the whitaker 's shrew ( crocidura whitakeri ) is a species of mammal in the family soricidae .

it is found in western sahara , algeria , morocco , tunisia .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , rocky and sandy coasts .

it is a fairly common species and the international union for conservation of nature has rated its conservation status as being of " least concern " .

whitaker ' s shrew

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there are no specific conservation plans in place for whittaker’s shrew ( 1 ) .
whitaker , j . , d . pascal . 1971 . external parasites of the arctic shrew in minnesota . . journal of mammalogy , 52 : 202 .
whitaker , j . , w . hamilton . 1998 . mammals of the eastern united states . new york : cornell university press .
the vagrant shrew ( sorex vagrans ) , also known as the wandering shrew , is a medium - sized north american shrew . at one time , the montane shrew and the orizaba long - tailed shrew were considered to belong to the same species .
blair , w . n . ( 1926 ) blair ' s white - toothed shrew . scillonian 5 : 164 - 5 .
the arctic shrew ( sorex arcticus ) , also known as the blackback shrew or saddlebacked shrew , is a medium - sized shrew found in canada and the northern united states . separate species status has been proposed for the maritime shrew ( sorex maritimensis ) which is found in new brunswick and nova scotia and had been considered to be a subspecies of the arctic shrew . the tundra shrew ( sorex tundrensis ) was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the arctic shrew .
the apennine shrew ( sorex samniticus ) is a species of shrew in the soricidae family . the mammal is endemic to italy .
1990 . comparison of species - shrews . pp . 492 - 493 in s parker , s schmizs , b grzimek , eds . grizimek ' s encyclopedia , vol . 1 , 1st edition . farmington hills , mi : mcgraw - hill .
, but in general , olfaction is the strongest and most developed sense in shrews . a large portion of a shrew ' s brain is devoted to olfaction .
owen , james g . ; hoffmann , robert s . ( 15 december 1983 ) .
chakraborty , s . , pradhan , m . s . & subramanian , k . a . 2002 . crocidura nicobarica . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 30 july 2007 .
carmen , ma .
sorex palustris water shrew
. animal diversity web .
, a female lesser white - toothed shrew and her young may form a
caravan
when foraging for food or seeking a place of safety ; each shrew grips the tail of the shrew in front so that the group stays together .
comments : see george ( 1988 ) for an electrophoretic study of systematic relationships among sorex species . s . monticolus ( which now includes s . m . obscurus ) is considered distinct from s . vagrans ( hennings and hoffman 1977 ) . sorex vagrans sonomae ( of california and oregon ) were elevated by carraway ( 1990 ) to full species status ( including 2 subspecies : sonomae and newly described tenelliodus ) . sorex monticolus bairdii , which formerly has been included in sorex vagrans , was regraded by carraway ( 1990 ) as a distinct species , sorex bairdii with 2 subspecies ( bairdii and permiliensis ) . jones et al . ( 1992 ) and hutterer ( in wilson and reeder 1993 ) followed carraway ( 1990 ) in regarding s . vagrans , s . monticolus , s . bairdii , and s . sonomae as separate species . carraway ( 1990 ) subsumed s . trigonirostris into s . vagrans and did not indicate that trigonirostris deserved even subspecific status .
churchfield , s . 1990 . the natural history of shrews . ithaca , ny : cornell university press .
wilson , d . , s . ruff . 1999 . water shrew , sorex palustris . pp . 38 - 39 in the smithsonian book of north american mammals . vancouver : ubc press .
breeding interval : arctic shrew females give birth to one or two litters each year .
and they may also prefer areas with more acidic soils than other local shrew species .
natureserve ( whittaker , j . c . , hammerson , g . & norris , s . j . )
churchfield , s . 1990 . the natural history of shrews . ithaca , new york : comstock publishing associates .
harris , s ; yalden , d . w .
mammals of the british isles
. the mammal society .
like all female mammals , water shrew mothers provide their young with milk after they are born .
the tail of the shrew is bicolored , gradually ranging from brown above to more gray underneath .
the nicobar shrew or nicobar white - tailed shrew ( crocidura nicobarica ) is a critically endangered species of mammal in the soricidae family . it is endemic to the great nicobar island of india .
type : miller , g . s . 1901 jun 27 . proceedings of the biological society of washington . 14 : 95 .
type : miller , g . s . 1902 may 29 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 24 : 776 .
the ansell ' s shrew ( crocidura ansellorum ) is a species of mammal in the soricidae family . it is endemic to zambia . its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests . it is threatened by habitat loss .
the excessive use of pesticides to control locusts may be affecting whittaker’s shrew , either by reducing the availability of its insect prey , or by poisoning the shrew when it ingests insects containing the chemicals ( 1 ) . however , this threat is not believed to be placing the species at risk of extinction at present ( 1 ) .
the breeding period of the ornate shrew starts in late february and ends in late september or october .
van zyll de jong , c . 1999 . tundra shrew . pp . 44 - 45 in d wilson , s ruff , eds . the smithsonian book of north american mammals . washington d . c . : smithsonian institution press .
nowak , r . m . ( 1999 ) walker’s mammals of the world . the johns hopkins university press , baltimore , maryland .
amori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority ) & stuart , s . n . ( global mammal assessment team )
species of the crocidura genus are more commonly called ‘white - toothed shrews’ , a name that distinguishes them from the closely related red - toothed shrews , whose teeth are coloured by iron deposits ( 2 ) . very little is known about whittaker’s shrew , but crocidura shrews generally have short , smooth , thick fur and a long , bristly tail ( 3 ) . the colouration of whittaker’s shrew is said to be similar to the lesser white - toothed shrew ( crocidura suaveolens ) , which has brownish - grey fur on the back , a white belly and white legs ( 4 ) .
water shrews are short - lived . the typical life span of a water shrew is about 18 months .
. like other shrew species , it has a high metabolic rate and needs to feed frequently . it eats
churchfield , s . ( 1988 ) shrews of the british isles . shire natural history series no 30 . shire publications , princes risborough .
in 1975 the species was recorded from campbell bay national park to the galathea river , but in a subsequent survey in 1984 , no specimens were observed in the same area ( s . s . saha pers . comm . ) . the population is considered to be decreasing .
shrew species communicate with different types of calls as well , for example , chirps are sometimes used in courtship .
the only known predators of arctic shrews are owls . the remains of an arctic shrew have been found in a
the black shrew ( suncus ater ) is a white - toothed shrew only known from mount kinabalu in the malaysian state of sabah on the island of borneo . it is listed as a critically endangered species due to habitat loss and a restricted range . it is the smallest shrew of its kind and lives in parts of middle asia .
macdonald , s . 2003 . the small mammals of alaska : a field handbook of the shrews and small rodents . unpublished : unpublished draft .
type : miller , g . s . 1909 may . annals and magazine of natural history ( ser . 8 ) . 3 : 417 .
air bubbles are trapped in the thick fur when the animal dives underwater . the air bubbles help the shrew with buoyancy and also allow it to engage in a behavior called “water - walking” . the water shrew can dive underwater for about 15 seconds , but is only able to if it is swimming vigorously . the air bubbles allow the shrew to swim , but as soon as the shrew stops swimming , then it will shoot back up to the surface .
the gueldenstaedt ' s shrew ( crocidura gueldenstaedtii ) is a species of mammal in the soricidae family . it is found in armenia , azerbaijan , china , georgia ( country ) , greece , kazakhstan , kyrgyzstan , russia , taiwan , turkey , and uzbekistan .
