , diego ruiz , stuart banks .\nfrank bungartz , frauke ziemmeck , alba y\u00e1nez ayabaca , fredy nugra , andr\u00e9 aptroot .\nanne gu\u00e9zou , susana chamorro , paola pozo , ana mireya guerrero , rachel atkinson , chris buddenhagen , patricia jaramillo d\u00edaz , mark gardener .\ngustavo jim\u00e9nez - uzc\u00e1tegui , javier zabala , brian milstead , howard l . snell .\nto get up - to - date information about our work , please subscribe to our e - newsletter or follow us on our social media platforms .\nevery single donation we receive , no matter how small , counts as we are completely dependent on the generosity of others to carry out our scientific projects . we need your passion , loyalty and continual support .\nthe \u201ccharles darwin foundation for the galapagos islands\u201d , in french \u201cfondation charles darwin pour les \u00eeles galapagos\u201d , association international sans but lucratif ( \u201caisbl\u201d ) , has its registered office located at dr\u00e8ve du pieur\u00e9 19 , 1160 brussels , and is registered under the trade registry of brussels under the number 0409 . 359 . 103 .\nvolutella perry , g . , 1810 type species : volutella divergens perry , g . , 1810\nphyllocoma ( phyllocoma ) tapparone - canefri , c . e . , 1881 type species : phyllocoma ( phyllocoma ) convoluta broderip , w . j . , 1833\nphyllocoma ( galfridus ) iredale , t . , 1924 type species : phyllocoma ( galfridus ) speciosa speciosa angas , g . f . , 1871\nmurex linnaeus , c . , 1758 type species : murex pecten montfort , p . d . de , 1810\nmurex ( murex ) linnaeus , c . , 1758 type species : murex pecten montfort , p . d . de , 1810\nmurex ( promurex ) ponder , w . f . & e . h . vokes , 1988 type species : murex ( promurex ) antelmei viader , r . , 1938\nhaustellum schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : haustellum haustellum linnaeus , c . , 1758\nvokesimurex petuch , e . j . , 1994 type species : vokesimurex messorius sowerby , g . b . ii , 1841\nsiratus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : siratus senegalensis gmelin , j . f . , 1791\nbolinus pusch , g . g . , 1837 type species : bolinus brandaris brandaris linnaeus , c . , 1758\nhexaplex perry , g . , 1810 type species : hexaplex foliacea perry , g . , 1811\nhexaplex ( hexaplex ) perry , g . , 1810 type species : hexaplex foliacea perry , g . , 1811\nhexaplex ( muricanthus ) swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : hexaplex ( muricanthus ) radix gmelin , j . f . , 1791\nhexaplex ( trunculariopsis ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1921 type species : hexaplex ( trunculariopsis ) trunculus trunculus linnaeus , c . , 1758\nchicoreus montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( chicoreus ) ramosus linnaeus , c . , 1758\nchicoreus ( chicoreus ) montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( chicoreus ) ramosus linnaeus , c . , 1758\nchicoreus ( chicopinnatus ) houart , r . , 1992 type species : chicoreus ( chicopinnatus ) orchidiflorus shikama , t . , 1973\nchicoreus ( rhizophorimurex ) oyama , k . , 1950 type species : chicoreus ( rhizophorimurex ) capucinus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822\nchicoreus ( triplex ) perry , g . , 1810 type species : chicoreus ( triplex ) foliatus perry , g . , 1810\nchicomurex arakawa , k . y . , 1964 type species : chicomurex superbus sowerby , g . b . iii , 1889\nnaquetia jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : naquetia triqueter born , i . von , 1778\nphyllonotus swainson , w . a . , 1833 type species : murex imperialis swainson , w . a . , 1831\npterynotus ( pterynotus ) swainson , w . a . , 1833 type species : murex pinnatus swainson , w . a . , 1822\npterynotus ( pterymarchia ) houart , r . , 1995 type species : pterynotus ( pterymarchia ) tripterus born , i . von , 1778\ntimbellus gregorio , a . de , 1885 type species : timbellus latifolius bellardi , l . , 1872\npterochelus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pterochelus acanthopterus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816\npurpurellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : purpurellus gambiensis reeve , l . a . , 1845\ningensia houart , r . , 2001 type species : ingensia ingens houart , r . , 1987\nponderia houart , r . , 1986 type species : ponderia zealandica hutton , f . w . , 1873\nprototyphis ponder , w . f . , 1972 type species : prototyphis angasi crosse , h . , 1863\npoirieria ( poirieria ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : poirieria ( poirieria ) zelandica quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833\npoirieria ( actinotrophon ) dall , w . h . , 1902 type species : poirieria ( actinotrophon ) actinophora dall , w . h . , 1889\npaziella ( paziella ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : paziella ( paziella ) pazi crosse , h . , 1869\npaziella ( bouchetia ) houart , r . & v . h\u00e9ros , 2008 type species : paziella ( bouchetia ) vaubanensis houart , r . , 1986\npaziella ( flexopteron ) shuto , t . , 1969 type species : paziella ( flexopteron ) philippinensis shuto , t . , 1969\ncalotrophon ( calotrophon ) hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : calotrophon bristolae hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951\ncalotrophon ( panamurex ) woodring , w . p . , 1959 type species : calotrophon ( panamurex ) gatunensis brown , a . & h . a . pilsbry , 1911\nattiliosa emerson , w . k . , 1968 type species : coralliophila incompta berry , s . s . , 1960\naspella m\u00f6rch , o . a . l . , 1877 type species : aspella anceps lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822\ndermomurex monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1890 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974\ndermomurex ( dermomurex ) monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1890 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974\ndermomurex ( gracilimurex ) thiele , j . , 1929 type species : murex bicolor thiele , j . , 1929\ndermomurex ( takia ) kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : murex inermis sowerby , g . b . ii , 1841\ndermomurex ( trialatella ) berry , s . s . , 1964 type species : dermomurex ( trialatella ) cunninghamae berry , s . s . , 1964\ndermomurex ( viator ) vokes , e . h . , 1974 type species : dermomurex ( viator ) antonius vokes , e . h . , 1974\ntyphis ( typhis ) montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : typhis ( typhis ) tubifer brugui\u00e8re , j . g . , 1792\ntyphis ( brasityphis ) absal\u00e3o , r . s . & f . n . dos santos , 2003 type species : typhis ( brasityphis ) barrosi absal\u00e3o , r . s . & f . n . dos santos , 2003\ntyphis ( haustellotyphis ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis ( haustellotyphis ) cumingii broderip , w . j . , 1833\ntyphis ( hirtotyphis ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis ( hirtotyphis ) horridus brocchi , g . b . , 1814\nmonstrotyphis habe , t . , 1961 type species : monstrotyphis tosaensis azuma , m . , 1960\nrugotyphis vella , p . , 1961 type species : rugotyphis francescae finlay , h . j . , 1924\ntyphina jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhina belcheri broderip , w . j . , 1833\ntyphinellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : typhis sowerbii broderip , w . j . , 1833\nsiphonochelus ( siphonochelus ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : siphonochelus ( siphonochelus ) arcuatus hinds , r . b . , 1843\nsiphonochelus ( choreotyphis ) iredale , t . , 1936 type species : siphonochelus ( choreotyphis ) pavlova iredale , t . , 1936\nsiphonochelus ( distichotyphis ) keen , a . m . & g . b . campbell , 1964 type species : siphonochelus ( distichotyphis ) vemae keen , a . m . & g . b . campbell , 1964\nsiphonochelus ( laevityphis ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1903 type species : typhis ( typhis ) coronarius deshayes , g . p . , 1865\nsiphonochelus ( trubatsa ) dall , w . h . , 1889 type species : siphonochelus ( trubatsa ) longicornis dall , w . h . , 1888\ntyphisala jousseaume , f . p . , 1881 type species : typhisala grandis adams , a . , 1855\ncinclidotyphis dushane , h . , 1969 type species : cinclidotyphis myrae dushane , h . , 1969\npterotyphis jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pterotyphis pinnatus broderip , w . j . , 1833\ntripterotyphis pilsbry , h . a . & h . n . lowe , 1932 type species : tripterotyphis lowei lowei pilsbry , h . a . , 1931\nmuricopsis ( muricopsis ) bucquoy , e . j . , ph . dautzenberg & g . f . dollfus , 1882 type species : muricopsis ( muricopsis ) blainvillei payraudeau , b . - c . , 1826\nmuricopsis ( risomurex ) olsson , a . a . & t . l . mcginty , 1958 type species : muricopsis ( risomurex ) deformis reeve , l . a . , 1846\nrolandiella marshall , b . a . & k . w . burch , 2000 type species : rolandiella scotti marshall , b . a . & k . w . burch , 2000\nmurexsul iredale , t . , 1915 type species : murexsul octogonus quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833\nacanthotrophon hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : acanthotrophon sorenseni hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951\nbizetiella radwin , g . e . & a . d ' attilio , 1972 type species : bizetiella carmen lowe , h . n . , 1935\nevokesia radwin , g . e . & a . d ' attilio , 1972 type species : pascula rufonotata carpenter , p . p . , 1864\nfavartia jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : favartia ( favartia ) brevicula sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834\nfavartia ( favartia ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : favartia ( favartia ) brevicula sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834\nfavartia ( caribiella ) perilliat , urltoken c . , 1971 type species : favartia ( caribiella ) alveata kiener , l . c . , 1842\nfavartia ( pygmaepterys ) vokes , e . h . , 1978 type species : favartia alfredensis bartsch , p . , 1915\nhomalocantha m\u00f6rch , o . a . l . , 1852 type species : homalocantha scorpio linnaeus , c . , 1758\nmaxwellia baily , w . b . , 1950 type species : maxwellia gemma sowerby , g . b . ii , 1879\nfavartia ( murexiella ) clench , w . j . & i . p\u00e9rez farfante , 1945 type species : favartia ( murexiella ) hidalgoi crosse , h . , 1869\nfavartia ( subpterynotus ) olsson , a . a . & a . harbison , 1953 type species : favartia ( subpterynotus ) textilis gabb , w . m . , 1873\npradoxa fernandes , f . & e . m . rol\u00e1n , 1993 type species : pradoxa confirmata fernandes , f . & e . m . rol\u00e1n , 1990\nxastilia bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1994 type species : xastilia kosugei bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1994\nvitularia swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : vitularia miliaris gmelin , j . f . , 1791\npazinotus vokes , e . h . , 1978 type species : pazinotus stimpsonii dall , w . h . , 1889\nafricanella vermeij , g . j . & r . houart , 1999 type species : africanella isaacsi houart , r . , 1984\nxanthochorus fischer , p . , 1884 type species : purpura xanthostoma broderip , w . j . , 1833\nceratostoma herrmannsen , a . n . , 1846 type species : ceratostoma nuttalli conrad , t . a . , 1837\nchicocenebra bouchet , ph . & r . houart , 1996 type species : chicocenebra gubbi reeve , l . a . , 1849\nchorus gray , j . e . , 1847 type species : chorus giganteus lesson , r . p . , 1831\ncrassilabrum jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : crassilabrum crassilabrum sowerby , g . b . ii , 1834\neupleura adams , a . in adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : eupleura caudata say , t . , 1822\nforreria jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : forreria belcheri hinds , r . b . , 1843\nforreria ( austrotrophon ) dall , w . h . , 1902 type species : forreria ( austrotrophon ) cerrosensis dall , w . h . , 1891\nforreria ( zacatrophon ) hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951 type species : forreria ( zacatrophon ) beebei hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1948\ngenkaimurex kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : genkaimurex varicosus kuroda , t . , 1953\nhadriania bucquoy , e . j . & ph . dautzenberg , 1882 type species : murex craticulatus brocchi , g . b . , 1814\ninermicosta jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : inermicosta inermicosta vokes , e . h . , 1964\njaton pusch , g . g . , 1837 type species : jaton decussatus gmelin , j . f . , 1791\nnucella r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798 type species : buccinum filosum gmelin , j . f . , 1791\nnucella ( acanthina ) fischer von waldheim , g . , 1870 type species : buccinum monoceros chemnitz , j . h . , 1786\nnucella ( acanthinucella ) cooke , a . h . , 1918 type species : nucella ( acanthinucella ) punctulata sowerby , g . b . i , 1825\nocinebrina jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : murex corallinus scacchi , a . , 1836\npteropurpura ( pteropurpura ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pteropurpura ( pteropurpura ) macroptera macroptera deshayes , g . p . , 1839\nocinebrellus jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : ocinebrellus eurypteron reeve , l . a . , 1845\npteropurpura ( calcitrapessa ) berry , s . s . , 1959 type species : pteropurpura ( calcitrapessa ) leeana dall , w . h . , 1890\npteropurpura ( poropteron ) jousseaume , f . p . , 1880 type species : pteropurpura ( poropteron ) uncinaria lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822\npterorytis conrad , t . a . , 1863 type species : pterorytis umbrifer conrad , t . a . , 1862\nocenebra gray , j . e . , 1847 type species : ocenebra erinacea linnaeus , c . , 1758\nroperia dall , w . h . , 1898 type species : roperia poulsoni carpenter , p . p . , 1864\nocenotrophon mclean , j . h . , 1995 type species : ocenotrophon painei dall , w . h . , 1904\ntrochia swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : trochia cingulata linnaeus , c . , 1771\nurosalpinx stimpson , w . , 1865 type species : urosalpinx cinerea say , t . , 1822\nvaughtia houart , r . , 1995 type species : vaughtia babingtoni sowerby , g . b . iii , 1892\ntrophon montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : murex magellanicus gmelin , j . f . , 1791\nafritrophon tomlin , j . r . le b . , 1947 type species : afritrophon kowieensis sowerby , g . b . iii , 1901\nanatrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : anatrophon sarmentosus hedley , c . & w . l . may , 1908\nboreotrophon fischer , p . , 1884 type species : boreotrophon clathratus linnaeus , c . , 1767\nnodulotrophon habe , t . & k . ito , 1965 type species : trophon dalli kobelt , w . , 1878\ncoronium simone , l . r . l . de , 1996 type species : coronium oblongum simone , l . r . l . de , 1996\nenatimene iredale , t . , 1929 type species : enatimene simplex hedley , c . , 1903\nenixotrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : enixotrophon carduelis watson , r . b . , 1882\nfuegotrophon powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : fuegotrophon pallidus broderip , w . j . in broderip , w . j . & g . b . i sowerby , 1833\nleptotrophon houart , r . , 1995 type species : leptotrophon caroae houart , r . , 1995\nlitozamia iredale , t . , 1929 type species : litozamia rudolphi brazier , j . in henn , a . u . , 1894\nscabrotrophon mclean , j . h . , 1996 type species : scabrotrophon maltzani kobelt , w . & h . c . k\u00fcster , 1878\nstramonitrophon powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : stramonitrophon laciniatus dillwyn , l . w . , 1817\nminortrophon finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : minortrophon crassiliratus suter , h . h . , 1908\nbenthoxystus iredale , t . , 1929 type species : benthoxystus columnarius hedley , c . & w . l . may , 1908\nconchatalos houart , r . , 1995 type species : conchatalos lacrima houart , r . , 1991\ngemixystus iredale , t . , 1929 type species : gemixystus laminatus petterd , w . f . , 1884\nnipponotrophon kuroda , t . & t . habe in kuroda , t . , t . habe & k . oyama , 1971 type species : boreotrophon echinus dall , w . h . , 1918\nabyssotrophon egorov , r . v . , 1993 type species : abyssotrophon ruthenicus egorov , r . v . , 1993\nxenotrophon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : xenotrophon euschema iredale , t . , 1929\naxymene finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : axymene turbator finlay , h . j . , 1927\ncomptella finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : comptella curta murdoch , r . , 1905\nparatrophon finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : paratrophon cheesemani cheesemani hutton , f . w . , 1882\nterefundus finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : terefundus crispulatus suter , h . h . , 1908\ntrophonopsis bucquoy , e . j . , ph . dautzenberg & g . f . dollfus , 1882 type species : trophonopsis muricata montagu , g . , 1803\nxymene iredale , t . , 1915 type species : xymene plebeius hutton , f . w . , 1873\nxymenella finlay , h . j . , 1927 type species : xymenella pusilla suter , h . h . , 1907\nxymenopsis powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : xymenopsis liratus gould , a . a . , 1849\nzeatrophon finlay , h . j . , 1927 type species : zeatrophon ambiguus philippi , r . a . , 1844\ntrophonella harasewych , m . g . & g . pastorino , 2010 type species : trophonella scotiana powell , a . w . b . , 1951\npagodula monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1884 type species : pagodula echinata kiener , l . c . , 1840\nhaustrum perry , g . , 1811 type species : haustrum zealandicum perry , g . , 1811\nlepsiella iredale , t . , 1912 type species : haustrum scobina quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833\nbedeva iredale , t . , 1924 type species : trophon hanleyi angas , g . f . , 1867\nergalatax iredale , t . , 1931 type species : ergalatax recurrens iredale , t . , 1931\nbedevina habe , t . , 1946 type species : bedevina birileffi lischke , c . e . , 1871\ncronia adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : cronia ( cronia ) amygdala kiener , l . c . , 1835\ncronia ( cronia ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : cronia ( cronia ) amygdala kiener , l . c . , 1835\ncronia ( usilla ) adams , h . g . , 1860 type species : cronia ( usilla ) avenacea lesson , r . p . , 1842\ncytharomorula kuroda , t . , 1953 type species : cytharomorula vexillum kuroda , t . , 1953\ndaphnellopsis schepman , m . m . , 1913 type species : daphnellopsis lamellosa schepman , m . m . , 1913\ndrupella thiele , j . , 1925 type species : purpura elata blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832\nlataxiena jousseaume , f . p . , 1883 type species : lataxiena lataxiena jousseaume , f . p . , 1883\nlindapterys petuch , e . j . , 1987 type species : lindapterys vokesae petuch , e . j . , 1987\nmaculotriton dall , w . h . , 1904 type species : triton bracteatus hinds , r . b . , 1844\nmorula schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : morula papillosa schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817\nmorula ( morula ) schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : morula ( morula ) uva r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798\nmorula ( azumamorula ) emerson , w . k . , 1968 type species : morula ( azumamorula ) mutica lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816\nmorula ( habromorula ) houart , r . , 1995 type species : morula ( habromorula ) biconica blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832\nmuricodrupa iredale , t . , 1918 type species : muricodrupa fenestrata blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832\noppomorus iredale , t . , 1937 type species : oppomorus noduliferus menke , k . t . , 1829\norania pallary . m . p . , 1900 type species : murex spadae libassi , i . , 1859\npascula dall , w . h . , 1908 type species : pascula citrica dall , w . h . , 1908\nphrygiomurex dall , w . h . , 1904 type species : phrygiomurex sculptilis reeve , l . a . , 1844\nroquesia petuch , e . j . , 2013 type species : roquesia lindae petuch , e . j . , 2013\nspinidrupa habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1966 type species : spinidrupa euracantha adams , a . , 1853\ntenguella arakawa , k . y . , 1965 type species : tenguella granulata duclos , p . l . , 1832\ntrachypollia woodring , w . p . , 1928 type species : trachypollia sclera woodring , w . p . , 1928\nuttleya marwick , j . , 1934 type species : uttleya arcana marwick , j . , 1934\ndrupa r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798 type species : drupa morum morum r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798\ndrupa ( drupina ) dall , w . h . , 1923 type species : ricinula digitata lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816\ndrupa ( ricinella ) schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : unknowngenustype\nrapana schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : rapana bezoar linnaeus , c . , 1767\npurpura brugui\u00e8re , j . g . , 1789 type species : purpura persica linnaeus , c . , 1758\nplicopurpura cossmann , a . e . m . , 1903 type species : plicopurpura columellaris lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822\nneorapana cooke , a . h . , 1918 type species : neorapana muricata broderip , w . j . , 1832\nthais r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798 type species : thais ( thais ) nodosa nodosa linnaeus , c . , 1758\nthais ( thais ) r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798 type species : thais ( thais ) nodosa nodosa linnaeus , c . , 1758\nthais ( mancinella ) link , h . f . , 1807 type species : thais ( mancinella ) mancinella linnaeus , c . , 1758\nthais ( thalessa ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : tylothais aculeata deshayes , g . p . , 1844\nvasula m\u00f6rch , o . a . l . , 1860 type species : vasula melones duclos , p . l . , 1832\ntribulus adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : tribulus planospira lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822\nthaisella clench , w . j . , 1947 type species : thaisella coronata lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816\ncymia m\u00f6rch , o . a . l . , 1860 type species : cymia sulcata swainson , w . a . , 1840\ndicathais macpherson , j . h . & c . j . gabriel , 1962 type species : dicathais orbita gmelin , j . f . , 1791\nvexilla swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : vexilla picta swainson , w . a .\nconcholepas lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1801 type species : concholepas peruviana lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1801\npinaxia adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : pinaxia coronata adams , a . , 1851\nneothais iredale , t . , 1912 type species : neothais smithi brazier , j . in etheridge , r . , 1889\nreishia kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1971 type species : reishia bronni dunker , r . w . , 1860\nsemiricinula martens , e . c . von , 1904 type species : semiricinula muricina blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832\nstramonita schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : stramonita haemastoma haemastoma linnaeus , c . , 1767\nagnewia tenison - woods , j . e . , 1878 type species : purpura typica dunker , r . w .\nacanthais vermeij , g . j . & h . h . kool , 1994 type species : acanthais brevidentata wood , w . , 1828\ntaurasia bellardi , l . , 1882 type species : taurasia subfusiformis orbigny , a . v . m . d . d ' , 1852\nnassa r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798 type species : nassa picta r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798\nindothais claremont , m . , g . j . vermeij , s . t . williams & d . g . reid , 2013 type species : indothais lacera born , i . von , 1778\ntylothais houart , r . , 2017 type species : tylothais savignyi deshayes , g . p . in lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1844\ncoralliophila adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) neritoidea lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816\ncoralliophila ( coralliophila ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) neritoidea lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816\ncoralliophila ( coralliobia ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : coralliophila ( coralliobia ) fimbriata adams , a . , 1854\ncoralliophila ( pseudomurex ) monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1872 type species : coralliophila ( coralliophila ) aedonia watson , r . b . , 1886\nbabelomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus babelis r\u00e9quien , e . , 1848\nbabelomurex ( babelomurex ) coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus babelis r\u00e9quien , e . , 1848\nbabelomurex ( echinolatiaxis ) kosuge , s . , 1979 type species : babelomurex echinatus azuma , m . , 1960\nbabelomurex ( laevilatiaxis ) kosuge , s . , 1974 type species : babelomurex ( laevilatiaxis ) fruticosus kosuge , s . , 1979\nbabelomurex ( lamellatiaxis ) habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1970 type species : babelomurex ( babelomurex ) marumai habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1970\nbabelomurex ( tarantellaxis ) habe , t . , 1970 type species : babelomurex ( tarantellaxis ) kuroharai habe , t . , 1970\nemozamia iredale , t . , 1929 type species : emozamia licina hedley , c . & w . f . petterd , 1906\nfusomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : murex alucoides blainville , h . m . d . de , 1829\ngaleropsis hupp\u00e9 , l . - h . , 1860 type species : galeropsis lavenayanus hupp\u00e9 , l . - h . , 1860\nhirtomurex coen , g . s . , 1922 type species : fusus lamellosus philippi , r . a . , 1836\nlatiaxis swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : latiaxis mawae gray , j . e . in griffith , e . & e . pidgeon , 1834\nmagilus montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : magilus antiquus montfort , p . d . de , 1810\nmipus gregorio , a . de , 1885 type species : mipus gyratus hinds , r . b . , 1844\nquoyula iredale , t . , 1912 type species : quoyula monodonta blainville , h . m . d . de , 1832\nrapa r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798 type species : rapa rapa linnaeus , c . , 1758\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc869 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc9b6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32336b46 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3282cec0 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3282d04a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 384a8362 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nbieler r . bouchet p . dijkstra h . faber m . finn j . garcia - alvarez o . gofas s . la perna r . marshall b . moretzsohn f . neubauer t . a . rosenberg g . sartori a . f . schneider s . taylor j . ter poorten j . j . & vos c . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . worms mollusca : molluscabase ( version 2018 - 06 - 06 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 970b7e85 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\n. if you continue to use the site we will assume that you agree with this .\nfounded in 1985 we are specialized in worldwide literature on mollusca and marine invertebrates . our publishing house has meanwhile published approximately 60 titles on that field of interest . we have stocks of most available international books on malacology and a huge amount of antiquarian literature , even of the latter most titles are only available once .\nall prices are in \u00bf ( euro ) net ( customers of the eu have to pay additional 7 % vat ) plus postage and handling ( reg . book - parcel , approx . 6 , 00 \u00bf / kg plus 3 , 00 \u00bf registration ) .\nplease don ' t mix up the sign \u00bf ( euro ) with us - $ ! transport on the buyers risk .\npayment is due on receipt of invoice and may be made by internet or money transfer to our bank account . we also accept visa - or euro / mastercard credit cards as well as paypal free of charge . for payments by private cheque , not drawn . . .\ndie ware wird in der regel innerhalb von 2 tagen nach bestelleingang verschickt . bitte entnehmen sie den voraussichtlichen liefertermin ihrer bestellbest\u00e4tigung . die versandkostenpauschalen basieren auf durchschnittswerten f\u00fcr 1 kg schwere b\u00fccher . \u00fcber abweichende kosten ( z . b . wegen eines sehr schweren buches ) werden sie gegebenenfalls vom verk\u00e4ufer informiert . f\u00fcr kunden des eu - inlandes wird die erm\u00e4\u00dfigte deutsche mehrwertsteuer in h\u00f6he von 7 % zus\u00e4tzlich auf buch und versand erhoben\nby using the web site , you confirm that you have read , understood , and agreed to be bound by the terms and conditions . \u00a9 1996 - 2018 abebooks inc . all rights reserved . abebooks , the abebooks logo , abebooks . com ,\npassion for books .\nand\npassion for books . books for your passion .\nare registered trademarks with the registered us patent & trademark office ."]}
{"id": 2041, "summary": [{"text": "cerace sardias is a species of moth of the family tortricidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in assam , india .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 40 \u2013 42 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are bright yellow , the base with a bluish-black shining streak .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are bright yellow , the apical part dull brownish black . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "cerace sardias", "paragraphs": ["sardias meyrick , 1907 ( cerace ) , j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 : 748 . tl : india , assam , khasi hills . lectotype : bmnh . female .\ncerace is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily tortricinae of the family tortricidae .\nloxodes meyrick , 1912 ( cerace ) , exotic microlepid . 1 : 19 . tl : india , tenasserim . holotype : calcm . female .\ntetraonis butler , 1886 ( cerace ) , proc . zool . soc . london 1886 : 394 . tl : pakistan , lectotype : bmnh . unknown .\ndiehli buchsbaum & miller , 2002 ( cerace ) , heterocera sumatrana 12 ( 3 ) : 156 . tl : indonesia , sumatra . holotype : zsm . male .\nios diakonoff , 1941 ( cerace ) , treubia 18 : 30 . tl : borneo , northeast borneo ( mt . kinabalu ) . holotype : mnhu . female .\nvietnamna kawabe , 1993 ( cerace ) , ty to ga 44 : 99 . tl : north vietnam , mt . tam dao . holotype : usnm . female .\nmyriopa meyrick , 1922 ( cerace ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 497 . tl : china , sichuan province , tse - chuan . holotype : mnhn . female .\nonustana walker , 1863 ( cerace ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 423 . tl : nepal , holotype : bmnh . male .\nnepalensis diakonoff , 1976 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , zool . verh . leiden 144 : 71 . tl : nepal . tamba kosi . holotype : zsm . female .\nmalayana diakonoff , 1970 ( cerace ) , tijdschr . ent . 113 : 101 . tl : malay peninsula , malay states ( bukit kutu ) . holotype : bmnh . female .\nstipatana walker , 1863 ( cerace ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 422 . tl : india , silhert . lectotype : bmnh . male .\ntonkinana heppner , 2010 ( cerace ) , lepid . novae 3 : 182 . tl : vietnam , ha toy province , ba vi national park . holotype : fsca . male .\nsemnologa diakonoff , 1976 ( cerace ) , zool . verh . leiden 144 : 70 . tl : nepal , province no . 3 east , junbesi . holotype : zsm . male .\nperdicina moore , in hewitson & moore , 1888 ( cerace ) , descr . indian lepid . ins . : 279 . tl : india . bangla , darjiling . holotype : mnhu . male .\ncharidotis razowski , 1992 ( cerace ) , shilap revta . lepid . 20 : 108 . tl : vietnam , vietnam ( tam dao , 50 km nw hanoi ) . holotype : isez . female .\nclara diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 211 . tl : india . holotype : bmnh . male .\nanthera diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 194 . tl : ? , siao - lou . holotype : bmnh . male .\nobscura diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace guttana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 202 . tl : india . bengal . holotype : bmnh . female .\nexul diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 212 tl : china . chusan island . holotype : bmnh . male .\nsinensis diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 212 . tl : china . ichang , chang yang . holotype : bmnh . male .\nxanthothrix diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 208 . tl : india , assam , naga hills . holotype : bmnh . male .\nguttana felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( cerace ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 138 , fig . 51 . tl : india . holotype : bmnh . female .\ncyanopyga diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 205 . tl : india , burma [ myanmar ] ( maymyo ) . holotype : bmnh . male .\neuchrysa diakonoff , 1974 ( cerace ) , annls soc . ent . fr . ( n . s . ) 10 ( 1 ) : 220 . tl : thailand , northern thailand ( chiengmai ) . holotype : ncb . male .\nformosana diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 211 tl : taiwan . ( koshum , gyocha ) . holotype : bmnh . female .\narchimedis diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace tetraonis ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 193 . tl : india . khasis , cherra punji . holotype : bmnh . female .\nxanthocosma diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 197 . tl : japan , honshu , yamato [ nara prefecture ] . holotype : bmnh . male .\nlemeepauli leme , in leme & tams , 1950 ( cerace ) , contrib . lpid . haut - tonkin : 61 . tl : vietnam , vietnam ( haut - tonkin ) . ( nord - vietnam ) saigon . holotype : ncb . female .\nbirmensis diakonoff , 1950 ( cerace stipatana ssp . ) , bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) ent . 1 : 210 . tl : india . burma [ myanmar ] ( ruby mines district , kosemba ) . holotype : bmnh . male .\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nbaixeras , j . , brown , j . w . , and gilligan , t . m .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nunless noted , all images on these pages are copyright \u00a9 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more"]}
{"id": 2055, "summary": [{"text": "urodeta cuspidis is a moth of the elachistidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in cameroon .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 5.6-6.1 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the thorax , tegula and forewing are strongly mottled with scales which are white basally and brown distally .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are brownish grey .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded in early may . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "urodeta cuspidis", "paragraphs": ["urodeta cuspidis prins & sruoga , 2012 , sp . n . - plazi treatmentbank\nurodeta cuspidis sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 4 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08\u00b025 ' n 012\u00b047 ' e , 275m\nfigures 61 \u2013 63 . urodeta cuspidis , sp . n . , male genitalia . 61 , ventral view ; 62 , lateral view . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 000005286 ; 63 , juxta region , dorsal view . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5284 . in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal .\nfigures 56 \u2013 60 . urodeta cuspidis , sp . n . 56 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 57 , head , latero - frontal view . holotype . specimen id : rmca ent 000005283 ; 58 , general view of male genitalia . holotype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 612 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005283 ; 59 , phallus ( arrow pointing to apex of juxta lobe ) ; 60 , basal part of phallus . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 614 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 . . .\nurodela [ = urodeta ] stainton , 1869 ; tineina south . europe : 226 ; ts : urodela [ sic ] cisticolella stainton\ntype species : urodeta cisticolella stainton , 1869 [ = u . hibernella staudinger , 1859 ] . the tineina of southern europe : 226 . by monotypy .\nurodeta absidata sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 4 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08\u00b023 ' n 012\u00b049 ' e , 275m\nurodeta aculeata sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 4 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08\u00b025 ' n 012\u00b047 ' e , 275m\nurodeta crenata sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 7 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 275m , 08\u00b023 ' n 012\u00b040 ' e\nurodeta falciferella ; kaila & sugisima , 2011 , monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 16 ; de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 54 ; [ afromoths ]\nurodeta faro sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 9 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08\u00b023 ' n 012\u00b049 ' e , 275m\nurodeta gnoma ; kaila & sugisima , 2011 , monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 16 ; de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 55 ; [ afromoths ]\nurodeta maculata ; kaila & sugisima , 2011 , monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 16 ; de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 55 ; [ afromoths ]\nurodeta quadrifida sruoga & de prins , 2012 ; zootaxa 3488 : 48 ; tl : s . africa , gauteng , 1000m , tswaing crater reserve , 26\u00b028 ' s 23\u00b046 ' e\nurodeta taeniata ; kaila & sugisima , 2011 , monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 16 ; de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 56 ; [ afromoths ]\nurodeta tortuosa sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 10 ; tl : cameroon , north prov . , faro river camp , 08\u00b023 ' n 012\u00b049 ' e , 275m\nurodeta trilobata sruoga & de prins , 2012 ; zootaxa 3488 : 51 ; tl : s . africa , gauteng , 1100m , tswaing crater reserve , 25\u00b024 ' s 28\u00b005 ' e\nurodeta acinacella sruoga & de prins , 2012 ; zootaxa 3488 : 48 , 53 ; tl : s . africa , gauteng , 1100m , tswaing crater reserve , 25\u00b024 ' s 28\u00b005 ' e\nurodeta acerba sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 5 ; tl : democratic republic of the congo , bas - congo , nature res . luki - mayumbe , 05\u00b027 ' s 13\u00b005 ' e , 320m\nurodeta bucera sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 6 ; tl : democratic republic of the congo , bas - congo , nature res . luki - mayumbe , 05\u00b027 ' s 13\u00b005 ' e , 320m\nurodeta talea sruoga & de prins , 2011 ; zootaxa 3008 : 9 ; tl : democratic republic of the congo , bas - congo , nature res . luki - mayumbe , 05\u00b027 ' s 13\u00b005 ' e , 320m\nsruoga v . & de prins j . 2012 . a review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus urodeta ( lepidoptera : elachistidae : elachistinae ) , with description of new species . - zootaxa : 1\u201322 .\nurodeta inusta kaila , 2011 ; monogr . austr . lepid . 11 : 45 , pl . 1 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : western australia , 163km se by e broome , 18\u00b049 ' s 123\u00b017 ' e\nprins , jurate de & sruoga , virginijus , 2012 , a review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus urodeta ( lepidoptera : elachistidae : elachistinae ) , with description of new species , zootaxa 3488 , pp . 41 - 62 : 54\nfigures 75 \u2013 76 . urodeta talea , sp . n . , male genitalia . 75 , lateral view ; 76 , juxta and phallus . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 620 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5269 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 54 \u2013 55 . urodeta crenata , sp . n . , male genitalia . 54 , ventral view of valvae . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 000005276 ; 55 , lateral view . holotype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5272 . in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal .\nfigures 87 \u2013 88 . urodeta tortuosa , sp . n . , female genitalia , holotype . 87 , caudal part ; 88 , colliculum region ( arrow pointing to spines in colliculum ) . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 624 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5288 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 72 \u2013 74 . urodeta talea , sp . n . , holotype . 72 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 73 , head , frontal view ; 74 , general view of male genitalia . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 616 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 4118 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 83 \u2013 86 . urodeta tortuosa , sp . n . , holotype . 83 , adult female . scale bar 1 mm ; 84 , head , frontal view ; 85 , caudal part of female genitalia ; 86 , ductus and corpus bursae . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 624 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5288 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 64 \u2013 67 . urodeta faro , sp . n . , holotype . 64 , adult female . scale bar 1 mm ; 65 , head , frontal view ; 66 , caudal part of female genitalia ; 67 , ductus and corpus bursae . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 622 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5282 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 50 \u2013 53 . urodeta crenata , sp . n . , holotype . 50 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 51 , head , frontal view ; 52 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 53 , phallus . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 610 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5272 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 33 \u2013 36 . urodeta aculeata , sp . n . , holotype . 33 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 34 , head , latero - frontal view ; 35 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 36 , phallus . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 601 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5275 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 68 \u2013 71 . urodeta faro , sp . n . , female genitalia . 68 , caudal part , enlarged ; 69 , colliculum ; 70 , ductus bursae . holotype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 622 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005282 ; 71 , corpus bursae . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 623 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5287 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 19 \u2013 22 . urodeta absidata , sp . n . 19 , male genitalia , ventral view ; 20 , male genitalia , lateral view . holotype , in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal . specimen id : rmca ent 000005274 ; 21 , female genitalia , caudal part ; 22 , ductus and corpus bursae . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 595 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5931 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 29 \u2013 32 . urodeta acerba , sp . n . , female genitalia . 29 , caudal part ; 30 , ductus and corpus bursae ; 31 , caudal part , enlarged . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 598 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5280 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm ; 32 , corpus bursae , in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5289 .\nfigures 13 \u2013 18 . urodeta absidata , sp . n . , holotype . 13 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 14 , head , frontal view ; 15 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 16 , phallus ; 17 , apical part of male genitalia ( arrow pointing to cusp - shaped spine ) ; 18 , apical part of phallus . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 594 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5274 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm .\nfigures 23 \u2013 28 . urodeta acerba , sp . n . 23 , adult male ; 24 , head , frontal view . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 4120 . scale bar 1 mm ; 25 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 26 , phallus . holotype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 596 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005278 ; 27 , male genitalia , lateral view , in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal ; 28 , apical part of phallus ( arrow pointing to apex . . .\nfigures 37 \u2013 41 . urodeta bucera , sp . n . 37 , adult male . scale bar 1 mm ; 38 , head , frontal view . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 000004119 ; 39 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 40 , phallus . holotype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 602 , specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 4125 . scale bar 0 . 1 mm ; 41 , male genitalia , lateral view , in glycerol before permanent mounting in euparal . paratype . specimen id : rmca ent . . .\nfigures 77 \u2013 82 . urodeta talea , sp . n . , female genitalia . 77 , caudal part ; 78 , ductus and corpus bursae . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 619 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005266 ; 79 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 617 , specimen id : rmca ent 000004117 ; 80 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 618 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005259 ; 81 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 621 , . . .\nfigures 42 \u2013 49 . urodeta bucera , sp . n . , female genitalia . 42 , caudal part ; 43 , ductus and corpus bursae ; 44 , caudal part , enlarged ; 45 , ductus bursae with internal spines ; 46 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 606 , specimen id : rmca ent 000004123 ; 47 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 609 , specimen id : rmca ent 000004127 ; 48 , signum . paratype . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 607 , specimen id : rmca ent . . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n[ south africa , gauteng ] , beynertspoort , pretoria , i and xii , leg . a . j . t . janse .\nmeyrick e . 1911b . descriptions of transvaal micro - lepidoptera ii . - annals of the transvaal museum 2 ( 4 ) : 218\u2013240 .\nlarva on cistus monspeliensis [ me5 ] , 195 , cistus salviaefolius , c . ladaniferus , c . x _ ledon de prins & sruoga , 2012 , zootaxa 3488 : 55\nphthinostoma maculata mey , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 4 : 21 , pl . 1 , f . 7 ; tl : namibia , waterberg national park\nphthinostoma taeniata mey , 2007 ; esperiana memoir 4 : 22 ; tl : namibia , otavi mts . , varianto farm\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nstaudinger , 1859 diagnosen nebst kurzen beschreibungen neuer andalusischer lepidopteren stettin ent . ztg 20 ( 7 - 9 ) : 211 - 259\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nstainton h . t . 1869 . the tineina of southern europe . - \u2014 : i ~ viii , 1\u2013370 .\nsruoga v . & de prins j . 2011 . new species of elachistinae ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) from cameroon and the democratic republic of the congo . - zootaxa 3008 : 1\u201332 .\nsruoga v . & de prins j . 2009 . the elachistinae ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) of kenya with descriptions of eight new species . - zootaxa 2172 : 1\u201331 .\nmey w . 2007b . microlepidoptera : smaller families . \u2013 in mey , w . ( ed . ) the lepidoptera of the brandberg massif in namibia . part 2 . - esperiana memoir 4 : 9\u201330 .\n, sp . n . \u201d\u2014 sruoga , v . & de prins , j . 2011 . zootaxa 3008 : 8\u20139 , figs 1 , 3 , 4 , 56\u201363 . type locality : cameroon , north province ,\nriver camp , 08\u00b0 25 ' n 012\u00b0 47 ' e , 275 m . type specimens : holotype 3 , 04 . v . 2005 , leg . j . & w . de prins ; genitalia slide mrac\n; paratypes 33 , same locality data as holotype , 01 . v . 2005 , 04 . v . 2005 , 09 . v . 2005 , leg . j . & w . de prins ; genitalia slides mrac\nno known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .\nsruoga , virginijus , prins , jurate de ( 2011 ) : new species of elachistinae ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) from cameroon and the democratic republic of the congo . zootaxa 3008 : 1 - 32 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 278510\nfigures 6 \u2013 12 . elachista cordata sp . n . 6 , holotype . specimen id : rmca ent 0 0 0 0 0 5253 . scale bar 1 mm ; 7 , head , latero - frontal view , male , paratype . specimen id : rmca ent 000005254 ; 8 , general view of male genitalia ( phallus removed ) ; 9 , phallus ; 10 , juxta region ; 11 , apical part of phallus . holotype . scale bar 0 . 1 mm . gen . prep . mrac / kmma 0 0 592 , specimen id : rmca ent 000005253 ; 12 , gnathos , in glycerol . . .\nfigures 1 \u2013 5 . collecting localities of the afrotropical elachistinae species . 1 , cameroon , north province , faro river floodplain ; 2 , drc , bas - congo , mayumbe forest ; 3 , general map indicating collecting sites ; 4 , collecting site in cameroon ; 5 , collecting site in drc .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 2056, "summary": [{"text": "coenaculum weerdtae is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family tofanellidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the species is one of four known species to exist within the genus coenaculum , the other three being coenaculum minutulum , coenaculum secundum and coenaculum tertium . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "coenaculum weerdtae", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about coenaculum ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for coenaculum ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\ndiscover a faster , simpler path to publishing in a high - quality journal . plos one promises fair , rigorous peer review , broad scope , and wide readership \u2013 a perfect fit for your research every time .\none of the most intriguing patterns in mammalian biogeography is the \u201cisland rule\u201d , which states that colonising species have a tendency to converge in body size , with larger species evolving decreased sizes and smaller species increased sizes . it has recently been suggested that an analogous pattern holds for the colonisation of the deep - sea benthos by marine gastropoda . in particular , a pioneering study showed that gastropods from the western atlantic showed the same graded trend from dwarfism to gigantism that is evident in island endemic mammals . however , subsequent to the publication of the gastropod study , the standard tests of the island rule have been shown to yield false positives at a very high rate , leaving the result open to doubt .\nthe evolution of gastropod body size in the deep sea is reexamined . using an extended and updated data set , and improved statistical methods , it is shown that some results of the previous study may have been artifactual , but that its central conclusion is robust . it is further shown that the effect is not restricted to a single gastropod clade , that its strength increases markedly with depth , but that it applies even in the mesopelagic zone .\nthe replication of the island rule in a distant taxonomic group and a partially analogous ecological situation could help to uncover the causes of the patterns observed\u2014which are currently much disputed . the gastropod pattern is evident at intermediate depths , and so cannot be attributed to the unique features of abyssal ecology .\ncitation : welch jj ( 2010 ) the \u201cisland rule\u201d and deep - sea gastropods : re - examining the evidence . plos one 5 ( 1 ) : e8776 . urltoken\ncopyright : \u00a9 2010 john j . welch . this is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .\nfunding : some preliminary work undertaken when jw was funded by bbsrc grant do17750 awarded to andrew rambaut . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .\nhere , i re - examine whether deep - sea gastropods manifest the island rule , making use of the improved statistical methods , and data collated from the recently updated malacolog database [ 24 ] , which has been both expanded , and revised to reflect advances in gastropod systematics [ 25 ] . it is found that the central conclusion of mcclain et al . [ 12 ] is robust , and that gastropod colonists of the deep - sea benthos do indeed exhibit island - rule - like evolution .\npart a shows how different tests of the \u2018island rule\u2019 can give qualitatively different results . \u201cdeep - sea\u201d species were defined as those with a depth range midpoint > 200m , and all other species defined as \u201cshallow - water\u201d . the ordinary - least - squares regression ( dashed line ) differs significantly from the 1\u22361 line of the null ( dotted line ) , but the standardized - major - axis regression ( solid line ) shows no significant departure . part b shows a less ambiguous case : \u201cdeep - sea\u201d species are those never observed above 400m , and \u201cshallow - water\u201d species those never observed below 200m ; body sizes are within - genus means , taking equal numbers of deep - and shallow - water species in each genus .\nthe body sizes of deep - sea gastropods are plotted against those of their shallow - water congeners . \u201cshallow - water\u201d species were never observed below 200m , and \u201cdeep - sea\u201d species never observed above depths of a : 200m , b : 400m and c : 600m . separate standardized - major - axis regression lines are shown for the neogastropoda ( black points ) and all other groups ( grey points ) . the dotted line is the 1\u22361 expected under the null . genera with fewer than two deep and two shallow species were excluded .\nsimilarly , predator release is a particularly plausible explanation of the vertebrate island rule [ 1 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 6 ] , [ 11 ] ; this is partly because it can naturally account for both dwarfism and gigantism ( by assuming that large and small body sizes evolve as alternative strategies for predator avoidance ) , and partly because predator release is so clearly implicated in other unusual characteristics of island endemics ( such as tameness ) [ 37 ] , [ 38 ] . but there is little evidence that reduced predation characterises the deep - sea [ 12 ] , [ 14 ] , and indeed there is direct evidence of substantial predation acting on deep - sea gastropods [ 12 ] , [ 39 ] \u2013 [ 41 ] . the gastropod results therefore argue against the predator release hypothesis as a general explanation of the island rule [ 12 ] .\nwe are therefore still far from understanding the causes of the patterns observed \u2013 and particularly the roles of inter - and intra - specific competition [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 11 ] , [ 12 ] . a detailed clarification of where the pattern does and does not hold will be an important step toward achieving this goal [ 4 ] , [ 12 ] , [ 19 ] , [ 20 ] .\nmany thanks are due to andrew rambaut for providing a script to mine the malacolog database . many thanks also to lucy weinert , nicolas bierne , gary rosenberg , shai meiri . simon joly and an anonymous reviewer , who all greatly improved the manuscript with their comments and advice .\nconceived and designed the experiments : jw . performed the experiments : jw . analyzed the data : jw . wrote the paper : jw .\nfoster jb ( 1964 ) evolution of mammals on islands . nature 202 : 234\u2013235 .\nvan valen l ( 1973 ) pattern and balance in nature . evolutionary theory 1 : 31\u201349 .\nlomolino mv ( 1985 ) body size of mammals on islands : the island rule re - examined . am nat 125 : 310\u2013316 .\nlomolino mv ( 2005 ) body size evolution in insular vertebrates : generality of the island rule . j biogeog 32 : 1683\u20131699 .\nmacarthur rh , wilson eo ( 1963 ) an equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography . evolution 17 : 373\u2013387 . ( doi :\nroth vl ( 1992 ) inferences from allometry and fossils : dwarfing of elephants on islands . oxford survey of evolutionary biology 8 : 259\u2013288 .\nsmith fa ( 1992 ) evolution of body size among woodrats from baja california , mexico . funct ecol 6 : 265\u2013273 . ( doi :\nmarquet pa , taper ml ( 1998 ) on size and area : patterns of mammalian body size extremes across landmasses . evol ecol 12 : 127\u2013139 .\nclegg sm , owens ipf ( 2002 ) the \u2018island rule\u2019 in birds : medium body size and its ecological explanation . proc r soc b 269 : 1359\u20131365 .\npalkovacs ep ( 2003 ) explaining adaptive shifts in body size on islands : a life history approach . oikos 103 : 37\u201344 . 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( 2006 ) global bathymetric patterns of standing stock and body size in the deep\u2013sea benthos . mar ecol prog ser 317 : 1\u20138 .\nmeiri s ( 2007 ) size evolution in island lizards . global ecol biogeogr 16 : 702\u2013708 .\nmeiri s , dayan t , simberloff d ( 2005 ) area , isolation and body size evolution in insular carnivores . ecol lett 8 : 1211\u20131217 .\nmeiri s , cooper n , purvis a ( 2008 ) the island rule : made to be broken ? proc r soc b 275 : 141\u2013148 . 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( doi :\ndo these subject areas make sense for this article ? click the target next to the incorrect subject area and let us know . thanks for your help !\n( gastropoda : eulimidae ) from the west indies venus 51 43 - 46 . [ stated date : - - jul 1992 . ]\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\n1 . coen 2 . coen airport 3 . coen brothers 4 . coen brothers filmography 5 . coen brothers the 6 . coen cuserhof 7 . coen de koning 8 . coen dillen 9 . coen en guusje kaayk 10 . coen ethan 11 . coen gortemaker 12 . coen hess 13 . coen hissink 14 . coen joel 15 . coen joel and ethan 16 . coen moulijn 17 . coen river 18 . coen teulings 19 . coen tunnel 20 . coen van oven 21 . coen van vrijberghe de coningh 22 . coen verbraak 23 . coen vermeltfoort 24 . coen zuidema 25 . coenacle\n51 . coenagrion syriacum 52 . coenagrion vanbrinkae 53 . coenagrionidae 54 . coenagrionoidea 55 . coenberht 56 . coencytic 57 . coend 58 . coendidae 59 . coendoo 60 . coendou 61 . coendous 62 . coendure 63 . coene 64 . coenen 65 . coenenchym 66 . coenenchyma 67 . coenenchymal 68 . coenenchymata 69 . coenenchymatous 70 . coenenchyme 71 . coenenchymes 72 . coenenchyms 73 . coeneo de la libertad 74 . coenergy 75 . coenesque\n76 . coenestheses 77 . coenesthesia 78 . coenesthesias 79 . coenesthesis 80 . coenesthetic 81 . coenie de villiers 82 . coenie oosthuizen 83 . coenie van wyk 84 . coenipeta 85 . coenjoy 86 . coeno 87 . coenobe 88 . coenobes 89 . coenobia 90 . coenobiar 91 . coenobies 92 . coenobioid 93 . coenobita 94 . coenobita brevimanus 95 . coenobita cavipes 96 . coenobita clypeatus 97 . coenobita perlatus 98 . coenobita purpureus 99 . coenobita rugosus 100 . coenobita scaevola\nsorry , preview is currently unavailable . you can download the paper by clicking the button above .\nenter the email address you signed up with and we ' ll email you a reset link .\nthe following 101 pages are in this category , out of 101 total . this list may not reflect recent changes ( learn more ) .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . , a non - profit organization .\npublication date january 19 , 2010 journal plos one author john j . welch volume 5 issue 1 pages e8776 doi urltoken publisher url urltoken pubmed urltoken pubmed central urltoken europe pmc urltoken web of science 000273778900019 scopus 77649287097 mendeley urltoken\n{\n@ _ fa\n= >\ntrue\n,\nlink\n= > [ {\n@ _ fa\n= >\ntrue\n,\n@ ref\n= >\nself\n,\n@ href\n= >\nurltoken\n} , {\n@ _ fa\n= >\ntrue\n,\n@ ref\n= >\nauthor - affiliation\n,\n@ href\n= >\nurltoken ? field = author , affiliation\n} , {\n@ _ fa\n= >\ntrue\n,\n@ ref\n= >\nscopus\n,\n@ href\n= >\nurltoken\n} , {\n@ _ fa\n= >\ntrue\n,\n@ ref\n= >\nscopus - citedby\n,\n@ href\n= >\nurltoken\n} ] ,\nprism : url\n= >\nurltoken\n,\ndc : identifier\n= >\nscopus _ id : 77649287097\n,\neid\n= >\n2 - s2 . 0 - 77649287097\n,\ndc : title\n= >\nthe \\\nisland rule \\\nand deep - sea gastropods : re - examining the evidence\n,\ndc : creator\n= >\nwelch j .\n,\nprism : publicationname\n= >\nplos one\n,\nprism : eissn\n= >\n19326203\n,\nprism : volume\n= >\n5\n,\nprism : issueidentifier\n= >\n1\n,\nprism : pagerange\n= > nil ,\nprism : coverdate\n= >\n2010 - 01 - 19\n,\nprism : coverdisplaydate\n= >\n19 january 2010\n,\nprism : doi\n= >\n10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0008776\n,\ncitedby - count\n= >\n9\n,\naffiliation\n= > [ {\n@ _ fa\n= >\ntrue\n,\naffilname\n= >\nuniversity of edinburgh\n,\naffiliation - city\n= >\nedinburgh\n,\naffiliation - country\n= >\nunited kingdom\n} ] ,\npubmed - id\n= >\n20098740\n,\nprism : aggregationtype\n= >\njournal\n,\nsubtype\n= >\nar\n,\nsubtypedescription\n= >\narticle\n,\narticle - number\n= >\ne8776\n,\nsource - id\n= >\n10600153309\n,\nopenaccess\n= >\n1\n,\nopenaccessflag\n= > true }\n{\ntitle\n= >\nfile : the - island - rule - and - deep - sea - gastropods - re - examining - the - evidence - pone . 0008776 . g002 . jpg\n,\nurl\n= >\nurltoken\n,\ntimestamp\n= >\n2018 - 01 - 30t06 : 06 : 49z\n}\n{\ntitle\n= >\nfile : the - island - rule - and - deep - sea - gastropods - re - examining - the - evidence - pone . 0008776 . g001 . jpg\n,\nurl\n= >\nurltoken\n,\ntimestamp\n= >\n2018 - 01 - 30t06 : 06 : 48z\n}\n{\nfiles\n= > [\nurltoken\n] ,\ndescription\n= >\n< p > regressions of deep - sea onto shallow - water body sizes , when abyssal or bathypelagic species were excluded . deep - sea species were defined as those never observed above 400m ( part a ) or 200m ( part b ) , and shallow - water species as those never observed below 200m in both cases . part b excludes genera with fewer than two deep and two shallow species . < i > s < / i > : the number of species excluded from the analysis ; < i > n < / i > : sample size ; < i > b < / i > : regression slope ; < i > p < / i > : permutation < i > p < / i > - value . < / p > * < p > < i > p < / i > < 0 . 05 . < / p > * * < p > < i > p < / i > < 0 . 005 . < / p >\n,\nlinks\n= > [ ] ,\ntags\n= > [\nabyssal\n,\nbathypelagic\n] ,\narticle _ id\n= > 538038 ,\ncategories\n= > [\nevolutionary biology\n,\necology\n] ,\nusers\n= > [\njohn j . welch\n] ,\ndoi\n= >\nurltoken\n,\nstats\n= > {\ndownloads\n= > 0 ,\npage _ views\n= > 3 ,\nlikes\n= > 0 } ,\nfigshare _ url\n= >\nurltoken\n,\ntitle\n= >\ngastropod body size evolution above the abyssal or bathypelagic zones .\n,\npos _ in _ sequence\n= > 0 ,\ndefined _ type\n= > 3 ,\npublished _ date\n= >\n2010 - 01 - 19 02 : 13 : 58\n}"]}
{"id": 2064, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia tshimganica is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in afghanistan , uzbekistan and tajikistan .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "adults are pale yellowish or yellow-grey . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "eupithecia tshimganica", "paragraphs": ["this is the place for tshimganica definition . you find here tshimganica meaning , synonyms of tshimganica and images for tshimganica copyright 2017 \u00a9 urltoken\neupithecia absinthiata clerck , 1759 = eupithecia coagulata guen\u00e9e in boisduval and guen\u00e9e , 1858 .\nhere you will find one or more explanations in english for the word tshimganica . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word tshimganica and , of course , tshimganica synonyms and on the right images related to the word tshimganica .\nash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !\nif you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .\nplease consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nfauna pyadenits gor srednei azii [ geometridae fauna of the central asian mountains . ]"]}
{"id": 2072, "summary": [{"text": "gnathifera acacivorella is a moth in the epermeniidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by gaedike in 1968 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from tasmania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "larvae have been reported feeding in galls on acacia species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "gnathifera acacivorella", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about gnathifera acacivorella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for gnathifera acacivorella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\ngnathifera punctata gaedike , 2013 ; beitr . entomol . 63 ( 1 ) : 158\ngnathifera gaedike , 1978 ; beitr . entomol . 28 ( 1 ) : 208 ; ts : epermenia opsias meyrick\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nepermenia aphronesa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 431 ; tl : tasmania\nochromolopis bidentella gaedike , 1981 ; reichenbachia 19 ( 35 ) : 211 ( repl . _ ochromolopis bidentata gaedike , 1968 )\nqueensland , new south wales , south australia , tasmania . see [ maps ]\nepermenia eurybias meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 429 ; tl : toowoomba , queensland ; glen innes and sydney ; gisborne and healesville , victoria ; hobart , tasmania\nepermenia opsias meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 430 ; tl : bathurst , blackheath , and mt kosciusco , new south wales ; deloraine , tasmania\nochromolopis paropsias gaedike , 1972 ; beitr . entomol . 22 ( 3 - 6 ) : 145\nepermenia proserga meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 318 ; tl : barberton\nochromolopis pseudaphronesa gaedike , 1972 ; beitr . entomol . 22 ( 3 - 6 ) : 144\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nmeyrick , 1913 descriptions of south african micro - lepidoptera ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 267 - 336\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence ."]}
{"id": 2090, "summary": [{"text": "erosaria gangranosa is a species of sea snail , a cowry , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family cypraeidae , the cowries .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "there is one subspecies : erosaria gangranosa reentsii ( dunker , 1852 )", "topic": 5}], "title": "erosaria gangranosa", "paragraphs": ["- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : erosaria gangranosa ( l . w . dillwyn , 1817 ) - id : 1591150825\nverdcourt , b . ( 1954 ) . the cowries of the east african coast ( kenya , tanganyika , zanzibar and pemba ) . journal of the east africa natural history society 22 ( 4 ) 96 : 129 - 144 , 17 pls . [ details ]\nvalidity dna tested by chris meyer ( cgdp ) and not recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit ( esu ) . until more evidence becomes available to validate it , it should be considered a species inquirenda . [ details ]\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthe star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :\nwe want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .\nenter your email address and we will send you an email with your username and password .\ne - mail jecilia sisican if you do not receive your email with your username and password .\n\u00a9 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 0 . 001 seconds . )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken"]}
{"id": 2104, "summary": [{"text": "fusus brevis is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "fusus brevis is a nomen dubium", "topic": 23}], "title": "fusus brevis", "paragraphs": ["buccina e . pseudopurpura ; f . fusus ; g . fusus brevis ; h . buccinum pilosum primum , sive crassum ; i . mitra papalis ; k . mitra episcopi ; l . turris babylonica ; m . buccinum granulatum rotundum ; n . buccinum aculeatum ; o . buccinum undosum ; p . buccinum lineatum ; q . digitellus ; r . turricula ; s . turricula plicata ; t . turricula filis cincta ; v . turricula granulata ; w . buccinum scalare ; x . buccinum spirale ; y . buccinum foliorum\nbuccina e . pseudopurpura ; f . fusus ; g . fusus brevis ; h . buccinum pilosum primum , sive crassum ; i . mitra papalis ; k . mitra episcopi ; l . turris babylonica ; m . buccinum granulatum rotundum ; n . buccinum aculeatum ; o . buccinum undosum ; p . buccinum lineatum ; q . digitellus ; r . turricula ; s . turricula plicata ; t . turricula filis cincta ; v . turricula granulata ; w . buccinum scalare ; x . buccinum spirale ; y . buccinum foliorum .\nbuccina e . pseudopurpura ; f . fusus ; g . fusus brevis ; h . buccinum pilosum primum , sive crassum ; i . mitra papalis ; k . mitra episcopi ; l . turris babylonica ; m . buccinum granulatum rotundum ; n . buccinum aculeatum ; o . buccinum undosum ; p . buccinum lineatum ; q . digitellus ; r . turricula ; s . turricula plicata ; t . turricula filis cincta ; v . turricula granulata ; w . buccinum scalare ; x . buccinum spirale ; y . buccinum foliorum | dpla\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsaginafusus iredale , t . , 1931 type species : saginafusus pricei pricei smith , e . a . , 1887\nmelongena schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : unknowngenustype\npugilina schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : pugilina morio linnaeus , c . , 1758\nhemifusus swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : hemifusus colosseus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822\nvolema r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798 type species : volema paradisiaca r\u00f6ding , p . f . , 1798\npyrula lamarck , j . b . p . a . de type species : unknowngenustype\ntaphon adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : taphon striatum gray , j . e . in griffith , e . & e . pidgeon , 1834\ndepth : 0 to 30 m ( live 0 . 3 to 0 . 3 m )\ndistribution : venezuela : unlocalized ; st . vincent & the grenadines : grenada ; trinidad & tobago : trinidad , tobago ; guyana , french guiana , surinam , brazil : para , maranhao , ceara , rio grande do norte , paraiba , pernambuco , alagoas , bahia , espirito santo , sao paulo , parana , santa catarina\ncomments : nude name ; based on\ngmel . murex morio sp . 62 . var .\n, but with no description or indication ;\nder ungekerbte mohr\nis a common name . r\u00f6ding gave exactly the same citation for his\nreferences : deshayes ( 1844 ) s ; e . h . vokes ( 1971 ) s ; petit ( 2003 ) s\nbeschreibung der naturalien - sammlung der universitat zu rostock 3 pp . [ i - ii ] + 101 - 165 . rostock . [ stated date : 17 may 1807 . ]\nsystema naturae systema naturae , 10th ed . , vol . 1 824 pp . laurentii salvii : holmiae [ stockholm , sweden ] .\ndeliciae naturae selectae deliciae naturae selectae 1 viii + 132 pp . , 38 pls . n\u00fcrnburg .\nconchology iv + 5 pp . , 61 pls . william miller : london .\nmuseum boltenianum viii + 199 pp . hamburg . [ stated date : - - sep 1798 . ]\nessai d ' un nouveau syst\u00e8me des habitations des vers testac\u00e9s [ iv ] + 287 pp . , 22 pls . schultz : copenhague . [ stated date : - - - - - 1817 ; true date : post 1 mar . ]\nthe national phytoplankton monitoring network ( pmn ) is a community - based network of volunteers monitoring marine phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms ( habs ) . pmn recognizes the interrelationships between humans and coastal ecosystems while providing volunteer citizen scientists with meaningful opportunities for hands - on science engagement . the pmn enhances the nation\u2019s ability to respond to and manage the growing threat posed by habs by collecting important data for species composition and distribution in coastal waters and creating working relationships between volunteers and professional marine biotoxin researchers .\nnccos delivers ecosystem science solutions for stewardship of the nation\u2019s ocean and coastal resources , in direct support of nos priorities , offices , and customers , and to sustain thriving coastal communities and economies .\nnational centers for coastal ocean science 1305 east west highway , rm 8110 silver spring , md 20910 phone : ( 240 ) 533 - 0300 / fax : ( 301 ) 713 - 4353 email : nccos . webcontent @ urltoken\nstandardized rights statement this rights statement should be used for items for which the copyright status is unknown and for which the organization that has made the item available has undertaken an effort to determine the copyright status of the work . typically , this rights statement is used when the organization is missing key facts essential to making an accurate copyright status determination . urltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nsive responsio secunda ad maledicam . . . joan . cochlaei de scripturae et ecclesiae authoritate replicam"]}
{"id": 2123, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia correana is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in the regions of o'higgins ( colchagua province ) , maule ( curico province ) and araucania ( malleco province ) in chile .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of the northern valdivian forest biotic province .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is about 7.5 mm for males and 7-7.5 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the median area of the forewings is white or pale greyish white , contrasting with the dark brown basal area and faintly reddish brown distal area .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are greyish white , with dark brown scales basally and pale greyish brown scales distally .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing in january and february . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eupithecia correana", "paragraphs": ["eupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .\nash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )\nthe eupithecia ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) of chile . bulletin of the amnh ; v . 186 , article 3\neupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .\neupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90\u00b0 to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .\nthe larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nfull - text is provided in portable document format ( pdf ) . to view articles you must have the free adobe acrobat reader . click here to download the latest version . the . epub version displays best on an ipad , but may work on other devices that accept . epub format . download directly to your device\u2019s book reader ( e . g . , ibooks ) or drag into your e - books collection on your computer .\nbulletin of the american museum of natural history the bulletin , published continuously since 1881 , consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology , paleontology , and geology . current numbers are published at irregular intervals . the bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers , while longer works appeared in the memoirs . however , in the 1920s , the memoirs ceased and the bulletin series began publishing longer papers . a new series , the novitates , published short papers describing new forms .\ndepartment of library services american museum of natural history central park west at 79th st . , new york , ny 10024 \u00a9 american museum of natural history , 2011\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !\nif you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .\nplease consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nchinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .\nskinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .\nthis article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\n. \u201d on his return to spain he found his old regiment about to march fo . . . . . . t imitate that life of mine when i in lonely sadness on the great rock\nthere to pine ; thou , . . . . . . what thou dost ; touch it not unless thou wouldst lay down thy life as the\nof thy rashness . \u201d the car - rier gave no heed to these words ( and he . . . . . . be with you , and keep in mind what you have promised and sworn under those\nthat have been already declared to you . \u201d so saying , he gave rocin . . . . . . ut , as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve the\nof fire . \u201cno , \u201d said the niece , \u201cthere is no reason for showing merc . . . . . . ou , master nicholas , i say let this and \u2018amadis of gaul\u2019 be remit - ted the\nof fire , and as for all the rest , let them perish with - out further . . . . . . never slept a day under a roof , went to their graves as much maids as the\nthat bore them . i say , then , that in these and other respects our g . . . . . . ar , hatred nor love , should make them swerve from the path of truth , whose\nis history , rival of time , storehouse of deeds , witness for the past . . . . . . ked plough had not dared to rend and pierce the tender bowels of our first\n, belonging to a genus that feeds on feathers ; a beetle ( quedius ) and * . . . . . . brating so rapidly as to be scarcely visible , i was reminded of the sphinx\n: their movements and habits are indeed in many respects very similar . . . . . . . than any other race of animals . i allude only to the butterflies ; for the\n, contrary to what might have been ex - pected from the rankness of the . . . . . . ads . nothing could be more interest - ing than some of the family groups . a\nwith one or two daughters would often come to our rancho , mounted on . . . . . . manner in which his laws were enforced . one of these was , that no man , on\nof being put into the stocks , should carry his knife on a sunday : t . . . . . . ate individual , but likewise used them , as old spain had done before for a\nsettlement . en - gland claimed her right an seized them . the english - . . . . . . yages of the adventure and beagle , is in lat . 46 degs . 50 ' , in the gulf of\n. it is 15 miles long , and in one part 7 broad and descends to the sea . . . . . . an rafael . the posi - tion of the glaciers at this place and in the gulf of\nmay be put even in a more striking point of view , for they descend to . . . . . . in charge of this same fortress . after we left south america , he paid the\nin the usual manner , by being con - quered , taken prisoner , and shot . . .\nthat 60 don quixote have been already declared to you . \u201d so sayin . . . . . . ut , as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve the\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\norganic farming - externalities - biodiversity . . . nearly all non - crop , naturally occurring species observed in comparative farm land practice studies show a preference for organic farming both by abundance and diversity . . . an average of 30 % more species inhabit organic farms . . . many weed species attract beneficial insects that improve soil qualities and forage on weed pests . . .\nnemertea . . . all species have a proboscis which lies in the rhynchocoel when inactive but everts ( turns inside - out ) to emerge just above the mouth and capture the animal ' s prey with venom . . . a few species with stubby bodies filter feed and have suckers at the front and back ends , with which they attach to a host . . . chemoreceptors , and on their heads some species have a number of pigment - cup ocelli , which can detect light but not form an image . . .\northoptera - life cycle . . . orthopteroid species have a paurometabolous life cycle or incomplete metamorphosis . . . of sound is generally crucial in courtship , and most species have distinct songs . . . the number of moults varies between species growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions . . .\nnemertea - taxonomy . . . comprises 100 marine species . . . comprises about 400 species . . . includes seven species , of which six live as commensals in the mantle of large clams and one in that of a freshwater snail . . .\nnemertea - description - nervous system and senses . . . most nemertean species have just one pair of nerve cords , many species have additional paired cords , and some species also have a dorsal cord . . . in some species the cords lie within the skin , but in most they are deeper , inside the muscle layers . . . some species have paired cerebral organs , sacs whose only openings are to the outside . . .\nnature seemed to have adorned herself for our departure with a profusion of fringes and curls , mingled with the bright tints of flowers , reflected in the water . but we missed the white water - lily , which is the queen of river flowers , its reign being over for this season . . . . many of this\na man can go from being a lover to being a stranger in three moves flat . . . but a woman under the guise of friendship will engage in acts of duplicity which come to light very much later . there are different\nto survive in a world full of stimuli ; but it prevents the survival of the aristocracy ."]}
