epiphthora melanombra is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1888 .

it is found in new zealand .

the wingspan is 10 – 11 mm .

the forewings are whitish densely irrorated with black , appearing grey .

there is a suffused blackish spot in the disc before the middle , another on the anal angle , and a third less apparent towards the apex .

the hindwings are grey .

the larvae mine blotches in the leaves of olearia avicenniaefolia .

epiphthora melanombra

epiphthora acrocola turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 136
epiphthora hyperaenicta turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 137
epiphthora delochorda lower , 1918 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 42 : 237 ; tl : pinnaroo , south ausralia
epiphthora poliopasta turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 110 ; tl : queensland , maroochydore near caloundra
epiphthora acropasta turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 110 ; tl : queensland , stradbroke i .
epiphthora leptoconia turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 110 ; tl : new south wales , mt kosciusko
epiphthora microtima meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 267 ; tl : brisbane , queensland
epiphthora cryolopha meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 265 ; tl : cooktown , queensland
epiphthora thyellias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 262 ; tl : melbourne , victoria
epiphthora niphaula meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 263 ; tl : launceston , tasmania
epiphthora autoleuca meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 264 ; tl : gisborne , victoria
epiphthora megalornis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 261 ; tl : perth , west australia
epiphthora belonodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 261 ; tl : geraldton , west australia
epiphthora coniombra meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 267 ; tl : bathurst , new south wales
epiphthora drosias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 262 ; tl : port lincoln , south ausralia
epiphthora isonira meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 264 ; tl : blackheath , new south wales
epiphthora achnias meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 266 ; tl : picton , new south wales
epiphthora phantasta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 255 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
epiphthora lemurella meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 262 ; tl : blackheath , new south wales
epiphthora psychrodes meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 263 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
epiphthora harpastis meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 267 ; tl : perth and albany , west australia
epiphthora leucomichla meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 265 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; deloraine , tasmania
epiphthora spectrella meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 266 ; tl : lilydale , victoria ; deloraine , tasmania ; adelaide , south australia
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urltoken
[ read before the philosophical institute of canterbury , 6 th october , 1887 . ]
head smooth ; ocelli present ; tongue well - developed . antennæ ⅘ , in male serrate , simple , basal joint elongate , with strong pecten . labial palpi moderate , arched , ascending , second joint with appressed scales , slightly rough beneath , dilated towards apex , terminal joint short , half as long as second , slightly thickened with scales , pointed , not acute . maxillary palpi obsolete . posterior tibiæ clothed with long hairs above and beneath . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 from ⅔ of cell , 4–7 approximated from narrow end of cell , 7 to costa , 8 absent ( coincident with 7 ) , 11 from about middle of cell . hindwings ¾ , elongate - oblong , narrow , hindmargin rectangularly emarginate beneath very strongly produced apex , cilia 4 ; veins 2–4 moderately remote , transverse vein absent , 5 and 6 absent , 7 to apex , 8 short , consisting almost wholly of a furcation towards base , of which the lower fork runs into 7 .
male , female . —10–11 mm . head , palpi , antennæ , thorax , abdomen and legs whitish , densely irrorated with black , appearing grey . forewings elongate , pointed , apex subcaudate ; whitish densely irrorated with black , appearing grey ; a suffused blackish spot in disc before middle , another on anal angle , and a third less apparent towards apex : cilia grey , round apex whitish irrorated with black . hindwings and cilia grey .
christchurch ; bred commonly by mr . r . w . fereday , in december , from larvæ mining blotches in the leaves of olearia avicenniœfolia ( an evergreen shrub belonging to the compositœ ) in november . i am indebted to his kindness for specimens .
head loosely haired ; no ocelli ; tongue well - developed . antennæ ⅚ , in male filiform , simple , basal joint moderately elongate , without pecten . labial palpi long , recurved , second joint thickened with appressed scales , terminal joint as long as second , slender , acute . maxillary palpi short , drooping . abdomen tolerably flattened , in male strongly margined . posterior
tibiæ clothed with long hairs above . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 from ⅘ of cell , 7 and 8 stalked , 7 to costa , 11 from middle of cell . hindwings as broad as forewings , trapezoidalovate , apex and hindmargin rounded , cilia ⅔ ; veins 3 and 4 from a point , 6 and 7 tolerably parallel .
male , female . —16–18 mm . head yellow - ochreous , crown mixed with dark fuscous . palpi yellow - ochreous , terminal joint and a subapical band of second dark fuscous . antennæ dark fuscous , in female annulated with whitish - ochreous . thorax in male dark fuscous , in female yellow - ochreous , with shoulders and a dorsal streak dark fuscous . abdomen grey . legs dark fuscous , ringed with whitish - ochreous . forewings elongate , rather narrow , costa gently arched , apex obtuse , hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; rather dark fuscous , strewn with yellow - ochreous scales , in female suffused with yellow - ochreous towards inner margin ; a longitudinal yellow - ochreous streak in disc from ¼ to ¾ , in female extended to base ; a cloudy dark fuscous dot on this streak at ⅓ , a second beyond middle , and a third on fold obliquely beyond first ; a yellow - ochreous transverse line , in male ill - defined , from ⅘ of costa to anal angle , sharply angulated in middle , indented beneath costa ; an irregular yellow - ochreous hindmarginal line : cilia pale yellow - ochreous , with a rather dark fuscous basal line , in male also with a fuscous median line . hindwings and cilia grey .
whangarei and nelson , in december and january ; two specimens , amongst forest . the differences indicated between these two specimens may be either sexual or merely individual .
antennæ in male with long fine ciliations ( 3 ) , basal joint with pecten . palpi long , second joint exceeding base of antennæ , smoothly scaled , terminal joint shorter than second , slender . thorax smooth . forewings with vein 2 from very near angle of cell , 7 to hindmargin . hindwings almost as broad as forewings , elongate - ovate , cilia ⅗ ; neuration normal .
at present represented by about twenty australian and one european species ; the following species seems truly referable here , and is presumably a straggler .
male . —22–25 mm . head , palpi , antennæ , thorax , and abdomen pale whitish - ochreous , sometimes brownish - tinged . legs fuscous , posterior pair whitish - ochreous . forewings elongate ,
costa moderately arched , slightly sinuate in middle , apex round - pointed , hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; whitish - ochreous , sometimes with scattered fuscous scales , especially on costal half anteriorly ; sometimes a dark fuscous suffusion towards base of costa ; two fuscous dots , somewhat obliquely placed , faintly indicated in disc before middle ; a conspicuous round dark fuscous dot in disk beyond middle ; sometimes a posterior transverse line indicated with dark fuscous scales , angulated in middle , indented above middle : cilia whitish - ochreous . hindwings whitish - ochreous , greyish - tinged , more or less suffused with light fuscous - grey , except towards base ; cilia pale whitish - ochreous .
arthur ' s pass ( 4 , 700 feet ) , and mount arthur ( 4 , 000 feet ) , in january ; three specimens . probably nearer the tasmanian p . cataxera than any other described species .