2004 . alpine shrew . pp . 254 - 260 in d kleiman , v geist , m mcdade , m hutchins , eds . grzimek ' s animal life encyclopedia , vol . volume 13 , 2nd edition edition . farmington hills , mi : gale group .
team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .
mutchler , s . 2011 .
sorex minutus
( on - line ) . animal diversity web . accessed april 06 , 2011 at urltoken .
stone , r . 1995 . eurasian insectivores and tree shrews - status survey and conservation action plan . iucn / ssc insectivore , tree shrew and elephant shrew specialist group : 1 - 164 . accessed april 05 , 2011 at urltoken .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
its feet have a fringe of hairs , more visible on the larger hind feet , which allow this animal to run on the water ' s surface .
the alpine shrew is nocturnal and is a skilled climber , using its tail for balance . it uses scent glands on its
shrews of similar size have a gestation period around 21 days , but no definitive information on the ornate shrew is available .
the alpine shrew is found in the mountains and uplands of central and eastern europe and parts of france . its range includes the
clough , g . 1963 . biology of the arctic shrew , sorex arcticus . american midland naturalist , 69 : 69 - 81 .
shrews have limited visual ability . the eyes of shrews are very small , and the optic region of the shrew brain is small .
buckner , c . 1970 . direct observation of shrew predation on insects and fish . the blue jay , 28 : 171 - 172 .
. there is a stretch of territory through baja where the shrew is not found , then it is found again near the southern tip .
it is listed on appendix iii of the bern convention . a major part of the alpine shrew ' s range in the carpathians is covered by the carpathians reserve ( about 45 , 000 ha ) and national park ( about 70 , 000 ha ) . there is a need for monitoring , particularly of isolated subpopulations .
macdonald , d . w . and tattershall , f . t . ( 2001 ) britain ' s mammals - the challenge for conservation . the wildlife conservation research unit , oxford urltoken
and is known as the scilly shrew . skull and tooth measurements of individuals from scilly are found to be intermediate in size of those in the
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shrews can make and hear sounds in high frequencies . calls are made for defense and courtship . they are also made when an shrew is afraid .
conaway , c . 1952 . life history of the water shrew ( sorex palustris ) . amer . midland nat . , 48 : 219 - 248 .
the nicobar shrew is a nocturnal and semi fossorial species , which lives among leaf litter in tropical moist deciduous forest ( molur et al . 2005 ) .
spitzenberger , f . 1996 . zoogeogeography of autria ' s mammal fauna . an interim report on atlas work in progress . proceedings of the 1st european congress of mammalogy , 1 : 55 - 65 .
and sent it to mr f w smalley
who had the largest collection of rodents in the country
. in 2010 , a scilly shrew made headlines on
. it was only discovered as the ship was about to arrive in penzance . the shrew was flown back to the isles of scilly the next day on a
the ornate shrew is found along portions of the west coast of north america and a few near shore islands . the northern extent is around 39 degrees latitude in
global range : sakhalin island ; siberia , from the pechora river to chukotka , south to the altai mountains ; mongolia and northeastern china ; alaska ; yukon , northwest territories , canada ( hutterer , in wilson and reeder 1993 ) . according to rausch and rausch ( 1993 ) , s . tundrensis is limited to the nearctic and the eurasian populations comprise a complex of sibling species distinct from s . tundrensis .
ticul alvarez , s . , matson , j . , castro - arellano , i . , woodman , n . , de grammont , p . c . & hammerson , g . ( 2008 ) .
the lesser white - toothed shrew found in a variety of habitats , among shrubs in coastal sand dunes or dense plants in rocky deserts , humid or arid conditions .
macdonald , d . w . , and tattersall , f . t . ( 2001 ) . britain ' s mammals - the challenge for conservation . the wildlife conservation research unit , oxford university . available from urltoken
lvarez - castaeda , s . t . , matson , j . , castro - arellano , i . , woodman , n . , de grammont , p . c . & hammerson , g . a .
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lawrence , w . , k . hays , s . graham . 1965 . arthropodous ectoparasites from some northern michigan mammals . occasional papers of the museum of zoology , university of michigan , 639 : 1 - 7 .
george , s . b . ( 1988 ) .
systematics , historical biogeography , and evolution of the genus sorex
. journal of mammalogy 69 ( 3 ) : 443–461 . doi : 10 . 2307 / 1381337 .
this shrew has a wide distribution in europe , extends eastwards to japan and also occurs in north africa ( 3 ) . it does not occur on mainland britain , but is present on jersey and sark in the channel islands and is also found on the scilly isles ( 3 ) , where it is thought to be represented by a subspecies known as the scilly shrew ( c . s . cassiteridum , endemic to the scilly isles ( 6 ) . it is believed to have originally been introduced to the scilly isles ( 4 ) and has since evolved into a new subspecies .
baird , d . , r . timm , g . nordquist . 1983 . reproduction in the arctic shrew , sorex arcticus . journal of mammalogy , 64 : 298 - 301 .
this shrew inhabits dry and rocky areas with little plant life , as well as coastal sand dunes , where it takes shelter in the burrows of rodents or among rocks ( 1 ) .
, fungi and green vegetation . once it ' s caught , the food is held by the fore feet and torn to pieces using the teeth through upward thrusting of the head . water shrews can live without food for up to 3 hours , but captive shrews have been found to feed almost every 10 minutes . the amount of food required by a water shrew has been estimated to be 0 . 95 g / day .
platt , w . , n . blakley . 1973 . short - term effects of shrew predation upon invertebrate prey . proceedings of the iowa academy of science , 80 : 60 - 66 .
comments : some recent literature regards sorex alaskanus as a subspecies of s . palustris ( junge and hoffman 1981 ; jarrel and macdonald 1989 ; jones et al . 1992 ; harris , in wilson and ruff 1999 ) , whereas other authors have regarded s . alaskanus as a distinct species ( hall 1981 ; beneski and stinson 1987 ; george 1988 ; hutterer , in wilson and reeder 1993 ; carraway 1995 ; baker et al . 2003 ) . inadequate material has prevented conclusive studies ( cook et al . 1997 ) . see george ( 1988 ) for an electrophoretic study of systematic relationships among sorex species . taxonomy of s . palustris currently is being studied by suzanne mclaren ( carnegie museum nat . hist . , pittsburgh , pa ) .
in which the males are in general bigger and heavier than the females . the size of the shrew can be anywhere from 130–170 mm and weigh from 8 - 18 grams . their tails range from 57–89 mm . the shrew contains black and brown fur colors and changes depending on the season . the color will change to lighter brown in the summer and a black color in the winter .