{"id": 2128, "summary": [{"text": "odostomia harfordensis is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family pyramidellidae , the pyrams and their allies .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the epithet \" harfordensis \" refers to port harford , california , where the type specimen was collected . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "odostomia harfordensis", "paragraphs": ["- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : odostomia harfordensis w . h . dall & p . bartsch , 1907 - id : 2241650430\nsubgenus odostomia ( odostomia ) j . fleming , 1813 accepted as odostomia j . fleming , 1813\nsubgenus odostomia ( pyramistomia ) cossmann , 1921 accepted as odostomia j . fleming , 1813\nsubgenus odostomia ( cyclodostomia ) sacco , 1892 \u2020 accepted as odostomia j . fleming , 1813\nspecies odostomia adipata hedley , 1909 accepted as odostomia oxia r . b . watson , 1886\nsubgenus odostomia ( evalina ) dall & bartsch , 1904 represented as odostomia j . fleming , 1813\nspecies odostomia didyma w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as odostomia dyma van aartsen & corgan , 1996 ( invalid : junior homonym of odostomia didyma verrill & bush , 1900 ; odostomia dyma is a replacement name )\nspecies odostomia dulcis w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as odostomia gittenbergeri van aartsen & corgan , 1996 ( invalid : junior homonym of odostomia dulcis pilsbry & johnson , 1917 ; odostomia gittenbergeri is a replacement name )\nspecies odostomia audoax [ sic ] accepted as odostomia audax baker , hanna & a . m . strong , 1928\n\u00bb species odostomia ( evalea ) lavertinae e . a . smith , 1901 represented as odostomia lavertinae e . a . smith , 1901\nspecies odostomia crassa thompson w . , 1845 accepted as odostomia eulimoides hanley , 1844 represented as brachystomia eulimoides ( hanley , 1844 ) ( synonym )\nspecies odostomia brevicula jeffreys , 1883 accepted as turbonilla amoena ( monterosato , 1878 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of odostomia brevicula a . adams , 1861 )\nsubgenus odostomia ( heida ) dall , 1903 accepted as syrnola a . adams , 1860\nspecies odostomia azteca a . m . strong & j . g . hertlein , 1939\nspecies odostomia corintoensis j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951\nspecies odostomia costaricensis j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951\nspecies odostomia gallegosiana j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951\nspecies odostomia guatulcoensis j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951\nsubgenus odostomia ( iolaea ) a . adams , 1867 accepted as iolaea a . adams , 1867\nsubgenus odostomia ( miralda ) a . adams , 1863 accepted as miralda a . adams , 1863\nsubgenus odostomia ( pyrgulina ) a . adams , 1863 accepted as pyrgulina a . adams , 1863\nspecies odostomia crassicostata w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as hinemoa crassella van aartsen & corgan , 1996 ( invalid : junior homonym of odostomia crassicostata may , 1915 ; hinemoa crassella is a replacement name )\nspecies odostomia audax f . baker , g . d . hanna & a . m . strong , 1928\nspecies odostomia contrerasi f . baker , g . d . hanna & a . m . strong , 1928\nspecies odostomia gabrielensis f . baker , g . d . hanna & a . m . strong , 1928\nspecies odostomia herrerae f . baker , g . d . hanna & a . m . strong , 1928\n\u00bb species odostomia ( turbonilla ) undata r . b . watson , 1897 accepted as trabecula jeffreysiana monterosato , 1884\nspecies odostomia dissimilis tiberi , 1868 accepted as euparthenia bulinea ( r . t . lowe , 1841 ) ( synonym )\nspecies odostomia biplicatum deshayes , 1863 \u2020 accepted as stolidoma ( stolidomopsis ) fehsei le renard , 1994 \u2020 represented as stolidoma fehsei le renard , 1994 \u2020 ( junior homonym of odostomia biplicata fleming , 1814 ; s . fehsei is a replacement name )\nspecies odostomia elegans a . adams , 1860 accepted as evalea elegans ( a . adams , 1860 ) ( original combination )\n\u00bb species odostomia ( ividella ) orariana dall & bartsch , 1909 accepted as ividella notabilis ( c . b . adams , 1852 )\nspecies odostomia babylonia ( c . b . adams , 1845 ) accepted as pseudoscilla babylonia ( c . b . adams , 1845 )\ntaxonomy the genus odostomia fleming , 1813 was used by xixth century authors , particularly in the european literature , for most of . . .\nspecies odostomia amoebaea r . b . watson , 1886 accepted as hamarilla amoebaea ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( original combination )\nspecies odostomia canaliculata c . b . adams , 1850 accepted as eulimastoma canaliculatum ( c . b . adams , 1850 ) ( original combination )\nspecies odostomia dekleini ( van aartsen , gittenberger & goud , 1998 ) accepted as odetta dekleini van aartsen , gittenberger e . & goud , 1998\n\u00bb species odostomia ( boonea ) seminuda ( c . b . adams , 1839 ) accepted as boonea seminuda ( c . b . adams , 1839 )\n\u00bb species odostomia ( ividella ) ulloana a . m . strong , 1949 accepted as ividella ulloana ( a . m . strong , 1949 ) ( basionym )\n\u00bb species odostomia ( turbonilla ) amoebaea r . b . watson , 1886 accepted as hamarilla amoebaea ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( basionym )\n\u00bb species odostomia ( miralda ) rhizophorae hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 accepted as ividella rhizophorae ( hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 ) ( basionym )\n\u00bb species odostomia ( ividella ) mendozae baker , hanna & a . m . strong , 1928 accepted as ividella mendozae ( baker , hanna & a . m . strong , 1928 ) ( basionym )\n( of odostomia ( pyramistomia ) cossmann , 1921 ) cossmann , m . ( 1921 ) . essais de pal\u00e9oconchologie compar\u00e9e . douzi\u00e8me livraison . paris : [ the author ] . 349 pp . , plates a - d , 1 - 6 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 240 [ details ]\n( of odostomia ( cyclodostomia ) sacco , 1892 \u2020 ) van aartsen , j . j . and j . x . corgan . 1999 . review of cyclodostomia sacco , 1892 and marginodostomia nomura , 1936 , two taxa of the pyramidellacea ( gastropoda : heterobranchia ) . basteria 63 : 61 - 68 . [ details ]\n( of odostomia ( evalina ) dall & bartsch , 1904 ) dall w . h . & bartsch p . ( 1904 ) . synopsis of the genera , subgenera and sections of the family pyramidellidae . proceedings of the biological society of washington . 17 : 1 - 16 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 12 [ details ]\nno . 68 ( 1909 ) - bulletin - united states national museum . - biodiversity heritage library\nif you are generating a pdf of a journal article or book chapter , please feel free to enter the title and author information . the information you enter here will be stored in the downloaded file to assist you in managing your downloaded pdfs locally .\nthank you for your request . please wait for an email containing a link to download the pdf .\nsign up to receive the latest bhl news , content highlights , and promotions .\nbhl relies on donations to provide free pdf downloads and other services . help keep bhl free and open !\nthere was an issue with the request . please try again and if the problem persists , please send us feedback .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nturgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .\ncommon and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\n( of odontostomia jeffreys , 1839 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1839 ) . a list of the marine mollusca taken during a few days stay an oban in argyllshire , in the autumn of 1838 . malac . conch . mag . 2 : 23 - 46 . [ details ]\ngofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]\ngray j . e . ( 1847 ) . a list of the genera of recent mollusca , their synonyma and types . proceedings of the zoological society of london . 15 : 129 - 219 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 159 [ details ]\n( of odontostoma philippi , 1853 ) philippi r . a . 1853 . handbuch der conchyliologie und malacozoologie . halle , eduard anton . pp . i - xx , 1 - 547 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 192 [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ncopyright \u00a9 2014 - 2017 babylon software ltd . all rights reserved to babylon translation software\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\ncouldn ' t select : table ' searchdictionaries . pangrams _ list ' doesn ' t exist"]}
{"id": 2135, "summary": [{"text": "udea uliginosalis is a species of moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in great britain , spain , france , germany , switzerland , austria , slovenia , slovakia , poland , romania , bulgaria , serbia and montenegro , albania and the republic of macedonia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 25 \u2013 30 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are dull ash-coloured with a pale spot behind the middle .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are paler or whitish with an ashy border on the hindmargin .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing in july .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae are probably polyphagous on low plants and/or grasses . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "udea uliginosalis", "paragraphs": ["udea uliginosalis \u00a72 , male ; glen strathfarrer , inverness - shire ; 19 / 07 / 2012 ; fw 14 . 3mm \u00a9 chris lewis\nthis rather local species is restricted in distribution to the uplands or mountains of scotland , and in some scottish islands such as orkney and rhum .\nit frequents grassy habitats where the relatively nondescript adult moths can be found in july .\nstudies by r . j . heckford in 2009 , where moths were reared in captivity from ova , suggested that the larvae are polyphagous on low plants and / or grasses . typically , in scotland , the species occurs in regions and habitats where no ragwort is present .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 15 16 : 57 : 15 page render time : 0 . 3248s total w / procache : 0 . 3637s\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nthe id resolving service for stable taxon ids is currently under maintenance . meanwhile , please use the name search in order to find the taxon page .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\n\u00a74 dalmunzie ( glenshee ) , perthshire ; 26 / 08 / 2016 ; male ; fw 11 . 6mm ; to light all images \u00a9 chris lewis\nwe have no records for this species in sussex in the sxbrc database as yet . . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ntaxa with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable , but are at risk . ( in gb , this was interpreted as species which exist in fifteen or fewer 10km squares ) . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , but still applicable to lists that have not been reviewed since 1994 .\ntaxa with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable , but are at risk . ( in gb , this was interpreted as species which exist in fifteen or fewer 10km squares ) . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , so no longer in use .\ntaxa which do not fall within rdb categories but which are none - the - less uncommon in great britain and thought to occur in between 31 and 100 10km squares of the national grid or , for less - well recorded groups between eight and twenty vice - counties . superseded by nationally scarce , and therefore no longer in use .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .\nflushed from vegetation by day at 1997m altitude - dolomites , italy ( 2 . vii . 2013 ) \u00a9 neil sherman\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nthere are 0 county records of individuals from 0 different sites . first recorded in .\n2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by speidel , w . & segerer , a . nuss , m .\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi"]}
{"id": 2136, "summary": [{"text": "anticrates phaedima is a moth of the lacturidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is known from australia , including queensland .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 18 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have whitish-yellow forewings with dark fuscous markings .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are red , but become paler towards the base . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "anticrates phaedima", "paragraphs": ["choose one > anticrates metreta > anticrates paraxantha > anticrates phaedima > anticrates sp . a > anticrates sp . anic1 > anticrates sp . anic2 > anticrates sp . bold : aak2739 > anticrates sp . mm - 2015 > anticrates sp . nw - 2010 > anticrates zapyra all lower taxonomy nodes ( 10 )\ne - books online for all anticrates phaedima pdf | electronic library . download books free . finding boooks | bookfi - bookfinder . download books for free . find books .\nanticrates phaedima turner , 1913 ( lacturidae ) , male - nsw , 3 miles s of port macquarie , 28 . mar . 1965 , i . f . b . common leg . ( anic ) .\nanticrates phaedima turner , 1913 ( lacturidae ) , female - qld , lamington national park , 7 . nov . 1961 , i . f . b . common m . s . upton leg . ( anic ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1b4f6674 - cbf9 - 41b2 - 82a5 - 34eae1ba1c3a\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 533ad1e5 - 6da4 - 46fd - 8557 - 73dd037de465\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 596861\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nwithin the last 30 years , while we\u2019ve chased bogeymen overseas and here at home , our democracy has fallen . we have been taken over ; defeated ; our voices neutered ; our freedoms trampled ; our democracy vanquished . no invading force accomplished this ; no jackboots echoed across our republic ; no alien flag was raised above our lands . not a single shot was fired by our \u2026\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nebooks free with prime the boys percy : being old ballads of war , adventure and love from bishop thomas percys reliques of ancient english poetry . together with an appendix containing two ballads from the original percy folio ms . 9781142245375 pdf"]}
{"id": 2158, "summary": [{"text": "eudonia cleodoralis is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by walker in 1859 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from new south wales , victoria and tasmania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from november to february . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eudonia cleodoralis", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about eudonia laetella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for eudonia laetella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nxv . on the classification of the australian pyralidina by e . meyrick , b . a\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nhelp us to expand this encyclopedia ! if you are logged in , you can add new subtaxa , vernacular and scientific names , texts , images or intertaxon relationships for this taxon .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1b60ead3 - bb59 - 4a77 - 829e - 0184059fef56\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 927a11e6 - b73c - 4c28 - 801f - d3a948a52a53\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ebb5cadc - bbf2 - 4626 - 9bda - fa71804a561e\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 543420\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nthis category is maintained by wikiproject stub sorting . please propose new stub templates and categories here before creation .\nthis category is for stub articles relating to moths of the subfamily scopariinae . you can help by expanding them . to add an article to this category , use { { scopariinae - stub } } instead of { { stub } } .\nthe following 200 pages are in this category , out of approximately 576 total . this list may not reflect recent changes ( learn more ) .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . , a non - profit organization .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nthe exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .\n469x662 ( ~ 93kb ) russia : moscow area ( 36\u00b025 ' e , 56\u00b000 ' n ) , 12 . 07 . 2007 , photo \u00a9\n400x640 ( ~ 104kb ) female russia , moscow area , 5 . 7 . 2006 \u00a9 d . smirnov\nscoparia dubitalis var . ivanalis krulikovsky , 1909 ; rev . russ . ent . 9 ( 1 - 2 ) : 113\nscoparia pusilla dyar , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2050 ) : 320 ( ? preocc . scoparia pusilla rosenstock , 1885 ) ; tl : cabima\nplatytes oxycampyla turner , 1937 ; proc . r . soc . qd 48 ( 10 ) : 66 ; tl : queensland\ngonodiscus australiensis hampson , 1898 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1898 : 606 , pl . 49 , f . 1 ; tl : w . australia , sherlock r . ; queensland , coomoo\nplatytes contempta turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 120 ; tl : tasmania\nplatytes erythroneura turner , 1937 ; proc . r . soc . qd 48 ( 10 ) : 66 ; tl : victoria\ntetraprosopus meyrickii butler , 1882 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 9 ( 50 ) : 97 ; tl : australia\nplatytes pediopola turner , 1937 ; proc . r . soc . qd 48 ( 10 ) : 66 ; tl : queensland\nscoparia antarcticalis staudinger , 1899 ; naturhist . mus . hamburg 2 ( 6 ) : 106\ncrambus biradiellus mabille , 1885 ; bull . soc . philom . paris . ( 7 ) 9 : 70\ncrambus biradiellus ; staudinger , 1899 , naturhist . mus . hamburg 2 ( 6 ) : 107\ncrambus ignicola staudinger , 1899 ; naturhist . mus . hamburg 2 ( 6 ) : 108 , f . 9 ; tl : uschuaia\nscoparia glauculalis hampson , 1897 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1897 : 233 ; tl : falkland is .\nscoparia atropicta hampson , 1897 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1897 : 233 ; tl : u . s . a\nscoparia stereostigma dyar , 1918 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 54 ( 2239 ) : 369 ; tl : jalapa , mexico\nscoparia anadonta dyar , 1918 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 54 ( 2239 ) : 369 ; tl : real del monte , hidalgo , mexico\nscoparia anagantis dyar , 1918 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 54 ( 2239 ) : 370 ; tl : zacualpan , mexico\nscoparia cyclophora dyar , 1918 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 54 ( 2239 ) : 370 ; tl : zacualpan , mexico\neudorea granitalis moore , 1878 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 235 ; tl : s . e . of chiklik , yarkund\nscoparia sachalinensis matsumura , 1925 ; j . coll . agric . hokkaido imp . univ . 15 : 185 , pl . 11 , f . 25 \u2640 ; tl : sakhalin , ( ichinosawa , kiminai , kawakami )\nscoparia ichinosawana matsumura , 1925 ; j . coll . agric . hokkaido imp . univ . 15 : 186 , pl . 11 , f . 9 \u2642 ; tl : sakhalin , ichinosawa\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nnew genera and species of tropical crambinae ( studies on the crambinae , lepidoptera , pyralidae . part 48 )\na revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 1\nlepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes\ndescriptions of lepidopterous insects collected the late dr . f . stoliczka during the indian - government mission to yarkund in 1873\nturner , 1937 new australian pyraloidea ( lepidoptera ) proc . r . soc . qd 48 ( 10 ) : 61 - 88\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nif you know the species , please , click on the picture and write the species name in comments section . also , you can go to the gallery page with all photos of scopariinae sp . ( large size ) .\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 2166, "summary": [{"text": "heliothelopsis unicoloralis is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "it was described by barnes and mcdunnough in 1914 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 12 \u2013 14 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are deep black-brown with a slight bronze tinge and sprinkled with whitish scaling .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are uniform black-brown .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing in august . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "heliothelopsis unicoloralis", "paragraphs": ["photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nbarnes , w . m . & j . h . mcdunnough 1914 b : some new north american pyraustinae . \u2013 contributions to the natural history of the lepidoptera of north america , chicago 2 ( 6 ) : 244 , pl . 2 fig . 15 .\nmunroe , e . g . 1961 : synopsis of the north american odontiinae , with descriptions of new genera and species ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . \u2013 memoirs of the entomological society of canada , ottawa 93 ( 24 ) : 53 .\nsynopsis of the north american odontiinae , with descriptions of new genera and species ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) eugene g . munroe . 1961 . memoirs of the entomological society of canada . 93 ( 24 ) : 1 - 93 .\ncontributed by jason d . roberts on 2 august , 2007 - 2 : 30pm additional contributions by kyhl austin last updated 15 may , 2016 - 6 : 28pm\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services ."]}
{"id": 2185, "summary": [{"text": "holcocera gigantella is a moth in the blastobasidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in the united states , including colorado , arizona and california .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 22 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the larvae feed on the seeds and pods of yucca species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "holcocera gigantella", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about holcocera gigantella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for holcocera gigantella ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nblastobasis gigantella chambers , 1876 ; can . ent . 8 ( 11 ) : 219 ; tl : rd to monument park , ~ 3 miles n of colorado springs\nholcocera gigantella ; dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 29 ; [ nacl ] , # 1185 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714\nholcocera orthophrontis meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 317\nholcocera percnoscia meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 317\nholcocera chloropeda meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 17 ) : 541 ; tl : brazil , para\nholcocera subolivacea ; adamski , 1999 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 101 ( 1 ) : 172\nholcocera adjutrix meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 161 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nholcocera pugionaria meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 161 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\nholcocera eusaris meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 17 ) : 542 ; tl : peru , lima , 500ft\nholcocera limicola meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 162 ; tl : ecuador , huigra , 4500ft\nholcocera sympasta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 162 ; tl : peru , chosica , 2800ft\nholcocera cylindrota meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 162 ; tl : colombia , la crumbre , 6600ft\n= holcocera chalcofrontella ; [ nhm card ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712\n= holcocera chalcofrontella ; [ nhm card ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 713\nholcocera increta meyrick , 1930 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 99 ( suppl ) : 729 ; tl : hoang su phi\nholcocera macrotoma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 599 ; tl : s . india , nilgiris , 7000ft\nholcocera basiplagata walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 151 ; tl : guatemala , panajachel , 5000ft\nholcocera digesta meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 17 ) : 542 ; tl : brazil , para , obidos , r . trombetas\nholcocera sakura ohshima , 2003 ; ent . science 6 ( 3 ) : 210 ; tl : honshu , tatsuno - to , nagano - ken\nholcocera anomalella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nholcocera concolor adamski & maier , 2003 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 105 ( 1 ) : 145 ; tl : barnstable , massachusetts\nholcocera gargantuella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nholcocera guilandinae ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 715\nholcocera immaculella ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716\nholcocera extensa ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 7 ; [ afromoths ]\nholcocera hemiteles walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 152 ; tl : guatemala , totonicapam , 8500 - 10500ft\nholcocera irroratella ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 7 ; [ afromoths ]\nholcocera lignyodes ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 6 ; [ afromoths ]\nholcocera paradoxa powell , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 ( 3 ) : 224 ; tl : arizona , madera canyon , santa rita mtns\nholcocera panurgella heinrich , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2305 ) : 71 ; tl : santa catalina mtns , arizona\nholcocera coccivorella ; [ nhm card ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nholcocera nephalia ; walsingham , 1912 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 151 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nholcocera villella ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716\nholcocera titanica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 151 , pl . 5 , f . 18 ; tl : mexico , oaxaca , salina cruz\nholcocera homochromatica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 152 , pl . 5 , f . 19 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\nholcocera paradoxa ; [ nacl ] , # 1206 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716\nholcocera ( holcocerini ) ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712 ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 6\nholcocera gozmanyi adamski & landry , 2007 ; acta zool . acad . sci . hung . 53 ( suppl . 1 ) : 14 ; tl : gal\u00e1pagos , fernandina , cabo douglas , s 00\u00b018 . 269 ' , w 091\u00b039 . 098 '\nholcocera crassicornella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 40 ; [ nacl ] , # 1178 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714\nholcocera panurgella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 105 ; [ nacl ] , # 1205 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716\nholcocera iceryaeella ; dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 41 , pl . 3 , f . 21 ; [ nacl ] , # 1187 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 715\nholcocera chalcofrontella ; dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 33 , pl . 2 , f . 17 , 17a - d ; mcdunnough , 1961 , amer . mus . novit . 2045 : 12 ; [ nacl ] , # 1175 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 4 . 22m ; p . 61 . book review and ordering\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\n= ; dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 23 ; [ nacl ] , 15 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712\n= hypatopa ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 721\n= ; [ richard brown , [ implied ] ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712\n= ; adamski , copeland , miller , hebert , darrow & luke , 2010 , smithsonian contr . zool . 630 : 6 ; [ afromoths ]\neubolepia anomalella dietz , 1910 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 68 , pl . 4 , f . 40 , 40a ; tl : arizona , pinal mt .\nblastobasis ( hypat . ? ) aphanes zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 439 , pl . 6 , f . 154\natlantic states , texas , missouri , virginia , maryland , manitoba . see [ maps ]\n= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 712\n= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 713\nblastobasis coccivorella chambers , 1880 ; rep . ent . u . s . dep . agric . 1879 : 207 ; tl : cedar key , florida\nnova scotia , quebec , ontario , saskatchewan , british columbia , maine , massachusetts . see [ maps ]\nlarva on larix sp . , picea abies , p . glauca , pinus resinosa , p . rigida , p . strobus adamski & maier , 2003 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 105 ( 1 ) : 148\nblastobasis ( hypat . ) controversella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 436\n= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 714\nblastobasis extensa meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 55 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria\neubolepia gargantuella heinrich , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2305 ) : 69 , pl . 6 , f . 34 ; tl : brush corral , arizona\nblastobasis guilandinae busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 234 , pl . 1 , f . 9 ; tl : palm beach , florida\nlarva on quilandina handucella dietz , 1910 , trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 6\n= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 715\nblastobasis irroratella walsingham , 1891 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 122 ; tl : bathurst , gambia\nsyndroma lignyodes meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 9 ) : 271 ; tl : mt mlanje , nyasaland\nprosodica nephalia walsingham , 1907 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 33 ( 1567 ) : 200 [ nom . nud . ? ]\nblastobasis ( hypat . ) proagorella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 431 , pl . 6 , f . 151\nblastobasis ( hypat . ) suppletella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 437 , pl . 6 , f . 153\n= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 716\nlarva on xelisma ( andromeda ) ligustrina busck , [ 1901 ] , j . n . y . ent . soc . 8 : 239\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome ."]}
{"id": 2199, "summary": [{"text": "emballonura is a genus of sac-winged bat in the family emballonuridae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it contains the following species : small asian sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura alecto ) peters 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura atrata ) beccari 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura beccarii ) large-eared sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura dianae ) greater sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura furax ) lesser sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura monticola ) raffray 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura raffrayana ) pacific sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura semicaudata ) seri 's sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura serii ) western sheath-tailed bat ( emballonura tiavato )", "topic": 25}], "title": "emballonura", "paragraphs": ["recently described as a new species in a split from emballonura atrata ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .\nthis species may be confused with emballonura alecto which occurs in sympatry with e . monticola on the island of borneo ( corbet and hill 1992 ) .\nthis recently described species is endemic to madagascar ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it is restricted to the karstic lowland areas in the western part of the island , extending from the drier areas in the north in diana region to parc national tsingy de bemaraha in the west ( goodman et al . 2005 ) . a record from toliara in the extreme south has also been attributed to this species ( peterson et al . 1995 ) , but the specimen was not examined as part of the recent reassessment of emballonura taxonomy on madagascar ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . the distribution of this species would be significantly reduced if the toliara specimen was omitted . it is currently known to range between 10 and 330 m elevation ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]\nyour web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .\nyour list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .\nnote : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\ni thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , \u00a92005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352\nwilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of\ninformation indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\n- - publisher ' s website .\nplease choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .\nthis indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\na uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all\nadd tags for\nmammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference\n.\nyou may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .\nwilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .\n- - publisher ' s website .\nworldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more \u203a\u203a\ndon ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nthere is the possibility of confusion with e . monticola ( c . francis pers . comm . 2006 ) .\nhutson , a . m . , racey , p . a . ( chiroptera red list authority ) , chanson , j . & chiozza , f . ( global mammal assessment team )\njustification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and although populations are declining due to deforestation , it is unlikely to be occurring at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .\nthe species occurs in borneo , philippines , sulawesi and other indonesian islands . in the philippines , it is probably found throughout except the batanes / babuyan region . records are from balabac , biliran , bohol , camiguin , catanduanes , dinagat , guimaras , leyte , luzon ( camarines sur , laguna , quezon provinces ) , maripipi , mindanao ( davao del norte , davao del sur , zamboanga del norte , and zamboanga del sur provinces ) , negros , panay ( heaney et al . 1998 ) . it is found across borneo .\nin the philippines the species is common in areas with caves , including in or near secondary forest ; but is apparently rare elsewhere ( heaney et al . 1998 ) . in indonesia the species is common in the eastern part of its range ( i . maryanto pers . comm . ) .\nit is found in lowland disturbed forest , as well as agricultural areas near remnant forest . most records are from caves , under large boulders , crevices , overhangs , or in man - made tunnels ( heaney et al . 1991 ; ingle 1992 ; rabor 1986 ; rickart et al . 1993 ; taylor 1934 ; heaney et al . 1998 ) . the species tends to roost close to the entrance of caves ( l . heaney pers . comm . ) . there are no records from old growth forest ( l . heaney and d . balete pers . comm . ) .\nthere are no major threats to this species . however , there is ongoing disturbance to caves , but whether this affects the species is not currently known ( d . balete , l . heaney and a . suyanto pers . comm . 2006 ) .\nin the philippines , this species is found in protected areas , but most of these areas in the lowlands afford minimal protection . as with other species dependent on caves and crevices , there is a need to assess the population status , including the surrounding forest areas , across its range . elsewhere in its range , it occurs in some protected areas .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nlamoreux , j . ( global mammal assessment team ) , racey , p . a . , medell\u00edn , r . & hutson , a . m . ( chiroptera red list authority )\njustification : although this species is known mainly from scattered records from a large area , it is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category .\nthis species is known from papua new guinea and the solomon islands . in papua new guinea it has been recorded from east new britain , gulf , new ireland , southern highlands , and western provinces . in the solomon islands it has been recorded from the islands of guadalcanal , rennel , malaita , and santa isabel ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . it may be present on other islands within the solomons group . this species ranges from sea level to 1 , 400 m asl ( mu , east new britain province ) .\nthe species is considered to be rare , but it may be more abundant than is currently known ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . the occurrence of this species across several biogeographic regions ( mainland new guinea , the bismarck archipelago , and solomon islands ) may indicate that there is little genetic connectivity between some populations ( s . hamilton pers . comm . ) .\nthis is a cave - dwelling , insectivorous species that has been recorded from mossy tropical forest ( bonaccorso 1998 ) . females are believed to give birth to two young per year ( bonaccorso 1998 ) .\nit is threatened by deforestation and may be locally impacted by collection for food .\nsuitable conservation actions for this species are the protection of known roosting caves , and identification of additional important roosting sites . there are no known records of this species from protected areas , but it may occur in some within its range in papua new guinea .\njustification : listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than 5 , 000 km 2 , its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is continuing decline in the quality of its habitat , number of locations , and the number of mature individuals .\nthis species was previously a common species over much of its range . e . s . rotensis was last observed on guam in 1972 , and was thought to have become extinct in the northern mariana islands after 1932 until recent confirmation of a population on aguiguan island in 1984 . it is estimated that 150 to 300 animals remain there with no immediate threats ( hutson et al . 2001 ) . populations in fiji have significantly declined and may be extinct on viti levu ( flannery 1995 ) . the subspecies e . s . sulcata and e . s . palauensis are thought to be stable , but there are limited data to support this ( hutson et al . 2001 ) .\nthis is a small ( five gram ) bat with high site fidelity to caves . e . semicaudata is usually considered a cave - dependent species ( it prefers cave entrances ) , but it also has been found roosting beneath overhanging cliffs . the species has been recorded flying in daylight under forest , but normally emerges at dusk . details of its diet are not known ( hutson et al . 2001 ) . e . s . rotensis is found primarily in forested habitats on aguiguan ( esselsytn et al . 2004 ) .\nalthough there have been no conservation actions to protect this species to date , it is fully protected by legislation in samoa , guam , and in the northern marianas islands . suitable conservation actions for this species include the protection of known roosting caves , and the identification of additional important roosting sites . surveys are needed on population status and trends , as well as ecology , and threats ( e . g . , pesticide levels ) . a proposed survey of fossil remains on many of the southern islands of its historical range could yield potential translocation sites .\njustification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , its occurrence in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category . however it is potentially sensitive to forest loss and may become threatened in the future by continued deforestation .\nthis species occurs in myanmar and thailand to western malaysia , borneo ( all of the island ) and indonesia ( sumatra , riau archipelago , bangka , belitung , enggano , babi islands , batu islands , nias island , mentawai islands , java , sulawesi ) ( simmons 2005 ) . the distribution in sulawesi is uncertain . there is a new record from southern thailand , near phanom , suggesting that the myanmar population is linked to that of southern thailand and malaysia ( s . bumrungsri and p . bates pers . comm . ) . this species may also have been recorded from buton ( t . kingston pers . comm . ) . it is found at an altitude of about 50 m in southern myanmar and 330 m asl in sumatra ( a . suyanto pers . comm . ) .\nthere is very little population information for this species . it is relatively common on the islands of southern myanmar ( p . banks pers . comm . ) .\nthis species is found in limestone caves and small crevices throughout secondary forest in southern myanmar where colony size reaches 50 individuals . in southern thailand a maximum of 100 individuals are found in manmade caves while smaller colonies are found under hanging rock in tropical lowland forest ( s . bumrungsri pers . comm . ) . in peninsular malaysia e . monticola occurs in lowland rainforest , roosts under fallen trees , buttresses and tables ( c . francis pers . comm . ) .\nthere are no major threats to this species throughout its range . extraction of limestone may lead to the destruction of caves where this species is found . deforestation for agriculture , plantations , logging and as a result of fire is a major threat in some parts of its range .\ngoodman , s . m . , puechmaille , s . j . , friedli - weyeneth , n . , gerlach , j . , ruedi , m . , corrie schoeman , m . , stanley , w . t . and teeling , e . c . 2012 . phylogeny of the emballonurini ( emballonuridae ) with descriptions of a new genus and species from madagascar . journal of mammalogy 93 ( 6 ) : 15440 - 1455 .\nfollowing a recent taxonomic revision based on genetic and morphological comparisons , this species is now confined to the east of madagascar , with the smaller e . tiavato occurring in the west ( goodman et al . 2006 ) .\njustification : this species is listed as least concern because it is relatively widespread in eastern madagascar and although its population is certainly decreasing as the humid forest is converted into agricultural areas there is no evidence that the decrease has been rapid enough to warrant near threatened or threatened status .\nthis species is restricted to the humid zone of eastern madagascar and has been recorded from around maroantsetra in the north to tolagnaro ( fort dauphin ) in the south ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it is known from a wide elevational range , from as low as 30 m ( goodman et al . 2006 ) to at least 900 m ( randrianandriananina et al . 2006 ) .\nthere is no information on population size . this species is rarely trapped in flight or detected acoustically and information on populations and distribution is mainly from bats found in caves . colony size in caves rarely exceeds 20 individuals ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) .\nparemballonura atrata is usually found roosting in caves and small crevices in or near to relatively intact humid forest ( goodman et al . 2006 , randrianandrianina et al . 2006 , kofoky et al . 2007 , jenkins et al . 2007 ) . it is considered to be dependent on relatively intact forest ( goodman et al . 2005 , 2006 ) .\nthis species is collected by people for bushmeat in one part of eastern madagascar ( d . andriafidison pers . comm ) . otherwise , forest clearance for expanding agriculture threatens the foraging and roosting sites for this species ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) .\nthis species has been recorded from parc national de mantadia ( randrianandrianina et al . 2006 ) and parc national de midongy du sud ( goodman et al . 2006 ) as well as from a network of protected sites around the baie de antogil ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it probably does not require specific conservation action as long as forest vegetation is protected , but local populations should be monitored at roosting sites .\njustification : although this species is known only from scattered records it is listed as least concern in view of the wide distribution of these records , presumed large population , lack of any known major threats , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category .\nthis species is known from indonesia , papua new guinea , and the solomon islands . it has been recorded from the indonesian islands of halmahera , ambon , seram , gebe , yapen , biak , numfor , and supiori . it is present throughout much of the island of new guinea ( papua province , indonesia and central , chimbu , east sepik , and eastern provinces of papua new guinea ) , and also occurs on new ireland , lihir , tabar islands , bougainville , and buka , papua new guinea . in the solomon islands , it has been reported from the islands of guadalcanal , malaita , new georgia , and sanata isabel ( bonaccorso 1998 ; flannery 1995a , b ) . it has an elevational range of sea level to 1 , 600 m asl .\nflannery ( 1995a ) reports that this is a relatively common species on new guinea .\nthis species inhabits shallow limestone caves and mining tunnels , with colonies typically consisting of between ten and 30 animals ( bonaccorso 1998 ; flannery 1995a ) . it is an insectivorous species that combines aerial feeding with foliage gleaning ( bonaccorso 1998 ) .\nsuitable conservation actions for this species are the protection of known roosting caves , and identification of additional important roosting sites . the species has been recorded from crater mountain wildlife management area ( d . wright pers . comm . ) .\njustification : this bat is listed as least concern because although this species is declining due to the impacts of ongoing forest loss due to shifting agriculture and logging the reduction of suitable habitat is not thought to be sufficient to warrant listing in a higher category of threat . however , this species is not abundant within its range and requires close population monitoring and a reassessment may be needed in the near future .\nroosting colonies of p . tiavato are usually relatively small ( < 20 individuals ) .\nit appears to be associated with relatively intact forest and is believed to be forest dependent ( goodman et al . 2005 , 2006 ) . it is usually found roosting in the entrances to narrow caves and overhangs on rocks that receive weak sunlight ( cardiff 2006 , goodman et al . 2006 , kofoky et al . 2007 ) . at night it has been observed resting on buildings ( goodman et al . 2006 ) . it feeds in forest understorey and over small streams with bank side vegetation ( robinson et al . 2006 ) . its diet includes lepidoptera ( razakarivony et al . 2005 ) .\nthe species is threatened by habitat loss due to slash - and - burn agriculture ( tavy ) and from charcoal collecting and logging . other potential threats come from the disturbance of roosting caves from tourists ( kofoky et al . 2007 ) , fire ( jenkins et al . 2007 ) or mining ( cardiff 2006 ) .\nit is known from three protected areas , parc national tsingy de bemaraha , r\u00e9serve sp\u00e9ciale d\u2019ankarana , r\u00e9serve sp\u00e9ciale d ' analamerana ( goodman et al . 2005 ) .\njustification : previous assessments were limited by the availability of information on distribution . in recent years , new records of presence based on captures and recordings of its signature echolocation call , along with regional acoustic surveys , have extended the known and possible range of this species . as a result of this new information , and given the lack of identified key threats , this species does not currently match the criteria for listing as threatened .\nthe only significant threat to this species is broad - scale deforestation for forestry and the establishment of plantations . destruction or major disturbance of roost sites might pose a threat if large communal aggregations feature as part of the species\u2019 reproductive behaviour . a significant part of the species range is made up of rugged karst terrain that is unlikely to be subject to large scale clearance or disturbance .\nroost sites near crater mountain in chimbu province fall within the crater mountain wildlife management area . further ecological studies are needed .\nproposed endangered status for five species from american samoa ; proposed rule ; reopening of public comment period and notice of public hearing .\nno critical habitat rules have been published for the pacific sheath - tailed bat .\n- - natureserve explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50 , 000 plants , animals and ecological communtities of the u . s and canada . natureserve explorer provides in - depth information on rare and endangered species , but includes common plants and animals too . natureserve explorer is a product of natureserve in collaboration with the natural heritage network .\nitis reports - - itis ( the integrated taxonomic information system ) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants , animals , fungi , and microbes of north america and the world .\nfws digital media library - - the u . s . fish and wildlife service ' s national digital library is a searchable collection of selected images , historical artifacts , audio clips , publications , and video ."]}
{"id": 2202, "summary": [{"text": "aethes rubigana , the burdock conch , is a moth of the family tortricidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by treitschke in 1830 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in most of europe , except the iberian peninsula and part of the balkan peninsula .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "outside of europe , it is found in china ( beijing , hebei , heilongjiang , jilin , liaoning , ningxia ) , japan and russia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 15 \u2013 19 millimetres ( 0.59 \u2013 0.75 in ) .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing from late june to august in western europe .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on the seedheads arctium species ( including arctium lappa and possibly arctium minus ) .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "full-grown larvae overwinter from october in a cocoon on the ground or occasionally in the seedhead .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "pupation takes place within this cocoon . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "aethes rubigana", "paragraphs": ["aethes rubigana ( burdock conch ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .\nkari pihlaviita added the finnish common name\ntakiaisk\u00e4tk\u00f6k\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen\nto\naethes rubigana treitschke 1830\n.\nhans - martin braun added the english common name\nburdock conch\nto\naethes rubigana treitschke 1830\n.\naethes rubigana \u00a72 ; ham fen , kent ; 10 / 08 / 2010 ; fw 6 . 8mm \u00a9 chris lewis\nmale genitalia : comparing images in mbgbi5 . 1 ( p206 figs 60 , 61 ) the most apparent difference between a . cnicana and a . rubigana occurs in the shape of the valva . the ventral margin comprises a short anterior portion and a long lateral portion , the two meeting at a rounded angle . the anterior portion is longer in a . rubigana than in a . cnicana ( moth dissection refers to this by indicating a relatively broad base to the valva in a . rubigana ) . i have been unable to find a more absolute way of describing this difference ( the lateral : anterior portion ratio is ~ 3 in both species ) . the base of the valva between its anterior and posterior attachments to the vinculum is also longer in a . rubigana than in a . cnicana , such that this distance is > the distance between the two posterior attachments in a . rubigana and < = this distance in a . cnicana . pierce and metcalfe gives : ' sacculus well - rounded ' in a . cnicana and ' hardly rounded ' in a . rubigana - i think this refers to the junction between the anterior and lateral portions of the ventral margin of the valva - and there is no difference in either the rounding or the angle between the two portions in the illustrations in mbgbi5 . 1 ; p & m also gives : socii longer in a . rubigana ; transtilla broader in a . cnicana . the illustrations in mbgbi5 . 1 show a small cornutus in the aedeagus of a . cnicana but not in a . rubigana - moth dissection indicates that this cornutus is variable but leaves open the possibility that when it is present the species should be a . cnicana .\nid : very similar to a . cnicana which averages smaller ( ws : 14 - 17mm ) and has a slightly earlier flight season ( jun - jul ) , however there is overlap for most of the size range and for most of the flight season . they can be separated by the following features : 1 . colour of fascial markings : ferruginous in a . cnicana , dark brown in a . rubigana . ( may not be reliable ? ) 2 . breadth of dorsal portion of median fascia : fairly constant without a dorsal expansion and relatively narrow in a . cnicana ( median fascia occupies < 1 / 5 of length of dorsum ) ; expands at dorsum and relatively broad in a . rubigana ( median fascia occupies > = 1 / 5 of length of dorsum ) . 3 . angle of dorsal portion of median fascia : shallower in a . cnicana - a line drawn along the centre of the dorsal portion of the median fascia and extended to the costa cuts the costa near the distal end of the costal portion of the median fascia in a . cnicana and at some distance distal to this point in a . rubigana ( see images opposite ) . 4 . interruption of median fascia at its angle between the dorsal and costal portions : not usually interrupted completely in a . cnicana , usually interrupted completely in a . rubigana . norfolk moths also gives the presence of a distinct sub - terminal blotch edged black along its dorsal edge and dark spots along the costa between the median fascia and proximal costal bar as being diagnostic of a . rubigana . the former seems unconvincing to me and the latter may be present in both species as far as i can see .\na rather attractive species , with more distinct markings than some of its close relatives , it is locally but widely distributed throughout the british isles .\nthe moths fly from late june to august , from dusk into the night .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 07 - 07 12 : 20 : 43 page render time : 0 . 2365s total w / procache : 0 . 3065s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\napprox length ( c . 9 . 5mm ) wingspan ( 15 - 19 mm . )\nrecorded in 55 ( 80 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 2018 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\n\u00a75 romansleigh , devon ; 28 / 06 / 2016 ; male ; fw 7 . 4mm all images \u00a9 chris lewis\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\noccasionally at light in monks soham during july 1917 - 35 ( mly ) ; not uncommon among burdock at brandon ( barrett ) ; bentley woods in 1901 ( pyett ) , orford in 1903 ( emm . 1904 , 80 ) , bred at hollesley in 1933 ( whit ) .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nclick here to support naturespot by making a donation - small or large - your gift is very much appreciated . thank you .\nwingspan 15 to 19 mm . a rather attractive species , with more distinct markings than some of its close relatives .\nit is locally but widely distributed throughout the british isles . in the butterfly conservation ' s microlepidoptera report 2011 this species was classified as common .\nfairly frequent but not common in leicestershire and rutland . l & r moth group status = b ( scarce resident or restricted distribution or regular migrant ) .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .\nbl\u00e5 punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och \u00f6vriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan inneh\u00e5lla observationer som inte \u00e4r validerade . kartan uppdateras var fj\u00e4rde vecka .\ni det avancerade verktyget kan man s\u00f6ka ut och f\u00e5 fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst l\u00e4n , i en viss biotop , substrat , som p\u00e5verkas av en hotfaktor , eller som \u00e4r knutna till en sk v\u00e4rdart , t ex tr\u00e4det alm . dessa kan \u00e4ven kombineras .\ns\u00f6ka fram arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade , knutna till alm , \u00e4r beroende av d\u00f6d ved och som finns i kronobergs l\u00e4n .\ns\u00f6ka fram arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade , lever i sm\u00e5vatten och som p\u00e5verkas negativt av igenv\u00e4xning .\ndefaultl\u00e4get i verktyget \u00e4r arter som \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade 2015 och dessa \u00e4r klassade p\u00e5 samtliga s\u00f6kfaktorer . under fliken r\u00f6dlistekategori kan man dock v\u00e4lja att \u00e4ven inkludera arter som inte \u00e4r r\u00f6dlistade . om man v\u00e4ljer att inkludera icke r\u00f6dlistade arter beh\u00f6ver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte \u00e4r klassade p\u00e5 samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanst\u00e4llning av vad som \u00e4r komplett .\ndenna funktion anv\u00e4nds n\u00e4r du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka p\u00e5 deras namn . du kan ocks\u00e5 v\u00e4lja att anv\u00e4nda knappen \u201dj\u00e4mf\u00f6r arter\u201d f\u00f6r att se bilder , kartor och k\u00e4nnetecken i en j\u00e4mf\u00f6relsevy .\ndu kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via sl\u00e4kttr\u00e4det och d\u00e4r v\u00e4lja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat s\u00e4tt att g\u00f6ra ditt urval \u00e4r att anv\u00e4nda fliken \u201dfiltrera\u201d , d\u00e4r du kan s\u00f6ka p\u00e5 olika egenskaper . ovanf\u00f6r listan med s\u00f6kresultatet finns en knapp \u201dl\u00e4gg i mitt urval\u201d .\nthe mit license copyright ( c ) 2014 - 2016 google , inc . urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\nthe mit license ( mit ) copyright ( c ) 2011 - 2015 twitter , inc permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright ( c ) 2008 - 2013 sprymedia limited urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright 2008 - 2015 martin wendt , urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright jquery foundation and other contributors , urltoken this software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals . for exact contribution history , see the revision history available at urltoken the following license applies to all parts of this software except as documented below : = = = = permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software . = = = = all files located in the node _ modules and external directories are externally maintained libraries used by this software which have their own licenses ; we recommend you read them , as their terms may differ from the terms above .\nthe mit license ( mit ) - urltoken copyright ( c ) steven sanderson , the knockout . js team , and other contributors urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright ( c ) 2009\u20132015 permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the\nsoftware\n) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided\nas is\n, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .\ncopyright 2005 - 2014 openlayers contributors . all rights reserved . redistribution and use in source and binary forms , with or without modification , are permitted provided that the following conditions are met : 1 . redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice , this list of conditions and the following disclaimer . 2 . redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice , this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and / or other materials provided with the distribution . this software is provided by openlayers contributors ` ` as is ' ' and any express or implied warranties , including , but not limited to , the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed . in no event shall copyright holder or contributors be liable for any direct , indirect , incidental , special , exemplary , or consequential damages ( including , but not limited to , procurement of substitute goods or services ; loss of use , data , or profits ; or business interruption ) however caused and on any theory of liability , whether in contract , strict liability , or tort ( including negligence or otherwise ) arising in any way out of the use of this software , even if advised of the possibility of such damage . the views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies , either expressed or implied , of openlayers contributors .\nfirst for dumfries & galloway was found at barony college at parkgate on 9th july 1982 during a scottish entomologists ' meeting .\nfirst was found at kirkdale bank on 10th july 1999 during a ' grey daggers ' moth group field meeting .\nother sites : auchenshore on auchencairn bay , bar hill near knockbrex , clifton , mersehead rspb ."]}
{"id": 2210, "summary": [{"text": "the short-billed miner ( geositta antarctica ) is a species of bird in the family furnariidae , probably the most southerly breeding passerine in the world .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "it weighs around 37 grams ( 1.3 oz ) and is typically around 14 centimetres ( 5.5 in ) in length including the tail , which when in flight is distinctively black with white edges .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "geositta antarctica can be distinguished for the more widespread common miner by its much shorter bill and the absence of any rufous in the flight feathers .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "its natural habitat is entirely within the patagonian steppe , and it breeds only in areas rain shadowed by the icy andes in santa cruz province and tierra del fuego .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "geositta antarctica migrates as far north as mendoza during the autumn and winter seasons , but keeps to arid areas , and it is most numerous on heavily grazed grassland on the leeward side of tierra del fuego .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "most of its habitat is in sandy soils where it forages for insects singly or in pairs .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the nest is a woven cup of grass-like material , placed usually in a subterranean burrow and three eggs are laid .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "there are reports of mixed-species nesting colonies with other furnariidae species . ", "topic": 25}], "title": "short - billed miner", "paragraphs": ["the short - billed miner is distributed on the patagonian foothills of the andes in argentina and in tierra del fuego . it is found in grasslands and coastal scrub .\ncontrary to what the scientific name suggests , the short - billed miner has never been seen in antarctica . however it is one of the two southernmost miners , broadly sympatric with the similar common miner ( geositta cunicularia ) . the short - billed miner is fond of dry and sandy patagonian steppe , and its center of distribution is the north section of tierra del fuego island , although it does breed in low densities on the continent as well . apart from being shorter - billed than the common miner , the short - billed miner is also quite long - winged . the long wings may be an adaptation to migration , as this species is migratory and moves as far north as mendoza in argentina during the non - breeding period . while similar visually to the common miner , molecular data as well as similarities in song clarify that the andean creamy - rumped miner ( geositta isabellina ) is its closest relative .\ngently rolling plain with short grass . bird was collected ( zmuc 104195 ) .\n15\u201316 cm ; 34\u201340 g . moderate - sized miner with relatively short bill , and no prominent wing markings . has pale supercilium , dark line behind eye ; dull greyish - brown . . .\nremsen , j . v . , jr ( 2018 ) . short - billed miner ( geositta antarctica ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\nit has longer wings and a shorter bill . at rest , the primary projection is considerably longer than that of common miner and is about twice the length of the bill . otherwise there are few distinguishing features apart from indistinct streaking on the breast .\nthere are many ways to contribute\u2014we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !\n) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :\ns argentina ( s santa cruz s to n tierra del fuego ) and s chile ( magallanes ) ; in non - breeding season w & s argentina ( n to mendoza ) .\na series of doubled notes , \u201cweetuk - weetuk - weetuk - weetuk - weetuk\u201d ; flight call a shrill . . .\nsouthern temperate grassland ; barren plains with sparse grassland , scattered shrubs ; also in sandy . . .\nbreeds in austral summer ; nests with eggs in nov and young in jan in s chile . presumably monogamous . nest at end of tunnel 0\u00b75\u20131\u00b75 m . . .\nmainly resident , e . g . present on tierra del fuego all year round . in argentina , some post - breeding . . .\nnot globally threatened . restricted - range species : present in southern patagonia eba . abundant to fairly common . habitat occupied appears to be reasonably safe from . . .\nonly subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !\nonly members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !\ngenetic data # r # r support earlier findings that sclerurus and geositta are sisters , and are basal to all other furnariid genera ; in recent years , sometimes treated as a separate family .\nget access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 \u20ac ( instead of 59 . 90 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 85 \u20ac )\nsupporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .\nview more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 9 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 134 . 85 \u20ac )\nthere is a registration fee of 20\u20ac . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won\u2019t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .\nif you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .\nthis map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .\na number of birds foraging and chasing each other on a small beach beside a lagoon , about 50ft away .\nvarious calls from a small flock , about 50ft away on edge of lagoon , foraging .\npart of a small flock , about 50ft away on edge of lagoon , foraging .\nflushed from ground in patagonian steppe and flying away , initially at about 40ft .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nthis species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nrecommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : geositta antarctica . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmyavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .\nthere are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .\nthere are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .\nhoward and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :\nyou must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .\navibase has been visited 263 , 298 , 478 times since 24 june 2003 . \u00a9 denis lepage | privacy policy\ntake a look at what you can get upgrading to our premium dictionary for a very low fee . click here for premium dictionary preview\nthis word is part of our premium dictionary version contents . these contents include thousands of difficult , technical , and special - use words and word phrases , including their translations , synonyms and definitions .\nfor a very low fee , gain access to these contents and to the vast lexicon of word magic software , completely ad - free .\nword usage ( idiomatic , slang , colloquial , figurative , formal , etc . . )\nthank you for subscribing to the free trial . please check your email and click on the confirmation link to start your trial .\nthere was an error when trying to login . please be sure to have an active account with us .\nthe email entered is not valid . please enter a valid format email like [ email protected ]\nwelcome to the trial version of our premium online dictionary . you have now limited access to our vast dictionary - engine . enjoy it and make the best use of it ! for full dictionary feature use , register to our premium online dictionary .\nwe must explain that this free online bilingual dictionary includes all : word magic dictionary & tools professional ( general reference english - spanish bilingual dictionary ) , our unabridged medical dictionary , the law dictionary , the business & finance dictionary and the computer & it dictionary . you can purchase these separately to install in your pc and also as add - ons for your microsoft word and excel . click here to purchase our general dictionary pack , which includes images , definitions and usage examples .\nthe online bilingual dictionary application here provided is a free service of word magic software inc . you will find that it is the most complete online bilingual and bidirectional english - spanish dictionary on the web , showing not only direct translations but synonyms , complete definitions , set phrases , idioms , proverbs , usage examples , famous quotes and compound entries as well , all related to your entry word . on top of that , it offers english and spanish pronunciation , separation into syllables and grammar attributes . it also accepts conjugated verbs and spanish feminine and plural forms as valid entries .\nthe advantage of acquiring them as your personal software is that you will enjoy a better , even friendlier interface with many , many more features including word tagging , bilingual verb conjugation , double - window synonyms , idiom search facilities plus a unique collection of 40 , 000 color pictures associated with noun entries .\nenter conjugated entries , even spanish enclitic verb conjugations ( i . e . hazlo ; c\u00f3metelo , etc . )\nwe offer you several types of english - spanish translators , the best of which combine automatic , context - sensitive translation plus interactive , user - guided translation . our top version , the translator professional plus 5 , comprises the following features : images for easier meaning selection , a translation options module using a multiple - choice wizard that lets you choose among all possible variations for your translation , voice recognition for dictation capabilities and voice commands that allow you to call out the tasks you need without using mouse or keyboard . download a test trial version below !\n* english definitions from : wordnet 2 . 0 copyright 2003 by princeton university . all rights reserved .\nif you need english to spanish or spanish to english translation software , dictionaries or professional translation services , you ' ve come to the right place .\ndata and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho .\nif you do not see a menu on the left , you may have arrived at this page from another site . please click home to get to my main page .\nif there is no family list to the left , you may have arrived at this page from a direct link . please select\nmangoverde world bird guide\nto view the entire bird site ."]}
{"id": 2212, "summary": [{"text": "merophyas scandalota is a species of moth of the family tortricidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from victoria and the australian capital territory .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 14.5-16.5 mm . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "merophyas scandalota", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\n. . . ir - atac trial in cotton , 1981 - 82 , p . d . rossiter ( qdpi ) . gatton , 16 . v . 78 , ex .\ndivulsana , b . franz - mann ( qdpi ) ; 5 . v . 81 ( qdpi ) ; d . p . i . resear . . . . . . e ( mcintosh ) , trioxys complanatus ( perez ) . there is also a single record from\ndivulsana ( walker ) ( lepidop - tera : tortricidae ) and an anomalo . . .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from world journals , database of academic research journals are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\nthe words on encyclo are taken from more than 1 , 000 online wordlists , written by a variety of groups working together to find definitions and keep the lists up to date . in the wordlists you can find meanings and definitions from a number of areas of interest including local authorities , businesses , organisations , charities , social network sites , commercial websites and even private lists made by people as a hobby or to ensure older words no longer in everyday use are not forgotten .\nmany of the saved wordlists which are in the unusual or specialised word lists have been changed or removed as businesses have closed or re - organised in the last eight years and can no longer be found on the internet . these lists of words , definitions and meanings have been saved in our archive and are still available in the search results .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need ."]}
