sir tristram ( ire ) ( 7 april 1971 – 21 may 1997 ) was an irish-bred thoroughbred racehorse who stood at stud in new zealand , where he sired an extraordinary 45 group one winners , including three melbourne cup winners .

his progeny earned him 17 official leading australasian sire premierships , plus nine broodmare sire titles .

sir tristram

shuttling between hemispheres would not have been for sir tristram , sir patrick said .
sir patrick recalled meeting with sir tristram ' s trackwork rider long after he had finished racing .
sir patrick is amazed as anyone that he has now got a sire to follow in sir tristram ' s hoof marks . his name is zabeel , a son of sir tristram .
sir patrick said for a sire that did not shuttle between hemispheres , sir tristram ' s record remained outstanding .
sir patrick admitted it was only out duty to sir tristram that he purchased zabeel who has also become a champion sire .
by sir ivor out of the round table mare isolt , sir tristram’s arrival in new zealand in 1975 wasn’t greeted with the enthusiasm sir patrick hogan had hoped for .
less than a year later sir tristram was gone . breaking his shoulder in a paddock accident , sir tristram was unable to be saved . he was euthanised on may 21 , 1997 .
irish born stallion sir tristram has left an indelible mark on the australasian breeding and racing scene .
it may well have been blessing in disguise that sir patrick hogan was totally unaware of sir tristram when he stood about 50 metres from him .
but it was that strong spirit that was the making of sir tristram , according to sir patrick and he was not about to break it .
by sir ivor out of the round table mare , isolt , sir tristram ' s arrival in new zealand in 1975 wasn ' t greeted with the enthusiasm sir patrick hogan had hoped for .
tristram and isoud la blanche mains returned to britanny and sir lamorak returned to britain , where he saved a damosel from sir gawaine , saved then slew sir frol , and then fought then made friends with frol’s father , sir belliance le orgulus .
it ' s now history sir patrick plumped , sight unseen , for sir tristram who went on to become one of the world ' s great sires .
“sir tristram” was severely damaged and “sir galahad” lost , both with heavy casualties during the 1982 “falkland conflict” . “sir tristram” was carried home on a barge , rebuilt and lengthened between 1983 - 85 . she was still in service in 1997 . “sir galahad” was replaced by a new vessel of the same name .
on arrival sir tristram ' s ill temper and some shareholder rejection caused hogan more than a few headaches .
in his book sir patrick described how sir tristram one day grabbed him by his teeth and was left dangling under the horse ' s neck for several seconds .
one day , tristram’s cousin , sir andred , tipped off king mark and he caught tristram and isoud chatting and he made a scene , whereupon tristram humiliated him and went off into the forest to kill several of his uncle’s knights . but they made up , and at the next joust , tristram annoyed sir lamorak de galis to please his uncle .
sir patrick , however , was taken by sir tristram ' s pedigree and he told nzpa this week how it became the over - riding impression in his mind .
however , it was as a broodmare sire that sir tristram’s potential as a long term breeding influence was first realised .
in 1996 a wide cross - section of the racing and breeding fraternity celebrated sir tristram’s 25th birthday at cambridge stud .
in 5 generations , sir tristram has 98 descendants in this database , 1 of which has multiple occurrences of him .
primary producer : zabeel can draw level with sir tristram if provocative becomes his 45th group 1 winner sired on saturday .
lying eyes : champion breeder sir patrick hogan has revealed he was lucky to have not seen stud sire sir tristram before he purchased the horse as he was an underwhelming sight .
sir patrick , speaking after the new zealand launch of his biography give a man a horse last week , was thankful he wasn ' t shown sir tristram at the time .
sir patrick was happy to deflect all the credit zabeel ' s way but admitted the group one win to put zabeel ahead of his career - making stallion sir tristram was emotional .
however it was as a broodmare sire that sir tristram ' s potential as a long - term breeding influence was first realised .
i stood zabeel solely on the basis that i felt i owed sir tristram the honour of standing a son of his .
it ' s quite amazing really . it was always on the cards that he might get that extra group one winner to go one up on sir tristram ,
sir patrick said .
the victory of grosvenor’s first crop son , omnicorp , in the 1987 victoria derby saw even more demand for sons of sir tristram .
sir tristram ricketts , 8th bt , who has died aged 61 , was twice the chief executive of the horserace betting levy board .
an earlier “hms sir tristram” was an armed trawler , ( 4” gun ) , of the round table class , built in 1942 .
in 1996 a wide cross - section of the racing and breeding fraternity celebrated sir tristram ' s 25 th birthday at cambridge stud .
it ' s been a great run for the hogans - sir patrick and his wife , justine , lady hogan - with two much - loved horses whose stable nicknames both have close family connections . sir tristram ' s was paddy , called after sir patrick ' s uncle paddy , in ireland , who died the same year they bought sir tristram . zabeel ' s was barney , after sir patrick ' s cousin barney mccahill , from auckland .
sir tristram was notorious for his sometimes vicious nature . on a scale of 1 - 10 , sir patrick rated him eight
and i haven ' t had a nine or a 10
.
he soon escaped , met sir galahad ( not galahad , son of launcelot , but galahad , son of sir breunor ) and delivered isoud to king mark , whom she married . then sir palomides rode off with her , sir tristram followed , they fought , isoud stopped it , and palomides went off to see arthur .
however , it was as a broodmare sire that sir tristram ' s potential as a long term breeding influence was realised most of all .
one day tristram , isoud la blanche mains , and her brother sir kehydius , accidentally sailed to the isle of servage off the coast of north wales ( where sir lamorak was recovering from a shipwreck ) and met sir segwarides and his new woman , who had completely forgiven tristram for destroying his marriage . they all got together at a joust organised by the evil lord of the island , sir nabon le noire , and tristram slew him and his son and left segwarides in charge .
from 1983 sir tristram has underpinned the new zealand yearling sales , at times accounting for in excess of 25 % of the premier session aggregate .
the victory of grosvenor ' s first crop son , omnicorp , in the 1987 victoria derby saw even more demand for sons of sir tristram .
but the queen matched the shard from her brother’s brain to a nick in tristram’s blade and tried to kill him in the bath , but sir hebes stopped her and tristram returned to the court of king mark in cornwall .
here is the induction profile provided by the new zealand racing hall of fame to commemorate sir tristram being included among the second group of 13 inductees .
but buying ' paddy ' - sir tristram - was only the first hurdle . a fire at the farm in england where sir tristram was quarantined saw him narrowly escape from the flames ; then a well - aimed kick by a mare during the subsequent confusion nearly finished his stud career before it began .
with the assistance of his sons and daughters , sir tristram appeared in the pedigrees of one in four of the 67 group one winners in australia in the 1996 - 97 season . this bold statistic from the world’s second largest racing arena more than most demonstrates the might and power of sir tristram’s dynasty .
when he received a description of his front end , and finally viewed him , hogan knew he was right to confound the experts by buying sir tristram .
but as it transpired , while inspecting horses in france , he had come within 50 metres of sir tristram . but he was never shown the horse .
sir andred and twelve knights captured tristram one midnight whilst sleeping with isoud , and dragged them both off , but tristram escaped naked and rescued isoud too , until he was shot with a poison arrow and mark retrieved isoud and locked her up .
on the 21st of may in 1997 , a few months into his 26th year , sir tristram broke his shoulder in his paddock and could not be saved .
the death of sir tristram on may 21 , 1997 , when he had already been retired from stud duties , was like the loss of a family member .
rfa sir tristram being transported back to the uk in 1983 on mv dan lifter . ( © ken griffiths , released into public domain at wikipedia commons : urltoken
i ' m sure sir patrick would love to get no . 45 [ for zabeel ] , so he can draw alongside sir tristram . it would be fitting for them to finish with the same number of group 1 winners .
with the assistance of his sons and daughters , sir tristram appeared in the pedigrees of one in four of the 67 group one winners in australia in the 1996 - 97 season . this bold statistic from the world ' s second largest racing arena more than most demonstrates the might and power of sir tristram ' s dynasty .
tristram in summer 2016 , a few months prior to its dry dock inspection and repair .
in his book sir patrick is said to have given his horse a final cuddle , a hug and then cradle sir tristram ' s head in his arms , murmuring :
thank you , paddy . where would i be without you ?
the success of his early runners saw a number of sir tristram ' s sons , such as sovereign red , dalmacia and grosvenor take up stud duties in australia and new zealand from the early eighties . the victory of grosvenor ' s first crop son omnicorp in the 1987 victoria derby spurred even more the demand for sons of sir tristram .
from 1983 , as the flow of top quality sir tristram stakes winners turned into a torrent , so were the floodgates opened for his stock in the yearling sale ring .
when the stud was being set up , hogan went abroad seeking a new stallion ; ‘ ' a horse with a good pedigree and a touch of speed” . the horse he selected was sir tristram , by english derby and 2 , 000 guineas winner sir ivor . he syndicated the horse into 40 shares , with the stud holding 50 % . the success of sir tristram made hogan and cambridge stud a leader in world breeding . at the end of his career sir tristram was the second world leading sire of group 1 winners ( 45 ) , and was six times australian champion sire .
robert tristram ricketts was born on april 17 1946 , the son of sir robert ricketts , 7th bt , a solicitor practising at stroud , in gloucestershire . the baronetcy had been created in 1828 for sir robert tristram ricketts , an admiral in the royal navy who served the napoleonic wars and in the war of 1812 . tristram ' s mother , anne theresa ricketts , was one of the three daughters of sir stafford cripps and was appointed cbe for her work as chairman of the national association of citizens ' advice bureaux .