the lesser white - toothed shrew is a medium - sized shrew . the upperparts of the body and side grayish or reddish brown in color . tail relatively long . tail color varies from grayish to brownish above , paler below with bristles dispersed along the entire length . distinctive line dividing the upperparts from the underparts . underparts and feet whitish . snout broad . ears small but distinguished . eyes small .
the sicilian shrew ( crocidura sicula ) is a species of mammal in the soricidae family . it is found in sicily ( italy ) and gozo ( malta ) . its natural habitat is temperate shrubland .
diurnal animal with maximum activity from 5 to 8 pm , otherwise hiding between shrubs or under rocks . feeds on snails , earthworm and arthropods , especially insects . lesser white - toothed shrew secretes pheromones to communicate with other individuals . it is typically a solitary species . lesser white - toothed shrew breeds from one to seven times throughout the year , but mainly from march to may . female gives birth to five litters each containing from one to six young after a gestation period of around 28 days . the young open their eyes at 10 days and reaches sexual maturity after 3 months . lesser white - toothed shrew can live for 2 . 5 years .
it is listed on appendix iii of the bern convention . subspecies c . s . caneae , endemic to crete , is on appendix ii of the bern convention ( as c . ariadne ) . it occurs in protected areas within its range . no specific conservation actions are recommended .
hutterer , r . , g . amori , b . kryštufek , h . meinig , s . bertolino , f . spitzenberger , j . zima . 2010 .
sorex alpinus
( on - line ) . iucn red list . accessed march 06 , 2011 at urltoken .
feldhamer , g . a . , drickamer , l . c . , vessey , s . h . , merritt , j . f . and krajewski , c . ( 2007 ) mammalogy : adaptation , diversity , ecology . third edition . the johns hopkins university press , baltimore , maryland .
johnston , r . f . & rudd , r . l . ( 1957 ) .
breeding of the salt marsh shrew
. journal of mammalogy 38 ( 2 ) : 157–163 . doi : 10 . 2307 / 1376305 .
gillihan , s . w . & foresman , k . r . ( 2004 ) .
sorex vagrans
. mammalian species : number 744 : pp . 1–5 . doi : 10 . 1644 / 1545 - 1410 ( 2004 ) 744 < 0001 : sv > 2 . 0 . co ; 2 .
the alpine shrew ( sorex alpinus ) is a species of mammal in the soricidae family . it is found in the alpine meadows and coniferous forests of southern european mountain ranges : the alps , the pyrenees , the carpathian mountains and the balkans .
whittaker’s shrewcan be found across north africa , in morocco , algeria , tunisia and egypt , the spanish northern african territories of ceuta and melilla , and possibly also in western sahara and libya . it is distributed over a large altitudinal range , from sea level to up to 1 , 800 metres ( 1 ) .
this species is found from southern british columbia , canada south to monterrey , california , and east to idaho , western montana , and northern utah in the united states . a disjunct subspecies s . vagrans orizabae found in the transverse volcanic belt of mexico was recently elevated to species status ( carraway , 2007 ) .
stiff hairs along the sides of the hind feet are found only in the water shrew and the pacific water shrew ( sorex bendirii ) . the latter , a pacific northwest species , differs in being slightly larger ( 8 . 9 - 9 . 7 cm , 3 . 5 - 3 . 8 inches , body length ) and dark brown rather than blackish - gray ( burt and grossenheider 1976 ) . see carraway ( 1995 ) for a key to western north american soricids based primarily on dentaries .
the average life expectancy of a vagrant shrew has been estimated at a little over six months . however , they can live much longer ; although few survive for more than seventeen months , a few survive their second winter and reach two years of age .
possessing an extremely high metabolism , shrews have to feed every two to three hours to meet the demands of this high energy requirement , and often eat more than their body weight in food every day ( 6 ) . the diet of crocidura shrews typically consists of invertebrates , frogs , toads and lizards , and the bodies of recently killed animals ( 5 ) . another consequence of a shrew’s high metabolism and resultant active lifestyle is a rather short life span ( 2 ) ; shrews rarely live longer than a year , making them the shortest lived mammals in the world ( 6 ) .
type for crocidura suaveolens catalog number : usnm 105801 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : e . zollikofer year collected : 1900 locality : zuberwangen , sankt gallen , switzerland , europe
hutterer , r . ; amori , g . ; kryštufek , b . ; meinig , h . ; bertolino , s . ; spitzenberger , f . ; zima , j . ( 2008 ) . ' sorex alpinus ' . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 2013 - 08 - 21 .
the appenine shrew is endemic to the italian peninsula . it is recorded from the appenines to calabria , at altitudes between 300 m and 1 , 160 m , but its exact distribution is poorly known ( hausser 1990 , 1999 , amori and aloise 2005 ) .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
the water shrew is a boreal species , also inhabiting relict habitat in southern mountains . it requires high quality water , preferably mountain streams , and abundant cover such as rocks , logs , or overhanging stream bank . suitable management consists primarily of maintaining these conditions . there are many areas ( e . g . , state and national parks ) in which habitat is adequately protected . the southern range of the water shrew may be shrinking through habitat fragmentation and local extirpation , but current information is inadequate to allow an evaluation of this hypothesis .
stewardship overview : the water shrew is a boreal species , also inhabiting relict habitat in southern mountains . it requires high quality water , preferably mountain streams , and abundant cover such as rocks , logs , or overhanging streambank . suitable management consists primarily of maintaining these conditions .
buchler , e . r . ( november 1976 ) .
the use of echolocation by the wandering shrew ( sorex vagrans )
. animal behaviour 24 ( 4 ) : 858–873 . doi : 10 . 1016 / s0003 - 3472 ( 76 ) 80016 - 4 .
although there is little information available on the biology of whittaker’s shrew , it is likely to be similar to be other crocidura species . crocidura shrews typically give birth to litters containing between one and ten young , which weigh just one gram each at birth . the young are hairless for their first week of life , and do not open their eyes until 13 days old , but are weaned after about 20 days and are sexually mature after just two to three months ( 5 ) . if shrew families have to move before the young are fully grown they do so by ‘caravanning’ ; the immature shrews form a line behind the mother , with each one holding onto the hind end of the one in front with its teeth . the grip between individuals in the chain is so strong that if the mother is lifted off the ground then all of the family are lifted up too ( 2 ) ( 5 ) .
the american water shrew tends to breed from december to september and females usually have a three week gestation period where offspring will be born in the spring and summer . they usually produce two to three litters during that time . these litters can contain anywhere from three to ten offspring .
this species occurs from yukon and northwest territory to quebec in canada ; southwards to north dakota , south dakota , minnesota , michigan , and wisconsin in the united states ( hutterer , in wilson and reeder 1993 ; kirkland and schmidt 1996 ) . the disjunct populations in nova scotia and new brunswick have now been elevated to species status ( s . maritimensis ) .