{"id": 2228, "summary": [{"text": "pseudosophronia exustellus is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by zeller in 1847 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in portugal , spain , france , italy , and on sicily . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "pseudosophronia exustellus", "paragraphs": ["pseudosophronia corley , 2001 ; entomologists gaz . 52 : 214 ; ts : ypsolophus exustellus zeller\nsophronia cosmella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 258 , pl . 10 , f . 19 ; tl : corsica\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\n2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by dr ole karsholt\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi\nspecies identified so far are listed below . any queries should be directed to charlie perez at\nthis email address is being protected from spambots . you need javascript enabled to view it .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nif you know the species , please , click on the picture and write the species name in comments section . also , you can go to the gallery page with all photos of anacampsini sp . ( large size ) .\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 2237, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia ericeti is a species of moth of the family geometridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north madagascar .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it looks close to eupethicia graphiticata ( joannis ) but is a little bigger in size .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the length of its frontwings is 12 mm . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "eupithecia ericeti", "paragraphs": ["vad betyder eupithecia ? h\u00e4r finner du 2 definitioner av eupithecia . du kan \u00e4ven l\u00e4gga till betydelsen av eupithecia sj\u00e4lv\neupithecia absinthiata clerck , 1759 = eupithecia coagulata guen\u00e9e in boisduval and guen\u00e9e , 1858 .\neupithecia \u00e4r ett sl\u00e4kte av fj\u00e4rilar som beskrevs av curtis 1825 . eupithecia ing\u00e5r i familjen m\u00e4tare .\nash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )\neupithecia - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nas part our commitment to scholarly and academic excellence , all articles receive editorial review .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !\nif you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .\nplease consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\n. if you continue to use the site we will assume that you agree with this .\nhtml public\ni / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\naustria , belgium , bulgaria , great britain , hungary , germany , denmark , greece , ireland , italy , latvia , lithuania , luxembourg , netherlands , norway , poland , portugal , romania , slovakia and the soviet union - the european part , finland , france , czech republic switzerland , sweden , estonia , yugoslavia .\nregions of the russian federation : gorno - altaisk , the european north - east , the european north - west , the european central black earth , the european central european south taiga , the western caucasus , kaliningrad , kamchatka , karelia , kola , krasnoyarsk , nizhny - amur , prealtay , pribaikalskiy , primorye , sakhalin , north - ural , mid - amur , mid - volzhsky , south ural .\naustria , belarus , belgium , bulgaria , the british isles , france , germany , greece ( mainland ) , denmark ( mainland ) , ireland , spain ( mainland ) , italy ( mainland ) , latvia , lithuania , luxembourg , netherlands , norway ( mainland ) , the channel islands , poland , portugal ( mainland ) ? , russia , romania , slovakia , slovenia , ukraine , finland , france ( mainland ) , czech republic , switzerland , sweden , estonia .\n[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 2238, "summary": [{"text": "gay trip was a racehorse noted for winning the 1970 grand national .", "topic": 16}, {"text": "gay trip was a small bay gelding owned by tony chambers and trained by fred rimell .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "formerly a flat racing horse , gay trip was switched to national hunt racing as a five-year-old and won the mackeson gold cup in 1969 .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "in the 1970 grand national he was ridden by pat taaffe after his regular jockey terry biddlecombe was ruled out of the race by injury .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "gay trip carried top weight of 11 stones five pounds despite previously never having won a race longer than 2 \u00bd miles and started at odds of 15/1 in a field of twenty-eight runners .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "he took the lead at the second last fence and drew clear to win by twenty lengths .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "since 1970 only red rum has won the grand national carrying top weight .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "it was fred rimell 's third national winner having previously won with e.s.b. and nicolaus silver .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "in 1972 he finished second in the grand national , ridden by biddlecombe . ", "topic": 14}], "title": "gay trip", "paragraphs": ["naples is a fascinating city and it makes for an interesting trip during your visit to italy . interested in learning more ? here are five experiences to enhance your visit .\nwe ' ve brought together our favorite and most diverse spots across mexico to create a 10 - day gay holiday trip from the caribbean coast , through central mexico , with a celebratory finish on the pacific coast . a holiday trip wouldn ' t be complete without ringing in 2019 with a bang there ' s no better place than puerto vallarta , one of the favorite nye spots for guys from all over the world .\nour 11 - day trip through israel & jordan ticks off an amazing number of bucket list items , from floating weightlessly in the dead sea , to riding camelback through the desert , to gazing up at the famous buildings of petra carved into the cliffs . these 11 days in israel & jordan bring us into the middle of a region of fascinating contradictions . as gay travelers , this trip gives us the ability to take in the middle east while enjoying the comfort of gay welcoming community .\njoin italy gay travels on a cycle trip like no other ! the gay cycling tour takes you from the north to the south of this region , allowing you to discover many of the magical places in puglia . puglia is fast becoming the gay destination of south italy and that is why we are sure that the gay cycling tour is perfect for you ! the area is rich in culture , food , awe inspiring landscapes , white sandy beaches and some gay nightlife for good measure !\nour 15 - day adventure starts and finishes in the metropolis of bangkok , the capital city of thailand and home to asia ' s best food , nightlife , and shopping . it includes everything that is experienced in our 12 - day trip , with a few extra days of exploring new destinations too ! the majority of this incredible trip will be spent on the islands and beaches of southern thailand .\nowned by mr . a . chambers , gay trip was trained by fred rimmell . rimmell had been an extremely successful jockey and had won the national hunt champion jockey title four times before two falls , resulting in a broken neck , cut short his riding career .\nour 8 - day peru trip showcases the jaw - dropping andean mountain range in all it ' s glory ! this trip starts in the bustling capital city of lima and finishes 8 days later in the ancient inca city of cusco . from historic mountaintop fortresses , to lush river valleys surrounded by impressive natural wonders , these 8 days in peru show off the side of peru that everyone dreams of experiencing for themselves .\na gay australia cultural tour down under , including sydney\u2019s gay and lesbian mardi gras ! what is the mystery surrounding the great land called \u201coz ? \u201d and no , it\u2019s not the ruby slippers\u2026 explore gay \u201cdown under\u201d , including visiting the sydney opera house to dining with an aboriginal family . from sophisticated afternoon tea and 4 - wheeling in the outback , to sunset dinner aboard a private yacht and a fabulous gay mardi gras , this is the trip of a lifetime !\npat taaffe was the jockey chosen to ride gay trip for the race , he had already enjoyed great success with the legendary arkle winning three gold cups and a fourth on another horse , fort leney and was no stranger to the national having won in 1955 on quare times .\nour 12 - day greece trip promise to deliver the best of athens and the greek islands with stops in dramatic santorini , cosmopolitan mykonos , and peaceful milos . our laid - back trip leaves plenty of room for spontaneity and adventure . there is no amount of photos , video , or stories that can prepare a person for the incredibly captivating country that is greece . it ' s a place that few people visit just once .\njoin italy gay travels on a not - to - be - missed tour of the worldwide gay opera capitals : milan , verona and venice . our gay opera tour will start from the fashion capital of italy , milan of course , where we will discover the amazing history of the city , enjoy its exuberant gay nightlife , and spend a night at la scala for an unforgettable opera night . a day trip exploring como and its lake is without a doubt a highlight on this tour .\na gay sicily tour like no other ! join italy gay travels on an amazing gay sicily tour . sicily is the biggest island in the mediterranean sea , rich in culture and home to important archaeological sites . yes , in this case bigger is better , as sicily packs in all the punches what all gay tour should offer . this exclusive gay sicily tour will focus on the eastern part of this amazing region , fast becoming a gay hotspot .\none of the most successful trainers in grand national history he is the only one to have had four wins with four different horses . one of only two greys to ever win the race , nicolaus silver , was trained by him , as were national winners e . s . b . , rag trade and of course gay trip .\nhop on our gay tour of thailand and discover the exquisite land of smiles in style ! thailand conjures up images of spicy delicacies , majestic elephants , golden buddhas , vibrant nightlife and exotic hideaways - and we experience it all on this trip for gay men , their friends and family . learn about , and spend time with , the majestic asian elephant . live it up on phuket , thailand\u2019s famous beach island .\non race day , gay trip was carrying the top weight of 11st 5lbs , and having never won beyond two and a half miles his chances were not that good . taaffe did a great job steering him to a 20 length victory at odds of 15 / 1 and in doing so provided the perfect end to his own racing career .\nthis gay group tour features our favourite part of spain \u2014 barcelona and south through madrid and andalucia . though distances travelled are not huge , this is a very diverse trip , from glitzy barcelona and its outstanding nearby beaches , to stately madrid with its marvelous galleries and shopping , to the fascinating moorish sites of cordoba , granada and sevilla .\nas gay travelers , this trip gives us the ability to take in the middle east while enjoying the comfort of a relatively gay welcoming community . we ' ll immerse ourselves into the thriving lgbt scene , hike around the clifftop fortress of masada , cover ourselves in the nutrient - rich mud of the dead sea , explore the winding alleys of one of the most historically significant cities in the world among many more unforgettable experiences .\nfrom colonial architecture to cuban cigars , this gay group trip gets up close and personal with the caribbean island\u2019s distinct latin culture . it also happens to coincide with new year\u2019s eve , so pack your fun pants and prepare to celebrate . throw in some friendly locals , a few old cars , and even a splash of salsa , and 2019 is off to a stellar start ! ring in 2019 on this gay people - to - people tour to cuba !\nfrom colonial architecture to cuban cigars , this gay group trip gets up close and personal with the caribbean island\u2019s distinct latin culture . it also happens to coincide with new year\u2019s eve , so pack your fun pants and prepare to celebrate . throw in some friendly locals , a few old cars , and even a splash of salsa , and 2020 is off to a stellar start ! ring in 2020 on this gay people - to - people tour to cuba !\nwhether you ' re planning a road trip , currently on the road , or simply love the genre , here are some of our favorite road trip movies , all of which feature lgbt characters , themes , or flavors . taking us from the deserts of the american southwest to the flowery meadows of the south of france , and across the vast australian outback and to the secluded beaches of mexico , these movies show us some of the many ways in which traveling the open road can change us - and help us to see the world and ourselves in a different light .\nthis is a salubrious addition to our european walking series in region that lends itself beautifully to our leisurely style of day hiking from a hotel base . the trip also features walking tours in no fewer than six unesco world heritage towns , as well as the stunning unesco protected plitvice lakes region .\nenjoy an amazing 7 - day gay trip experience in barcelona from july 28th to august 4th , getting to meet your hosts in exciting activities while you discover the wonders of of spain ! join ricky roman , josh moore , ian greene , jay alexander and other hot spanish influencers on their vacations . it ' s hot in barcelona during august , but our influencers are even hotter !\nenjoy an amazing 7 - day gay trip experience in barcelona from august 4th to august 11th , getting to meet your hosts in exciting activities while you discover the wonders of of spain ! join alex mecum , jack hunter , kyle goffney & anthony forte and other hot spanish influencers on their vacations . it ' s hot in barcelona during august , but our influencers are even hotter !\nenjoy an amazing 7 - day gay trip experience in madrid from september 29th to october 6th , getting to meet your hosts in exciting activities while you discover the wonders of the capital city of spain ! join jake ashford , beaux banks , salvatore martinez and brogan fletcher on their vacations . it\u2019s the start of autumn \u2013 a great month to explore all that madrid has to offer .\njoin italy gay travels on an amazing gay bike tour in the southernmost tip of puglia , known as salento . fast becoming the gay destination of south italy , this area is rich in culture , food , awe inspiring landscapes , white sandy beaches and some gay nightlife for good measure ! our tour is set at an easy level that will suit most cyclists .\nenjoy an amazing 7 - day gay trip experience in barcelona from september 1st to september 8th , getting to meet your hosts in exciting activities while you discover the wonders of of spain ! join ryan rose , niko wirachman , ryan carter , seth knight and other hot spanish influencers on their vacations . it ' s still hot in barcelona during september , but our influencers are even hotter !\nthe forces of nature that shaped patagonia remain on display to this day . this trip begins with a visit to perito moreno and upsala , two of the region\u2019s most iconic glaciers . another day features a nature walk , a visit to estancia cristina ranch , and a boat ride on argentino lake .\nan elegant gay group journey to selected historic homes & gardens in ireland , featuring accommodations in ireland\u2019s best castle & manor house hotels . we will luxuriate at such famous hotels as waterford castle ; ashford castle and adare manor . dinner has been planned at the hotels every evening to take advantage of the excellent kitchens of these establishments . the sightseeing theme of our trip is historic houses and gardens .\nthe north atlantic\u2019s azores , like hawaii , is a remote volcanic archipelago . this active gay group trip explores the crater of sete cidades ( one of the 7 wonders of portugal ) , bathes you in natural thermal pools , and includes a world - class whale watching excursion . you ' ll have the opportunity to explore four iconic islands including s\u0103o miguel , faial , pico and s\u0103o jorge .\nperu is ready to blow your mind ! with breathtaking vistas in every direction , incredibly unique local culture , and an unlimited number of exciting activities along the way , peru is a perfectly enriching destination . our 12 - day gay trip through peru mixes our laid - back travel concept with peru ' s most unique and memorable sites to form an adventure that you ' ll be talking about forever .\njoin italy gay travels on an amazing tour of the italian gay capitals : rome , florence and turin . yes , take in all the key sights in one tour ! rome , florence and turin have one thing in common : they have all been capitals of italy since 1861 , the year italy was unified . the gay capitals of italy tour allows you to discover the lifestyles of the most fascinating gay hotspots in italy . you too can now join the unification on the gay capitals exclusive tour !\nwhat ? a greek isles gay tour that ' s not a cruise ? ? ? on this very special trip , we travel by scheduled ferry through the beautiful cycladic island group and spend our nights on each unique island , with a perfect balance of organized activities and free time to soak it all up . greece is a country of beautiful contradictions , a constant journey in time from the present to the past and back again .\nan exclusive and unforgettable gay naples , capri and the amalfi coast tour ! join italy gay travels on an amazing gay group tour of the coast around naples . this unforgettable holiday will commence with a gay naples tour , to discover this charming seaside city . from there we will make your way to the amalfi coast and to the island of capri , world famous for its beaches and the stunning faraglioni .\nthailand has that exotic , mysterious , exciting appeal to it . our 12 - day adventure starts and finishes in the metropolis of bangkok , the capital city of thailand and home to asia ' s best food , nightlife , and shopping . the majority of this incredible trip will be spent on the islands and beaches of southern thailand .\ngay games is an event for inclusion and respect of diversity . from 4 august to 12 august , 2018 , paris hosts the 10th edition of the gay games , the world\u2019s largest sporting , cultural and festive event open to all ! held every four years for more than 32 years , gay games , a hymn to love , advocates a society for all diversities . it ' s the spirit of the gay games ! paris gay games 2018 rich program of festivities completes sporting and cultural programs . will you join us ?\njoin us for a gay tour that blends together the sophistication , heritage and promise of cuba\u2019s capital with three days of exploring smaller towns that are rarely visited by foreigners . on this trip we will have a special emphasis on the arts of cuba , and the role of the lgbt community . we invite you to join us for a people - to - people exchange with leaders of social change in cuba and some of the country\u2019s most creative artists .\nnepal is a hiker\u2019s paradise laden with ancient kingdoms , majestic mountains , and monasteries galore . our gay trip begins with two days exploring the busy streets of kathmandu , before we fly over the haunting himalayas en route to the everest region . our own hike reaches its own impressive heights with an overnight stay at everest base camp ( 5 , 364m ) , where we can bask in the majesty of the mother of the universe , that epic mountain herself .\nour the best of vietnam & cambodia luxury small gay group trip is distinguished by the top hotels selected in three countries and ample time to leisurely visit each city . dine at the best restaurants and learn the troubled history of these countries . enjoy hanoi , ha long bay ( overnight luxury cruise ) , danang , hue , saigon & angkor wat . take optional post - tour extension to luang prabang , laos - february 27 - march 2 , 2019 .\nglorious mountains , beautiful wines , and the west coast ' s biggest gay pride weekend . this out adventures official tenth - anniversary trip starts in calgary before taking you through the majestic rocky mountains with stops in banff , lake louise and jasper . then we head to the okanagan wine region , where things get extra tasty . you\u2019ll see moose , deer , and bears \u2013 oh my ! we wrap up in vancouver just as pride gets underway . boom !\nour 12 - day costa rica trip has been designed to maximize your experience here and have you begging to stay forever ! instead of rushing around and trying to visit as many places as possible , we ' ve specially chosen three locations , plus san jose that we know you ' ll fall in love with . costa rica is also known as the most gay - friendly country in central america . we can ' t wait to share this paradise with you !\nour 8 - day gay trip through peru mixes our laid - back travel concept with peru ' s most unique and memorable sites to form an adventure that you ' ll be talking about forever . if you ' ve ever dreamed of soaking up the incredible mountaintop inca ruins of machu picchu , taking a scenic train journey through the peruvian andes , or walking in the footsteps of an ancient civilization , join us for an incredible 8 days you ' ll never forget .\npatagonia\u2019s wilderness is so renowned there\u2019s an outdoor clothing brand named after it . this trip introduces you to the heaving perito moreno glacier , then heads for an eco - camp in torres del paine national park where we ' ll conquer some of the region ' s most rigorous treks . you ' ll be rewarded daily with unrivalled flora , fauna , and vistas .\ngay pride frankfurt , in germany\u2019s financial capital , is one of the country ' s liveliest gay pride parades \u2013 with lots of floats and a main stage with 3 - days of entertainment located in the city\u2019s main square . the costumes are pretty outrageous and very inventive . the town\u2019s gay bars come to life \u2013 hosting all sorts of parties for all tastes . gay pride frankfurt is also known as frankfurt csd - or ' christopher street day ' .\ngay tour of spain . this gay holiday takes an intimate group of travelers to the most picturesque parts of spain . join us and explore the culture , history , and beauty of madrid , toledo , seville , cordoba , and the scenic spanish countryside between . spain is a rich collection of regions , each fiercely proud of its own identity . vacation with a congenial group of gay travelers to sample the cultural life of beautiful & gay friendly spain .\nmexico city is the largest metropolis in the western hemisphere and is brimming with rich culture and awe - inspiring architecture . it can be hard to experience it all in one trip , so we\u2019ve lined up plenty of big and hidden gems . we\u2019ll visit ancient pyramids , take walks through interesting neighborhoods , enjoy a wide variety of arts , and have delicious food and drinks along the way .\nessential japan is the ideal route for those who visit japan for the first time . we have selected the most iconic cities of the archipelago , so you can take home the true essence of japan . japan has a wide , varied history and is a hub for those who seek authentic culture in a world where that is hard to find . travel from big cities to mountain villages and everything in - between as you take in the rich , cultural heritage this amazing country has to offer on this gay trip .\nan industrious yet luxurious wine country bike tour . can ' t decide whether to partake in a hardcore bike holiday , or an elegant wine country affair ? this chile gay trip offers both , for an unforgettable taste of south america ' s wild west . we kick off with a couple days in wine country , then visit atacama desert - the driest place on earth - with great bike rides and a trek thrown in . we ' ll also get a taste of santiago , chile ' s sensational urban center .\nindia ' s beauty and diversity will enrich you with her culture , stun you with her modernity , embrace you with her warmth , and overwhelm you with her hospitality . . . our gay group tour combines the ultimate luxury with seamless exploration of one of the world ' s most fascinating countries . you will stay in the absolute best hotels and palaces in delhi , jaipur , udaipur , hyderabad , a leopard safari , and jodhpur plus enjoy our pre - trip to nepal ! , march 10 - 12 , 2019\nchina seems to be on the minds of everyone lately . it ' s economy is booming , its major cities like shanghai are devoloping at a rapid pace , and the olympics in china are aguably more spectacular than any before . there is no better time to come to china , and zoom vacations has created a once - in - a - lifetime trip combining culture , history , glamour , authentic cuisine , and 5 star accommodations throughout , all with the gay sensibilty you ' ve come to expect from zoom .\nyou haven\u2019t lived until you\u2019ve experienced reykjav\u00edk on new year\u2019s eve . pretty much everyone in the city takes a box of fireworks outside just before midnight to blow up the old year then party until dawn . there is nothing quite like it . there really isn\u2019t . new year\u2019s in iceland is the new \u2018hot\u2019 destination . we have created a six - night trip for a new year\u2019s celebration in iceland !\na gay adventure tour in key west and the florida keys . from the bustling gay nightlife of miami beach , across the gorgeous islands of the florida keys , our multi - sport adventure will put you on the water , on your bike , and in the sky . enjoy excellent food & hospitality on the way to fabulous , sunny , friendly gay key west .\nwitness the great wildebeaet migration \u2022 lap it up in a luxury tented camp \u2022 spot lions in their natural habitat \u2022 take an excursion into the magnificent ngorongoro crater \u2022 feast on top - notch cuisine \u2022 pair this trip with our kilimanjaro climb , or continue your african adventure on a tailor - made extension . spot lions , elephants and buffalo , the elusive leopard in a wildlife enthusiast ' s dream , the serengeti\nour 12 - day gay trip through peru mixes our laid - back travel concept with peru ' s most unique and memorable sites to form an adventure that you ' ll be talking about forever . whether you ' ve always dreamed of soaking up the incredible mountaintop inca ruins of machu picchu , taking a scenic train journey through the peruvian andes , or you ' re ready to discover off - the - beaten - track sites like the desert oasis of huacachina and the penguin - filled ballestas islands , peru is ready to blow your mind !\na gay travel turkey cultural tour . from istanbul to the ancient city of ephesus , and the beautiful turquoise coast to the mysterious landscape of the anatolian heartland . on this gay travel turkey tour we\u2019ll explore the best of this fascinating crossroads of civilization . enjoy stunning city sites , archaeological wonders and a boat ride along the coast in a classic vessel on our gay tour of turkey .\nrio ' s carnival is perhaps the world ' s most famous celebration . carnival is a spectacular time to come to rio de janeiro , especially for gay travelers ! there are several gay festivals including one in front of our hotel , and people joke that everyone seems a little gay during carnival ! during carnival , in addition to gay pool parties and large dance events , you can also join street festivals and parades all over the city ; and there is an attitude of good will and harmony that pervades everything .\nour 12 - day trip through south africa encompases the very parts of south africa that makes it so well known ! think a safari in kruger national park full of lions , hippos , zebras , giraffes . think wine tasting in the the midst of the worlds best vineyards in the winelands . think cosmopolitan cape town where you can dive with great white sharks , summit iconic table mountain , and walk in the footsteps of incredible history .\na defining aspect of dallas ' character is the local lgbt community . the city of dallas has the sixth largest gay population in the u . s . and the largest gay population in the state of texas . approximately 120 , 000 lgbt people live in dallas .\nrosa wies ' n - a very gay oktoberfest in munich ! while 6 million people from around the world getting together to drink beer and sing bavarian songs might not sound like a gay haven , for one special sunday during the legendary oktoberfest , it kinda is . while nothing bars homosexuals from attending any day or area of the festival , several events during the festival draw a largely gay , male crowd .\nwestern cuba gay cycling tour . cuba , a country on the cusp of change , has become folkloric . travel with our gay group to penetrate its almost - mythical fa\u00e7ade . cycling through the countryside we can truly experience cuba\u2019s heartfelt music , redolent landscapes , and friendly people .\nwe ' ll stay within the walled town center of zadar , surrounded by all the ancient beauty . we ' ll island hop over to the cosmopolitan island town of hvar for a few days of gorgeous island life . we ' ll find out why dubrovnik was chosen as the set of so many game of thrones episodes . and we ' ll start and finish the trip in the capital and largest city of zagreb with plenty of unique museums and nightlife .\ngay pride amsterdam is one of the best and most fun prides in the world . amsterdam pride is a citywide gay festival and attracts several hundred - thousand visitors each year and is one of the largest publicly held annual events in the netherlands . the peak of the festival is during the canal parade , a parade of boats of large variety . there are also street parties in the streets with concentration of gay bars .\nour 12 days together in south africa will be surrounded by incredible wildlife , vistas , and opportunites to get out there and take part in some amazing activities ! some of your\nmust do\nactivities like a full day safari in kruger park and a full day of wine tasting in the winelands is included in this trip . a real experience in africa sparks not just all five senses , but also imagination and emotions quite unlike any other place you\u2019ll experience .\njoin this gay scuba diving tour and plunge into the tropical caribbean waters of a gay - friendly island paradise ! discover a colorful world beneath the waves . far from the usual vacation spots , the dutch island of saba is known to scuba divers worldwide for its spectacular underwater landscapes .\ndo you love a parade ? we\u2019ll be sallying forth to strut our stuff through three of the most picturesque and gay - friendly cities of europe : prague , dresden , and berlin . this gay group adventure comes to a rousing conclusion with gay pride festivities in berlin \u2013 the most decadent of the three cities ! prague is one of those magical places you never forget , dresden was once known as \u201cflorence on the elbe\u201d .\njoin italy gay travels on an exclusive gay running & hiking tour in the southeasternmost tip of italy , puglia . spend a full week running or hiking along some of the most beautiful landscapes in italy . the gay running and hiking tour strides along stunning beaches and hectares of ancient olive groves . you set the pace , choose to either run or hike . our experienced guides are there to ensure that you have the best experience .\ntake this gay tour and immerse yourself in a marvelous discovery of two of the world ' s greatest cities , london and paris . uncover gay history from the renaissance through the modern age while touring england ' s famous gardens and museums and the glorious chateaux of the french loire valley countryside .\njoin tens of thousands of tourists from all over the world for the annual xlsior gay festival in mykonos , greece . the best djs in the world , the most beautiful mediterranean beaches , and the hottest guys come together on this serence grecian capital of gay vibrancy and pride . spend the days at the beach and the nights partying on the dance floor . no other place in the world loves the proud gay community as much as mykonos .\nbudapest is often called the paris of the east . its grand boulevards , sumptuous architecture , and focus on food are not to be rushed . then on to the alpine sweetheart , slovenia . spend two nights in private wooden huts where we explore local lakes , the marvellous alps and kilometres of caves . and finally , ljubljana offers a little taste of the big city . here we\u2019ll enjoy top - notch cuisine , a lovely boat ride , and a day trip to the gori\u0161ka brda wine region .\njoin italy gay travels for the luxury gay salento food and wine tour ! welcome to salento , the southeastern - most tip of puglia , the heel of the boot of italy . our luxury gay salento food and wine tour is your opportunity to explore the world - famous food in this amazing location , connecting ionian and adriatic seas . our tour combines the must - see sights of the area with a sophisticated exploration of the best food and wines of southern italy .\nfor 200 years , the kings of france outdid one another as they built palaces along the loire valley . bicycle to amboise , chenonceau ( where gay henri iii held drag parties ) , and azay - le - rideau . our gay french bike tours are the perfect way to travel between the castles of france .\na gay travel cultural tour visiting budapest , vienna , prague , and more ! during the height of the holy roman empire , central europe nurtured architectural and musical influences that continue to this day . enjoy our gay cultural tours with walking , concerts , a dinner cruise , rejuvenating baths , and ample time to explore\nthis intriguing country of gods and goddesses , pharaohs and fantasies will inspire and surprise you as it has done so to its travelers for centuries . but egypt is so much more than mythology and magic , and offers more to see and do than ruins and camel rides . zoom vacations trip to egypt brings out the rich history , culture and cuisine in addition to the things every visitor to the country must experience . highlight will likely be our 4 night cruise aboard the sanctuary zein nile chateau , perhaps the most elegant boat on the nile .\nindia . . . a country which will enchant you with her beauty and diversity , enrich you with her culture , stun you with her modernity , embrace you with her warmth , and overwhelm you with her hospitality . . . zoom vacations combines the ultimate luxury with seamless exploration of one of the world ' s most fascinating countries . you will stay in the absolute best hotels and palaces in delhi , agra , jaipur , udaipur and mumbai ( bombay ) . plus enjoy our pre - trip to nepal ! , september 21 - 23 , 2018\nan exquisite gay cultural tour of italy with a congenial gay group exploring the amalfi coast , capri and the enchanting regions of basilicata and puglia . we ' ll delve into the history of pompeii , and delight in the natural splendor of the region , admiring the tenacity with which ancient residents settled the cliffs and islands of the mediterranean .\nrendez - vous in paris in 2018 will be greatest sporting and cultural event , where we will share together some moments rich in emotion along with up to 15 , 000 attendees from over 70 countries . since 1982 , the gay games have brought together people from all over the world , with diversity , equality , solidarity , and respect . with sport a common theme for inclusion , gay games are open to all , young or old , athlete or artist , experienced or novice , gay or straight .\nthe biggest gay and lesbian celebration in bavaria is the munich christopher street day ! munich is the city of the oktoberfest , but munich has much more to offer - particularly for gays and lesbians . the gay and lesbian community energise munich during the city\u2019s annual csd celebrations . the munich city centre explodes with drag queens , high heels and feather boas .\njoin italy gay travels for a culinary delight in puglia the south of italy . our authentic and extravagant gay puglia foodies tour is a once in the lifetime opportunity to explore the world - famous food in this amazing location . our tour combines the must - see sights of puglia with a sophisticated exploration of the food and wine specific to the region .\nmore than a week of party , lots of party and more than a week of fun , lots of fun . come to experience this amazing 8 days gay tour in three of the top 10 world gay hotspots : barcelona , sitges and ibiza . we will visit the best bars , clubs , saunas . . . but not everything is partying . we will also visit the best gay beaches , the best sunsets and we will taste the authentic spanish food . get ready for the best possible combination of pleasure and fun .\na gay travel italian hiking tour in tuscany . enjoy a week of fun on this gay hiking tour in italy . see florence and the fairy - tale village of san gimignano . trek through orchards , vineyards , and woodland on our way to radda to visit ancient stone villages , churches , farms , and etruscan bridges , arches and burial mounds .\ntropout \u2013 the festival for the modern gay traveller \u2013 is finally ready to come to europe ! and what a place to start \u2013 malta is europe\u2019s number one ranked destination for gay travellers . this is one party you won\u2019t want to miss . we\u2019ve created a festival that mixes the glamour of the european summer with prime party season \u2013 all in a location that will amaze you with its landscapes , history and culture . if you\u2019re seeking an unforgettable mediterranean experience with likeminded gay guys , you\u2019ve found it . welcome to tropout malta .\npinkish movement in asia ! be a witness on asia ' s first gay - focused flight from tokyo to pride parade in taiwan . don ' t miss it ! nowadays , taiwan is one of the hottest destinations in asia for lgbt travellers , because there are so many lgbt activities in taipei city . the people of taiwan is what makes it , not to mention the delicious food ! the biggest gay event in taiwan is taipei gay pride with more then 80 , 000 people from around the world attending this 4 day event .\nnamed by out traveler magazine as one of the top 10 trips to change your life ! plus , our post - trip to lake titicaca ! for thousands of years , peru ' s extraordinary beauty has been both the backdrop of incredible cultural and spiritual expression , and a pallet for architectural artists . your journey will take you through the cultural heart of lima , charming cusco , and the valley of the incas . but perhaps what will impress and inspire you most is your visit to one of the world ' s most important archeological sights : the ancient mystical city of machu picchu .\nwhat is the best place to visit if you\u2019re interested in the gay past ? there is a lot of competition but greece often falls at the top . here ' s why .\na beautifully observed 1950s - period coming of age romance between a young shop girl and aspiring photographer , therese ( rooney mara ) , and an impossibly glamorous but tormented older woman , carol ( cate blanchett ) , from acclaimed director todd haynes . therese joins carol on an impulsive getaway , as they road - trip west from new york city with no destination planned ( although they don ' t stop there in the movie itself , the many gorgeous shots of both manhattan and chicago were in real life filmed in cincinnati ) . both blanchett and mara deliver knockout performances and form a cinematic couple for the ages .\nthis wonderfully relaxed and interesting gay group tour to sri lanka gives tour members the major tourist attractions of the country in comfort and in the company of other gays . it is a varied itinerary that includes historical sites , beaches , national wildlife parks and cultural experiences . plus the fun of the gay group with welcome and farewell parties and the opportunity of making new friends .\nat club atlantis , we take over the entire 5 - star resort to create a relaxing and friendly all - gay beach vacation like no other . our all - inclusive resort includes deluxe accommodations , all meals , all drinks , sports , activities , entertainment , parties , gratuities , wireless internet , and so much more . it ' s the best gay vacation value on the planet !\nknown by locals as csd berlin ( christopher street day ) , and by the rest of us as gay pride berlin , offers one of the most eclectic pride celebrations in europe . on christopher street day , hundreds of thousands of people demonstrate for the rights of lgbt people with a great parade , colourful floats , and music . csd berlin is one of the biggest gay prides in europe .\njoin us for a quick holiday getaway to one of america\u2019s most interesting cities : new orleans , louisiana . our gay new orleans holiday weekends are full of campy fun ! we\u2019ll stay in the french quarter and explore the sultry gay history of the \u201cbig easy\u201d , while enjoying a touch of southern decadence . attend a jazz brunch and get ready for mardi gras in an atmosphere of unique new orleans kitsch .\nan active scotland gay adventure with stops in glasgow and edinburgh . the scottish highlands offer some of the most glorious hikes in the world . this 8 - day gay adventure features four hikes , a few isles , and time in both the capital of edinburgh and scotland\u2019s largest city , glasgow . if you\u2019re not a hardcore hiker , you can skip the most challenging day and spend it exploring brodick castle instead .\ncircuit festival is one of the biggest and most important gay festivals worldwide . taking place in the city of barcelona , circuit festival offers you ten days of themed parties as la leche , papa party or the water party , dj sets , artists and many other incredible activities . . . happy gay travel is the official travel agency for circuit gay festival 2018 , so we have tailored a complete \u2018festival package\u2019 deal which include an official wristband that grants access to all the parties of the circuit festival , including the water party , papa party and la leche and a choice from 2 * to 5 * accommodation 7 nights stay .\nstroll through lima ' s vibrant plaza mayor , learn the secrets of the amazon jungle from a local guide , wake to the sounds of an amazonian animal orchestra , admire cuzco ' s stunning colonial architecture , glimpse terraced walls in the fertile sacred valley , stroll geometrically perfect streets in ollantaytambo , wander among the ancient ruins of machu picchu , discover colourful traditional textiles on our gay peru , amazon & machu picchu gay tour .\ndance . sun . swim . the perfect weekend in the the most amazing location ! as the weekend comes in and the parties only get hotter , join tens of thousands of tourists from all over the world for the annual xlsior gay festival in mykonos , greece . the best djs in the world , the most beautiful mediterranean beaches , and the hottest guys come together on this serene grecian isle of gay vibrancy and pride .\nthe ultimate female buddy movie . while not an explicitly gay film , it is easy to see why the lgbt community champions this rollicking feminist story . thelma and louise ( played to perfection by geena davis and susan sarandon ) are two arkansas women who set out for a weekend trip in the mountains in louise ' s ' 66 ford thunderbird convertible . things quickly take a turn for the worse when a man thelma dances with at a roadhouse attempts to rape her . louise , in an effort to protect her friend , loses her temper and shoots and kills the man . in fear that no one will believe their claim of attempted rape , the two run from the law , driving along the open roads of the southwest , ultimately winding up at the grand canyon , in one of the most unforgettable finales in hollywood history . and who can forget brad pitt ' s star - making turn as the shirtless cowboy ?\ncosta rica is also known as the most gay - friendly country in central america , with a lively gay social scene in san jose and manuel antonio , and some of the friendliest local latin people you could ever meet ! this is a true latin experience from the people , to the salsa dancing , to the gallo pinto for breakfast . we genuinely love costa rica and can ' t wait to share this paradise with you !\nwe invite you to join our gay tanzania safari & explore of one of the most well - preserved wilderness areas on earth . tanzania has more land devoted to wildlife than anywhere else in the world . see what draws celebrities from around the world to spend days or even weeks in tanzania . walk on the wild side in tanzania ! this gay safari hits all the best spots , from lake manyara , to the expansive savannahs of the serengeti .\negypt has enchanted visitors throughout history and our gay egypt tour is no exception . join our small gay group us as we sail down the nile on the ss karim , a traditional paddle steamer built for kings . the riches of antiquity are our destination and our backdrop as we cruise through the land of the pharaohs . egypt , the wonder of travelers for thousands of years , calls us for a pilgrimage to the treasures of this historic land .\ntropout koh samui \u2013 the official after white party gay travel experience \u2013 gives those in bangkok ( and elsewhere ) celebrating new year festivities the opportunity to start 2019 in the tropout style . so much more than a traditional \u2018resort holiday\u2019 , tropout gay resort week is filled with opportunities to chill , party & explore in a tropical paradise with guys from all over the globe in stylish settings . come join us in tropical koh samui and experience it all !\njoin italy gay travels on an exclusive gay yoga retreat in the southernmost tip of italy , known as puglia . we will spend a full week in a typical masseria ( farmstead ) set within acres of olive groves and nearby to stunning beaches . the farmstead is close to ostuni , known as the \u2018white city\u2019 as it sits perched on the rocks overlooking the adriatic sea with acres and acres of ancient roman olive groves as far as the eye can see .\n12 - day all - inclusive peruvian adventure including an amazon river cruise and culminating with a comprehensive machu picchu experience . it ' s the perfect combination of inspiring places and rich history in the comfort of an all - gay environment .\n13 - day customized luxury gay group tour of japan , starting in tokyo . explore some of japan\u2019s top destinations , epic sites and off - the - beaten - track hidden gems . our gay group tour includes three nights in tokyo , one of the world\u2019s most cutting - edge capitals . experience two nights at a traditional japanese ryokan , three nights in kyoto , the historic former capital , famous for its abundance of temples , gardens , and unesco world heritage status .\nhalloween & day of the dead with vacaya in mexico ! vacaya completely reinvents the all - lgbt all - inclusive resort experience with the 5 - star unico riviera maya . as the newest member of the leading hotels of the world , unico offers a level of luxury and inclusions never before seen in the world of all - gay travel . throw in halloween and mexico\u2019s day of the dead and this exclusive 7 - day all - gay resort holiday experience is without compare !\nthe remote middle fork of the salmon river runs cold , clear , and quick , past soaring cliffs and soothing hot springs . join us for approximately 90 miles exhilarating gay whitewater rafting adventure . camp on large sandy beaches and and explore burbling side creeks and quiet hiking trails . our gay rafting adventure begins near the sawtooth mountains of idaho . the main salmon river is known as the\nriver of no return\n, and runs cold and clear through vast , deep canyons and forests .\n10 days egypt gay tour & nile river cruise from / to cairo , egypt . the eternally staggering sights of cairo and ancient egypt in top comfort . 4 nights in 5 - star hotels , plus 4 nights sailing the nile aboard the 40 - cabin ultra - luxury sanctuary sun boat iv in the cabin of your choice . this four night luxury nile gay cruise , beginning in luxor and ending in aswan , takes in the highlights of upper egypt on board the finest floating boutique hotel .\nitaly gay history tour from caesar to michelangelo and beyond . the ancient greeks , the ancient romans , think of julius caesar and nero , etc . , plus all those renaissance artists\u2014donatello , botticelli , leonardo , michelangelo , caravaggio : did it ever occur to you how much italian gay history and art there is ? well , let us tell you : italy not only has some of the most beautiful cities , the most great art , one of the world\u2019s top cuisines , some of the cutest guys .\nspend a week cycling along ancient roman lanes , coastal drives and mountain paths . each night , relax at an authentic gay owned and operated agriturismo , enjoying a glass of wine from the villa ' s vineyards , gourmet meals , and a dip in the pool , with cute locals always stopping by to enjoy the festivities . during our gay italy bike tour in puglia , we ' ll have five biking days , designed in a ' roller coaster ' fashion , with light days in the beginning and end .\njoin this gay tour and witness the extremes of iceland : friendly viking descendants ; unspoiled lush wilderness ; fuming volcanic craters , geysers and natural hot springs ; rainbow - festooned waterfalls ; playful puffins , and a rich history including some of folklore ' s strangest sagas .\ntwo teenage boys from mexico city , julio ( gael garcia bernal ) and tenoch ( diego luna ) , meet a beautiful spanish woman , luisa ( maribel verdu ) , and manage to convince her to join them on a road trip through the mountains , desert , and jungles of central mexico to a secluded pacific beach they claim no one else knows about . the film garnered international acclaim not only for its honest depiction of adolescent sexual relationships , but also for the story ' s deep thematic explorations of loss , death , intimacy , and the cultural and political realities of a burgeoning new era in mexico ' s complicated history . y tu mama tambien , along with a handful of other works by its creator ' s contemporaries , would go on to usher in a new wave of mexican cinema and establish writer - director alfonso cuaron as one of the great international talents of his generation ."]}
{"id": 2244, "summary": [{"text": "lamoria anella is a species of snout moth described by michael denis and ignaz schifferm\u00fcller in 1775 .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in most of europe ( except ireland , great britain , fennoscandia , denmark , the baltic region and slovenia ) , the canary islands , as well as north africa ( including tunisia , morocco and egypt ) , south africa , india , afghanistan , sri lanka and the united arab emirates . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "lamoria anella", "paragraphs": ["valter jacinto marked\nborboleta nocturna / / moth ( lamoria anella )\nas trusted on the\nlamoria anella\npage .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nthe id resolving service for stable taxon ids is currently under maintenance . meanwhile , please use the name search in order to find the taxon page .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nthis translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\ndenis j . n . c . m . & schifferm\u00fcller i . 1775 . ank\u00fcndung [ sic ] eines systematischen werkes der schmetterlinge der wienergegend herausgegeben von einigen lehrern am k . k . theresianum . - \u2014 : i , 1\u2014323 , pls . 1\u20143 .\namsel h . g . 1963 . kleinschmetterlinge aus \u00e4thiopien . - stuttgarter beitr\u00e4ge zur naturkunde 121 : 1\u201412 .\npelham - clinton e . c . 1977 . pyralidae from oman : specimens in the royal scottish museum , edinburgh . - journal of oman studies pecial rep . 1 : 177\u2014178 .\nlegrand h . 1966 . l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res des \u00eeles seychelles et d ' aldabra . - m\u00e9moires du mus\u00e9um national d ' histoire naturelle ( a ) 37 ( 1965 ) : 1\u2014210 , pls . 1\u201416 .\nde prins w . & mazzei p . 2016 . some faunistic notes on selected moth species ( lepidoptera ) from the seychelles . - phelsuma 24 : 21\u201434 .\nwoods p . j . 2013 . the lepidoptera of curieuse island , seychelles . - phelsuma 21 : 58\u201464 .\nv\u00e1ri l . , kroon d . m . & kr\u00fcger m . 2002 . classification and checklist of the species of lepidoptera recorded in southern africa . - \u2014 : i\u2014xxi , 1\u2014385 .\nrebel h . & zerny h . 1917 . wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der mit unterst\u00fctzung der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften in wien aus der erbschaft treitl von f . werner unternommenen zoologischen expedition nach dem anglo - \u00e4gyptischen sudan ( kordofan ) , 1914 . 1 . lepidoptera . - denkschriften der \u00f6sterreichischen akademie der wissenschaften , wien 93 : 423\u2014446 , pl . 1 .\nasselbergs j . 2008 . order lepidoptera , superfamily pyraloidea . \u2014 in : van harten , a . ( ed . ) arthropod fauna of the uae volume i . - \u2014 1 ( 2007 ) : 469\u2014561 .\npalaearctic : china , europe , japan , morocco , palestine , russia ( incl . far east ) , syria , tunisia , ukraine .\nslamka f . 2006 . pyraloidea ( lepidoptera ) of europe , volume 1 . identification \u2014 distribution \u2014 habitat \u2014 biology . - \u2014 1 : 1\u2014138 .\nsearch their arrest records , driving records , contact information , photos and more . . .\ncopyright 2018 peekyou . com . a patent pending people search process . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 3 . 2 final / / en"]}
{"id": 2253, "summary": [{"text": "scalarites is a genus of heteromorph ammonites included in the family diplomoceratidae . these fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived in the cretaceous period , from 89.3 to 70.6 million years ago ) .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "these fossils have been found in antarctica , brazil , denmark , germany , japan , russia , sweden and united states . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "scalarites", "paragraphs": ["phylum : mollusca class : cephalopoda order : ammonitida family : diplomoceratidae genus : scalarites species : s . scalaris\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nparent taxon : diplomoceratinae according to w . j . kennedy and u . kaplan 1995\nthis article needs expanding . you can help improve this article by adding additional content .\ncan ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .\nwelcome to tonmo , the premier cephalopod enthusiast community . we have tons of searchable content and host a biennial conference . to join in on the fun , become a member for free , and become a supporter for just $ 50 / year to see less ads and enjoy other perks . follow us on facebook and twitter for more cephy goodness .\njavascript is disabled . for a better experience , please enable javascript in your browser before proceeding .\nthe cephalopod page urltoken hanlon lab at mbl , woods hole , ma california academy of sciences monterey bay aquarium mote marine labratory pharyngula octonation danna staaf , author ( web , twitter , facebook ) dr . rotman ( drpussea ) ( web , twitter ) te papa museum reef central northwestern pacific tree octopus ( heh ) follow us on facebook follow us on twitter\nthis site uses cookies to help personalise content , tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register . by continuing to use this site , you are consenting to our use of cookies .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nan astonished , outraged , dreamy and mindful eye on the world . involuntarily italian . deliberately skeptical . however inappropriate . from reggio emilia to nowhere . -\nvero , aperto , finto , strano , chiuso , anarchico , verdiano . . . brutta razza , l ' emiliano !\nfrancesco guccini\ndiplomoceras cylindraceum ( j . l . m . defrance , 1816 \u2020 ) ( fossil )\noxybeloceras crassum ( r . p . whitfield , 1877 \u2020 ) ( fossil )\noxybeloceras mortoni ( f . b . meek & hayden , 1876 \u2020 ) ( fossil )\npseudoxybeloceras ( parasolenoceras ) interruptum ( f . schl\u00fcter , 1872 \u2020 ) ( fossil )\npseudoxybeloceras ( parasolenoceras ) splendens ( m . collignon , 1969 \u2020 ) ( fossil )\nspiroxybeloceras meekanum ( r . p . whitfield , 1877 \u2020 ) ( fossil )\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\nammonoids are an extinct group of marine mollusc animals in the subclass ammonoidea of the class . these molluscs are more closely related to living coleoids ( i . e . , , , and cuttlefish ) than they are to shelled nautiloids such as the living nautilus species . the earliest ammonites appear during the devonian , and the last species died out during the cretaceous\u2013paleogene extinction event .\nammonites are excellent index fossils , and it is often possible to link the rock layer in which a particular species or genus is found to specific geologic time periods . their fossil shells usually take the form of planispirals , although there were some helically spiraled and nonspiraled forms ( known as heteromorphs ) .\nthe name\nammonite\n, from which the scientific term is derived , was inspired by the spiral shape of their fossilized shells , which somewhat resemble tightly coiled rams ' horns . pliny the elder ( d . 79 ad near pompeii ) called fossils of these animals ammonis cornua (\nhorns of ammon\n) because the egyptian god ammon ( amun ) was typically depicted wearing ram ' s horns . often the name of an ammonite genus ends in - ceras , which is greek ( \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 ) for\nhorn\n.\nthe official tumblr of the speculative evolution forum ! speculative biology is simultaneously a science and form of art in which one speculates on the possibilities of life and evolution .\nmachine learning algorithms are not like other computer programs . in the usual sort of programming , a . . .\nsword of the orion spacecraft visiting a small scientific and refueling outpost on ophelia , one . . ."]}
{"id": 2269, "summary": [{"text": "negera bimaculata is a moth in the drepanidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by holland in 1893 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in cameroon , gabon , ghana and liberia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is 23-26.5 mm for males and 24.5-29.5 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are buff or greyish buff .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the tornus is darker , with numerous dark brown or black striations parallel to the outer margin and there are numerous brown striations between the postmedial fascia and the base of the wing .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the discocellular spot is black and the postmedial fascia dull brownish red laterally , with a longitudinal central lustrous band .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the costal spots are faintly marked except at the apex .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are buff or greyish buff , darkest between the medial fascia and the weakly marked sub-basal fascia .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "it is speckled with brown distal to the medial fascia .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the discocellular spot is black . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "negera bimaculata", "paragraphs": ["negera bimaculata is a moth in the drepanidae family . it was described by holland in 1893 . [ 1 ] it is found in cameroon , gabon , ghana and liberia . [ 2 ]\ntype species : negera confusa walker , 1855 . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part v . \u2013 lepidoptera heterocera : 1172 . by monotypy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nbiostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .\nthe source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .\nwould you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .\nit will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .\ni use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .\nof perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .\nbasis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwalker f . 1855c . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part v . \u2013 lepidoptera heterocera . - \u2014 5 : i\u2013iv , 977\u20131257 .\nholland w . j . 1893e . new species of west african drepanulidae . - entomological news 4 : 171\u2013181 , pl . 1 .\nwatson a . 1965a . a revision of the ethiopian drepanidae ( lepidoptera ) . - bulletin of the british museum of natural history ( entomology ) supplement 3 : 1\u2013178 , pls . 1\u201318 .\ngaede m . 1927 . bombycidae , drepanidae , eupterotidae , saturnidae . \u2013 in : seitz , a . ( ed . ) die gross - schmetterlinge der erde . eine systematische bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten gross - schmetterlinge . die afrikanischen spinner und schw\u00e4rmer . - \u2014 14 : 283\u2013285 , 287\u2013292 , 293\u2013311 , 313\u2013347 .\ndruce h . 1896 . descriptions of some new species of heterocera from tropical africa . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 6 ) 17 ( 101 ) : 350\u2013356 .\nfelder c . , felder r . & rogenhofer a . f . 1865\u20131875 . reise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den befehlen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . zweiter band . abtheilung 2 , heft 4 , lepidoptera . atlas der heterocera . - \u2014 2 ( 4 ) : 1\u201320 , pls . 1\u2013140 .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 3 / 29 / 2015 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .\nif you know the species , please , click on the picture and write the species name in comments section . also , you can go to the gallery page with all photos of drepanidae sp . ( large size ) .\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 2272, "summary": [{"text": "pyrgotis humilis is a species of moth of the family tortricidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is endemic to new zealand .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "this species was first described by alfred philpott in 1930 from a specimen collected by c. e. clarke on mount maungatua in otago .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 12 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are bright ochreous , suffused with purplish fuscous towards the termen .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are fuscous .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded in december . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "pyrgotis humilis", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about pyrgotis humilis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for pyrgotis humilis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhumilis philpott , 1930 ( pyrgotis ) , rec . auckland inst . mus . 1 : 4 . tl : new zealand , mount maungatua , dunedin . holotype : amnz . male .\neudorana meyrick , 1885 ( pyrgotis ) , trans . new zealand inst . 17 : 143 . tl : new zealand , taronaki . holotype : bmnh . female .\nplinthoglypta meyrick , 1892 ( pyrgotis ) , trans . new zealand inst . 24 : 218 . tl : new zealand , wellington . holotype : bmnh . male .\ntornota meyrick , 1907 ( pyrgotis ) , trans . new zealand inst . 39 : 115 . tl : new zealand . invercargill , southland . holotype : bmnh . female .\nzygiana meyrick , 1882 ( pyrgotis ) , new zealand j . sci . 1 : 277 . tl : new zealand , christchurch , mid canterbury . holotype : bmnh . male .\npyramidias meyrick , 1901 ( pyrgotis ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1901 : 571 . tl : new zealand , invercargill , southland . holotype : bmnh . male .\nconsentiens philpott , 1916 ( pyrgotis ) , trans . proc . new zealand inst . 48 : 421 . tl : new zealand , mt . cleughearn , hunter mountains , fiordland . holotype : nzac . male .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nbugz : hudson , g . v . 1939 : a supplement to the butterflies and moths of new zealand . ferguson & osborn ltd . , wellington : ii , 94 pp ; pls liii - lxii\nhudson , g . v . 1939 : a supplement to the butterflies and moths of new zealand .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\narcuata philpott , 1915 ( capua ) , trans . proc . new zealand inst 47 : 198 . tl : new zealand , invercargill , southland . holotype : nzac . male .\ncalligypsa meyrick , 1926 ( catamacta ) , trans . new zealand inst . 56 : 415 . tl : new zealand , wellington . holotype : bmnh . female .\nvariegata philpott , 1930 ( capua ) , rec . auckland inst . mus . 1 : 4 . tl : new zealand . wairakei , taupo . holotype : amnz . male .\nchrysomela meyrick , 1914 ( catamacta ) , trans . new zealand inst . 46 : 103 . tl : new zealand , kaeo , northland . holotype : bmnh . male .\nplagiatana walker , 1863 ( conchylis ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 370 . tl : new zealand , auckland , nelson . holotype : bmnh . male .\nluciplagana walker , 1863 ( paedisca ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 381 . tl : new zealand . auckland , nelson . holotype : bmnh . female .\nparallela salmon & bradley , 1956 ( epagoge ) , rec . dom . mus . 3 : 72 . tl : new zealand . auckland , nelson . holotype : mnz . male .\npunana felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( grapholitha ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 137 , fig . 43 . tl : new zealand . nelson . holotype : bmnh . male .\nrecusana walker , 1863 ( conchylis ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 371 . tl : new zealand . auckland , nelson . holotype : bmnh . male .\ntrichroa meyrick , 1902 ( adoxophyes ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1901 : 578 . tl : new zealand . whangarei heads , northland . holotype : bmnh . female .\nxylinana felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( grapholitha ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 137 , fig . 44 . tl : new zealand . nelson . holotype : bmnh . female .\nsiderantha meyrick , 1905 ( epagoge ) , j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 : 588 : tl : sri lanka , ceylon [ sri lanka ] ( maskeliya ) . lectotype : bmnh . male .\ntransfixa meyrick , 1924 ( catamacta ) , trans . new zealand inst . 55 : 203 . tl : new zealand , wellington . holotype : bmnh . male .\nunless noted , all images on these pages are copyright \u00a9 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nthis search function lets you find records from auckland museum\u2019s natural sciences , human history and documentary heritage collections .\nthe development of the auckland war memorial museum online collection is an ongoing process ; updates , new images and records are added weekly . in some cases , records have yet to be confirmed by museum staff , and there could be mistakes or omissions in the information provided .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more"]}
{"id": 2286, "summary": [{"text": "oxycetonia jucunda , the smaller green flower chafer , is a species of flower chafer found in japan .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "it has been known to damage citrus and other plants . ", "topic": 12}], "title": "oxycetonia jucunda", "paragraphs": ["no one has contributed data records for oxycetonia jucunda yet . learn how to contribute .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c25e1 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c277b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322ce1a0 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322d0cd4 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3259fa38 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 36f0b50d - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\nschoolmeesters p . ( 2018 ) . scarabs : world scarabaeidae database ( version apr 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .\nurn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : daa3a4c5 - 76ba - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626\n. if you continue to use the site we will assume that you agree with this .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nterms | privacy | phone : 831 . 661 . 5551 | email : info @ urltoken | \u00a9 2015 minden pictures inc | all content on this website is protected by copyright\nto organize and save selections in a folder you must first register or log in . registration is free !\nyou ' ll get access to all the essential fotolia content and so much more .\nadobe stock offers an incredible range of exceptional images , videos , and templates plus 3d , editorial , and premium assets to make your work stand out .\npreview watermarked images inside your designs to make sure they look just right . then license and manage them directly within photoshop cc , illustrator cc , indesign cc , and other adobe desktop apps for a seamless workflow .\n{\ninterception\n: {\nipc\n: false ,\nii\n:\n1\n} ,\nfotolia _ range\n: {\nsearch _ max _ xs _ price\n: {\nrange _ value\n:\nall\n,\nrange _ min\n: 1 ,\nrange _ before _ last _ value\n: 3 ,\nrange _ max\n:\nall\n,\nrange _ step\n: 1 ,\nrange _ value _ labels\n: {\n1\n:\n1 credit\n,\n2\n:\n2 credits\n,\n3\n:\n3 credits\n,\nall\n:\ndo not filter\n} } } ,\nfotolia _ color _ picker\n: {\ncurrent _ colors\n: [ ] ,\nnb _ max _ colors\n: 5 } ,\nfotolia _ thumb _ size\n: {\nthumbs _ container _ class _ by _ size\n: {\n160\n:\nthumbs - list - medium\n,\n220\n:\nthumbs - list - large\n,\n240\n:\nthumbs - list - mosaic\n} } ,\nfotolia _ tooltip\n: {\nlicenses _ label\n:\nlicenses :\n} ,\nfotolia\n: {\nhost _ base\n:\nurltoken\n} ,\nsearch\n: {\nheader - search\n: {\nautocomplete _ container _ id\n:\nsearch - 5b43bcbc82734\n,\nautocomplete _ url\n:\nhttps : \\ / \\ / autocomplete . urltoken \\ / ? language _ id = 2\n} } }\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en\nurltoken\na link to set your password has been sent to : to access your purchases in the future you will need a password .\nto download , save to a library , or open items in your adobe applications .\nselecting a region may change the language and promotional content you see on the adobe stock web site ."]}
{"id": 2288, "summary": [{"text": "adela purpurea is a moth of the family adelidae or fairy longhorn moths .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by walker in 1863 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is widespread in boreal north america , from the yukon through the southern provinces of canada to quebec and further south to northern new jersey .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "adults are on wing from may to june in northern canada and in april in new england .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "adults have been observed visiting salix blossoms . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "adela purpurea", "paragraphs": ["adela purpurea ( fig . 4 ) has been observed once in illinois , in pope county ( j . wiker , pers . comm . ) .\nfigure 2 . adela caeruleella . adult moth , collected diurnally on flower of black snakeroot , sanicula marilandica ( apiaceae ) .\nfigure 1 . adela caeruleella , showing the elongate antennae that are , in the majority of adelidae species , characteristic of male adult individuals .\nadela ridingsella ( fig . 3 ) has been collected at light in june in mason and menard counties in illinois . it appeared in 1995 and 1996 but has not been seen since .\nadela caeruleella ( figs . 1 , 2 ) is the commonest adelid species in illinois . in the central part of the state , the adult appears during the last week of may . it occurs most frequently along trails that run through deciduous forest , where it shows a preference for sitting on flowers of black snakeroot , sanicula marilandica ( apiaceae ) .\nfigure 3 . adela ridingsella . adult . top : specimen collected at uv light , illinois ( courtesy of j . wiker ) ; bottom , left and right : live moth , on flower of goat ' s - beard , aruncus dioicus ( rosaceae ) , southern canada ; photos of live moth kindly provided by dr . jean - fran\u00e7ois landry .\nadelidae is a small family , of which three species ( all in the genus adela ) occur in illinois . the nearctic fauna was monographed by powell ( 1969 ) . larval habits of most adelid species are unknown . in some species , the egg is laid onto a flower , and after hatching , the larva drops to the ground and lives in a portable case , from which it feeds on leaves , not necessarily of the plant species onto which its egg was laid . male adult adelids ( at least of most species ) are known for their spectacularly long antennae ( fig . 1 ) .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ncontributed by jason j . dombroskie on 11 february , 2013 - 7 : 36pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\nall documents and related graphics provided by this server and any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server are provided\nas is\nwithout warranty as to the currentness , completeness , or accuracy of any specific data . natureserve hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to any documents provided by this server or any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server , including but not limited to all implied warranties and conditions of merchantibility , fitness for a particular purpose , and non - infringement . natureserve makes no representations about the suitability of the information delivered from this server or any other documents that are referenced to or linked to this server . in no event shall natureserve be liable for any special , indirect , incidental , consequential damages , or for damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information contained in any documents provided by this server or in any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server , under any theory of liability used . natureserve may update or make changes to the documents provided by this server at any time without notice ; however , natureserve makes no commitment to update the information contained herein . since the data in the central databases are continually being updated , it is advisable to refresh data retrieved at least once a year after its receipt . the data provided is for planning , assessment , and informational purposes . site specific projects or activities should be reviewed for potential environmental impacts with appropriate regulatory agencies . if ground - disturbing activities are proposed on a site , the appropriate state natural heritage program ( s ) or conservation data center can be contacted for a site - specific review of the project area ( see visit local programs ) .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nblue bar represents all specimens collected within a specified date range . red line also represents specimens collected within a specified date range but specimens collected at the same date and location are counted as one specimen .\n900x694 ( ~ 67kb ) finland : eh : koski , 677 : 39 , 7 . 5 . 1988 s . silvonen , photo \u00a9 kimmo silvonen\n[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome ."]}