differs from s . peroneanella only as follows : usually larger ; thorax with the two dorsal black marks united in front to form an irregular bar ; forewings with the black postmedian discal mark connected with the mark beneath middle of disc by a bar , and not touching costal spot above it ( in s . peroneanella it is connected with spot above it , and not with mark beneath middle of disc ) ; hindwings more whitish , the grey colour forming a discal spot and subterminal band ( in s . peroneanella the grey is generally diffused posteriorly ) .
in my description of s . peroneanella this is included as a geographical ( south island ) form of that species ; as i now prefer to separate it as a distinct species , the said description should be corrected accordingly . the synonymy is correct as quoted .
s . peroneanella occurs at auckland , hamilton , napier , and wellington ; s . mystis at nelson , christchurch , and dunedin ; both in december and january . i have seen a fair number of specimens , and the two forms appear constant .
male , female . —21–26 mm . head whitish , lower margin of face and maxillary palpi dark fuscous . palpi white , second joint with lower half and a subapical ring fuscous , terminal joint with a blackish median band . antennæ dark fuscous . thorax whitish , with a few fuscous scales . abdomen grey - whitish . legs dark fuscous , posterior pair whitish . forewings elongate , costa slightly arched , apex obtuse , hindmargin nearly straight , rather oblique ; white , irregularly irrorated with light greyish - fuscous ; a small fuscous spot at base of costa , and a dot near base in middle ; a slender dark fuscous streak from ¼ of costa to disc
before middle , its extremity furcate ; a small fuscous spot beneath costa near beyond this ; a fuscous - grey suffused patch towards middle third of inner margin , and a similar roundish patch above anal angle ; an angulated dark fuscous mark in disc beyond middle ; a short oblique irregular cloudy fuscous streak from apex ; a hindmarginal row of cloudy fuscous dots : cilia whitish , irrorated with light greyish - fuscous . hindwings grey - whitish , faintly ochreous - tinged ; a faint darker discal dot ; a slight greyish suffusion towards apex ; cilia grey - whitish .
wellington ; three specimens received from messrs . a . purdie and g . v . hudson .
wellington ; several specimens taken by mr . g . v . hudson , to whose kindness i am indebted for a type .
male . —19–23 mm . head , palpi , and thorax light ochreous - yellow ; terminal joint of palpi white , anterior edge blackish . antennæ dark fuscous , annulated with white . abdomen whitish - ochreous . legs rather dark fuscous , posterior tibiæ whitish - ochreous . forewings elongate , posteriorly dilated , costa moderately arched , apex acute , produced , hindmargin concave , very oblique ; light ochreous - yellow ; a light fuscous dot in disc at ⅓ , a second somewhat larger beyond middle , and a third obliquely beyond first on fold ; a narrow suffused light fuscous hindmarginal fascia , darkest posteriorly , becoming obsolete towards apex : cilia pale ochreous - yellow , beneath anal angle
light fuscous . hindwings ochreous - whitish , towards apex tinged with pale fuscous ; cilia ochreous - whitish , round apex fuscous - tinged .
male , female . —12–14 mm . head , palpi , and thorax dark fuscous mixed with pale whitish - ochreous , face whitish - ochreous . antennæ dark fuscous , obscurely spotted with ochreous - whitish . abdomen dark fuscous , segmental margins sharply whitish . legs dark fuscous , ringed with whitish . forewings elongate , costa slightly arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin sinuate , oblique ; rather dark fuscous , with greenish reflections , irregularly irrorated with ochreous - whitish , and with some scattered yellowish scales ; a small round dark fuscous spot in disc before middle , and a second on fold obliquely beyond it , sometimes confluent , both sometimes margined posteriorly with whitish ; a whitish dot on costa before middle ; a subtriangular dark fuscous spot , mixed with yellowish and margined with blackish , in disc beyond middle , connected with costa by a dark fuscous suffusion ; an irregular whitish line from ¾ of costa to anal angle , slightly bent above middle , preceded on inner margin by a small blackish spot : cilia grey - whitish , beneath anal angle grey , with a grey post - median line , basal third ochreous - yellowish margined by a black line and tending to be spotted with blackish . hindwings dark fuscous , lighter on basal half , with an indistinct darker discal spot ; cilia fuscous - grey , with a blackish basal line .
female . —17 mm . head and thorax whitish - ochreous . palpi whitish - ochreous , externally with a few dark fuscous scales . antennæ whitish - ochreous , spotted with fuscous . abdomen grey - whitish . legs whitish - ochreous , anterior pair suffused with dark fuscous . forewings elongate , not dilated , costa gently arched , apex pointed , hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; whitish - ochreous ; a brownish - ochreous streak , its lower margin irregularly mixed with blackish - fuscous , along fold from a base to anal angle ; a dark fuscous dot in disc before middle , a second at ⅔ , and a third on submedian streak obliquely before first ; an irregular line of dark fuscous scales from ¾ of costa to anal angle , sharply angulated in middle , indented above middle : cilia whitish - ochreous . hindwings and cilia ochreous - grey - whitish .
wellington ; a specimen received from mr . g . v . hudson , who has taken others . probably nearest to œ . griseata .
mount arthur ( 4 , 500 feet ) , in january ; abundant on the flowers of aciphylla , within a limited locality .
head smooth ; ocelli present ; tongue well - developed . antennæ ⅘ , in male biciliated with fascicles ( 2–3 ) , basal joint moderate , without pecten . labial palpi moderately long , recurved , second joint exceeding base of antennæ , thickened with appressed scales , terminal joint somewhat shorter than second , acute . maxillary palpi rudimentary . posterior tibiæ roughly haired above and beneath on basal half . forewings with vein 1 long - furcate , 2 from about ¾ , 3–5 approximated at base , 7 and 8 stalked , 7 to about apex . hindwings broader than forewings , oblong - ovate , cilia ⅕–½ ; veins 3 and 4 from a point , 6 and 7 tolerably parallel , 1b pectinated .
the position of this genus ( referred here by zeller ) must be regarded at present as doubtful ; it appears to be a synthetic or undeveloped type , certainly having affinities with this family , but perhaps rather to be considered as an early unspecialised form of the gelechiadœ . besides the two following , there is only one peruvian species known .
hel . illita , feld . ( atychia illita , feld . , p1 . oxl , 32 . )
var . a . thorax and forewings almost wholly suffused with bright ferruginous , all markings absent .
nelson and dunedin , in january ; flies actively in the sunshine over the tops of high leptospermum bushes ; seems local , but common where it occurs .
( tachyptilia atychioides , butl . , proc . zool . soc . lond . , 1877 , 405 , pl . xliii . , 14 . )
female ) , rarely with very obscure cloudy fuscous - whitish longitudinal streaks on basal half above and below median vein ; cilia light fuscous or whitish , rarely clear white , with dark fuscous basal line .
whangarei , hamilton , wellington , and christchurch ; common in december and january , frequenting . leptospermum , principally on coast sandhills .
the three additional mountain species here given are superficially very similar , but are easily separated by comparison of the markings of hindwings , and the metallic markings of forewings . i have an underscribed tasmanian species , which also approaches them nearly .
mount arthur ( 3 , 900 feet ) , arthur ' s pass ( 3 , 000 feet ) , and castle hill ( 3 , 000 feet ) , in january ; common amongst rank herbage .
lake wakatipu ( 2 , 200 feet ) , in december ; one specimen .
arthur ' s pass ( 3 , 000 to 3 , 500 feet ) , in january ; rather common .
whangarei , in december ; seven specimens , amongst forest ; a very handsome species .
male , female . —10–11 mm . head and thorax deep greyish - bronze , thorax with a small posterior white spot . palpi white , second joint with four black bands , terminal joint black in front . antennæ and abdomen dark fuscous . legs dark fuscous , ringed with whitish . forewings elongate , costa gently arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin sinuate , oblique ; rather deep greyish - bronze , posterior half mixed with light bronzy - ochreous ; an ochreous - white oblique streak from costa at ⅓ , broadest in middle , apex acute , reaching half across wing ; a slender white slightly curved fascia from middle of costa to inner margin beyond middle , sometimes indistinct in disc , forming a small spot on inner margin ; a silvery - blue - metallic slightly curved