sir patrick said he found it hard to include this fact in the book .
it was thought for someone who had travelled from the other side of the world , sir tristram would have no appeal because of his moderate looks and less than fulfilled racing form .
sir tristram would become one of the great thoroughbred sires of the world . he produced 45 different horses that won group one races , which for a time was a world record .
moralee : showed her true ability in winning the group 2 cambridge stud sir tristram fillies ' classic at te rapa and was also successful in the group 2 wellington stakes at trentham .
further combat followed for lamorak as he encountered sir frol of the out isles , sir belliance le orgulus , sir lancelot and sir gawain . some meetings were more friendly than others . his battle with meliagrant concerned an argument over queen guinevere was more beautiful than queen morgause ; and revealed a passion which was to be lamorak’s undoing .
sir marhaus eventually died in ireland , where his sister ( the queen ) pulled a fragment of sir tristram’s sword out of his brain , and tristram followed using the pseudonym tramtrist , after a wise - woman predicted his lingering wounds could only be healed in the country of his enemy . king anguish’s daughter , la beale isoud , healed him , and he met sir palomides , a pagan saracen about to get christened out of love for her . their sexual rivalry would last for 4 whole books , especially after tristram humiliated palomides at an irish joust .
on the same date as the previous photograph , tristram as seen from above the verne common estate .
the success of his early runners saw a number of sir tristram’s sons , such as sovereign red , dalmacia and grosvenor take up stud duties in australia and new zealand from the early 1980s .
on conformation , looks and character he ' s the closest to sir tristram of any of his sons ,
he said .
he is his old man ' s duplicate .
hogan has not ruled out standing a son of zabeel but , given that most of his best mares are either by sir tristram or zabeel , continuing the sireline at cambridge has limited attraction .
there , he , and king mark , and also the round table knight , sir boeberis de ganis , all fell in love with the wife of the earl sir segwarides .
the success of his early runners saw a number of sir tristram ' s sons , such as sovereign red , dalmacia and grosvenor take up stud duties in australia and new zealand in the 1980s .
on figures zabeel might still be some way behind his sire but with his record of averaging around two group 1 winners per season there is every chance he can top sir tristram ' s tally .
the cambridge stud dynasty , which started when sir patrick hogan bought sir tristram to new zealand in the late 1970s , may be in its final chapters as the last of zabeel ' s progeny make their mark on the track . provocative may be his final hope of another classic winner .
the sadness of that day has been tempered by the continued blossoming of sir tristram ' s dynasty and the personal memories of a time with a stallion recognised around the world as one of the best .
named australia ' s champion broodmare sire for the fourth time in the 1997 - 98 season with 132 winners , sir tristram is the brood mare sire of the winners of more than $ 50 million .
zabeel played a huge part in building this reputation , along with his father before him , the magnificent sire sir tristram , who decades earlier set the hogan stud on the path to an international reputation .
hogan always intended to stand a son of sir tristram but waited until the great sire was near the end of his career before doing so , rather than having the champion competing with one of his own .
certainly when he finished his career , sir tristram was the greatest but i ' d say even before yesterday , zabeel had eclipsed his own sire . i ' m just really chuffed for zabeel .
on the particular placement of sir tristram and zabeel , he says it is done so that noble and successful beings who did wonderful things while they were living can carry on in the same manner in death .
“sir tristram” was one of a class of six landing ship logistic , ( lsl’s ) , all named after knights of the round table . the prototype , “sir lancelot” , had minor differences to the remainder of the class , consisting of sir’s “galahad” , “geraint” , “bedivere” and the “percivale” . all were transferred from the british india steam navigation co . to rfa manning , between january and march 1970 .
o’reilly retired to waikato stud in 1997 . to date he has won four nz general sire premierships and is third on all - time sire of stakes winners behind the hall of fame stallions sir tristram and zabeel .
commencing his stud career in 1976 at fencourt stud , hogan’s forerunner to cambridge stud , sir tristram stood for the princely sum of $ 1500 . that fee in years to come would rise into the six figures .
tristram ricketts died on november 7 , having remained active in his role at the levy board almost to the end .
sir tristram ' s affinity with danehill - line horses is well established . he crosses well with both proisir ' s champion sire choisir and his broodmare sire encosta de lago , each producing a high percentage of winners and stakes winners . sir tristram ' s influence is widespread and mares carrying his influence through : zabeel , kaapstad , savabeel , grosvenor , darci brahma , don eduardo etc are likely to be well mated with proisir .
in his book , sir patrick ' s bloodstock agent described sir tristram as :
he ' s weak , he ' s got bent hocks , and on the walk from behind one hock rolls out badly . he is a most unattractive horse and , in my opinion , not the horse for you .
may 2000 to april 2003 provided alongside support to british forces in sierra leone in operation palliser along with rfa’s sir geraint and sir percivale at different times . she arrived at freetown in 04 / 01
in the dizzy sale of 1989 sir tristram again broke new ground , becoming the sire of new zealand ' s first million dollar yearling , the $ 1 . 2 million son of surround being bought by japanese interests .
rfa sir tristram at port standley in 1983 , following the major damage it received during the falklands war . ( © ken griffiths , licensed for reuse under cc by - sa 4 . 0 at wikipedia commons : urltoken
new zealand trainer tony pike hasn ' t had many zabeels but in classy filly provocative he might have the daughter which takes the great stallion to the same number of group 1 winners as his famous father sir tristram .
zabeel , 19 , is in his 15th season at stud and , given he is in good health and that sir tristram was still serving good numbers of mares at 23 , another three seasons is a realistic expectation .
zabeel is buried beside his father at cambridge stud , on the horseshoe - shaped garden in front of the stables . sir tristram ' s spot is marked by a gravestone , zabeel ' s stone will come later .
sir patrick grew up on a farm at fencourt , near cambridge , he has worked with animals all his life , it ' s his vocation , he has an affinity with all the animals he owns . but some end up being more special than others , and this is what happened with sir tristram and zabeel .
it made me recall the day he died and took me back to burying him beside sir tristram . i always said i ' d be quite happy if they finished their careers on level pegging but in fairness to zabeel , he did deserve to get his nose in front , simply because a lot of sir tristram ' s group one winners won solitary group one races , whereas zabeel has produced a lot more multiple group one winners .
he said he was a man eater ,
sir patrick was told by the trackwork rider .
sir patrick has been humbled by the international media response to zabeel ' s landmark group one win .
it was a proud moment for cambridge stud on tuesday night when sir tristram was inducted into the new zealand bloodstock new zealand racing hall of fame at an induction ceremony held at ellerslie racecourse before 450 people on tuesday night .
commencing his stud career in 1976 at fencourt stud , hogan ' s forerunner to cambridge stud , sir tristram stood for the princely sum of $ 1500 . that fee in years to come would rise into the six figures .
next , tristram and his friend gouvernail were sent back to ireland to fetch la beale isoud ( and dame bragwaine ) back to cornwall to marry king mark , but on the boat back , tristram and isoud accidentally drank a love potion and fell permanently in love , before being captured by sir breunor of the castle pluere ( the weeping castle ) .
a stallion ' s place in thoroughbred history , rightly or wrongly , is established more firmly by sire sons than by brood mare daughters . many of the more than 40 sons of sir tristram at stud in australia and new zealand have been successful ; some , like el qahira and sir sian , achieving success despite meagre opportunities .
when sir tristram died in1997 , it was a sad time for the hogans . but what happened next was pretty amazing , too . sir patrick says zabeel then statistically emulated his own sire with his progeny - they were neck and neck , the son was as good as the father . lightning struck twice in the same place .
sir tristram ' s figures are staggering but they tell only part of the story . his place in the history of international thoroughbred racing and breeding is secured by the outstanding memories of the past and his legacy for the future .
midnight fever , foaled in 1984 from one of his first daughters to go to stud , won the blue diamond stakes at caulfield in 1987 and helped sir tristram to his first million - dollar season in australia as a broodmare sire .
sir tristram berthed at queen ' s pier , undergoing a refit , as seen from the royal naval cemetery . the photograph was taken on 23 april 2013 , and two days later the ship was back in position within the harbour .
everyone knows about their [ sons and daughters of zabeel ] record and everyone wants to have a good one ,
pike said .
i have looked on and marvelled at what he and sir tristram have done at stud .
grosvenor , kaapstad and marauding are simply outstanding sires and in recent years it appears sir tristram has made way for a horse who could potentially be the one sire to emulate or even exceed the records he himself set so freely , zabeel .
although sir tristram’s pedigree carried impeccable bloodlines his conformation was far from perfect . shareholders in the horse were quick to let hogan know exactly what they thought and had he listened we may never have seen the phenomenal successes that the horse achieved .
i don ' t think lad of the manor can win but i ' d love to see him run second .
hogan bred xcellent ' s grandam , who is by sir tristram but that hasn ' t swayed his opinion .
sir tristram sired 45 group 1 winners in his illustrious career but during his reign as australasia ' s leading sire there was no opposition from the northern hemisphere shuttle stallions , whereas zabeel has had to compete with the best from around the world .
sir lamorak was a younger son of king pellinore of listinoise . his epithet means ‘of wales’ but at this period refers to the whole of britain . he was known as the third greatest knight of the round table , following sirs tristram and lancelot . on a number of occasions he is recorded as having beaten over thirty knights in a tournament : notably at sir gareth’s wedding feast and when travelling with sir driant in the cornish lands of king mark . after the latter encounter , the troublesome monarch had sir tristram fight the exhausted lamorak . the young king of lyonesse reluctantly agreed and managed to dismount his opponent , but he refused to dishonour himself further by carrying on . lamorak was extremely put out by tristram ' s courtesy and was still fuming when he encountered a messenger bearing morgan le fay ' s infidelity - seeking drinking horn to king arthur ' s court . he forced the page to carry the prize to king mark ' s court instead , an act which almost resulted in the exposure of tristram and la beale isolde ' s affair , as well as those of ninety other ladies . tristram was understandably angry .