{"id": 2307, "summary": [{"text": "the cocinero , caranx vinctus ( also known as the barred jack and striped jack ) , is a species of small marine fish classified in the jack family , carangidae .", "topic": 6}, {"text": "the cocinero is distributed through the tropical eastern pacific ocean , ranging along the west american coastline from baja california in the north to peru in the south .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "it is a pelagic species , inhabiting the upper water column in both coastal and offshore oceanic waters , occasionally making its way into estuaries .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the species may be identified by its colouration , having 8 or 9 incomplete dark vertical stripes on its sides , with scute and gill raker counts also diagnostic .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "it is small compared to most other species of caranx , reaching a length of 37 cm in total .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "the cocinero is a predatory fish , taking small fishes , crustaceans , as well as various benthic invertebrates in shallower waters .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "little is known of the species reproductive habits .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "the cocinero is of moderate importance to fisheries along the west coast of south america , and the species has been used in aquaculture trials .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "it is taken by various netting methods and by spear , and is sold fresh , dried and salted at market . ", "topic": 15}], "title": "cocinero", "paragraphs": ["save 10 % each on qualifying items offered by quick cocinero when you purchase 2 or more . here ' s how ( restrictions apply )\nsave 15 % each on qualifying items offered by quick cocinero when you purchase 3 or more . here ' s how ( restrictions apply )\nsave 20 % each on qualifying items offered by quick cocinero when you purchase 5 or more . here ' s how ( restrictions apply )\nsave 25 % each on qualifying items offered by quick cocinero when you purchase 7 or more . here ' s how ( restrictions apply )\nwhat made you want to look up cocinero ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .\ndo you have dull knives that need to be sharpened ? say goodbye to those sore wrists and strenuous chopping in three easy steps with the quick cocinero 3 stage knife sharpening system . revive your dull kitchen knives\nspanish : cataco , chicharro oj\u00f3n , cocinero , cojinoa , cojinua , jiguagua , jurel de ojo grande , medregal , oj\u00f3n , ojona , ojot\u00f3n , olho largo , pepona , s\u00e1balo de ojo grande , tamalito .\ngallardo - cabello , m . , e . espino - barr , a . garc\u00eda - boa , e . g . cabral - sol\u00eds & m . puente - g\u00f3mez . 2006a . algunos par\u00e1metros biol\u00f3gicos del cocinero\nthe quick cocinero knife sharpener is amazing ! i bought this for my mother - in - law as a gift , tested it on one of her large knives , the results were so incredible , i actually decided to post a video with my review .\nsiempre consider\u00e9 que la termodin\u00e1mica era esencialmente una teor\u00eda econ\u00f3mica de la naturaleza y trabaj\u00e9 en ello creando una extensi\u00f3n l\u00f3gica del segundo principio que incluyera las ideas de coste y de irreversibilidad , y con ellas los conceptos de prop\u00f3sito , eficiencia y causalidad . lo hice con mis colaboradores al viejo estilo carnotiano , fij\u00e1ndonos en\nmejorar las m\u00e1quinas t\u00e9rmicas\n, pero nuestra sorpresa fue que d . nicholas , desde el campo totalmente opuesto de la econom\u00eda ya hab\u00eda criticado a este cuerpo de doctrina porque no inclu\u00eda ( ni incluye ) el concepto de irreversibilidad y s\u00ed en cambio el concepto de total sustitutibilidad del capital por recursos naturales . jocosamente , herman daly se refiere en esto al truco de magia de hacer un pastel s\u00f3lo con cocinero y cocina pero sin ingredientes .\nbar jack , black jack , blue runner , blue - striped cavalla , crevalle jack , crevalle , greenback , jack , neverbite , passing jack , point nose , rainbow crevalle , red jack , runner , skip jack , and skip - jack are common english names . other names include carangue comade ( french ) , carbonera ( spanish ) , carbonero ( spanish ) , cavally ( french ) , chibi aguadillo ( spanish ) , cibi ( spanish ) , cibi carbonero ( spanish ) , cibi cocinero ( spanish ) , cibi mancho ( spanish ) , civil ( spanish ) , cojinua ( spanish ) , cojinua carbonera ( spanish ) , cojinua lomo azul ( spanish ) , cojinua negra ( spanish ) , cojinuda ( spanish ) , guaymen ( spanish ) , guaymen blanco ( spanish ) , jaag ( papiamento ) , jager ( dutch ) , karanks baretka ( polish ) , kawang filet ( creole ) , negrito ( spanish ) , xareu - carvoeiro ( portuguese ) , yag ( papiamento ) , and yaru ( papiamento ) .\nrecently , the question of ambiguity in translation has been raised in several studies ( schonpflug , 1997 ; tokowicz & kroll , 2007 ; tokowicz , prior , & kroll , 2007 ) . translation equivalents may have a one - to - many mapping for different reasons . in some cases , within language ambiguity might lead to multiple translations . for example , the english word glass has two distinct meanings : the material and the drinking vessel . each of these translates onto a different spanish word : vidrio for the former and vaso for the latter . within language , synonymy can also lead to multiple translations : the spanish word sof\u00e1 may be translated into english as either sofa or couch . part of speech , or grammatical class , ambiguity also often results in multiple translations . the english word cook can mean either the action ( i . e . , the verb ) , in which case it translates into the spanish cocinar , or the person ( i . e . , the noun ) , in which case it translates to the spanish cocinero . finally , there are cases in which multiple translations are a result of the differences in the conceptual\u2013lexical mappings of the two languages . the spanish noun reloj covers the concepts denoted by both clock and watch in english , each of which is a correct translation . in the same way , the meaning of the english verb know , which covers both knowing facts and knowing people , is carried by two distinct verbs in spanish : saber for the former and conocer for the latter .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwe ' ve combined the most accurate english to spanish translations , dictionary , verb conjugations , and spanish to english translators into one very powerful search box .\nspanishdict is devoted to improving our site based on user feedback and introducing new and innovative features that will continue to help people learn and love the spanish language . have a suggestion , idea , or comment ? send us your feedback .\nmerriam - webster references for mobile , kindle , print , and more . see all \u00bb\n\u00a9 2018 merriam - webster , incorporated some example sentences from\ncollins spanish dictionary - complete & unabridged\n9th edition 2011 \u00a9 william collins sons & co .\nlove words ? you must \u2014 there are over 200 , 000 words in our free online dictionary , but you are looking for one that\u2019s only in the merriam - webster unabridged dictionary .\nthe story of an imaginary word that managed to sneak past our editors and enter the dictionary .\ntake this quiz and discover 12 words for things you didn ' t know had words .\nfulfilment by amazon ( fba ) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in amazon ' s fulfilment centres , and we directly pack , ship , and provide customer service for these products . something we hope you ' ll especially enjoy : fba products qualify for free shipping\nif you ' re a seller , fulfilment by amazon can help you increase your sales . we invite you to learn more about fulfilment by amazon .\nstep 1 : repair and straighten damaged blades using the diamond surface . it can also be used to fine hone ceramic blades . - step 2 : sharpen the blade and restore it to its original state using the ceramic steel tungsten carbide surface . perfect for knives ranging from paring , specialty , utility , carving , pocket , and hunting knives . - step 3 : clean and polish the blade surface using the ceramic surface . this stage finishes the blade to a razor sharp edge .\nsafe and easy to use - this professional knife sharpener allows you to sharpen knives with ease and without damaging your counter tops due to its anti - slip resistant base and contoured handle for a more secure grip . this manual knife sharpening system is truly the best kitchen knife sharpener on the market today . forget all other electric knife sharpeners . this is the only knife sharpening kit that you need .\nergonomic design \u2013 this 3 stage knife sharpener is made of solid abs material and is resistant to moisture and corrosion . ergonomically designed allowing for both right and left hand usage . the anti - skid rubber pad ensures the sharpener is comfortable , stable , and secured when using .\nunparalleled precision knife sharpening - restore your straight - edge and ceramic knives to a precision edge like a pro . this amazing 3 stage knife sharpening tool makes it easier to sharpen straight - edge and ceramic knives quickly and effectively ( no serrated knives . you could be a professional chef , a homemaker , or simply someone who needs a sharp kitchen knife . click \u2018add to cart\u2019 now and enjoy our no - hassle lifetime warranty !\nceramic knife set zirconium blade shuangchuang kitchen cutlery chef knife set with . . .\nross henery professional 5 piece kitchen knife set with black blades in clear folda . . .\ntuo cutlery chefs kitchen knife - japanese aus10 damascus steel - g10 handle - proffes . . .\nlatest knife sharpener - keep all your kitchen knives razor sharp with the best rat . . .\nkitchen knife sharpener with 3 stage tungsten diamond knife sharpener ninonly for s . . .\nleather strop honing sharpening knives chisel tools 3 x 8 inch double - sided vegetab . . .\ncadrim ceramic chef knife set , professional kitchen chef ' s knife for kitchen chef 4 . . .\nsponsored products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on amazon . ca . when you click on a sponsored product ad , you will be taken to an amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it .\nthis shopping feature will continue to load items . in order to navigate out of this carousel , please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading .\nplease make sure that you ' ve entered a valid question . you can edit your question or post anyway .\nthere was a problem completing your request . please try your search again later .\nnew release version 3 . 0 hd diy oil painting by numbers kit theme pbn kit for adults girls kids white christmas decor decorations gifts - girl ( without frame )\nvictorinox fibrox 8 - inch chef ' s knife 40520 , 47520 , 45520 , 5 . 2063 . 20\nknife sharpener , yiloyal professional kitchen sharpening tool for straight and serr . . .\n6 - inch professional damascus boning knife by kamosoto with high carbon japanese 67 . . .\nhapstone pro v7 sharpening system with silicon carbide sharpening stones included f . . .\nknife and scissor sharpener riversong scissors sharpener knife sharpener multi - func . . .\ni also really liked the handle for gripping the knife sharpener if you are left handed or right handed . it made it easy to use the 3 stage knife sharpener , and in my humble opinion , a lot safer as well . great product . i highly recommend it ! check out the video for more !\ni ' ve had this knife sharpener about 2 weeks now . it appears to be well constructed ( time will tell ) , it has good weight , the surface feels lightly rubberized and feels balanced holding it . i ' ve found placing the sharpener on a table and then drawing the knife through it makes it easier to use . i used it on 2 stainless steel 12\nkitchen knives purchased at walmart that were very dull and getting dangerous to use . after sharpening the knives they are way sharper now . they are not razor blade sharp , which wouldn ' t last long but sharp enough that both my wife and i are saying / thinking why didn ' t we do this sooner ! i even tried this on my pocket knife and it worked , but this sharpener was designed for large blades .\ndoes the job , just need to do it a couple more times than instructed . be careful when sharpening , might want to do it over a cutting board , so you don ' t accidently cut down on your table when pulling off the edge .\nthis unit oozes quality . the handle is ergonomic . the three stage process sharpens the blade just like it came from the factory . i ' ve sharpened every knife i have and each and every one is actually razor - sharp . i am certain that the unit will last for a very long time . highly recommended .\nthis sharpener truly earns its name . a couple passes through its three stages and i have a brand new knife . i always sharpen my knife before i begin cooking .\nthis is a great product . i would recommend it to anyone . works on both steel and ceramic blades . i have both henkel steel knives and ceramic knives . this sharpener works great on both . the henkel takes longer to sharpen , but once it has been sharpened , it ' s just a matter of sharpening each knife each time you use it . the henkels just don ' t seem to hold an edge ( and i do have the expensive ones , not the entry level ) .\ngood for maintaining knives . our knives had never been sharpened & this made a big difference . not capable of fixing all the flaws in a well use knife but if used while the blade is still in decent shape it will keep the edge in good condition .\nincredibly sturdy and safe feel with the long , rubber handle . never felt unsafe when sharpening with it . the 3 slots make for quick and easy sharpening with very good results . definitely recommend to keep your kitchen knives sharp and functional .\ndoesn ' t do a proper job . the blade of the knife does get worked on but at the end , after trying to slice a sheet of paper to see the effectiveness of the sharpener , i end up . . .\ni ' ve used it on 3 knives so far and what a big difference ! the sharpened knives are great to work with . thank you\nit doesn ' t sharpen as well as some of the others on the market .\nseems to sharpen well but the metal cover came off within a few weeks . the sharpeners still works but obviously quite poorly made .\nfell apart almost immediately . the silver faceplate broke right away and the plastic handle is now splitting too . sharpens knives , at least !\nprime members enjoy free two - day shipping , free same - day or one - day delivery to select areas , prime video , prime music , and more .\nafter viewing product detail pages , look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages that interest you .\neste sitio hace uso intenso de javascript . por favor habilita javascript en tu navegador .\npor curiosidad . cuanto aumenta la velocidad ? sera que cocinas instantaneamente para que sea tan caro dicho gorro .\nflavor items can often cost a lot , like the cenarion war hippgryph when it was first introduced and the those mammoths from the sons of hodir . we don ' t feel the the need to add special function to things just because they are expensive . i know a number of players who are interested in the hat just for the look and that ' s what we were going for .\nsome people may have a load of dca saved up , already have every recipe and dont really need all those northen spices .\npeople like me ; who have enough northern spices for a lifetime , have all the recipies and alot of spare dca ' s will be using em to that . great afkin ' hat : )\n, and a\ncook book\nto go with it . i ' m looking at\nthere is also the bloody apron item from sfk , i believe same boss , that could help complete the set . nobody wants to be on the bad side of a good butcher with a bloody apron ; p\nbut be careful , it ' s too low level for the kirin tor one .\nhere ' s the best outfit i could piece together with in - game clothing for those who are interested .\nis an obvious choice for anyone that can wield maces . . . if you don ' t like the tenderizer , go for some\nsadly , for us clothies , there does not seem to be much in terms of cooking accessories for the weapon slots .\ndropped by cookie . . . it doesn ' t look as chef - tastic as the mace he drops , but it ' s got a chef reference in the name at least , so non - priest clothies might look into it . . .\nfor your main hand , coupled with any other fish in game . you also might consider a\n. . . no one actually uses them as a cooking utensil , but it ' s got a culinary flare to it .\np . s . dont bring runescape junk into wow , no - one cares at all .\nbe sold back to the vendor for the tokens . definately worth getting for all of the keen chef ' s out there - and a nice alternative to bunny ears if you like messing around with silly outfits whilst waiting for raids to get together !\ni guess if you ' re a good enough chef to get the hat , you don ' t run as much a risk of burning yourself . but still . . .\nyou can not sell this back after you have gotten it . it is soulbound and does not show the 2 hour resell timer so no cheating there for achievement : )\nin patch 3 . 2 this will become a blue ( superior ) item , and will also increase the speed at which you cook .\n\u25a0chef ' s hat is now superior quality and allows the chef to cook faster .\n\u25a0increased the chance to get a bonus dalaran cooking award from the spice bag .\n\u25a0the recipe for captain rumsey ' s lager can now be randomly found in the quest reward crate , barrel , or spice bag from the cooking dailies .\nin 3 . 2 blizzard is adding a passive equip to this item that decreases cooking time .\ncannot be enchanted with arcanum of flame ' s soul ( 25 fire resist / 30 stam ) .\nmy idea of the perfect chef ' s outfit . of course if you can ' t dual wield maces , i ' d go with any off - hand fish .\ni recently tested this item by cooking 6 salmon . with this hat unequipped it took me aprox . 9 seconds to cook 3 salmon and with the hat equipped it took me under 3 seconds .\nwhile not insta cast , it ' s fast enough to be worth getting in my oppinion .\nmy name is boyardee in - game , and i have the chef title . : p ( zul ' jin realm )\nnow they just need to make a\nkiss the chef\ntabard purchasable with dcas . . . that would be pretty sweet : )\nsadly i thought the same thing running someone through sfk , bloody apron looks absolutely nothing like a real apron .\nin 3 . 2 this will increase your cooking speed by 4 times . what normally took 2 seconds to cook took only 0 . 5 seconds with this hat .\n, the hat now reduces the cast time of any cooking recipe to 0 . 5 seconds , be it\ngodly for the current thanksgiving event if you don ' t want to spend 4x the time waiting to cook up everything .\n: i actually just tested it and saved me 1 . 5 seconds per spiced bread : < saddo : nice : ) : lol : so 100 tokens saved you 30 secs roughly : well no , i wasted more than 30 seconds working out the maths : net result it wasted time\nif you have the dca , and you buy this hat , i promise you . . .\nand put it instead of you cooking icon . whenever you ' ll open cooking with this you ' ll also automaticaly equip the hat . the icon will also automaticaly be set to the cooking icon . speeds up cooking big time .\nmakes cooked food a lucrative profession for earning gold . buy spices , buy fish , cook thousands - profit .\nactually is straight up with pleats ( nothing floppy ) . the taller the\nstove pipe\nthe more important the chef .\ni ' m sure i ' ll get reamed or extremely down voted for pointing this out , but having a father that ' s an executive chef , i had to get it off my chest somewhere .\nthe mind amplification dish - as of 4 . 0 . 3a - has been changed from a head - slot engineering tinker\nfeel free to downrate this original post on account of this change . i thought it would be best however to update this post for accuracy ' s sake . : p\nif you are starting to cook on cataclysm and wished to farm this only to save time when cooking large amounts of food , i don ' t think it ' s a good idea , since it will demand hours and hours to farm a hat to save hours cooking only after years playing wow . unless you plan on cooking hundreds of stuff everyday , of course .\nit ' s just better to take a little bit more time to cook stuff and do it while you ' re doing anything else on the pc or out of it , since it ' s automaticaly done after you start the process .\nunfortunately cannot be transmogrified with anything , because it has no armor type to match with ( cloth , plate , etc ) .\ncurrently in the mists of pandaria beta , orgrimmar / thunder bluff / undercity ( or whatever there are for alliance . . stormwind and ? ) tokens , the chef ' s award , along with the dalaran cooking award , are merged into one currency . if you farm now and get 50 / 50 ( or 70 / 30 , or any variation thereof ) you will be able to purchase the hat when 5 . 0 goes live .\nnow if only they ' d make it account bound so i could get one for my monk . . . . . / sigh\n- all cooking awards have been combined into a single currency : epicureans awards . this not only cleans up your currency list a bit , but means that doing the daily quests in stormwind can help you buy the chef\u2019s hat in dalaran .\nso i ' m guessing this waterlogged recipe will have those 5x epicurean award instead cuz i was saving these to quickly gain my hat on my fresh panda on day one in mop . ( repeatable 20 recipes x 5 awards = 100 awards = hat in one day , daily cap 25 quest )\nedit : yep , if you we ' re saving waterlogged recipe like me they ' re still fine . they give 5 x epicurean award so you can spend it in dala , org / sw , but the chef ' s hat is only purchaseable in dala .\na word of warning , i know that before this item was not able to be disenchanted , i tried on an alt and the game said so . i use the addon trade skill master and was using the destroyer to de a bunch of items , i ' ve done it many times before including yesterday and it did not de them . today it did . be careful .\n- there may be some more white head items with green armor stat , that also work , if you happen to find any , please post .\nthis hat works great if you ' re looking to make a cooking outfit . i personally used this one with the frying pan , rolling pin and apron heirlooms obtained from the tillers . i also used black tuxedo pants and dress shoes .\ni think they should make an iron chef ' s hat that is made of ( you guessed it ) iron and has a much higher armor stat . maybe also an instant cook time . : - )\ni ' m surprised that i ' m not finding anyone else here , wishing this was boa or\ntoy box\n- able . the amount of tokens you need to collect . . for just 1 hat for 1 toon , is a lengthy process ( weeks if not months ) . there ' s more easily accessible items then this that ' s boa or toy box - able . come on blizz !\nso that it gives you a helm graphic and a buff that lasts until you dispel it .\ni figured it ' s better now than later to start farming the old items that will be converted to toys in legion . who knows if they ' ll lower drop rates or how heavily they will be camped once they ' re added to the toybox .\ni made myself a google sheets document to track all the toys being converted and it has the ability to mark off the item once you ' ve found it . with the filters i can then hide any marked off toys . this has really helped me find and track the long list of items and i wanted to share it with the community . i ' ve heavily cleaned it up for sharing purpose , so feel free to use it as you please !\nalternatively you can download it as a . xlxs or . ods file , but i haven ' t checked this for compatibility .\nseems to have disappeared from my bank on the ptr . hope this is just a bug . i ' ll be a bit peeved if i have to get it again on live .\ndoes anyone know how to get this hat back after you accidentally deleted it . well other than grinding the dailies again !\nas of 7 . 0 the chef ' s hat is now a toy . it seams to have lost it ' s ability to increase cooking speed ( bug , intended ? )\ni added it to my toys , and now its completely gone , lots of other legion toys show as uncollected , but this is not in toy list at all collected or not . bug ?\ntook me a long time on my starter account . but now the toy requires 400 cooking where the item use to have no requirement . wtf ! my level 20 priest named chef boyardee uses cookie ' s tenderizer and unidentified utensil , but now has no chef ' s hat after grinding out the cooking dailies . please remove the 400 cooking requirement . it wasn ' t there before !\nget a refund for your 100 epicurean ' s awards , for those of you like me that just wanted the achievement and then to get your coin back .\npor favor , pon tus preguntas en nuestro foro para obtener una respuesta m\u00e1s r\u00e1pida .\nen general , las capturas de pantalla que contienen elementos de iu se rechazan de inmediato , al igual que las capturas provenientes del visor de modelos o de la pantalla de selecci\u00f3n de personajes .\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\ncorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to : a . prior , department of psychology , 254p baker hall , carnegie mellon university , 5000 forbes ave . , pittsburgh , pa 15217 ( ude . umc . werdna @ roirpa )\nwe present a set of translation norms for 670 english and 760 spanish nouns , verbs and class ambiguous items that varied in their lexical properties in both languages , collected from 80 bilingual participants . half of the words in each language received more than a single translation across participants . cue word frequency and imageability were both negatively correlated with number of translations . word class predicted number of translations : nouns had fewer translations than did verbs , which had fewer translations than class - ambiguous items . the translation probability of specific responses was positively correlated with target word frequency and imageability , and with its form overlap with the cue word . translation choice was modulated by l2 proficiency : less proficient bilinguals tended to produce lower probability translations than more proficient bilinguals , but only in forward translation , from l1 to l2 . these findings highlight the importance of translation ambiguity as a factor influencing bilingual representation and performance . the norms can also provide an important resource to assist researchers in the selection of experimental materials for studies of bilingual and monolingual language performance . these norms may be downloaded from urltoken .\nthe study of bilingual language processing exploits the presence of translation equivalents in the bilingual speaker\u2019s two languages as an important research tool . the impact of different lexical characteristics in both the source and the target language on performance in translation recognition and production has been taken as evidence regarding the organization of the bilingual lexicon and conceptual system ( e . g . , de groot , 1992 ; kroll & tokowicz , 2005 ; s\u00e1nchez - casas & garc\u00eda - albea , 2005 ) . the translation task itself allows one to study the dynamic online interaction between the two language systems and to examine specific cross - linguistic relations between words .\nfurthermore , studies using the picture\u2013word stroop task consider the way in which the presence of a translation in one language affects production in the other language ( e . g . , costa , miozzo , & caramazza , 1999 ; hermans , bongaerts , de bot , & schreuder , 1998 ) . in studies of bilingual word recognition , cross - language priming across translation equivalents has also been used to determine the degree to which aspects of lexical form and meaning are shared for a bilingual\u2019s two languages even when the two languages do not share the same script ( e . g . , chen & ng , 1989 ; gollan , forster , & frost , 1997 ; jiang , 2000 ; keatley , spinks , & de gelder , 1994 ) . in addition , researchers interested in general mechanisms of language production have started to use translation tasks as a tool that allows them to avoid some of the shortcomings of picture naming , which is necessarily restricted to a limited set of concrete nouns ( e . g . , gumnior , bolte , & zwitserlood , 2006 ; jescheniak & levelt , 1994 ; vigliocco , lauer , damian , & levelt , 2002 ) .\neven among the relatively small set of objects that are nameable , there is often disagreement within and across languages regarding the most appropriate name for a given object . in developing picture norms and materials for research , name agreement has been considered a critical variable ( e . g . , bates et al . , 2003 ; cuetos et al . , 1999 ; sanfeliu & fernandez , 1996 ; snodgrass & vanderwart , 1980 ; szekely et al . , 2004 ; yoon et al . , 2004 ) . ironically , although words are potentially more ambiguous than pictures , most past studies that have examined words in one language and their translation in another language have relied on materials judged subjectively to have only one , or a clearly dominant , translation .\nin developing norms for the number of translations for words in dutch and in english , tokowicz et al . ( 2002 ) examined items used in previous research that had been carefully selected to have only a single or at least a clearly dominant translation . however , of these items , in fact 25 % were given more than one translation in each direction of translation . this finding leads to several interesting questions .\nan important theoretical issue is the actual prevalence of single - translation items in the bilingual lexicon . if most past research studies used items that apparently had a single translation , whereas in fact most of the translation equivalents in the bilingual lexicon are not unique , then perhaps models developed on the basis of these studies do not adequately represent the varieties of bilingual conceptual and lexical representation . as stated above , tokowicz et al . ( 2002 ) found 25 % of items to have more than a single translation , but this is likely to be an underestimation of the actual prevalence of ambiguity in translation because the items sampled in that study had been pre - selected by experimenters to have only a single translation .\nnevertheless , even within their sample , tokowicz et al . ( 2002 ) demonstrated the implications of ambiguity by showing that words that have more than a single translation are judged to be less semantically similar to each of their possible translations than are words that have only a single translation . furthermore , the number of translations across languages has recently also been shown to affect performance in both recognition and production tasks ( e . g . , prior , kroll , & macwhinney , 2006 ; tokowicz & kroll , 2007 ; tokowicz et al . , 2007 ) . therefore , models of bilingual processing must account for the effects of response competition at various levels .\nin this article , we present a set of translation norms for english and spanish words , based on bilingual participants providing a single written translation for each word presented to them . to our knowledge , this is the first compilation of such norms to be published for these languages . in addition to providing a valuable resource to bilingualism and language production researchers working with this common language pairing , this study addresses several important issues , outlined below , by sampling a wide range of lexical items in the two languages . we also examine the relations between translation likelihood or probability and a host of psycholinguistic lexical variables that have been previously studied in the monolingual and bilingual literature .\nas has been noted by both linguists ( levin & rappaport hovav , 1996 ; wierzbicka , 1988 ) and psycholinguists ( e . g . , gentner , 1981 ) , lexical items belonging to different grammatical classes encode different types of meaning . nouns typically encode entities , tend to be more perceptually grounded , and their meaning is usually less context - dependent ( but see barsalou , 1982 ) . verbs , on the other hand , usually encode relations ( ferretti , mcrae , & hatherell , 2001 ) , have more senses ( miller & fellbaum , 1991 ) , and can be more easily adjusted by contextual demands .\nof special importance for the present discussion , the meanings of verbs and the conceptual aspects encoded in them have greater interlanguage variation than do nominal concepts as demonstrated by gentner ( 1981 ) . in the same vein , van hell and de groot ( 1998 ) found greater cross - language associative similarity for nouns than for verbs , hinting that nominal translation equivalents share more conceptual features than do verbal concepts .\ndespite these word class differences , psycholinguistic bilingual investigations to date have focused almost exclusively on nouns , and with a great emphasis on concrete nouns ( e . g . , kroll & stewart , 1994 ; la heij , hooglander , kerling , & van der velden , 1996 ; potter , so , von eckardt , & feldman , 1984 ) . a goal of the present research is to provide more information concerning the generalization of such results to the representation of other grammatical classes , namely verbs . to address this issue , we examine the relation between grammatical class and number of translations . the work of gentner ( 1981 ) and van hell and de groot ( 1998 ) suggests that verbs may be more ambiguous in translation than nouns . the present sample included words from both grammatical classes in order to investigate this possibility .\nthe words in our sample were selected to cover a range of printed frequency , imageability , concreteness and age of acquisition ( aoa ) , enabling us to examine whether these within language factors impact the number of different translations a word may have across languages . tokowicz et al . ( 2002 ) reported significant correlations between concreteness and number of translations , such that the concrete nouns in their sample tended to have fewer translations than did the abstract nouns . in the current study we revisit this issue , to see whether it is replicated in our sample . we also examined additional possible predictors for number of translations , including word class as discussed above , word frequency , imageability and aoa .\na second topic of interest concerns those words that can be translated in multiple ways . for these items , we tried to identify factors that might predict translation choice\u2014that is , which of the possible translations is more likely to be produced . the translation of these words allows the participant the freedom of response choice as long as the meaning of the original word is preserved , and in that sense has some similarity to a within - language free association task . we therefore examined variables known to exert their influence in the free association task , and specifically the frequency of the response word ( nelson , mcevoy , & dennis , 2000 ) . free associations given to a certain word tend to have higher frequency than the stimulus word , which might reflect a production bias toward high frequency words , a phenomenon that has been observed in picture and object naming as well ( cuetos , ellis , & alvarez , 1999 ; snodgrass & yuditsky , 1996 ) . if this is the case , we would expect to find a similar pattern in translation . given that for specific multiple translation words there are several possible translations , we set forth to investigate whether the probability of participants providing each of the different translations is related to their frequency in the target language .\na further issue , which is unique for translation generation as opposed to within - language free association , is the question of the form similarity of the translation response to the original word . translation pairs that overlap in lexical form as well as meaning are considered to be cognates . cognates typically include a range of similarity across the orthography and phonology of the words in each language . there is a large body of evidence showing that cognate translations are produced more rapidly and accurately than noncognate translations ( e . g . , de groot , 1992 ) . further , when bilinguals perform picture naming exclusively in one of their languages , there is reliable facilitation when the name of the picture in the other language is a cognate ( costa , caramazza , & seb\u00e1stian - gall\u00e9s , 2000 ) . in light of these findings , we examined whether in cases where there are several possible translations the probability of giving a specific translation was influenced by its cognate status in relation to the stimulus word . since cognate translation pairs overlap both in form and in meaning , there might be a bias toward producing a cognate translation , if such a translation exists for a specific item .\nin this study , we collected translation data from a mixed bilingual population to effectively separate the direction of translation from the specific languages . thus , english translations for spanish words were collected from both english - dominant bilinguals ( who performed backward translation from their l2 to their l1 ) and spanish - dominant bilinguals ( who performed forward translation from their l1 into their l2 ) , and the reverse was true for spanish translations of english words . this choice enables us to isolate language - specific characteristics . for example , word class ambiguity is far more prevalent in english than in spanish , and in our sample half of the participants encountered its effect in forward translation ( from l1 to l2 ) and the other half encountered its effect in backward translation ( from l2 to l1 ) . in addition , the participants in both dominance groups varied in their l2 proficiency , allowing us to examine what role this factor might have on translation choice and translation variation .\nforty spanish - dominant and 40 english - dominant bilinguals participated in the study , and were paid for their participation . we recruited highly proficient bilinguals\u2014selection criteria included studying the second language for a minimum of 5\u20136 college semesters or having commensurate language experience . all of the spanish - dominant bilinguals were immersed in their l2 environment , since the study was conducted in pittsburgh , for periods ranging from 6 weeks to 34 years , with a median of 4 years . of the english - dominant bilinguals , 31 had immersion experience in the l2 environment , for periods ranging from 2 weeks up to 20 years , with a median of 7 . 5 months . in the original sample , there were 7 subjects who reported their first language to have been spanish but their current dominant language to be english , by virtue of spending long periods of time in the us . we were concerned that these switched - dominance participants might differ from the rest of the english - dominant bilinguals in various aspects , and so replaced them with participants more similar to the rest of the group .\nparticipants completed a language history questionnaire ( lhq ) prior to completing the translation task . language dominance was assessed as follows : if there were differences in the self - ratings of proficiency in the two languages on the lhq scales , the language rated by the bilingual as his or her stronger language was assumed to be the dominant language . participants who rated themselves equally proficient in english and in spanish were questioned orally , and asked if they had to make a forced choice , which language they would select as being their stronger language . if they were able to make such a choice , their assigned dominance reflected this choice . finally , those few participants who were unable to make the determination were assumed to be english dominant , by virtue of currently residing in a predominantly english speaking environment .\n* excluding a single subject who had been immersed in l2 for 20 years .\n* * excluding two subjects who had been immersed in l2 for 34 and 28 years , respectively .\nhalf of the participants from each dominance group performed english to spanish translation , and the rest translated in the opposite direction . importantly , for both dominance groups there were no significant differences between the subgroups that performed each direction of translation ( all p values > . 10 ) .\ntranslations were collected first for a set of english words . as a second step , all spanish translations produced by at least two participants were then normed back and translated by a second group of participants into english . the original set included 670 english words : 241 nouns , 79 verbs , and 350 word - class ambiguous items ( e . g . , dress , which can be both the action and the garment ) . words had a frequency of 1\u20131 , 290 per million ( ku\u010dera & francis , 1967 ) , with a mean of 109 . 3 and a sd of 148 . 9 . 1 ratings of imageability ( bird , franklin , & howard , 2001 ) , concreteness ( coltheart , 1981 ; wilson , 1988 ) , familiarity ( coltheart , 1981 ; wilson , 1988 ) , and aoa ( bird et al . , 2001 ; coltheart , 1981 ; wilson , 1988 ) were available for a majority of the items in the set .\nthe spanish items included 762 words : 525 nouns and 237 verbs . words had a frequency of 0 . 5\u20132 , 053 per million , with a mean of 82 . 9 and a sd of 161 . 3 ( p\u00e9rez , alameda , & cuetos , 2003 ) . ratings of imageability , concreteness , and familiarity were available for a substantial subset ( from lexesp sebasti\u00e1n - gall\u00e9s , mart\u00ed , cuetos & carreiras , 2000 ; using b - pal , davis & perea , 2005 ) . aoa ratings were not available for a large enough portion of the sample .\ncognate ratings were generated by having a separate group of 30 native english speakers , who did not have any knowledge of spanish , portuguese , french , or italian , perform the translation - elicitation task described by kroll and stewart ( 1994 ; see also dufour & kroll , 1995 ) . cognate ratings based on translation - elicitation from monolingual speakers have been shown to be comparable to ratings obtained from bilingual speakers ( friel & kennison , 2001 ) . participants were presented with a list of words in spanish , and instructed to guess their translation in english . each word was presented to 10 participants , so that cognate ratings ranged from 0 ( none of the english speakers correctly guessed the translation , due to the fact that there was no cross - language form overlap , such as mu\u00f1eca \u2013 doll ) to 10 ( all the participants correctly guessed the translation , for translation equivalents with highly similar lexical form , such as concepto \u2013 concept ) .\ntwo versions of a lexical decision task were developed , one in english and one in spanish . the procedure for selecting the words was based on that described by\n. each list included 168 word and 168 orthographically and phonotactically legal nonwords . participants performed the lexical decision task in the l2 . the task took approximately 15 min to complete .\nparticipants completed the lhq , followed by the lexical decision task in the l2 . they then received a typed booklet containing either english or spanish words . the english list was divided into two versions , each of 335 words , and each including half of the items from each word - class category . the spanish stimulus pool was also divided into two lists , each of 381 words , again dividing nouns and verb equally between the versions . the spanish list was longer , because it was compiled only after the translation data for the english items had been collected , and it included all spanish words that had been produced by at least two participants . participants were requested to write down the first translation they could think of for each item on the list . participants worked at their own pace , and took breaks as necessary .\ntranslations were coded for accuracy using the larousse spanish\u2013english and english\u2013spanish dictionary , and by two native english speakers who are instructors of spanish in the department of modern languages at carnegie mellon university . each translation was also assigned a grammatical category . conjugated forms of verbs were accepted as correct responses , and were converted to the infinitive for the purpose of counting the number of different translations . similarly , plural forms of nouns were accepted as correct responses , and were combined with the singular forms for computing number of translations . spelling mistakes were also accepted , as long as the intention of the participant was clear and the mistake did not result in a different word in the language .\nin this analysis we explored the factors that are correlated with a particular word having more than a single translation . the dependent variable was the number of distinct , correct translations that each word had received from different participants ( collapsed across both language dominance groups ) . since aoa ratings were only available for the english words , we analyzed the english and the spanish items separately .\ngives the percent of items from each category that received more than a single translation . for the spanish words , number of translations ranged from 1 to 7 . verbs were found to have significantly more translations than nouns [\n< . 001 ] , probably due to the large percentage of word class ambiguous items in english ( over 50 % of the sample ) .\nthese significant effects of word class confirm our initial hypothesis that verbs would be more ambiguous in translation than nouns . however , items from the different word classes were not matched on various lexical properties , and these might be confounded with word class . we therefore examined several possible predictors of number of translations using hierarchical linear regression , and entered the possibly confounding factors into the equation before examining any residual effects of word class . the following analyses examined only the lexical properties of the word in the source language . the properties of the given translation and their influence on translation choice are examined in the following section .\nin the analysis of english words , the following variables were entered into the model . word length and log frequency were entered on the first step and were found to be significant predictors of number of translations [ \u03b4 r 2 = . 029 ; f ( 2 , 629 ) = 9 . 1 , p < . 001 ] . both factors were negatively correlated with number of translations , such that shorter words were in general more ambiguous in translation , while highly frequent words tended to have fewer translations . the possible contributions of imageability , concreteness , familiarity and aoa as predictors of number of translations were examined next . since these four lexical properties tended to be highly correlated with each other ( r s ranging from 0 . 53 to 0 . 89 , all p values < . 001 ) , the procedure suggested by cohen et al . ( 2003 ) was used and identified imageability as the best predictor of number of translations . therefore , imageability ratings were entered on the second step and were found to significantly predict number of translations [ \u03b4 r 2 = . 028 ; f ( 1 , 628 ) = 18 . 3 , p < . 001 ] , such that highly imageable words tended to have fewer translations ."]}
{"id": 2309, "summary": [{"text": "pleurotomariacea is one of two names that are used for a taxonomic superfamily of sea snails that are an ancient lineage and are well represented in the fossil record .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the name pleurotomariacea is used by paleontologists , who , because they usually have only the hard parts of mollusks to study , often use a slightly different scheme of classification from that used by scientists who study living mollusks .", "topic": 6}, {"text": "the name pleurotomariacea is based on swainson , 1840 ( pleurotomariae ) and was described in 1960 in the treatise on invertebrate paleontology , ( i197 ) the taxon was established for mostly conispiral , but also discoidal and auriform ( ear-like ) shells which have a nacreous , aragonite , inner layer .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the pleurotomariacea , now often seen as pleurotomarioidea , has been included in the archaegastropoda .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "although more recent classifications put it in a more restricted sense in the vetigastropoda the evolutionary derivation of the group is thought to be from the bellerophontacea and to have happened late in the cambrian .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "earlier gastropods belonged to the helcionellacea , bellerophontacea , and questionably to the palegiellacea .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the treatise lists the following families , here in alphabetical order .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "catantostomatidae , eotomariidae , euomphalopteridae , gosselitinidae , haliotidae , kittlidiscidae , laubellidae , lophospiridae , luciellidae , phanerotrematidae , phymatopleuridae , pleurotromariidae , polytremerida , portlockiellidae , rhaphischismatidae , raphystomatidae , scissurellidae , sinuopeidae , tremnotropidae , trochotomidae , zygitidae .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "bouchet & rocroi , 2005 , with a greater emphasis on molecular characteristics than shell characters , limited the pleurotomariacea , as pleurotomarioidea , to the pleurotomariidae , catantostomatidae , kittilidacidae , phymatopleuridae , portlockiellidae , rhaphischismatidae , trochotomidae , and zygitidae .", "topic": 10}, {"text": "the other families that are included in this superfamily in the treatise have been reassigned by bouchet & rocroi to other higher taxa . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "pleurotomariacea", "paragraphs": ["add tags for\nwest american prosobranch gastropoda : superfamilies patellacea , pleurotomariacea , and fissurellacea .\n.\nwest american prosobranch gastropoda : superfamilies patellacea , pleurotomariacea , and fissurellacea . / james h mclean ; 1966 .\nwest american prosobranch gastropoda : superfamilies patellacea , pleurotomariacea , and fissurellacea . ( book , 1966 ) [ worldcat . org ]\npermian gastropoda of the southwestern united states . 7 . pleurotomariacea : eotomariidae , lophospiriidae , gosseletinidae . american museum novitates ; ; no . 2958 .\npermian gastropoda of the southwestern united states . 2 , pleurotomariacea : portlockiellidae , phymatopleuridae , and eotomariidae . bulletin of the amnh ; v . 114 , article 2\ndetails - permian gastropoda of the southwestern united states . 7 . pleurotomariacea : eotomariidae , lophospiriidae , gosseletinidae . american museum novitates ; ; no . 2958 . - biodiversity heritage library\ni thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : west american prosobranch gastropoda : superfamilies patellacea , pleurotomariacea , and fissurellacea . author : james h mclean publisher : 1966 . oclc : 25718265\nthe\npleurotomariacea\nor slit shells and their relatives have traditionally [ knight , et al . , 1960 ] been considered among the earliest and most primitive of the gastropods , first appearing in the furongian .\nty - book ti - permian gastropoda of the southwestern united states . 7 . pleurotomariacea : eotomariidae , lophospiriidae , gosseletinidae . american museum novitates ; ; no . 2958 . ur - urltoken py - 1989 au - batten , roger lyman . er -\ndr peter wagner however [ wagner 1999 ] has used cladistic methodology to try to determine the phylogeny of early palaeozoic gastropods , and his findings indicate that the early paleozoic pleurotomarioids are actually a polyphyletic assemblage . a diverse assemblage of forms that have traditionally been placed in the\npleurotomariacea\nactually belong among the euomphalida and the murchisoniida .\nnotes : knight , et al . , 1960 includes this genus under the subfamily ophiletinae of the family raphistomatidae and superfamily pleurotomariacea . but cladistic analysis by wagner 1999 indicates that the species schizopea typica is actually a member of an unresolved tetrachotomy that includes the most basal helically - coiled gastropods . it may be that related species may also belong in this clade\nnotes : knight , et al . , 1960 includes euconia under the subfamily ophiletinae of the family raphistomatidae and superfamily pleurotomariacea . but cladistic analysis by wagner 1999 places this genus as part of off - shoots an unresolved tetrachotomy that includes the most basal helically - coiled gastropods . i have informally coined the family name\neuconiidae\nto distinguish this clade from other early gastropods\n@ book { bhl171025 , title = { permian gastropoda of the southwestern united states . 7 . pleurotomariacea : eotomariidae , lophospiriidae , gosseletinidae . american museum novitates ; ; no . 2958 . } , url = urltoken note = urltoken publisher = { } , author = { batten , roger lyman . } , year = { } , pages = { 0 } , }\nnotes : this is a paraphyletic grouping . knight , et al . , 1960 includes sinuopea in the subfamily sinuopeinae ( furongian to late silurian ) of the family sinuopeidae ( furongian to middle permian ) in the superfamily pleurotomariacea , and taenospira as the earliest member of the tribe ptychomphalides ( furongian to early jurassic ) of the subfamily eotomariinae of the family eotomariidae ( also furongian to early jurassic ) . but cladistic analysis by wagner 1999 indicates that these forms are basal members of the clade that includes both the murchisoniida and the bellerophontoidea . it may be that some other members of the sinuopeinae and eotomariinae may also belong here , extending the stratigraphic range of this assemblage\nthe diagram ( click the thumbnail for larger image ) shows the suggested relationships among late dolgellian and early tremadocian ( latest cambrian and earliest ordovician ) gastropods , according to cladistic analysis [ wagner 1999 ] , which is the one adopted here . the colors in the diagram refer to taxonomic assignments based on knight , et al . , 1960 , the rather dated treatise of invertebrate paleontology . taxa previously considered pleurotomariacea ( green ) are actually more closely related to the euomphaloidea ( red ) or murchisoniida ( blue ) . even the torted bellerophontiforms ( orange ) are here shown to diphyletic ( streptodiscus . for the sake of convenience the order bellerophontoidea is here defined as a monophyletic crade that begins at node 10 .\n< mods xmlns : xlink =\nurltoken\nversion =\n3 . 0\nxmlns : xsi =\nurltoken\nxmlns =\nurltoken\nxsi : schemalocation =\nurltoken urltoken\n> < titleinfo > < title > permian gastropoda of the southwestern united states . 7 . pleurotomariacea : eotomariidae , lophospiriidae , gosseletinidae . american museum novitates ; ; no . 2958 . < / title > < / titleinfo > < name > < namepart > batten , roger lyman . < / namepart > < / name > < typeofresource > text < / typeofresource > < genre authority =\nmarcgt\n> book < / genre > < origininfo > < dateissued > 1989 < / dateissued > < / origininfo > < physicaldescription > < form authority =\nmarcform\n> print < / form > < / physicaldescription > < language > < languageterm authority =\niso639 - 2b\ntype =\ntext\n> english < / languageterm > < / language > < identifier type =\nuri\n> urltoken < / identifier > < / mods >\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nthe latest cambrian ( late dolgellian age ) and earliest ordovician ( early tremadoc saw a tremendous radiation of early gastropods . during this period the gastropods , like the cephalopods , underwent a tremendous evolutionary radiation . from one or two planispiral types , represented by a tropidodiscid ancestor , there developed several distinct taxa , including high spired , lower spired , planispiral , and hyperstrophic types . these could be grouped in three main clades : eogastropoda , orthogastropoda , and the extinct bellerophontoidea . by the earliest ordovician the three main clades of gastropods had already established themselves and were continuing to diversify into a range of different morphotypes and lifestyles .\ncharacteristics : $ larval operculum ; $ cephalic and epipodial tentacles ; $ post - torsional right gonad only ; $ radular cartilages not hollow ; $ oesophagus showing torsion ; $ hypoathroid nervous system ( adjacent pleural and pedal ganglia ) [ all from haszprunar 1988 p . 9 ] ; anisotrophic ( helically coiled ) shell ; body asymmetry . some of these characters may also pertain to\ngastropodiformes\nin general .\ngeographic distribution : laurentia [ = n . am - knight , et al . , 1960 p . i 200 ]\ncharacteristics : spire low , widely phaneromphalus , sutures deep , sinus culminating at blunt anggulation that forms the periphery [ knight , et al . , 1960 p . i200 ]\ncharacteristics : conical trochiform shell , sutures shallow , sinus culminating at angular periphery just above upper suture [ knight , et al . , 1960 p . i 200 ]\nimage \u00a9 mcgraw hill book company , from moore , et al . 1952 , p . 291\ngeographic distribution : laurentia [ = n . am - knight , et al . , 1960 p . i 198 , 203 ]\noriginal material creative commons attribution m . alan kazlev this material may be freely used all other material \u00a9 original authors or sources\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .\nfull - text is provided in portable document format ( pdf ) . to view articles you must have the free adobe acrobat reader . click here to download the latest version . the . epub version displays best on an ipad , but may work on other devices that accept . epub format . download directly to your device\u2019s book reader ( e . g . , ibooks ) or drag into your e - books collection on your computer .\nbulletin of the american museum of natural history the bulletin , published continuously since 1881 , consists of longer monographic volumes in the field of natural sciences relating to zoology , paleontology , and geology . current numbers are published at irregular intervals . the bulletin was originally a place to publish short papers , while longer works appeared in the memoirs . however , in the 1920s , the memoirs ceased and the bulletin series began publishing longer papers . a new series , the novitates , published short papers describing new forms .\ndepartment of library services american museum of natural history central park west at 79th st . , new york , ny 10024 \u00a9 american museum of natural history , 2011\nall content on this website , including dictionary , thesaurus , literature , geography , and other reference data is for informational purposes only . this information should not be considered complete , up to date , and is not intended to be used in place of a visit , consultation , or advice of a legal , medical , or any other professional .\nbiodivlibrary july is # nationalblueberrymonth ! the w . a . cox nursery co . of mississippi ' s 1920s catalog proclaimed # blueberries to\u2026 urltoken\nbiodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p\u2026 urltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nyour web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .\nyour list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .\nnote : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\nthe e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .\nplease choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .\nyou may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .\nworldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more \u203a\u203a\ndon ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .\nsorry , we just need to make sure you ' re not a robot . for best results , please make sure your browser is accepting cookies .\nin order to access this website , please configure your browser to support cookies .\n877 . 705 . 1878 ( toll - free , u . s . & canada ) 773 . 753 . 3347 ( international )\nutica , new york - demographics - organized crime in utica . . . cosa nostra family and at least three other families , including the scranton , colombo , and genovese family which had and likely still have a local presence . . . after the death of boss stefano magaddino and other families and influences jockeyed for power and influence , and multiple gangland style homicides took place between 1979 . . . multiple and somewhat ambiguous ties to the buffalo , scranton , and colombo families ) ran the rackets , until they were decimated by federal indictments and convictions . . .\nthunderbird ( mythology ) - in oral history . . . in human form marrying into human families some families may trace their lineage to such an event . . . families of thunderbirds who kept to themselves but wore human form were said to have lived along the northern tip of vancouver island . . . the story goes that other tribes soon forgot the nature of one of these thunderbird families , and when one tribe tried to take them as slaves the thunderbirds put on their feather blankets and transformed to take . . .\n331 model . . . the 331 model in particle physics offers an explanation of why there must exist three families of quarks and leptons . . . offers no explanation of why there are three families , or indeed why there is more than one family . . . the perfect cancellation of the anomaly , per family , and to make the three families transform differently under an extended gauge group , and to arrange that the anomaly cancel , only for three . . .\nlist of anuran families - families . . . archaeobatrachia - 4 families , 6 genera , 27 species family genera common names example species example photo ascaphidae 1 tailed frogs tailed frog ( ascaphus truei ) bombinatoridae 2 fire - belly . . .\nkitchener , ontario - history - settlement . . . of great interest to german mennonite farming families from pennsylvania . . . were built , and over the next decade several families made the difficult trip north to what was then known as the sand hills . . . one of these mennonite families , arriving in 1807 , was the schneiders , whose restored 1816 home ( the oldest building in the city ) is now a museum located in the heart of kitchener . . .\nhave always been in flux and often in crisis ; they have never lived up to nostalgic notions about \u0093the way things used to be . \u0094 but that doesn\u0092t mean the malaise and anxiety people feel about modern\nare delusions , that everything would be fine if we would only realize that the past was not all it\u0092s cracked up to be . . . . even if things were not always right in\nof the past , it seems clear that some things have newly gone wrong .\n. parents need to be parented . grandparents , aunts , and uncles are back in fashion because they are necessary . stresses on many\nthe vertical , latitudinal , and circumcontinental zonality of the distribution of the species , genera , and families of recent brachiopods is considered . the distortions of the latitudinal and meridional symmetry of the biogeographic structure of the ocean are analyzed in view of the patterns of the global circulation of the surface and intermediate waters . thus ancient faunas may be reconstructed based on data on the structural characteristics of the taxocene of recent brachiopods . the features of the paedomorphic evolution of brachiopods from the different families in extreme habitats ( interstitial , underwater caverns , submarine rises , abyssal depths , hydrothermal areas , and margins of habitats ) are discussed . the biogeographic structure of bottom dwellers is shown to simplify with depth as well as with simplification of the hydrological structure of the ocean . the important role of the bathyal oceanic zone ( slopes of continents , islands , submarine mountains , ridges , and rises ) in the preservation of faunal relicts is shown . the historical change from brachiopods to bivalves that occurred from the paleozoic to the mesozoic and cenozoic is shown to have resulted not from competitive exclusion , but from complex and global changes in the plankton composition , which were unfavorable for articulate brachiopods , which had already developed specialized feeding habits , feeding on food that led to the production of almost no metabolic waste products ; they had even partly lost their alimentary canal . the development of shelly plankton and , especially , of diatoms hampered the post - paleozoic revival of large assemblages of articulate brachiopods in shallow - water habitats . the unfilled ecological niches were colonized by bivalves , which were widely adapted to feeding on live phyto - and zooplankton . recent articulate brachiopods , which are adapted to feeding on the products of decay of dead plankton , form a belt of densely populated settlements of the organic biofilter outside the photic zone on the seaward edge of shelves and on the upper parts of the slopes of continents , islands , and submarine rises throughout the world .\nthese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .\ng . a . afanasjeva and l . a . nevesskaja , \u201cthe analysis of cause and effect of various consequences of crisis situations using articulate brachiopods and bivalves as an example , \u201d in\n( nedra , moscow , 1994 ) , pp . 101\u2013108 [ in russian ] .\na . i . agatova and yu . a . bogdanov , \u201cbiochemical composition of the suspended organic matter in the tropical part of the pacific ocean , \u201d okeanologiya\n, ed . by a . p . moiseev ( nauka , moscow , 1979 ) , pp . 117\u2013138 [ in russian ] .\nsea lilies cyrtocrinids : proceedings of the paleontological institute of the academy of sciences of the ussr , vol . 144\n( nauka , moscow , 1967 ) , pp . 98\u2013169 [ in russian ] .\ng . m . belyaev and p . v . ushakov , \u201csome regularities in the quantitative distribution of the benthic fauna in the antarctic waters , \u201d dokl . akad . nauk sssr\ng . m . belyaev , n . g . vinogradova , r . ya . levenshtein , et al . , \u201cregularities in the distribution of deep - water benthic fauna in the light of the development of the ideas on the biological structure of the ocean , \u201d okeanologiya\n( nauka , moscow , 1964 ) , pp . 245\u2013249 [ in russian ] .\n, ed . by a . v . gebruk ( kmk scientific press , moscow , 2002 ) [ in russian ] .\nya . a . birshtein , \u201cthe concept of \u2018relict\u2019 in biology , \u201d zool . zh .\nj . p . bourseau , n . ameziane - cominardi , and m . roux , \u201cun crinoide p\u00e9doncule nouveau ( \u00e9chinodermes ) , repr\u00e9sentant actuel de la famille jurassique des hemicrinidae :\nnov . sp . des fonds bathyaux de nouvelle - caledonie ( s . w . pacifique ) , \u201d c . r . acad . sci . paris , s\u00e9r . 3 ,\nr . n . bulatov , \u201ccirculation of water masses in the atlantic ocean at various spatiotemporal scales , \u201d okeanol . issled . , no . 22 , 7\u201393 ( 1971 ) .\n( nauka , moscow , 1968 ) , pp . 206\u2013281 [ in russian ] .\np . e . cloud , \u201cassemblages of diminutive brachiopods and their paleoecological significance , \u201d j . sediment . petrol .\np . j . doherty , \u201cthe contribution of dissolved amino acids to the nutrition of articulate brachiopods , \u201d new zealand j . zool .\nsp . nov . , padiculariina relique du bathyal de nouvelle - caledonie et de la r\u00e9union , \u201d m\u00e9m . mus . natl . hist . nat . s\u00e9r . a .\n( academische verlags - gesellschaft , leipzig , 1935 ) , pp . 12 , 512 .\nz . a . filatova , \u201cquantitative assessment of benthic fauna in the southwestern part of the barents sea , \u201d tr . polyarn . nauchno - issled . inst . rybn . khoz . okeanograf . , issue 2 , 3\u201358 ( 1938 ) .\nz . a . filatova , m . n . sokolova , and r . ya . levenshtein , \u201con the record of a mollusk from the cambrian - devonian class monoplacophora in the central part of the northern half of the pacific ocean , \u201d dokl . akad . nauk sssr\nm . r . gregory and d . e . lee , \u201ca new cancellothyroid brachiopod from the abyssal sea - floor , southeast indian ridge , and possible environmental implication , abstract , \u201d geol . soc . new zealand misc . publs .\nt . a . grunt and o . n . zezina , \u201con latitudinal biological zoning in the late paleozoic seas , \u201d okeanologiya\n( nauka , leningrad , 1972 ) , pp . 8\u201321 [ in russian ] .\na . v . gusev and a . f . pasternak , \u201csome remarks on the benthic fauna of the antarctic waters , \u201d dokl . akad . nauk sssr\nc . s . hammen , \u201cmetabolism of brachiopods and bivalve mollusks , \u201d acta salmant . ser . cienc . , no . 36 , 471\u2013478 ( 1971 ) .\nc . s . hammen , \u201cbrachiopod metabolism and enzymes , \u201d am . zool .\nk . hatai , \u201cthe cenozoic brachiopoda of japan , \u201d sci . repts . tohoku univ . ser . 2 . geol .\nd . s . haven and r . morales - almo , \u201caspects of biodeposition by oysters and other invertebrate filter feeders , \u201d limnology and oceanography\nj . g . helmke , \u201cvaldiviathyrididae , eine neue brachiopodenfamilie , \u201d zool . anzeiger\nr . r . hessler and w . m . smithey , \u201cthe distribution and community structure of megafauna at galapagos rift hydrothermal vents , \u201d in\n, ed . by p . a . rona ( plenum press , new york , 1983 ) , pp . 735\u2013770 .\nn . n . iordansky , \u201cpaedomorphosis , neoteny , and evolution , \u201d zool . zh .\n( prentice hall , englewood cliffs , new jersey , 1982 ; mir , moscow , 1987 ) .\n( akad . nauk sssr . , moscow , 1963 ) [ in russian ] .\nw . la barbera , \u201cwater flow patterns in and around three species of articulate brachiopods , \u201d j . exper . mar . biol . and ecol .\nr\u00e9sultats des campagnes musorstom : m\u00e9moires du mus\u00e9um nationale d\u2019histoire naturelle , 1997 , vol . 176\nd . e . lee and m . gregory , \u201ca new deep - sea cancellothyrid brachiopod from volcanic substrates of midocean ridge system , \u201d in\nc . t . s . little , r . j . herrington , v . v . maslennikov , et al . , \u201csilurian hydrothermal - vent community from the southern urals , \u201d nature\nc . t . s . little , r . j . herrington , v . v . maslennikov , et al . , \u201cthe fossil record of hydrothermal vent communities , \u201d in\n, ed . by r . a . mills and k . harrison ( geol . soc . spec . publ . , london , 1998 ) , vol . 148 , pp . 259\u2013270 .\nc . t . s . little , r . j . herrington , r . m . hymon , et al . , \u201cearly jurassic hydrothermal vent community from franciscan complex , san rafael mountains , california , \u201d geology\nc . t . s . little , v . v . maslennikov , n . j . morris , et al . , \u201ctwo palaeozoic hydrothermal vent communities from the southern ural mountains , russia , \u201d paleontology\n, ed . by n . eldridge and s . m . stanley ( springer - verlag , new york , berlin , 1984 ) .\na . logan and h . zibrovius , \u201ca new genus and species of rhynchonellid ( brachiopoda , recent ) from submarine caves in the mediterranean sea , \u201d publ . staz . zool . napoli . mar . ecol .\ns . loven , \u201com crustaceer i venern och vettern , \u201d ofv . kngl . vet . - akad . fohrhandel .\nc . luter , g . worheide , and j . reitner , \u201ca new thecideid genus and species ( brachiopoda , recent ) from submarine caves of osprey reef ( queensland plateau ) , coral sea , australia , \u201d j . nat . hist .\nbrachiopods past and present : the systematic association special volumes series , vol . 63\n, ed . by c . h . c . brunton , l . r . m . cocks , and s . l . long ( taylor and frencis , london , 2001 ) , pp . 229\u2013239 .\n( kmk scientific press ltd . , moscow , 1998 ) [ in russian ] .\nh . m . mccammon , \u201cthe food of articulate brachiopods , \u201d j . paleontol .\na . n . mironov , \u201ccircumcontinental zoning in the distribution of sea urchins in the atlantic ocean , \u201d tr . inst . okeanol . akad . nauk sssr\na . n . mironov and o . a . sorokina , \u201csea lilies of the order hyocrinida ( echinodermata , crinoidea ) , \u201d in\na . n . mironov , a . v . gebruk , and a . j . southward ,\nl . i . moskalev , ya . i . starobogatov , and z . a . filatova , \u201cnew data on monoplacophorans from the abyssal zone of the pacific and the southern part of the atlantic ocean , \u201d zool . zh .\nn . motchurova - dekova , m . saito , and k . endo , \u201cthe recent rhynchonellide brachiopod\ngen . et sp . nov . from the submarine caves of okinawa , japan , \u201d paleontol . res .\nv . g . neiman , v . a . burkov , and a . d . shcherbinin ,\nl . a . nevesskaja , \u201cgeological history of the class bivalvia , \u201d paleontol . zh . , no . 3 , 43\u201355 ( 1972 ) .\n, ed . by i . s . barskov , t . b . leonova , and a . g . ponomarenko ( paleontol . inst . ross . akad . nauk , moscow , 2004 ) , pp . 25\u201341 [ in russian ] .\n( brokgauz i efron , st . petersburg , 1902 ) [ in russian ] .\nn . p . pakhorukov , \u201cfishes of the seamounts of the tropical zone of the world\u2019s oceans , \u201d extended abstract of candidate\u2019s dissertation in biology ( moscow , 2003 ) .\nabstracts of papers of the 2nd all - union congress of oceanologists ( yalta , 1982 ) . issue 5 . marine biology\nn . v . parin , \u201coceanic ichthyologeography : an attempt to review the distribution and origin of pelagic and bottom fishes outside continental shelves and neritic zones , \u201d arch . fisch . wiss . berl .\nm . a . radzikhovskaya and v . v . leont\u2019eva , \u201cthe structure of waters and water masses , \u201d in\n( nauka , moscow , 1968 ) , pp . 20\u201368 [ in russian ] .\nm . roux , \u201cd\u00e9couverte d\u2019un repr\u00e9sentant actuel ; des crinoides peduncules pal\u00e9ozoiques dans l\u2019\u00e9tage bathyal de 1\u2019ile de la r\u00e9union , \u201d c . r . acad . sci . paris , s\u00e9r . 3 ,\nm . roux , \u201cnew hyocrinid crinoids ( echinodermata ) from submersible investigations in the pacific ocean , \u201d pacific sci . univ . of hawaii\nm . roux , ph . bouchet , j . p . bourseau , et al . , \u201cl\u2019\u00e9tagement du benthos bathyal observ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019aide de la soucoupe \u2018cyana\u2019 , \u201d doc . et trav . igal , paris , no . 15 , 151\u2013165 ( 1991 ) .\n, ed . by c . h . c . brunton , l . r . m . cocks , and s . l . long ( taylor and frencis , london , 2001 ) , pp . 261\u2013267 .\nm . saito , n . motchurova - dekova , and k . endo , \u201crecent brachiopod fauna from the submarine caves of okinawa , japan , \u201d in\nm . r . sandy , \u201ca review of some paleozoic and mesozoic brachiopods as members of cold seep chemosynthetic communities : \u2018unusual\u2019 palaeoecology and anomalous palaeobiogeographic patterns explained , \u201d f\u00f6ldtani k\u00f6zl .\n, ed . by c . h . c . brunton , l . r . m . cocks , and s . l . long ( taylor and frencis , london , 2001 ) , pp . 394\u2013410 .\nm . r . sandy and k . a . campbell , \u201ca new rhynchonellid genus from tithonian ( upper jurassic ) cold seep deposits of california and its palaeoenvironmental setting , \u201d j . paleontology\nl . v . sanina , \u201cthe rate of the filtration and the diet of caspian mollusks at different concentrations of suspended material , \u201d extended abstract of candidate\u2019s dissertation in geology and mineralogy ( moscow , 1983 ) .\nthe development and change of marine organisms at the paleozoic - mesozoic boundary : proceedings of the paleontological institute , academy of sciences of the ussr , vol . 108\n( nauka , moscow , 1965 ) , pp . 62\u201381 [ in russian ] .\nc . r . scotese and w . s . mckerrow , \u201crevised world maps and introduction , \u201d palaeogeogr . biogeogr . geol . soc . memoir , no . 12 , 1\u201321 ( 1990 ) .\n( nauka , moscow , 1967 ) , pp . 27\u201385 [ in russian ] .\n, ed . by h . lange - bertalet ( gantner verlag , frankfurt am main , 2003 ) , pp . 36\u201364 .\n, 2nd ed . ( harper & row , new york , 1963 ; nedra , leningrad , 1969 ) .\n( jeffreys , 1859 ) and other brachiopods from submarine caves in croacia , \u201d bulletin de l\u2019institut royal des sciences naturelles de belgique , biologie , no . 69 , 15\u201321 ( 1999 ) .\nj . l . b . smith , \u201ca living coelacanthid fish from south africa , \u201d trans . r . soc . south africa\nm . n . sokolova , \u201con the regularities in the distribution of deep - sea benthos : the effect of the macrorelief and the distribution of suspended material on the feeding groups of benthic invertebrates , \u201d dokl . akad . nauk sssr\nyu . i . sorokin , \u201cthe abundance and production of bacteria in the water and bottom sediments in the central part of the pacific ocean , \u201d dokl . akad . nauk sssr\n( nauka , moscow , 1971 ) , pp . 92\u2013122 [ in russian ] .\nf . g . stehli , a . l . mcalester , and c . e . heisley , \u201ctaxonomic diversity of recent bivalves and some implications for geology , \u201d bull . geol . soc . am .\nd . l . stepanov , \u201cpermian brachiopods of the spitsbergen archipelago , \u201d tr . arkticheskogo inst .\nd . l . stepanov , \u201cdimorphism and neoteny in paleozoic brachiopods , \u201d ezhegodn . vses . paleontol . o - va\nh . tappan , \u201cprimary production , isotopes , extinctions and the atmosphere , \u201d palaeogeogr . , palaeoclimatol . , palaeoecol .\nproc . north american paleontol . convention ( sept . 1969 ) , part h\nj . a . thomson , \u201cbrachiopoda , \u201d australian antarctic expedition 1911\u20131914 scientific report , ser . c , zool . and bot .\nvan c . l . dover , j . e . grassle , and m . boudrais , \u201chydrothermal vent fauna of escanaba trough ( gorda ridge ) , \u201d in\n, ed . by g . r . mcmurray ( springer - verlag , new york , 1990 ) , pp . 253\u2013264 .\nn . g . vinogradova , \u201czoogeographic zoning of the abyssal zone of the world\u2019s oceans , \u201d dokl . akad . nauk sssr\nk . a . voskresenskii , \u201cthe belt of filter feeders as a biohydrological system of the sea , \u201d tr . okeanogr . inst .\na . williams and j . m . hurst , \u201cbrachiopod evolution , \u201d in\n, ed . by a . hallam ( amsterdam , 1977 ) , pp . 79\u2013121 .\n, ed . by a . p . kuznetsov ( inst . okeanol . akad . nauk sssr , moscow , 1976b ) , pp . 101\u2013105 [ in russian ] .\n( nauka , leningrad , 1978 ) , pp . 45\u201347 [ in russian ] .\no . n . zezina , \u201con the formation of the modern fauna of brachiopods on the shelves and slopes of the world ocean , \u201d byull . mosk . o - va ispyt . prirody . otd . biol .\n( nauka , moscow , 1979b ) , pp . 21\u201322 [ in russian ] .\n, ed . by o . g . kusakin ( nauka , moscow , 1979c ) , pp . 222\u2013233 [ in russian ] .\n, ed . by a . p . kuznetsov and a . n . mironov ( inst . okeanol . akad . nauk sssr , moscow , 1981b ) , pp . 141\u2013149 [ in russian ] .\no . n . zezina , \u201con hypomorphic characters in deep - sea benthic animals , \u201d tr . inst . okeanol . akad . nauk sssr\no . n . zezina , \u201ccomposition and distribution of articulate brachiopods on the submarine plateaus in the eastern part of the pacific ocean , \u201d tr . inst . okeanol . im . p . p . shirshova akad . nauk sssr\no . n . zezina , \u201ca new species of cancellothyroid brachiopods from the \u2018atlantis\u2019 fracture zone of the mid - atlantic ridge , \u201d zool . zh .\n( paleontol . inst . ross . akad . nauk , moscow , 1997 ) [ in russian ] .\nabstracts of papers of the international workshop in memory of academician e . m . kreps ( murmansk , may 11\u201313 , 1999 )\n( murmansk . morsk . biol . inst . ross . akad . nauk , apatity , 1999 ) , pp . 68\u201370 [ in russian ] .\n, ed . by a . p . kuznetsov and o . n . zezina ( vseross . nauchno - issled . inst . rybov . okeanogr . , moscow , 2001a ) , pp . 58\u201362 [ in russian ] .\no . n . zezina , \u201cnew data on the occurrence of brachiopods in the regions of submarine volcanic activity , \u201d byull . mosk . o - va ispyt . prirody . otd . geol .\n, ed . by c . h . c . brunton , l . r . m . cocks , and s . l . long ( taylor and francis , london , 2001c ) , pp . 102\u2013107 .\n, ed . by a . v . gebruk ( kmk scientific press , moscow , 2002 ) , pp . 226\u2013227 [ in russian ] .\no . n . zezina , \u201con the ecological , morphological , and evolutionary features of brachiopods living in marginal and extreme environments , \u201d paleontol . zh . , no . 3 , 42\u201348 ( 2003 ) [ paleontol . j .\no . n . zezina , \u201con the systematic position of some species of the modern brachiopods from the submarine norfolk ridge ( western pacific ) , \u201d invertebrate zool . mgu\n, ed . by a . n . mironov , a . v . gebruk , and a . j . southward ( kmk scientific press ltd . , moscow , 2006 ) , pp . 67\u201375 .\no . n . zezina and o . n . morozova , \u201con homeomorphy and shell structure in deep - sea brachiopods , \u201d tr . inst . okeanol . akad . nauk sssr\no . n . zezina and a . v . pakhnevich , \u201cthe find of modern articulate brachiopods in the submarine volcanic activity area near the antarctic peninsula , \u201d dokl . akad . nauk\no . n . zezina and n . l . semenova , \u201csome data on the ecology and distribution of brachiopods\n( inst . okeanol . akad . nauk sssr , moscow , 1979 ) , pp . 88\u201392 [ in russian ] .\na . m . ziegler , m . l . hulver , and d . b . rowley ,\nfull text of\nrhodopetalinae , a new subfamily of acmaeidae from the boreal pacific : anatomy and systematics .\nfull text of\nrhodopetalinae , a new subfamily of acmaeidae from the boreal pacific : anatomy and systematics ."]}