slender fascia from ⅔ , of costa to ¾ , of inner margin , becoming white at extremities ; three short silvery - blue - metallic streaks from costa between this and apex , forming white dots on costa , last margining a round black apical spot ; a subtriangular black anal patch , containing four round violet - golden - metallic spots : cilia grey , with a blackish line near base , interrupted by a triangular white indentation above middle . hindwings dark grey ; cilia grey .
mount arthur ( 4 , 000 feet ) , in january ; two specimens .
male , female . —8–11 mm . head and thorax dark bronzy - grey . palpi white , with four black bands , apex black in front . antennæ and abdomen dark fuscous . legs dark fuscous , ringed with whitish . forewings elongate , costa gently arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin sinuate , oblique ; rather dark bronzy - fuscous or bronzy - grey , more or less densely irrorated with ochreous - whitish ; in pale specimens a small dark spot in disc towards base , and a fine angulated dark transverse line about ⅔ , beyond which is a whitish dot on inner margin ; about eight short wedge - shaped ochreous - whitish strigulæ from costa between ⅓ , and apex , first four often very obscure , fifth giving rise to a slender angulated pale golden - metallic fascia , which forms a very small whitish spot on inner margin , last three more distinct ,
becoming pale golden - metallic at apex ; a pale golden - metallic dot on hindmargin above middle ; a small round dark fuscous apical spot : cilia with basal half bronzy - grey limited by a strong black line triangularly indented above middle , terminal half white , tips grey , with a black apical hook . hindwings rather dark fuscous - grey ; cilia fuscous - grey .
christchurch , in february and march ; common on grassy volcanic hills . allied to g . acrothecta , but broader - winged , and differing in numerous details .
male , female . —15–20 mm . head , palpi , antennæ , thorax , abdomen , and legs whitish - ochreous ; second joint of palpi with indications of fuscous bands ; anterior legs infuscated . fore - wings elongate , narrow , costa gently arched , apex in male round - pointed , in female very acute , hindmargin extremely obliquely rounded ; whitish - ochreous ; a few dark fuscous scales tending to form lines on veins : cilia whitish - ochreous . hind - wings pale whitish - grey , ochreous - tinged ; cilia whitish - ochreous .
mount arthur ( 4 , 600 feet ) , in january ; six specimens .
head smooth ; ocelli present ; tongue short . antennæ ¾ , in male filiform , shortly ciliated ( ½ ) , basal joint moderate , simple . labial palpi moderate , curved , porrected or subascending , loosely rough - scaled beneath throughout , terminal joint shorter than second , pointed . maxillary palpi obsolete . abdomen elongate . posterior tibiæ with appressed scales . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 from near angle , 7 and 8 separate , 7 to hindmargin , 11 from before middle , secondary cell well - defined , hindwings ¾ , lanceolate , cilia 1 ½ ; veins 3 and 4 from a point , 6 and 7 rather approximated towards base .
male , female . —11–15 mm . head , thorax , and abdomen pale whitish - ochreous . palpi whitish . antennæ grey . legs fuscous , posterior pair suffused with ochreous - whitish . forewings elongate - lanceolate , apex in female acuminate ; ochreous - whitish ; a moderate straight bronzy subcostal stripe from base to apex ; a cloudy ochreous streak along submedian fold , more or less obsolete posteriorly : cilia ochreous - whitish . hindwings in male grey , in female grey - whitish ; cilia ochreous - whitish .
male , female . —10–12 mm . head and thorax dark bronzy - fuscous . palpi dark fuscous , towards base whitish . antennæ and abdomen dark fuscous . legs dark grey , apex of joints obscurely whitish . forewings lanceolate ; rather dark greyish - bronze : cilia light grey , costal cilia white . hindwings grey ; cilia light grey , on costa grey - whitish .
arthur ' s pass ( 3 , 000 to 4 , 000 feet ) , in january ; five specimens .
head smooth ; ocelli present ; tongue short . antennæ almost 1 , in male serrulate , shortly ciliated ( ⅔ ) , basal joint moderate , simple . labial palpi moderate , filiform , curved , rather drooping , terminal joint as long as second , acute . maxillary palpi absolete . abdomen elongate . posterior tibiæ with appressed scales . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 almost from angle , 7 and 8 stalked , 7 to hindmargin , 11 from before middle . hindwings ⅔ , lanceolate , cilia 1 ½ , ; veins 3 and 4 in male separate at origin , in female from a point , 6 and 7 tolerably parallel .
in one specimen examined vein 5 of the hindwings was absent , but this would appear to be an accidental deformity .
male , female . —11–14 mm . head and thorax dark bronzy - fuscous , collar paler . palpi bronzy - fuscous , lighter towards base . antennæ , abdomen , and legs dark fuscous . forewings elongate - lanceolate ; deep bronze , more or less irrorated with light bronzy - ochreous : cilia bronzy . hindwings and cilia dark fuscous .
makatoku ( hawke ' s bay ) , in march ; common , frequenting rushes ( juncus ) on the skirts of the forest .
head smooth ; ocelli present ; tongue well - developed . antennæ 1 , in male pubescent - ciliated ( ½ ) , joints closely set , basal joint elongate , without pecten . labial palpi very long , smooth , recurved , second joint somewhat thickened , terminal joint longer than second , slender , acute . maxillary palpi very short , appressed to tongue . posterior tibiæ somewhat rough - haired above on basal half . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 from near angle , 7 and 8 stalked , 7 to costa , 11 from middle . hindwings 1 , elongate - oblong , apex and hindmargin rounded , cilia almost 1 ; veins 3 and 4 from a point , 6 and 7 parallel .
comps . bifaciella , walk . ( gelechia bifaciella , walk . , 657 . )
whangarei , auckland , and wellington , in december and january ; common amongst forest .
the four additional species here recorded are exceedingly interesting , and the two species of palæomicra extremely handsome . all are most difficult to see on the wing , in fact almost invisible ; much more difficult than the european species of micropteryx .
in the two following species the tongue is well - developed , and vein 6 of the forewings is separate ; in all other respects the structure is identical with that of m . paracosma . the antennæ in all the species are clothed with loose hair - scales , arranged in whorls at the joints ; the spurs of the middle tibæ are well - developed .
male , female . —11–12 mm . head white . palpi dark fuscous , apex broadly white . antennæ whitish - ochreous , annulated with fuscous . thorax white . patagia dark fuscous . abdomen dark fuscous . legs dark fuscous , apex of joints ochreous - whitish . forewings lanceolate ; white , more or less partially suffused with pale whitish - yellowish ; a dark fuscous blotch occupying costal half of wing from base to ¾ , its posterior edge inwardly oblique ; a dark fuscous streak along inner margin from base , gradually narrowed , terminating in an outwardly oblique triangular dark fuscous spot , the apex of which touches lower posterior angle of
costal blotch ; apical third of wing pale brownish - ochreous , mixed with dark fuscous and a few white scales : cilia brownish - ochreous , with small white apical and median spots , above apex and towards anal angle dark fuscous . hindwings dark purple - fuscous ; cilia rather dark fuscous .
nelson ( 1 , 500 to 3 , 500 feet ) , in january , amongst forest ; four specimens .
in p . doroxena veins 7 and 8 of both wings are separate ; the point is probably not of much importance in this group , as it only implies a small shifting of one of the variable transverse bars , and the generic definition should be widened to include this case . the genus remains distinct from micropteryxa by the presence of the additional branch of vein 11 of forewings .
male , female . - 7–8 mm . head ferruginous or pale ochreous . palpi whitish - ochreous . antennæ pale ochreous , with three more or less perceptible blackish bands . thorax whitish - yellowish . abdomen dark grey . anterior and middle legs whitish - ochreous , apex of joints black ; posterior legs dark grey , apex of joints whitish - ochreous . forewings oblong , costa abruptly bent near base , thence gently arched , apex acute , hind - margin straight , very oblique ; neuration quite as in p . chalco - phanes ; dark fuscous - purple , with bronzy reflections ; extreme base whitish - yellowish ; a moderately broad straight whitish - yellowish fascia before middle , generally narrowest above ; a
whitish - yellowish dot or small spot on costa about ¾ , variable in size , sometimes absent : cilia dark grey , with a rather large pale whitish - yellowish apical spot . hindwings dark purple - grey ; cilia dark grey .
auckland ( waitakere ranges ) , in december ; common in a very restricted locality amongst sedge in the kauri forest .