tristram went to brittany to be healed by the daughter of king howel – coincidentally called isoud la blanche mains – won his host’s war and married his daughter ( upsetting the other isoud and launcelot when they found out , although tristram swore the marriage was never consumated ) .
followed his great sire sir tristram at cambridge stud and in some respects outshone him . still alive and active in 2013 aged 27 , he has achieved four nz and two australian general sire premierships ; 15 dewar awards ( nz and australian progeny earnings combined ) ; 43 group one winners ( two behind his sire ) and 148 stakeswinners ( sir tristram 130 ) . he has sired three melbourne cup winners , four cox plate winners , successful sire sons and grandsons , and is an outstanding broodmare sire .
although sir tristram ' s pedigree carried impeccable bloodlines his conformation was far from perfect . shareholders in the horse were quick to let hogan know exactly what they thought and had he listened we may never have seen the phenomenal successes that the horse achieved .
that group one triumph elevated zabeel to one ahead of his own champion sire sir tristram , who also stood at cambridge stud and whom he had been tied with on 45 group one winners since provocative ' s gr . 1 queensland oaks triumph last winter .
on pedigree hogan was sold . sir tristram was by the champion english three - year - old sir ivor , from the royal charger sire - line , out of the round table mare isolt . his dam carried the impeccable bloodlines of princequillo , my babu , feola , lavendula , plus isolt ' s third dam , selene , was the dam of the great hyperion .
i ended up with an enormously positive impression to what i saw on paper ,
sir patrick told nzpa .
cambridge stud ' s prize stallion zabeel , pictured with sir patrick hogan when he retired from active duty in 2013 .
sir tristram was buried in the manner of great horses in ancient times , a fitting tribute for a horse who has contributed so much to the breed , to the sport of thoroughbred racing and the business of breeding thoroughbred horses in this special part of the world .
during the conversation , sir patrick recounted the words of his father that there was no such thing as a perfect horse .
i ' m going to buy him ,
sir patrick told his agent at the other end of the line .
sir patrick hogan has expressed his elation in seeing champion sire zabeel claim a new zealand record for his own this week .
through the 1980 ' s and 1990 ' s sir tristram ' s sons and daughters have posted record after record in the new zealand national yearling sales , providing the premier session ' s highest price in all but 2 of the 14 sale renewals from 1983 to 1996 .
lafleur : was the third winner of the group 2 sir tristram fillies classic at te rapa in four years for pencarrow stud . she also won the group 2 royal stakes at ellerslie . a very classy galloper who proved herself at the highest level during her racing career .
tristram , seen here in october 2016 , two days before it was towed out of portland harbour to undergo the inspection and repair work in middlesborough .
who would have thought he ' d be back in neon lights around the world again now ?
sir patrick pondered .
but this is not the end of zabeel , sir patrick says . he will feature in pedigrees for the next 20 years .
the south african - trained greys inn is already a dual group 1 winner , but a win by lad of the manor would be his first at racing ' s elite level and bring yet another accolade to zabeel , whose record hogan argues has now surpassed his own sire sir tristram .
tv tristram , seen in 2010 , anchored within portland harbour . ( © nicholas mutton , licensed for reuse under cc by - sa 2 . 0 : urltoken
sir patrick makes some interesting revelations in his book , notably his mother sarah and father tom were not really his mother and father .
the search that eventually produced sir tristram began in 1975 when new zealand studmaster patrick hogan visited some of the most famous training establishments in england , ireland , and france . the bluest blood of the time was paraded , blood too blue for hogan ' s budget of around $ 200 , 000 .
during these years , the hogans developed their world - beating thoroughbred nursery and a showpiece property . nowadays , their home on discombe rd is called zabeel place , and their holiday home at mt maunganui is sir tristram place ; the names of the stallions are boldly inscribed at the entrance to each .
the two soon settled their differences , however , when shipwrecked together on the isle of servage . conspiracy seems to have brought them together , as they plotted the downfall of sir nabon le noir , a mutual enemy . shortly afterward , they attended his tournament and tristram killed him in battle . however , the truce was forgotten when tristram was again shipwrecked - this time near the castle perilous in north wales - and the two fought for hours before being reconciled once more .
sir tristram ( ire ) b . h , 1971 { 6 - e } dp = 10 - 20 - 15 - 11 - 0 ( 56 ) di = 2 . 03 cd = 0 . 52 - 19 starts , 2 wins , 6 places , 3 shows career earnings : $ 52 , 001
when arthur marries genevere , her father gives arthur the round table , at which 150 men can sit . genevere , who is often present at the convening of the round table , acts as a moral compass for the knights , rewarding knights who behave well and chastising those who choose poorly . malory specifically relates the stories of sir gawain , sir tor , and sir pellanor as a means of introducing the concept of chivalry .
zabeel ' s progeny dominated the yearling sales almost from the first year - 1994 - they stepped into the ring . buyers came from all over the world for them . he sired 44 prestigious group one winners , one short of sir tristram ' s record , although zabeel ' s descendants may still beat that .
if he was alive today , he ' d be 30 and to still be leaving group one winners is remarkable really . some older stallions don ' t seem to have the same strike rate later in their careers - certainly sir tristram didn ' t , though he did leave brew in his final crop .
nobody would expect a son of sir tristram ' s to come along , reside at the same property and emulate what his own sire was able to do . how could you not have a stronger affinity with two horses like that ? what they ' ve done for me and my family is absolutely amazing .
another close - up photograph of tristram from 2011 , moored in portland harbour . ( © nigel mykura , licensed for reuse under cc by - sa 2 . 0 : urltoken
a comprehensive guide into arthurian legends . the life of king arthur , sir lancelot , queen guinevere , merlin & the knights of the round table .
vapour trail : the wonderful race performer , vapour trial , joined the illustrious pencarrow stud broodmare band in 2002 after her crowning glory as the 2002 new zealand bloodstock filly of the year . the five - time winner , including the group 1 new zealand oaks and group 2 arc eight carat classic and group 2 wrc sir tristram fillies classic , is from the unraced sir tristram mare , devil’s lair . vapour trail was trained by dean and donna logan throughout her racing career . her other notable victories came in the group 2 great northern guineas against all comers and the listed auckland guineas trial . she also was placed third in the group 2 arc grosvenor championship stakes at ellerslie .
he married , in 1969 , annie lewis , with whom he had a son and a daughter . his son , stephen tristram ricketts , born in 1974 , succeeds in the baronetcy .
granted in 1971 . sir tristram was a knight born in a forest and famed as a musician and huntsman . his colours were gold and red . legend states that he saved palomides from death . the badge depicts a gold hunting horn and a harp , a pair of trees and a hunting spear , all mounted on a red background .
even though it is now 10 years on , sir patrick said he couldn ' t help himself when re - reading this passage of the book recently .
when zabeel retired from the track , the sheik offered him for purchase to those who had the closest connection to him , either hayes or sir patrick .
sir patrick stands tall and spare by the grave , the earth is still fresh on the ground , the death is still fresh on his mind . it ' s been a hard few days . there have been tears and some sleepless nights . sir patrick says he goes to bed and starts thinking about it .
at the age of 19 he was told his biological mother was his much older sister . sir patrick was devastated . he didn ' t know what to think .
you go through life , you have events , things happen , things that are great and things are not so great ,
sir patrick said to nzpa .
sir patrick and lady hogan were named breeders of the year each year from 1994 - 97 , the highest honour awarded by the new zealand thoroughbred breeders ' association .
not surprisingly , sir tristram provided the top - priced yearling at twelve new zealand national yearling sales , from the early 1980 ' s to the mid - 1990 ' s . his sale - toppers include the first seven - figure yearling ever sold in new zealand ; the colt from surround sold for $ nz1 . 2 million to mr kobayashi of japan in 1989 .
not surprisingly , sir tristram provided the top - priced yearling at 12 new zealand national yearling sales , from the early 1980 ' s to the mid - 1990 ' s . his sale - toppers include the first seven - figure yearling ever sold in new zealand ; the colt from surround sold for $ nz1 . 2 million to mr kobayashi of japan in 1989 .
sir patrick , 76 , is the boss of cambridge stud , on discombe rd , at pukeroro , the place regarded as the top nursery for thoroughbred champions in australasia .
in january , sir patrick led the last yearling born from zabeel into the sale ring at karaka ; hong kong buyer gene tsoi paid $ 160 , 000 for it .
he was australia ' s champion broodmare sire for the fourth time in the 1997 - 98 season with 132 winners , and today sir tristram is the brood mare sire of the winners of more than $ 50 million . he has twice set new records for damsire earnings in australia , his daughters ' progeny winnings of $ a9 . 4 million in the 1996 - 97 season still a record .
sir patrick got his bloodstock agent to return to france and describe the horse detail by detail over the phone . it was pointless exercise because his mind had seemingly been made up .
hogan ' s skill and judgment as a breeder enabled him to replace one super - sire , sir tristram , by another . zabeel , a son of sir tristram , was bought as a yearling by sheik hamdan al maktoum , trained by colin hayes , and won over a million dollars in prizemoney . as a four - year - old zabeel injured a leg and was put up for sale . hogan , who had long had his eye on zabeel , made an offer of $ 750 , 000 , which was accepted . again hogan syndicated the horse , retaining half the shares . zabeel ' s success was phenomenal . in his first crop he sired octagonal and jezabeel , in his second might and power and bezeal bay , in his third champagne and zonda , in his fourth dignity dancer and inaflury .
crimson ( 94f , mellay , bourbon prince ) . 5 wins from 1400m to 2100m , nz $ 162 , 200 , arc championship s . , gr . 2 , waikato guineas , gr . 3 , waikato rc hamilton veterinary services h . , arc ancare star belle classic , 2d avondale guineas , gr . 2 , waikato rc sir tristram fillies classic , gr . 2 , hunter country h .