{"id": 2332, "summary": [{"text": "anticrates metreta is a moth of the lacturidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is known from queensland , australia .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "adults have brown forewings , each with a white band outlined in orange across the middle and white patches at the base , tornus and apex .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the hindwings are plain brown . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "anticrates metreta", "paragraphs": ["choose one > anticrates metreta > anticrates paraxantha > anticrates phaedima > anticrates sp . a > anticrates sp . anic1 > anticrates sp . anic2 > anticrates sp . bold : aak2739 > anticrates sp . mm - 2015 > anticrates sp . nw - 2010 > anticrates zapyra all lower taxonomy nodes ( 10 )\nanticrates metreta ( turner , 1903 ) ( lacturidae ) , male - qld , 3 miles w of mossman , 13 . mar . 1964 , i . f . b . common m . s . upton leg . ( anic ) .\nanticrates metreta ( turner , 1903 ) ( lacturidae ) , female - qld , lockerbie , cape york peninsula , 4 . apr . 1964 , i . f . b . common m . s . upton leg . ( anic ) .\n, melbourne university press , 1990 , fig . 28 . 18 , p . 298 .\nissue 76 ( march 2015 ) , pp . 10 - 11 , fig . 7 ,\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nstatus : a common species . resembles rutilella very much but the partly subhyaline wings and the broader yellow marginal band is distinguishing .\npapua localities : misool island : fakal ; batanta island : south coast ; roon island : yende ; japen island ; new guinea : gn . bembab , gn . meja reserve , rasiei , utakwa river . details in gazetteer .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 2333, "summary": [{"text": "nomenia duodecimlineata is a moth in the family geometridae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in western north america , from british columbia to california , nevada , arizona and new mexico .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 22 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the forewings are dark grey .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing in spring . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "nomenia duodecimlineata", "paragraphs": ["genus : nomenia pearsall , 1905 . can . ent . 37 : 126 . [ bhl ]\ntype - species : larentia duodecimlineata packard , 1873 . proc . boston soc . nat . hist . 16 : 19 , pl . 1 , fig . 1 . [ ( as 12 - lineata ) ] [ bhl ]\nfigures 53\u201357 , male and female genitalia of chesiadini and asthenini . 53 , female genitalia of lithostege usgentaria christoph ( turkmenistan ) ; 54 , male genitalia and the last sternite and tergite of poecilasthena sp . ( tasmania ) ; 55 , female genitalia of poecilasthena sp . ( tasmania ) ; 56 , male genitalia of nomenia duodecimlineata ( u . s . a . ) ; 57 , male genitalia of\ngen , sp . 7591\n( paraguay ) .\nfigures 53 \u2013 57 , male and female genitalia of chesiadini and asthenini . 53 , female genitalia of lithostege usgentaria christoph ( turkmenistan ) ; 54 , male genitalia and the last sternite and tergite of poecilasthena sp . ( tasmania ) ; 55 , female genitalia of poecilasthena sp . ( tasmania ) ; 56 , male genitalia of nomenia duodecimlineata ( u . s . a . ) ; 57 , male genitalia of \u201c gen , sp . 7591 \u201d ( paraguay ) .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ntype specimens : type ( s ) [ u . s . a . ] : california , ( ? depository ) . .\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nviidalepp , jaan , 2011 , a morphological review of tribes in larentiinae ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) , zootaxa 3136 , pp . 1 - 44 : 16 - 17\nthe tribe was established ( as astheninae ) by warren ( 1893 ) , characterized according to genitalia by pierce ( 1914 ) and recently revised by xue and scoble ( 2002 ) . pierce described its characters as follows : valva in male with sacculus projecting long ; female bursa copulatrix with a long , evenly spined signum ; uncus weak and attached to dorsal side of anus tube , whereas ventral side of the tube bears a sclerotized subscaphium .\n, noted that labides are not entirely similar in these tribes by the absence in asthenines of the branch from basal costal projection of valva towards juxta . the absence of saccular projection of valva is stressed by pierce as another characteristic of\naccording to : the presence of labides , \u201cspringing from the points of union of the transtilla with the costa , there may arise two long arms , each bearing a soft hairy pad , and united together by a thin membrane\u201d . forbes ( 1948 ) found the chaetosemata of\nas follows : the spinneret is much longer than the labial palpi ; the thoracic claws are almost straight , and the angle of the notch acute .\nxue and scoble ( 2002 ) diagnosed the asthenine as follows : uncus distal projection either absent or vestigial ; uncus fused to the anal tube ; the authors reject the idea of homology of asthenine and eupitheciine labides , and suppose that the build of signum in female ( consisting of thin spines radiating from the central area ) is the best characteristic for the tribe .\n) ; colliculum flattened and re - folded in female at least in boreal genera ; bursa copulatrix finely spiculose .\nshare the presence of long projections from the base of costa , which are not not connected to the juxta ( fig . 56\nfigures 5 \u2013 10 . heads in stamnodini , eudulini asthenini and trichopterygini . 5 , stamnodini ( callipia sp . ) ( bolivia ) ; 6 , stamnodini ( stamnodes danilovi erschov ) ( touva ) ; 7 , asthenini ( discoloxia blomeri ( curtis ) ) ; 8 , rheumapterini ( spargania luctuata denis & schifferm\u00fcller . ) ; 9 , chesiadini ( aplocera columbata ( mentzer ) ) ( crimea ) ; 10 , trichopterygini ( rhopalodes lecorrei viidalepp ) , antenna ( fr . guiana ) .\nfigures 48 \u2013 52 , male and female genitalia of eupitheciini and perizonini . 48 , male genitalia , coremata hair pencils and sternite a 8 of eupithecia cauchiata ( duponchel ) ; 49 , male genitalian armature of eupithecia absinthiata ( clerck ) ; 50 , male genitalian armature of perizoma sp . ; 51 , female genitalia of eupithecia abbreviata stephens ; 52 , male genitalia of psaliodes sp . ( bolivia ) .\nno known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .\nviidalepp , jaan ( 2011 ) : a morphological review of tribes in larentiinae ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) . zootaxa 3136 : 1 - 44 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 279481\nfigures 153\u2013154 , male genitalia of epirrhoe ( h\u00fcbner ) . 153 , male genitalia of epirhoe rivata ( h\u00fcbner ) ; 154 , male posterior abdominal segments and coremata of e rivata . ( h\u00fcbner )\nfigures 149\u2013152 , male and female genitalia , ansa and posterior abdominal segments of hagnagora druce . 149 , male genitalia and aedeagus of hagnagora clustimena ( druce ) ( bolivia ) ; 150 , posterior abdominal segments of h . clustimena ( druce ) ( bolivia ) ; 151 , female genitalia of h . ephestris ( felder & rogenhofer ) ( bolivia ) ; 152 , ansa of h . ephestris ( felder & rogenhofer ) ( bolivia ) .\nfigures 139\u2013148 , male genitalia and coremata and female genitalia of camptogramma stephens and catarhoe herbulot ( xanthorhoini ) . 139 , male genitalia of camptogramma bilineata ( linnaeus ) ; 140 , coremata of male c bilineata ( linnaeus ) ; 141 , male genitalia of c . bistrigata ( treitschke ) ( sardinia ) ; 142 , male genitalia and aedeagus of catarhoe arachne wiltshire ( tadjikistan ) ; 143 , coremata of c . . arachne wiltshire ( tadjikistan ) ; 144 , female genitalia of c turkmenica ( stshetkin ) ( turkmenistan ) ; 145 , aedeagus and male genitalia of c basochesiata ( duponchel ) ( cyprus ) ; 146 , male coremata . . .\nfigures 136\u2013138 , male genitalia and coremata of chrysolarentia butler and epyaxa meyrick ( xanthorhoini ) . 136 , male genitalia and abdominal segments a7 and a8 with coremata of chrysolarentia mecynata ( guen\u00e9e ) ( tasmania ) ; 137 , male genitalia and abdominal segments a7 and a8 with coremata of chrysolarentia sp . ( australia ) ; 138 , male genitalia and abdominal segments a7 and a8 with coremata of epyaxa subidaria ( guen\u00e9e ) ( tasmania ) .\nfigures 130\u2013135 , male genitalia and coremata of xanthorhoini . 130 , size of coremata and genitalia in xanthorhoe rupicola ( wollaston ) ( madeira ) ; 131 , posterior abdominal segments of x rupicola ( wollaston ) ( madeira ) ; 132 , male genitalia and aedeagus of x rupicola ( wollaston ) ( madeira ) ; 133 , male genitalia , aedeagus and coremata of x inaequata warren ( madeira ) ; 134 , male genitalia of x ferrugata ( clerck ) ; 135 , female genitalia of x bigeminata ( christoph ) ( turkmenistan ) .\nfigures 125\u2013129 , male genitalia and coremata of hammaptera herrich\u2013sch\u00e4ffer . 125 , male genitalia and aedeagus of hammaptera sp . ( venezuela ) ; 126 , abdominal segments a7 and a8 with coremata of hammaptera sp . ( venezuela ) ; 127 , male sternite and tergite a8 of hammaptera sp . ( venezuela ) ; 128 , male genitalia of hammaptera sp . 2 ( ecuador ) ; 129 , male posterior abdominal segments and coremata of hammaptera sp . 2 ( ecuador ) .\nfigures 117\u2013124 , male and female genitalia and coremata of euphyiini . 117 , male genitalia and aedeagus of euphyia biangulata ( haworth ) ; 118 , abdominal segments a7 , a8 and coremata of male e . biangulata ( haworth ) ; 119 , male genitalia of euphyia sp . ( nicaragua ) ; 120 , abdominal segments a7 , a8 and coremata of euphyia sp . ( nicaragua ) ; 121 , female genitalia of euphyia sp . ( nicaragua ) ; 122 , female genitalia of euphyia sp . 2 ( nicaragua ) ; 123 , female genitalia of euphyia sp . 2 ( nicaragua ) ; 124 , male genitalia . . .\nfigures 113\u2013116 , male genitalia and coremata of scotopterygini . 113 , aedeagus and male genitalia of scotopteryx chenopodiata ( linnaeus ) ; 114 , abdominal segment a8 and coremata of s . chenopodiata ( linnaeus ) ; 115 , male genitalia of s . kuznetsovi wardikjan ( armenia ) ; 116 , male genitalia of s . bipunctaria ( denis & schifferm\u00fcller ) ( ? ) ( south ural ) .\nfigures 109\u2013112 , male genitalia of the genera piercia prout and kauria viidalepp . 109 , male genital armature of piercia prasinaria ( warren ) ( south africa ) ; 110 , female genitalia of p . prasinaria ( warren ) ( south africa ) ; 111 , male genitalia of kauria marginata viidalepp ( tadjikistan ) ; 112 , posterior abdominal segments of male k . marginata viidalepp ( tadjikistan ) .\nfigures 103\u2013108 , male coremata , male and female genitalia of cataclysmini . 103 , male genitalia and aedeagus of cataclysme riguata ( h\u00fcbner ) ( marocco ) ; 104 , male genitalia and posterior segments of abdomen of phibalapteryx virgata ( hufnagel ) ; 105 , coremata of male c . riguata ( h\u00fcbner ) ( marocco ) ; 106 , the last abdominal segments and coremata of p . virgata ( hufnagel ) ; 107 , male genitalia and aedeagus of paraplaneta sternecki ( prout ) ( china ) ; 108 , female genitalia of p . sternecki ( prout ) ( china ) .\nfigures 98\u2013102 , male and female genitalia of larentiini . 98 , male genitalia of photoscotosia palaearctica ( staudinger ) ( kyrgyzstan ) ; 99 , male genitalia of mesoleuca albicillata ( linnaeus ) ; 100 , female genitalia of m . albicillata ( linnaeus ) ; 101 , male genitalia of larentia datinaria ( oberth\u00fcr ) ( malta ) ; 102 , female genitalia of larentia clavaria ( haworth ) .\nfigures 95\u201397 , male and female genitalia of hydriomenini . 95 , male genitalia of hydriomena furcata ( thunberg ) ; 96 , male genitalia of hydriomena furinae schaus ( costa rica ) ; 97 , female genitalia of h . furinae schaus ( costa rica ) .\nfigures 89\u201393 , male and female genitalia and abdominal sclerites of stamnodini . 89 , male genitalia of stamnodes anthocharidaria oberth\u00fcr ( ecuador ) ; 90 , male genitalia of callipia sp . ( bolivia ) ; 91 , aedeagus with manica and fultura inferior of callipia sp . ( bolivia ) ; 92 , posterior abdominal segments of s . anthocharidaria oberth\u00fcr ( ecuador ) ; 93 , posterior abdominal segments of female callipia brenemannae sperry ( bolivia ) ; 94 , male genitalia of callipia brenemannae sperry ( bolivia ) .\nfigures 84\u201388 , wings , male and female genitalia of erateinini . 84 , male erateina punsaria dognin ( ecuador ) ; 85 , male hind wing of e . punsaria dognin from underside ; 86 , female erateina sp . ( brazil ) ; 87 , female genitalia of erateina sp . ( brazil ) ; 88 , male genitalia of e . punsaria dognin ( bolivia ) .\nfigures 78\u201383 , male genitalia of cidariini and solitaneini . 78 , male genitalia and aedeagus of pennithera taigana ( djakonov ) ( primorye ) ; 79 , male genitalia and aedeagus of gandaritis pyraliata ( denis & schifferm\u00fcller ) ; 80 , male genitalia and aedeagus of cidaria fulvata ( forster ) ; 81 , male genitalia and aedeagus of solitanea mariae ( stauder ) ( italy ) ; 82 , male genitalia and aedeagus of brabirodes cerevia druce ( nicaragua ) ; 83 , male genitalia and aedeagus of colostygia kitschelti ( rebel ) ( switzerland ) .\nfigures 75\u201377 , male genitalia of operophterini . 75 , male genitalia , aedeagus and sternite a8 (\noctavals\n) of epirrita dilutata ( denis & schifferm\u00fcller ) ; 76 , male sternite a8 of e . christyi allen ; 77 , male genitalia of operophtera relegata prout ( primorye ) .\nfigure 74 , male and female genitalia of philereme transversata ( hufnagel ) ( phileremini ) .\nfigures 69\u201373 , vestiture of legs and abdomen in rheumapterini and trichopterygini . 69 , male hind tibia of coryphista meadi packard ( u . s . a . ) ; 70 , male hind tibia of rheumaptera hyrcana staudinger ( georgia ) ; 71 , membranized abdominal segment a8 in r . hyrcana staudinger ( georgia ) ; 72 , body ventral side vestiture of tatosoma tipulata ( walker ) ( new zealand ) ; 73 , male hind leg with hair pencil of oulobophora internata ( p\u00fcngeler ) ( turkey ) .\nfigures 62\u201368 , male and female genitalia of rheumapterini and triphosini . 62 , male genitalia of rheumaptera hastata ( linnaeus ) ; 63 , male genitalia of hydria undulata ( linnaeus ) . ; 64 , male genitalia of\nscotosia\nsp . ( nicaragua ) ; 65 , male genitalia of triphosa sabaudiata ( duponchel ) ( crimea ) ; 66 , female genitalia of rheumaptera hyrcana ( staudinger ) ( turkmenistan ) ; 67 , female genitalia of rheumaptera flavipes ( menetri\u00eas ) ( kunashir i . ) ; 68 , female genitalia of triphosa taochata lederer ( iran ) .\nfigures 58\u201361 , male and female genitalia of melanthiini . 58 , male genitalia and posterior abdominal segments of collix muscosata fletcher ( tanzania ) ; 59 , male genitalia and aedeagus of melanthia mandshuricata ( bremer ) ( yakutia ) ; 60 , female genitalia of collix foraminata guenee ( tanzania ) ; 61 , male genitalia of eccymatoge morphna turner ( tasmania ) .\nfigures 48\u201352 , male and female genitalia of eupitheciini and perizonini . 48 , male genitalia , coremata hair pencils and sternite a8 of eupithecia cauchiata ( duponchel ) ; 49 , male genitalian armature of eupithecia absinthiata ( clerck ) ; 50 , male genitalian armature of perizoma sp . ; 51 , female genitalia of eupithecia abbreviata stephens ; 52 , male genitalia of psaliodes sp . ( bolivia ) .\nfigures 46\u201347 , male genitalia and last abdominal sternites of eudulini . 46 , eubaphe mendica ( walker ) ( u . s . a . ) ; 47 , eudulophasia invaria ( walker ) ( fr . guiana ) ."]}
{"id": 2334, "summary": [{"text": "dichorragia nesmachus , the constable , is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in asia .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the genus was earlier considered to belong to the subfamily cyrestinae and sometimes the apaturinae , but is now considered as an sister of the genus stibochiona in the subfamily pseudergolinae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "several geographical forms with variations in colour are noted within the wide distribution range extending from india in the west to japan in the east .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "in vietnam , it is thought to show hill topping behaviour and is typically found in dense forest habitats .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "they may also be found mud puddling with other species .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "a closely related species dichorragia ninus is found in new guinea and surrounding islands although some authors include it as a subspecies of d. nesimachus . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "dichorragia nesimachus", "paragraphs": ["these are nice photos of dichorragia nesimachus ( constable , wachtmeister ) . dichorragia nesimachus is a member of the\n[ thailand ] dichorragia nesimachus nesimachus ; davidson & macbeth , 1938 : 76 . ( koon tarn ) dichorragia nesimachus nesimachus ; pinratana , 1979 : 88 , fig . n152a , \u0081\u0089 , \u0081\u0089 ( un ) . ( chiang mai ) dichorragia nesimachus nesimachus ; pinratana , 1996 : 94 , pl . 70 , fig . 179a , \u0081\u0089 . ( chiang mai / kanchanaburi ) dichorragia nesimachus nesimachus ; ek - amnuay , [ 2007 ] : 474 , pl . 211 , fig . n192a , \u0081\u0089 , \u0081\u008a , \u0081\u008a ( un ) . ( chiang mai : chiang dao ) [ laos ] dichorragia nesimachus f . nesimachus ; dubois & vitalis de salvaza , 1924 : 44 . ( nam - tie ) dichorragia nesimachus nesimachus ; motono & negishi , 1989 : 61 , not fig . ( muong kassy ) dichorragia nesimachus nesimachus ; osada , u\u00e9mura & uehara , 1999 : 208 , pl . 76 , figs . \u0081\u0089 , \u0081\u008a . ( oudomxay / phong saly ) [ vietnam ] dichorragia nesimachus f . nesimachus ; dubois & vitalis de salvaza , 1924 : 44 . ( tonkin ) dichorragia nesimachus ; lemee , 1950 : 15 . ( langson ) dichorragia nesimachus nesimachus ; metaye , 1957 : 97 . ( north ) dichorragia nesimachus ; monastyrskii et al . , 2006 : 41 . ( thua thien hue : bach ma ) dichorragia nesimachus nesimachus ; miyazaki , saito & saito , 2006b : 32 , figs . n - 103\u0081\u0089 , \u0081\u008a . ( lam dong : dambri )\ndichorragia nesimachus ( asian constable butterfly ) | treasures of mt . takao | takao 599 museum\nno one has contributed data records for dichorragia nesimachus pelurius yet . learn how to contribute .\ndichorragia nesimachus ( doy\u00e8re , [ 1840 ] ) = adolias nesimachus doy\u00e8re , [ 1840 ] = argynnis hippomenes herrich - sch\u00e4ffer , 1850 .\ndichorragia nesimachus derdas fruhstorfer , 1903 : deut . ent . zeit . [ iris ] 16 ( 1 ) : 24 . tl . borneo . dichorragia nesimachus deiokes fruhstorfer , 1913 : in seitz , grossschmett erde . 9 : 697 . tl . perak . * palawanus\n[ thailand ] dichorragia nesimachus deiokes ; pinratana , 1979 : 88 , fig . n152b , \u0081\u008a , \u0081\u008a ( un ) . ( yala ) dichorragia nesimachus deiokes ; pinratana , 1996 : 94 , pl . 70 , fig . 179b , \u0081\u0089 [ \u0081\u008a ] . ( ranong / surat thani / yala ) dichorragia nesimachus machates ; ek - amnuay , [ 2007 ] : 474 , pl . 211 , fig . n192b , \u0081\u0089 , \u0081\u0089 ( un ) . ( yala )\nbaidya , s . 2018 . dichorragia nesimachus doy\u00e8re , 1840 \u2013 constable . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) . butterflies of india , v . 2 . 38 . indian foundation for butterflies .\nthe constable ( dichorragia nesimachus ) is a butterfly of the australasia / indomalaya ecozone ( australia ) and the palaearctic ecozone ( asia ) . the distribution extend from the east of india to japan and from the south of china to myanmar to thailand , philippines and indonesia .\n{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . dichorragia nesimachus boisduval , 1836 . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .\non : dichorragia nesimachus machates fruhstorfer , 1903 od : deut . ent . zeit . [ iris ] 16 ( 1 ) : 23 - 24 . tl : deli , n . o . sumatra . ( bmnh ) distribution : p . thailand , malay pen . , sumatra , borneo , palawan .\non : adolias nesimachus doyere , [ 1840 ] od : in cuvier , regne anim . ( disciptes ' ed . ) 6 ( 4 ) : pl . 139bis , fig . 1 . tl : no loc . distribution : n . india to myanmar , thailand , laos , vietnam , s . yunnan .\ndoy\u00e8re , 1840 \u2013 constable . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .\nif mentioning specific images please give media code ( s ) . for misidentifications please list reasons to assist in diagnosis .\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 , all rights reserved . national centre for biological sciences ( ncbs ) holds copyright for all the original material and compilations on this website , although contributing writers and photographers may hold copyright for their material as cited . material from this website can be used freely for educational , basic research and conservation purposes , provided that this website is acknowledged and properly cited as the source . contact us to obtain prior permission for any other use , including for large data downloads and collaborative research .\n. the first description was in 1846 by bouisduval . with a wingspan of 7 . 0 \u2013 8 . 0 cm the constable is a small member of the family nymphalidae . the butterfly is very dark and marmorate with white sinuous line and spots .\nthe forewings are dark brown , dark green and marmorate . at the margin there is a white sinuous line . at the wing leading edge there is a broad white band . there are some little white spots on wing . the underside is dark brown . all white spots and bands and sinuous lines from upside are also there . at the wing leading edge there are two bluish spots .\nthe hind wings are dark brown , dark green and marmorate . hind wings have no tails . the margin is ridged . at the margin there are a white sinuous line and a chain of black spots . there are some bluish spots on wing . the underside is a copy of upside , but the chain of black spots is broader than upside .\nthe first description of this butterfly was in 1846 by boisduval . there are many subspecies .\ncites : ( convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora ) : - no entry - ( as at 14 . 06 . 2006 )\neu regulation on trading with species of wild fauna and flora - no entry - ( as at 19 . 08 . 2005 )\ntakao 599 museum has all kinds of animals inhabit in mt . takao in various ways of exhibitions such as seasonal wild plants preserved in acrylic and all kinds of animals specimens inhibits in mt . takao . on the\nnature wall ,\nstuffed animals are displayed and shows the movie to introduce the dynamic nature of mt . takao .\nmain region : honshu , shikoku , kyushu , okinawa , sado island , tsushima and nansei islands . found in sunny woods and mountain trails from flatlands to low elevations . the patterns on wings are like marbling with indian ink , hence the japanese name suminagashi literally meaning marbling with indian ink . wing colors on the front is light indian ink with shiny blue - green that is unique color and patterns . and wing colors on the back is dark brown with distinct white patterns . proboscis is red this is also unique feature of this species . during daytime , fly fast and gathers around sap of sawtooth oak , rotten fruits and dungs of animals . also suck water on the ground . caterpillars feed on leaves of meliosma myrianth . male shows territorial habit at mountain peak of open spaces in forests . \u25cfwingspan about 55 to 65 mm \u25cfadult flight season may to about august\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\n[ thailand ] chiang mai , doi suthep . 1988 . 03 . 02 4\u0081\u008a y . inayoshi ( yi ) chiang mai , doi suthep . 1988 . 03 . 13 4\u0081\u008a y . inayoshi ( yi ) chiang mai , doi suthep . 1988 . 03 . 15 1\u0081\u0089 2\u0081\u008a y . inayoshi ( yi ) chiang mai , doi suthep . 1986 . 03 . 18 1\u0081\u008a y . inayoshi ( yi ) chiang mai , doi suthep . 1986 . 03 . 19 1\u0081\u0089 3\u0081\u008a y . inayoshi ( yi ) chiang mai , doi suthep . 1987 . 03 . 31 1\u0081\u008a y . inayoshi ( yi ) chiang mai , doi suthep . 1987 . 04 . 02 2\u0081\u0089 1\u0081\u008a y . inayoshi ( yi ) chiang mai , doi suthep . 1987 . 04 . 06 1\u0081\u0089 y . inayoshi ( yi ) nan , doi phu kha . 1992 . 03 . 23 1\u0081\u008a p . sukkit ( yi ) nan , doi phu kha . 1991 . 04 . - - 1\u0081\u0089 local catcher ( yi )\ndoyere , l . , [ 1840 ] : in cuvier 1836 - 1849 , le regne animal , edn . 3 ( disciples ' ) .\ncowan , c . f . , 1976 : on the disciples ' edition of cuvier ' s regne animal .\n[ thailand ] ranong , muang chone . 1984 . 03 . 28 2\u0081\u0089 y . inayoshi ( yi ) surat thani , khao poata . 1988 . 04 . 02 1\u0081\u0089 y . inayoshi ( yi ) surat thani , khao poata . 1987 . 04 . 14 1\u0081\u0089 y . inayoshi ( yi ) surat thani , khao poata . 1987 . 04 . 16 1\u0081\u0089 y . shiraishi ( yi )\namazing shades of nave blue , blue and turquoise . just beautiful . . .\nno need to think , that ' s a definite . in normal light this butterfly is black and white with a tiny blue tinge .\nthis is a bluish olive green butterfly with white spots and a white zig - zog pattern at the wing borders . on the underside , the forewing is purplish black and hindwing dull black and their markings are similar to the upperside but larger and clearer . purplish blue bars are formed by the spots joinin n the cel of the forewing .\ncompiled from secondary sources listed in references by poornima viswanathan for the assam biodiversity portal project .\ndescribes average size , max , range ; type of size ( perimeter , length , volume , weight . . . ) .\ndescribes the general appearance of the taxon ; e . g body plan , shape and color of external features , typical postures . may be referred to as or include habit , defined as the characteristic mode of growth or occurrence associated to its environment , particularly for plants . comprising its size , shape , texture and orientation . example : tree , shrubs , herbs . may also be referred to include anatomy .\nmale and female : - - upperside dark green , the apex and terminal margin of fore and anterior third of hind wing purplish black . fore wing : cell and wing posteriorly up to vein 4 with green basal and outward white spots , a discal oblique series of narrow stripes from costa to interspace 4 , a postdiscal transverse row of white spots succeeded by a series of slender white stripes forming inwardly - pointed loops , and a subterminal row of minute transverse white spots ; the row of white slender loops in the 2 is doubled , and sometimes also in the male . hind wing : apex of cell and disc of wing with bluish - green spots ; the anterior subcostal spot large and white ; a postdiscal series of elongate oval velvety - black spots , succeeded by a series of slender white loops and beyond by a row of slender transverse white spots as on the fore wing , the space enclosed by the loops and the outer row of transverse white spots or short lines velvety black . underside : fore wing purplish black ; hind wing dull opaque black ; the markings much as on the upperside but larger , more clearly defined , except the spots on the disc of the hind wing , which are obscure . on the fore wing the spots in the cell join and form prominent transverse purplish - blue bars , and on the hind wing the postdiscal series of velvety - black spots are more conspicuous . antennae , head , thorax and abdomen dull black .\ngeneral description of the sites where the species is found ( ecosystem , forest , environment or microhabitat ) . includes realm ( e . g terrestrial etc ) and climatic information ( e . g boreal ) ; also includes requirements and tolerances ; horizontal and vertical ( altitudinal ) distribution . also includes information referring to territorial extension of the individual or group in terms of its activities ( feeding , mating , etc . ) , associated mostly to vertebrates .\nenumerates geographic entities where the taxon lives . covers ranges , e . g . , a global range , or a narrower one ; may be biogeographical , political or other ( e . g . , managed areas like conservencies ) ; endemism ; native or exotic . does not include altitudinal distribution , which is covered under habitat .\nantram chas , b . 1924 . butterflies of india . thacker , spink and co . calcutta . 239p . urltoken\nbingham , c . t . ( 1905 ) . the fauna of british india , including ceylon and burma butterflies . vol . 1 ( 1st ed . ) . london : taylor and francis , ltd . urltoken\nthe paper describes some of the rare butterfly species recorded during february 2010 - october 201 . . .\nthe seasonality of butterflies in a semi - evergreen forest : gibbon wildlife sanctuary , assam , northeast . . .\na study spanning 3 . 7 years on the butterflies of gibbon wildlife sanctuary gws ( 21km2 ) , a semi - ever . . .\na checklist of 147 species of butterflies recorded from kedarnath musk deer reserve in chamoli and . . .\n| | best supported on google chrome , firefox 3 . 0 + , internet explorer 8 . 0 + , safari 4 . 0 + , opera 10 + . powered by the open source biodiversity informatics platform . technology partner strand life sciences\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution , non - commercial , no derivative works cc by - nc - nd licence .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 2335, "summary": [{"text": "eurema upembana is a butterfly in the pieridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in the democratic republic of the congo ( upper lomami ) and tanzania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of montane grassland and forests . ", "topic": 24}], "title": "eurema upembana", "paragraphs": ["eurema salome ( c . & r . felder , 1861 ) \u2013 salome yellow\neurema alitha ( c . & r . felder , 1862 ) \u2013 scalloped grass yellow\nspecies range from asia , africa , australia , and oceania , to the new world . the type species is the north american barred yellow ( eurema daira ) .\nthe genus has a circumtropical distribution with the bulk of species in south and central america . parsons ( 1999 ) states that yata ( 1989 ) included four non - neotropical species in eurema - e . brigitta , e . desjardinsii , e . herla , and e . laeta . the remainder of old world\neurema\ns . l . belong in terias .\neurema - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nthe following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 10 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .\nbelow is a sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .\nthe following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 38 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .\nthere are over 70 species in the genus , but more than 300 synonymous names have been applied to them . some species , such as the common african grass yellow , e . hecabe , have over 80 synonyms . the genus itself has over 15 junior generic synonyms . this is the price of being a widespread taxon , as well as a zoogeographical problem .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !"]}
{"id": 2343, "summary": [{"text": "paratoxodera borneana , common name borneo stick mantis , is a species of praying mantis found in brunei that was first identified as a subspecies of p. cornicollis . ", "topic": 16}], "title": "paratoxodera borneana", "paragraphs": ["no one has contributed data records for paratoxodera cornicollis yet . learn how to contribute .\n*\nparatoxodera borneana\n( bicho - pau de born\u00e9o ) *\nparatoxodera cornicollis\n( bicho - pau gigante da mal\u00e1sia ) *\nparatoxodera meggitti\n*\nparatoxodera pluto\n= = g\u00eanero\nparoxyophthalmus\n= = *\nparoxyophthamus collaris\n*\nparoxyophthalmus nigericus\n*\nparoxyophthalmus ornatus\n*\nparoxyophthalmus savatieri\n= = g\u00eanero\nparamorphoscelis\n= = *\nparamorphoscelis gondokorensis\n= = g\u00eanero\nparatithrone\n= = *\nparatithrone royi\n= = g\u00eanero\nparaoxypilus\n= = *\nparaoxypilus armatus\n*\nparaoxypilus distinctus\n*\nparaoxypilus flavifemur\n*\nparaoxypilus insularis\n*\nparaoxypilus kimberleyensis\n*\nparaoxypilus laticollis\n*\nparaoxypilus tasmaniensis\n*\nparaoxypilus verreauxii\n= = g\u00eanero\npareuthyphlebs\n= = *\npareuthyphlebs arabica\n*\npareuthyphlebs occidentalis\n*\npareuthyphlebs palmonii\n*\npareuthyphlebs popovi\n*\npareuthyphlebs scorteccii\n*\npareuthyphlebs somalica\n*\npareuthyphlebs uvarovi\n= = g\u00eanero\nparymenopus\n( wood - mason , 1890 ) = = *\nparymenopus davisoni\n( wood - mason , 1890 ) ( davidson ' s mantis ) = = g\u00eanero\nperlamantis\n= = *\nperlamantis algerica\n*\nperlamantis allibertii\n= = g\u00eanero\npezomantis\n= = *\npezomantis henryi\n= = g\u00eanero\nphthersigena\n= = *\nphthersigena centralis\n*\nphthersigena conspersa\n*\nphthersigena insularis\n*\nphthersigena melania\n*\nphthersigena minor\n*\nphthersigena nebulosa\n*\nphthersigena timorensis\n*\nphthersigena unicornis\n= = g\u00eanero\nphyllocrania\n= = *\nphyllocrania illudens\n( saussure & zehntner , 1895 ) *\nphyllocrania insignis\n( westwood , 1843 ) *\nphyllocrania paradoxa\n( burmeister , 1838 ) = = g\u00eanero\nphyllovates\n= = esp\u00e9cies de louva - a - deus - unic\u00f3rnio s\u00e3o encontrados nesse g\u00eanero .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nehrmann , r . 2002 . mantodea : gottesanbeterinnen der welt . natur und tier , m\u00fcnster .\nm . beier . 1935 . mantodea . fam . mantidae . subfam . thespinae . genera insectorum de p . wytsman 200 : 1 - 32\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nm . beier . 1934 . mantodea . fam . mantidae . subfam . toxoderinae . genera insectorum de p . wytsman 198 : 1 - 10\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nthe mantis comes to us when we need peace , quiet and calm in our lives .\nwe are always eager to help . contact us either by email or live help by clicking bottom right\nlive help\ncredits - computer translations are provided by a combination of our statistical machine translator , google , microsoft , systran and worldlingo .\nwe use cookies to enhance your experience . by continuing to visit this site you agree to our use of cookies . learn more .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\nhallan , j . ( 2000 - current ) . biology catalog . web compilation accessible at urltoken ( accessed june 2012 ) .\nnomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .\nroy . 2009 . revision destoxoderini sensu novo ( mantodea , toxodetinae ) . rev . suisse zool . 116 ( 1 ) : 93 - 183"]}
{"id": 2356, "summary": [{"text": "pseudodromia is a genus of crabs in the family dromiidae , often referred to as sponge crabs .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "they are small or medium-sized crabs which get their name from the ability to shape a living sponge into a portable shelter for themselves .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "a sponge crab cuts out a fragment from a sponge and trims it to its own shape using its claws .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "the last two pairs of legs are shorter than other legs and bend upward over the crab 's carapace , to hold the sponge in place .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the sponge grows along with the crab , providing a consistent shelter . ", "topic": 18}], "title": "pseudodromia", "paragraphs": ["guinot , d . ( 1967 ) . la faune carcinologique ( crustacea brachyura ) de l ' ocean indien occidental et de la mer rouge . catalogue , remarques bibliographiques et biobliographie . bull . inst . fondamental d ' afrique noire ( ifan ) . 237 - 252 . [ details ]\nlewinsohn , c . ( 1977 ) . die dromiidae des roten meeres ( crustacea decapoda : brachyura ) . zoologische verhandelingen ( rijksmuseum van natuurlijke historie , leiden ) 151 . 41 pp . [ details ]\ndatabase contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\ncopyright \u00a9 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved\nenter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user\n> endobj 29 0 obj < < / type / font / subtype / truetype / firstchar 32 / lastchar 35 / encoding 30 0 r / widths 31 0 r / tounicode 32 0 r / fontdescriptor 28 0 r / basefont / arial - boldmt > > endobj 30 0 obj < < / type / encoding / baseencoding / winansiencoding / differences [ 32 / exclam / period / i / n ] > > endobj 31 0 obj [ 333 278 278 611 ] endobj 32 0 obj < < / filter / flatedecode / length 232 > > stream x\u009c ] \u0090\u00b1n\u00e3 \u0010\u0086wk ~ \u0007\u00e6t2\u0090\u00a8r $ \u008b % \u00f5\u00e0 ! iu + \u000f @ \u00e0\u00b0\u0090j @ \u0018\u000fy\u00fb\u00e0\u00f9\u00f5\u00f0\u00e5\u00a4\u00fb\u00ee ~ ~ \u00fek . \u00fdw\u00efl\u00aa\u00ab\u00e6 ; z5 @\n\u00e6 : a\u00f6kt @ \u009e0zg\u0018 ' \u00fa\u00aa\u00b4ux\u00f5 $ c\u0016e\u00f9\u00f0\u009a\u0013l\u00bd3\u00be\u00ae\u00fa6\u00b3\u009f < \u009fs | \u0091c\u00d7 } \u00e4\u00fe 5d\u00eb\u00e6\u00e3\u00e32\u0094 ~ xb\u00f8 \\\n\u00b4\u00ae\u0084 \u001aly\u00ea * \u00e3mn @ \u009a\u00ae [ \u0011\u00fb\u00ac\u00bc\u00869h\u0005q\u00ba\u0011\u00b2 \u00a5\u0082\u00b4\u00e6\u0088\u00ba\u0002\u00a7\u00ffoo\u00ab\u00e8i\u00fe\u00b6y\u00f9\u00e6b ) g\u00a2\u0010v\b [ \u00e1 p $ \u00a73\u0092c ! g $ \u009f\u00b0z\u00edo\u0016 [ \u00ec\u00bf\u00ffy - 1\u00e6 @ x % lr\u0012x\u0007\u00fb ! \u0083\u000f\u00a8\u00fb\u00ea\u001b\u00a74o # endstream endobj 33 0 obj < < / type / page / parent 1 0 r / mediabox [ 0 0 443 628 ] / contents 34 0 r / resources < < / xobject < < / img0 35 0 r > > / procset [ / pdf / text / imagec ] / font 2 0 r > > / annots 36 0 r > > endobj 34 0 obj < < / filter / flatedecode / length 4417 > > stream x\u009c\u00fd\u009dks\u0013\u00e9\u0015\u0086\u00bfs\u00e5\u007fp\u0016\u00e2j\u00edj\u00ec\u00fd\u0002 , \u0081\u00e4\u0098\u00b5\u00e9\u00b2cyl \u00ack\u008d $ \u0004iv + \u0095 | \u00ec\u00af\u00ef\u008c4 = \u00fd\u0013\u00abf\u00efa [ 1 [ \u00b5\u00e5\u00b2\u00a5\u00f3\u00b7\u00f3\u00e7\u00f2\u009ek\u00ff1\u00bf\u007f\u00ef\u00ed9\u00e5\u007f\u00f5\u00ff # / \u0019 & \u00bd\u00fc\u00d7\u00fb\u00f7\u00e2p\u0018 % \u00bda\u009a\u000e\u00a3 ^ \u00be\u00ba\u007f\u00ef\u0019 : ~ \u00e8\u00a5a\u00af\u00fa\u00e1\u00f5c\u00bf\u00fa\u00e1 \u00a3 $ \u00ea\u00fd\u00f3s\u00ef\u00e9\u0089 [ \u0012pz\u00f9\u00fa\u00fe\u00bd\u00fe\u00ef ' ' \u00df\u00f5\u00f2\u00bfv\u00dfq\u0083\u00f0i\u0093 ^ \u00f5\u0083\u00eb\u00e6q\u00f5\u0083w ~ ) \u00ad\u00be\u00f3\u00ff\u0093\u00fat\u0017\u00e5\u00fe\u00e9\u008b\u0097o\u0093\u00fa\u00a3\u00a9 ; l\u00bdr\u009a\u00f5\u0084\u00fa\u00e7oo\u009f\u00bf = \u00fe\u00fea\u00b0\u00fd\u00eb\u00e0 \u0086a = \u00fd\u00ee\u00a1\u00df\u00a2\u00a1 _ \u00bf\u00fc\u00f3\u00f3 o _ \u009e\u00bd\u00fb ~ : \u0087a f ? 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\u00b5f = | \u00a1\u009a\u0000\u00a37\u0086nn /\n\u00b8\u00b8\u00f4l\u008c\u0084\u0013\u0095\u00ea ( \u00f0\u000e\u009a\u0080 ( j\u00b6\u00b7\u00b7qyv\u0097k\u0002\u0090cf = \u00f9\u00a5 ` + h : e\u00e6\u0096\u0082 . \u0092 [ p\u000e\u0017f\b4\u00e0\u00f9 - oc3\u00ea\u00f6\u00d7\u00f6\u00fez\u00b2\u00b02\u0003\u00e6 @ \u00ef @ \u001b\u0094\u0000\u00f9\u0083\u00b4l\n` \u00aeg fph\u0003\u0095\u00be\u00f0\u00ad\u00e5\u00fc\u00e2k\u008dd4\u0098\u00e6vp\u0080\u00fd\u00f2mo\u00adc1\u00fe ] , \u00e0\u0000\u0010 \u00e1\u0014\u0001oy\u00f2o\u00f5\u0019\u0019\u0005\u00ea % \u00abc\u00f7 { y\u00fc\u00e8\u00b0\u0010iz\u0005\u00f6\u0099 ' \u00fa > \u00a2 & l ; \u00ba\u0014\u00eeh\u0003\u00a2 \u000ess\u00f0 / \u00ef\u00b5\u0001s\u00fd\u00a2\u00a9\u00e5\u009c\u00e4 < \u00bf\u00bb\u00fa\u00f1 ` : \b\u0016d\u0081\u0016w\u00df 3\u0001\u008c\u009a @ fx\u0083m\u00bc\u00f4\u00ed\u00e4\u0016\u00f7i - \u00e4\u008a\u00e9\u009d\u00df\u008d\u0000g\u00e9\u009e \u00f4t\u00e9\u00f7z\u00ea\u0011 , lf\u00f4\u00f2\u00b84\u00f4\u0003\u00a6 \u00fdch\u00b7\u00f5 ` \u00f9 ( \u00fa\u00eb\u00f7 $ \u0003\u0095 \u008b } / _ \u00b0\u00fd\u00f5\u00ad\u00e4o\b\u00e9\u00e6 \u00e2\u0095\u0080s\u00e1\u00eb\u00bdbu\u0097y\u00bc\u0012 \u00e9 c\u0000sv @ tv\u00f0em\u0002c \u0004\u008d\u0006\u0000\u0014\u0000\u00f7\u0005\u0090\u00a8 % i gj\u0000\u00e6n\nbidentate , no median tooth , two prominent lobes , each of which is broadly bifid . female\n, little more massive than first two pairs of legs . none of those limbs verrucose or dilated . first two pairs of legs without podobranchs . inner margins of\nof first two pairs of legs armed with several small spines . last two pairs of legs very unequal . third pair of leg shortest . fourth pair almost as long as either of first two pairs , no spine on outer margin of fourth leg\nalcock , a . w . , 1900a . materials for a carcinological fauna of india . no . 5 . brachyura primigenia or dromiacea . journal of the asiatic society of bengal , calcutta , 68 , part 2 ( 3 ) : 123 - 169 , pls 3 - 5 .\nalcock , a . w . , 1901 . catalogue of the indian decapod crustacea in the collection of the indian museum . part i . brachyura . fasc . 1 . introduction and dromides or dromiacea ( brachyura primigenia ) . trustees of the indian museum , calcutta , i - viii , 1 - 80 , pls a & 1 - 7 .\nihle , j . e . w . , 1913 . die decapoda brachyura der siboga - expedition i . dromiacea . siboga expeditie monografie , 39 ( b ) : 1 - 96 , 38 figs , pls 1 - 4 .\nmclay , c . l . , 1993 . crustacea decapoda : the sponge crabs ( dromiidae ) of new caledonia and the philippines with a review of the genera . in : a . crosnier ( ed . ) , r\u00e9sultats des campagnes musorstom , volume 10 . m\u00e9moires du mus\u00e9um national d ' histoire naturelle , 156 : 111 - 251 , figs 1 - 19 , tabl . 1 - 8 .\nmiers , e . j . , 1884b . crustacea ( brachyura ) . in : report on the zoological collections made in the indo - pacific ocean during the voyage of h . m . s . alert 1881 - 1882 . part i . the collections from melanesia . part ii . the collections from the western indian ocean . british museum ( natural history ) , london , 8 ( 2 ) : 513 - 575 , pls 46 - 52 .\nsakai , t . , 1976a . crabs of japan and the adjacent seas . ( in 3 volumes : ( 1 ) english text : i - xxix , 1 - 773 , figs 1 - 379 , ( 2 ) plates volume : 1 - 16 , pls 1 - 251 , ( 3 ) japanese text : 1 - 461 , figs 1 - 2 , 3 maps . ) kodansha ltd , tokyo .\nwada , k . , 1995 . brachyura . in : s . nishimura , guide to seashore animals of japan with color pictures and keys . vol . 2 : 379 - 418 , pls 101 - 118 . ( in japanese )\nsorry , there are no images or audio / video clips available for this taxon .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthough they are an important source of food , little is known about crabs on the west coast of india . information on the diversity of these fascinating creatures is confined to crabs collected from sandy beaches , rocky foreshores , mud flats , marshes and mangrove swamps .\naltogether 83 species of the crabs have been reported along the west coast of india . of these , 37 species are marine , 40 estuarine , and six live in freshwater .\ncrabs are an inexpensive source of protein . they fetch a good price during the monsoon or off - season . crab fishing provides livelihood for a large number of people in coastal villages .\ndue to limited yield and great local demand , there is no export potential for crabs . large annual fluctuations occur in the numbers caught . soylla serrata is the most common edible crab of india . portunus pelagious , charybdis cruciata and portunus sanguinoleutus are other commercially important crabs ; they are caught throughout the year and support a minor but regular fishery along the goa coast .\nthe gear and methods for catching crabs are not highly specialized . most are caught during the daytime using various types of conventional nets , traps , lines , bait and hand picking during low tide . the crabs are kept in baskets with wet weeds to reduce mortality , and are marketed live .\ncrabs play an important role in recycling nutrients in mangrove ecosystems . they are a prime source of food for various fish , ( including stingrays ) , frogs , crocodiles , swimming and wading birds , jackals and other carnivores . they are important scavengers of the seashore , making up in numbers what they lack in size .\ndespite their ecological importance , crabs are often treated as a nuisance . they burrow actively , causing considerable damage to canal and river banks and pond bunds . this can cause heavy losses to commercial aquaculture .\nthe lunar cycle is thought to influence the occurrence and body composition of crabs . the highest numbers of crabs are found during the full moon , while the weight of the crabs is highest during a new moon .\npeople believe that during a new or full moon , the texture and taste of crab meat changes considerably . this is due to moulting of the shell and seasonal variations in the chemical composition of the meat .\nthere is no regular culture in india specifically for crabs . though scylla serrata and portunus spp . are suitable for culture due to their high growth rate , adaptability to brackish water , voracious feeding and early attainment of sexual maturity , no attempt has been made to raise them commercially . the coastal and brackish water farms of goa could be used to culture these species .\nthe best way to conserve crabs is to protect their habitat . some commercially important species inhabit mudflats and sandy beaches . these and related habitats such as mangroves can be protected by minimizing erosion , planting casuarina trees and protecting sand dunes ."]}
{"id": 2364, "summary": [{"text": "anarta myrtilli , the beautiful yellow underwing , is a moth in the noctuidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in most of europe including scandinavia , britain , france , germany , switzerland , spain , portugal , italy , and russia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 20 \u2013 22 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "forewing dull dark fuscous purple , with the lines slightly paler ; the stigmata obscure ; a subtriangular whitish blotch on base of vein 2 ; hindwing orange with broad black terminal border ; the costa and inner margin narrowly black and the base of wing often smoky blackish ; this , the type form , occurring in sweden , the north of england and scotland , and other northern localities is very different from the usual bright red form , which is the ab . rufescens tutt .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "in this the forewing is a mixture of bright red , and olive brown or olive yellow ; the transverse lines being more or less strongly whitish , the stigmata red brown with pale rings , and the white spot on vein 2 distinct ; ab . peralbata ab .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "nov. [ warren ] is an extreme form of this , in which the white lines are strongly developed , : and the central area is milk white from costa to inner margin , including the white blotch on vein 2 ; in the hindwing the yellow is ampler , the black of the costal , and inner margins and the basal suffusion being reduced ; - ab.albivena haw. , described from east anglian specimens , has the forewing suffused with olive brown , wing remaining normal ; while in alpina ractzer not only is the forewing olive brown , but the hindwing shows only a dull yellowish median band crossed by black veins ; - and again in olivacea fuchs the yellow of the hindwing is suffused with olive brown , while the coloration of the forewing remains of the normal bright red ; in ab . nigrescens ab .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "nov. [ warren ] occurring at hyeres , s.france , the usual red fusion is almost entirely replaced by black ; lastly , in subsp. citrina subsp. nov. [ warren ] ] from cintra , portugal , the whole forewing is suffused with blackish , leaving only the white blotch on vein 2 conspicuous , and the orange of the hindwing , both above and below , is pale lemon yellow ; as the insect is decidedly larger than average typical myrtilli , it may prove a distinct species ; at present i have seen only one - taken in the spring of 1909 by mr - n. c. rothschild , and now in the tring museum .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing between may to august depending on the location .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "there are probably two generations per year .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "the larvae feed on calluna vulgaris and erica tetralix . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "anarta myrtilli", "paragraphs": ["kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name\nkanervakangasy\u00f6kk\u00f6nen\nto\nanarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761\n.\nbeautiful yellow underwing ( anarta myrtilli ) - norfolk moths - the macro and micro moths of norfolk .\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\nheidekrauteule\nto\nanarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761\n.\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\nheidekrauteulchen\nto\nanarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761\n.\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\nheidekraut - bunteule\nto\nanarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761\n.\nhans - martin braun added the german common name\nheidekraut - bunteulchen\nto\nanarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761\n.\nhabitat : anarta myrtilli inhabits sunny calluna locations as heath bogs , silicate calluna heaths in the mountains or sandy heaths in the plane .\nendangerment factors : in the lowlands , for example in the upper rhine valley , anarta myrtilli has already lost almost all locations as a result of the intensification of agriculture and the increasingly rampant overbuilding by industry , transportation routes and settlements . in the mountains , anarta myrtilli is currently threatened even less , though here also constantly habitat area is lost by reforestation , ski runs and other tourist facilities . in the northern black forest anarta myrtilli could benefit from the storm areas in recent decades , but that is currently canceled again with their gradual overgrowth .\nremarks : anarta myrtilli is quite widespread in europe as a whole , but lacks many landscapes completely ( limestone areas , etc . ) . in the south , it is still more local and is missing e . g . in southern italy or greece .\nid : forewing ground colour reddish - brown or brownish - grey , marbled greyish - white ; white blotch at dorsal margin of oval ; hindwing yellow with a broad black termen and narrow black costal and dorsal margins . anarta cordigera ( small dark yellow underwing ) has a dark grey forewing ground colour and a conspicuous white - edged kidney mark .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ngaden s . robinson , phillip r . ackery , ian j . kitching , george w . beccaloni and luis m . hern\u00e1ndez\nrecords of caterpillar hostplants are scattered through published and manuscript sources worldwide and are difficult to retrieve . many rearing records are never published and so are not accessible to other entomologists . but collected hostplant records form a valuable scientific resource that can be used eventually to answer broader biological questions about how lepidoptera and plants interact ( eg , letourneau , hagen & robinson , 2001 ) . it provides information of immediate relevance to agriculture , ecology , forestry , conservation and taxonomy .\nhosts brings together an enormous body of information on what the world ' s butterfly and moth ( lepidoptera ) caterpillars eat . the web - based version presented here offers a synoptic data set drawn from about 180 , 000 records comprising taxonomically ' cleaned ' hostplant data for about 22 , 000 lepidoptera species drawn from about 1600 published and manuscript sources . it is not ( and cannot be ) exhaustive , but it is probably the best and most comprehensive compilation of hostplant data available .\nwe hope that it will be useful to a wide range of biologists and that it will act as a spur to further recording and analysis of caterpillar - plant interactions .\nhosts can be searched in two ways , using text search and drill - down search modes .\nin text search mode , use either lepidoptera or hostplant criteria or a combination of the two . hosts operates only using scientific names . it is not possible to search for the hostplants of the red admiral butterfly but a search for hostplants using its scientific name , vanessa atalanta , will be successful . enter the generic name ( vanessa ) in the - lepidoptera criteria - genus box ; enter atalanta in the species : box ; click search .\nhint : leave the ' starts with ' command as the default and in the species entry box omit the last few letters of the species - name ( eg , atalant ) . this will get around the problem of variable gender - endings . hosts uses original orthography of species - group names as far as possible , but some checklists follow the convention of altering the species - group name to accord with the presumed gender of the generic name ( eg flava , flavus ) .\nrestrict or refine searches using additional criteria ; choosing ' usa ' from the drop - down location box and entering [ starts with ] ' urt ' in the hostplant family box will return hostplant records of vanessa atalanta from urticaceae in the usa .\nhint : restricting location may deliver a very incomplete subset of records : in the previous example all records specified as from the nearctic region ( usa + canada ) would be missed .\ndrill - down search mode allows the user to home in from the starting - point of either the lepidoptera or the plant family . choose a family group from the drop - down box and allow time for all genera of that family in the database to load to the genus drop - down box ; choose a genus and wait for the species to load . the search button can be pressed at any time , but the record delivery limit may be exceeded at higher taxonomic levels . drill - down search allows the user to see by scrolling all the taxa that are represented in the database . following the previous example , choose nymphalidae , then choose vanessa from the genus drop - down box and then atalanta from the ten possible species of vanessa included in hosts .\nthe preliminary search results pages give family , genus and species of the caterpillar and its hostplant . note that many hostplants are recorded as a plant genus only . clicking the caterpillar name will give the full record . the full record listing gives , additionally , the author of the lepidoptera species , subspecific information on the insect and the plant , if available , together with details of larval damage . laboratory rearings where the food utilised may not be the natural hostplant are indicated . the status of the record ( whether considered true , erroneous or suspect ) is not currently implemented in this version of hosts .\nleguminosae ( c ) - caesalpinioideae . leguminosae ( m ) - mimosoideae . leguminosae ( p ) - papilionoideae .\nall lepidoptera groups are covered and subspecific taxa are differentiated . the original source of the record , original form of the names used ( prior to taxonomic ' cleaning ' and standardisation of nomenclature ) and validation and verification fields are not included . this information is , however , retained in the databases used to generate this site . while we have included species that do not feed on green plants , the known food substrates of these are not listed exhaustively . such species comprise detritophages and predators and include , for example , most tineidae and the stored - products pests . the published compilations from hosts ( see more detail - publications from hosts ) include record status and the sources of all records .\ndetailed published compilations from hosts are available in press . these books give greater detail than the website , together with comprehensive cross - indexes , record status and full bibliographies . they are indispensable tools for naturalists and professional entomologists .\nrobinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hern\u00e1ndez , l . m . 2001 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the oriental region . 744 pp .\nrobinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hern\u00e1ndez , l . m . 2002 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of america north of mexico . 824 pp . [ memoirs of the american entomological institute , volume 69 . ]\nbeccaloni , g . w . , viloria , a . l . , hall , s . k . & robinson , g . s . 2008 . catalogue of the hostplants of the neotropical butterflies / cat\u00e1logo de las plantas hu\u00e9sped de las mariposas neotropicales . m3m - monograf\u00edas tercer milenio , volume 8 . zaragoza , spain : sociedad entomol\u00f3gica aragonesa ( sea ) / red iberoamericana de biogeograf\u00eda y entomolog\u00eda sistem\u00e1tica ( ribes ) / ciencia y tecnolog\u00eda para el desarrollo ( cyted ) / natural history museum , london , u . k . ( nhm ) / instituto venezolano de investigaciones cient\u00edficas , venezuela ( ivic ) . 1 - 536 pp . , 1 fig , 3 tabs .\ngaden robinson was responsible for the overall project design and management of the hosts database , and for records of lepidoptera exclusive of butterflies and bombycoid moths . phillip ackery and george beccaloni were responsible for butterfly data , including data drawn from card catalogues developed by ackery , whilst ian kitching was responsible for hostplant data of bombycoid moths . luis m . hern\u00e1ndez was responsible for abstracting in the latter two years of the project and for development of the bibliography for the hardcopy versions of the data .\nwe are extremely grateful to the many people who contributed their own rearing records of lepidoptera or personal accumulations of data for inclusion in the hosts database , particularly mike bigger ( uk ) , john w . brown ( usa ) , chris conlan ( usa ) , rob ferber ( usa ) , konrad fiedler ( germany ) , jeremy holloway ( uk ) , frank hsu ( usa ) , jurie intachat ( malaysia ) , alec mcclay ( canada ) , bill palmer ( australia ) , pierre plauzoles ( usa ) and the generous individuals who contributed rearing records through the worldwideweb and who are known to us only as an email address .\nwe are particularly grateful to julian donahue and the los angeles county museum of natural history for allowing us to include data on microlepidoptera from the card catalogue prepared by the late j . a . comstock and c . henne , and for access to manuscript records by noel mcfarland .\nmarian fricano ( santa clara university ) and aileen giovanello ( clark university , international internship 1996 ) made substantial contributions of abstracted data ; fran love ( north carolina ) painstakingly checked scanned texts and reformatted them for import to paradox .\nmuch of the immense task of data abstracting and entry from printed and manuscript sources as well as preliminary editing and name - checking was carried out by volunteers . many of these were school students on work - experience placements during 1993 - 2000 from , initially , the coopers ' company and coborn school , upminster , and later from other schools in greater london : christopher andrewes , simon bennett ( 1994 nhm vacation studentship ) , steven bond , michael brownlow , emma causer , laurence cooper , ailsa cranfield ( 1998 nuffield studentship ) , emily dwiar , andrew enever , jane feehan , madeleine ferry , max friedman , edward gold , jennifer hodgkinson , christopher joint , fateha khatun ( 1996 nuffield studentship ) , james lowe , louisa marchant , gemma millward , christopher milne , carolyn oughton , william perkins , rebecca reith , eleanor resheph , clare sambidge , neil shaftain , stephen sloan , helen stevens , samuel tarry , david taylor and thomas yeatman .\nwe are indebted to all our helpers for their diligence , accuracy and patience , and for their unswerving faith that this daunting project would reach a conclusion .\nour colleagues here and overseas provided substantial help , advice and assistance with the checking of names of lepidoptera and with many other aspects of this project : kim and david goodger and jeremy holloway ( macrolepidoptera families ) , martin honey ( noctuoidea ) , brian pitkin ( computing ) , malcolm scoble and linda pitkin ( geometroidea ) , klaus sattler ( gelechioidea ) , michael shaffer ( pyraloidea , thyridoidea , pterophoroidea ) , alma solis ( usda , washington - pyraloidea ) , fernley symons ( oxford university - technical support ) and kevin tuck ( tortricoidea ) . julie harvey and the staff of the bmnh entomology and general libraries provided sterling support in locating obscure source material and intuitively correcting bowdlerized references .\nwe thank the trustees of the loke wan tho memorial foundation for their generous support for this project .\nrobinson , g . s . , p . r . ackery , i . j . kitching , g . w . beccaloni & l . m . hern\u00e1ndez , 2010 . hosts - a database of the world ' s lepidopteran hostplants . natural history museum , london . urltoken . ( accessed : 18 aug . 2010 ) .\nbrummitt , r . k . 1992 . vascular plant families and genera . [ vi ] + 804 pp . , royal botanic gardens , kew .\nkartesz , j . t . 1994 . a synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the unites states , canada and greenland . timber press , portland . 1 , checklist , lxi + 622 pp ; 2 , thesaurus , vii + 816 pp .\nkitching , i . j . & cadiou , j . - m . 2000 . hawkmoths of the world : an annotated and illustrated revsionary checklist . xx + 500 pp . , cornell university press , ithaca .\nkitching , i . j . & rawlins , j . e . 1999 . the noctuoidea . pp . 355 - 401 . in : kristensen , n . p . ( ed . ) lepidoptera , moths and butterflies . 1 . evolution , systematics and biogeography . handbook of zoology , 4 ( 35 ) . lepidoptera . x + 491 pp . de gruyter , berlin .\nletourneau , d . k . , hagen , j . a . & robinson , g . s . 2001 . bt crops : evaluating benefits under cultivation and risks from escaped transgenes in the wild . pp . 33 - 98 . in : letourneau , d . k . & burrows , b . e . ( eds ) , genetically engineered organisms : assessing environmental and human health effects . [ viii ] + 438 pp . , crc press , boca raton .\nmabberley , d . j . 1987 . the plant book . a portable dictionary of the higher plants . xii + 707 pp . , cambridge university press . [ the 1993 reprint edition is currently used in editing . ]\nnielsen , e . s . , edwards , e . d . & rangsi , t . v . ( eds ) 1996 . checklist of the lepidoptera of australia . monographs on australian lepidoptera . 4 . xiv + 529 pp . , csiro , melbourne .\nnye , i . w . b . ( ed . ) 1975 - 91 . the generic names of moths of the world . 1 : 568 pp . ( noctuoidea ( part ) - nye , i . w . b . , 1975 ) ; 2 : xiv + 228 pp . ( noctuoidea ( part ) - watson , a . , fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . , 1980 ) ; 3 : xx + 243 pp . ( geometroidea - fletcher , d . s . , 1979 ) ; 4 : xiv + 192 pp . ( bombycoidea to zygaenoidea - fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . , 1982 ) ; 5 : xv + 185 pp . ( pyraloidea - fletcher , d . s . & nye , 1984 ) ; 6 : xxix + 368 pp . ( microlepidoptera - nye , i . w . b . & fletcher , d . s . , 1991 ) . british museum ( natural history ) / the natural history museum , london .\nrawlins , j . e . 1984 . mycophagy in lepidoptera . pp . 382 - 483 . in : wheeler , q . & blackwell , m . ( eds ) fungus - insect relationships . perspectives in ecology and evolution . 514 pp . , columbia university press .\nrobinson , g . s . 1999 . hosts - a database of the hostplants of the world ' s lepidoptera . nota lepidopterologica , 22 : 35 - 47 .\nrobinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hern\u00e1ndez , l . m . 2001 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the oriental region . 744 pp . southdene sdn bhd , kuala lumpur .\nrobinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hern\u00e1ndez , l . m . 2002 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of america north of mexico . memoirs of the american entomological institute , 69 : 1 - 824 .\nscoble , m . j . ( ed . ) 1999 . a taxonomic catalogue to the geometridae of the world ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . 2 vols . csiro publications , melbourne .\nroyal botanic garden edinburgh dipterocarpaceae database : http : / / 193 . 62 . 154 . 38 / diptero /\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\na quite small species , with a wingspan of only around 25mm , this is a diurnal moth , flying freely in warm sunshine , but tending to rest when the sun goes in .\nfrequenting acid moorland , there are probably two generations in the south , with moths on the wing from may to august . in the north it flies in june and july .\nit has a scattered distribution over most of britain , and the larvae feed mainly on heather ( calluna ) .\nukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .\nthe ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .\nlooking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .\nprocache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 15 12 : 26 : 11 page render time : 0 . 2731s total w / procache : 0 . 3354s\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nlife cycle : the moths fly in one or ( usually ) two generations from april to early september . the caterpillar lives from the summer to october also open on the plant during the day , but well camouflaged . the pupa overwinters .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nfw : 10 - 12mm ; apr - aug in south , jun - jul in north , diurnal ; common heather ( calluna vulgaris ) , bell heather ( erica cinerea ) ; common in heath and moor throughout gb .\n\u00a71 new forest , hampshire ; 31 / 08 / 2013 ; male ; fw 10 . 6mm \u200b\u00a72 duddon moss , cumbria ; 22 / 07 / 2016 ; female ; fw 10 . 0mm ; netted by day all images \u00a9 chris lewis\nrecorded in 18 ( 26 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1873 . last recorded in 2018 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018"]}
{"id": 2390, "summary": [{"text": "lachnocnema luna , the druce 's large woolly legs , is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in ghana ( the volta region ) , eastern nigeria , cameroon , gabon , the republic of the congo , the north-eastern part of the democratic republic of the congo , uganda and north-western tanzania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the habitat consists of forests .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "larvae have been recorded on cassia alata .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "they fed on the secretions of immature ant-attended membracids and on membracids and jassids . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "lachnocnema luna", "paragraphs": ["lachnocnema , commonly called woolly legs , is a genus of butterfly in the family lycaenidae found mainly in sub - saharan africa .\nlibert , m . 1996 contribution a l ' etude des lycaenidae africains - revision du genre lachnocnema trimen ( lepidopter lycaenidae ) . lambillionea 96 , 185 - 202 , 367 - 386 , 479 - 500 .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\nolder records of the species are not trustworthy because of much recent revisionary work on the genus by libert ( 1996 ) .\nis a somewhat elusive butterfly within its huge extent of occurrence ( eoo ) that stretches from ghana\u2019s volta region through nigeria and cameroon to the drc , uganda and northwestern tanzania . the known area of occupancy ( aoo ) is limited by the fact that the species is rarely met with in nature and little is known about its habits . however , this genus is generally elusive and the area of occupancy is almost certainly larger than currently known based on the huge eoo . even with a lack of understanding about the threats this species may face , it must be classified as least concern .\nlarsen ( 2005 ) describes this as a scarce species . whether this is due to the habits of the species or genuine rarity is unclear .\nthe species is mainly found in and around forest clearings and edges but very little is known about it .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\n\u00a9 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nan african genus to which many species have been added recently due to the revision of libert ( 1996 ) .\ncorrespondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved ."]}
{"id": 2394, "summary": [{"text": "scrobipalpa obsoletella , the summer groundling , is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in most of europe , turkey , the caucasus , from iran to asian russia ( transbaikal ) and mongolia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it has also been recorded from south africa and north america , where it is probably an introduced species .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the habitat consists of coastal salt marshes and sandy beaches .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "the wingspan is 12 \u2013 14 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from may to august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on atriplex glabriuscula , atriplex halimus , atriplex litoralis , atriplex tatarica and chenopodium species .", "topic": 29}, {"text": "the larvae bore in the pith of the stem .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "the frass is ejected through a hole in the stem , located at the base of the leaf or a side branch .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "the larvae can be found from june to july and again in september .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "they are light green when young , turning yellowish green later .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the head is light brown .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the species overwinters in the larval stage . ", "topic": 3}], "title": "scrobipalpa obsoletella", "paragraphs": ["scrobipalpa obsoletella ( summer groundling ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .\neuscrobipalpa obsoletella ( fischer von roslerstamm 1841 ) ( euscrobipalpa povoln\u00fd 1967 is a junior synonym of scrobipalpa janse 1951 . )\nscrobipalpa obsoletella - those with the forewing a pale greyish colour lacking any red - brown colouration and appearing paler in the final one - third due to a pale postmedial fascia .\nscrobipalpa suaedella - those with an obvious clear pale ochreous dorsal quarter to the forewing .\none pre 1900 record from hunstanton ( barrett ) may not be distinguishable from scrobipalpa nitentella .\ns . nitentella was only distinguished from s . obsoletella in britain in 1935 and as a consequence there is some uncertainty as to the true identity of some of the older records .\nscrobipalpa ocellatella - those with the prominent angled fascia at three quarters on the forewing and dark markings contrasting with the surrounding paler ground colour .\nbecause of the sometimes considerable variation within most saltmarsh inhabiting scrobipalpa species , identification by wing markings alone will often not be possible . caution and care are the watchwords for this group .\nthose more readily identifiable when freshly emerged by the forewing markings are listed below . however all of these also have variation in their wing markings which , when the obvious features are obscured or worn , will then resemble some other scrobipalpa species .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\na new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .\na new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa \u00fcnal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !\na new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog\u2014the famous fictional spider from \u201charry potter\u201d book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film \u201charry potter and the chamber of secrets\u201d , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .\nmariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel\nidentification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley\nwidely scattered but local over much of england with a strong preference for coastal eastern and southern regions but has been found regularly inland ; locally common on scilly isles ; rare in scotland , wales and ireland and apparently absent from the channel islands .\natriplex spp . ( orache ) including atriplex prostrata ( spear - leaved orache ) , see distribution map , atriplex glabriuscula ( babbington ' s orache ) and supposedly chenopodium spp . ( goosefoot ) .\nin europe on atriplex littoralis ( grass - leaved orache ) , a . halimus ( sea orache ) , a . tatarica and also on chenopodium spp . ( goosefoot ) , both on ruderal and halophytic ( salt - loving ) species .\ndry whitish frass extruding from a small hole in the stem will indicate a larva within the stem and has been found feeding within or between spun fruits of babbington ' s orache .\nsaltmarshes , sea banks and other coastal locations where the foodplants occur . information relating to inland sites where larvae have been found do not appear to have been documented .\nlarva : feeds within the stem , leaving a small hole with dry whitish frass . on babbington ' s orache it has been found feeding in a single fruit or , more usually , two spun together .\nadult : flies at night and comes to light often some miles from its nearest foodplant site .\nusually the palest of the saltmarsh species and greyer than most , often lacking any sign of red - brown colouration on the wings . similar species such as s . nitentella and s . atriplicella usually have darker forewings .\nif a moth has been bred from a known foodplant , and therefore also time of year when the larva feeds and the nature of its feeding methods have been observed , this information , plus a freshly emerged moth , will allow the number of possibilites to be reduced considerably . if the bred or caught moth is a very fresh specimen and displays the distinctive markings of some species ( see below ) then an identification without more detailed examination should be possible in many cases .\nin cases where there is any doubt , particularly where worn light - trapped specimens are concerned , dissection will be essential to obtain an accurate identification until a good familiarity is built up with the range of species and their markings at a particular site .\neven genitalia differences are often small but are constant between the various species . it is advisable to seek confirmation of identifications by genitalia until familiarity is built up with this genus .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nrecorded in 3 ( 4 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 2002 .\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ngodart & duponchel ( 1832 ) reported the wingspan as\n5 lignes\nor about 10 . 5 mm .\nis a european species that was first reported in washington in 1932 and has spread throughout the western states .\ngodart , j . b . & p . a . j . duponchel , 1832 . histoire naturelle des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res ou papillons de france , 1 : 261 .\n. university of california press , p . 99 , pl . 10 , fig . 10 .\nchecklist of gelechiidae ( lepidoptera ) in america north of mexico lee s . , hodges r . w . , brown r . l . 2009 . zootaxa 2231 : 1\u201339 .\ncheck list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . hodges , et al . ( editors ) . 1983 . e . w . classey , london . 284 pp .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 24 june , 2011 - 2 : 07pm additional contributions by terry harrison last updated 31 may , 2014 - 9 : 52am\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nhuemer , p . & karsholt , o . - gelechiidae 2 ( gelechiinae : gnorimoschemini . in microlepidoptera of europe 6 . stenstrup . i n prep . 2010\nponomarenko , m . - gelechiidae in pp . 87 - 106 , 327 - 329 . in : s . yu sinev ( ed . ) , 2008 . katalog cheshuekrylykh ( lepidoptera ) rossii ( catalogue of the lepidoptera of russia ) . - kmk scientific press ltd . , st . petersburg - moscow . 424 pp . 2008\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services ."]}
{"id": 2399, "summary": [{"text": "perithemis is a genus of dragonflies commonly known as amberwings .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "they are characterized by their small size and the amber wings of the male .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "perithemis includes the following species : perithemis bella kirby , 1889 perithemis capixaba costa , de souza & muz\u00f3n , 2006 perithemis cornelia ris , 1910 - orange amberwing perithemis domitia ( drury , 1773 ) - slough amberwing perithemis electra ris , 1930 - golden amberwing perithemis icteroptera ( selys in sagra , 1857 ) perithemis intensa kirby , 1889 - mexican amberwing perithemis lais ( perty , 1834 ) - fine-banded amberwing perithemis mooma kirby , 1889 perithemis parzefalli hoffmann , 1991 - clear-tipped amberwing perithemis rubita dunkle , 1982 - ruby amberwing perithemis tenera ( say , 1840 ) - eastern amberwing perithemis thais kirby , 1889", "topic": 7}], "title": "perithemis", "paragraphs": ["eastern amberwing perithemis tenera female balmorhea lake , reeves co . texas 21 august 2013\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female dripping springs , hays co . , texas 30 june 2017\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male southeast metro park , travis co . , texas 16 may 2014\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male barkeley meadows park , travis co . , texas 8 september 2015\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male southeast metro park , travis co . , texas 9 july 2016\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 30 may 2013\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 7 june 2013\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 11 may 2014\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 2 august 2014\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 14 august 2014\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 27 april 2015\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 9 june 2015\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 11 may 2016\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male hornsby bend , austin , travis co . , texas 26 april 2017\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male chub sandhill natural area preserve , sussex co . , virginia 7 june 2017\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male roger hanks park , dripping springs , hays co . , texas 17 june 2015\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male city of rocks state park , grant co . , new mexico 27 august 2015\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male harrison lake national fish hatchery , charles city co . , virginia 7 june 2017\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female pedernales river nature park , johnson city , blanco co . , texas 13 june 2013\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female pedernales river nature park , johnson city , blanco co . , texas 15 august 2013\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female lakes regional park , ft . myers , lee co . , florida 8 october 2014\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera teneral male , just emerged pocahontas state park , chesterfield co . , virginia 8 june 2017\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera male san marcos river , ca 3 mi w of luling , caldwell co . , texas 21 july 2017\neastern amberwing perithemis tenera female yett creek park , austin , travis co . , texas 16 july 2015 lat 30 . 429596 , lon - 97 . 737002\nthe eastern amberwing ( perithemis tenera ) is a small , thick - bodied dragon that utilizes many habitats from streams to lakes to ponds and marshes . it is one of the smallest dragons in north america and it is sometimes called a\nwasp mimic\nsince it can look very wasp - like in flight . the first image shown here was photographed in austin , travis co . , texas in may , 2003 . the image was a digital capture with a canon eos 10d and ef 300 mm f4 l is lens with a 1 . 4 extender and 550 ex flash . the next image , to illustrate the dorsal abdominal pattern in comparison to the slough amberwing , was shot in eagle pass , maverick co . , texas in september , 2003 with a canon eos 10d and ef 70 - 200 mm f / 2 . 8 l is lens with 2x extender and 550 ex flash .\namphibians & reptiles birds mammals dragonflies fishes plants world biomes bird wing & tail images library resources publications pacific nw moths ( external site ) bug guide ( external site ) a catalogue of butterflies of the united states and canada , j . pelham , 2012 usfws feather atlas an identification manual to the small mammals of british coumbia tags silphidae of washington state\nthis list , including english names originally proposed in 1978 and now revised several times , is offered as both a current north american check - list and a list of english names . the english names were generated by dennis r . paulson and sidney w . dunkle ( a few were already in use ) and approved , with some modification , by the membership of the dragonfly society of the americas . common names for species recently added to the list were coined by the common names committe and then the checklist committee of the dsa or by the original describer . the list is kept up to date with taxonomic changes , name changes , and species newly added to the fauna .\nslater museum of natural history 1500 n . warner st . # 1088 tacoma , wa 98416 253 . 879 . 3356\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\njustification : extent of occurrence is 3 , 955 , 500 km\u00b2 and the species is known from 32 locations , several within protected areas .\nfound from honduras south to bolivia and brazil ( ris 1930 , r\u00e1cenis 1953 , dunkle 1982 , donnelly 1992 , louton et al . 1996 , d . r . paulson pers . comm . 2006 , r . w . garrison 2006 ) .\nthe species is known from 32 localities , several situated within a protected area and thought to be widespread although no data is available on population numbers .\nadults perch on marginal vegetation of ponds , lakes , pools , sloughs , swamps and streams ; female oviposits on twigs 1 - 2 inches above water ( ris 1930 ) . larva described by santos ( 1970 ) .\npresent in protected areas : reserva biologica la selva , heredia province , costa rica , parque nacional soberania , canal zone , panama , parque nacional manu , madre de dios department , peru , reserva de limoncocha , napo province , ecuador ( dunkle 1982 , donnelly 1992 , louton et al . 1996 , d . r . paulson pers . comm . 2006 ) .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\nthis small , colorful skimmer is quick and alert . the length of the body varies from 0 . 8 to 1 . 0 inches . the thorax generally is brown with short , thin dorsal stripes and yellowish side spots . the abdomen is short and stout with variable patterns , either not striped or with narrow brown stripes . the abdomen for the male has an orange tint to it . the male ' s wings are tinted amber with yellow veins and red stigmas ( near the tips of wings ) . the female ' s wings are variable with brown spots and red stigmas . the face is yellowish . the legs are yellowish with black spines .\nthis species is common throughout eastern and central united states , from maine to arizona . eastern amberwings like permanent still or slowly moving waters such as ponds , lakes , ditches , and stream pools , but not bogs . it is widely distributed and fairly common throughout much of wisconsin .\nshading illustrates monthly percentages of the total flight season records for the species . each flight season record is a unique date / location / observer combination where one or more adult or an exuvia was recorded ( excludes nymphs ) . the actual number of flight season records for each month is shown in parentheses . flight seasons begin earlier in the southern part of the state , often by a week or more . also , flight charts may not be accurate for rare species because of few data available .\nthis site is produced in conjunction with the wisconsin aquatic and terrestrial resources inventory and sponsored by the wisconsin department of natural resources . the information presented on this site is subject to the wisconsin department of natural resources ' legal notices , disclaimers , and terms of use .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nthis is a small species with a brown thorax . there are two wide greenish stripes laterally and middorsally on the thorax . males have orange or amber wings that usually develop a brown spot above the triangles . females have variously shaped brown spots or stripes through the amber areas . both sexes have red pterostigmata . the abdomen is narrowed basally , but thick thereafter and brown with a dark row of chevrons dorsally .\ntotal length : 19 - 25 mm ; abdomen : 12 - 16 mm ; hindwing : 16 - 21 mm .\nslough amberwing ( p . domitia ) has dark brown stripes , not chevrons , dorsally on the abdomen . other skimmers with amber in wings are significantly larger .\nthis small dragonfly has been well studied . it has an elaborate courtship behavior . males come to the water ' s edge early in the morning in search of a territory . they then patrol and defend these territories , as potential egg laying sites , where they regularly perch on emergent sticks or twigs . these small territories , less than 5 square m , are only accepted by the male if he is not disturbed and there is no competition from other males . females appear and are courted by the male . he will fly out to her and lead her back to his prospective oviposition site , hovering with his abdomen turned up . upon acceptance by the female , signaled by a slower wing beat , the pair perch on a twig and mate , taking 20 - 30 sec . females then la y eggs either accompanied by the male or alone and guarded . females tap the abdomen against sticks or twigs within the oviposition area , attaching to it a gelatinous mass just above the waterline . the clumps of eggs released into water seem to explode into individual eggs as the clump drifts downward through the water . both sexes of this group mimic wasps by perching at the ends of grasses or weeds and , while beating their wings , pump the abdomen up and down . females also fly with the hindwings held together vertically with the abdomen bent up . females with more darkly pigmented wings tend to select the more favorable oviposition sites such as logs or sticks , and the lighter pigmented females select less favorable patches of floating vegetation . andromorphic females , with diffusely amber wings , are occasionally reported . one study found that males that were prevented from mating were much more likely to change potential oviposition sites the following day than males that were allowed t o mate , possibly implying that males use their reproductive success to determine the quality of oviposition sites .\npermissions to use , copy and distribute documents delivered from this server , with the exception of photographs and content related to the dragonfly society of the americas , is hereby granted with restrictions . odonatacentral should be cited in all cases where the content is used . click here for restrictions of use and the correct citation . questions and comments about this site can be sent to jabbott1 @ urltoken .\nthe male eastern amberwing shown here was in the davis mountains , jeff davis co . , texas , in june , 2005 . this shot was taken with a canon eos 1d mark ii and ef 600mm f / 4 l is lens and 2x extender and 580 flash .\nthe next three shots show male eastern amberwings at austin , travis co . , texas , in august , 2007 . these shots were taken with a canon eos 1d mark iii and the same lens and flash as the previous images .\nthe next two shots of a male eastern amberwing were taken in austin , texas , in july , 2008 , with the same gear as previously described .\nthe shot shown here shows a teneral female eastern amberwing that has just recently emerged . this image was taken in may , 2009 , at buescher state park , bastrop co . , texas with a canon eos 1d mark iii and ef 300mm f / 4 l is lens and 2x extender and 580 flash .\nthe female eastern amberwing shown here was in austin , travis co . , texas , in august , 2009 . this image was taken with a canon eos 1d mark iii and an ef 300mm f / 4 l is lens and 2x extender and 580 flash .\nthe female eastern amberwing shown here was in victoria , victoria co . , texas , in november , 2009 . a canon eos 1d mark iii and an ef 300mm f / 4 l is lens and 2x extender and 580 flash was used for this image .\nthe female eastern amberwing on the right was at a small pond on the caddo national grasslands , fannin co . , texas , in june , 2011 .\nthe male eastern amberwing on the right was in cameron , milam co . , texas , in september , 2011 . this shot was taken with a canon eos 1d mark iv and a sigma 50 - 500mm lens and canon 580 flash .\nyou came across this error because the pageyou were trying to visit does not exist .\nwe ' ve recently redesigned the site so old links may not work . have a look at some of these changes .\nyou may want to update your bookmarks or try to find the updated information using the links below . if you are still unable to find the information you are looking for , please contact the webmaster using the information below .\nfaculties / academics - find links to all faculties , departments and other academic resources e . g . handbooks , prospectus\nmedia centre - find media relations information here eg . news releases , events and announcements information\nprogrammes - view the faculty booklets containing the programmes available at the st . augustine campus\nresearch & innovation - view the cutting - edge research being done at the st . augustine campus\ncopyright 2015 the university of the west indies st . augustine , trinidad and tobago\nour 7 faculties , professional schools offer more than 200 programs to some 15 , 000 graduate , undergraduate and continuing studies students .\nthe uwi , st . augustine ranks first in trinidad and tobago among accredited tertiary - level programmes ."]}