auckland ( waitakere ranges ) , in december ; one specimen amongst the kauri forest . this species is very interesting from the strong tendency of the markings to approach those of glyphipteryx .
this genus differs from the others of the family by the stalking of veins 6 and 7 of the forewings ; it is hitherto recorded only from australia , where there are several species .
female . —12 mm . head white , crown ochreous - tinged . palpi white , beneath with some black scales . antennæ white , with a black scale - streak at base . thorax ochreous - white , with a lateral brownish - ochreous stripe . abdomen grey . anterior legs blackish ; middle and posterior legs ochreous - white . forewings elongate - lanceolate ; greyish - ochreous , suffused with
rather dark fuscous towards inner margin ; markings white , faintly ochreous - tinged ; a very fine longitudinal median line from base to ⅔ , seven wedge - shaped strigulæ from costa , first two very oblique , reaching half across wing , first connected with base by a slender costal streak , five latter shorter and less oblique ; a subtriangular spot on inner margin at ⅓ , and a sub - oval one at ⅔ , a small black apical spot : cilia light greyish - ochreous , with a blackish - grey median line on upper half , some white scales at base towards middle of hindmargin , and two diverging blackish hooks at apex . hindwings and cilia light grey ; costal cilia whitish .
whangarei , in december ; one specimen . superficially this species has considerable resemblance with the australian como - dica tetracercella , especially in the possession of the double apical hook in the cilia .
male , female . –only differs from e . charadroa in having the face and forehead wholly blackish .
whangarei and auckland , in december ; two specimens . i think this is truly distinct from e . charadrota ; i have taken a considerable number of the latter species at auckland , tara - naki , wellington , and christchurch , from december to february , without finding any which vary in the direction of e . melanotricha .
head densely rough - haired ( rarely face smooth ) . antennæ with joints closely set , transverse . maxillary palpi generally well - developed . forewings with vein 11 from or before middle of cell . hindwings with veins 3 and 4 separate .
represented in new zealand by a few casual species , several of which are introduced .
head densely rough - haired ; ocelli present ; tongue obsolete . antennæ ⅚ , in male simple , joints closely set , basal joint moderate , with pecten . labial palpi moderate , slender , some what arched , porrected , second joint with appressed scales , slightly rough beneath , with a few long bristles , terminal joint rather shorter than second , tolerably pointed . maxillary palpi long , curved , drooping , filiform . posterior tibæ clothed with long fine hairs . forewings with vein 1 simple , 2 from angle , 4 absent , 7 to costa , 11 from ⅓ . hindwings ⅔–¾ , narrow - lanceolate , cilia 2–3 ; veins 5 and 6 sometimes stalked , 7 more or less approximated to 6 at base .
female . —13–14 mm . head and antennæ whitish - ochreous . palpi blackish . thorax whitish - ochreous , anterior margin narrowly black . abdomen light grey . legs black , ringed with whitish - ochreous , posterior pair whitish - ochreous . forewings elongate - lanceolate ; whitish - ochreous ; a small elongate black spot on costa towards base , continued as a costal line to base ; a smaller narrow black spot on costa before middle , beneath which are some irregular fuscous - reddish scales ; a black dot on costa at ⅔ , beneath which is a small fuscous - reddish spot ; apical fourth of wing suffused with reddish - fuscous ; some black scales at apex : cilia ochreous - grey - whitish , with a cloudy blackish median line , becoming obsolete on lower half of hindmargin . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 stalked ; light grey ; cilia ochreous - grey - whitish .
whangarei , palmerston , and christchurch , from december to march ; eight specimens .
male , female . - 10–14 mm . head ochreous - whitish . palpi blackish , apex white . antennæ fuscous . thorax whitish - ochreous , anterior margin blackish . abdomen whitish - ochreous . legs dark fuscous ringed with ochreous - whitish , posterior tibæ whitish - ochreous . forewings elongate - lanceolete ; light brownish -
ochreous , irregularly suffused with ochreous - whitish ; two small black spots on costa towards base ; a blackish longitudinal mark in disc near base ; a straight rather oblique thick blackish bar from costa at ⅖ , reaching more than half across wing , followed by an ochreous - whitish bar ; space between these blackish markings suffused with fuscous ; posterior half of costa blackish - fuscous spotted with ochreous - whitish ; a small black spot in disc at ⅔ , more or less distinctly bisected by a projection from an ochreous - whitish . spot beneath it : cilia pale whitish - ochreons with a median row of blackish points . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 separate ; whitish - grey ; cilia pale whitish - ochreons .
auckland and christchurch , in december ; two specimens . nearly allied to e . pharotoma , but distinctly less narrow - winged ; the best distinctive markings appear to be the well - defined thick black bar from costa , and the obsolescence of marking in the cilia .
male . —9 mm . head ochreous - whitish . palpi blackish , apex white . antennæ grey . thorax greyish - ochreous , anterior margin dark fuscous . abdomen grey . legs blackish , ringed with white , posterior pair grey . forewings elongate - lanceolate , narrow ; fuscous ; a slender ferruginous streak along submedian fold , suffusedly margined beneath with whitish - ochreous , and above by three cloudy blackish dots ; two small black spots on costa towards base ; a black wedge - shaped spot from costa before middle , reaching half across wing , followed by an ochreous - white similar spot ; posterior half of costa narrowly black , with five small clear ochreous - white spots a short longitudinal ferruginous streak in disc beyond middle ; an irregular , small , white spot in disc at ¾ , partially margined above with black ; apex and hindmargin suffusedly irrorated with blackish : cilia ochreous - greyish , somewhat mixed with blackish , with a whitish basal dot above middle . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 separate ; dark grey ; cilia grey .
wellington , in january ; one specimen . closely allied to the two preceding , but immediately separable by the dark - grey hindwings .
head shortly rough - haired ; ocelli present ; tongue short . antennæ ¾ , in male rather thick , filiform , simple , joints closely set , basal joint moderate , without pecten . labial palpi moderate , rather ascending , second joint with rather rough projecting scales , beneath with a few long bristles , terminal joint somewhat shorter than second , tolerably pointed . maxillary palpi moderate , tolerably filiform , drooping . posterior tibiæ clothed with long dense hairs , forewings with vein 1
simple , 2 from near angle , 7 to costa , 11 from ⅓ , hindwings 1 , oblong - ovate , cilia 1 ; vein 4 absent , 6 and 7 tolerably parallel .
male , female . —8–13 mm . head white . palpi blackish , terminal joint and apex of second white . antennæ white , terminal third black except two subapical rings . thorax white , anterior margin blackish . abdomen grey - whitish . legs blackish , ringed with whitish , posterior tibiæ whitish . fore - wings elongate , costa gently arched , apex round pointed , hind - margin extremely obliquely rounded ; ochreous - white ; dorsal half suffusedly streaked with whitish - ochreous ; a thick , gradually - dilated , blackish streak along costa from base to ¾ , apex pointed , lower margin with a slight projection before middle ; sometimes an irregular blackish line below middle from near base parallel to inner and hind - margins to apex , and a similar almost marginal line along inner margin to anal angle , thence as a hindmarginal streak to apex , where it is confluent with the first ; sometimes a defined narrow blackish streak along inner margin , and a moderate blackish hindmarginal fascia attenuated at extremities : cilia whitish - ochreous , base within a black line ochreous - white , sometimes wholly suffused with grey . hindwings grey or whitish - grey , rarely rather dark grey ; cilia whitish - grey .
taranaki , makatoku , wellington , nelson , otira gorge , christchurch , dunedin , and lake wakatipu ; in august , september , december , january , and march ; common , frequenting forest . the species varies considerably in the presence or absence of black dorsal and hindmarginal streaks , but the varieties run into one another .