there is little information about the mating habits of the arctic shrew , however males of most shrew species mate with many females , and compete with other males for females , so the assumption is that arctic shrews behave similarly . in wisconsin , the breeding season lasts from february to august , and the breeding season is shorter in more northern areas , from april to august . arctic shrew females give birth to one or two litters each year , and these litters range in size from 4 to 10 offspring , with an average of 7 offspring per litter . the gestation period ranges between 13 and 21 days , so the young stay with their mother until 5 to 6 . 5 weeks after conception , and males make no contribution to parental care . when they are born , young arctic shrews are helpless . their mother and are cares for them until the end of the weaning period , 20 to 24 days after birth . both female and male arctic shrews reach sexual maturity after one year . as much as 50 percent of all juveniles die in the first month , but the average lifespan of an arctic shrew in the wild is around 18 months .
loss of alpine water courses due to water abstraction and hydroelectric power is also a threat , as is loss of habitat owing to intensification of winter tourism in the alps . human land use is a direct threat and climate change may be a future indirect threat as a result of range shifts in other species that may be direct competitors with s . alpinus when ranges overlap .
lukacova , l . , e . dannelid , j . hausser , m . macholan , j . zima . 1996 . g - banded karotype of the alpine shrew , sorex alpinus ( mammalia , soricidae ) , from the sumava mts . . folia zoologica , 45 : 223 - 226 .
type for sorex tundrensis merriam , 1900 catalog number : usnm 99286 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : unknown ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . osgood year collected : 1899 locality : saint michaels [ = michael ] , alaska , united states , north america
arctic shrews can be found in a variety of habitats , but populations are highest in moist grassy areas near lakes , bogs , swamps , and ditches . in the upper peninsula of michigan , arctic shrew populations are the densest in spruce and tamarack swamps , as well as near lakes and streams .
type for crocidura nicobarica miller , 1902 catalog number : usnm 111788 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skull ; remainder in fluid collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1901 locality : great nicobar island , nicobar islands , andaman and nicobar is , asia
occurs in a variety of habitats ( 2 ) , favouring dry ground , and has even adapted to living on the seashore and grassy sand dunes in the scilly isles ( 4 ) . like the greater white - toothed shrew , it often occurs close to man , living around outbuildings ( 3 ) .
management research needs : research is needed on geographic variation in habitat requirements . further research should be conducted on dispersion pattern and dispersal . research is needed on the effects of land and stream pollution on water shrew survival . the minimum population size needed to maintain genetic viability in a fragmented habitat should be investigated .
the nicobar shrew has been recorded from campbell bay national park ( possibly now extinct here ) and galathea national park in great nicobar islands ( chakraborty et al . 2004 ; molur et al . 2005 ) . additional studies are needed into the distribution , abundance , general ecology and threats to this little - known species .
type for sorex alpinus catalog number : usnm 112928 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : f . boettcher year collected : 1901 locality : mauseklippe , bodethal [ = bodetal ] , harz mountains , sachsen - anhalt , germany , europe elevation ( m ) : 630
is classified as
near threatened
on the iucn ' s red list of threatened species , however , more data are needed to determine broad population trends . major threats include the loss of alpine rivers and streams due to water extraction and hydroelectric power and increasing winter tourism in mountains of central europe . climate change may pose a significant threat in the near future as range shifts may increase interspecific competition for resources .
characteristic mammals of the ecoregion include : ornate shrew ( sorex ornatus ) , puma ( puma concolor ) , fringed myotis bat ( myotis thysanodes ) , california chipmunk ( tamias obscurus ) , bobcat ( lynx rufus ) , coyote ( canis latrans ) , san joaquin kit fox ( vulpes macrotis ) and bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis ) .
like all shrews , the arctic shrew has a voracious and insatiable appetite due to its quick metabolism . it eats insects , worms and small invertebrates , with a large proportion of its diet made up of larch sawflies , though arctic shrews in captivity have been fed dead voles fly pupae , and mealworms . the only known predators of arctic shrews are owls .
the lesser white - toothed shrew has a wide global distribution . it occurs in the palaearctic , extending from the atlantic coast of spain and probably portugal ( where its occurrence needs further confirmation ) extending eastwards through europe and asia to siberia . the southernmost edge of its distribution reaches sinai ( egypt ) , asia minor , israel , saudia arabia , iran and china .
stockley , p . , j . searle . 1994 . characteristics of the breeding season in the common shrew ( sorex araneus ) : male sexual maturation , morphology and mobility . pp . 181 - 188 in j merritt , g kirkland , r rose , eds . advances in the biology of shrews , special publication no . 18 . pittsburgh : carnegie museum of natural history .
hibernation a winter survival strategy characteristic of some mammals in which an animal ' s metabolic rate slows down and a state of deep sleep is attained . whilst hibernating , animals survive on stored reserves of fat that they have accumulated in summer . in insects , the correct term for hibernation is ' diapause ' , a temporary pause in development and growth . any stage of the lifecycle ( eggs , larvae , pupae or adults ) may enter diapause , which is typically associated with winter .
the water shrew is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) . it is partially protected in the uk under schedule 6 of the wildlife and countryside act , 1981 ( 3 ) . listed under schedule iii of the bern convention , and classified as a species of conservation concern under the uk biodiversity action plan , although not a priority species ( 7 ) .
the water shrew ( neomys fodiens ) is the largest of the british shrews ( 2 ) ; it has black upper parts and a whitish underside , between which there is a clear demarcation ( 4 ) . typically for most shrews , the snout is long and the eyes and ears are small ( 2 ) . the fur is short and dense , and there are often tufts of white around the eyes and on the ears ( 2 ) . stiff hairs border the feet and form a keel on the underside of the tail ( 2 ) , which aid in swimming ( 4 ) . this species is a ' red - toothed shrew ' ; iron is deposited in the enamel of the tooth - tips , making them more resistant to wear - and - tear , and giving them a red appearance ( 6 ) .
this shrew is the smallest of the ' white - toothed shrews ' ( 2 ) ; it lacks the deposition of iron in the tips of the teeth seen in red - toothed shrews ( 4 ) . the upper surface of the body is greyish or reddish brown in colour ; and the underside is paler ( 3 ) . the tail is covered in short bristly hairs ( 3 ) , and long whisker - like ( 2 ) white hairs ( 3 ) . although smaller and lighter , this species is very similar in appearance to the greater white - toothed shrew ( crocidura russula ) ( 2 ) , so much so that the only truly reliable method to distinguish between the two species is by examination of the teeth , and the relative sizes of the tail and hind feet ( measurements above ) ( 3 ) .
many shrews have such uniformly grayish coats that separate species cannot easily be distinguished , but both the summer and winter coats of the tundra shrew are highly distinctive . its summer pelage is tricolored , dark brown on the back , pale gray on the underparts , and brownish - gray or pale brown in between . its longer winter fur is brown on the back and grayish on the sides and underparts . the tundra shrew is common , though limited , in distribution in alaska and extreme northwestern canada , where it inhabits hillsides and other well - drained areas with dense vegetation . its food habits are not well known , but insects , earthworms , and parts of a small grass flower were found in the digestive tracts of some specimens . embryo counts in a small sample of pregnant females averaged 10 , which is high for shrews . links : mammal species of the world
the reddish - gray musk shrew ( crocidura cyanea ) is a species of mammal in the soricidae family . it is found in angola , botswana , democratic republic of the congo , lesotho , malawi , mozambique , namibia , nigeria , south africa , swaziland , tanzania , zambia , and zimbabwe . its natural habitats are temperate forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical high - altitude grassland , and caves .