{"id": 2416, "summary": [{"text": "lygropia tripunctata , the sweetpotato leafroller , is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by fabricius in 1794 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in the united states , where it has been recorded from texas to south carolina and florida .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "outside of the states , it is found from the west indies and central america to brazil .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 26 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the wings are light yellowish with a dark greyish-brown band along the costa and then along the outer margin of both the fore - and hindwings .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there are two black dots along the costa .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "there is a dark discal spot on the hindwings .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from march to october in the united states .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on turbina corymbosa , merremia umbellata and ipomoea species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "lygropia tripunctata", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nmeaning marked with three . this refers to the three dark marks along the forewing costa .\ndark grayish - brown band along the costa that continues along the outer margin of both forewing and hindwing , being widest at the apex .\ntwo black spots along the costa with the larger one at the middle of the costa . the smaller spot is half way between the larger and the wing base .\ncompare to others on the archived photos of living moths and pinned plates of moth photographers group .\nfabricius , j . c . 1794 : entomologica systematica emendata et aucta . secundum classes , ordines , genera , species adiectis synonymis , locis , observationibus , descriptionibus . \u2013 c . g . proft et c . f . mohr , hafniae et kiliae . 217 .\nguen\u00e9e , m . a . 1854 : delto\u00efdes et pyralites . pp . 344 - 45 . \u2013 in : boisduval , j . b . a . d . de & m . a . guen\u00e9e , histoire naturelle des insectes . species g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res 8 8 . \u2013 roret , paris .\njones , t . h . 1917 . the sweet - potato leaf - roller . united states dept . of agriculture bulletin no . 609 .\nthe sweet - potato leaf - roller , united states dept . of agriculture bulletin no . 609 . thomas h . jones . 1917 . united states dept . of agriculture .\narthropods of florida and neighboring land areas : lepidoptera of florida j . b . heppner . 2003 . florida department of agriculture 17 ( 1 ) : 1 - 670 .\ndictionary of word roots and combining forms donald j . borror . 1960 . mayfield publishing company .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 11 june , 2009 - 9 : 08am additional contributions by kyhl austin last updated 12 march , 2018 - 8 : 36pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 11 june , 2009 - 9 : 59am last updated 7 december , 2012 - 1 : 22am\nthe sweet - potato leaf - roller , united states dept . of agriculture bulletin no . 609 .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 13 february , 2013 - 3 : 38pm\ndiaphania costata ( f . ) ( lepidoptera : crambidae : spilomelinae ) , a commonly misidentified pest of ornamental apocynaceae . . .\nby hayden , j . e . , e . r . hoebeke , m . a . bertone & v . a . brou jr .\nproceedings of the entomological society of washington , 119 ( 2 ) : 173 - 190 . , 2017\nhayden , j . e . , e . r . hoebeke , m . a . bertone & v . a . brou jr , 2017 . diaphania costata ( f . ) ( lepidoptera : crambidae : spilomelinae ) , a commonly misidentified pest of ornamental apocynaceae in the southern united states . proceedings of the entomological society of washington , 119 ( 2 ) : 173 - 190 . view and download at bioone here cite : 1415021\ntaxonomic revision of the spilomelinae ( lepidoptera , pyralidae s . l . ) of the gal\u00e1pagos islands , ecuador\nkearfott , w . d . 1909 . descriptions of new species of north american crambid moths . proceedings of the united states national museum 35 : 367 - 393 .\na generic revision of the aquatic moths of north america : ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , nymphulinae ) .\nsolis m . a . , 2009 . transfer of all western hemisphere cybalomiinae to other subfamilies ( crambidae pyraloidea : lepidoptera ) : elusia schaus , dichochroma forbes , schacontia dyar , cybalomia extorris warren , and c . lojanalis ( dognin ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington . 111 : 493\u2013504 download at researchgate here\nstudies on the crambidae ( lepidoptera ) . part 41 . on some tropical crambidae with descriptions of new genera and species .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\n* access to the collection is gratefully acknowledged . for information about the collection , contact dr . john morse in clemson ' s department of entomology , soils , and plant sciences .\nweb page and photo prepared by john snyder of the department of biology at furman university . for links to thousands of north american moth photos , go to web images of north american moth species .\nfor information about lepidoptera ( butterflies and moths ) , go to the website of the lepidopterists ' society ."]}
{"id": 2434, "summary": [{"text": "eupithecia dalhousiensis is a moth in the geometridae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in afghanistan and the western himalayas ( northern pakistan and northern india ) .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 24 \u2013 29 mm for males and 30 \u2013 37 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the fore - and hindwings are pale brown to fawn .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the larvae are thought to feed on the cones of pinus species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eupithecia dalhousiensis", "paragraphs": ["vad betyder eupithecia ? h\u00e4r finner du 2 definitioner av eupithecia . du kan \u00e4ven l\u00e4gga till betydelsen av eupithecia sj\u00e4lv\neupithecia \u00e4r ett sl\u00e4kte av fj\u00e4rilar som beskrevs av curtis 1825 . eupithecia ing\u00e5r i familjen m\u00e4tare .\neupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .\nash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )\neupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .\neupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .\neupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90\u00b0 to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .\nthe larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .\nthe larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en\nexcept where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nto date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !\nif you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .\nplease consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )\nunderlying maps using digital map data \u00a9 norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola\u2122 2018 . \u00a9 james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data \u00a9 nola\u2122 2018\nhtml public\ni / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nthis article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?\nchinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .\nskinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .\nthis article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .\ncrowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .\nby using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia\u2122 is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .\ncopyright \u00a9 world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department ."]}
{"id": 2437, "summary": [{"text": "fusinus dimassai is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies . ", "topic": 2}], "title": "fusinus dimassai", "paragraphs": ["this book treats 31 species of fusinus , 4 of these new to science . new taxa : fusinus dimassai n . sp . , fusinus dimirii n . sp . , fusinus eviae n . sp . , fusinus margaritae n . sp .\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : fusinus dimassai g . buzzurro & p . russo , 2007 - id : 1972655584\nbuzzurro g . & russo p . ( 2007 ) . fusinus del mediterraneo . published by the authors , 280 p .\nbuzzurro g . & russo p . ( 2007 ) . fusinus del mediterraneo . published by the authors , 280 p . page ( s ) : 83 - 85 , 244 - 245 [ details ]\nafter more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .\nlast week - on may 30 and 31st \u2013 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .\non 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .\nthe 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to fran\u00e7ois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .\nin 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .\nthe scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nif you do not have an account yet , you can register here first .\nenter your email address and we will send you an email with your username and password .\ne - mail conchbooks office if you do not receive your email with your username and password .\nhelp us to expand this encyclopedia ! if you are logged in , you can add new subtaxa , vernacular and scientific names , texts , images or intertaxon relationships for this taxon .\nbuzzurro & russo , 2007 . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it ."]}
{"id": 2439, "summary": [{"text": "antheraea mylitta is a species of moth in the family saturniidae known commonly as the tasar silkworm and vanya silkworm .", "topic": 29}, {"text": "it is actually one of a number of tasar silkworms , species that produce tussar silk , a kind of wild silk that is made from the products of saturniid silkworms instead of the domesticated silkworm ( bombyx mori ) .", "topic": 29}, {"text": "this species is native to india .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "this species is variable , with at least 44 identified ecoraces , populations adapted to varied ecological conditions and food plants .", "topic": 13}, {"text": "ten ecoraces are used for silk production and have been studied to obtain data about their life cycles and silk characteristics .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "some ecoraces are so well differentiated that they do not interbreed in nature , though they are not genetically distinct and can be bred in captivity .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "this species feeds mainly on terminalia trees and on shorea robusta .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "it also eats many other kinds of plants , with various ecoraces specializing on certain taxa .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "other plants appearing in its diet include indian jujube ( ziziphus mauritiana ) , axlewood ( anogeissus latifolia ) , jambul ( syzygium cumini ) , kumbi ( careya arborea ) , anjan ( hardwickia binata ) , and species of teak ( tectona spp. ) and crepe myrtle ( lagerstroemia spp. ) .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "tussar silk from this and related species of wild silkworms is a different color from domesticated silkworm silk , and it is coarser and stronger , making it more favorable in some applications .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "like the domesticated silkworm , this species is susceptible to p\u00e9brine , a disease caused by microsporidian fungi in the genus nosema .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "it is lethal to the larvae .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "it is also commonly infected with the antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus ( amcpv ) , a reovirus which has been reported to destroy around 20 % of each silk crop by inducing diarrhea in the larvae , leading to a condition known as grasserie .", "topic": 4}, {"text": "natural enemies of this silkworm include the uzi fly ( blepharipa zebina ) , which is a parasitoid that uses the silkworm larvae as a food source for its maggots .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "many ecoraces are threatened due to extensive deforestation and the collection of cocoons from wild populations . ", "topic": 17}], "title": "antheraea mylitta", "paragraphs": ["silk protein fibroin from antheraea mylitta for cardiac tissue engineering . - pubmed - ncbi\nmolecular identification of tropical tasar silkworm ( antheraea mylitta ) ecoraces with rapd and scar markers .\nmolecular identification of tropical tasar silkworm ( antheraea mylitta ) ecoraces with rapd and scar markers . - pubmed - ncbi\ntable 1 - heterosis in the interspecific cross between antheraea pernyi and a . roylei\nparasitization of fifth instar tasar silkworm , antheraea mylitta , by the uzi fly , blepharipa zebina ; a host - parasitoid interaction and its effect o . . . - pubmed - ncbi\nparasitization of fifth instar tasar silkworm , antheraea mylitta , by the uzi fly , blepharipa zebina ; a host - parasitoid interaction and its effect on host ' s nutritional parameters and parasitoid development .\nthe human heart cannot regenerate after an injury . lost cardiomyocytes are replaced by scar tissue resulting in reduced cardiac function causing high morbidity and mortality . one possible solution to this problem is cardiac tissue engineering . here , we have investigated the suitability of non - mulberry silk protein fibroin from indian tropical tasar antheraea mylitta as a scaffold for engineering a cardiac patch in vitro . we have tested cell adhesion , cellular metabolic activity , response to extracellular stimuli , cell - to - cell communication and contractility of 3 - days postnatal rat cardiomyocytes on silk fibroin . our data demonstrate that a . mylitta silk fibroin exhibits similar properties as fibronectin , a component of the natural matrix for cardiomyocytes . comparison to mulberry bombyx mori silk protein fibroin shows that a . mylitta silk fibroin is superior probably due to its rgd domains . 3d scaffolds can efficiently be loaded with cardiomyocytes resulting in contractile patches . in conclusion , our findings demonstrate that a . mylitta silk fibroin 3d scaffolds are suitable for the engineering of cardiac patches .\nthe human heart cannot regenerate after an injury . lost cardiomyocytes are replaced by scar tissue resulting in reduced cardiac function causing high morbidity and mortality . one possible solution to this problem is cardiac tissue engineering . here , we have investigated the suitability of non - mulberry silk protein fibroin from indian tropical tasar antheraea mylitta as a scaffold for engineering a cardiac patch in vitro . we have tested cell adhesion , cellular metabolic activity , response to extracellular stimuli , cell - to - cell communication and contractility of 3 - days postnatal rat cardiomyocytes on silk fibroin . our data demonstrate that a . mylitta silk fibroin exhibits similar properties as fibronectin , a component of the natural matrix for cardiomyocytes . comparison to mulberry bombyx mori silk protein fibroin shows that a . mylitta silk fibroin is superior probably due to its rgd domains . 3d scaffolds can efficiently be loaded with cardiomyocytes resulting in contractile patches . in conclusion , our findings demonstrate that a . mylitta silk fibroin 3d scaffolds are suitable for the engineering of cardiac patches .\njolly , m . s . , narasimhanna , m . n . , sinha , s . s . & sen , s . k . 1969 interspecific hybridisation in antheraea . ind . j . hered . , 1 : 45 - 48 .\nwild silk is very vital biological resource and has a very crucial role in economic and social development of mankind . wild silk is better than other silks from the view point of healthcare . therefore , the book contain taxonomy of wild silkmoths , under which 9 new subspecies of antheraea mylitta have been described for avoiding confusion with ecoraces which refer to antheraea mylitta indica , a . m . jujubi , a . m . arjuni , a . m . greyi , a . m . kolhapurensis , a . m . koynei , a . m . sathei , a . m . badami and a . m . sahyadricus . the book also contains biology of wild silkmoths attacus atlas ( linn . ) , actias selene hubner and a . m . kolhapurensis . rearing techniques for a . atlas , a . selene and a . m . kolhapurensis with different food plants and their assessment by food consumption potential / cocoon characterization and development rate has given special emphasis in the book . thus , the book is unique on biodiversity of wild silkmoths and the wild silk technology which will be very helpful for students , teachers , farmers , sericulturists and researchers in india and at global scenario .\nthe tropical tasar silkworm , antheraea mylitta , has several ecoraces , 10 of which are commercially exploited for the production of tasar silk . these ecoraces are identified by morphological markers that are greatly influenced by photoperiod , humidity , altitude , and host plants . the dna markers , random amplification of polymorphic dna ( rapd ) , and sequence - characterized amplified region ( scar ) are identified to complement the existing morphological markers . seven rapd bands are selected that identify 8 of the 10 ecoraces . these identified rapd fragments are sequenced and primers are designed for scar markers . of the seven sets of primers , a single primer pair produced polymorphic scar bands that diagnose 5 of the 10 ecoraces . all 10 ecoraces are identified by the use of rapd and scar markers together .\ngenome segment 2 ( s2 ) from antheraea mylitta cypovirus ( amcpv ) was converted into cdna , cloned and sequenced . s2 consisted of 3798 nucleotides with a long orf encoding a 1116 amino acid long protein ( 123 kda ) . blast and phylogenetic analysis showed 29 % sequence identity and close relatedness of amcpv s2 with rna dependent rna polymerase ( rdrp ) of other insect cypoviruses , suggesting a common origin of all insect cypoviruses . the orf of s2 was expressed as 123 kda soluble his - tagged fusion protein in insect cells via baculovirus recombinants which exhibited rdrp activity in an in vitro rna polymerase assay without any intrinsic terminal transferase activity . maximum activity was observed at 37 \u00b0c at ph 6 . 0 in the presence of 3 mm mgcl 2 . site directed mutagenesis confirmed the importance of the conserved gdd motif . this is the first report of functional characterization of a cypoviral rdrp which may lead to the development of anti - viral agents .\nthe uzi fly , blepharipa zebina , is a well - known larval endoparasitoid of the tropical tasar silkworm , antheraea mylitta . the present study dealt with the effect of the number of maggots developing per host on host nutritional parameters , parasitoid development and reproduction . nutritional indices for ingestion , digestion , approximate digestibility , relative consumption rate , relative growth rate , and gain in body weight declined significantly with the increase in parasitoid burden , but the efficiency of conversion of digested food recorded a significant increase . the efficiency of conversion of ingested food remained little affected . the developmental period was significantly extended in larvae parasitized with 5 and 10 maggots per larva ( mpl ) . cocoon shell weight decreased by 27 - 63 . 5 % in parasitized groups ( 1 , 2 , and 5 mpl ) while larvae parasitized with 10 mpl could not spin cocoons . the maggot development period , recovery percentage , and fecundity of the uzi fly declined significantly with the increase in number of maggots developing per host .\nantheraea mylitta drury , the semi - wild silk - producing lepidopteran insect commonly known as tasar silkworm is unique to india and is distributed over a wide tropical forest range covering the states of andhra pradesh , bihar , chhattisgarh , madhya pradesh , maharashtra , orissa , and uttaranchal . the populations found in different areas are know by their specific local names and are considered as different ecotypes , but it is difficult to separate the populations on the basis of morphological and life - cycle traits and thus molecular characterization was attempted . the present communication relates to the results obtained from the analysis of polymorphism unraveled by twelve issr primers for 11 populations of a . mylitta belonging to six ecotypes and 41 individuals of railey ecotype collected from five zones of dandakarnya forest in madhya pradesh . this communication , further , presents molecular evidences on genetic differences between eleven ecotype populations and highlights the genotypic diversification of a single ecotype into further separate discrete gene pools . the canonical discriminant function analysis revealed grouping of the five populations of railey ecotype into two \u201cclumps , \u201d while accessions of other ecotypes stood separated from each other . the railey populations on detailed study , further , revealed separation of two ( tokapal and nangur ) populations into discrete gene pools and the other three ( kondagaon , darba , and tongpal ) populations , overlapped in spite of larger geographic distance between them . the analysis also identified nine markers , which can be utilized to characterize specific population and will be of help to follow the ongoing genetic changes triggered by various ecological factors and human influences on the railey ecotype .\njavascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect \u00ae is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .\nm . s . jolly , s . k . sen and m . g . das\nsilkworms are notoriously finicky eaters : they must have mulberry leaves . but not all of them . wild sericulture is traditionally practiced in india and china with silkworms which feed on the leaves of a large variety of naturally grown forest trees . the authors describe the indian tasar silk industry and the way it is being made more economic through management and the use of interspecific hybrid moths .\n) which must be fed exclusively on the leaves of white and black mulberry trees . most , but not all , commercial silk originates this way . in india , the extensive cottage industry concerned with silk weaving gets its raw material from so - called tasar silkworms that feed on the leaves of a variety of trees which grow wild in tropical , subtropical and temperate zones . for centuries indian raw silk has been gathered by the families of forest and hill tribes . the economic significance of their work can be seen in the fact that the country ' s current output of tasar silk now accounts for export earnings of us $ 4 . 4 million annually .\ntasar silk has been produced for a very long time . outside of india it may be called tusah , tussore , tusser or tussur silk . the uneven tan filaments are coarser , stronger and shorter than the normal cultivated silk and it is used in fabrics such as pongee and shantung .\na distinct belt of humid , dense forest sprawling over the central and southern plateaus at an elevation of 600 m is the home of tropical tasar . it extends through the states of bihar , madhya pradesh , orissa and maharashtra and touches the fringes of andhra pradesh , karnataka , west bengal , manipur and assam . the temperate tasar belt , at an elevation of 700 to 2200 m , on the other hand , includes the states of jammu and kashmir , uttar pradesh , himachal pradesh , meghalaya , manipur and assam , while west bengal , arunachal pradesh and nagaland rank next in importance . this oak tasar zone was established on a production basis in 1973 .\ntasar silk culture is known as wild or forest sericulture . more than a hundred thousand tribal families are at present engaged in the tropical tasar zone , and the temperate tasar zone promises full and part - time employment for about 1 million people .\nhas been exploited commercially and is the chief producer of tasar silk in the tropics . it exists in the form of nearly 20 eco - races of a uni - , bi - and trivoltine nature .\nsilk is the finest tasar silk ever produced in india , and the insect has outrun its parents both quantitatively and qualitatively ( table 1 ) .\nis abundant throughout india except in a few low - lying tracts . it ascends to the tops of high mountains and also occurs in higher coastal areas ( hairs , 1921 ) .\nq . flex , q . semicarpifolia , q . semiserrata and q . glauca\nin india the genus is distributed along the western sub - himalayan range , between altitudes of 1300 and 2200 m , and in the eastern hilly tracts at altitudes between 700 and 1600 m . both areas constitute the temperate tasar zone . in the tropical belt the tasar food plants cover an area of 7 . 7 million ha , while in the temperate zone nearly 0 . 8 million ha of oaks are available .\nthe average income per family for traditional rearers is $ 2530 per year . however , new techniques of rearing evolved at the central tasar research station at ranchi ( table 2 ) can now ensure a handsome income of about $ 250 within 40 to 45 days ( jolly , 1973 ) . similarly , the techniques of rearing evolved for the oak tasar zones have been found to be very successful .\nin the traditional practice the tasar larvae feed on irregularly distributed food plants in forests or along the embankments of paddy fields . this creates management problems resulting in losses due to pests , diseases and natural hazards . recent research carried out at ranchi has developed an economic plantation method with close spacing . a large increase in foliage productivity has been recorded with a spacing of 122 cm in either direction , and with the kind of record yields of 17 . 2 tons per ha now being achieved a net return of $ 497 . 50 per ha per year ( table . 3 ) through tasar culture can be anticipated , even under rainfed conditions where the soil fertility is submarginal ( des\nthis type of economic plantation would invariably reduce the amount of labour required , since overlapping twigs will permit the silkworms to move from one plant to another instead of being transferred by hand .\nthe tasar industry provides democratic tremendous scope for future extension in many parts of the world . the species of\nare widely distributed in indo - australian and palaeoarctic regions extending eastward from india to the philippines through viet nam and also dispersed throughout democratic kampuchea ; southeastward to australia through sri lanka , singapore , malaysia , indonesia and new guinea ; northeastward to china , japan and amurland ( u . s . s . r . ) and westward to the united states and latin america . nearly 36 species and 40 forms are known in these regions .\nconsists of about 250 species found within sri lanka , india , burma , lao , democratic : kampuchea and some parts of viet nam , and also extends through indonesia , malaysia and new guinea up to australia . some of its species are also reported in the african continent . the genus\nis a very large genus of some 300 species growing throughout the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere extending to the tropics of latin america in the west and malaysia in the east .\nit is to be noted that out of this vast trasure of tasar flora , only 1015 percent have been examined with reference to the tasar industry in india , while out of numerous tasar insect species and forms only three or four have been put to use .\nthe main tasar silk - producing countries of the world today are china and india . india ranks after china , with an annual production of about 400 tons of tasar raw silk and 200 tons of silk waste ( jolly\ntasar silk has appeared in the export market quite recently . the export figure reached us $ 2 . 6 million in 1973 . the major markets are the federal republic of germany , the united states and japan . foreign exchange earned through the export of tasar silk waste in 1973 was $ 1 . 8 million .\nthe forests which provide food for tasar silkworms are now being utilized in india mainly for fuel and timber , which are of less economic importance than the returns from silk . if these forests were completely diverted to tasar silk production they could provide a significant increase in income for a vulnerable section of society , as has already been shown . there would also be environmental benefits .\nwoodlands utilized for tasar silk production are protected from deforestation , which in turn benefits soil and watershed conservation and management . wherever tasar culture is practiced , the trees are better cared for in general . silkworm excrete and dead remains also enrich the quality of the soil .\nthe hundred thousand tribal families engaged in tasar silk production in the traditional belt are a very small percentage of the total tribal population in india . the temperate zone of india alone can provide employment for nearly 1 million people .\nwe believe that we have shown during the past 10 years at our research station that the tasar silk industry has a significant agri - silvicultural potential for many forest - rich developing countries , and in particular for countries which wish to create employment and raise the standard of living of forest - dwelling peoples who may be lagging behind the rest of the country .\njolly , m . s . 1970 oak oriented tasar culture in the offing .\njolly , m . s . 1974 new dimensions of tasar industry in india .\njolly , m . s . , chaturvedi , s . n . & prasad , s . 1968 a survey of tasar crops in india .\n, p . 1 - 17 and 86 - 106 . 1st edition . bombay , ambika publishers .\na . pernyi g . m . proc . xii international silk congress , barcelona .\n< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ manual / evidences\n> more . . . < / a > < / p >\nhelp pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .\nyou are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .\n< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the \u2018basket\u2019 to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >\n< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =\n/ help / sequence - searches\n> more . . < / a > < / p >\nwe ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe\u2019s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .\n118th insect fair frankfurt am main , germany . 118 . insektenb\u00f6rse frankfurt am main , deutschland .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\npatra c 1 , talukdar s , novoyatleva t , velagala sr , m\u00fchlfeld c , kundu b , kundu sc , engel fb .\ndepartment of cardiac development and remodelling , max - planck - institute for heart and lung research , parkstrasse 1 , 61231 bad nauheim , germany .\ncentral tasar research and training institute , piska nagri , ranchi - 835 303 , jharkhand , india . ssrathlee @ urltoken\ndepartment of biotechnology , indian institute of technology , kharagpur , 721302 , india .\nthese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .\njolly , m . s . , sen , s . k . , and ashan , m . m . ,\n, ranchi , india : central tasar res . training inst . , 1972 .\nakai , h . , nagashima , t . , and aoyagi , s . , ultrastructure of posterior silk gland cells and liquid silk in indian tasar silkworm ,\nsiddique , a . a . , chatterjee , s . n . , goel , a . k . , and sengupta , a . k . , genetic divergence in tasar silkworm\nthnagavelu , k . and sinha , a . k . , population ecology of\n, akai , h . , kato , y . , kiuchi , m . , and inouch , j . , eds . , tsukuba , japan : int . soc . wild silkmoths , nat . inst . sericult . entomol . sci . , 1992 , pp . 87 - 92 .\nalam , m . o . , suresh , m . r . , and sit , s . c . , survey , collection and characterization of modal ecorace of indian wild silk insect\nfang , d . q . and roose , m . l . , identification of closely related\ntsumura , y . , ohba , k . , and strauss , s . h . , diversity and inheritance of inter - simple sequence repeat polymorphisms in douglas fir (\nnagaoko , t . and ogihara , y . , applicability of inter - simple sequence repeat polymorphisms in wheat for use as dna markers comparison to rflp and rapd markers ,\nreddy , d . k . , nagaraju , j . , and abraham , e . g . , genetic characterization of the silkworm\nramkumar rao , k . v . s . and mohobia , g . p . , studies on grainage behavior of nature - grown raily ecorace under natural and captive conditions ,\nsingh , b . m . k . and srivastava , a . k . , ecoraces of\n, ranchi : central tasar res . training inst . , 1997 , base paper 6 : 39 .\nsinha , a . k . and naqni , a . h . , need for maintenance of germplasm of non - mulberry silkworm , in\n, ranchi : central tasar res . training inst . , 1997 , base paper 7 : 16 .\nkantety , r . v . , zhang , x . , bennetzen , j . l . , and zehr , b . z . , assessment of genetic diversity in dent and popcorn (\nprovost , a . and wilkinson , m . j . , a new system of comparing pcr primers applied to issr fingerprinting of potato cultivars ,\nchatterjee , s . n . , mohandas , t . p . , and tanushree , t . ,\nzietkiewics , e . , rafalski , a . , and labuda , d . , genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeats ( ssr ) - anchored amplification ,\nbreto , m . p . , ruiz , c . , pina , j . a . , and asins , m . j . , diversification of\nculley , t . m . and wolfe , a . d . , population genetic structure of the cleistogamous plant species\nbreto , m . p . , ruiz , c . , pina , j . a . , and asins , m . j . ,\ncharlesworth , d . and wright , s . , breeding system and genome evolution ,\nrao , k . v . s . , ramkumar , mahobia , g . p . ,\nchatterjee , s . n . , vijayan , k . , roy , g . c . et al . russian journal of genetics ( 2004 ) 40 : 152 . urltoken\nall content on this website , including dictionary , thesaurus , literature , geography , and other reference data is for informational purposes only . this information should not be considered complete , up to date , and is not intended to be used in place of a visit , consultation , or advice of a legal , medical , or any other professional .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nwild silk technology : r . k . & sathe t . v . kavane : 9789351242338 : urltoken books\nenter your mobile number or email address below and we ' ll send you a link to download the free kindle app . then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone , tablet , or computer - no kindle device required .\norder now and we ' ll deliver when available . we ' ll e - mail you with an estimated delivery date as soon as we have more information . your account will only be charged when we ship the item .\nin fiction , nonfiction , mysteries , children ' s books , and much more .\nprime members enjoy free two - day shipping and exclusive access to music , movies , tv shows , original audio series , and kindle books .\nafter viewing product detail pages , look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in ."]}
{"id": 2457, "summary": [{"text": "eugnosta mexicana is a species of moth of the family tortricidae .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , colorado , new mexico and utah .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 17 \u2013 20 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from june to august . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eugnosta mexicana", "paragraphs": ["eugnosta mexicana ( busck , 1907 ) , formerly placed in the genus carolella , razowski ( 2009 ) , was number 3786 in the 1983 hodges checklist .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 20 . 14m ; p . 158 . book review and ordering\nrazowski , j . , 2009 . review tortricidae of the palaearctic region , volume 2 : cochylini 1 - 195 .\npale gray forewing ; nqarrow triangular , brownish - tinged , with a bold , darker gray brown fascia bordered by white , from the middorsal margin toward the end of the cell .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\non sheet with uv black light . i think this one does need a species page .\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nargyrolepia stephens , 1829 , syst . cat . br . insects ( 2 ) : 190 . type species : tortrix lathoniana h\u00fcbner [ 1799 - 1800 ] .\nsafra walker , 1863 , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus . 27 : 195 . type species : safra metaphaeella walker , 1863 .\ncarolella busck , 1939 ( replacement name for pharmacis h\u00fcbner , 1823 ) . ( synonymized by razowski , 2011 : 404 )\n, 2010 : review of east african cochylini ( lepidoptera , tortricidae ) with description of new species .\n, 2012 : the lepidoptera of white sands national monument 5 : two new species of cochylini ( lepidoptera , tortricidae , tortricinae ) .\n, 2011 : diagnoses and remarks on genera of tortricidae , 2 : cochylini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .\n, 2002 : systematic and faunistic data on neotropical cochylini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , with descriptions of new species . part . 1 .\n2010 : an annotated catalogue of the types of tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) in the collection of the royal museum for central africa ( tervuren , belgium ) with descriptions of new genera and new species .\n, 2013 : an illustrated catalogue of the specimens of tortricidae in the iziko south african museum , cape town ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .\nthis article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 9 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files ."]}
{"id": 2458, "summary": [{"text": "loukozoa ( from greek loukos : groove ) is a paraphyletic taxon used in some classifications of excavate protists .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the largest group within loukozoa is the \" jakobids \" .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "loukozoa , however , also includes malawimonas .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "although jakobids and malawimonas look rather similar , they are not specifically related to one another within excavata , and loukozoa is a paraphyletic group .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "furthermore , molecular phylogenetic evidence suggests strongly that jakobids are instead most closely related to heterolobosea and euglenozoa . ", "topic": 6}], "title": "loukozoa", "paragraphs": ["the excavate protozoan phyla metamonada grass\u00e9 emend . ( anaeromonadea , parabasalia , carpediemonas , eopharyngia ) and loukozoa emend . ( jakobea , malawi . . . - pubmed - ncbi\nthe excavate protozoan phyla metamonada grass\u00e9 emend . ( anaeromonadea , parabasalia , carpediemonas , eopharyngia ) and loukozoa emend . ( jakobea , malawimonas ) : their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa .\nmicrobiology society journals | the excavate protozoan phyla metamonada grass\u00e9 emend . ( anaeromonadea , parabasalia , carpediemonas , eopharyngia ) and loukozoa emend . ( jakobea , malawimonas ) : their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa\ncavalier - smith , t . ( 2013 ) . early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes , cell structural diversity , and classification of the protozoan phyla loukozoa , sulcozoa , and choanozoa . < em > european journal of protistology . < / em > 49 ( 2 ) : 115 - 178 .\nguiry , m . d . & guiry , g . m . ( 2018 ) . algaebase . world - wide electronic publication , national university of ireland , galway ( taxonomic information republished from algaebase with permission of m . d . guiry ) . loukozoa . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 582163 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nhampl , vladimir ; hug , laura ; leigh , jessica w . ; dacks , joel b . ; lang , b . franz ; simpson , alastair g . b . ; roger , andrew j .\nproceedings of the national academy of sciences , volume 106 , issue 10 , 2009 , pp . 3859 - 3864\n< ? xml version =\n1 . 0\nencoding =\nutf - 8\n? > < event > < eventlog > < portalid > sgm < / portalid > < sessionid > qdddmyxxevhvre - qrusf8je1 . x - sgm - live - 02 < / sessionid > < useragent > python / 3 . 5 aiohttp / 3 . 3 . 2 < / useragent > < identityid > guest < / identityid > < identity _ list > guest < / identity _ list > < ipaddress > 35 . 193 . 232 . 217 < / ipaddress > < eventtype > personalisation < / eventtype > < createdon > 1531163819234 < / createdon > < / eventlog > < eventlogproperty > < item _ id > urltoken < / item _ id > < type > favourite < / type > < / eventlogproperty > < / event >\n< ? xml version =\n1 . 0\nencoding =\nutf - 8\n? > < event > < eventlog > < portalid > sgm < / portalid > < sessionid > qdddmyxxevhvre - qrusf8je1 . x - sgm - live - 02 < / sessionid > < useragent > python / 3 . 5 aiohttp / 3 . 3 . 2 < / useragent > < identityid > guest < / identityid > < identity _ list > guest < / identity _ list > < ipaddress > 35 . 193 . 232 . 217 < / ipaddress > < eventtype > personalisation < / eventtype > < createdon > 1531163819243 < / createdon > < / eventlog > < eventlogproperty > < item _ id > urltoken < / item _ id > < type > recommendtolibrary < / type > < / eventlogproperty > < / event >\nwelcome to professor martha e . trujillo from the university of salamanca , spain , who has become the new editor - in - chief\nread a collection of articles for world microbiome day , from the microbiology society and the british society for immunology .\nproposed minimal standards for the use of genome data in prokaryote taxonomy published in ijsem .\nread our top tips on how you can promote your research and help it to reach more people .\ninternational journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology , formerly international journal of systematic bacteriology ( ijsb ) , is the official journal of record for novel prokaryotic taxa . it is the official publication of the international committee on systematics of prokaryotes and the bacteriology and applied microbiology division of the international union of microbiological societies . international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology is published by the microbiology society , a learned society that promotes microbiology at all levels .\neditor - in - chief : professor martha e . trujillo , university of salamanca , spain\nwe would like to apologise to all those who may have received an email which was sent accidentally from our submission system , with the subject line & apos ; misc . email & apos ; .\nearlier this year international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology ( ijsem ) sponsored the annual meeting for bergey & apos ; s international society for microbial systematics ( bismis 2018 ) in johannesburg , south africa . following the conference we caught up with the winners to ask them about their work .\nwe would like to thank all those who gave their time and expertise to review papers submitted for publication in international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology in 2017 .\ninternational journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology ( ijsem ) will soon be asking authors to provide genome sequencing data with descriptions of novel taxa in taxonomic descriptions .\nextending the ecological distribution of desmonostoc genus : proposal of desmonostoc salinum sp . nov . , a novel cyanobacteria from a saline\u2013alkaline lake\nthis meeting will focus on recent advances and future priorities of testate amoeba research . it will take place 10\u201314 september at riddel hall , belfast , uk .\njoin the microbiology society and become part of the largest microbiology community in europe . members receive a range of benefits including a discount on the openmicrobiology fee when publishing open access with our journals .\n< ? xml version =\n1 . 0\nencoding =\nutf - 8\n? > < event > < eventlog > < portalid > sgm < / portalid > < sessionid > ciu2p2qybfwx5q0hfvhm6p3k . x - sgm - live - 03 < / sessionid > < useragent > python / 3 . 5 aiohttp / 3 . 3 . 2 < / useragent > < identityid > guest < / identityid > < identity _ list > guest < / identity _ list > < ipaddress > 35 . 193 . 232 . 217 < / ipaddress > < eventtype > personalisation < / eventtype > < createdon > 1531165321163 < / createdon > < / eventlog > < eventlogproperty > < item _ id > urltoken < / item _ id > < type > favourite < / type > < / eventlogproperty > < / event >\n< ? xml version =\n1 . 0\nencoding =\nutf - 8\n? > < event > < eventlog > < portalid > sgm < / portalid > < sessionid > ciu2p2qybfwx5q0hfvhm6p3k . x - sgm - live - 03 < / sessionid > < useragent > python / 3 . 5 aiohttp / 3 . 3 . 2 < / useragent > < identityid > guest < / identityid > < identity _ list > guest < / identity _ list > < ipaddress > 35 . 193 . 232 . 217 < / ipaddress > < eventtype > personalisation < / eventtype > < createdon > 1531165321201 < / createdon > < / eventlog > < eventlogproperty > < item _ id > urltoken < / item _ id > < type > recommendtolibrary < / type > < / eventlogproperty > < / event >\n/ docserver / preview / fulltext / ijsem / 53 / 6 / 1741 - 1 . gif\nand eopharyngia ( diplomonads , enteromonads , retortamonads ) constitute a holophyletic group , for which the existing name trichozoa is adopted as a new subphylum . ancestrally , trichozoa probably had hydrogenosomes , stacked golgi dictyosomes , three anterior centrioles and one posterior centriole : the typical tetrakont pattern . it is also argued that the closest relatives of trichozoa are anaeromonada (\n( with a new family and order also ) and diphyllatea classis nov . , for diphylleida (\n) , is transferred back to apusozoa . a new class , order and family are established for the anaerobic , biciliate , tricentriolar\nis sister to eopharyngia , diverging before their ancestor lost hydrogenosomes and acquired a cytopharynx . removal of anaeromonads and\nthis paper was presented at the xivth meeting of the international society for evolutionary protistology in vancouver , canada , 19\u201324 june 2002 .\narchibald , j . m . , o ' kelly , c . j . & doolittle , w . f .\nthe chaperonin genes of jakobid and jakobid - like flagellates : implications for eukaryotic evolution .\nbaldauf , s . l . , roger , a . j . , wenk - siefert , i . & doolittle , w . f .\n( larsen & patterson , 1990 ) n . comb . ( retortamonadida , protista ) .\n, pp . 166\u2013189 . edited by j . r . green & b . s . c . leadbeater . london : taylor & francis .\n) form a new family of flagellates ( collodictyonidae ) with tubular mitochondrial cristae that is phylogenetically distant from other flagellate groups .\n, pp . 893\u2013916 . edited by w . schwemmler & h . e . a . schenk . berlin : de gruyter .\n, pp . 465\u2013493 . edited by w . b . amos & j . g . duckett . cambridge : cambridge university press .\n, pp . 1027\u20131034 . edited by w . schwemmler & h . e . a . schenk . berlin : de gruyter .\n, symposium of the british mycological society no . 13 , pp . 339\u2013353 . edited by a . d . m . rayner , c . m . brasier & d . moore . cambridge : cambridge university press .\n, pp . 175\u2013179 . edited by s . p . parker . new york : mcgraw - hill .\n, pp . 113\u2013131 . edited by d . j . patterson & j . larsen . oxford : clarendon press .\n, pp . 79\u2013106 . edited by h . hartman & k . matsuno . singapore : world scientific publishers .\n, pp . 399\u2013406 . edited by h . ishikawa , m . ishida & s . sato . tu\u0308bingen : tu\u0308bingen university press .\namoeboflagellates and mitochondrial cristae in eukaryotic evolution : megasystematics of the new protozoan subkingdoms eozoa and neozoa .\nprinciples of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis : euglenoid , dinoflagellate , and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree .\n, pp . 361\u2013390 . edited by j . r . green & b . s . c . leadbeater . london : taylor & francis .\nthe neomuran origin of archaebacteria , the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification .\ngenome reduction and evolution of novel genetic membranes and protein - targeting machinery in eukaryote - eukaryote chimaeras ( meta - algae ) .\ncavalier - smith , t . & chao , e . e . - y .\nmolecular phylogeny of centrohelid heliozoa , a novel lineage of bikont eukaryotes that arose by ciliary loss .\nan interim utilitarian ( \u201cuser friendly\u201d ) hierarchical classification and characterisation of the protists .\na complex microbiota from snowball earth times : microfossils from the neoproterozoic kingston peak formation , death valley , usa .\nedgcomb , v . , viscogliosi , e . , simpson , a . g . b . , delgado - viscogliosi , p . , roger , a . j . & sogin , m . l .\nevolutionary relationships among \u201cjakobid\u201d flagellates as indicated by alpha - and beta - tubulin phylogenies .\nn . g . , n . sp . ( parabasalia ) and its relationship to amitochondrial protists .\n( ruinen ) n . gen . , a new type of filter feeding flagellate from marine plankton .\nn . g . , n . sp . , a new freshwater heterotrophic flagellate .\nan insect molecular clock dates the origin of the insects and accords with palaeontological and biogeographic landmarks .\ngerbod , d . , edgcomb , v . p . , noel , c . , zenner , l . , wintjens , r . , delgado - viscogliosi , p . , holder , m . e . , sogin , m . l . & viscogliosi , e .\nclasse des zooflagelle\u0301s : zooflagellata ou zoomastigina ( euflagellata claus 1887 ) . ge\u0301neralite\u0301s . in\n, vol . 1 , fasc . 1 , pp . 574\u2013578 . edited by p . - p . grasse\u0301 . paris : masson ( in french ) .\n, p . 187 . edited by p . de puytorac & j . grain . clermont - ferrand : universite\u0301 de clermont .\nchaperonin 60 phylogeny provides further evidence for secondary loss of mitochondria among putative early - branching eukaryotes .\nishida , k . , green , b . r . & cavalier - smith , t .\ndiversification of a chimaeric algal group , the chlorarachniophytes : phylogeny of nuclear and nucleomorph small - subunit rrna genes .\nlang , b . f . , o ' kelly , c . , nerad , t . , gray , m . w . & burger , g .\n, pp . 69\u201394 . the systematics association special volume series 59 . edited by b . s . c . leadbeater & j . c . green . london : taylor & francis .\no ' kelly , c . j . & nerad , t . a .\no ' kelly , c . j . , farmer , m . a . & nerad , t . a .\nthe heterolobosea ( sarcodina : rhizopoda ) , a new class uniting the schizopyrenida and the acrasidae ( acrasida ) .\n, pp . 17\u201333 . edited by g . brugerolle & j . - p . mignot . clermont - ferrand : universite\u0301 blaise pascal de clermont ferrand .\n, pp . 25\u201356 . edited by g . h . coombs , k . vickerman , m . a . sleigh & a . warren . london : kluwer .\nphilippe , h . , lopez , p . , brinkmann , h . , budin , k . , germot , a . , laurent , j . , moreira , d . , muller , m . & le guyader , h .\nearly - branching or fast - evolving eukaryotes ? an answer based on slowly evolving positions .\nroger , a . j . , svard , s . g . , tovar , j . , graham clark , c . , smith , m . w . , gillin , f . d . & sogin , m . l .\n: evidence that diplomonads once harbored an endosymbiont related to the progenitor of mitochondria .\nretortamonad flagellates are closely related to diplomonads \u2013 implications for the history of mitochondrial function in eukaryote evolution .\nsimpson , a . g . b . , radek , r . , dacks , j . b . & o ' kelly , c . j .\n. edited by r . s . k . barnes . oxford : blackwell scientific .\n, pp . 185\u2013204 . edited by d . j . patterson & j . larsen . oxford : clarendon press .\nvan der giezen , m . , slotboom , d . j . , horner , d . s . , dyal , p . l . , harding , m . , xue , g . p . , embley , t . m . & kunji , e . r .\nconserved properties of hydrogenosomal and mitochondrial adp / atp carriers : a common origin for both organelles .\n, pp . 270\u2013287 . edited by l . margulis , j . o . corliss , m . melkonian & d . chapman , boston : jones & bartlett .\n/ content / journal / ijsem / 10 . 1099 / ijs . 0 . 02548 - 0\n/ deliver / fulltext / ijsem / 53 / 6 / ijs531741 . html ? itemid = / content / journal / ijsem / 10 . 1099 / ijs . 0 . 02548 - 0 & mimetype ; = html & fmt ; = ahah\nruggiero ma , gordon dp , orrell tm , bailly n , bourgoin t , brusca rc , et al . ( 2015 ) a higher level classification of all living organisms . plos one 10 ( 4 ) : e0119248 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0119248 . pmid : 25923521\nthis page was last edited on 15 november 2017 , at 06 : 25 .\ntext is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\njavascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .\nparent taxon : excavata according to m . a . ruggiero et al . 2015\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 / / en\nurltoken\n152 , 260 species and infraspecific names are in the database , 20 , 704 images , 58 , 813 bibliographic items , 390 , 023 distributional records .\nstaurodesmus phimus var . convexus ( prescott & a . m . scott ) teiling\nwebsite contents \u00a9 1996 - 2018 m . d . guiry . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\nint j syst evol microbiol . 2003 nov ; 53 ( pt 6 ) : 1741 - 58 .\ndepartment of zoology , university of oxford , south parks road , oxford ox1 3ps , uk .\nour website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .\ncavalier - smith , t . ( 1999 ) . principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis : euglenoid , dinoflagellate , and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree , 2 . < em > the journal of eukaryotic microbiology . < / em > 46 ( 4 ) : 347 - 366 .\nruggiero , m . a . ; gordon , d . p . ; orrell , t . m . ; bailly , n . ; bourgoin , t . ; brusca , r . c . ; cavalier - smith , t . ; guiry , m . d . ; kirk , p . m . ( 2015 ) . a higher level classification of all living organisms . < em > plos one . < / em > 10 ( 4 ) : e0119248 . 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0119248"]}
{"id": 2462, "summary": [{"text": "eteobalea isabellella is a moth in the cosmopterigidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in spain , france , italy , corsica , the balkan peninsula , turkey and north africa .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 14 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing from may to early october in two generations per year . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "eteobalea isabellella", "paragraphs": ["eteobalea isabellella | 05 / 09 / 14 - croatia . | ben sale | flickr\neteobalea is a genus of moth in the family cosmopterigidae . it is treated as a synonym of stagmatophora by some authors .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ncountry : europe wingspan : 13 . 0 ( mm ) photo by : paul jenkins\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\n& koster , j . c . ( sjaak ) sinev , sergej yu .\n2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by & koster , j . c . ( sjaak ) sinev , sergej yu\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license\npesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi\nthe source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .\nwould you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .\nit will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .\ni use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .\nof perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .\nbasis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia\u00ae is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nencyclo . co . uk , online since 2007 , is a search engine for english meanings and definitions . the website aims to publish all wordlists , big and small , on the internet , making it much easier to find the word you need . follow us on facebook"]}
{"id": 2466, "summary": [{"text": "cecidothyris pexa is a species of moth of the thyrididae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in south africa and tanzania .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan of this species is 25 \u2013 34 mm . ", "topic": 9}], "title": "cecidothyris pexa", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ngabon , kangwe , ogove river , leg . a . c . good .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide bm 10627\u2642 , cmp ; paratypes 9\u2642 , 1\u2640 , cmp , bmnh .\nwhalley p . e . s . 1971 . the thyrididae ( lepidoptera ) of africa and its islands . a taxonomic and zoogeographic study . - bulletin of the british museum of natural history ( entomology ) suppl . 17 : 1\u2013198 , pls . 1\u201368 .\nwhalley p . e . s . 1976 . tropical leaf moths . a monograph of the subfamily striglininae ( lepidoptera : thyrididae ) . - \u2014 : 1\u2013195 , pls . 1\u201368 .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\nhampson g . f . 1906b . on new thyrididae and pyralidae . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 7 ) 17 ( 97 ) : 112\u2014147 ; ( 98 ) : 189\u2014222 ; ( 99 ) : 253\u2014269 ; ( 100 ) : 344\u2014359 .\nwhalley p . e . s . 1971 . the thyrididae ( lepidoptera ) of africa and its islands . a taxonomic and zoogeographic study . - bulletin of the british museum of natural history ( entomology ) suppl . 17 : 1\u2014198 , pls . 1\u201468 .\naurivillius c . 1910a . tres lepidopteros novos da africa portuguesa . - broteria 9 ( 3 ) : 159\u2014162 , pl . vii .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\njavascript is turned off in your web browser . please turn it on to take full advantage of arctos , or try our html specimensearch option .\ntaxon name is the\nnamestring\nor\nscientific name ,\nthe\ndata\nthat is used to form identifications and the core of every taxonomy record .\ntaxon term is the data value of either a classification term (\nanimalia\n) or classification metadata ( such as name authors ) .\nterm type is the rank (\nkingdom\n) for classification terms , in which role it may be null , and the label for classification metadata (\nauthor text\n) .\nsource indicates the source of a classification ( not a taxon name ) . some classifications are local ; most come from globalnames .\ncommon names are vernacular term associated with taxon names , and are not necessarily english , correct , or common .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .\nnamibia , brandberg , wasserfallfl\u00e4che , 1940 m , 22 . iii . 2001 , leg . w . mey .\nholotype \u2642 , genitalia slide thiele 03102\u2642 , nmnw ; paratypes 9\u2642 , genitalia slide thiele 03103\u2642 , zmhb , coll . thiele .\nthiele j . h . r . 2004 . thyrididae ( lepidoptera , thyridoidea ) . \u2013 in : mey , z . ( ed . ) the lepidoptera of the brandberg massif in namibia . - esperiana memoir 1 : 209\u2013213 .\nblabbing , pretty pictures , clutter etc . / / / art blog / clothing blog / elderkin . eman @ urltoken\nsearch their arrest records , driving records , contact information , photos and more . . .\ncopyright 2018 peekyou . com . a patent pending people search process . all rights reserved .\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more"]}
{"id": 2479, "summary": [{"text": "amphizoa lecontei is a species of aquatic beetle .", "topic": 27}, {"text": "adults have a body length between 11-16mm .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "its elytron has a distinct carina on fifth interval .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "found in western north america , especially in the rocky mountains .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "its common name is \" trout-stream beetle \" .", "topic": 25}, {"text": "its synonym is amphizoa carinata . ", "topic": 21}], "title": "amphizoa lecontei", "paragraphs": ["html public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nproceedings of the california academy of sciences , vol . 44 , no . 6\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ncontributed by phillip harpootlian on 18 december , 2008 - 12 : 02pm additional contributions by mike quinn , t . loh last updated 5 april , 2016 - 6 : 24pm\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nnew evidence on the phylogeny and biogeography of the amphizoidae : discovery of a new species from china ( coleoptera ) .\ncitation : peiyu , y . , and n . e . stork . 1991 . new evidence onthe phylogeny and biogeography of the amphizoidae : discovery of a new species from china ( coleoptera ) . syst . entomol . 16 ( 2 ) : 253 - 256 .\na systematic review of amphizoid beetles ( amphizoidae : coleoptera ) and their phylogenetic relationships to other adephaga .\ncitation : kavanaugh , d . h . , 1986 . a systematic review of amphizoid beetles ( amphizoidae : coleoptera ) and their phylogenetic relationships to other adephaga . proc . california acad . sci . 44 ( 6 ) : 67 - 109 .\na treatise on the western hemisphere caraboidea ( coleoptera ) : their classification , distributions , and ways of life . vol . iii\npensoft series faunistica 99 . pensoft publishers , sofia - moscow . 412 pp . , 2011\nfull title : a treatise on the western hemisphere caraboidea ( coleoptera ) : their classification , distributions , and ways of life . volume iii ( carabidae \u2013 loxomeriformes , melaeniformes )\na treatise on the western hemisphere caraboidea ( coleoptera ) : their classification , distributions , and ways of life . vol . i\npensoft series faunistica 66 . pensoft publishers , sofia - moscow . 323 pp . , 2007\nfull title : a treatise on the western hemisphere caraboidea ( coleoptera ) : their classification , distributions , and ways of life . volume i ( trachypachidae , carabidae - nebriiformes 1 ) .\nchecklist of the water beetles of florida this checklist registers species known to occur in florida , based on literature citations and material examined by the author . it also includes taxa which may occur in florida ; many of these taxa occur on the u . s . southeastern coastal plain but have not been positively identified from florida . note also that some literature records may be considered doubtful ; some species recorded in earlier literature but misidentified are not listed . only important synonyms pertaining to florida water beetles are listed . in general , only aquatic or semi - aquatic species are listed . the families , genera and species are listed in alphabetic order . undescribed taxa are assigned letter or number designators .\nworld catalogue of insects . vol . 7 : amphizoidae , aspidytidae , haliplidae , noteridae and paelobiidae . ( coleoptera : adephaga ) .\nby nilsson , a . n . and b . j . van vondel . 2005 .\nlimited preview anders n . nilsson , bernhard j . van vondel . 2005 . world catalogue of insects . vol . 7 : amphizoidae , aspidytidae , haliplidae , noteridae and paelobiidae . ( coleoptera : adephaga ) . apollo books , vester - skerninge , denmark . 171 pp . world catalogue of insects is an initiative aiming at compiling worldscale , authoritative catalogues of monophyletic insect taxa . volumes in this series will contain standard nomenclatoral information on all names pertaining to the taxon treated , including type locality and distribution to the extent this is relevant .\non apple osx , or right click on the text above to copy the link .\nmedium - sized ( 11 . 7 - 14 . 0mm ) ; body moderately broad and dark brown or dull black ; pronotum with coarse , sparse puntures ; elytra finely and densely pitted ; elytral striae completely and faintly impressed ; coarsely punctate ; elytron flattened medially with blunt but distint carina on 5th interval ; area medial to carina elevated and flat ; area lateral to carina slightly concave . ( see also identification of genus ) .\nextends from southern yukon territory , south along rocky mountains through alberta and british columbia to chuska mountains of northeast arizona and the sangre de cristo range of northern new mexico ; eastward from wallowa mountains of northeastern oregon and independence mountains of northeastern nevada to the bighorn mountains of north - central wyoming and the front range of central colorado .\ncomments are published according to our submission guidelines . the eh strickland entomological museum does not necessarily endorse the views expressed .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\njavascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .\nthe phylogenetic propositions of baehr ( 1979 ) , and kavanaugh ( 1986 ) , are not consistent with the interpretation provided herein , whereas the conclusions of burmeister ( 1976 ) , ruhnau ( 1986 ) and beutel ( 1986 ) seem to correlate well . therefore , it is suggested that the amphizoidae are the sistergroup of hygrobiidae + dytiscidae .\npresent address : institut f\u00fcr zoologie , rwth aachen , kopernikusstrasse 16 , d - 5100 aachen , federal republic of germany .\ncopyright \u00a9 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect \u00ae is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !"]}
{"id": 2483, "summary": [{"text": "anacampsis lacteusochrella is a moth of the gelechiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by chambers in 1875 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "adults are creamy white or white very faintly suffused with ochreous , sparsely flecked with brown upon the forewings , which become towards the tip , suffused with greyish , or purplish-brown and ochreous , so that a white costal streak at the beginning of the cilia may be distinguished from the surrounding part of the wing . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "anacampsis lacteusochrella", "paragraphs": ["compsolechia lacteochrella [ = lacteusochrella ] meyrick , 1925 ; in wytsman , genera insectorum 184 : 123 ( emend . )\nanacampsis malella amsel , 1959 ; bull . soc . ent . egypt . 43 : 65\nanacampsis sacramenta keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 362\ngelechia ( anacampsis ) tristrigella walsingham , 1882 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 10 : 181\nanacampsis languens meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 142 ; tl : ecuador , duran\nanacampsis aedificata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; tl : brazil , para\nanacampsis diplodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 76 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nanacampsis embrocha meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 192 ; tl : new hanover\nanacampsis flexiloqua meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : peru , iquitos\nanacampsis idiocentra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , santarem\nanacampsis nonstrigella busck , 1906 ; can . ent . 38 ( 4 ) : 121 ; tl : oak station , pennsylvania\nanacampsis parviocellatella bruand , 1850 ; m\u00e9m . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 40\nanacampsis petrographa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 79 ; tl : brazil , obidos\nanacampsis poliombra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : brazil , parintins\nanacampsis cosmia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : natal , durban\nanacampsis lapidella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , grenada\nanacampsis quinquepunctella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 80 ; tl : west indies , grenada\nanacampsis conistica walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , sonora\nanacampsis lithodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos\nanacampsis lupinella busck , 1901 ; can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 14 ; tl : high park , toronto , canada\nanacampsis perquisita meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , para , teff\u00e9\nanacampsis insularis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , st . thomas\nanacampsis solemnella ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]\nanacampsis capyrodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins , teff\u00e9\nanacampsis rivalis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys ; ceylon , kandy\nanacampsis ursula walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , morelos , cuernavaca\nanacampsis fragariella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 760 ; tl : pullman , washington\nanacampsis argyrothamniella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231 ; tl : palm beach , florida\nanacampsis primigenia meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : colombia , cali , 500ft ; ecuador , huigra , 4500ft\nanacampsis cornifer walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 79 ; tl : west indies , st . croix ; st . thomas\nanacampsis paltodoriella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 848 ; tl : mesilla park , new mexico\nanacampsis triangularis braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california\nanacampsis considerata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos , teff\u00e9 ; peru , jurimaguas , iquitos\nanacampsis phytomiella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 8 ; tl : alhajuela , cabima and porto bello , panama\nanacampsis coverdalella kearfott , 1903 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 162 , pl . 9 , f . 13 ; tl : natchitoches parish , louisiana\nanacampsis rhabdodes walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 36 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\nanacampsis lagunculariella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 230 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : palm beach , florida\nanacampsis primigenia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list )\nanacampsis psoraliella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 226 , pl . 28 , f . 10 ; tl : iowa , sioux city\nanacampsis meibomiella forbes , 1931 ; j . agric . porto rico 15 ( 4 ) : 376 , pl . 42 , f . 16 ; tl : puerto rico ,\ne . e . a . de cuba\nanacampsis populella ; [ nacl ] , # 2246 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]\nanacampsis niveopulvella ; busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761 ; [ nacl ] , # 2243 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31\nanacampsis ( anacampsini ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]\nanacampsis quinquepunctella ; walsingham , 1910 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; meyrick , 1929 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]\nanacampsis lagunculariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 78 ; busck , 1914 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 2240 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31\n820x623 ( ~ 87kb ) russia , moscow area , 14 . 8 . 2008 , photo \u00a9 d . smirnov\nthe exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .\ncompsolechia anisogramma meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : china , shanghai\nlarva on argyrothamnia blodgettii busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231\nuntomia cenelpis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 77 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa\nchlorodecta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197\ncompsolechia comparanda meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 506 ; tl : arizona , palmerlee ; texas , alpine\ncrypticopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384\nlarva on fragaria busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761\n= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 14 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30\nlita fuscella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 581\ntachyptilia hirsutella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 256 , pl . 10 , f . 17 ; tl : alpes - maritimes\nhomoplasta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197\ngelechia ( tachyptilia ) innocuella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 249 ; tl : texas\nagriastis inquieta meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 253 ; tl : british guiana , bartica\naproaerema kearfottella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 842 ; tl : new jersey\nlarva on laguncularia racemosa busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231\nstrobisia levipedella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 4\ncompsolechia lignaria meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 292 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk\nlarva on lupinus perennis busck , 1901 , can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 15\nmaculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( tachyptilia ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256\ngelechia multinotata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 134 ; tl : british guiana , bartica , mallali\ngelechia niveopulvella chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 11 ) : 210 ; tl : canada\nagriastis nocturna meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 252 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\ntachyptilia panormitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 106\nagriastis peloptila meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\ngelechia pomaceella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 620 ; tl : ega\n= ; park , 2001 , insecta koreana . 18 ( 1 ) : ( 87 - 90 )\nlarva on populus tremula , salix caprea , s . alba , s . spp .\nagriastis prasina meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali\nlarva on croton scouleri , exedeconus miersii landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 737\nlarva on prunus salicina park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121\ngelechia subactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?\nlarva on salix phylicifolia , s . caprea , s . lapponum , s . repens\ngelechia tephriasella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 4 ) : 68 ; tl : kentucky\ncathegesis tridentella walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 28 , pl . 1 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft\ntachyptila trifoliella constant , 1890 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1889 : cxxv\ngelechia ( teleia ) viretella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 340 , pl . 4 , f . 110\n[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013\nsangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;\n[ \u00b2 ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .\nexpedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths\nicones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae\nlepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes\ndie schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten\nsystematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . h\u00fcbner ' s sammlung europ\u00e4ischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )\nthe moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae\nzeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 10 . 31m ; p . 101 . book review and ordering\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nwe parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on image to enlarge .\na variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to calphotos . please follow the usage guidelines provided with each image . use and copyright information , as well as other details about the photo such as the date and the location , are available by clicking on the\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\nthere are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . ."]}