12 march 2004 suffered an engine room fire during the annual royal marines exercises in northern norway . the royal marines were evacuated to her nearby sister ship rfa sir percivale . no injuries reported
his success shows he is the heir apparent to his own champion sire zabeel who in turn was the heir apparent to sir tristram before him . and like his sire and grandsire , his progeny display the toughness and durability to win over all distances , at all ages from two years to eight years and , incredibly , savabeel has passed zabeel for the number of stakes winners sired at the same stage of their careers .
when sir patrick hogan arrived at work last saturday at 6 . 30am , he was met with the news that his old mate and prize stallion zabeel had died peacefully overnight in his paddock .
cambridge stud’s former owner sir patrick hogan was honoured with the exporters’ champion award at the 2018 air new zealand cargo exportnz awards last night . over the last 40 years , cambridge stud . . .
as well as being superstitious , sir patrick says he ' s determined and competitive .
like an all black , i ' ve set out to kick every goal straight between the posts .
the modestly priced stallion ( he cost $ 160 , 000 ) was sir tristram , who arrived at their stud in 1976 , and went on to become the world ' s leading sire of group one winners , and collected a hatful of other accolades and honours . he sired 45 individual group one winners and more than 130 stakes winners during his stud career , dominating the yearling sales arena and racetracks in this part of the world .
2 may 2007 arrived falmouth ship repairers for conversion for her new role as training ship for maritime special forces to replace the former escort maintenance ship rame head , which was moved from her moorings in portsmouth harbour to the dockyard on 23 / 05 / 07 so that the mooring and salvage vessel salmaid could start work on the moorings for the return of sir tristram in her new role . the work undertaken to prepare her for her new role included
saavoya ( 11f , prized , vice regal ) . 4 wins from 1400m to 2000m , nz $ 187 , 475 , arc eight carat classic , gr . 2 , royal s . , gr . 2 , pukekohe veterinary centre h . , 2d waikato rc sir tristram fillies classic , gr . 2 , arc sunline vase , gr . 3 , 3d bop rc crockford real estate h . , te aroha jc piako rural services 2yo h .
after the race , moore told trackside :
this is unbelievable and i ' m just so thrilled . it ' s not only a group one for us and lizzie , but it ' s also for zabeel who was tied with his sire sir tristram for individual group one winners up until now so this one is for him as well . i would have been happy to just run a place but this means everything to a small breeder .
on his way home sir lamorak met a knight carrying a magic horn from morgan le fay to king arthur , which could only be drunk from by a woman who was true to her husband ( another of morgan’s plans to cause trouble ) , so he made the knight take it to king mark instead , to spite tristram . isoud and ninety percent of the ladies at court failed the horn test , but the barons stopped mark from burning them all .
“sir tristram” was fitted with 1 x 20 ton crane at the rear of the vehicle deck and 2 x 4 . 5 ton cranes at the forward end . she could carry up to 16 x 50 ton main battle tanks below , plus 34 mixed vehicles on the upper deck , plus fuel and ammunition in a small cargo hold located below the forward end of the tank deck . she had dormitory facilities for 402 troops either side of the tank deck .
insouciant : winner of the group 1 new zealand bloodstock 1000 guineas at riccarton in 2007 . she also won the group 3 eulogy stakes at awapuni and finished second in the group 2 sir tristram fillies classic . she collected the new zealand bloodstock filly of the year series title for 2007 / 08 . she was rated by jockey michael walker as a very special galloper with a huge amount of natural racing ability . the keeper filly is trained by mark walker at matamata .
luckily for the ill - tempered stallion he had found an allay in sir patrick and the partnership that was to span 22 years , and put hogan and his cambridge stud firmly on the map , had begun .
says sir patrick :
we got him [ zabeel ] to the lawn , we called the digger , the grave was dug , he was buried by midday .
it was a small , intimate farewell , with sir patrick , lady hogan and staff present . they put a bed of straw in the bottom of the grave , zabeel was covered with his own rug , and another layer of straw .
then we filled him in .
the champ was born at cambridge stud , his mother being lady giselle , who sir patrick says was the tiniest little mare you ' d ever see . yet somehow the midget mare had a foal that grew to 17 hands .
king mark of cornwall’s sister elizabeth married king melodias of liones ( just two of the many kings all over britain and europe who ruled under arthur ) but she died in a forest , giving birth to tristram while searching for her kidnapped husband ( later rescued by merlin ) .
while group 1 winners are one thing , sir tristram ' s didn ' t have many multiple winners at that level , but zabeel has been able to produce gallopers such as octagonal and might and power , a fact that hogan said was not lost on the late jack ingham , part - owner of
the big o
.
jack said to me that the one thing zabeel has on danehill is his ability to leave a champion and of that i should be very proud ,
he said .
tristram was educated at winchester and magdalene college , cambridge , where he read russian with a view to joining the foreign office ( he was an excellent linguist ) . in the event he began his career at the greater london council , working as an administrative officer from 1968 to 1972 .
we leave the graves , and walk to sir patrick ' s office to talk about what zabeel has meant to him . there is a wreath on the front counter that has been sent in memory of zabeel , there have been many messages , and sir patrick has a lot to do before he heads to britain later next week for the rugby world cup . it is something to look forward to . he jokes ,
i ' ve had a calling that the all blacks need me .
sir patrick recounts the story :
we each had to put a bid in an envelope , mine was $ aus750 , 000 . the next day i was told i ' d won the bid . that ' s how he returned to where he was born .
sir tristram was the son of king meliodas & queen isabelle of lyonesse , the land around the scilly isles now lost beneath the sea . he was educated in france ; faught for his uncle , king mark , against the king of ireland ' s champion & defeated him ; travelled incognito to ireland to have his wounds healed ; became friendly with the king ' s daughter isolde ; was forced to return to cornwall when his identity was discovered ; fell out with his uncle over an affair with the wife of sir segwarides ; spent some time at king arthur ' s court ; was obliged to travel again to ireland to gain isolde ' s hand in marriage to mark ; accidentally drank love potions meant for mark & isolde ; became isolde ' s lover despite her marriage to his uncle ( and had four children ) ; left for brittany when things became too hairy ; married sir howel , the king of brittany ' s daughter , also isolde ; got wounded in a fight ; sent for his old lover to cure him ; being told by his wife that she had refused to come , he died ; isolde committed suicide and the two were buried together .
he earned tens of millions of dollars for cambridge stud , sir patrick says it is impossible to put a figure on it . at his peak , zabeel ' s stud fee was $ 125 , 000 , and five or six of his yearlings fetched $ 1 million at the sales .
coldplay ( 12f , o ' reilly , western symphony ) . 6 wins at 1400m , 1600m to 2017 - 18 , nz $ 267 , 200 , arc rich hill mile , gr . 2 , waikato rc cal isuzu s . , gr . 2 , arc eagle technology s . , gr . 3 , manawatu rc eulogy s . , gr . 3 , arc auckland co - op taxis h . , 3d arc westbury classic , gr . 2 , counties rc auckland thoroughbred breeders s . , gr . 2 , 4th arc eight carat classic , gr . 2 , waikato rc sir tristram fillies classic , gr . 2 .
tristan , or tristram in old english , was a contemporary of king arthur and a knight of the round table . he was the nephew and champion of king mark of cornwall and the son of meliodas , king of lyoness . tristan ' s mother died when he was born , and as a young man he took service with his uncle , mark .
in reality , he seems to have been an historical prince of dumnonia ( cornwall / devon / somerset ) , apparently the son rather than the nephew of king cunomor alias mark . though cornwall may once have been joined to the scilly isles , this was long before tristram ' s time ; so , unfortunately , his kingdom of lyonesse , almost certainly never existed .


the giant barred frog , mixophyes iteratus , is a species of barred frogs in australia .

it occurs from south-east queensland to just south of the newcastle region in new south wales .

it is associated with flowing streams and creeks in wet sclerophyll and rainforest habitats from the coast to the ranges .

giant barred frog

giant barred frog - profile ( office of environment & heritage , 2014x ) [ internet ] .
management documents relevant to the giant barred frog can be found at the start of the profile .
giant barred frog ( department of environment and heritage protection ( dehp ) , 2013y ) [ database ] .
office of environment & heritage ( 2014x ) . giant barred frog - profile . available from : urltoken .
the giant barred frog is classified as endangered ( en ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
the extent of occurrence of the giant barred frog is approximately 110 000 km² ( hines et al . 1999 ) .
) . two hundred and ten years of looking for the giant burrowing frog .
wetland care australia pty ltd ( queensland ) received funding in 2008–09 for the giant barred frog habitat restoration project . the project undertook bush regeneration / weed control work and surveyed endangered populations of giant barred frog in a section of the numinbah valley .
the call of the male giant barred frog is a deep guttural grunt ( barker et al . 1995 ; robinson 1993 ) .
the giant barred frog occurs in rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests in upper to lower catchment areas ( ingram & mcdonald 1993 ) .
queensland department of environment and resource management ( qld derm ) ( 2005 ) . giant barred frog . available from : urltoken .
the giant barred frog call is a deep guttural grunt . males call from crevices under rocks , banks or overhanging tree roots .