head densely rough - haired ; ocelli absent ; tongue short . antennæ ⅚ , in male pubescent - ciliated , with joints closely set , basal joint moderate , with small pecten . labial palpi moderate , porrected , with tolerably appressed scales , second joint with several long bristles above and beneath at apex , terminal joint shorter than second , tolerably pointed . maxillary palpi long , tolerably filiform , folded . posterior tibiæ clothed with hairs . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 from about angle , 3 and 4 stalked , sometimes 6 and 7 or 7 and 8 stalked , 7 to costa , 11 from near middle ; a naked ( usually transparent ) depression in disc beneath . hindwings 1 , elongate - ovate , cilia ¾ ; sometimes 5 and 6 stalked ( not in new zealand species ) .
a small cosmopolitan genus , of which some species are domestic and widely introduced .
( tinea ethelella , newm . , trans . ent . soc . lond . , iii . ( n . s . ) , 288 ; t . rectella , walk . , 482 ; blabophanes namuella , feld . , pl . oxl . , 44 . )
male , female . —16–20 mm . head pale whitish - ochreous . palpi dark fuscous , apex ochreous - whitish . antennæ fuscous . thorax dark fuscous , with a broad pale whitish - ochreous dorsal stripe . abdomen whitish - grey . legs dark fuscous , apex of joints whitish - yellowish , posterior pair pale ochreous - yellowish . fore - wings elongate , costa moderately arched , apex obtuse , hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; veins 6 and 7 stalked ; dark fuscous ; some obscure whitish - ochreous dots towards costa ; a moderate clear whitish - ochreous streak along inner margin from base to anal angle , upper edge rather irregular ; a well - defined transparent ochreous - whitish discal spot : cilia pale whitish - ochreous , obscurely spotted with dark fuscous , on costa more ochreous - yellowish . hindwings rather light grey ; cilia whitish - grey , becoming pale whitish - ochreous towards anal angle .
auckland , palmerston , nelson ( to 4 , 000 feet ) , christchurch , and dunedin ; from october to may , generally common , often at light . occurs also commonly in south - east australia and tasmania .
male . —11 mm . much smaller than b . ethelella ; head ferruginous - tinged ; forewings with veins 6 and 7 separate , towards costa obscurely strigulated with whitish - ochreous , discal spot larger relatively , cilia pale whitish - ochreous , on costa barred with dark grey : hindwings whitish - grey , more whitish towards anal angle , cilia whitish : otherwise similar .
taranaki , napier , wellington , nelson ( to 4 , 000 feet ) , and christchurch ; rather common , more or less all the year round . introduced from europe by civilization ; now occurring also in north america and australia .
male . —10–11 mm . head light fuscous . palpi dark fuscous , internally whitish . antennæ , thorax , abdomen , and legs dark fuscous . forewings elongate , costa gently arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin extremely obliquely rounded ; veins 6 and 7 stalked ; rather dark fuscous , somewhat irrorated with paler ; an obscure , cloudy , very irregular - edged whitish - ochreous streak near inner margin from base nearly to anal angle ; discal spot only indicated on lower surface , not transparent : cilia rather dark fuscous . hindwings rather dark fuscous ; cilia fuscous .
christchurch ; bred from bird - nests by mr . r . w . fereday , to whom i am indebted for types .
head densely rough - haired ; ocelli absent ; tongue short . antennæ ⅚ , in male with joints closely set , pubescent - ciliated or simple , basal joint moderate , with or without small pecten . labial palpi moderate , porrected , second joint shortly rough - scaled , with a few long bristles above and beneath , terminal joint shorter than second , tolerably pointed . maxillary palpi moderate or long , tolerably filiform , more or less folded . posterior tibiæ clothed with loose hairs . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 from near angle , 7 to costa , 11 from before middle . hindwings 1 , elongate - ovate , cilia ⅔–1 ; sometimes 5 and 6 stalked .
also a cosmopolitan genus , of which several species are domestic , and now widely distributed .
( tinea tapetiella ( tapetzella ) , l . ; t . palcestrica , butl . , proc . zool . soc . lond . , 1887 , 404 . )
male , female . —13–21 mm . head white . thorax dark fuscous . forewings elongate , round - pointed ; ochreous - white ; basal ⅖ blackish - fuscous ; a grey spot in disc at ⅔ , and some irregularly scattered small grey spots posteriorly , especially towards anal angle ; a black dot on inner margin at ⅔ , and two before apex : cilia ochreous - white , round apex dark grey . hind - wings with veins 5 and 6 separate ; grey ; cilia ochreous - grey - whitish .
wellington and nelson , in january ; several specimens ; the larva feeds principally in furs and skins . introduced from europe ; occurs also in australia and north america .
male . —16–17 mm . head whitish - ochreous , brownish - tinged . palpi rather long , whitish - ochreous , with a fine blackish lateral line . antennæ whitish - ochreous , with a black scale - streak at base , ciliations ¾ , thorax ochreous - brown mixed with
whitish - ochreous . abdomen grey . legs fuscous , anterior tarsi dark fuscous with a longitudinal whitish - ochreous line , posterior pair whitish - ochreous . forewings elongate - lanceolate ; fuscous sprinkled with whitish - ochreous , and obscurely streaked with ferruginous ; a darker longitudinal streak , partially suffused with ferruginous , below middle from base to apex , becoming dark fuscous at ⅔ , and apex , margined above by a suffused whitish - ochreous streak , and beneath by a whitish - ochreous dorsal space streaked with ferruginous ; a dark fuscous dot above the whitish - ochreous streak at ⅔ ; a fine dark fuscous hindmarginal line : cilia ochreous - whitish , mixed with light ochreous , towards anal angle suffused with ochreous . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 separate ; dark grey , purple - shining , towards base lighter and thinly scaled ; cilia grey , towards anal angle grey - whitish .
nelson , in january ; two specimens in a forest ravine . the appearance of this species is quite unlike any other of the genus , and recalls some of the new zealand species of gelechia .
male . —13 mm . head whitish - fuscous . palpi fuscous , base and apex ochreous - whitish . antennæ , thorax , and abdomen fuscous ; antennal ciliations 3 . legs dark fuscous , apex of joints ochreous - whitish . forewings elongate , moderate , costa gently arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin straight , very oblique ; rather dark fuscous ; a tolerably well - defined ochreous - whitish streak along fold from base to anal angle , upper margin with a slight projection before and a stronger one beyond middle , between which is a small dark fuscous spot : cilia rather dark fuscous , purple - shining , tips beneath apex and a small spot beneath anal angle ochreous - whitish . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 separate ; rather dark fuscous , purple - shining , lighter and thinly scaled towards base ; cilia fuscous .
palmerston ( north island ) , in march ; one specimen amongst forest . nearly allied to the two following , but distinctly broader - winged than either , and distinguished by the absence of discal spots , clearer pale streak , and different cilia .
male , female . —12–16 mm . head , palpi , antennæ , thorax , and abdomen dark fuscous mixed with ochreous - whitish ; antennal ciliations 2 ; thorax sometimes suffused with whitish . legs dark fuscous , apex of joints ochreous - whitish . forewings elongate , costa gently arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin straight , very oblique ; rather dark fuscous , more or less irrorated with whitish - ochreous and black ; sometimes a cloudy blackish dot on fold at ¼ ; a cloudy blackish dot in middle of disc , a second obliquely before it on fold , and a third in disc at
¾ , all variable in size and ill - defined ; a very indistinct suffused short whitish - ochreous streak along fold , not reaching base ; sometimes in female dorsal and hindmarginal areas broadly suffused with whitish : cilia fuscous , mixed with whitish - ochreous and dark fuscous . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 separate ; dark fuscous , purple - shining , lighter towards base , in female lighter ; cilia fuscous .
wellington and invercargill , in january and february ; not uncommon amongst forest . i should expect the larva to feed in rotten wood .
male . —10–13 mm . head , palpi , antennæ , thorax , and abdomen fuscous ; antennal ciliations 1 ½ . legs dark fuscous , apex of joints ochreous - whitish . forewings elongate , costa gently arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin straight , very oblique ; fuscous , with a few scattered grey - whitish and black scales ; a cloudy black streak from submedian fold before middle to beneath middle of costa ; a cloudy black dot in disc at ¾ , connected with costa at ¾ by a cloudy whitish streak : cilia fuscous , terminal half ochreous - whitish except at apex and anal angle . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 separate ; rather dark fuscous , purple - shining , lighter towards base ; cilia whitish - fuscous .