{"id": 2489, "summary": [{"text": "gnophaela clappiana is a moth of the erebidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by holland in 1891 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found from arizona and new mexico to colorado .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the length of the forewings is 21 \u2013 25 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing from late july to early august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae have a shining dark maroon head .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "in the mid-dorsal line of the body , there is a row of bright yellow triangles .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "lateral to this is a row of large warty double tubercles of a glistening steel-blue colour , each with a tuft of hairs .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "between these tubercles is a patch of velvety dull black .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "there are also a number of yellow lines and steel-blue tubercles . ", "topic": 1}], "title": "gnophaela clappiana", "paragraphs": ["gnophaela clappiana ; [ nacl ] , # 8033 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 34 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 14 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 440\ngnophaela epicharis druce , 1896 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 18 ( 103 ) : 40 ; tl : guatemala\ngnophaela baileyi laguerre & monzon , 2014 ; j . ins . biodiv . 2 ( 2 ) : 3 ; tl : guatemala , huehuetenango , todos santos , villa alicia\ngnophaela discreta ; [ nacl ] , # 3036 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 34 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 14 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 440\ngnophaela latipennis ; [ nacl ] , # 8034 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 34 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 14 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 440\ngnophaela vermiculata ; [ nacl ] , # 8037 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 34 , f . 27 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 14 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 439\ngnophaela aequinoctialis ; godman & salvin , 1885 , biol . centr . - amer . , lep . heterocera 1 : 115 ; [ nacl ] , # 3035 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 34 , f . 28 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 14 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 440\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\npowell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 48 . 3m ; p . 271 . book review and ordering\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nthe information below is based on images submitted and identified by contributors . range and date information may be incomplete , overinclusive , or just plain wrong .\nhover over black occurrence boxes to see number of images submitted . log in to make states , months and boxes clickable .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 16 august , 2013 - 9 : 39pm\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 4 july , 2013 - 12 : 52am\nphylogeny of milkweed tussocks ( arctiidae : arctiinae : phaegopterini ) and its implications for evolution of . . .\nby michelle a . dacosta , paul larson , julian p . donahue , susan j . weller\nannals of the entomological society of america 99 ( 5 ) : 723 - 742 . , 2006\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 7 may , 2013 - 12 : 35am\nsix species of tiger moths ( arctiidae : lithosiinae , ctenuchinae ) new to the united states fauna , with notes on their . . .\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 28 april , 2013 - 12 : 04am\ncontributed by maury j . heiman on 26 april , 2013 - 7 : 42pm\ntiger moths and woolly bears : behavior , ecology , and evolution of the arctiidae .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .\nfollowing lafontaine and schmidt ( 2010 ) , the traditional arctiidae have been transferred to the family erebidae as a subfamily ( arctiinae ) , with former subfamilies such as lithosiinae now treated as tribes . the circumscription of arctiinae remains virtually identical to recent circumscriptions of arctiidae , but circumscriptions of some taxa within the arctiinae have changed .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\nlafontaine , j . d . and b . c . schmidt . 2010 . annotated check list of the noctuoidea ( insecta , lepidoptera ) of north america north of mexico . zookeys 40 : 1 - 239 .\nlafontaine , j . d . and m . fibiger . 2006 . revised higher classification of the noctuoidea ( lepidoptera ) . canadian entomologist 138 : 610 - 635 .\nschmidt , b . c . and p . a . opler . 2008 . revised checklist of the tiger moths of the continental united states and canada . zootaxa 1677 : 1 - 23 .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\nall documents and related graphics provided by this server and any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server are provided\nas is\nwithout warranty as to the currentness , completeness , or accuracy of any specific data . natureserve hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to any documents provided by this server or any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server , including but not limited to all implied warranties and conditions of merchantibility , fitness for a particular purpose , and non - infringement . natureserve makes no representations about the suitability of the information delivered from this server or any other documents that are referenced to or linked to this server . in no event shall natureserve be liable for any special , indirect , incidental , consequential damages , or for damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information contained in any documents provided by this server or in any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server , under any theory of liability used . natureserve may update or make changes to the documents provided by this server at any time without notice ; however , natureserve makes no commitment to update the information contained herein . since the data in the central databases are continually being updated , it is advisable to refresh data retrieved at least once a year after its receipt . the data provided is for planning , assessment , and informational purposes . site specific projects or activities should be reviewed for potential environmental impacts with appropriate regulatory agencies . if ground - disturbing activities are proposed on a site , the appropriate state natural heritage program ( s ) or conservation data center can be contacted for a site - specific review of the project area ( see visit local programs ) .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .\ngonophaela [ sic ] morrisoni druce , 1885 ; biol . centr . - amer . , lep . heterocera 3 : pl . 12 , 7\nlarva on cynoglossum grande , c . occidentale , hackelia californica , mertensia sp . , myosotis sp . godfrey & crabtree , 1986 , j . lep . soc . 40 ( 3 ) : 206 - 213\njosiomorpha cathetozosta becker , 2013 ; j . res . lepid . 46 : 61 , 54 ( list ) ; tl : guatemala , quetzaltenango , aguas georninas\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nbiologia centrali - americana ; or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of mexico and central america . zoology . lepidoptera . heterocera\nwatson & goodger , 1986 catalogue of the neotropical tigermoths occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 1 - 71\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nsources : specimens in the ua insect collection , michael singer ( eeb , u of a ) , ray nagle ( u of a medical school ) , ferguson et al . 2000 .\nlafontaine , , j . d . , and b . c . schimdt . 2010 . annotated check list of the noctuoidea of north american north of mexico .\nferguson , d . c . and p . a . opler . 2006 . checklist of the arctiidae of ontiental united states and canada .\nferguson , d . c . , p . a . opler , m . j . smith , and j . p . donahue . 2000 .\nmoths of western north america . 3 . distribution of arctiidae of western north american .\ncontributions of the gillette arthropod diveristy museum , colorado state university . also see moths of north america ' s\nferguson , d . c . 1985 . contributions toward reclassification of the world genera of the tribe arctiini , part 1 - - introduction and a revision of the neoarctia - grammia group ( lepidoptera : arctiidae ; arctiinae ) .\nfranclemont , j . g . 1966 . two new species of arctiidae from southern arizona . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 68 : 250 - - 257 .\nknowlton , c . b . 1967 . a revision of the species of cisthene known to occur north of the mexican border . transactions of the american entomological society 93 : 41 - - 103 .\nrecord in richers database : rustler park 8500 ' , cochise co 17 aug 1998 . leuscher id\nreported ( madera cyn , 1 aug 1965 ) by donahue ( 1993 , j . lep . soc 47 : 199 - 210 ) .\nrecord in richers database : cave creek , cochise co . 26 august 1976 , leuschner id\n( mona 8253 ) has black antennae and the wings have a glossy sheen .\nhas white - to - pale - grayish antennae and the wings are dull .\nreported ( douglas : 7 oct 1945 , 4 may 1986 [ uv light ] ) by donahue ( 1993 , j . lep . soc 47 : 199 - 210 ) .\nbruce walsh . jbwalsh @ urltoken . comments , correction and additions most welcome . to get to my home page ."]}
{"id": 2529, "summary": [{"text": "halaphritis platycephala is a species of thornfish native to the indian ocean waters off of tasmania where it can be found at depths of from 5 to 13 metres ( 16 to 43 ft ) preferring caves and other low-light habitats .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "this species grows to a length of 16.8 centimetres ( 6.6 in ) sl .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "this species is the only known member of its genus . ", "topic": 26}], "title": "halaphritis platycephala", "paragraphs": ["flathead congolli , halaphritis platycephala . source : australian national fish collection , csiro . license : cc by attribution - noncommercial\nlast , p . r . ; balushkin , a . v . ; hutchins , j . b . halaphritis platycephala ( nototheniodei : bovichtidae ) : a new genus and species of temperate icefish from southeastern australia . copeia . 2002 ; ( 2 ) : 433 - 440 .\nlast , p . r . , a . v . balushkin and j . b . hutchins , 2002 . halaphritis platycephala ( notothenioidei : bovichtidae ) : a new genus and species of temperate icefish from southeastern australia . copeia 2002 ( 2 ) : 433 - 440 . ( ref . 43123 )\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\ngreek , als = salt + greek , aphritis , - idos = anchovy ( ref . 45335 )\nmarine ; demersal ; depth range 5 - 13 m ( ref . 43123 ) . temperate\nmaturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 16 . 8 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 43123 )\nlives deep inside caves or under ledges in semi - exposed habitats in the near shore where light levels are low . adapted to creeping around the bottom in cramped confines . in captivity , it crawls over the substrate rather than swim . feeds on shrimps and other small crustaceans in captivity ( ref . 43123 ) .\n) : 13 . 4 - 18 . 3 , mean 17 ( based on 75 cells ) .\nphylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0005 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .\nbayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .\ntrophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 6 \u00b10 . 55 se ; based on food items .\nvulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 11 of 100 ) .\n: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\n: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in\nlast , balushkin & hutchins , 2002 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 280978 on 2018 - 07 - 09\nthe webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license\nfroese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\ndisclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .\na flathead congolli at a depth of 17 m , cathedral cave , tasman peninsula , tasmania , 2015 .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nyearsley , g . k . , last , p . r . & morris , g . b . 1997 ,\ncodes for australian aquatic biota ( caab ) : an upgraded and expanded species coding system for australian fisheries databases\n, pp . 15 pp . + appendices\nglover , c . j . m . 1994 ,\nfamily bovichtidae\n, ed . gomon , m . f . , glover , c . j . m . & kuiter , r . h . ( eds ) , the fishes of australia ' s south coast , pp . pp . 725 - 728 , state printer , adelaide\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 92b09c8d - 5e66 - 4a6e - a46c - 48fdd622301f\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6023f7fb - 1290 - 42c4 - 9f5d - 87d71e311f6c\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 433972\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nserver name : production . build number : 3 . 7 . 183 ( 27 jun 2018 )"]}
{"id": 2532, "summary": [{"text": "the grey-tailed mountaingem or gray-tailed mountaingem ( lampornis cinereicauda ) is a hummingbird which breeds only in the mountains of southern costa rica .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "until recently it was believed to be a subspecies of the white-throated mountaingem .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "this bird inhabits forested areas in hilly terrain , and is found at altitudes from 1850 m to the timberline in the talamanca range .", "topic": 24}, {"text": "it is 10.5 cm long .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "the male weighs 6.2 g and the female 5 g .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "the shortish black bill is slightly curved .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the adult male grey-tailed mountaingem has bronze-green upperparts and underparts except for a brilliant green crown , pure white throat and grey tail .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the female lacks the bright crown and throat , and has rich cinnamon underparts .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "young birds resemble the female but have buff fringes to the upperparts plumage .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the female grey-tailed mountaingem is entirely responsible for nest building and incubation .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "she lays two white eggs in a deep plant-fibre cup nest 1 \u2013 3 m high in a scrub .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "incubation takes 15 \u2013 19 days , and fledging another 20-26 .", "topic": 28}, {"text": "the food of this species is nectar , taken from a variety of small flowers , including epiphytic ericaceae and bromeliads .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "like other hummingbirds it also takes small insects as an essential source of protein .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "male gray-tailed mountaingems defend flowers and scrubs in their feeding territories , and are dominant except at higher levels where the range overlaps with fiery-throated hummingbird .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the call of this species is a sharp pick or zeet .", "topic": 22}, {"text": "the species is rated as least concern by the iucn . ", "topic": 29}], "title": "grey - tailed mountaingem", "paragraphs": ["white - throated mountaingem ( lampornis castaneoventris ) ; or gray - tailed mountaingem ( l . c . cinereicauda ) . male . threat posture .\nwhite - throated mountaingem ( lampornis castaneoventris ) ; or gray - tailed ( l . c . cinereicauda ) . female . savegre . costa rica .\nwhite - throated mountaingem ( lampornis castaneoventris ) ; or gray - tailed ( l . c . cinereicauda ) . male . savegre , southern costa rica .\nmale gray - tailed mountain - gem hummingbird ( lampornis cinereicauda ) hovering at a flower .\nfemale gray - tailed mountain - gem hummingbird ( lampornis cinereicauda ) about to land , costa rica .\nfemale gray - tailed mountain - gem hummingbird ( lampornis cinereicauda ) about to land on a flower bush , costa rica .\nfemale gray - tailed mountain - gem , lampornis cinereicauda , is a hummingbird which breeds only in the mountains of southern costa rica .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ndel hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .\nlampornis castaneoventris and l . cinereicauda ( del hoyo and collar 2014 ) were previously lumped as l . castaneoventris following sacc ( 2005 ) , which in turn was previously lumped with l . calolaemus as l . castaneoventris following sibley and monroe ( 1990 , 1993 ) .\njustification : although this species may have a small range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthe global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' fairly common ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) and ' over most parts of range one of the commonest mountain hummingbirds ' ( del hoyo et al . 1999 ) . trend justification : the population trend is difficult to determine because of uncertainty over the impacts of habitat modification on population sizes .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\ntwo birds chasing each other around the feeders . they would settle away from the feeders but close enough to chase the other off when they got too close to the feeders , think there is an insect in here too .\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nall ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair\nall records ( accepted , rejected , pending ) . to filter / search please enter a phrase . e . g . to filter rejected records , type rejected into the search box , all columns can be filtered .\nhave you seen something interesting ? click submit to share your rare bird sightings via our simple form .\n\u00a9 2018 birdguides , warners group publications plc . all rights reserved . company registered in england no . 2572212 | vat registration no . gb 638 3492 15\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nwe ' ve sent an email to please follow the instructions to reset your password .\nenter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .\nif is associated with an alamy account you ' ll receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password .\nmyavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .\nthere are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .\nthere are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .\nhoward and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :\nyou must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .\navibase has been visited 263 , 300 , 057 times since 24 june 2003 . \u00a9 denis lepage | privacy policy\nwe ' ve detected that javascript is disabled in your browser . would you like to proceed to legacy twitter ?\nlikes # wildlife , # photography , # travel , music ( esp rock & funk ) f1 , stone circles . dislikes injustice & bigots . married to @ janesunflower . pix mine except rts .\nyou can add location information to your tweets , such as your city or precise location , from the web and via third - party applications . you always have the option to delete your tweet location history . learn more\nhere ' s the url for this tweet . copy it to easily share with friends .\nby embedding twitter content in your website or app , you are agreeing to the twitter developer agreement and developer policy .\nnot on twitter ? sign up , tune into the things you care about , and get updates as they happen .\nthis timeline is where you\u2019ll spend most of your time , getting instant updates about what matters to you .\nhover over the profile pic and click the following button to unfollow any account .\nwhen you see a tweet you love , tap the heart \u2014 it lets the person who wrote it know you shared the love .\nthe fastest way to share someone else\u2019s tweet with your followers is with a retweet . tap the icon to send it instantly .\nadd your thoughts about any tweet with a reply . find a topic you\u2019re passionate about , and jump right in .\ntwitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup . try again or visit twitter status for more information .\nuse on websites and for limited audiences in social media , apps , or live performances .\npoultry or birds ( including chickens , ducks , geese , pheasants ) are in the phylum chordate class aves is a common feature . a warm - blooded animal baht twitter\nwong drongo general characteristics of birds in this family will have black fur . the tail is forked some eyes are red when fully grown . live on the trees\ncat tien , vietnam - flycatcher on bright green forest bakcground narcissus flycatcher ( ficedula narcissina ) closeup flying and standing on branches with wind .\na single wild white - faced capuchin ( cebus capucinus ) monkey in the rain - forest of costa rica .\nsoccer ball in goal net with slowmotion . slowmotion football ball in the net .\nstage lights and different shapes art gallery . series 3 + version from 1 to 26 + orange - blue - purple and white color series\nover 10 , 961 , 482 royalty - free video clips with 76 , 091 new stock clips added weekly ."]}
{"id": 2539, "summary": [{"text": "caligavis is a genus of honeyeaters endemic to new guinea and australia .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "it includes former members of lichenostomus , and was created after a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the original genus was polyphyletic .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the genus contains three species : yellow-faced honeyeater ( c. chrysops ) - south , east australia black-throated honeyeater ( c. subfrenata ) - new guinea obscure honeyeater ( c. obscura ) - new guinea the name caligavis was first proposed by the english-born ornithologist tom iredale in 1956 .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "the word is derived from the latin caligo meaning obscurity and avis bird . ", "topic": 25}], "title": "caligavis", "paragraphs": ["caligavis chrysops samueli : south australia ( s flinders ranges to mt . lofty range )\nhiggins , p . , christidis , l . & ford , h . ( 2018 ) . yellow - faced honeyeater ( caligavis chrysops ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\nhiggins , p . , christidis , l . & ford , h . ( 2018 ) . black - throated honeyeater ( caligavis subfrenata ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .\nsister to the pair c . obscura and c . subfrenata # r . validity of poorly differentiated race barroni requires confirmation . three subspecies provisionally recognized .\n( mathews , 1912 ) \u2013 montane ne queensland from shiptons flat\u2013mt amos\u2013mt finnigan ( near cooktown ) s , including atherton and windsor\u2013carbine tablelands , to clarke\u2013connors ranges , in ne australia .\n( latham , 1801 ) \u2013 ne queensland ( dawson\u2013mackenzie basin ) s , inland to w slopes of great divide ( scattered records w of this range ) , to victoria and se south australia .\n( mathews , 1912 ) \u2013 s flinders ranges , mt lofty ranges and fleurieu peninsula , in se south australia .\ntypical daytime song 1\u00b78\u20132\u00b76 seconds in duration , of 4\u20136 brief syllables . . .\n) and pollen , fruit and seeds , manna , and lerp and . . .\nseason broadly jul\u2013mar , with clutches early aug to late feb and nestlings reported until early mar . nest built by female , often . . .\nnot globally threatened . common in most of range . no estimates of total population ; recorded densities of 0\u00b701\u20132\u00b72 birds / ha and 0\u00b725\u20131 . . .\nonly subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !\nonly members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !\ninternal sequence based mainly on findings of recent phylogenetic studies # r # r , with a few modifications # r # r .\nsister to purnella # r # r . previously treated as a subgenus of lichenostomus , but molecular data # r support treatment as a full genus . see also manorina ( below ) .\nget access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 \u20ac ( instead of 59 . 90 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 85 \u20ac )\nsupporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .\nview more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .\nalso available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 89 . 9 \u20ac ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 \u20ac ( instead of 134 . 85 \u20ac )\nthere is a registration fee of 20\u20ac . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won\u2019t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .\nif you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .\nthis map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .\nsee c . obscura . geographical variation partly clinal , plumage becoming darker from w to e ; species sometimes treated as monotypic # r . four subspecies recognized .\n( ogilvie - grant , 1915 ) \u2013 weyland mts and s slopes of central ranges ( including nassau mts and oranje mts ) e to hindenburg range , in wc new guinea .\n( reichenow , 1915 ) \u2013 n slopes of central ranges ( including nassau and oranje ranges ) e to victor emanuel and schrader ranges .\n( e . j . o . hartert , 1896 ) \u2013 mountains of e new guinea ( e from wharton , bismarck , kubor and saruwaged ranges ) .\nsong a pleasant , rich and loud , rapid bubbling series that rises and falls in pitch and gradually . . .\nprimary montane forest ( mainly middle to upper montane forest ) , including moss forest , forest edge . . .\ndiet includes nectar , small arthropods ( insects ) and fruit . forages mainly in canopy , but will descend to substage up to c . 3 m above . . .\nadults feeding fledglings in mid - nov in star mts ; adults carrying nesting material and females with enlarged gonads apr , jun\u2013sept and . . .\nnot globally threatened . no estimates of global abundance ; considered generally common above 2000 m .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nthank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .\ndel hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .\njustification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .\nthe global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as generally uncommon , although locally numerous ( coates 1990 ) .\nto make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .\nif you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : d6b549e0 - 3a46 - 42b4 - bd6c - a5003dc42669\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e9ddeebf - 92c3 - 4bdb - 9518 - a32a459e5342\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ece245c5 - dedd - 4a99 - b0d0 - 8399d45978d3\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : cb5a89ce - 389d - 49e5 - 9308 - ed7892d29271\nurn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 593060\nexplore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .\nfind out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .\ndid you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .\nthe atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nmyavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .\nthere are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .\nthere are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .\nhoward and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :\nyou must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .\navibase has been visited 263 , 291 , 581 times since 24 june 2003 . \u00a9 denis lepage | privacy policy\nsonogram images \u00a9 xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .\nsongs at dawn from a bird perched high in tall , somewhat open ecualypt woodland .\nrecorded slightly modified : noise removal , high - pass filtering . interval between vocalisations shortened"]}
{"id": 2545, "summary": [{"text": "hahncappsia neomarculenta is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by capps in 1967 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from maryland , indiana , west virginia , north carolina , ohio and tennessee .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 22-24 mm for males and 22-23 mm for females .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from may to july . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "hahncappsia neomarculenta", "paragraphs": ["photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nmunroe , e . , 1976 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 13 . 2a , p . 42 ; pl . 3 . 71 . order\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nno state or province has been specified for the images in this part of the guide .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nbiokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright \u00a9 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .\nuse of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\na taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .\nthe name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .\nthe author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by\n, +\nand the number of omitted authors .\nattribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .\nall diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .\ncreated by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy ."]}
{"id": 2552, "summary": [{"text": "acrobasis betulella , the birch tubemaker , is a species of snout moth in the genus acrobasis .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by george duryea hulst in 1890 , and is known from southeastern canada and the united states .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "there is one generation per year .", "topic": 15}, {"text": "the larvae feed on betula species , including betula populifolia and betula papyrifera .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the species overwinters in the larval stage .", "topic": 3}, {"text": "young larvae probably bore into unfolding buds .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "older larvae draw several leaves together with silk and consume the margins of the leaves .", "topic": 11}, {"text": "pupation takes place in a pupal chamber which is made at the end of the tube . ", "topic": 11}], "title": "acrobasis betulella", "paragraphs": ["the birch tube - maker acrobasis betulella in a fragmented habitat : the importance of patch isolation and edges .\nthe birch tube - maker acrobasis betulella in a fragmented habitat : the importance of patch isolation and edges . - pubmed - ncbi\nacrobasis betulella ; [ nacl ] , # 5688 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 59 , f . 3e , 14f , pl . 6 , f . 10 - 17\nwe examined the response of the birch tube - maker acrobasis betulella hulst ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) to habitat patch isolation and edges . density of a . \u2423betulella larva was higher on distant islands than on islands close to the shore . following experimental removal of all larvae from the islands , adults were able to recolonize even the most distant islands , and larval density was again positively correlated with the degree of isolation . larval density was not correlated with island size or the amount of birch present on the islands . larvae on more distant islands did not have lower mortality than those in less isolated sites . larvae were found more often on edges than in the interior of birch stands and developed faster on edges . this positive edge effect , coupled with the ability of the adults to disperse to even our most distant islands , suggests that a . betulella would be favored in an environment fragmented at the same scale as our island system .\nacrobasis amplexella ragonot , 1887 ; n . amer . phycitinae galleriidae : 3 ; tl : north carolina\nacrobasis vaccinii riley , 1884 ; can . ent . 16 ( 12 ) : 237 ; tl : massachusetts\nacrobasis rufizonella ragonot , 1887 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 1887 : 227 ; tl : wladiwostok\nacrobasis atrisquamella ragonot , 1887 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 1887 : 228 ; tl : asia minor\nacrobasis carpinivorella neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1662 ; tl : madison , connecticut\nacrobasis elyi neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1661 ; tl : maxton , north carolina\nacrobasis nuxvorella neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1659 ; tl : rowland , north carolina\nacrobasis caryalbella ely , 1913 ; ins . insc . mens . 1 ( 5 ) : 52 ; tl : east river , connecticut\nacrobasis comptoniella hulst , 1890 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 17 : 125 ; tl : long island , new york\nacrobasis irrubriella ; [ nacl ] , # 5676 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 58 , pl . 6 , f . 9\nacrobasis ostryella ely , 1913 ; ins . insc . mens . 1 ( 5 ) : 54 ; tl : east river , connecticut\nacrobasis kearfottella dyar , 1905 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 7 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : cleveland , ohio\nacrobasis betulivorella neunzig , 1975 ; proc . ent . soc . washington 77 ( 2 ) : 238 ; tl : elizabethtown , north carolina\nacrobasis amplexella ; [ nacl ] , # 5654 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 23 , pl . 2 , f . 11 - 17\nacrobasis elyi ; [ nacl ] , # 5666 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 34 , pl . 3 , f . 35 - 36\nacrobasis stigmella ; [ nacl ] , # 5669 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 42 , pl . 4 , f . 12 - 16\nacrobasis aurorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5670 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 43 , pl . 4 , f . 17 - 20\nacrobasis exsulella ; [ nacl ] , # 5672 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 44 , pl . 4 , f . 21 - 29\nacrobasis angusella ; [ nacl ] , # 5673 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 46 , pl . 4 , f . 35 - 37\nacrobasis latifasciella ; [ nacl ] , # 5675 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 47 , pl . 4 , f . 38 - 39\nacrobasis evanescentella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 44 ; tl : orlando , florida\nacrobasis aurorella ely , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 12 ( 2 ) : 67 ; tl : waschington , d . c\nacrobasis cunulae dyar & heinrich , 1929 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 31 ( 2 ) : 37 ; tl : mobile , alabama\nacrobasis stigmella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 43 ; tl : east river , connecticut\nacrobasis latifasciella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 45 ; tl : new brighton , pennsylvania\nacrobasis palliolella ; [ nacl ] , # 5659 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : f . 13b , pl . 4 , f . 40 - 44\nacrobasis cunulae ; [ nacl ] , # 5685 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 54 , 13e , pl . 5 , f . 29 - 30\nacrobasis irrubriella ely , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 3 - 4 ) : 161 ; tl : east river , connecticut\nacrobasis carpinivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5665 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 61 , f . 14a , pl . 6 , f . 2023\nacrobasis sylviella ely , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 3 - 4 ) : 161 ; tl : east river , connecticut\nacrobasis coryliella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 47 ; tl : ( new york ? )\nacrobasis vaccinii ; [ nacl ] , # 5653 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 21 , f . 5a , pl . 2 , f . 1 - 10\nacrobasis minimella ; [ nacl ] , # 5657 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 4a , 7c - d , pl . 3 , f . 17 - 22\nacrobasis caryalbella ; [ nacl ] , # 5660 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 50 , f . 13a , pl . 5 , f . 11 - 13\nacrobasis cirroferella ; [ nacl ] , # 5684 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 56 , f . 14e , pl . 5 , f . 38 - 39\nacrobasis betulivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5689 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 60 , f . 13h , pl . 6 , f . 18 - 19\nacrobasis ostryella ; [ nacl ] , # 5680 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 63 , f . 14g , pl . 6 , f . 31 - 35\nacrobasis coryliella ; [ nacl ] , # 5682 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 65 , f . 14i , pl . 6 , f . 41 - 43\nacrobasis comptella ; [ nacl ] , # 5656 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 29 , f . 5d , 8b , pl . 3 , f . 7 - 16\nacrobasis comptoniella ; [ nacl ] , # 5691 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 56 , f . 6c , 14c , pl . 5 , f . 31 - 37\nacrobasis blanchardorum neunzig , 1973 ; proc . ent . soc . washington 75 ( 2 ) : 165 ; tl : sierra diablo wildlife mgt . area , culberson co . , texas\nacrobasis blanchardorum ; [ nacl ] , # 5694 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 8a , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 28 , pl . e , f . 2\nacrobasis evanescentella ; [ nacl ] , # 5668 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 36 , pl . 3 , f . 40 - 41 , pl . 4 , f . 1\nacrobasis juglandis ; [ nacl ] , # 5661 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 50 , f . 3a , 5e , 13d , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 10\nacrobasis kearfottella ; [ nacl ] , # 5663 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 51 , 13c , pl . 5 , f . 14 - 19 , pl . e , f . 3\nacrobasis sylviella ; [ nacl ] , # 5662 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 61 , f . 14d , pl . 6 , f . 24 - 27 , pl . e , f . 5\nacrobasis caulivorella neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 41 , f . 11a - b , 12a , pl . 4 , f . 9 - 11 ; tl : dellwood , florida\nacrobasis tricolorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5655 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 28 , 7a - b , pl . 2 , f . 34 - 45 , pl . 3 , f . 1 - 6\nacrobasis juglanivorella neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 38 , f . 9a - b , 10b , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : dane co . , wisconsin\nacrobasis caryivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5686 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 52 , f . 5f , 13f , pl . 5 , f . 20 - 28 , pl . b , f . 3 - 4\nacrobasis texana neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 34 , f . 9c - d , 10a , pl . 3 , f . 37 - 39 ; tl : junction , kimble co . , texas\nacrobasis demotella ; [ nacl ] , # 5674 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 5c , pl . 4 , f . 30 - 34 , pl . b , f . 1 - 2 , pl . e , f . 4\nacrobasis rubrifasciella ; [ nacl ] , # 5690 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 57 , f . 3c , 5h , 14b , pl . 5 , f . 40 - 42 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 8\nacrobasis kylesi neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 62 , f . 11c - d , 12b , 13g , pl . 6 , f . 28 - 30 ; tl : saline , bienville parish , louisiana\ntinea obtusella h\u00fcbner , 1796 ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 6 ] : ( ? )\nfrom ( nova scotia - florida ) - to ( wiscon - texas ) , introduced ? ( washington ) . see [ maps ]\nlarva on vaccinium corymbosum , v . macrocarpon , v . vitis - idaea , v . stamineum , gaylussacia spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 23\nnova scotia , prince edward i . , new brunswick , quebec , ontario , maine , new hampshire , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , pennsylvania , mountains ( virginia , north carolina ) , florida ? . see [ maps ]\nlarva on kalmia angustifolia , k . latifolia [ mna15 . 2 ] , 24\nlarva on malus pumila , cydonia oblonga , prunus spp . , cotoneaster , pyracantha , crataegus spp . , eriobotrya japonica [ mna15 . 2 ] , 27\ns . canada , n . usa , rocky mountains - new mexico , arizona , california . see [ maps ]\nlarva on prunus spp . , malus pumila , prunus armeniaca , sorbus americana , rosa sp . , amelanchier sp . , heteromeles arbutifolia , ( buds and fruits ) [ mna15 . 2 ] : 28\ncalifornia , oregon , washington , nevada , arizona , utah , new mexico , w . texas , w . oklahoma . see [ maps ]\nlarva on quercus dumosa , q . douglasii , q . garryana , quercus x _ turbinella _ ajoensis , chrysolepis sempervirens [ mna15 . 2 ] , 29\ncape cod , massachusetts - florida - e . texas - arkansas , tennessee , missouri . see [ maps ]\nlarva on quercus spp . , quercus marilandica , q . velutina , q . rubra , q . falcata , q . laevis , q . alba [ mna15 . 2 ] , 31\nw . texas , new mexico , arizona , colorado . see [ maps ]\nse . ontario , michigan , illinois - south carolina , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]\nlarva on carya spp . , c . cordiformis , c . tomentosa , c . pallida , c . glabra , c . ovata , carya carolinae - septentrionalis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 34\nlarva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 34\nlarva on carya spp . , carya illinoensis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 37\ne . new mexico , texas , oklahoma , louisiana , missouri , s . illinois , mississippi , alabama , florida , na . georgia , south carolina , north carolina . see [ maps ]\nontario , connecticut , new york , new jersey , district of columbia , michigan , illinois , missouri , tennessee , arkansas , north carolina , south carolina , na . georgia , florida , e . texas . see [ maps ]\nlarva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . glabra , c . pallida , juglans regia ? [ mna15 . 2 ] , 43\nmassachusetts , connecticut , new york , new jersey , pennsylvania , district of columbia , west virginia , tennessee , north carolina , michigan , missouri . see [ maps ]\nlarva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . illinoensis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 45\nontario , new hampshire , new york , pennsylvania , w . north carolina , michigan , illinois , missouri , arkansas , e . texas . see [ maps ]\nlarva on carya spp . , c . glabra , carya ovalis , c . tomentosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 46\nlarva on juglans nigra , carya spp . ? [ mna15 . 2 ] , 57\nontario , new york , connecticut , pennsylvania , tennessee , n . north carolina , michigan , illinois , wisconsin , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]\nlarva on carya spp . , c . ovata , carya carolinae - septentrionalis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 49\nontario , from ( vermont - florida ) - to ( north dakota - new mexico ) . see [ maps ]\nphycita juglandis lebaron , 1872 ; 2 nd ann . rept . noxious insects state of illinois : 123 ; tl : ( illinois ? )\nlarva on carya illinoensis , juglans nigra , j . cinerea , juglans microcarpa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 50\nmassachusetts , connecticut , new york , michigan , w . virginia , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]\nlarva on carya spp . , c . ovata , c . tomentosa , c . glabra [ mna15 . 2 ] , 51\nfrom ( quebec - florida ) - to ( illinois , missouri , arkansas , e . texas ) . see [ maps ]\nlarva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . glabra , c . ovata , c . cordiformis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 52\nse . ontario , massachusetts - florida - texas , missouri , new mexico . see [ maps ]\nlarva on carya spp . , juglans spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 53\nontario , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , na . georgia , alabama , florida , mississippi , texas . see [ maps ]\nnova scotia , new brunswick , quebec , ontario , maine , new hampshire , vermont , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , new yersey , michigan , wisconsin . see [ maps ]\nlarva on myrica asplenifolia , m . gale , m . pensylvanica [ mna15 . 2 ] , 56\nnova scotia - manitoba , from ( maine - n . florida ) - to ( minnesota - e . texas ) . see [ maps ]\nlarva on alnus spp . , alnus serrulata , a . rugosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 58\nlarva on betula , b . populifolia , b . papyrifera [ mna15 . 2 ] , 60\ne . north carolina , se . mississippi , e . texas . see [ maps ]\nontario , new york , michigan , massachusetts , connecticut , north carolina , louisiana . see [ maps ]\nlarva on ostrya virginiana , less corylus spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 62\nontario , massachusetts , connecticut , north carolina , florida , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]\nontario , massachusetts , connecticut , n . north carolina , iowa , wisconsin , illinois , missouri . see [ maps ]\nlarva on corylus americana , c . cornuta [ mna15 . 2 ] , 64\nmassachusetts , connecticut , new york , north carolina , illinois , wisconsin . see [ maps ]\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nfourth annual report on the noxious , beneficial and other insects of the state of missouri , made to the state board of agriculture . . . 4th ann . rep . , missouri :\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nseveral species of birch ( betula ) especially b populifolia and b . papyrifera .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nneunzig , h . h . , 1986 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 15 . 2 , p . 59 ; pl . 6 . 10 - 17 . order\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\non sheet with uv black light . submitted for pa record . linked image 2 of 2 of same moth .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\nwarning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .\ngroupe de recherche en \u00e9cologie foresti\u00e8re , universit\u00e9 du qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 montr\u00e9al , cp 8888 , succ . centre - ville , montr\u00e9al , qu\u00e9bec , h3c 3p8 , canada , , , , , , ca .\nrare in maryland . one record from garrett county on 7 / 23 / 2001 ( glaser , micromoths ) .\nuse of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nhodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .\ndue to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to\ndistribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .\nuse the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .\nzoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .\nthe small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .\nnote : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on\ntrademark notice :\nnatureserve\n, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .\ncopyright notice : copyright \u00a9 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .\nnatureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :\nridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\npatterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .\niucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .\ndata developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .\nno graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .\n) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users ."]}
{"id": 2556, "summary": [{"text": "glaphyria cappsi is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from alabama , florida , georgia , maryland , north carolina , oklahoma and south carolina .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "it is also found in cuba .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is about 13 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults have been recorded on wing from january and from march to november in florida . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "glaphyria cappsi", "paragraphs": ["moved from glaphyria cappsi . please let me know if you think my comments below are in error .\ncame to light . hodges # 4873 black - patched glaphyria moth ( glaphyria fulminalis ) verification or correction would be appreciated .\nglaphyria sesquistrialis h\u00fcbner , 1823 ; zutr\u00e4ge samml . exot . schmett . 2 : 29 , f . 369 - 370\ni believe that bold has incorrectly identified your images . see info here for id tips . there are three bins at bold with images identified as glaphyria cappsi , bold : ace3978 , bold : aae0575 and bold : aae0574 . this image and a second of your posted here are in bold : aae0575 which also contains samples identified as glaphyria fulminalis . it ' s nearest neighbor is bold : ace3978 , which includes another of your samples , lpokd227 - 09 , which i believe is likewise incorrectly identified as g . cappsi . i don ' t know if these two bins represent two separate species or a single species but i suspect it may be it may be just one , g . fulminalis . the third bin , bold : aae0574 , appears to be the correct one for g . cappsi . this image was shown at mpg under g . cappsi and has been moved it to g . fulminalis .\nhere are two good examples of the different angle of pm line when wings are folded ( it ' s rarely this clear , though ) : g . fulminalis g . cappsi\ng . cappsi on left , g . fulminalis on right . the key feature for separating these two species is in the angle of pm line along the inner margin . in g . cappsi , the pm line almost runs parallel to the inner margin for a little bit and meets the inner margin at an angle of 25 degrees or less . in g . fulminalis the pm line meets the inner margin at about a 45 degree angle . g . cappsi also has more of a contrasting color scheme than does g . fulminalis .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\nfulminalis ( lederer , 1863 ) ; wien . ent . monats . 7 ( 12 ) : 455 , pl . 18 , f . 13\nhomophysa cymalis dyar , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2050 ) : 256 ; tl : trinidad r .\nhomophysa moribundalis dyar , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2050 ) : 257 ; tl : corozal\nhomophysa polycyma hampson , 1898 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1898 : 607 , pl . 49 , f . 4 ; tl : brazil , castro para\u00f1a\nberdura pupillalis m\u00f6schler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 78 ; tl : jamaica\nthis information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .\n[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nhistoire naturelle des insectes . species g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e9res . tome huiti\u00e9me . deltoides et pyralites\na revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 1\nwalker , [ 1866 ] list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 1 - 322 ( [ 1865 ] ) , 32 : 323 - 706 ( 1865 ) , 33 : 707 - 1120 ( 1865 ) , 34 : 1121 - 1534 ( [ 1866 ] ) , 35 : 1535 - 2040 ( 1866 )\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nbiokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright \u00a9 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge ."]}
{"id": 2562, "summary": [{"text": "guaianaza is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily satyrinae in the family nymphalidae .", "topic": 26}, {"text": "guaianaza is considered a synonym of the genus forsterinaria gray , 1973 .", "topic": 21}, {"text": "its single species , guaianaza pronophila , is found in the neotropical realm . ", "topic": 20}], "title": "guaianaza", "paragraphs": ["[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .\nif you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nfreitas , avl and pe\u00f1a c . 2006 . description of genus guianaza for\neuptychia\npronophila ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae : satyrinae ) with a description of the immature stages . zootaxa 1163 : 49 - 59 .\ncorrespondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at\n. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the\neach tol leaf page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a leaf at the tip of the tree of life . the major distinction between a leaf and a branch of the tree of life is that a leaf cannot generally be further subdivided into subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .\nfor a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .\ntree of life design and icons copyright \u00a9 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\natlantic forest ; < i > forsterinaria < / i > ; life history ; neotropics ; poaceae .\ntype - species : euptychia pronophila butler , 1867 . proc . zool . soc . lond . : 107 , pl . 12 , fig . 20 . [ bhl ]\nwe use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .\nsend mail to wvdvorst @ urltoken with questions or comments about this web site . copyright \u00a9 2015 urltoken lepidoptera of the world last modified : 01 - 03 - 15\npopular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more"]}
{"id": 2570, "summary": [{"text": "mpanjaka elegans is a moth of the family of erebidae that is found in central madagascar .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "the wings are white , speckled with black scales , particularly upon the basal third that is limited by a brown stripe .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "it wears a zig-zagged pale black post-median line .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the head is whity-brown and the palpi black .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "the antennae are white , black speckles with brown pectinations .", "topic": 19}, {"text": "the male of this species has a wingspan of 51 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "it was described by a specimen from ankafana , central madagascar . ", "topic": 5}], "title": "mpanjaka elegans", "paragraphs": ["have a fact about mpanjaka collenettei ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for mpanjaka collenettei ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a fact about mpanjaka betschi ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nhave a definition for mpanjaka betschi ? write it here to share it with the entire community .\nthere are no reviews yet . be the first one to write a review .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nholotype \u2642 , mnhn ; neallotype \u2640 ( see collenette 1933b : 23 ) , bmnh .\nle cerf f . 1921 . descriptions de l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res nouveaux de madagascar . - bulletin du mus\u00e9um national d ' histoire naturelle 27 ( 6 ) : 419\u2013423 .\nsign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .\nhave a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .\nsimply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .\nwe ' ve detected that javascript is disabled in your browser . would you like to proceed to legacy twitter ?\non our journey to digitise the collection of over 80 million objects and specimens .\nscientists are investigating whether a grey seal that was recently found in kent had ingested any plastics before it died . warning : this article contains images that some readers may find upsetting .\n2018 / july / searching - for - plastic - in - the - belly - of - a - seal . html ? utm _ source = tw - link - post - 20180706 - eo & utm _ medium = social & utm _ campaign = news\n# tbt may 2018 when i spent time @ sdnhm scanning fossil # whales & # dolphins including this parapontoporia sternbergi . what a job ! the sdnhm team were so helpful & gave up 3 days of their time to help me flip & scan larger skulls . # phdlife # sandiego # fossilfriday @ london _ nerc _ dtp urltoken\nthe date was chosen as it can be written as \u2018507\u2019 which , in nanometres , is the wavelength of the green in the rainbow flag , representing nature . in the us , it\u2019s \u2018705\u2019 - the wavelength of the red , representing life\ncelebrating inclusion and diversity in science this # lgbtstemday with a of lepidoptera ( moths and butterflies ) from the collection . urltoken\nthis # lgbtstemday , we\u2019re celebrating and saying a big thank you to all our scientists , curators , engineers and technicians who belong to # lgbtq + communities . diversity in science is vital , and we could not succeed without you . urltoken\nthanks to @ gbif we know that more than 90 scientific papers use data from the @ nhm _ london portal alongside data from global institutions . we are delighted to contribute to the global understanding of biodiversity . congratulations for reaching # gbif1billion ! urltoken\ncan you guess the species from the # 3dscan of its bill ? this weeks beak was chosen by @ sheardcat and # 3dscanned @ nhm _ tring / @ nhm _ london . best of luck folks ! @ sheffieldaps @ nhm _ digitise @ nhm _ citsci urltoken\nthis magpie ( abraxas grossulariata ) was found # otd 130 years ago . this pretty moth was a favourite with early collectors due to its variable pattern . the magpie has variable black and white patterned wings with an orange stripe . # taxonomytuesday urltoken\ncollection labels can accumulate over time as scientists add more and more information . ypthima batesii , a madagascan butterfly holds the record so far with 17 labels . find out how we digitised our madagascan lepidoptera type specimens in this blog :\nsummer exhibition\nnurturing nature ' s innovations\nnext week . come visit our stand :\ntwitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup . try again or visit twitter status for more information .\nyou can add location information to your tweets , such as your city or precise location , from the web and via third - party applications . you always have the option to delete your tweet location history . learn more\nhere ' s the url for this tweet . copy it to easily share with friends .\nby embedding twitter content in your website or app , you are agreeing to the twitter developer agreement and developer policy .\nnot on twitter ? 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{"id": 2605, "summary": [{"text": "carabus catenulatus is a species of beetle endemic to europe , where it is observed in bosnia and herzegovina , mainland italy , slovenia , and switzerland . ", "topic": 27}], "title": "carabus catenulatus", "paragraphs": ["no one has contributed data records for carabus catenulatus yet . learn how to contribute .\nenter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .\nwe are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .\nthe id resolving service for stable taxon ids is currently under maintenance . meanwhile , please use the name search in order to find the taxon page .\nmuseum f\u00fcr naturkunde leibniz - institut f\u00fcr evolutions - und biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken\nmaintaining and updating the site requires a lot of time and effort . therefore , we are forced to introduce a partially paid access . we expect that the costs will not be too burdensome for you , and your money will help us in the development of interactive keys , and more dynamic updates of the site .\nyour subscription will be activated when payment clears . view the status of your subscription in your account .\nthis project help increase the availability of scientific knowledge worldwide . contributions at any level help sustain our work . thank you for your support .\n\u00a9 carabidae of the world , 2007 - 2018 \u00a9 a team of authors , in in : anichtchenko a . et al . , ( editors ) 2007 - 2018\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nscopoli , j . a . 1763 . entomologia carniolica exhibens insecta carnioli\u00e6 indigena et distributa in ordines , genera , species , varietates . methodo linn\u00e6ana . - pp . [ 1 - 35 ] , 1 - 420 , [ 1 ] . vindobonae . ( trattner ) .\nyou will be directed to the entry page of the digitized work . go to the page you need in the navigation system there .\nthe basic data of this taxon were entered by hand , consulting the original description , and following animalbase standard .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en\nurltoken\nstock photography and how to use it . click here to find out how to search for images and which are the terms of use .\ncopyright \u00a9 bernard van elegem biodiversity photography . by using this website you agree to the terms of use .\nthis amount includes applicable customs duties , taxes , brokerage and other fees . this amount is subject to change until you make payment . for additional information , see the global shipping program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab\nthis amount includes applicable customs duties , taxes , brokerage and other fees . this amount is subject to change until you make payment . if you reside in an eu member state besides uk , import vat on this purchase is not recoverable . for additional information , see the global shipping program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab\nestimated delivery dates - opens in a new window or tab include seller ' s handling time , origin zip code , destination zip code and time of acceptance and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab . delivery times may vary , especially during peak periods .\nitems shipping internationally may be subject to customs processing depending on the item ' s declared value .\nsellers set the item ' s declared value and must comply with customs declaration laws .\na brand - new , unused , unopened , undamaged item ( including handmade items ) . see the seller ' s\nlisting for full details . see all condition definitions - opens in a new window or tab\ncopyright \u00a9 1995 - 2018 ebay inc . all rights reserved . accessibility , user agreement , privacy , cookies and adchoice"]}
{"id": 2609, "summary": [{"text": "argyresthia tsuga is a moth of the yponomeutidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found in north america , including british columbia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the larvae feed on tsuga heterophylla . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "argyresthia tsuga", "paragraphs": ["the one argyresthia species currently known from southeast alaska is a . tsuga , but there seems to be little information on the internet about the species . there are some other species known from the state ( and moths are not well - studied in southeast alaska to begin with ) , so i don ' t want to be too hasty in drawing conclusions . i do have at least a couple of these collected , however - so perhaps they will get positively identified at some point .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\ni can ' t get it to species . try scrolling through species pages at bold . ( no rsvp , thanks )\nselect your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nthis page was last modified on 21 august 2013 , at 03 : 28 .\ncontent is available under attribution - share alike 3 . 0 unported unless otherwise noted ."]}
{"id": 2612, "summary": [{"text": "phocides belus , the beautiful beamer or belus skipper , is a skipper in the hesperiidae family .", "topic": 12}, {"text": "it is found from mexico to costa rica .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "strays have been reported as far north as texas .", "topic": 18}, {"text": "the wings have a powder-blue hue .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "last instar larvae reach a length of 38 mm .", "topic": 0}, {"text": "they are mostly uniform white with a light brown head capsule .", "topic": 23}, {"text": "they feed on thouinidium decandrum . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "phocides belus", "paragraphs": ["phocides belus ; ypm ent 445471 ; north america ; mexico ; monte ; don b . stallings , j . e . turner\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en\nskippers are big - headed , thick - bodied , stubby - winged butterflies that quickly dart or\nskip\nabout . with more than 3500 species worldwide , mostly in the american tropics , the skipper family , the hesperiidae , is huge . we ' ve seen lots of them , and they ' re mostly brownish , rather plain , and often hard to identify . and then there are some like the one shown above .\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nthis system is free software released under gnu / gpl 3 . 0 - portal version 1 . 0\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike 3 . 0 united states license .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nnote : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments\n* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .\ncurators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .\nspecies catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .\nerora gabina ; ypm ent 755852 ; central america ; panama ; canal zone ; francis r . arnhold ; 1972 - 05 - 02\niophanus pyrrhias ; ypm ent 755944 ; central america ; guatemala ; chimaltenango quisache , acatenango ; eduardo c . welling ; 1966 - 11 - 04"]}
{"id": 2625, "summary": [{"text": "conchylodes ovulalis , the zebra conchylodes moth , is a moth in the crambidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it was described by guen\u00e9e in 1854 .", "topic": 5}, {"text": "it is found from the united states , where it has been recorded from pennsylvania to florida , west to arizona , south through mexico and costa rica to colombia .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 23 \u2013 30 mm .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "the wings are white with a violet sheen .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "the forewings are marked with six blackish-brown lines and a hollow reniform spot .", "topic": 1}, {"text": "adults are on wing from may to september in the united states .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on asteraceae species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "conchylodes ovulalis", "paragraphs": ["a zebra conchylodes moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 6 / 18 / 2015 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth in harford co . , maryland ( 8 / 6 / 2007 ) . photo by mike burchett . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth in allegany co . , maryland ( 6 / 18 / 2017 ) . photo by josh emm . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 8 / 2006 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth in calvert co . , maryland ( 6 / 18 / 2006 ) . photo by arlene ripley . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 7 / 27 / 2017 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth in harford co . , maryland ( 7 / 27 / 2017 ) . photo by josh emm . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth collected in frederick co . , maryland ( 7 / 25 / 2002 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth forewing found in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 2 / 2013 ) . photo by nancy magnusson . ( mbp list )\na zebra conchylodes moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 8 / 12 / 2016 ) . verified by roger downer / bamona . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )\nphotographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en\nurltoken\nupcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington\nmoths of southeastern arizona pinned adult image ; date not visible ( photo from u . of arizona collection )\npeterson field guides : eastern moths charles v . covell . 1984 . houghton mifflin company .\ninsects of north carolina c . s . brimley . 1938 . north carolina department of agriculture .\nkaufman field guide to insects of north america eric eaton , kenn kaufman . 2006 . houghton mifflin .\ndisclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .\ncontributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright \u00a9 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .\nwings white with violet sheen . forewing marked with six blackish brown lines and prominent hollow reniform spot .\neol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .\nto request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !\n80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .\nuse of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nwest to arizona\ndang . i never saw one . gorgeous ! !\npretty little moths , i ' ve seen a few of these in our area , usually at the porch light .\ni ' ve seen them , but i ' ve never really looked at one before . thanks for forcing me to do that . a striking insect .\nwow this moth is appropriately named as it looks like it has zebra stripes . cool photo .\nthis is a spectacular bug . why aren ' t such things shown on local tv news every night , along with relevant ( intelligent ) information about them ? beautiful . thanks .\nwow , i ' ve never seen a moth like that ! beautiful violet sheen and zebra stripes , unbelievable .\n* paseo arts festival , oklahoma city , ok ( 5 / 27 / 17 ) . * .\nmaker of wooden spoons , strong - backed cohort of a wifely potter , gardener , photographer , back yard naturalist with a 40 - acre backyard .\nnature notes ( # 377 ) ~ the fourth of july should be celebrated with big hearts . ~ camila alves\nchil\u00edbre cave , panama ( h\u00f6hle von chil\u00edbre , panama ) ( chil\u00edbre - barlang , panama ) 07 . 2017 .\nthis work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - sharealike 4 . 0 international license .\nconfused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .\nto cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .\ndisclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .\nthis material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .\none of these fellows appeared on a calla lily blossom . . . read more\na tree in your backyard has died or become diseased . . . . read more\ncopyright \u00a9 2000 - 2018 dave ' s garden , an internet brands company . all rights reserved .\nuse of this web site constitutes acceptance of the urltoken terms of use , rules , privacy policy , and cookie policy ."]}