of 1 / 1 5 / 1 1 / 1 3 / 3 with a total of 32 teeth . they swim well and make short dives in search of food . the shrew prefers aquatic insects such as ; stone flies and crane flies . they are known to also feed on small fish , vegetation , and snails . shrews require a lot of food and cannot go without food for anymore than three hours because of their high metabolic rate .
the breeding season can occur from april to august , but may be shorter in the north of the species ' range . arctic shrew females give birth to 1 or 2 litters each year . litters range from 4 to 10 offspring , with an average of 7 young per litter . shrews are pregnant for between 13 and 21 days . females nurse their young for 20 to 24 days . both female and male arctic shrews reach sexual maturity after one year .
the least dwarf shrew ( suncus infinitesimus ) is a species of mammal in the soricidae family . it is found in cameroon , central african republic , democratic republic of the congo , kenya , nigeria , south africa , swaziland , tanzania , and uganda . its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , temperate grassland , subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland , subtropical or tropical high - altitude grassland , and arable land .
management requirements : protection of habitat , especially water quality , is the primary management consideration . guidelines should be developed for activities with potentially adverse impacts such as logging . during timber harvest , buffer strips should be maintained along potential water shrew habitat ( christian , pers . comm . , 1994 ) . pesticide use that might impact aquatic / riparian invertebrate populations should be avoided whenever possible . in some cases it may be desirable to reintroduce shrews from nearby populations to restored habitat .
it is uncommon in the western part of its range , occurring at much lower densities than its congener c . russula ( libois et al . 1999 ) . further east it is more common . described as abundant and ubiquitous in at least parts of its global range ( harrison and bates 1991 ) . in the steppe forest zone in ukraine it is the most abundant shrew species , both in natural and agricultural habitats ( i . zagorodnyuk pers . comm . 2006 ) .
the alpine shrew is endemic to europe , where it has a disjunct range in the alps , the balkans , the carpathians , and a number of isolated mountains in germany , czech republic and poland ( spitzenberger 1999 , meinig 2004 ) . it previously occurred in the pyrenees , where it is thought to have gone extinct in the early 20th century , and in the harz ( spitzenberger 1999 ) . its vertical range is from 200 to 2 , 500 m ( spitzenberger 1999 ) .
, fungi and green vegetation ( wilson and ruff , 1999 ) . once in possession , the food is held by the fore feet and torn to pieces using the teeth through upward thrusting of the head ( sorenson , 1962 ) . water shrews can live without food for up to 3 hours , but captive shrews have been found to feed almost every 10 minutes ( nagorsen , 1996 ) . the amount of food required by a water shrew has been estimated to be 0 . 95 g / day .
in wisconsin , the breeding season is from february to august . the breeding season is shorter in more northern areas , from april to august . arctic shrew females give birth to 1 or 2 litters each year . litter sizes range from 4 to 10 offspring , with an average of 7 offspring per litter . the gestation period ranges between 13 and 21 days . the lactation period ranges between 20 and 24 days . the time from conception to weaning lasts between 5 and 6 . 5 weeks . both female and male arctic shrews reach sexual maturity after one year .
global range : ( > 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( greater than 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) boreal and montane regions of labrador , nova scotia , and new england across canada to east - central alaska ( cook et al . 1997 ) , south to the northern great lakes region and in the western mountains to mid - california , nevada , utah , and new mexico ; a small , disjunct population in arizona ' s white mountains has not been observed in recent years ( hoffmeister 1986 ) ; another apparently disjunct series of populations in the appalachians ranges from southwestern pennsylvania to north carolina , tennessee , and georgia ( laerm et al . 1995 , brimleyana 22 : 47 - 51 ) . hall ( 1981 ) mapped the ranges of the subspecies .
the alpine shrew is 6 to 7 . 7 centimetres ( 2 . 4 to 3 . 0 in ) in length , not including a tail as long as its body , and weighs between 5 . 5 and 11 . 5 g ( 0 . 2 and 0 . 4 oz ) . it is a uniform greyish - black on its dorsal ( upper ) surface and greyish - brown on its underparts . the tips of its teeth are reddish - brown and it has a long pointed snout , small black eyes and rounded pink ears . its legs and feet are white and the underside of its hairy tail is yellowish .
occupies a variety of habitats , but populations are highest in moist grassy areas near lakes , bogs , swamps , and ditches . specifically , in the upper peninsula of michigan , arctic shrew populations are the densest in spruce and tamarack swamps , as well as near lakes and streams . they are often found in clearings in boreal forests , as well as marshes . other occasional habitats include dry fields , old fields , mixed conifer swamps , dense grasses adjacent to ditches , mixed grasses , strawberries and ferns at forest clearings , alder thickets , and dry marsh with grasses , sedge hammocks , forbs , cattail , willow , and red - osier shrubs .
the arctic shrew is most distinctive in its tricolored fur . it is dark brown or black on its back from its head to the base of its tail , while its flanks are a lighter brown , and its underside is lighter still grayish brown . even its tail is bi - colored , dark brown on the dorsal side , and gradually fading to a lighter brown on the ventral side . the fur is grayer in winter time , and its tricolor is most marked during the winter months from october to june , for the fur is thicker and brighter . arctic shrews molt twice a year , and the tricolor bands in the fur are less prominent in younger shrews .
water shrews are almost invariably found near streams or other bodies of water , where they find food and also escape from predators . these shrews readily dive to stream bottoms , paddling furiously to keep from bobbing to the surface—their fur , full of trapped air , makes them buoyant . they feed on aquatic invertebrates , insect larvae , and even small fish . in the water they are susceptible to predation from larger fish and snakes . on land , water shrews have a more typical shrew diet , feeding on a variety of invertebrates , including earthworms , snails , and insects . they also eat fungi and green vegetation . links : mammal species of the world click here for the american society of mammalogists species account
of the approximately 30 mammalian species of mammals present , one of them ( an endemic bat ) lives only in pine - oak forests . the level of endemism is high , and this is well demonstrated by the proportion of endemic species with respect to total recorded species . more than ten percent of the mammalian species found at sierra de la laguna are endemic . one notable mammal found along the far west coast , including california and baja , is the ornate shrew ( sorex ornatus ) . there are several threatened mammals found in the sierra de la laguna pine - oak forests , including : the mexican long - tongued bat ( choeronycteris mexicana nt ) . the isolation of this region has contributed to the scarcity of predators , and to the poor competitive ability of some animals . rodents and lagomorphs are virtually absent from the region
arctic shrews are found in a variety of habitats in highest density of 3 to 5 individuals per acre and each individual arctic shrew appears to limit its range to one tenth of an acre . of their various habitats , they found in greatest quantity and density in areas near bodies of water , such as lakes , streams , marshes , wetlands , bogs , swamps , ditches or open areas near wetlands . in the upper peninsula of michigan , they are found densely in spruce and tamarack swamps , in addition to other typical habitats . arctic shrews have been found in clearings in boreal forests , and occasionally in mixed conifer swamps , dry or old fields , dense grasses near ditches , mixed grasses , in the undergrowth of forest clearings , alder thickets , and dry marsh with grasses , sedge hammocks , forbs , cattail , willow , and red - osier shrubs .