christchurch and lake wakatipu , in december and january ; five specimens . narrower - winged than either of the two preceding , and recognisable by the oblique antemedian bar in disc , and whitish terminal half of cilia .
male , female . —11–16 mm . head light fuscous . forewings elongate , round - pointed ; pale greyish - ochreous , irregularly suffusedly spotted with fuscous ; a dark fuscous dot in disc at ⅓ , a second obliquely beyond it on fold , and a third , larger and more conspicuous , in disc at ⅔ : cilia whitish - ochreous , basal half obscurely barred with fuscous . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 separate ; pale grey , yellowish - shining ; cilia whitish - grey .
whangarei , palmerston , wellington , nelson , and dunedin , from october to march ; common , probably everywhere . introduced from europe ; common in australia and north america . the larva feeds on dry refuse .
( scardia terranea , butl . , cist . ent . ii . , 510 . )
male , female . —17–27 mm . head brownish - ochreous . palpi ochreous , irrorated with dark fuscous , second joint with numerous bristles beneath throughout . antennæ fuscous , in male quite simple . thorax and abdomen greyish - ochreous , more or less suffused with fuscous . legs dark fuscous , apex
of joints pale greyish - ochreous . forewings elongate , costa moderately arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin extremely obliquely rounded ; light greyish - ochreous , irregularly reticulated with fuscous ; markings rather dark fuscous ; an irregular narrow fascia from ⅕ of costa to ⅖ of inner margin ; a similar somewhat broader fascia from ⅖ of costa to ⅗ of inner margin ; an irregular oblique streak from costa beyond middle , not reaching anal angle ; a short irregular streak from costa at ⅚ , sometimes connected beneath with previous streak ; two small spots on costa before this , and one before apex ; a hindmarginal row of cloudy fuscous spots : cilia whitish - ochreous , barred with fuscous . hindwings with veins 5 and 6 stalked ; grey , yellowish - shining ; cilia light grey , tips grey - whitish .
wellington , christchurch , castle hill ( 2 , 500 feet ) , dunedin , and lake wakatipu , from december to february ; common . the larva feeds in moss on rocks ; pupa in a very dense rough cocoon amongst the moss . this species is in some respects an extreme form of the genus , but it does not seem necessary to separate it .
only differs from tinea by the maxillary palpi , which are very short , simple ; these are stated by heinemann and others to be absent , but i find them quite distinct . the tongue appears to be absent .
male , female . —11–13 mm . head light yellow - ochreous . forewings elongate , round - pointed ; whitish - ochreous , uni - colorous . hindwings whitish .
christchurch and lake wakatipu , from december to february ; probably common in houses . the larva feeds especially in the lining of chairs and sofas .
head with loosely - appressed hairs ; no tongue . maxillary palpi absent . forewings with vein 11 from before middle of cell . hindwings with veins 3 and 4 separate .
founded by heinemann on the single european genus lypusa , which differs from the two following by the absence of labial palpi , but is otherwise nearly related . i conjecture that in both the following genera the female is probably apterous .
head with loosely - appressed hairs , side - tufts rather rough ; ocelli present ; no tongue . antennæ ¾ , in male with joints rather closely set , whorled with scales , simple , basal joint stout , simple . labial palpi moderate , porrected , loosely - scaled , second joint somewhat rough , with long bristles at apex above and
beneath , terminal joint shorter than second , tolerably pointed . maxillary palpi obsolete . posterior tibiæ with tolerably - appressed scales . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 from before angle , 7 to costa , 11 from before middle , secondary cell defined . hindwings rather narrower than forewings , elongate - ovate , cilia 1 ; veins 6 and 7 parallel .
male . —10 mm . head , palpi , antennæ , thorax , and abdomen fuscous . legs dark fuscous , apex of joints ochreous - whitish , posterior tibiæ ochreous - whitish . forewings elongate , costa gently arched , apex rounded , hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; fuscous , irrorated with blackish ; some scattered white scales , tending to form irregular transverse striguæ ; the absence of these appears to form darker median and subterminal fasiæ ; a distinct white double spot on inner margin before middle , and a very small one before anal angle ; a hindmarginal row of cloudy white dots : cilia fuscous , mixed with grey - whitish , with a cloudy dark fuscous line near base . hindwings fuscous - grey ; cilia whitish - grey , with a fuscous basal line .
wellington , in january ; seven specimens on fences . the larva doubtless feeds on lichens , and is probably a case - bearer ; i saw some small empty subcylindric cases , which i conjectured to belong to this species .
head with loosely - appressed hairs ; no ocelli ; no tongue . antennæ ¾ , in male with joints elongate , strongly biciliated with fascicles ( 2 ½ - 4 ) , basal joint stout , loosely scaled , with small pecten . labial palpi moderate or short , drooping , second joint loosely rough - scaled , with two or three apical bristles , terminal joint tolerably pointed . maxillary palpi obsolete . posterior tibiæ with tolerably - appressed scales . forewings with vein 1 furcate , 2 from near angle , 6 sometimes absent ( microphanes ) , 7 and 8 stalked , 7 to hindmargin , 11 from before middle , secondary cell tolerably defined . hindwings somewhat narrower than forewings , elongate - ovate : cilia ⅔ - 1 ½ ; veins 6 and 7 parallel , 6 sometimes absent ( microphanes ) .
it is not impossible that the absence of vein 6 in both wings of the single specimen of m . microphanes may prove to be an individual abnormality ; but even if constant , it certainly does not call here for generic separation . the species frequent shady forest .
male . —13–14 mm . head , palpi , antennæ , thorax , and abdomen dark fuscous ; palpi short ; antennal ciliations 3 . legs dark fuscous , ringed with whitish - ochreous . forewings elongate , moderate , costa gently arched , apex rounded , hindmargin
rounded , rather strongly oblique ; dark fuscous , obscurely irrorated with small greyish - ochreous spots ; several on posterior half of costa more distinct ; a small whitish - ochreous subquad - rate spot on inner margin at ⅔ , and another at ⅔ : cilia dark fuscous . hindwings and cilia dark fuscous ; cilia ⅔ .
mount arthur ( 4 , 000 feet ) , in january ; locally common .
male . —12–13 mm . head , palpi , antennæ , and thorax pale greyish - ochreous ; palpi short ; antennal ciliations 4 . abdomen grey . legs dark fuscous , ringed with whitish - ochreous , posterior tibiæ suffused with whitish - ochreous . forewings elongate , slightly dilated posteriorly , costa gently arched , apex round - pointed , hindmargin very oblique , slightly rounded ; pale greyish - ochreous , sometimes brownish - tinged ; numerous small scattered irregular dark fuscous strigulæ ; a very obscure ochreous - whitish streak along inner margin from ⅓ to near anal angle , interrupted by a small dark fuscous spot in middle ; a straight narrow dark fuscous fascia from middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle , more or less distinctly interrupted in disc ; three very small dark fuscous spots on posterior half of costa : cilia pale greyish - ochreous , fuscous - tinged . hindwings fuscous - grey ; cilia ⅘ , light fuscous - grey .
male . —9 mm . head , palpi , and antennæ light fuscous ; palpi moderate ; antennal ciliations 2 ½ , thorax fuscous . abdomen grey . legs grey - whitish . forewings elongate , costa slightly arched , apex rounded , hindmargin extremely obliquely rounded ; rather dark fuscous , irrorated with very obscure grey - whitish spots ; costa with four more distinct small white spots on posterior , half : cilia whitish - fuscous , basal half except towards anal angle fuscous obscurely spotted with whitish . hindwings light grey ; cilia 1 ½ , grey - whitish .
this family , closely allied to the tineiæ , appears to be usually recognisable by the peculiar palpi of the male , of which the terminal joint is very long , stout , recurved , and appressed to the crown and thorax . i will not attempt to give complete family characters , since lord walsingham , who has recently published a paper on the group from considerable material , has unfortunately given no full generic characters nor definition of the group , but only short diagnoses of the genera . in consequence of this i am unable to say whether the following genus is really referable to the family , as i have only seen the one sex , or