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the great barred frog is found in coastal northern new south wales and southern queensland .
the great barred frog has banded legs with webbed feet , making it an efficient swimmer .
lemckert , f . and brassil , t . ( 2000 ) . ' ' movements and habitat use of the endangered giant barred river frog (
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in queensland , the giant barred frog is known from the following reserves ( j - m . hero 2001 pers . comm . ; tyler 1997 ) :
meyer , e . , hines , h . , and hero , j . - m . ( 2001 ) . ' ' giant barred - frog ,
assessing the extent of the known decline of the giant barred frog is difficult because of the lack of baseline distribution and abundance data ( hines et al . 1999 ) .
individuals of the giant barred frog have sometimes been killed in the mistaken belief that they are the introduced cane toad ( bufo marinus ) ( hines & seqtfrt 2002 ) .
the giant barred frog previously occurred along streams in the coastal ranges and lowlands from belli creek near eumundi , in south east queensland to warrimoo in mid - east new south wales .
) . non - breeding habitat requirements of the giant burrowing frog ( anura : myobatrachidae ) in south - eastern nsw .
giant barred frog - endangered species listing . nsw scientific committee - final determination ( nsw department of environment , climate change and water ( nsw deccw ) , 1999g ) [ internet ] .
the methods that have successfully been used in the past to survey the giant barred frog are visual encounter surveys , call surveys , egg mass surveys and larval sampling ( uc 2003 ) .
part of the funding that the maroochy river catchment network waterwatch inc . received in 2004–05 was for the restoration of giant barred frog habitat , the monitoring of frog species in the region , community education workshops and the development of a local recovery plan .
part of the funding that the barung landcare association inc . received in 2005–06 was to restore and enhance 3 . 75 ha of key habitat for the giant barred frog on public and private land .
at night the great barred frog comes out to forage , taking a range of invertebrates including insects and worms and occasionally other frogs .
the recovery plan for stream frogs of south - east queensland 2001–2005 ( hines & seqtfrt 2002 ) specifically states that surveys for the giant barred frog should involve at least five samples from each of the major populations .
koch aj , hero jm . 2007 . the relationship between environmental conditions and activity of the giant barred frog ( mixophyes iteratus ) on the coomera river , south - east queensland . australian journal of zoology 55 , 89 - 95 .
mahony , m . , knowles , r . , and pattinson , l . ( 1997 ) . ' ' 6 . gold - eyed barred frog ,
lemckert , f . & t . brassil ( 2000 ) . movements and habitat use of the endangered giant barred river frog ( mixophyes iteratus ) and the implications for its conservation in timber production forests . biological conservation . 96 : 177 - 184 .
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in north - eastern nsw , the the giant barred frog barred frog is known from three broad areas ( mebbin , nightcap range and richmond range ) ( goldingay et al . 1999 ) . there is a large population in the dorrigo - coffs harbour area , and washpool and bungawalbin state forests ( hines & seqtfrt 2002 ) . a population was located in the lower nambucca river catchment ( nsw npws 1994c ) .
call surveys should be conducted during the known calling period of the giant barred frog , between september and may ( goldingay et al . 1999 ; mahony et al . 1997c ) . males are known to call from the ground near streams ( anstis 2002 ) .
in new south wales , the giant barred frog is know from the following reserves ( goldingay et al . 1999 ; hines et al . 1999 ; lemckert 2001 , pers . comm . ; mccray 2001 , pers . comm . ; tyler 1997 ; white 2000 ) :
upstream clearing , changes in water flow regimes , degradation of water quality , disturbance to riparian vegetation , feral animals , domestic stock and weed invasion have been identified as potential threats to the giant barred frog ( hines et al . 1999 ; hines & seqtfrt 2002 ) .
meyer , e . , h . hines & j - m . hero ( 2001b ) . giant barred - frog , mixophyes iteratus . in : wet forest frogs of south - east queensland . page ( s ) 30 - 31 . gold coast , queensland : griffith university .
koch , a . j . & j - m . hero ( 2007 ) . the relationship between environmental conditions and activity of the giant barred frog ( mixophyes iteratus ) on the coomera river , south - east queensland . australian journal of zoology . 55 : 8995 . csiro publishing .
goldingay and colleagues ( 1999 ) concluded that the density of giant barred frog populations in north - eastern new south wales is relatively low with an average abundance of 4 . 2 individuals per 100 m of stream transect in 1997–98 and an average of 3 . 4 individuals over the same transects in 1999 .
populations of the giant barred frog now exist in small , isolated patches of forest . the effect that this may have on genetic variation within populations , the general health of individuals and the species ' response to identified threats is unknown ( j - m . hero 2001 , pers . comm . ) .
) . soil disturbance in integrated logging operations and the potential impacts on a fossorial australian frog .
aland , k . & p . wood ( 2013 ) . giant barred frog ( mixophyes iteratus ) baseline survey . bruce highway ( cooroy to curra ) upgrade section a - ( cooroy southern interchange to sankeys road ) . epbc referral 2011 / 6024 . report prepared for department of transport and main roads . future - plus environmental .
part of the funding that the barung landcare association ( queensland ) received in 2000–01 was for the establishment of buffer zones and the linkage of remnant patches of vegetation using locally native plants to enhance the long - term health of 646 ha of significant local government and state forest reserves , which are known to be utilised by the giant barred frog .
the giant barred frog is distributed from doongul creek , wongi state forest , near maryborough in south - eastern queensland ( hines 2003 ) , south to warrimoo in the blue mountains , new south wales ( hines et al . 1999 ) . the species is currently known from mid to low altitudes below 610 m above sea level ( hines et al . 2004 ) .
h . ehmann , eds . , frog and tadpole study group of nsw , sydney , 78 - 83 .
mahony , m . , r . knowles & l . pattinson ( 1997c ) . gold - eyed barred frog , mixophyes iteratus . in : ehmann , h . , ed . threatened frogs of new south wales : habitats , status and conservation . page ( s ) 78 - 83 . sydney , nsw : frog & tadpole study group of nsw .
the giant barred frog has suffered major declines in the sydney basin bioregion ( hines et al . 1999 ; white 2000 ) where , in the 1990s , extant populations were recorded at only two of the 14 historical sites surveyed . there are no recent records from the blue mountains and only five populations of the species are known to occur in the watagan mountains area ( white 2000 ) .
during the early 1980s , the giant barred frog declined and disappeared from at least two streams in the conondale range ( corben n . d . cited in mcdonald 1991 ) . the bunya mountains and cunningham ' s gap ( straughan 1966 ) previously supported the species but targeted surveys and intensive monitoring of these and nearby sites in the late 1990s failed to locate the species ( hines et al . 1999 ) .
during surveys in the cooroy to curra area of south - east queensland , giant barred frogs were observed to prefer a closed forest canopy with a relatively light cover of vegetation at ground level ( aland & wood 2013 ) . populations of the species have been found in cleared or disturbed areas , for example cattle farms with vegetated riparian strips and regenerated logged areas ( hero & shoo n . d . , cited in hines et al . 2004 ; ingram & mcdonald 1993 ) . many sites where the giant barred frog is known to occur are the lower reaches of streams which have been affected by major disturbances such as clearing , timber harvesting and urban development in their headwaters ( hines et al . 1999 ) .
the giant barred frog is a large , dark - olive green to black coloured frog that grows to 115 mm . it has a pointed snout and a broad lateral band of dark spots dividing the dark dorsal surface from the white , or pale yellow , ventral surface ( underside ) . the limbs have dark crossbars . the hind side of the thighs are black with large yellow spots . two joints of the fourth toe are free of web ( cogger 2000 ) . the skin is finely granular above but smooth below ( qld derm 2005 ) .
hines , h . b . ( 2003 ) . south - east queensland frog survey and monitoring database . wildlife online database . urltoken
this large frog lives in moist forests . it hides during the day , camouflaged beneath fallen leaves or burrowing into the loose soil .
observed among leaf litter at night , the great barred frog occurs especially near streams in their preferred habitat of wet sclerophyll forest , antarctic beech and rainforests . their call is a harsh loud
wark - wark - wark
, heard during spring and summer which , in unison forms a night time chorus in the rainforest . once her eggs are fertilised in the stream by the male , the female frog ejects them out of the water onto the bank to develop . the first rain washes the eggs into the water where they hatch into tadpoles . this frog grows to 8cm in length .
the great barred frog lives in moist forests and is usually found near permanent running water . it hides during the day , camouflaged beneath fallen leaves or burrowing into the loose soil . if threatened it can take long leaps into nearby water , where it then dives and hides among debris on the creek bed .
aland & wood ( 2013 ) noted in their survey report for the bruce highway ( cooroy to curra ) upgrade project ( section a - cooroy southern interchange to sankeys road ) that the selection of plant species for the revegetation of cleared or disturbed forest habitat for the giant barred frog should favour those species that rapidly provide canopy cover ( e . g . macaranga spp . ) and the use of dense groundcover species ( e . g . lomandra spp . ) should be kept to a minimum .
in south - eastern queensland , the giant barred frog is known from doongul creek in the burrum river catchment ( hines 2003 ) , at scattered locations in the mary river catchment downstream to kenilworth , the upper stanley river , caboolture river and coomera river ( hines et al . 1999 ) . a survey between cooroy and curra ( cooroy creek , six mile creek and skyring creek ) detected the species at 11 of 19 surveyed sites targeted multiple times in 2011 - 12 ( aland & wood 2013 ) .