water shrews are relatively large shrews with males tending to be longer and heavier than females . the total length of a water shrew can range between 130 and 170 mm , and the weight ranges from 8 to 18 grams . although the color of the fur may be variable , it is generally black or grey - black on the back and a silvery - grey on the belly , but appears more black in the winter and becomes more brown in the summer . water shrews can have tails varying from 57 to 89 mm in length . the tail is dark above and white or grey below . the hind feet ( 18 to 21 mm ) are larger than the fore feet and have a trim of 1 mm long stiff hairs on the toes and the inner and outer sides of the feet . a fringe of smaller stiff hairs is also found on the fore feet .
arctic shrews are solitary animals . adults are territorial . in one laboratory study , whenever two arctic shrews were placed together in a cage , one was dead within several days , though there was no sign of injury to the dead shrew and the cause for this mortality is unclear , however the result of this forced interaction has been repeatedly observed . arctic shrews are active during day and night , though there are contradicting reports on levels and cycles of activity throughout the day . one claim is that they are least active during mid - morning , while other reports describe alternating periods of activity and rest , with an average of fourteen periods of activity daily . arctic shrews are very active and move quickly . periods of inactivity are spent lying on the ground , either on one side or with the ventral side down , body rolled up , and head tucked under the body . grooming consists of wiping the forefeet rapidly along the mouth .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : a relatively widespread species in north africa , with no major threats at the presente , hence is listed as least concern .
population size and trends are unknown . it is a very difficult species to find and to track in the field .
c . whitakeri seems to be dependent on dry and stony habitats , with sparse vegetation ( i . e . , steppe or subdeserts ) . it is also found in sandy coastal dunes . the species shelters among rocks and in rodent burrows .
no major threats are known . the main natural predator of this species is the barn owl . it can be affected by pesticides , which are used massively against locusts in the southern part of its range .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t41366a115519360 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
genus a category used in taxonomy , which is below ‘family’ and above ‘species’ . a genus tends to contain species that have characteristics in common . the genus forms the first part of a ‘binomial’ latin species name ; the second part is the specific name . invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , worms , and spiders . metabolism the total of all the chemical reactions that take place in an organism , in order to produce energy and the basic materials needed for important life processes . the speed at which an organism carries out these processes is called its metabolic rate .


deroplatys desiccata , known by the common names giant dead leaf mantis and ( less-frequently ) malaysian dead leaf mantis , is a species of praying mantis from southeast asia .

deroplatys desiccata

dead leaf mantis , dead leaf praying mantis ( deroplatys desiccata ) . threat display
dead leaf mantis ( deroplatys desiccata ) at bugworld in bristol zoo , bristol , england .
a dead - leaf mantis ( deroplatys desiccata ) on the hand of an assistant at the audubon insectarium in new orleans .
malaysian dead leaf mantis ( deroplatys lobata ) at the omaha henry doorly zoo .
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dead - leaf mantis ( deroplatys dessicata ) at the audubon insectarium in new orleans .
click the button below to add the dead - leaf mantid - deroplatys dessicata to your wish list .
the dead leaf mantis , or deroplatys desiccata , is a large mantis from malaysia that is camouflaged as a dead leaf . it looks amazing ! they are not very easy to keep and breed , but it is definately possible .
a malaysian dead leaf mantis ( deroplatys lobata ) at the omaha henry doorly zoo , omaha , nebraska .
deroplatys desiccata is not very aggressive to members of its species , but it is better not to house them together in one enclosure . sooner or later cannibalism will happen . until l4 ( fourth instar ) the nymphs can be kept together when fed constantly .
i have noticed that deroplatys do well when given large prey items more infrequently , rather than a myriad of small prey many times a week . ( frogparty )
waldbronn , germany . 1st feb , 2017 . insect breeder adrian kozakiewicz holds up a praying mantis ( deroplatys desiccata ) in waldbronn , germany , 1 february 2017 . kozakiewicz and his insects became popular on different social media networks , including 270 , 000 likes on facebook , 55 , 000 followers on instagram and hundreds of thousands of views on his youtube channel . photo : uli deck / dpa / alamy live news
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d scientific name : deroplatys dessicata origin : malaysia shipping restrictions : international wildlife export fees apply
they are slightly smaller than the deroplatys desiccata . males grow up to 5 cm long and females grow up to 9 cm long . males are very skinny in comparison to the females and they are very capable of flight so take care not to lose them . after the 2nd molt , 8 segments can be counted on the males abdomen while 6 on the females . and the females prothorax shield is more cryptic and wavy whereas the males’ are diamond - shaped .
this is my deroplatys desiccata dead leaf mantis . the enclosure is a simple bug net enclosure that can be purchased online , they don ' t cost much either . as always , i appreciate you taking the time to watch my content . don ' t forget to hit that like button if you enjoyed the video and subscribe so that you don ' t miss my future content . facebook urltoken twitter , snapchat & instagram @ tarantuladan merchandise urltoken fancy a game ? my xbl gt is tarantuladan take care of yourself and i ' ll see you in the next video .
i have been keeping deroplatys , or dead leaf mantids for years , and they are clearly one of the masters of disguise . they have camouflage down to a science . i love looking at the intricate leaf patterns on the adults wings . they mimic dead leaves perfectly , especially the females .
breeding dead leaf mantids is generally simple . i have had some casualties in the past , but i have come to learn that waiting 3 weeks instead of 2 before introducing the male and female greatly reduces the chance of cannibalism . all in all , i would recommend this species to anyone . they are just too cool to pass up . the pics below are of d . desiccata and d . lobata .
this cryptic mantis lives to mimic dead leaves hence the name . i consider them to be one of the most beautiful mantids out there . their coloring ranges from dark gray to light mottled gray . they also possess a broad prothorax that looks ripped and crumpled like a leaf . d . lobata shield looks different from d . desiccata , but still serves the same purpose . when threatened , they will unfurl their wings to display their bright colorings . but nymphs will freeze and throw themselves to the ground with all legs folded to look like a dead leaf .
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m . beier . 1935 . mantodea . fam . mantidae . subfam . orthoderinae - choeradodinae - deroplatynae . genera insectorum de p . wytsman 201 : 1 - 10
each tol leaf page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a leaf at the tip of the tree of life . the major distinction between a leaf and a branch of the tree of life is that a leaf cannot generally be further subdivided into subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .
for a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .
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this spinney looking fellow is camouflaged to mimic decaying , crumpled leaves . the colours range from a mottled brown , pale orangey brown through to an almost black . size depends on species and sex , but range from 75 - 85mm in size . females are substantially larger and heavier then males .
if you disturb them , they will gently rock as if they have been caught in the breeze . and if they feel threatened , they will throw them selves to the ground , lying motionless on the floor .
malaysia . all of these species can be found here as well as borneo , indonesia and sumatra . being hot countries , you should keep the temperature at about 25 - 30c with a humidity in the region of 70 - 80 % . this is slightly warmer and more humid than other species of mantids are normally kept .
ish ! ! ! these mantids may look fragile , but are a relatively hardy species . please be aware that if the humidity is not right , the mantis can have problems shedding . they can have difficulty in discarding the old skin and become tangled and crippled in the old one ( especially when young ) . to help prevent this from happening , spray the cage every few days with a fine mister .
the cage should have a reasonably sized floor area , covered in dead leaves . a thick branch or stem should be provided for him / her to hang off .
dead leaf mantids can be kept together . i never thought these could be keep together apart from very young , but i have been proven wrong . if ample food and space is provided then they live very happily together . even when they do become hungry they would prefer to hunt for live foods on the ground instead of attaching each other .
the adults ( both sexes ) can live together too . it ' s best i think , to pair a male up with two females , incase there are any fights between the males .
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the ideal temperature is about 26 ° c , but keeping them warmer is also good to about 35 ° c . do not keep them cooler than 22 ° c . at night you can allow the temperature to drop until 18 ° c . this species likes a slightly higher humidity , so it is important to spray water reguarly . a target humidity is about 50 to 80 % . keep the enclosure well ventilated . as with all species of praying mantis , the enclosure needs to be at least 3 times the length of the animal is height , and at least 2x the length of the animal in width . for an adult female this means the enclosure has to be at least 27 cm in height and 18 cm in width . a nice size for a terrarium would be 30 x 20 x 30 cm or bigger , so there is room for perches and decoration such as dead leaves .
when adult , the differences between males and females are not to be missed . the male is long and slender , while the female is broad and bulky . she has a huge shield on the prothorax , while the male has a small shield . for nymphs you can use the sexing method of counting the number of segments on the abdomen , as described here . approximately 2 to 4 weeks after both partners reach adulthood , a mating attempt can be made . make sure that the female has eaten a lot in the days before the mating attempt . the female can be quite aggressive to the male , so if you see excessive aggression you have to remove the male and try again later . try to minimize disturbance . mating can take several hours , when the male leaves the back of the female he must be removed from the enclosure to keep him alive .
the adult molt can be dangerous for the gigantic female if the container is too small or there are sticks in the way . ( orin )
deadleaf mantids are hearty feeders but rarely attack others of the same size . ( orin )
while dessicata will absolutely use vertical space in a terrarium , they can often be found mere inches above the substrate , resting face down on branches waiting for prey to come near . truly exceptional camouflage helps them to disappear amongst dead leaves and bark . ( frogparty )
cage furnishings , e . g . molting surfaces , perches , décor , plants , etc .
hatchlings are huge and take the large d . hydei or l1 schultesia readily . ( orin )
prey preference is extremely broad , and flying prey , crickets , roaches etc are all relished greatly . a good varied diet for this species could include dubia roaches , crickets , silkworms , large moths , waxworms . ( frogparty )
the females pronotum is about one and a half times longer than wide with downward pointed sides while the males is rounded . males are nearly as long as females but are less massive . sexual dimorphism is difficult to identify on hatchlings but blatant after a few molts . ( orin )
mating is the only real challenge with this species . the females seldom eat the males but the problem is males rarely show interest and hand mating is realistically impossible . the mating terrarium can include a 60 - watt incandescent light directly over one spot to increase temperature which may help the males become lively . ( orin )
each female normally produces three to five oothecae that are stocky and an inch wide by 3 / 4 to an inch long . females live up to a year following maturity and can be alive when their offspring mature but rarely form good oothecae after the first five months . oothecae contain around 30 - 40 . the gestation period varies greatly under similar conditions so don ' t give up on an ootheca until it has been at least two full months . ( orin )
photos : up to five may be posted at the bottom of the completed template . please limit these photos to no more than one of an ootheca , two of nymphs ( different instars ) , one of an adult female , and one of an adult male .
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the new mantis ultralight ( ul ) tents are 25 - 30 % lighter than the ever popular original mantis tents . the mantis ul 2 has doors and vestibles on both sides . both mo . . .
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a landmark in manhattan’s soho art district since 1993 and currently located in greenwich village , the evolution store is nyc’s premiere retail destination for science and natural history collectibles , artifacts , gifts , and home decor . our store offers a museum quality atmosphere creating a unique and intimate shopping experience .
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it’s best to keep these at around 24 - 30 c ( 75 - 86 f ) . a heat mat or heat lamp is may be used to maintain the desired temperature . keep the temperature cooler at night to lengthen the lifespan of the mantis . warmer temperature speeds up the metabolism of the mantis and will shorten its life span and in contrast , cooler temperature slows its metabolism and lengthens the life span , but both extremes could kill it . keep humidity at a constant 70 - 80 % .
their cage should be well ventilated with lots of twigs and leaves for the mantis to perch on . they don’t require much room as they are not active predators , but they do need room to molt . the suggested width and height is usually 3x the length of the mantis . this species is not as vicious as other species and even adults are able to live communally ( both tiny males and females ) , but nevertheless , if you have a small number of nymphs , they should be separated into separate containers after the first molt to remove all chances of cannibalism .
this species has no specific needs , but can be picky , so a varied diet is best . start out with fruit flies for nymphs and move to pinhead crickets for larger nymphs and crickets , mealworms , wax worms , and other larger insects for sub - adult and adults…although adults can be a bit more picky than nymphs . they especially love flying insects like moths . it’s recommended that the size of the feeder insect does not exceed 1 / 3 the mantis length . do not overfeed them , overfeeding will speed up their metabolism and can and will shorten their life span . feed them as much as it will eat in one day and do not feed it for another 2 days . as for watering , this type will get its fluid from its food , but it can sometimes be seen drinking off droplets from the side of the cage so misting the cage every once in a while is best .
select a suitable pair after 2 weeks since their last molt . it would be best to mate the mantids after 3 - 4 weeks instead . 2 weeks may be too soon and the female may not be mature enough to be bred . introduce the female into the males enclosure and leave them alone . this could take hours or days for the male to make his move…although a mature male should mount the female within a couple hours after introduction . or you could feed the female and during her feeding , put a male behind her and if he is ready , he will jump on her back…but this method could be a bit difficult due to the timid nature of the males . after a while of holding on , the male will bend his abdomen down to connect with hers and mating will commence . the male may remain on the female for up to 2 days ( even after copulation ) . afterwards , he will run away and he must be removed or else he might eaten .
about 3 - 4 weeks after mating , the female will make her first ootheca . this species can lay around 4 - 6 oothecae with a period of 4 - 6 weeks in between each ootheca . after 6 weeks of incubation at 30 c ( 86 f ) and 70 - 80 % humidity , as many as 100 large nymphs will hatch out from each ootheca . these can be fed fruit flies a day or two after hatching . then continue to care for them as this care sheet suggests .