moses ( 1819 – after 1830 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

in a career that lasted from april 1822 to may 1823 he ran five times and won four races .

in 1822 , when three years old , he won all three of his races and became the second of six colts owned by members of the british royal family to win the epsom derby .

his subsequent career was restricted by injuries and he was retired after sustaining his only defeat .

he had limited success as a sire of winners and was exported to germany in 1830 .

moses ( horse )

all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for almighty moses . almighty moses is a gelding born in 2011 august 31 by god ' s own out of centoria
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for moses ( nzl ) . moses ( nzl ) is a gelding born in 2013 november 15 by zacinto out of bering island
the horse will not appreciate the cast and will goose step once it is applied . every effort should be made to keep the animal quiet and calm while moving into the trailer . the horse can throw a cast quite easily if not secured properly or allowed to panic . move the trailer to the horse rather than the horse to the trailer . use chest and butt bars to immobilize the horse once trailered . distraction can be provided with treats or feed . discuss transportation of the horse with the veterinarian .
grand parade was the first black horse for 106 years to win the epsom derby .
10021 baseline rd e ( 685 . 57 mi ) moses lake , washington 98837
in the summer of 1948 my love became the third french - trained horse to win the epsom derby and the fifth horse to win both the derby and the grand prix de paris .
mighty moses candy ride ( arg ) / trusten , by mt . livermore - 2013
moses austin’s tomb . the tomb of moses austin and his wife maria brown austin is located at the presbyterian church in potosi , missouri . [ courtesy of library of congress ]
pearl diver became the first french - trained horse to win the epsom derby since durbar in 1914 .
tiata burns is a certified horse association master instructor in western english and jumping . she h . . .
terimon , second to nashwan at 500 / 1 , is the longest - priced horse placed in any classic .
the battle for moses austin here is a link to the texas state cemetery’s account of the battle between the officials of potosi , missouri , and the state of texas over the remains of moses austin .
clover a motherly horse who silently questions some of napoleon ' s decisions and tries to help boxer after his collapse .
the original winner running rein was disqualified as he was actually an ineligible four - year - old horse named maccabeus .
sinndar is the first horse to capture the derby , irish derby and prix de l’arc de triomphe in the same season .
april the fifth was a very popular winner and the first epsom - trained horse to win the derby since amato in 1838 .
“no country yet known furnishes greater indications of an inexhaustible quantity of lead mineral , and so easily obtained . ”—moses austin
moses a tame raven and sometimes - pet of jones who tells the animals stories about a paradise called sugarcandy mountain .
the current race record for almighty moses is 0 wins from 25 starts with prizemoney of $ 27 , 135 . 00 .
“to remain in a country where i had enjoyed wealth in a state of poverty i could not submit to . ”—moses austin
“tell dear stephen that it is his dieing fathers last request to prosecute the enterprise he had commenced . . . ”—moses austin
moses : i lived through the outbreak . thank god i did not get infected . but i had some terrible moments .
on 7 may the prince received a forfeit when mr wilson withdrew his horse seedling from a three - mile match against the derby winner .
nijinsky became the 15th horse to gain the triple crown after winning the derby and 2000 guineas with success in the st leger at doncaster .
boxer a dedicated but dimwitted horse who aids in the building of the windmill but is sold to a glue - boiler after collapsing from exhaustion .
dr devious is the first horse to win the derby after contesting the kentucky derby , in which he had finished seventh to lil e tee .
the current race record for moses ( nzl ) is 0 wins from 6 starts with prizemoney of $ 2 , 100 . 00 .
“notwithstanding the unpleasent situation i was in , i could not but be charmed with the country i had pass . d . ”—moses austin
moses austin land survey . moses austin received land next to mine á breton from the spanish government in 1800 . the town and austin’s land can be seen in this survey by u . s . surveyor general antoine soulard . [ courtesy of the missouri state archives ]
moses : dr . dada , dr . brisbane , dr . borbor . everyone that i look up to , they all died .
subtitle : although many people lost their lives to ebola , dr . moses and his team saved 236 lives in only two months .
mollie a vain horse who prefers ribbons and sugar over ideas and rebellion . she is eventually lured off the farm with promises of a comfortable life .
stadtholder ( gb ) ch c 1742 ( roundhead - young nanny , by hartley ' s blind horse ) . sire line darley arabian . family 41 .
phil drake ran five times and won three races , becoming the fifth and last horse to win both the epsom derby and the grand prix de paris .
moses austin & co . on march 28 , 1812 , moses austin advertised in the missouri gazette that his partnership with john rice jones was ending and all of their merchandise was for sale . [ st . louis missouri gazette , march 28 , 1812 , page 3 , column 2 ]
_ _ _ _ . moses austin : his life . san antonio : trinity university press , 1987 . [ ref f508 . 1 au772g ]
a new book , anthony flint ' s wrestling with moses , documents in fascinating detail this struggle , which has even been turned into a new children ' s book entitled genius of common sense . interestingly , jacobs ' s own book about urban planning , the death and life of great american cities ( 1961 ) , only makes passing reference to moses , even if moses did think those few remarks libellous . so why the prizefight ?
santa claus won the irish 2 , 000 guineas , the epsom derby and the irish derby . his performances earned him the title of british horse of the year .
pont l’eveque was a very late foal , born at the end of the breeding season on 25 may , making him probably the youngest horse to win the derby .
gardner , james alexander . lead king : moses austin . st . louis : sunrise publishing co . , 1980 . [ ref f508 . 1 au772 ]
subtitle : dr . moses didn ' t only lose patients to ebola . his mentors , colleagues and good friends also lost their lives to this disease .
sir thomas had four engagements at newmarket in the spring of 1790 . on 19 april he was defeated in a 500 guinea match race against mr wentworth ' s horse gustavus .
mahmoud was a light - coloured grey horse of distinctly arab appearance , standing just under 15 . 3 hands high , and bred in france by his owner the aga khan .
jacobs checked moses ' s mad worship of the car and his despotic excesses . but in a world of faux cobblestones , pedestrian zones and hanging baskets , aren ' t we a little nostalgic for moses ' s obsessive audacity - for an era when planners could transcend the nimbies to execute grand gestures in the public interest ?
azuz : a horse and its rider recently survived a 300 - foot fall from a trail in california . neither was seriously injured , but they both became trapped in a deep raven . after airlifting the rider to the hospital , rescuers did the same favor for the animal . look at this , it ' s a flying horse . it was blindfolded and sedated and then flown to a highway in a harness . from there , the horse , which reportedly only had some cuts and scratches was loaded to a trail and eventually returned home .
durham hall . moses austin named his new home after his birthplace in durham , connecticut . [ the state historical society of missouri , photograph collection ( 027100 ) ]
chedworths moses ( gb ) b . h , 1746 { } dp = 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ( 0 ) di = inf cd = inf
morris , tony ; randall , john ( 1990 ) . horse racing : records , facts , champions ( third edition ) . guinness publishing . isbn 0 - 85112 - 902 - 1 .
wrestling with moses is published by random house . genius of common sense , by glenna lang and marjory wunsch , is released in the uk by david r godine in october .
moses ( gb ) b . h , 1819 { 5 - b } dp = 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ( 0 ) di = inf cd = inf
haxalls moses ( usa ) b . h , 1816 { 12 - b } dp = 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ( 0 ) di = inf cd = inf
sweepstakes ( gb ) [ bolton ] ch c 1722 ( bloody shouldered arabian - snell ' s mare , by gase ' s horse - mare , by lister turk ) . sire line bloody shouldered arabian .
gardner , james a . , papers , c . 1910 , 1930s–1980s ( sunp2917 ) this collection contains research notes and an unpublished version of historian james a . gardner’s biography of moses austin .
park , guy brasfield ( 1872 - 1946 ) , papers , 1932 - 1937 ( c0008 ) folder 2086 contains a number of historical summaries of missourians important to texas , including moses austin .
moses and stephen f . austin papers , 1676 , 1765 - 1889 this website provides a description of the austin papers at the briscoe center for american history , university of texas at austin .
in the power broker , his 1974 biography of moses , anthony caro makes him seem as fascinating a character as the devil himself , while one might also glean from flint ' s book that moses was a second stalin who would have liked to relocate all those he had the power to evict to a gulag in queens . in slashing through the most rundown areas , moses most often displaced the poor ; critics described slum clearance as
negro removal
, and dismissed the modernist towers surrounded by parks that re - housed those who were relocated as
ghettos - within - ghettos
.
shahrastani holds off the strong late challenge of dancing brave in a memorable finish . bold arrangement becomes the first horse to contest both the kentucky derby and derby , finishing second at churchill downs to ferdinand and 14th at epsom .
moses austin was an american merchant and lead miner who brought national attention to america’s mineral wealth . he built communities on the frontiers of virginia and missouri , and laid plans for the colonization of texas .