egg mass surveys may be effective , as this species ' eggs are conspicuously deposited out of the water on steep banks of larger pools and under overhanging banks or rocks . the tadpoles drop into the water when hatched ( nsw dec 2005 ) . the larval period of the giant barred frog is from september to may ( goldingay et al . 1999 ; mahony et al . 1997c ) . tadpoles have been recorded as bottom dwellers in still or slowly flowing pools or at the sides of streams ( anstis 2002 ) .
the giant barred frog is a stream breeding species . eggs are deposited out of the water , under overhanging banks or on steep banks of large pools . the stream microhabitats used by the species for oviposition are limited ( knowles et al . 1998 ) . hero and fickling ( 1996 ) and morrison and hero ( 2002 ) reported clutch sizes for the species as 4184 ( one clutch counted ) and 1343–3471 ( 13 clutches counted ) respectively . egg diameter ranges between 1 . 7–1 . 8 mm ( five clutches measured ) ( morrison & hero 2002 ) .
mcdonald , k . r . ( 1991 ) . report of a workshop on declining frog populations in queensland . queensland national parks and wildlife service : unpub . report .
hines , h . , mahony , m . and mcdonald , k . ( 1999 ) . ' ' an assessment of frog declines in wet subtropical australia . ' '
giant barred frog tadpoles are large , growing to over 100 mm in length . they are deep - bodied and ovoid , with a tail length twice that of the body . the tadpole ' s eyes are dorsolateral . the tadpoles are coloured yellow - brown above with dark spots and a dark patch at the base of tail . the underside is silver - white . the intestinal mass is obscured but the heart and lungs are visible from below ( except near metamorphosis ) . the tail is thick and muscular . fins are low and opaque with dark flecking ( except the anterior half of the ventral fin ) ( meyer et al . 2001b ) .
chytridiomycosis is a disease caused by infection with the chytrid fungus ( batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ) affecting amphibians worldwide . the disease has been recorded in four regions of australia , namely the east coast , south - west western australia , adelaide and tasmania . this highly virulent pathogen of amphibians is capable , at the minimum , of causing sporadic deaths in some populations , and 100 % mortality in other populations ( agdeh 2006o ) . chytrid fungus has been identified in individuals of the giant barred frog ( speare & berger 2000 ) . the role played by chytrid fungus in the decline of the species is addressed in the species recovery plan ( hines & seqtfrt 2002 ) .
white , a . ( 2000 ) . the status of the barred river frogs mixophyes balbus and mixophyes iteratus in the sydney basin region of new south wales 1999 - 2000 . report for nsw national parks and wildlife service .
knowles , r . , h . b . hines , k . thum , m . mahony & m . cunningham ( 1998 ) . oviposition of the barred - frogs ( mixophyes species ) in southeastern australia with implications for management .
( 1999 ) . an assessment of frog declines in wet subtropical australia . in ‘declines and disappearances of australian frogs’ . ( ed . a . campbell . ) pp . 44–63 . ( environment australia : canberra . )
oviposition and egg mass morphology in barred frogs ( anura : myobatrachidae : mixophyes günther , 1864 ) , its phylogenetic significance and implications for conservation management . australian zoologist . ( knowles , r . , k . thumm , m . mahony , h . hines , d . newell & m . cunningham , 2014 ) .
hines h , mahony m and mcdonald kr . 1999 . an assessment of frog declines in wet subtropical australia . in campbell , a ( ed ) , ' declines and disappearances of australian frogs ' . ( environment australia , department of the environment and heritage : canberra ) . 234 pp .
knowles , r . , k . thumm , m . mahony , h . hines , d . newell & m . cunningham ( 2014 ) . oviposition and egg mass morphology in barred frogs ( anura : myobatrachidae : mixophyes günther , 1864 ) , its phylogenetic significance and implications for conservation management . australian zoologist . available from : urltoken .
hines , h . , m . mahony & k . mcdonald ( 1999 ) . an assessment of frog declines in wet subtropical australia . in : campbell , a . , ed . declines and disappearances of australian frogs . page ( s ) 44 - 63 . canberra : environment australia . available from : urltoken .
male great barred frogs can be heard calling females with a deep guttural grunt from their hiding places in the leaf litter . the mating pairs enter the water , and the females flick the fertilised eggs onto the stream bank where the first developmental stages are completed out of reach of aquatic predators . the tadpoles are then washed into the creek by the first heavy rains .
streatfeild ( 1999 ) monitored the spatial movements of four male and four female giant barred frogs at coomera river , south - east queensland . over six weeks , the average area used by females and males was 622 m² and 403 m² , respectively . individuals moved a maximum distance of 268 m along the stream and 50 m away from the stream . displacement distances between diurnal refuges , after a night of activity , were small which suggests a high degree of fidelity to the previous day ' s shelter . similar patterns of movement were observed by lemckert and brassil ( 2000 ) although less perpendicular movement away from the stream was observed . individuals tracked for two to five days made nightly movements from 0 m to over 100 m , and all were within a 20 m wide band either side of the stream ( lemckert & brassil 2000 ) .
management of threatened anurans requires an understanding of a species’ behaviour and habitat requirements in both the breeding and non - breeding environments . the giant burrowing frog ( heleioporus australiacus ) is a threatened species in south - eastern australia . little is known about its habitat requirements , creating difficulties in developing management strategies for the species . we radio - tracked 33 individual h . australiacus in order to determine their habitat use and behaviour . data from 33 frogs followed for between 5 and 599 days show that individuals spend little time near ( < 15 m ) their breeding sites ( mean 4 . 7 days for males and 6 . 3 days for females annually ) . most time is spent in distinct non - breeding activity areas 20–250 m from the breeding sites . activity areas of females were further from the breeding site ( mean 143 m ) than those of males ( mean 99 m ) , but were not significantly different in size ( overall mean 500 m 2 ; males 553 m 2 ; females 307 m 2 ) . within activity areas , each frog used 1–14 burrows repeatedly , which we term home burrows . existing prescriptions are inappropriate for this species and we propose protection of key populations in the landscape as a more appropriate means of protecting this species .
barker j . , grigg g . c . , and tyler m . j . ( 1995 ) . ‘a field guide to australian frogs . ’ ( surrey beatty and sons : chipping norton , uk . ) berven , k . a . ( 1990 ) . factors affecting population fluctuations in larval and adult stages of the wood frog ( rana sylvatica ) . ecology 71 , 1599–1608 . | crossref |
a very large frog up to 120 mm with a pointed snout and well developed hind legs . the dorsal surface is dark olive to black , with darker blotches and an irregular dark vertebral band commencing between the eyes and continuing posteriorly . a dark stripe runs from the snout , through the eye and above the tympanum ( hearing organ ) , terminating at a point above the forelimb . there are irregular dark spots or mottling on the flanks . the limbs have a series of dark and pale crossbars of similar width . the hidden part of the thigh is black with a few large , yellow spots . the ventral surface is white to yellow with fine mottling on the chin . the pupil is vertical , while the iris is pale silvery - white to pale gold above , darker in the lower portion . the fingers lack webbing , while the toes are fully webbed , with only the last two joints of the fourth toe free . the skin is finely granular above , smooth below ( barker et al . 1995 ; cogger 2014 ; straughan 1968 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
frost , d . r . 2014 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 ( 27 january 2014 ) . new york , usa . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 27 january 2014 ) .
endangered b2ab ( ii , iii , iv , v ) ver 3 . 1
justification : listed as endangered , because its area of occupancy is less than 500 km2 , its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is continuing decline in its its area of occupancy , in the extent and quality of its habitat , in the number of subpopulations , and in the number of mature individuals .
this species , an australian endemic , is distributed from belli creek near eumundi , south - east queensland , south to warrimoo in mid - eastern new south wales ( hines , mahony and mcdonald 1999 ) . it is currently known from mid to low altitudes below 610m asl . in south - east queensland , it is currently known from scattered locations in the mary river catchments downstream to about kenilworth , upper stanley river , caboolture river and coomera river ( hines , mahony and mcdonald 1999 ) .
many sites where this species occurs are the lower reaches of streams , which have had major disturbances such as clearing , timber harvesting and urban development in their headwaters ( hines , mahony and mcdonald 1999 ) . in the dorrigo area , lemckert ( 1999 ) found that it was less abundant in recently logged areas and sites where there was little undisturbed forest . the impacts of feral animals , domestic stock , weed invasion and disturbance to riparian vegetation , all potential threats to current populations , are unknown ( hines , mahony and mcdonald 1999 ) . populations now generally exist in small , isolated patches of forest . the effect this may have on genetic variation within populations and the general health of individuals is unknown . the species does colonize and use plantations and vegetated streams in otherwise cleared agricultural lands . this is positive for the survival of the species , but also indicates that such sites can be of some significance and any clearing of this vegetation may be of some significance .
this species is listed as endangered in australian legislation . much of its habitat is protected within national parks and state forests . research and monitoring protocols are in place for this species .
harry hines , david newell , john clarke , jean - marc hero , ed meyer . 2004 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
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for information to assist regulatory considerations , refer to policy statements and guidelines , the conservation advice , the listing advice and / or the recovery plan .
recovery plan required , this species had a recovery plan in force at the time the legislation provided for the minister to decide whether or not to have a recovery plan ( 19 / 2 / 2007 ) .
hines , h . b . & the south - east queensland threatened frogs recovery team ( 2002 ) .