i recieved a grapesized ootheca and after 1 week or so of incubation at high humidity , about 100 nymphs hatched out ! the nymphs were surprisingly large for the ootheca that they came out of . after a day or drying out , they started to eat large fruit flies . i think i’ll start to feed them house flies after their next molt , which should come after a week or so after hatching .
the nymphs have been a success . they’ve grown quite large since hatching and they are now subadults . the males have obviously grown faster than females so i must slow down their growth now . they are still living together and only one case of cannibalism have been observed , the rest are content to hang upsidedown with their cage mates . i will try to see if this is a communal species , if not , at least tolerant of each other .
it’s confirmed , this is a communal species . i’ve kept all the nymphs together up until l5 and everything went well . then i separated the males from the females and raised them separately . they are now subadults and one of the males is already a full adult . the females are not far behind !
after the females have matured , i introduced the males into the females’ tank . surprisingly , they are quite docile towards each other . the first mounting took place approximately 1 day after introduction . even after copulation , the male is still attached to the female for another 2 days .
the dead leaf mantis is a large and comparatively long lived mantis species originating from malaysia . they mimic dead leaves and prefer slightly warmer and more humid conditions than many other mantis species .
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i have had my praying mantis for three months now . she was a nymph when i got her but she recently had her last molt into adulthood and has beautiful wings . she just layed her eggsac . does anybody know how much longer she has to live once she has layed her eggs ? she still has quite an appetite .
once they deposit an ootheca , their time ' s very limited ( i . e . under four months ) .
the ooth is infertile as well , i think , unless you forgot to mention the presence of an introduced male .
she will probably lay more eggs . . . she may drop between 6 and eight ootheca before it ' s all over . it ' s no too late to find a male !
i captured a female praying mantis the other week , and have been keeping her . she has ate a lot and before she laid , what i guess is eggs , she was very agressive . spreading wings , and attacking every move i made ! ! it was unreal ! the next morning , there was this brown , hard , gooey cocoon looking thing stuck on the side of the cage ( wire ) . it is about the size of a quarter i guess .
is that her eggs ? since i got her from the wild , is it fertile ? if it is , when will they hatch , what do they look like , etc . ? ? i have no idea how to take care of baby mantis ? ! and she has eaten like 5 crickets a night ? !
sounds like eggs to me . they will hatch in a few weeks if kept warm . if you aren ' t ready for them to hatch , you can put it in the refrigerator until you are .
separate them and feed small pinhead crix and / or fruit flies . giv them plenty of ventilation . mist them some too . you don ' t need any substrate but you will want to have a stick , artificial plant leaf etc for them to climb on . i have kept mantids nearly every summer since 1979 . the babys are kinda delicate so expect a few of them to die off .
i got a real good book while back from swift inverts . it ' s called mantids : keeping aliens . it is only $ 10 and has much useful info .
look for the threads carolina mantid and chinese mantid appreciation thread . i posted some mantid pics there .
hey everyone . i just recently ordered a pretty good book on mantids , but withe the recent passing of my mantis friend , i have found myself in need of more immediate answers .
mantids will lay ootheca wether they ' ve mated or not . they won ' t be fertile if they haven ' t mated ( unless it ' s b . borealis ) . i don ' t think it effects their lifespan either way .
most species will lay more than one before death , but there may be exceptions . if it was an adult when collected , it may have already laid several before you found it .
i don ' t know of any way to check the fertility , but if the female was adult when captured there ' s a good chance any oothec would be fertile .
thank you so much ! i also received some good advice from the folks at insectadventures . com , so i think i ' m as prepared as possible for whatever may happen with these ootheca .
i am so sorry to ressurect this thread , but i was just curious . i understand that egg sacs of any kind affect the lifespan of the female mantid . however , let ' s just say - in general - what is the lifespan of a male and female mantid ? ! ! ! ! i just want a rounded number if possible . thanks all .
it has everything to do with what species you have ! i am assuming you have a locally caught species ( e . g .
) , if it is any of these , the females will live an average of 3 more months ( in captivity ) plus or minus a month . the males will live an average of one more month ( in captivity ) plus or minus 3 weeks .
seems like this thread is very old so i hope someone still responds . . . i have a preying mantis whom i found with a broken leg , i ' ve had her for over a month now , she has laid an ootheca , after which she continued to eat crickets then , she stopped eating altogether - for about a week , i thought she would die , she seemed very weak . . . . until , today . . . . she ate a moth i offered her . . .
oh - i believe she ' s the chinese variety , small brownish green . . .
seems like this thread is very old so i hope someone still responds . . . i have a preying mantis whom i found with a broken leg , i ' ve had her for over a month now , she has laid an ootheca , after which she continued to eat crickets then , she stopped eating altogether - for about a week , i thought she would die , she seemed very weak . . . . until , today . . . . she ate a moth i offered her . . . any idea what ' s going on with her . . . much appreciated ! oh - i believe she ' s the chinese variety , small brownish green . . .
mantids slow right down towards the end . eventually she ' ll just stop eating . they become clumsy and uncoordinated and lose their ability to grip . they lie down on the floor and die .
it sucks that praying mantises ' lives are so short . they would make such great companions if they lived 10 years !
mantids slow right down towards the end . eventually she ' ll just stop eating . they become clumsy and uncoordinated and lose their ability to grip . they lie down on the floor and die . it ' s bloody horrible .
it ' s
bloody horrible
but completely true like basin79 said . at this time of year they are all pretty much doomed no matter what .
before arachnids i specialized in mantids and mid spring to late october is pretty much the standard life for mantids ( meaning the dawn of warmth to the first sign of frost ) . there ' s a decent chance that the ootheca is fertile but unfortunately your mantis has reached the end of its life . the best thing you can do now is try to keep the mother as comfortably as possible til she meets her end and then put the ootheca outside in a safe place so it can
weather
until next spring where you can then watch them hatch and then collect a specimen or two to rear .
i have a wild praying mantis that hangs around my front and back porch . . . it looks like a juvenile to me , looks pretty healthy to me . . . if i wanted to make it offerings what would i give it .
why do praying mantis die after laying their eggs . . . what does not allow them to live for more han one year ?
that ' s simply how their life cycle works . it ' s extremely common , and not just among insects . many animals and plants die after reproducing .
biologists have spent years trying to figure out the exact reason so many creatures do this , and have come up with any number of theories . sometimes the breeding process is simply too destructive to their bodies to live very long afterwards . in other cases it seems that limited resources means that for the offspring to thrive , their parents have to ' get out of the way ' so to speak .
with many small animals though , their odds of long term survival simply aren ' t good enough to build a body that can last very long . all evolution cares about is how many offspring you can produce , and if your time is limited due to predation or approaching winter then evolution will select for the individuals that produce the most eggs in the shortest amount of time , and will do so at the cost of everything else .
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very cool ! i collected a malaysian leaf katydid when i went to borneo , but was unable to keep it .
oh fantastic ! borneo is a part of the world i have yet to visit but its on my list for sure .