{"id": 2630, "summary": [{"text": "worth ( 1909 \u2013 1912 ) was an american thoroughbred race horse .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "he was the winner of the 1912 kentucky derby , as well as the chesapeake stakes and latonia handicap .", "topic": 7}, {"text": "he was the top racehorse , based on earnings , in 1911 and became a u.s. champion in 1912 .", "topic": 7}, {"text": "on november 6 , 1912 , worth was severely injured during a race run at the pimlico race course in baltimore , maryland .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "worth 's jockey , mactaggart , rode too closely to another horse , causing a three horse collision that severely injured two other jockeys and severed two tendons in worth 's leg .", "topic": 14}, {"text": "worth was euthanized shortly after this incident due to his extensive injuries . ", "topic": 14}], "title": "worth ( horse )", "paragraphs": ["all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for fort worth . fort worth is a filly born in 2010 october 25 by zizou out of desert yarn\nall the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for net worth . net worth is a gelding born in 2008 october 31 by fastnet rock out of a real dool\nall the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for true worth . true worth is a mare born in 2013 september 22 by makfi out of apollo ' s pride\nall the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for what ' s ken worth . what ' s ken worth is a gelding born in 2011 october 11 by krupt out of galantine\nthe current race record for what ' s ken worth is 0 wins from 16 starts .\nthe current race record for true worth is 1 wins from 10 starts with prizemoney of $ 25 , 705 . 00 .\nmark bellissimo with his horse raphael de brun , at his far niente stables in wellington , fla . , march 2017 \u2022 photo by josh ritchie\nbellissimo recognized other opportunities to promote horse sports . in 2013 , he acquired the chronicle of the horse , a weekly industry magazine , and last year he bought the international polo club in wellington for $ 72 million . bellissimo expects to improve that facility as well as work with the uspa to give the sport a wider reach . \u201cwe saw what mark\u2019s done with the horse show with jumpers and dressage , and selfishly we want to be part of what he does , \u201d says uspa\u2019s duncan huyler .\nbellissimo himself is not an avid rider . once in a blue moon , according to katherine , he will go trail riding on his aptly named quarter horse , easy . but what bellissimo lacks in riding ability , he makes up with a deep curiosity about the sport and a passion for transforming it . \u201che gets the connection with the horse , \u201d katherine says .\nyou\u2019ve probably never heard of mark bellissimo , a low - key entrepreneur from natick , mass . but bellissimo\u2019s new project , a massive north carolina equestrian center , is about to overthrow the upper crust world of horse sports .\nbellissimo is fond of rattling off statistics to prove the popularity of horse sports : that 27 million people apparently ride a horse every year , for example , far more than the 23 million who play tennis , the 25 million golfers or the measly 8 million skiers . or that according to alexa rankings , a metric for measuring internet traffic , there are more websites worldwide devoted to equestrian sports than almost any other sport . ( golf beats horses by a dozen . )\nthree years ago there were hills here and a small mountain . bellissimo is changing that . he\u2019s rushing to finish an equestrian complex that features 12 competition rings , trails and bridle paths , shops and restaurants , more than 1 , 100 horse stalls and a log cabin village . tryon international equestrian center , a name bellissimo gave the project in reference to a horse club in the area in the 1920s , will also offer three hotels , private homes and a championship golf course . he doesn\u2019t have much time to finish . in september 2018 , an estimated 500 , 000 people will converge upon tryon over the course of two weeks for the international equestrian federation ( fei ) world equestrian games , also known as the weg , the horse sports\u2019 equivalent of the olympics .\nbellissimo\u2019s numbers may not be definitive , but it\u2019s true that equestrian sports are seeing signs of growth . horse show entries nationally\u2014a good gauge of elite participation\u2014have climbed by 20 percent over the last two years , for example . last year\u2019s kentucky derby posted the second - highest attendance in its history , while the breeders\u2019 cup last november had its largest audience ever . but equestrian sports encompass everything from eventing to polo to horse racing , and multiple governing bodies regulate these activities independently , resulting in a disparate group of sports . the result : it\u2019s hard to grow equestrian activities as a whole . for example , duncan huyler , ceo of the u . s . polo association ( uspa ) , says his sport is \u201coutside of all equestrian disciplines\u201d and as a result struggles from lack of exposure . bellissimo plans to change that . \u201cwe\u2019re creating a business and industry centered around passion for the horse . \u201d\nstart bad and slow . won driving ; second and third same . worth was hustled into the lead and , maintaining an easy advantage under restraint , appeared to be an easy winner to the stretch turn , but tired and had to be hand ridden near the end to shake off duval . the latter was going gamest at the end . flamma acted badly at the post and was away poorly , but closed a big gap into a good third . free lance tired in the stretch . wheelwright and sonada ran disappointingly . scratched - the manager , patruche .\nwellington , a 30 - minute drive west of palm beach , has long been centered around horses , attracting ultra high net worth seasonal visitors and residents such as bill gates , laurene powell jobs and athina onassis . it\u2019s not uncommon to see riders atop their horses on the side of the road , where a network of bridle paths connects neighborhoods to the palm beach international equestrian center . the venue anchors the community , with the most expensive real estate being closest to it , and is the site of the winter equestrian festival . by the time the family chose to leave the northeast to shift gears , the girls were serious enough about the sport that wellington made sense .\nmost equestrian centers around the world serve specific disciplines . a show jumping arena , designed to accommodate an obstacle course for horse and rider , may not suit a dressage competition , in which horse and rider demonstrate training , skill and rhythm , and neither of these could ever share space with a polo tournament , which requires a 10 - acre grass field . but in a remote north carolina location , an entrepreneur named mark bellissimo is building something different\u2014and unique . to get there from charlotte , home of the nearest major airport , you have to take u . s . route 74 out of town and into the foothills of the blue ridge mountains . in polk county , the greenery begins to undulate and the mountains rise in the distance\u2014and then a massive compound off the highway interrupts the dreamlike scenery .\nbellissimo had first visited mill spring , tryon\u2019s location , with his friend roger smith , an atlanta investment banker with j . p . morgan who had resettled on a farm nearby . smith wanted to help the local community by developing horse sports in the area , which had been devastated by the closing of textile mills during the great recession . \u201ci tried to do it without mark\u2019s input and wasn\u2019t successful , \u201d he admits .\nnevertheless , the festival was by most measures successful . in 2005 , for instance , it had brought a reported $ 57 million of economic activity into the area . yet it remained restricted to wealthy equestrians and did little to engage the local community or attract sponsorship dollars . \u201cwellington was sort of like a british colony in the middle of africa , \u201d remembers kimberly van kampen boyer , a michigan\u2013based horse breeder and dressage rider who has been a fixture in wellington for 17 years . \u201cthe same people came , competed against each other and left . \u201d\nbellissimo is translating that enthusiasm into dollars . \u201cif we create an extreme version showing the speed and toughness of the horse , \u201d he says , \u201ci can chase brands like monster energy [ an energy drink ] that wouldn\u2019t typically participate and are looking for programming . \u201d he secured his first $ 500 , 000 in sponsorship for gladiator polo in just 10 days , letting him award $ 250 , 000 in prize money over seven weeks , an unheard - of purse for polo . bellissimo also landed a broadcast deal with nbc sports . and he\u2019s already planning a world tour of the sport , with people like odia lining up to sponsor .\nin a way , the weg , which brings eight horse - riding disciplines into one main event , represents what bellissimo hopes to accomplish in tryon . but because of the distances required by some sports , such as combined driving or endurance riding , host cities often have venues that are far apart . at the last weg , held in normandy , france , in 2014 , some competitions were as far as a 45 minutes\u2019 drive from each other , making participation and viewing difficult . at tryon\u2019s 1 , 400 acres , nothing is more than 15 minutes away from anything else . though tryon remains a bit of a mystery to most international competitors , \u201cfolks expect something pretty significant from mark thanks to wellington , \u201d says sharon decker , the chief operating officer at tryon .\nbellissimo had not counted on snagging the weg , an event that had already been awarded to the city of bromont in quebec . but when financing fell through for the canadians last july , he made a last - minute bid with the endorsement of the u . s . equestrian federation \u2014the umbrella organization that governs most horse sports nationally\u2014and won . the coup , however , raised eyebrows . \u201cpeople questioned if we could do that\u201d because of the newness of tryon , bellissimo admits . the main showgrounds were built at warp speed and at a cost of more than $ 150 million . \u201cif you try to do this very slowly , it wouldn\u2019t work . but we did it practically overnight , so it is intriguing for a lot of people . \u201d bellissimo expects to invest $ 450 million overall .\ntryon is not bellissimo\u2019s first rodeo . for the past decade , the cherub - faced 55 - year - old has been working toward building up the equestrian industry in the pastoral village of wellington , fla . , where he has transformed a sleepy , five - week horse show , the winter equestrian festival , into a 12 - week , $ 200 million economic engine by uniting most disciplines under one umbrella and increasing accessibility to the sports . bellissimo has also developed an equine - centered industry that includes luxury real estate\u2014the barns for some prized steeds , in their own gated communities , sell for up to $ 20 million\u2014an equestrian academy and multiple show venues . he even created variants of some disciplines to generate a new audience\u2014 gladiator polo , for example . \u201ceven if we didn\u2019t have real estate to sell , we\u2019ve built a nine - figure revenue model in a place where it didn\u2019t exist , \u201d he says .\nin 2006 , bellissimo and several partners , including van kampen boyer , purchased the showgrounds and 200 acres surrounding it for about $ 135 million . he then secured a deal to run the winter equestrian festival , giving him control over the wellington equestrian experience . \u201conce i bought the showgrounds and the raw land around it , it created hyper - growth of value here , \u201d bellissimo says , because he clearly intended to invest further . \u201cequestrianism was self - isolating because it appeared elite and unattainable , \u201d he says . \u201cwe had to bring it to a broader audience . \u201d bellissimo built grandstand seating , lengthened the winter equestrian season and changed the way they organized the horse show . he made general admission free , and installed jumbotrons around the arena to help spectators follow the competitions . his riders received bigger purses , hospitality venues provided food and drink , and street performers created a carnival atmosphere to engage visitors .\nchurchill downs , kentucky derby , kentucky oaks , the \u201ctwin spires design\u201d , and churchill downs incorporated related trademarks are registered trademarks of churchill downs incorporated .\nopen an account with betfair and bet at least \u20ac5 at min odds of 1 / 5 on the sportsbook . win or lose betfair match your first bet up to \u20ac50 . free bet stakes not returned\nhtml public\n- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en\nurltoken\nsky sports news takes you through all of the day ' s racing news , plus alex hammond ' s tip of the day .\nfollow the latest from the written press with the best gossip and speculation from the papers .\nsky has launched a pub finder for eager fans wanting to find a venue to watch sky sports .\nget a sports star to visit your old secondary school as part of our free schools initiative .\n* new customers only . turnover and bet requirements apply . t & c ' s apply . excl nsw , wa , sa & vic . gamble responsibly .\nmiscellaneous leading trainer tony mcevoy looks set for his fourth winner in 10 days at muswellbrook on sunday .\n* new customers only . turnover & bet requirements apply . t & c ' s apply . excl nsw , wa , sa & vic . gamble responsibly .\nis gambling a problem for you ? call gambling help on 180 0858 858 or visit www . gamblinghelponline . org . au\nyour screen name will be seen by the racenet community when you participate in discussions or comment on our content .\nyou ' ll receive an email shortly with instructions on how to reset your password .\n\u201cthe difference in equestrianism versus golf or tennis or football is that there\u2019s only one permutation of those sports , \u201d bellissimo tells me . dressed in white jeans and a rumpled blue button - down shirt\u2014a simple uniform from which he seldom deviates\u2014he sits down on a late - winter afternoon for a greek salad with grilled chicken in roger\u2019s diner , a \u201950s - themed jukebox joint at tryon . he speaks in a soft - voiced rat - a - tat - tat that reveals a mind eager to share the fruits of exhaustive analysis . \u201cthere\u2019s a big equestrian population , \u201d he says , \u201cbut no one thinks of it in a centralized fashion . it\u2019s the ultimate in fragmented industries . \u201d\nbellissimo had never really been interested in horses before arriving in wellington with his family in 2004 . \u201cmark is an opportunity guy . he may not have a plan , but he\u2019s very good at recognizing opportunity , \u201d says his wife of 29 years , katherine bellissimo , whom he has known since high school .\nas a teenager in natick , mass . , a middle - class suburb of boston , bellissimo , one of six children , played hockey . his skill caught the eye of ted harrison , the athletics director at phillips academy andover , the tony massachusetts prep school . with harrison\u2019s help , bellissimo enrolled at andover . though bellissimo\u2019s father owned a small food - service business , belco , that evolved from running food trucks to providing corporate catering and cafeteria services\u2014and would do well enough to move to the affluent town of weston\u2014bellissimo was always aware of the financial expectations that an andover education created . \u201cthat was a victory for my father , making sure he had provided the best education . his big line was , \u2018put a brain in your head , and no one can ever take that away from you , \u2019\u201d bellissimo says .\nhe went on to major in political science with a concentration in economics at middlebury college in vermont . during a 1983 summer internship at the overseas private investment corporation in washington , d . c . , bellissimo stumbled across his first entrepreneurial opportunity , a meeting with a japanese manufacturer of inexpensive back - up alarms for trucks at a time when the devices were beginning to be mandated in u . s . cities . so bellissimo convinced the company to make him its u . s . distributor , generating hundreds of thousands of dollars in revenue . \u201cin relative scale it was small , but it was an amazing learning experience , \u201d he recalls . \u201cit allowed me to buy early computers and learn about technology and programming . \u201d\nafter graduating in 1985 , bellissimo moved to new york to work at credit suisse in its entry - level training program , but his time there was cut short when the family business fell into financial difficulty . he and his brother bill , then an assistant treasurer at chase manhattan bank , moved back to the boston area to restructure the company as it filed for chapter 11 . during that time , he also received his master\u2019s at harvard business school , got married and went to work at l . e . k . consulting , a corporate - turnaround firm . that experience led to an executive role in 1992 as vp of operations at vitas healthcare , a miami - based provider of hospice services , where among other things he developed the company\u2019s technical infrastructure . the hands - on experience allowed him to build and license technology that ultimately proved lucrative . \u201cthat was my first seven - figure payday , \u201d he says .\nbellissimo used that knowledge to form a medical technology company called caretools , which he later sold . other real estate and private equity investments following the dot - com crash led to his purchase of brandwise , a defunct comparison - shopping service that he rebuilt as a crm and sales - force automation business . when that company merged with a colorado\u2013based firm in 2004 , resulting in another payday , bellissimo decided to take a break . \u201ci wanted time to think about what i should do next , \u201d he says .\na competitor during the 2015 winter equestrian festival at the palm beach international equestrian center in wellington , fla . \u2022 photo by josh ritchie\nin the late \u201990s , bellissimo\u2019s then teenage daughters , paige and nicole , took up horseback riding near their summer home on lake winnipesaukee in new hampshire . \u201cmy wife took our daughters to a local barn that had a camp , and they loved it , \u201d bellissimo recalls . \u201ckatherine then started taking lessons with them , and all hell broke loose . \u201d one consequence : winter trips to wellington\u2019s equestrian festival .\nbut as the family delved more into equestrianism , bellissimo began to examine its flaws . \u201cthe rental rates for stalls were ridiculously expensive . if i\u2019m going to pay that much i want to own the property , \u201d he says . the shows , held on a grassy field with no spectator seating , were equally unappealing . \u201cif it was raining you were ankle - deep in mud , and there were porta - potties everywhere . it was a terrible experience , and you spent a lot of money to do it . \u201d\ntoday , the winter equestrian festival draws as many as 200 , 000 visitors over 12 weeks . the land around the showgrounds sells at $ 1 million to $ 2 million per acre\u2014bellissimo now owns 500 acres\u2014and properties that once would have cost $ 300 , 000 have sold for $ 12 million . the equestrian center has 12 competition rings , 2 , 500 stables and a 7 , 000 - seat main arena , as well as a riding school and a separate facility for dressage . \u201ccreating global dressage here turned the tide\u2014it was starting to atrophy in the u . s . , \u201d says van kampen boyer . \u201cit\u2019s brought us back . \u201d\n\u201cthe rental rates for stalls were ridiculously expensive . if i\u2019m going to pay that much , i want to own the property , \u201d\none of bellissimo\u2019s big ideas is gladiator polo , a variant of arena polo , in which teams of three players square off in a 300 - by - 150 - foot enclosed ring instead of on a grass field . for gladiator polo , the teams wear color - coded uniforms and mount ponies wearing matching leg wraps , saddle covers and hoods over their faces . instead of prizefighters , the horses resemble executioners . much faster and more intense than traditional polo , it resembles hockey , but the horses are the skates . on a march evening in wellington , the new game drew hundreds of people , including sven odia , an avid polo player and co - ceo of the germany\u2013based real estate brokerage engel & v\u00f6lkers . \u201cthis is amazing\u2014this is the place to be , \u201d he remarked as he watched excitedly with his son from one of the vip grandstand tables that flank the playing field .\nfor all the benefits this overhaul of wellington\u2019s equestrian scene has provided , mark bellissimo\u2019s wellington experiment has not gone unchallenged . prosperity has brought with it beastly traffic jams and noise pollution . boston billionaire jeremy jacobs , who owns a 200 - acre compound near the showgrounds , has fought this expansion of the center in a decadelong series of lawsuits and complaints to the village council that have prevented bellissimo from building hotels and condos\u2014imperative for growth in a landlocked community with finite real estate and only one hotel , a hampton inn . \u201che was going to build a clubhouse . he wanted valet parking for horses , \u201d complained lou jacobs , jeremy\u2019s son and frequent spokesperson , of bellissimo in 2013 to boston magazine . \u201cfrom my view at the outset , it was all about development . \u201d stymied by the legal blockades instituted by jacobs and the village council , bellissimo set his sights on north carolina . \u201cit was just so difficult to do anything in wellington , \u201d says katherine .\nthis corner of north carolina depends on tourism . lake lure , a tranquil community of summer homes on the water , has attracted visitors since the 1920s . drawn by the scenery , hollywood occasionally visited\u2014movies such as firestarter and dirty dancing were filmed here . the area is also home to a cluster of small wineries as well as gun clubs , and it\u2019s a weekend escape for residents of nearby metro areas such as charlotte , n . c . , and greenville , s . c . it also had some tourism infrastructure : bellissimo purchased a failed residential development called white oak plantation , which came with an electric grid , sewage , water and even a golf course . the combination of inexpensive land , existing residential framework , natural beauty and proximity to international airports made this the ideal place for bellissimo\u2019s equestrian resort and helped him win the world equestrian games bid .\nif there\u2019s a downside to securing a sports event that will inject $ 400 million into the local economy , it\u2019s that it\u2019s just 16 months away . the handful of log cabins at tryon won\u2019t be enough to handle the deluge of visitors , and local hotel rooms\u2014especially those geared to an affluent clientele\u2014are scant . while plans for a 180 - room luxury hotel and spa managed by salamander hotels & resorts are underway , owner sheila johnson has some pause . \u201cwe are concerned about the deadline , \u201d she says . \u201cbut mark will get it done . he\u2019s a brilliant businessman , and he has his own world of urgency . \u201d\nbellissimo isn\u2019t worried about tryon\u2019s readiness . \u201cwe\u2019re building tools that allow us to do it fast , \u201d he says , referring to a modular construction business he acquired for $ 3 million . with special - ordered automated equipment , bellissimo is able to churn out high - quality modular units in record time . those log cabins at tryon\u2014some with two stories and luxurious cathedral ceilings\u2014can be assembled and erected in just days , and he intends to apply the same principles to construction of the resort . \u201cit\u2019s easy to go out and start throwing crazy money , but i\u2019ve been able to find really great assets and build inexpensively , \u201d bellissimo says .\nfollowing lunch at roger\u2019s , bellissimo drives his range rover to the top of a hill where he first stood in 2013 . it overlooks the main arena of tryon , where three years ago he directed work crews to remove 2 to 3 million tons of earth . he points down and tells me , \u201cthis used to be a mountain . \u201d\ncontact : mark bellissimo , mbellissimo @ urltoken , pbiec . urltoken , tryon . urltoken ."]}
{"id": 2639, "summary": [{"text": "bembecia himmighoffeni is a moth of the sesiidae family .", "topic": 2}, {"text": "it is found from the iberian peninsula , through italy to the dalmatian coast .", "topic": 20}, {"text": "the wingspan is 18 \u2013 22 millimetres ( 0.71 \u2013 0.87 in ) .", "topic": 9}, {"text": "adults are on wing from late july to august .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "the larvae feed on coronilla species , including coronilla minima .", "topic": 8}, {"text": "there are also records for larvae feeding on rumex species . ", "topic": 8}], "title": "bembecia himmighoffeni", "paragraphs": ["bembecia himmighoffeni bio - material dnatax : 02615 cytochrome oxidase subunit i ( c . . .\nsesia himmighoffeni staudinger , 1866 ; stettin ent . ztg 27 : 51 ; tl : spain , barcelona\neine neue art der gattung bembecia h\u00fcbner , 1819 aus s\u00fcdwesteuropa : bembecia psoraleae spec . nov . ( lepidoptera : sesiidae )\ngarrevoet , t . & garrevoet , w . ( 2016 ) : on the status of bembecia zebo \u0161patenka & gorbunov , 1992 ; bembecia pamira \u0161patenka , 1992 ; bembecia kreuzbergi \u0161patenka & bartsch , 2010 and bembecia martensi gorbunov , 1994 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .\ntautel , c . ( 2009 ) : bembecia hymenopteriformis ( bellier , 1860 ) reste a decouvrir en corse . bembecia uroceriformis f . subiti nov . , forme remarquable de corse de bembecia uroceriformis ( treitschke , 1834 ) ( lep . sesiidae ) . \u2013 oreina 6 , 37 .\nbembecia pavicevici tosevski , 1989 ; fragm . balc . 14 : 85 ; tl : macedonia , konsko\nbembecia pavicevici dobrovskyi spatenka , 1997 ; ; tl : s . greece , taygetos - gorge , exohori\nbembecia megillaeformis luqueti spatenka , 1992 ; alexanor 17 ( 7 ) : 434 ; tl : w . france , vaunes , angers\nbembecia joesti bettag , 1997 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo nf 18 ( 1 ) : 23 ; tl : morocco , boulemane\nbembecia puella last\u00fcvka , 1989 ; scripta fac . sci . nat . univ . purk . brun . 19 : 85 ; tl : slovakia , plesivec\nbembecia fokidensis tosevski , 1991 ; atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 169 , pl . xixb , f . 1a - b ; tl : greece , thessalia , domokos\nbembecia parthica ; gorbunov , 1991 , atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 131 ( note ) , f . 15 - 18 , pl . xxii , f . 7\nbembecia lasicera ; spatenka & tosevski , 1994 , atalanta 25 ( 1 / 2 ) : 314 ( note ) , f . 1b ( gen . ) , pl . xiiia , f . 2\nbembecia puella ; gorbunov , 1991 , atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 131 ( note ) , pl . xxii , f . 8 ; de freina , 1997 , [ bsw4 ] , 146\ngarrevoet , t . & garrevoet , w . ( 2011 ) : bembecia lingenhoelei , a new clearwing moth from tajikistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 phegea 39 ( 2 ) , 73 - 79 .\nbembecia psoraleae bartsch & bettag , 1997 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo nf 18 ( 1 ) : 30 ; tl : s . spain , malaga , serrania de ronda , cortes de la frontera\ngarrevoet , t . & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2011 ) : bembecia bartschi , a new clearwing moth from tajikistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 4 ) , 157 - 161 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2012 ) : revision of types of several species of bembecia h\u00fcbner , 1819 from northern africa and southwestern europe ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 nota lepidopterologica 35 ( 2 ) , 125 - 133 .\nlingenh\u00f6le , a . & bartsch , d . ( 2011 ) : bembecia garrevoeti sp . nov . aus dem \u00f6stlichen hissargebirge in tadschikistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 4 ) , 163 - 167 .\nspatenka , k . & bartsch , d . ( 2010 ) : drei neue arten von bembecia h\u00fcbner , [ 1819 ] aus usbekistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 120 ( 1 ) , 41 - 45 .\nbembecia guesnoni spatenka & tosevski , 1994 ; atalanta 25 ( 1 / 2 ) : 313 , f . 1a ( gen . ) , pl . xiiia , f . 1 ; tl : india , ladakh , park terk , 3500m\nbembecia gegamica gorbunov , 1991 ; atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 131 , f . 11 - 14 , pl . xxii , f . 6 ; tl : armenia , khosrov nature reserve , 40\u00b000 ' n , 44\u00b054 ' e , 1800m\ntosevski , i . ( 2011c ) : bembecia bumbureta sp . n . \u2013 a new species of clearwing moths from north - western pakistan ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 zastita bilja ( plant protection ) 62 ( 3 ) , 197 - 202 .\ngarrevoet , t . , bartsch , d . & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2013 ) : on the knowledge of bembecia rushana gorbunov , 1992 and some related species ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . - nota lepidopterologica 36 ( 2 ) , 95 - 108 .\nbembecia daghestanica gorbunov , 1991 ; atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 129 , f . 7 - 10 , pl . xxii , f . 5 ; tl : ne . caucasus , daghestan , ~ 2km nw upper gunib , 42\u00b029 ' n 46\u00b051 ' e , 1700m\ntosevski , i . ( 2011a ) : bembecia diamerica sp . n . \u2013 a new species of clerwing [ sic ] moth ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from aston rama valley in north west pakistan . \u2013 zastita bilja ( plant protection ) 62 ( 1 ) , 39 - 43 .\nkallies , a . & bartsch , d . ( 2010 ) : revision of some types of the genus bembecia h\u00fcbner , 1819 in the p\u00fcngeler collection in the museum for natural history of the humboldt university , berlin ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 nota lepidopterologica 33 ( 1 ) , 81 - 84 .\nstalling , t . , bartsch , d . , garrevoet , t . , lingenh\u00f6le , a . & altermatt , f . ( 2011 ) : bembecia hissorensis , a new species of clearwing moths from tajikistan , central asia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 4 ) , 169 - 172 .\nspatenka , k . & lastuvka , z . ( 1990 ) : zur taxonomie von bembecia scopigera ( scopoli , 1763 ) , b . ichneumoniformis ( [ denis & schifferm\u00fcller ] , 1775 ) und b . albanensis ( rebel , 1918 ) ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomofauna 11 ( 5 ) , 109 - 121 .\np\u00fchringer , f . & kallies , a . ( 2004 ) : provisional checklist of the sesiidae of the world ( lepidoptera : ditrysia ) . \u2013 mitteilungen der entomologischen arbeitsgemeinschaft salzkammergut 4 , 1 - 85 ; updated by f . p\u00fchringer .\n, a - 4817 st . konrad , austria ; \u00a9 dr . axel kallies , the walter and eliza hall institute , 1g royal parade , parkville , victoria 3050 , australia )\neuthrenini fischer 2006b : 219 [ afrokona fischer 2006 ] ; unavailable ( art . 29 . 1 iczn )\n( felder & felder 1874 : 9 , pl . 82 ) , trochilina 14\n( boisduval in guerin - meneville [ 1832 ] : pl . 84 : fig . 3 ) ,\n( esper 1800 : 29 ) , sphinx ; rejected name ( opinion nr . 1287 iczn )\n( linnaeus 1758 : 493 ) , sphinx ; rejected name ( opinion nr . 1288 iczn )\n( snellen 1900 : 34 ) , sesia ; junior primary homonym of sesia thysbe f . uniformis grote & robinson 1868\n[ as trichocerata myrmosaeformis var . lucida ( lederer 1853 ) , nomen nudum ]\ntaxa originally described as sesia spp . ( never assigned to sesiidae , but available for homonymy )\n( cramer [ 1776 ] : 95 , 152 ( index ) , pl . 61 , fig . c ) ,\nagassiz , j . l . r . ( [ 1847 ] ) : nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis . \u2013 nomenclator zoologicus 2 ( 12 ) ( 1846 ) , 393 pp . ( 319 )\nalpheraky , s . n . ( 1882 ) : l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res du district de kouldj\u00e0 et des montagnes environnantes . ii\u00e8me partie . heterocera . \u2013 horae societatis entomologicae rossicae 17 , 15 - 103 , pls 1 - 3 . ( 18 - 22 , pl . 1 )\namsel , h . - g . ( 1933 ) : die lepidopteren pal\u00e4stinas . eine zoogeographisch - \u00f6kologisch - faunistische studie . \u2013 zoogeographica 2 , 1 - 146 . ( 25 )\namsel , h . - g . ( 1935 ) : neue pal\u00e4stinensische lepidopteren . \u2013 mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen museum in berlin 20 , 271 - 319 . ( 277 - 278 )\narita , y . ( 1989 ) : two new and an unrecorded clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from thailand . \u2013 microlepidoptera of thailand 2 , 9 - 14 .\n( moore ) ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from japan . \u2013 tyo to ga 43 ( 3 ) , 221 - 224 .\ndehne ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of japan . \u2013 japanese journal of entomology 60 ( 2 ) , 449 - 462 .\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from yakushima island , japan . \u2013 tyo to ga 44 ( 2 ) , 77 - 80 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1995a ) : sesiidae of nepal . in haruta , t . ( ed . ) : moths of nepal . \u2013 tinea 14 ( suppl . 2 ) , 194 - 206 , pls 108 + 128 .\nhampson , [ 1893 ] ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of the oriental region . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 46 ( 2 ) , 103 - 111 .\ntypes ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) kept in the hope entomological collections , oxford university , uk . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 46 ( 4 ) , 185 - 205 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1995d ) : a revision of the genus heterosphecia le cerf , 1916 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , osminiini ) . \u2013 tinea 14 ( 2 ) , 131 - 141 .\nh\u00fcbner , [ 1819 ] ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from thailand . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 47 ( 3 ) , 157 - 173 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . , ( 1996b ) : a revision of ferdinand le cerf ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , kept at the paris museum . i . the genus\nh\u00fcbner , [ 1819 ] in the oriental and australian regions . \u2013 japanese journal of systematic entomology 2 ( 2 ) , 137 - 187 .\nclearwing moth ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from kyushu , japan . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 48 ( 1 ) , 33 - 38 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1998a ) : a revision of ferdinand le cerf ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , kept at the paris museum . iii . the genus\nle cerf , 1916 in the oriental region . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 49 ( 1 ) , 19 - 29 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1998b ) : a revision of embrik strand ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from taiwan . \u2013 chinese journal of entomology 18 ( 3 ) , 141 - 165 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2000a ) : on the tribe melittiini ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of vietnam . \u2013 tinea 16 ( 4 ) , 252 - 291 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2000b ) : notes on the tribe osminiini ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from vietnam , with descriptions of new taxa . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 51 ( 1 ) , 49 - 74 .\nle cerf , 1916 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , osminiini ) of vietnam and adjacent countries . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 51 ( 3 ) , 205 - 214 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2001 ) : sesiidae of taiwan . i . the tribes tinthiini , similipepsini , paraglosseciini , pennisetiini , paranthrenini and cissuvorini . \u2013 japanese journal of systematic entomology 7 ( 2 ) , 131 - 188 .\nhampson ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from taiwan . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 53 ( 4 ) , 241 - 244 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2002b ) : sesiidae of taiwan . ii . the tribes osminiini , melittiini and sesiini . \u2013 japanese journal of systematic entomology 8 ( 2 ) , 199 - 241 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2003a ) : new taxa of wasp - waisted clearwing moths ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , similipepsini ) from vietnam . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 1 ) , 11 - 19 .\narita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2003b ) : in arita , y . , gorbunov , o . g . & mohamed , m . : on the knowledge of the clearwing moth ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of the maliau basin , sabah , borneo . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 2 ) , 131 - 142 .\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from north vietnam . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 52 ( 1 ) , 51 - 57 .\narita , y . & kallies , a . ( 2003 ) : a new species of the genus trilochana moore , 1879 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from sulawesi . \u2013 transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 4 ) , 229 - 232 . arita , y . & kallies , a . ( 2005 ) : see kallies , a . & arita , y . ( 2005 ) .\narita , y . & kimura , m . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .\narita , y . , kallies , a . , hsu , y . - f . , liang , j . - y . , lai , b . - c . , yang , m . - m . & yata , n . ( 2016 ) : polymorphism of nokona pilamicola ( strand , [ 1916 ] ) ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) in taiwan .\narita , y . , kimura , m . & owada , m . ( 2009 ) : two new species of the clearwing moth ( sesiidae ) from okinawa - jima , the ryukyus . \u2013\ntransactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 60 ( 3 ) , 189 - 192 .\narita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) : vicariance in the macroscelesia japona species - group ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) in the ryukyus , japan . \u2013 tinea 23 ( 4 ) , 184 - 198 . arita , y . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .\nkallies & arita , 1998 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , paranthrenini ) from south - east asia , with list of literature on oriental sesiidae published since 1988 . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 114 ( 3 ) , 116 - 120 .\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from japan . \u2013 japanese journal of entomology 57 ( 1 ) , 61 - 66 .\narita , y . & tosevski , i . ( 1992 ) : in tosevski , i . & arita , y . : a new species of the clearwing moth genus\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from the ryukyus . \u2013 japanese journal of entomology 60 ( 3 ) , 619 - 623 .\n( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) of japan . \u2013 tinea 12 ( suppl . ) , 158 - 167 .\narita , y . & yata , n . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .\narita , y . & xu , z . ( 1994a ) : in arita , y . , xu , z . & liu , x . : a new\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , clearwing borer on pecan from nanjing , china . \u2013 tinea 14 ( 1 ) , 61 - 64 .\narita , y . & xu , z . ( 1994b ) : in arita , y . , xu , z . & liu , x . : description of a new\nclearwing moth injuring poplar street trees in lhasa , tibet ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 tyo to ga 45 ( 3 ) , 193 - 199 .\nassmann , a . ( 1845 ) : schw\u00e4rmer oder d\u00e4mmerungsschmetterlinge ( sphinges ) . \u2013 abbildung und beschreibung der schmetterlinge schlesiens 2 , 48 pp , 26 pls . ( 17 - 26 , 45 - 47 , pls 5 - 7 , 24 )\naurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1879 ) : lepidoptera damarensia . f\u00f6rteckning pa fj\u00e4rilar insamlade i damaralandet af g . de vylder aren 1873 och 1874 jemte beskrifning \u00f6fver f\u00f6rut ok\u00e4nda arter . \u2013 \u00f6fversigt af kongliga vetenskaps - akademiens f\u00f6rhandlingar 36 ( 7 ) , 39 - 69 . ( 47 - 48 )\naurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1905 ) : lieutnant a . schultzes sammlung von lepidopteren aus west - afrika . \u2013 arkiv f\u00f6r zoologi 2 ( 12 ) , 1 - 47 , 5 pls . ( 43 - 46 )\naurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1909 ) : lepidoptera , rhopalocera und heterocera ( pars i ) von madagaskar , den comoren und den inseln ostafrikas . in voeltzkow , a . : reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903 - 1905 , wissenschaftliche ergebnisse 2 , [ 309 ] - 348 , 19 pls . ( 342 , pl . 19 )\nbakowski , m . , bartsch , d . & kallies , a . ( 2008 ) : a review of the similipepsini of the afrotropical region ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : tinthiini ) . \u2013 annales zoologici 58 ( 4 ) , 785 - 797 .\nbarnes , w . & benjamin , f . h . ( 1925 ) : change of a preoccupied name ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 27 ( 1 ) , 14 .\nbarnes , w . & lindsey , a . w . ( 1922 ) : descriptions of two new species of aegeriidae ( lep . ) . \u2013 bulletin of the brooklyn entomological society ( n . s . ) 18 ( 4 ) , 122 - 123 .\nbarnes , w . & mcdunnough , j . h . ( 1918 ) : notes and new species . \u2013 contributions to the natural history of the lepidoptera of north america 4 ( 2 ) , 61 - 208 . ( 178 )\nbartel , m . ( 1902 ) : die palaearktischen grossschmetterlinge und ihre naturgeschichte . zweiter band : nachtfalter . i . abteilung , 239 - 384 . \u2013 leipzig .\n- art aus der schweiz . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift ( guben ) 19 , 190 - 191 .\nbartel , m . ( 1912 ) : 24 . familie : aegeriidae ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 in seitz , a . ( ed . ) : die gro\u00dfschmetterlinge der erde 2 , 375 - 416 , pls 51 - 52 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2003 ) : beitrag zur glasfl\u00fcglerfauna von nepal ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 113 ( 5 ) , 145 , 149 - 151 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2004 ) : die sesienfauna zyperns - eine kommentierte \u00fcbersicht ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 114 ( 2 ) , 80 - 86 .\nbettag , 1997 aus marokko ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 116 ( 5 ) , 211 - 215 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2008 ) : redescription and systematic position of the afrotropical clearwing moth genus grypopalpia hampson , 1919 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 118 ( 5 ) , 221 - 224 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2008 ) : a review of the paranthrenini of the afrotropical region ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 118 ( 6 ) , 265 - 280 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2009 ) : melittosesia , a new genus of clearwing moths with a review of the sesiini boisduval , 1828 in madagascar ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 119 ( 1 ) , 9 - 16 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2010 ) : taxonomic revision of the clearwing moth genus crinipus hampson , 1896 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 zootaxa 2618 , 36 - 46 .\nbartsch , d . ( 2013 ) : revisionary checklist of the southern african sesiini ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) with description of new species .\nbartsch , d . ( 2015 ) : new taxa of southern african sesiini ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .\nbartsch , d . ( 2016a ) : revisionary checklist of the southern african osminiini ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .\nbartsch , d . ( 2016b ) : melittia fiebigi spec . nov . and afromelittia caerulea spec . nov . , two new melittiini from southern africa ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .\nannals of the ditsong national museum of natural history 6 , 109 - 115 .\nbartsch , d . & berg , j . ( 2012 ) : new species and review of the afrotropical clearwing moth genus camaegeria strand , 1914 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : synanthedonini ) . \u2013 zootaxa 3181 , 28 - 46 .\nspec . nov . ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 18 ( 1 ) , 29 - 40 .\nbartsch , d . , bettag , e . , bl\u00e4sius , r . & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2006 ) : zur kenntnis von pyropteron doryliforme ( ochsenheimer , 1808 ) , pyropteron biedermanni le cerf , 1925 und pyropteron ceriaeforme ( lucas , 1849 ) stat . rev . ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 116 ( 1 ) , 3 - 10 .\nbartsch , d . & kallies , a . ( 2008 ) : zur kenntnis einiger arten von chamaesphecia spuler , 1910 in marokko ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 118 ( 2 ) , 85 - 93 .\nbartsch , d . & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2011 ) : chamaesphecia cilicia sp . nov . aus dem taurus gebirge , t\u00fcrkei ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 2 ) , 89 - 91 .\nbartsch , d . & p\u00fchringer , f . ( 2005 ) : die glasfl\u00fcgler kretas ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 115 ( 3 ) , 131 - 139 .\nsp . nov . aus der s\u00fcdt\u00fcrkei ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 112 ( 3 ) , 78 - 80 .\n, zwei neue glasfl\u00fcgler arten aus afghanistan ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 120 ( 6 ) , 243 - 248 .\nbecker , v . o . ( 1984 ) : 29 . gelechiidae . \u2013 in heppner , j . ( ed . ) : atlas of neotropical lepidoptera . checklist : part 1 . micropterigoidea - immoidea 1 , 1 - 112 . ( 44 - 53 )\nbehrens , j . ( 1889 ) : in french , g . h . : some texas , arizona and california moths . \u2013 the canadian entomologist 21 ( 9 ) , 161 - 163 . ( 163 )\nbellier de la chavignerie , j . b . e . ( 1860 ) : observations sur la faune entomologique de la sicile . \u2013 annales de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de france ( troisi\u00e8me s\u00e9rie ) 8 ( 3 ) , 667 - 713 , pl . 12 . ( 681 - 684 )\nbertaccini , e . & fiumi , g . ( 2002 ) : bombici e sfingi d ' italia ( lepidoptera sesioidea ) 4 , 181 pp , 8 pls . ( 32 - 181 , pls 1 - 8 )\nsp . n . , ein neuer glasfl\u00fcgler aus marokko ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 18 ( 1 ) , 23 - 27 .\nbettag , e & bl\u00e4sius , r . ( 1998 ) : eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus marokko ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 phegea 26 ( 2 ) , 71 - 75 .\nbettag , e . & bl\u00e4sius , r . ( 1999 ) : \u00fcber den status von dipsosphecia megillaeformis var . tunetana ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 phegea 27 ( 3 ) , 93 - 101 .\n- art aus s\u00fcdspanien . une nouvelle esp\u00e8ce de synanthedon du sud de l ' espagne ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 revue de l ' association roussillonnaise d ' entomologie 11 ( 1 ) , 4 - 16 .\nbeutelspacher , b . c . r . ( 1983 ) : redefinicion taxonomica de montezumia cardinalis dampf ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 ciencia forestal 8 ( 43 ) , 24 - 32 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1893 ) : notes on some north american moths , with descriptions of new species . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 5 , 19 - 26 . ( 22 - 26 )\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1894a ) : studies of some species of north american aegeriidae . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 6 , 87 - 98 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1894b ) : on north american moths , with the description of a new species of triprocris . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 6 , 365 - 368 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1896 ) : critical review of the sesiidae found in america , north of mexico . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 8 , 111 - 148 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1897 ) : notes on north american sesiidae , with descriptions of new species . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 9 , 213 - 216 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1898 ) : three new species of sesiidae . \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 6 ( 4 ) , 240 - 241 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1899a ) : new african sesiidae . \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 7 , 170 - 172 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1899b ) : descriptions of and notes on some north american lepidoptera . \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 7 ( 4 ) , 254 - 256 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1900a ) : synopsis of the species of melittia of america , north of mexico , with description of a new species . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 12 ( 1899 ) , 149 - 151 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1900b ) : on some species of north american lepidoptera . \u2013 bulletin of the american museum of natural history 12 ( 1899 ) , 157 - 160 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1900d ) : two new sesiidae . \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 8 , 254 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1901 ) : monograph of the sesiidae of america , north of mexico . \u2013 memoirs of the american museum of natural history 1 ( 6 ) , 217 - 352 , pl . 29 - 36 .\n. \u2013 journal of the new york entomological society 10 ( 2 ) , 126 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1909 ) : descriptions of three new sesiidae . \u2013 entomological news 20 , 82 - 84 .\nbeutenm\u00fcller , w . ( 1916 ) : description of a new sesiid . \u2013 the canadian entomologist 48 ( 11 ) , 372 .\nboisduval , j . a . ( 1828 ) : europaeorum lepidopterorum index methodicus 1 , 103 pp . \u2013 paris . ( 29 - 31 )\nboisduval , j . a . ( 1829 - 1844 ) : dixi\u00e8me ordre : l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res . in gu\u00e9rin - m\u00e9n\u00e9ville , f . e . : iconographie du r\u00e8gne animal de g . cuvier , ou repr\u00e9sentation d ' apres nature de l ' une des esp\u00e8ces les plus remarquables , et souvent non encore figur\u00e9es , de chaque genre d ' animaux , vol . 2 and 3 , 576 pp , 104 pls . \u2013 paris . ( pl . 84 , [ 1832 ] ;\n( 1870 [ 1867 ] ) : lepidoptera eversmanniana . \u2013 horae societatis entomologicae rossicae 4 , 6 .\nbrethes , j . ( 1920 ) : insectos \u00fatiles y daninos de rio grande do sul y de la plata . \u2013 anales de la sociedad rural argentina 54 , 281 - 290 , 307 - 308 . ( 284 )\n( sesiidae ) , from florida . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 39 ( 4 ) , 262 - 265 .\nedwards ( lepidoptera aegeriidae ) . \u2013 notas del museo de la plata 6 ( 48 ) , 157 - 163 , pls i - ii .\nbryk , f . ( 1947 ) : neue ostasiatische aegeriiden ( lep . ) . \u2013 opuscula entomologica 12 , 96 - 109 .\nbryk , f . ( 1953 ) : lepidoptera aus dem amazonasgebiete und aus peru gesammelt von dr . douglas melin und dr . abraham roman . \u2013 arkiv f\u00f6r zoologi 5 ( 1 - 3 ) , 1 - 268 . ( 262 - 266 )\nburmeister , h . ( 1878 ) : l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res . \u2013 description physique de la r\u00e9publique argentine , d ' apres des observations personelles et \u00e9trang\u00e8res 5 ( 1 ) , vi + 526 pp , 24 pls . ( 359 - 362 )\nbusck , a . ( 1909 ) : notes on the family aegeriidae ( sesiidae ) , with a synoptic table of the north american genera . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 11 ( 3 ) , 115 - 118 .\nbusck , a . ( 1910 ) : list of trinidad microlepidoptera , with descriptions of new forms . \u2013 bulletin of the department of agriculture 9 , 241 - 245 . ( 242 - 243 )\nbusck , a . ( 1913a ) : new microlepidoptera from british guiana . \u2013 insecutor inscitiae menstruus 1 , 88 - 92 .\nbusck , a . ( 1913b ) : two microlepidoptera injurious to chestnut . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 15 ( 3 ) , 102 - 104 .\nbusck , a . ( 1914 ) : descriptions of new microlepidoptera of forest trees . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 16 ( 4 ) , 143 - 150 , pls vii - viii . ( 143 - 144 )\nbusck , a . ( 1915a ) : descriptions of new north american microlepidoptera . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 17 ( 2 ) , 79 - 94 . ( 80 - 81 )\nbusck , a . ( 1915b ) : new genera and species of microlepidoptera from panama . \u2013 proceedings of the united states national museum 47 ( 2043 ) ( 1914 ) , 1 - 67 . ( 61 )\nbusck , a . ( 1920 ) : descriptions of new central american microlepidoptera . \u2013 insecutor inscitiae menstruus 8 ( 4 - 6 ) , 83 - 95 . ( 83 )\nbusck , a . ( 1929 ) : a new aegeriid on cowpea from brazil ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 31 ( 7 ) , 134 - 137 .\nbutler , a . g . ( 1874 ) : notes on the aegeriidae , with descriptions of new genera and species . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( fourth series ) 14 , 407 - 411 .\nbutler , a . g . ( 1876 ) : descriptions of lepidoptera from the collection of lieut . howland roberts . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london , 308 - 310 . ( 309 , pl . xxii )\nbutler , a . g . ( 1878 ) : illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum 2 , 62 pp , pls 21 - 40 - london . ( 59 - 61 , pl . 40 )\nbutler , a . g . ( 1881 ) : descriptions of new genera and species of heterocerous lepidoptera from japan . \u2013 the transactions of the entomological society of london ( 4\nbutler , a . g . ( 1882 ) : descriptions of new species of lepidoptera , chiefly from duke - of - york island and new britain . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( fifth series ) 10 , 36 - 43 , 149 - 160 , 226 - 238 . ( 237 - 238 )\nbutler , a . g . ( 1883 ) : heterocerous lepidoptera collected in chili by thomas edmonds , esq . part iv . \u2013 pyrales and micros . \u2013 the transactions of the entomological society of london ( 4\n, n . g . in pryer , h . j . s . : on two remarkable cases of mimicry from elopura , british north borneo . \u2013 the transactions of the entomological society of london ( 4\nbutler , a . g . ( 1896 ) : on a collection of butterflies obtained by mr . richard crawshay in nyasa - land , between the months of january and april 1895 . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london , 108 - 136 . ( 134 , pl . vi )\nbutler , a . g . ( 1902 ) : on two collections of lepidoptera made by sir harry johnston , k . c . b . , in the uganda protectorate during the year 1900 . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london ( 1 ) , 44 - 51 . ( 50 , pl . 1 )\nbytinski - salz , h . ( [ 1937 ] ) : secondo contributo alla conoscenza della lepidotterofauna della sardegna . \u2013 memorie della societa entomologica italiana 15 ( 2 ) ( 1936 ) , 194 - 212 . ( 198 )\ncl . \u2013 deutsche entomologische zeitschrift iris 2 ( 1889 ) , 268 - 269 .\ncapuse , i . ( 1973a ) : 236 . aegeriidae . ergebnisse der zoologischen forschungen von dr . z . kaszab in der mongolei ( lepidoptera ) . \u2013 reichenbachia ( zeitschrift f\u00fcr entomologische taxonomie ) 14 ( 15 ) , 109 - 124 .\ncapuse , i . ( 1973b ) : zur systematik und morphologie der typen der sesiidae ( lepidoptera ) in der r . p\u00fcngeler - sammlung des zoologischen museums zu berlin . \u2013 mitteilungen der m\u00fcnchner entomologischen gesellschaft 63 , 134 - 171 .\nclarke , j . f . g . ( 1962 ) : neotropical microlepidoptera . ii . a new genus and species of clear - wing moth injurious to fig in colombia ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . \u2013 proceedings of the united states national museum 113 , 383 - 388 .\nclemens , b . ( 1860 ) : contributions to american lepidopterology . \u2013 no . 3 . \u2013 proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 12 , 4 - 15 . ( 14 - 15 )\nclerck , c . a . ( 1759 - [ 1764 ] ) : icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . syst . nat . allegatis 1 , 21 pp , 55 pls . \u2013 stockholm . { 1759 : pls 1 - 16 ; 1764 : pls 17 - 55 } ( pl . 9 , 1759 )\ncloss , a . ( 1916 ) : einige neue sphingidenformen ( lep . ) . \u2013 entomologische mitteilungen 5 ( 5 / 8 ) , 199 - 200 . ( 200 )\ncloss , a . g . ( 1920 ) : [ contribution ] . in : berliner entomologen - bund : sitzung am 20 . m\u00e4rz 1919 . \u2013 internationale entomologische zeitschrift 14 , 13 .\n, spec . nov . ( lep . het . , sphingidae ) . \u2013 internationale entomologische zeitschrift 16 ( 14 ) , 118 .\ncockayne , e . a . ( 1955 ) : aberrations of british lepidoptera . \u2013 entomologist ' s gazette 6 , 3 - 6 , pl . 1 . ( 3 )\ncockerell , t . d . a . ( 1908 ) : new sesiid moths . \u2013 the canadian entomologist 40 ( 9 ) , 329 - 331 .\ncosta , o . g . ( 1832 - 1836 ) : fauna del regno di napoli . . . a . lepidotteri 1 , 20 - 21 .\ncramer , p . ( 1775 - 1779 ) : de uitlandsche kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld - deelen asia , africa en america ( papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde , l ' asie , l ' afrique et l ' amerique ) 1 , 155 pp , 96 pls . \u2013 amsterdam . { 1775 : issues 1 - 7 , 1776 : issue 8 } ( 83 , pl . 52 , 1775 )\ncramer , p . ( 1775 - 1779 ) : de uitlandsche kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld - deelen asia , africa en america ( papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde , l ' asie , l ' afrique et l ' amerique ) 2 , 151 pp , pls 97 - 192 . \u2013 amsterdam . ( 73 , 80 , 151 ( index ) , pls 142 , 146 , 1777 )\ncyrillus , d . ( 1787 ) : entomologiae neapolitanae specimen primum , 8 p . , 12 pls . \u2013 neapoli . ( pl . 4 )\ndalla torre , k . w . & strand , e . ( 1925 ) : aegeriidae . \u2013 lepidopterorum catalogus 31 , 202 pp .\ndalman , j . w . ( 1816 ) : f\u00f6rs\u00f6k till systematisk uppst\u00e4llning af sveriges fj\u00e4rilar . \u2013 kongliga svenska vetenskaps - akademiens handlingar 37 , 48 - 101 , 129 , 199 - 225 .\ndampf , a . ( 1930 ) : dos plagas de los bosques de mexico nuevas para la ciencia . \u2013 mexico forestal 8 ( 8 ) , 179 - 181 .\nde freina , j . j . : see freina , j . j . de\n[ denis , m . & schifferm\u00fcller , i . ] ( 1775 ) : ank\u00fcndung eines systematischen werkes von den schmetterlingen der wienergegend [ sic ] , 323 pp . \u2013 wien . ( 30 , 44 , 305 - 306 )\ndiakonoff , a . n . ( 1954 ) : microlepidoptera of new guinea . results of the third archibold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv . \u2013 verhandelingen / koninklijke nederlandse akademie van wetenschappen , afdeeling natuurkunde . reeks 2 50 ( 1 ) ( 1952 - 1955 ) , 1 - 191 . ( 180 - 190 )\ndiakonoff , a . n . ( [ 1968 ] ) : microlepidoptera of the philippine islands . \u2013 united states national museum bulletin 257 ( 1967 ) , 1 - 484 . ( 218 - 235 )\ndonovan , e . ( 1795 ) : the natural history of british insects : explainig them in their several states , the periods of their transformations , their food , oeconomy & c . , together with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope 4 , 96 + 6 pp , pls 109 - 144 . ( 21 )\ndonovan , e . ( 1797 ) : the natural history of british insects : explainig them in their several states . . . 6 , 86 + 6 pp , pls 181 - 216 . ( 35 , pl . 195 )\ndruce , h . ( 1881 - 1900 ) : lepidoptera - heterocera . \u2013 in godman , f . d . & salvin , o . ( eds . ) : biologia 39 / 1 , 490 pp ; 40 / 2 , 622 pp ; 41 / 3 , pls 1 - 101 . \u2013 london . { vol . 39 / 1 : 1 - 24 ( 1881 ) , 25 - 32 ( 1883 ) , 33 - 112 ( 1884 ) ; vol . 2 : 273 - 336 ( 1896 ) , 337 - 440 ( 1897 ) , 441 - 536 ( 1898 ) , 537 - 592 ( 1899 ) , 593 - 622 ( 1900 ) } ( 39 / 1 : 28 - 34 , 1883 - 1884 ; 40 / 2 : 321 - 326 , 1896 ; 41 / 3 : pls 5 , 68 - 69 )\ndruce , h . ( 1882 ) : descriptions of new species of aegeriidae and sphingidae . \u2013 the entomologist ' s monthly magazine 19 , 15 - 18 . ( 15 )\ndruce , h . ( 1889 ) : descriptions of new species of lepidoptera , chiefly from central america . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( sixth series ) 4 , 77 - 94 . ( 78 - 82 )\ndruce , h . ( 1892 ) : description of a new genus and some new species of heterocera from central america . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( sixth series ) 9 , 275 - 279 . ( 275 - 276 )\ndruce , h . ( 1893 ) : descriptions of new species of lepidoptera heterocera from central and south america . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london , 280 - 311 , [ pls xix - xxi ] . ( 280 )\ndruce , h . ( 1898 ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( seventh series ) 1 , 207 - 215 . ( 207 )\ndruce , h . ( 1899 ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( seventh series ) 4 , 200 - 205 . ( 201 - 205 )\ndruce , h . ( 1910a ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera from tropical africa . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( eighth series ) 5 , 393 - 402 . ( 401 )\ndruce , h . ( 1910b ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera from east and west africa and tropical south america . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( eighth series ) 6 , 168 - 183 ( 180 - 181 ) .\ndruce , h . ( 1911 ) : descriptions of some new species of heterocera from tropical south america , and two new species of geometridae from west africa . \u2013 the annals and magazine of natural history ( eighth series ) 7 , 287 - 294 . ( 292 )\ndrury , d . ( 1773 ) : illustrations of natural history , wherein are exhibited upwards of two hundred and forty figures of exotic insects , according to their different genera . . . 2 , 9 + 90 pp , 50 pls . \u2013 london . ( 49 )\ndrury , d . ( 1782 ) : illustrations of natural history . . . exotic insects . . . 3 , 15 + 76 pp , 50 pls . \u2013 london . ( 3 , pl . 2 ) .\nduckworth , w . d . ( 1969 ) : a new species of aegeriidae from venezuela predaceous on scale insects ( lepidoptera : yponomeutoidea ) . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 71 ( 4 ) , 487 - 490 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1973a ) : the type - material of north american clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 smithsonian contributions to zoology 148 , 1 - 34 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1973b ) : new species of clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from north america . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 75 ( 2 ) , 150 - 159 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1974 ) : clearwing moths of australia and new zealand ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 smithsonian contributions to zoology 180 , 1 - 45 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1976 ) : a new species of clearwing moth ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from northern mexico and southeastern arizona . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 78 ( 3 ) , 304 - 308 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1977a ) : two new species of clearwing moths ( sesiidae ) from eastern north america clarified by sex pheromones . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 31 ( 3 ) , 191 - 196 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1977b ) : a new species of clearwing moth from southcentral texas ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 the pan - pacific entomologist 53 ( 3 ) , 175 - 178 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1977c ) : a classification of the sesiidae of america north of mexico ( lepidoptera , sesioidea ) . \u2013 occasional papers in entomology 26 , 1 - 54 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1978 ) : the type - material of central and south american clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 smithsonian contributions to zoology 261 , 1 - 28 .\nduckworth , w . d . & eichlin , t . d . ( 1983 ) : revision of the clearwing moth genus osminia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 smithsonian contributions to zoology 361 , 1 - 15 .\ndumont , c . ( 1922 ) : diagnoses de l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res nouveaux du nord de l ' afrique . \u2013 bulletin de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de france ( 15 ) , 215 - 220 . ( 215 - 217 )\nduponchel , p . a . j . ( 1835 ) : cr\u00e9pusculaires . \u2013 supplement a l ' histoire naturelle 2 , 197 pp , 12 pls . ( 108 , 112 - 116 , 129 , 167 , pl . 9 )\ndurrant , j . h . ( 1914 ) : descriptions of two new tineina ( lep . ) from the lagos district . \u2013 the transactions of the entomological society of london ( 4\ndurrant , j . h . ( 1915 ) : microlepidoptera ( pterophorina and tineina ) collected by the british ornithologists ' union and wollaston expeditions in the snow mountains , southern dutch new guinea . \u2013 lepidoptera of the british ornithologists ' union and wollaston expeditions in the snow mountains , southern dutch new guinea 2 ( 15 ) , 149 - 168 . ( 166 )\ndurrant , j . h . ( 1919 ) : three new genera of tineina resembling aegeriadae [ sic ] . \u2013 novitates zoologicae 26 ( 1 ) , 120 - 122 .\ndurrant , j . h . ( 1924 ) : in : examples of the mimicry of hymenoptera by other insects . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of london ( 1923 - 1924 ) , lxxv - lxxvi .\ndyar , h . g . ( [ 1903 ] ) : a list of north american lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects . \u2013 bulletin of the united states national museum 52 ( 1902 ) , 1 - 723 . ( 364 - 371 )\ndyar , h . g . ( 1904 ) : additions to the list of north american lepidoptera , no . 2 . \u2013 proceedings of the entomological society of washington 6 ( 2 ) , 103 - 119 . ( 106 )\neda , k . , arita , y . , kallies , a . & wang , m . ( 2015 ) : a new long - legged clearwing moth species of the genus teinotarsina felder & felder , 1874 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from guangdong , china . \u2013 tinea 23 ( 3 ) , 128 - 130 . eda , k . & arita , y . ( 2015 ) : see eda , k . , arita , y . , kallies , a . & wang , m . ( 2015 ) .\nedwards , h . ( 1880 ) : descriptions of some new forms of aegeriidae . \u2013 bulletin of the brooklyn entomological society 3 ( 8 ) , 71 - 72 .\nedwards , h . ( 1881 ) : new genera and species of the family aegeridae . \u2013 papilio 1 ( 10 ) , 179 - 208 , pl . 4 .\nedwards , h . ( 1882a ) : notes on n . american aegeridae , with descriptions of new forms . \u2013 papilio 2 ( 4 ) , 52 - 57 .\nedwards , h . ( 1882b ) : further notes and descriptions of north american aegeriadae . \u2013 papilio 2 ( 6 ) , 96 - 99 .\nedwards , h . ( 1882c ) : descriptions of new species of n . am . heterocera . \u2013 papilio 2 ( 8 ) , 123 - 130 . ( 123 - 124 )\nedwards , h . ( 1883 ) : new species of aegeriadae . \u2013 papilio 3 ( 7 - 10 ) , 155 - 157 .\nedwards , h . ( 1885 ) : new species of californian moths . \u2013 entomologica americana 1 ( 3 ) , 49 - 50 . ( 49 )\nedwards , h . ( 1887 ) : descriptions of new species of north american heterocera , with notes . \u2013 the canadian entomologist 19 ( 8 ) , 145 - 147 .\nedwards , h . ( 1888 ) : catalogue of species of the higher families of the north american heterocera , described since grote ' s\nnew check list\n( 1872 ) , with those omitted from that publication . \u2013 entomologica americana 3 ( 12 ) , 221 - 232 . ( 223 - 224 )\nedwards , h . ( 1891 ) : [ contribution ] . in lugger , o . : two new lepidopterous borers . \u2013 psyche 6 , 108 - 109 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1986 ) : western hemisphere clearwing moths of the subfamily tinthiinae ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomography 4 , 315 - 378 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1987 ) : three new western hemisphere clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : sesiinae ) . \u2013 entomography 5 , 531 - 540 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1989 ) : western hemisphere clear wing moths of the subfamily paranthreninae ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 entomography 6 , 159 - 212 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1992 ) : clearwing moths of baja california , mexico ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 tropical lepidoptera 3 ( 2 ) , 135 - 150 .\neichlin , t . d . ( [ 1993 ] ) : a new texas clearwing moth ( sesiidae : sesiinae ) . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 46 ( 4 ) ( 1992 ) , 265 - 268 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1995a ) : a new panamanian clearwing moth ( sesiidae : sesiinae ) . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 49 ( 1 ) , 39 - 42 .\na new north american clearwing moth and notes on a rare species ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 49 ( 2 ) , 114 - 118 .\neichlin , t . d . ( 1995c ) : 65 . sesiidae . in heppner , j . ( ed . ) : atlas of neotropical lepidoptera . checklist : part 2 . hyblaeoidea - pyraloidea - tortricoidea 3 , 17 - 18 , 109 - 113 . eichlin , t . d . ( 1998 ) : western hemisphere clearwing moths of the tribe osminiini ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : sesiinae ) . \u2013 holarctic lepidoptera 5 ( 1 ) , 23 - 33 . eichlin , t . d . ( 2002 ) : in eichlin , t . d . & kinnee , s . a . : brazilian sesiidae in the collection of the universit\u00e4t des saarlandes , saarbr\u00fccken , germany ( lepidoptera ) . \u2013 zootaxa 108 , 1 - 15 . eichlin , t . d . ( 2003a ) : carmenta munroei , a new clearwing moth from costa rica ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 tropical lepidoptera 11 ( 1 - 2 ) , 42 - 43 . eichlin , t . d . ( 2003b ) : carmenta guayaba , a new clearwing moth from peru ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 tropical lepidoptera 11 ( 1 - 2 ) , 44 - 45 .\neichlin , t . d . , delgado , o . s . , strathie , l . w . , zachariades , c . & clavijo , j . ( 2009 ) : carmenta chromolaenae eichlin , a new species ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) for the biological control of chromolaena odorata ( l . ) king & robinson ( asteraceae ) . \u2013 zootaxa 2288 , 42 - 50 .\neichlin , t . d . & duckworth , w . d . ( 1988 ) : the moths of america north of mexico . fascicle 5 . 1 . sesioidea , sesiidae , 176 pp . \u2013 washington .\n. \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 37 ( 3 ) ( 1983 ) , 193 - 206 .\nclearwing moth from michigan ( sesiidae ) . \u2013 journal of the lepidopterists ' society 42 ( 3 ) , 231 - 235 .\nemich von em\u00f6ke , g . ( 1872 ) : descriptions de l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res de transcaucasie . \u2013 revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliqu\u00e9e , series 2 , 23 ( 2 ) ( 1871 - 1872 ) , 63 - 64 .\nengelhardt , g . p . ( 1925a ) : studies in north american aegeriidae ( lepidoptera ) . i . descriptions and corrections of species from long island , new york . ii . descriptions of two new western species . \u2013 bulletin of the brooklyn entomological society ( n . s . ) 20 ( 2 ) , 61 - 69 .\nengelhardt , g . p . ( 1925b ) : studies of north american aegeriidae ( lepidoptera ) . iii .\nroot borers of america north of mexico . \u2013 bulletin of the brooklyn entomological society ( n . s . ) 20 ( 4 ) , 153 - 158 .\nengelhardt , g . p . ( 1946 ) : the north american clear - wing moths of the family aegeriidae . \u2013 bulletin of the united states national museum 190 , iv + 222 pp .\nerschoff , n . g . ( 1874 ) : cheshuyekriliya ( lepidoptera ) . \u2013 travels in turkestan ( fedtchenko ) 2 ( 5 ) , 128 pp . ( 26 - 27 , pl . 5 ) [ in russian ]\nerschoff , n . g . ( 1874 ) : lepidopteren von turkestan . \u2013 stettiner entomologische zeitung 35 ( 10 - 12 ) , 386 - 417 . ( 393 )\nesper , e . j . c . ( 1778 - 1786 ) : die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen 2 , 234 pp , pls 1 - 36 . \u2013 erlangen . { title page : 1779 ; 1778 : pls 1 - 6 ; 1779 : 1 - 80 , pls 7 - 18 ; 1780 : 81 - 196 , pls 19 - 25 ; 1782 : 197 - 212 , pls 26 - 31 ; 1783 : 213 - 228 , pls 32 - 35 ; 1786 : 229 - 234 , pl . 36 } ( 122 , 131 - 135 , 205 - 217 , 230 - 232 , 234 , pls 14 - 15 , 23 , 29 - 32 , 36 )\nesper , e . j . c . ( 1789 - [ 1804 ] ) : fortsetzung der europ\u00e4ischen schmetterlinge . \u2013 die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen 2 ( suppl . ) , 52 pp , pls 37 - 47 . \u2013 erlangen . { [ 1789 ] : 5 - 12 , pls [ 38 - 40 ] ; 1800 : 21 - 40 , pls 42 - 46 ; [ 1803 - 1804 ] : 41 - 52 , pl . 47 } ( 5 , 9 , 25 , 29 - 30 , 44 - 47 , pls 37 - 38 , 42 , 44 , 47 )\neversmann , e . ( 1844 ) : fauna lepidoperologica volgo - uralensis exhibens lepidopterorum species quas per viginti quinque annos in provinciis volgam fluvium inter et montes uralenses sitis observavit et descripsit , 633 pp . \u2013 casan . ( 100 - 105 )\nfabricius , j . c . ( 1775 ) : systema entomologiae , sistens insectorum classes , ordines , genera , species , adiectis synonymis , locis , descriptionibus , observationibus , 30 + 832 pp . \u2013 flensburg u . leipzig . ( 547 - 549 )\nfabricius , j . c . ( 1787 ) : mantissa insectorum sistens species nuper detectas adiectis synonymis , observationibus , descriptionibus , emendationibus 2 , 382 pp . \u2013 hafniae . ( 98 - 101 )\nfabricius , j . c . ( 1793 ) : entomologica systematica emendata et aucta : secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , adiectis synonymis , locis , observationibus , descriptionibus 3 ( 1 ) , 4 + 487 pp . \u2013 hafniae . ( 379 - 385 , 404 )\n[ fabricius , j . c . ] ( 1807 ) : in illiger , j . c . : die neueste gattungs - eintheilung der schmetterlinge aus den linn\u00e9ischen gattungen\n. \u2013 magazin f\u00fcr insektenkunde ( illiger ) 6 , 277 - 295 . ( 288 , 294 )\nfailla - tedaldi , l . ( 1883 ) : caccia di lepidotteri rari . \u2013 il naturalista siciliano 2 ( 11 ) , 249 - 250 .\nfailla - tedaldi , l . ( 1890 ) : contribuzione alla fauna lepidotterologica della sicilia . descrizione di alcune nuove specie . \u2013 il naturalista siciliano 10 ( 2 - 3 ) , 25 - 31 , pl i .\nfawcett , j . m . ( 1916 ) : notes on a collection of heterocera made by mr . w . feather in british east africa , 1911 - 13 . \u2013 proceedings of the zoological society of london ( 2 ) , 707 - 737 . ( 736 - 737 , pl . i )\nfelder , c . ( 1861 ) : lepidopterorum amboinensium a dre . l . doleschall annis 1856 - 58 collectorum species novae diagnosibus collustratae a dre . c . felder , ii heterocera . \u2013 sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften , abt . 1 , 43 ( i ) , 25 - 44 .\nfelder , r . ( 1874 ) : lepidoptera : atlas . in felder , c . , felder , r . & rogenhofer , a . f . : reise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den befehlen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . zweiter band . zweite abtheilung ( fasc . 4 ) , 10 pp , pls 75 - 107 . ( 2 - 9 , pls 75 , 82 )\nfelder , r . & rogenhofer , a . f . ( 1875 ) : lepidoptera : atlas . in felder , c . , felder , r . & rogenhofer , a . f . : reise der \u00f6sterreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den befehlen des commodore b . von w\u00fcllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . zweiter band . zweite abtheilung ( fasc . 5 ) , 20 pp , pls 108 - 140 . ( 9 )\nfilipjev , n . ( 1931 ) : lepidoptera . \u2013 trudy pamirskoj expedicii 1928 ( abhandlungen der pamir - expedition 1928 ) 8 , 143 - 174 . ( 161 - 163 )\nsp . nov . , eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus den cameron highlands in malaysia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 112 ( 5 ) , 141 - 143 .\nsp . nov . , eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus den cameron highlands in malaysia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 113 ( 5 ) , 139 - 141 .\nsp . nov . , eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus sumatra ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 entomologische zeitschrift 115 ( 2 ) , 91 - 93 .\nsp . n . , a new clearwing moth species from the cameron highlands in west malaysia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 27 ( 1 / 2 ) , 53 - 54 .\nfischer , h . ( 2006b ) : a new tribe , genus and species of clearwing moths from the afrotropical region ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 atalanta 37 ( 1 / 2 ) , 219 - 224 .\nfischer , h . ( 2006c ) : corrigendum zur publikation\na new tribe , genus and species of clearwing moths from the afrotropical region\nin atalanta 37 . band , heft 1 / 2 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , sesiinae ) . \u2013 atalanta 37 ( 3 / 4 ) , 328 .\n, h . ( 2007 ) : eine neue gattung mit einer neuen art , rubukona svetlanae gen . et spec . nov . , in der tribus paranthrenin\n, 1964 aus der afrotropischen region ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , paranthrenini ) . \u2013 atalanta 38 ( 3 / 4 ) , 361 - 364 .\nfischer , h . ( 2011 ) : adixoa pyromacula sp . n . , eine neue sesiide aus thailand ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , paranthrenini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 31 ( 4 ) , 207 - 209 . fitzsimons , v . , codd , l . e . , janse , a . j . t . , munro , h . k . , pringle , j . a . & vari , l . ( 1958 ) : a list of zoological and botanical types preserved in collections in southern and east africa . volume i \u2013 zoology 1 ( 1 ) , 147 pp .\nfixsen , c . ( 1887 ) : lepidoptera aus korea . \u2013 in romanoff , n . m . ( ed . ) : m\u00e9moires sur les l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res 3 , 233 - 356 , pl . 15 . ( 323 - 324 )\nist ein femininum , kein neutrum ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 17 ( 2 ) , 190 .\nfletcher , t . b . ( 1929 ) : a list of the generic names used for microlepidoptera . \u2013 memoirs of the department of agriculture in india , entomological series 11 , 1 - 244 .\nfletcher , t . b . ( 1940 ) : new generic names for microlepidoptera . \u2013 the entomologist ' s record and journal of variation 52 ( 1 ) , 17 - 19 . ( 18 )\nfletcher , d . s . ( 1982 ) : in fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . : the generic names of moths of the world . volume 4 . bombycoidea , castnioidea , cossoidea , mimallonoidea . sesioidea , sphingoidea , zygaenoidea . \u2013 british museum ( natural history ) publication no . 848 , 192 pp . \u2013 london .\nfreina , j . j . de ( 1983 ) : 4 . beitrag zur systematischen erfassung der bombyces - und sphinges - fauna kleinasiens . neue kenntnisse \u00fcber artenspektrum , systematik und nomenklatur sowie beschreibung neuer taxa . \u2013 mitteilungen der m\u00fcnchner entomologischen gesellschaft 72 ( 1982 ) , 57 - 127 . ( 72 - 76 )\nfreina , j . j . de ( 2007 ) : eine neue art der gattung melittia h\u00fcbner , 1819 aus dem dhofar , s\u00fcdoman ( sesiidae : sesiinae : melittiini ) . \u2013 nota lepidopterologica 30 ( 1 ) , 51 - 57 .\nfreina , j . j . de ( 2008 ) : beschreibung von cabomina gen . n . , cabomina monicae sp . n . und cabomina dracomontana sp . n . aus s\u00fcdafrika ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae , osminiini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 29 ( 3 ) , 163 - 169 .\n( 2011a ) : vier neue sesiiden und eine unbestimmte homogyna - art aus dem s\u00fcdlichen afrika ( lepidoptera , sesiidae : osminiini , sesiini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 31 ( 4 ) , 211 - 218 . freina , j . j .\n( 2011b ) : noctusphecia puchneri gen . et sp . n . , eine neue gattung und nachtaktive glasfl\u00fcglerart aus tansania ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae , osminiini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 32 ( 1 / 2 ) , 48 - 50 . freina , j . j .\n( 2011c ) : neue arten der gattung thyranthrene hampson , 1919 aus s\u00fcdafrika ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , paranthrenini ) . \u2013 nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 32 ( 1 / 2 ) , 51 - 56 .\n( 2013 ) : synanthedon angolana sp . n . , eine neue glasfl\u00fcglerart aus angola ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : sesiinae , synanthedonini ) . - nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . 34 ( 3 ) , 125 - 126 .\nfreina , j . j . de & lingenh\u00f6le , a . ( 2000 ) : beitrag zur sesiidae - fauna israels und pal\u00e4stinas ( insecta , lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 mitteilungen der m\u00fcnchner entomologischen gesellschaft 90 , 75 - 84 .\nfreyer , c . f . ( 1836 ) : neuere beitr\u00e4ge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur 2 , 162 pp , pls 97 - 192 . \u2013 augsburg . ( 140 - 142 , pl . 182 )\nfreyer , c . f . ( 1842 ) : neuere beitr\u00e4ge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur 4 , 167 pp , pls 289 - 384 . \u2013 augsburg . ( 129 - 131 , pl . 362 )\nfreyer , c . f . ( 1843 ) : neuere beitr\u00e4ge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur 5 , 166 pp , pls 385 - 480 . \u2013 augsburg . ( 35 - 36 , pl . 404 )\nfriedlander , t . p . ( 1986 ) : a new squash borer from mexico ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . \u2013 the journal of research on the lepidoptera 24 ( 4 ) ( 1985 ) , 277 - 288 .\nnov . spec . \u2013 internationale entomologische zeitschrift 2 ( 5 ) , 33 .\ngaede , m . ( 1929 ) : aegeriidae . \u2013 in seitz , a . ( ed . ) : die gro\u00dfschmetterlinge der erde 14 , 515 - 538 , pl . 77 .\ngaede , m . ( 1933 ) : aegeriidae . \u2013 in seitz , a . ( ed . ) : die gro\u00dfschmetterlinge der erde , suppl . 2 , 229 - 240 , pl . 16 .\ngarrevoet , t . , garrevoet , w . & \u00f6zbek , h . ( 2007 ) : data on the geographic distribution of sesiidae ( lepidoptera ) in turkey . \u2013 linzer biologische beitr\u00e4ge 39 ( 2 ) , 929 - 953 .\ngeoffroy , e . l . ( 1785 ) : [ contribution ] . in fourcroy , a . f . : entomologia parisiensis ; sive catalogus insectorum quae in agro parisiensi reperiuntur . . . cui addita sunt nomina trivialia & fere trecentae novae species 2 , 544 pp . ( 252 )\ngermadius , p . ( 1874 ) : a new aegerian maple borer . \u2013 the american naturalist 8 , 57 - 58 .\nghiliani , v . ( 1852 ) : materiali per servire alla compilazione della fauna entomologica italiana ossia elenco delle specie di lepidotteri riconosciuti esistenti negli stati sardi . \u2013 memorie della reale accademia della scienze di torino ( serie 2 ) 14 , 20 , 85 , 131 - 247 . ( 216 )\ngiacomelli , e . ( 1911 ) : lepid\u00f3pteros riojanos nuevos \u00f3 poco conocidos . \u2013 anales de la sociedad cientifica argentina 72 , 19 - 40 . ( 29 - 30 )\ngmelin , j . f . ( 1790 ) : caroli a linn\u00e9 systema naturae . per regna tria naturae secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis 1 ( 5 ) ( ed . 13 ) . \u2013 leipzig . ( 2388 - 2390 )\ngodart , m . j . - b . ( 1822 ) : cr\u00e9pusculaires . \u2013 histoire naturelle des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res ou papillons de france 3 . ( 6 , 74 - 121 , pl . xxi )\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from azerbaijan . \u2013 zoologichesky zhurnal 65 ( 6 ) , 938 - 940 . [ in russian ]\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from talysh . \u2013 vestnik zoologii 1987 ( 3 ) , 12 - 18 . [ in russian ]\n( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from talysh . \u2013 vestnik zoologii 1987 ( 2 ) , 14 - 20 . [ in russian ]\ngorbunov , o . ( 1988a ) : a new contribution to the knowledge of clearwing moths ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of vietnam . \u2013 in medvedev , l . n . & striganova , b . r . ( eds ) : fauna i ekologiya nasekomykh vetnama [ the fauna and ecology of insects of vietnam ] , 192 - 198 . [ in russian ]\ngorbunov , o . ( 1988b ) : a new species and genus of the clearwing moths ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of the subfamily tinthiinae from the primorsky kray ( far east ) . \u2013 biologiyeckie nauki 7 , 45 - 47 . [ in russian with english summary ]\ngorbunov , o . ( 1989 ) : two new species of lepidoptera ( sesiidae ) from the kopet - dag . \u2013 zoologichesky zhurnal 68 ( 10 ) , 141 - 145 . [ in russian with english summary ]\nh\u00fcbner , 1819 from the caucasus , usssr ( lep . , sesiidae ) . \u2013 atalanta 20 ( 1 / 4 ) ( 1989 ) , 119 - 123 .\ngorbunov , o . ( 1991a ) : six new species of the clearwing moths from the caucasus , ussr ( lep . , sesiidae ) . \u2013 atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) , 125 - 143 , 378 - 379 .\nh\u00fcbner , 1819 from middle asia ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 atalanta 23 ( 1 / 2 ) , 249 - 253 .\ngorbunov , o . ( 1992b ) : revision of the types of the sesiidae ( lepidoptera ) , preserved in the collection of the zoological museum of kiev state university . \u2013 entomologitscheskoje obozrenie 71 ( 1 ) , 121 - 133 . [ in russian ] ( english translation in entomological review )\ncapuse , 1973 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from central asia . \u2013 tinea 14 ( 1 ) , 27 - 32 .\ngorbunov , o . ( 1994b ) : new and little - known clearwing moths from central asia ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 tyo to ga 45 ( 3 ) , 157 - 168 .\nh\u00fcbner , [ 1819 ] from the european part of russia ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . \u2013 atalanta 25 ( 3 / 4 ) ( 1995 ) , 563 - 566 , 622 - 623 ."]}