. report to environment australia , canberra . queensland parks and wildlife service , brisbane . available from :
survey guidelines for australia ' s threatened frogs . epbc act survey guidelines 6 . 3
( department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts ( dewha ) , 2010 ) [ admin guideline ] .
listed as endangered ( global status : iucn red list of threatened species : 2017 . 1 list )
the distribution shown is generalised from the departments species of national environmental significance dataset . this is an indicative distribution map of the present distribution of the species based on best available knowledge . some species information is withheld in line with sensitive species polices . see map caveat for more information .
in mid - eastern nsw , the species is known from five populations in the watagan mountains area ( white 2000 ) . there are no recent records from the blue mountains ( hines & seqtfrt 2002 ) .
there are no specimens or other records to substantiate a report in cogger ( 1996 ) that the species is found as far south as narooma ( hines & seqtfrt 2002 ) .
a study by koch and hero ( 2007 ) , along the coomera river , queensland , in 2000 , suggested that there is a relationship between the distance that males moved away from streams and the amount of rainfall , with animals tending to move further away during high rainfall events . it has been proposed that this behaviour may be due to the increased chance of streams rising during high rainfall events and subsequent desiccation of eggs when the stream level returned to base flow ( magnusson et al . 1999 , cited in koch & hero 2007 ) . frogs would alternatively participate in other activities , such as feeding , rather than breeding , which may occur further from the stream . in the absence of flooding events however , fukuyama and kusano ( 1992 , cited in koch & hero 2007 ) found that the observed density of frogs did not significantly change during rainfall .
several studies ( salvador & carrascal 1990 , fukuyama & kusano 1992 , cited in koch & hero 2007 ) suggest that temperature , out of all the environmental variables , has the greatest influence on the relative density of amphibian populations . koch and hero ( 2007 ) found that most adult males were above ground when temperatures were above 18 °c , and that densities were lower on cooler nights , suggesting that frogs were burying themselves under the leaf litter .
part of the funding that the upper clarence combined landcare inc . received in 2002–03 was for the reduction of predation by the european fox ( vulpes vulpes ) on this species through co - ordinated on - ground action to educate landholders , raise community awareness and initiate partnerships between stakeholders .
the north coast herpetology group inc . received funding in 2003–04 for the creation of a wildlife refuge for this species and to better understand its habits and habitat by re - establishing habitat and any corridor that has been demolished through logging .
anstis , m . ( 2002 ) . tadpoles of south - eastern australia . a guide with keys . sydney , nsw : reed new holland .
barker , j . , g . c . grigg . & m . j . tyler ( 1995 ) . a field guide to australian frogs . chipping norton , nsw : surrey beatty & sons .
cogger , h . g . ( 1996 ) . reptiles and amphibians of australia . chatswood , nsw : reed books .
cogger , h . g . ( 2000 ) . reptiles and amphibians of australia - 6th edition . sydney , nsw : reed new holland .
commonwealth department of the environment and heritage ( deh ) ( 2006o ) . threat abatement plan for infection of amphibians with chytrid fungus resulting in chytridiomycosis . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 19 - may - 2006 . ceased to be in effect under the epbc act from 01 - oct - 2016 .
goldingay , r . , d . newell & m . graham ( 1999 ) . the status of rainforest stream frogs in north - eastern new south wales : decline or recovery ? . in : campbell , a . , ed . declines and disappearances of australian frogs . page ( s ) 64 - 71 . canberra : environment australia .
hero , j . - m . & s . fickling ( 1996 ) . reproductive characteristics of female frogs from mesic habitats in queensland . memoirs of the queensland museum . 39 : 306 .
hines , h . , d . newell , j . clarke , j - m . hero & meyer , e . ( 2004 ) . mixophyes iteratus . iucn 2009 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2009 . 2 . viewed on 25 january 2010 . available from : urltoken .
hines , h . b . & the south - east queensland threatened frogs recovery team ( 2002 ) . recovery plan for stream frogs of south - east queensland 2001 - 2005 . report to environment australia , canberra . queensland parks and wildlife service , brisbane . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 13 - oct - 2003 .
ingram , g . j . & k . r . mcdonald ( 1993 ) . an update on the decline of queenslands frogs . in : lunney , d . & d . ayers , eds . herpetology in australia : a diverse discipline . page ( s ) 297 - 303 . sydney , nsw : royal zoological society of nsw .
lemckert , f . ( 1999 ) . impacts of selective logging on frogs in a forested area of northern new south wales . biological conservation . 89 : 321 - 328 .
morrison , c . & j . - m . hero ( 2002 ) . geographic variation in life history characteristics of amphibians in mid - eastern australia : reproductive traits . in : r . nattrass , ed . frogs in the community - proceedings of the brisbane conference 13 - 14 feb 1999 . queensland museum .
nsw national parks & wildlife service ( nsw npws ) ( 1994c ) . fauna of north - east nsw forests . north - east forests biodiversity study report no . 3 . hurtsville , nsw : unpub . report nsw national parks and wildlife service .
robinson , m . ( 1993 ) . a field guide to frogs of australia . chatswood , nsw : reed .
speare , r & l . berger ( 2000 ) . chytridiomycosis in amphibians in australia . townsville , queensland : rainforest crc & school of public health and tropical medicine , james cook university . available from : urltoken .
straughan , i . r . ( 1966 ) . an analysis of species recognition and species isolation in certain queensland frogs . ph . d . thesis . brisbane , queensland : university of queensland .
streatfeild , c . ( 1999 ) . spatial movements of mixophyes iteratus and m . fasciolatus in southeast queensland . hons . thesis . brisbane , queensland ; griffith university .
tyler , m . j . ( 1997 ) . the action plan for australian frogs . wildlife australia . canberra , act : environment australia . available from : urltoken .
australian government department of the environment and heritage ( agdeh ) ( 2005p ) . non - current threat abatement plan for predation , habitat degradation , competition and disease transmission by feral pigs . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 18 - jul - 2005 . ceased to be in effect under the epbc act from 01 - oct - 2015 .
commonwealth of australia ( 2000 ) . declaration under s178 , s181 , and s183 of the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 - list of threatened species , list of threatened ecological communities and list of threatening processes . f2005b02653 . canberra : federal register of legislative instruments . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 16 - jul - 2000 .
epbc act email updates can be received via the communities for communities newsletter and the epbc act newsletter .
this database is designed to provide statutory , biological and ecological information on species and ecological communities , migratory species , marine species , and species and species products subject to international trade and commercial use protected under the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 ( the epbc act ) . it has been compiled from a range of sources including listing advice , recovery plans , published literature and individual experts . while reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information , no guarantee is given , nor responsibility taken , by the commonwealth for its accuracy , currency or completeness . the commonwealth does not accept any responsibility for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of , or reliance on , the information contained in this database . the information contained in this database does not necessarily represent the views of the commonwealth . this database is not intended to be a complete source of information on the matters it deals with . individuals and organisations should consider all the available information , including that available from other sources , in deciding whether there is a need to make a referral or apply for a permit or exemption under the epbc act .
citation : department of the environment ( 2018 ) . mixophyes iteratus in species profile and threats database , department of the environment , canberra . available from : urltoken . accessed tue , 10 jul 2018 06 : 42 : 15 + 1000 .
close the former department of environment and heritage protection is merging to form the new department of environment and science . this site will be updated while the new department of environment and science website is being established .
conservation status : this species is listed as endangered in queensland ( nature conservation act 1992 ) and nationally ( environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 ) . it is ranked as a medium priority under the department of environment and heritage protection back on track species prioritisation framework .
this species occurs along shallow rocky streams in rainforest , wet sclerophyll forest and farmland from 100 to 1000 m or along deep , slow moving streams with steep banks in the lowlands .
this species experienced significant population declines in the north and south of its range during the late 1980 ' s . in south - east queensland it is currently known from scattered locations in the catchments of the mary , upper stanley , caboolture and coomera rivers . a population in the conondale range , which was previously thought to be extinct , appears to be recovering . recent surveys have failed to locate the species in historical sites in the bunya mountains , cunningham ' s gap and main range .
relatively little is known regarding the reproductive biology of this species . a gravid female was found to carry 4184 eggs with a mean diameter of 1 . 6 mm . larvae are present throughout the year and probably over - winter . laboratory reared metamorphs reach 28 - 30 mm ( hero & fickling 1996 ; straughan 1966 ) .
the tadpole has not been formally described . they are large and take a form commonly seen in tadpoles that inhabit free - flowing water , with a suctorial mouth , muscular tail and reduced fins .
the primary cause of decline in this species is suspected to be the chytrid fungus disease . current threats include the chytrid fungus , loss and fragmentation of habitat , changes in water quality and flow regimes , introduced fish , feral pigs , domestic stock trampling and fouling streams and weed invasion of waterways .
barker j , grigg gc and tyler mj . 1995 . a field guide to australian frogs . surrey beatty & sons , chipping norton , nsw .
cogger hg . 2014 . reptiles and amphibians of australia ( seventh edition ) . csiro publishing , victoria .
cogger hg , cameron ee and cogger hm . 1983 . zoological catalogue of australia . vol . 1 amphibia and reptilia . australian government publishing service : canberra .
covacevich , ja and mcdonald , kr 1993 . distribution and conservation of frogs and reptiles of queensland rainforests . memoirs of the queensland museum 34 ( 1 ) : 189 - 199 .
curtis lk , dennis aj , mcdonald kr , kyne pm and debus sjs . 2012 . queensland ’s threatened animals . csiro publishing , victoria , australia .
davies m . 1991 . descriptions of the tadpoles of some australian limnodynastine leptodactylid frogs . transactions of the royal society of south australia 115 : 67 - 76 .
hero jm and fickling s . 1996 . reproductive characteristics of female frogs from mesic habitats in queensland . memoirs of the queensland museum 39 : 306 .
hines hb and the south - east queensland threatened frogs recovery team 2002 . recovery plan for stream frogs of south - east queensland 2001 - 2005 . report to environment australia . canberra . queensland parks and wildlife service , brisbane .
ingram gj and mcdonald kr . 1993 . an update on the decline of queensland ' s frogs . pp 297 - 303 in lunney , d . and ayers , d . ( eds ) , herpetology in australia . a diverse discipline . ( royal zoological society of new south wales : mosman ) . 414pp .
straughan ir . 1968 . a taxonomic review of the genus mixophyes ( anura , leptodactylidae ) . proceedings of the linnean society of nsw . 93 : 52 - 59 .
tyler mj and knight f . 2009 . field guide to the frogs of australia . csiro publishing , collingwood victoria .
arkive is working with iucn - international union for conservation of nature , to source images of the world ' s threatened amphibian species . together with conservation international and natureserve , iucn has led a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status for the world ' s known species of frogs , toads , salamanders , newts and caecilians . to date , the project has involved the input of more than 600 herpetologists from around the world .
iucn red list category , and details of range , ecology , threats and conservation information for every known amphibian species , can be found on the iucn red list website .
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if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 8ca50121 - ad3d - 4ace - 9c49 - 712756b07448
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f0e3a6ad - 80ff - 41d5 - b741 - cce65a53f5e8
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 305173f5 - 4f94 - 45f1 - be96 - aa4105095d9f
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 346776
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is distributed form belli ck near eumundi , s . e . qld , s . to warrimoo mid - e . nsw ( hines et al . 1999 ) . the area of occurrence of the species is approximately 110 000 km2 ( map in hines et al . 1999 ) .
is currently known from mid to low altitudes below 520 m ( goldingay et al . 1999 ; white 2000 ; h . hines & l . shoo unpubl . data ) . in s . e . qld ,
is currently known from scattered locations in the mary r . catchment downstream to about kenilworth , upper stanley r . , caboolture r . and coomera r . ( hines et al . 1999 ) . during the early 1980’s
declined and disappeared from at least two streams in the conondale range ( corben in mcdonald 1991 ) . the bunya mt ( straughan 1966 ) and cunningham’s gap ( straughan 1966 ) previously supported
but these and nearby sites have recently been the subject of targeted surveys and intensive monitoring without locating the species ( hines et al . 1999 ) . assessing the extent of the decline is difficult because of the lack of baseline data on its distribution and abundance ( hines et al . 1999 ) .
has suffered major declines in the southern portion of its range in the sydney basin region ( hines et al . 1999 ; white 2000 ) where extant populations were recorded at only 2 of the 14 historical sites surveyed ( white 2000 ) . there are no recent records from the blue mt and the species is currently only known from a five populations in the watagan mt area ( white 2000 ) . a population was recently located in the southern nambucca river catchment ( nsw npws 1994 ) . north of this there is currently a large population in the dorrigo - coffs harbour area , north washpool and bungawalbin sf ( hines et al . 1999 ) . in far n . e . nsw ,
is known from only three broad areas ( mebbin , whian whian and richmond range ) , despite intensive surveys ( goldingay et al . 1999 ) . goldingay et al . ( 1999 ) reported that the density of these populations was relatively low with an average abundance of 4 . 2 individuals per 100 m of stream transect between 1997 and 1998 and an average of 3 . 4 individuals over the same transects in 1999 ( goldingay et al . 1999 ) .
is known from qld : conondale , lamington , main range np , ingelbar , kenilworth , spicer’s gap sf ( tyler 1997 ) , blackall ( m . hero pers . comm . ) ; and from nsw : gibraltar range , guy fawkes r . , nightcap , washpool np , wild cattle ck , kangaroo r . , orara west and orara east sf ( tyler 1997 ) , clouds ck . , doubleduke , ewingbar sf ( k . mccray pers . comm . ) , bril bril , ingelba , maria r . , mcpherson , mt boss , watagan , wyong np ( f . lemckert pers . comm . ) , mebbin , mt warning , richmond range np , whian whian sf ( goldingay et al . 1999 ) , upper allyn r , middle brother sf , numbucca r . catchment , bungawalbin , washpool sf ( hines et al . 1999 ) , olney sf ( white 2000 ) .
occurs in uplands and lowlands in rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest , including farmland ( ingram & mcdonald 1993 ) . populations have been found in disturbed areas with vegetated riparian strips in cattlefarms and regenerating logged areas ( hero & shoo pers . obs . ) . tadpoles do occur with many species of native fish , however no introduced fish species have been observed in sympatry with
is a stream breeding species . eggs are deposited out of water , under overhanging banks or on steep banks of large pools ( knowles et al . 1998 ) . the stream microhabitats used by the species for oviposition are limited ( knowles et al . 1998 ) . hero and fickling ( 1996 ) and morrison and hero ( in press ) reported clutch sizes for the species as 4184 ( n = 1 ) and 1343 - 3471 ( n = 13 ) respectively and egg diameter ranges between 1 . 7 - 1 . 8mm ( n = 5 ) ( morrison and hero in press ) . the tadpole of
has not been formally described . a written description of the tadpole is presented in meyer et al . ( 2001 ) .
appears to be a generalist feeder with crickets , spiders , beetles , snails , earwigs and frogs being recorded from gut contents ( f . lemckert pers . comm . ) .
feral animals , domestic stock and weed invasion have been identified as potential threats to current populations of the species ( hines et al . 1999 ) . this is particularly important as many populations of
in s . e . qld and some populations in n . e . nsw , such as the tweed valley , occur along narrow remnant riparian vegetation on private lands ( h . hines pers . comm . ) which are readily exposed to such disturbances . damage from feral pigs has increased greatly in the conondale range in recent years and possibly other areas occupied by the species ( h . hines pers . comm . ) . while there is potential for direct predation by pigs , the greatest impact is likely to be from increased silt on embryos and tadpoles ( h . hines pers . comm . ) . similarly , trampling by domestic stock is also likely to have deleterious impacts on oviposition sites of the species ( knowles et al . 1998 ) .
at coomera r . , s . e . qld . over six weeks , the average area of utilisation of females and males was 622 m2 ( n = 4 ) and 403 m2 ( n = 4 ) respectively . individuals moved a maximum distance of 268 m along the stream and 50 m away from the stream . displacement distances between diurnal refuges , after a night of activity , were minimal which suggests a high degree of fidelity to previous days diurnal shelter for the species . similar patterns of movement were observed by lemckert and brassil ( 2000 ) although less perpendicular movement away from the stream was observed . individuals tracked for 2 to 5 day periods made nightly movements from 0 to over 100 m , all were within a 20 m wide band either side of the stream ( lemckert & brassil 2000 ) . adults are often found half - buried under leaf litter ( meyer et al . 2001 ) .
occurs are the lower reaches of streams which have had major disturbances such as clearing , timber harvesting and urban development in their headwaters ( hines et al . 1999 ) . in the dorrigo area , lemckert ( 1999 ) found that
was less abundant in recently logged areas and sites where there was little undisturbed forest . the impacts of feral animals , domestic stock , weed invasion and disturbance to riparian vegetation , all potential threats to current populations , are unknown ( hines et al . 1999 ) . populations of
now generally exist in small , isolated patches of forest . the effect this may have on genetic variation within populations and the general health of individuals is unknown .
goldingay , r . , newell , d . , and graham , m . ( 1999 ) . ' ' the status of rainforest stream frogs in north - eastern new south wales : decline or recovery ? ' '
a . campbell , eds . , environment australia , canberra , 64 - 71 .
hero , j . - m . and fickling , s . ( 1996 ) . ' ' reproductive characteristics of female frogs from mesic habitats in queensland . ' '
a . campbell , eds . , environment australia , canberra , 44 - 63 .
ingram , g . j . , and mcdonald , k . r . ( 1993 ) . ' ' an update on the decline of queensland ' s frogs . ' '
d . lunney and d . ayers , eds . , transactions of the royal zoological society of new south wales , 297 - 303 .
knowles , r . , hines , h . b . , thum , k . , mahony , m . , and cunningham , m . ( 1998 ) .
unpublished abstract of a talk presented to the australian society of herpetologists meeting , february 1998 .
lemckert , f . ( 1999 ) . ' ' impacts of selective logging on frogs in a forested area of northern new south wales . ' '
morrison , c . and hero , j . - m . ( in press ) . ' ' geographic variation in life history characteristics of amphibians in mid - eastern australia : reproductive traits . ' '
results of vertebrate fauna surveys of north - east nsw forests . north east forests biodiversity study report no . 3a , vol . 1 , site and transect based methods .
j . - m . hero ; h . hines ; r . goldingay ; e . meyer ; f . lemckert ; k ( m . hero at mailbox . gu . edu . au ) , griffith university
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 .
classified as endangered ( en ) on the iucn red list 2006 ( 1 ) .
nhpa / photoshot holdings ltd 29 - 31 saffron hill london ec1n 8sw united kingdom tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 20 7421 6003 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 20 7421 6006 sales @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken
a school of geography and environmental studies , university of tasmania , private bag 78 , hobart , tas . 7001 , australia .
b centre for innovative conservation strategies , school of environment , griffith university , gold coast campus , pmb 50 gcmc , bundall , qld 9726 , australia .
additional keywords : amphibian , climate , detectability , environmental variables , frogs , radio - tracking , surveys .
many thanks to the volunteers who assisted in the field work for this project . in particular , matt fossey , simon hodgkison , luke shoo and andrew melville . thanks also to clare morrison , luke shoo and andrew melville for advice throughout the study .