gracy , david b . , ii . “moses austin . ” our heritage . v . 22 , no . 1 ( october 1980 ) , pp . 5–11 . [ ref 929 . 3 t312sag ]
although cameronian was found to be running a temperature after the race he soon recovered . his connections were unable to explain his poor effort , with darling explicitly ruling out the possibility of the horse having been
got at
.
washington county ( mo . ) . probate records , 1813 - 1886 ( r0632 ) volume 1 in this set contains information on several court cases related to settling the estate of moses austin after his death .
gold medalist tendai zimuto strides home while silver medalist moses tarakinyu ( 1903 ) overtakes lesotho’s mapasela mahloko as they dash for the finish line in the 5 , 000m race . in the background is the cheering crowd
the race of the day was the 5 , 000m men final as it provided some spectacular competition that saw the zimbabwean duo of tendai zimuto and moses tarakinyu coming first and second respectively . zimuto clocked 15min , 19 : 61sec , while his fellow countryman moses tarakinyu who was third until the last 100metres as he made a sprint of his life , crossed the line in 15min , 21 : 69seconds to claim silver .
moses austin never fully recovered from his bout with pneumonia . he overworked himself trying to settle his financial affairs and became so ill that he could not even dismount his horse by himself during a trip to emily’s house . austin was bedridden for several days , and on his deathbed , passed the responsibility of colonizing texas to his son , stephen f . austin , who is remembered today as “the father of texas . ” on june 10 , 1821 , moses austin died . he was still $ 15 , 000 in debt . maria lived in poverty in herculaneum until her death three years later . emily had their bodies moved to potosi in 1831 .
moses and his brother bought the land around their mine in order to expand the business , built a town for their workers called austinville , and spent a lot on transportation improvements . this expansion caused debt , which worsened when the virginia capitol roofing project failed . in 1794 they tried to sell the mine but could not find a buyer . around this time , moses read an account of the vast mining potential of spain’s
“ . . . we have reason to flatter ourselves that not only the interest of this state but the united states in general . . . is interested in the success of our undertaking . ”—moses and stephen austin
_ _ _ _ . “moses austin and the development of the missouri lead industry . ” gateway heritage . v . 1 , no . 4 ( spring 1981 ) , pp . 42–48 . [ ref f550 m69gh ]
in september , the duchess ran without success at the st leger meeting . she was the only horse to oppose blacklock in the doncaster stakes and the doncaster club stakes but was beaten by the younger horse in both races . in the four mile doncaster cup she started favourite but finished fourth of the six runners behind rasping . [ 21 ] for the third consecutive year she ended her season at richmond where she finished third to doctor syntax and juggler in the gold cup . [ 22 ]
in their book
a century of champions
, john randall and tony morris rated windsor lad the nineteenth best horse of the 20th century and the sixth best derby winner , behind sea bird , hyperion , mill reef , nijinsky and shergar .
the state of texas recognizes moses austin as an important historical figure . when a texan undertaker was sent to relocate austin’s body to the texas state cemetery in 1938 , the local government of potosi stopped him . after a legal battle over austin’s remains , the state of texas decided instead to honor austin with a statue in san antonio the next year . moses austin’s grave site in potosi remains near the spot where his majestic durham hall once stood .
as a merchant , moses austin learned how to judge the value of trade items and began the lifelong practice of buying and selling on credit , since cash was often hard to come by at this time . in 1783 moses started a shop near stephen’s business in philadelphia . there he fell in love with mary brown ( whom he called maria ) and married her on september 28 , 1785 , after opening a branch of his business in richmond , virginia .
as austin’s finances collapsed and his social standing declined , he made plans to leave missouri . on may 12 , 1820 , austin sold his lead - shot facility in herculaneum for $ 2 , 000 and used the money for a trip to the spanish territory of texas . after making preparations for several months in arkansas with stephen f . , moses borrowed a horse and departed in october for texas with richmond , one of stephen f . ’s slaves . they arrived in late december .
were abandoned on the day before the race , despite the fact that he had been performing well in exercise . some reports claim the colt
went amiss
, while others state that batson was unwilling to risk his horse on the prevailing hard ground .
in 1789 moses and stephen became partners in a mine on the virginia frontier . initially , they were greatly successful . they convinced the u . s . congress to raise a tax on lead imported from foreign countries , which encouraged people to buy american lead . they also were paid to put a lead roof on the virginia state capitol building . more good news came in 1793 when stephen f . austin , moses’s son and brother stephen’s namesake , was born .
sir thomas ' s final appearance came on 10 may when he ran in a 50 guinea sweepstakes
from the end of the rowley mile to the end of the beacon corse
. he finished fourth of the five runners behind mr dawson ' s horse coriander .
austin attempted to remedy his financial problems by leasing a large number of slaves to work in the mines , but this proved too costly and only caused more debt . moses tried placing stephen f . in charge of the mine , but it did not help . as a final attempt to change their fortunes , moses and his son stephen f . helped start a new bank , called the bank of st . louis . their finances were utterly ruined when the bank failed during the
moses austin was born in durham , connecticut , on october 4 , 1761 . he was the youngest of nine children born to elias austin and eunice phelps austin . as a child , moses attended durham’s small community schoolhouse . although his formal education was limited , he developed a love of books . both of his parents died by the time he was fifteen . afterward , austin moved to middletown , connecticut , where his brother stephen gave him a loan to start a merchant shop .
until 1913 , there was no requirement for british racehorses to have official names , [ 3 ] and the horse who later became known as the duchess competed in 1811 as mr . w . wilson ' s b . f . by cardinal york , dam by beningbrough .
property for sale in september 1820 , moses austin sold the mine á breton tract , including his large estate , in order to pay off his debts . [ st . louis missouri gazette , september 20 , 1820 , page 3 , column 6 ]
the following is a selected list of books , articles , and manuscripts about moses austin in the research centers of the state historical society of missouri . the society’s call numbers follow the citations in brackets . all links will open in a new tab .
garraty , john a . , and mark c . carnes , eds . “moses austin . ” american national biography , v . 1 . new york : oxford university press , 1999 . pp . 766–67 . [ ref 920 am37 v . 1 ]
phillips , charles , and alan axelrod , eds . “moses austin . ” encyclopedia of the american west , v . 1 . new york : simon & schuster macmillan , 1996 . p . 117 . [ ref 978 p541 1996 v . 1 ]
when jacobs joined this community action as a mere foot soldier , she hadn ' t yet become a public figure , but moses ' s power and influence were already in retreat . in 1960 he resigned as parks commissioner , construction coordinator and chairman of slum clearance to become chief executive of the 1964 world ' s fair . for obvious dramatic reasons , flint is keen for moses to appear as
the man behind the curtain
, the wizard that jacobs rendered impotent in her later campaigns . in truth , her real bogey - figures were two earlier planning theorists , ebenezer howard and le corbusier . they were the two men who had , she felt , many years earlier set the flawed agenda for city planning that paternalists such as moses were now imposing all over america .
shortly after austin returned to virginia in march 1797 , the price of lead dropped by about half because the congress lowered its tax on foreign lead . moses dropped out of his partnership with stephen , who went bankrupt , and the two had a major falling out over money . after moses received permission from the spanish , he left for missouri in june 1798 with a small group of men , women , children , and slaves . after a trip fraught with illness and death , they reached mine á breton in october .
snow knight won the the epsom derby , then the following year earned an eclipse award as the american champion male turf horse . at stud he sired awaasif , the dam of snow bride , winner of the 1989 epsom oaks and the dam of lammtarra , winner of the 1995 epsom derby .
in the past , a horse with a broken leg was a dead horse . even though fracture repair surgery has long been possible and is internally very similar to the techniques used in humans and domestic animals , the successful healing of fractures in horses is heavily dependant upon the stabilization done in the field and the ability to immobilize the limb after surgery . great strides have made in the post - surgical immobilization of fractures meaning more and more horses are able to survive leg fractures , but the owner must take certain crucial steps before surgery is attempted to ensure that repair is a possibility .
sir thomas reappeared as a four - year - old in the jockey stakes over the four - mile beacon course at newmarket on 28 april . eleven of the thirteen entries were withdrawn and sir thomas won at odds of 1 / 10 from his only remaining opponent , lord derby ' s horse director .
seymour ( gb ) b c 1807 ( delpini - bay javelin , by javelin ) . sire line highflyer . family 3 - a . bred by the duke of hamilton he sired the second dam of the derby winner amato ( br c 1835 velocipede ) . although the derby winner moses ( b c 1819 ) is generally assumed to have been sired by seymour , the second covering stallion , moses was advertised in the racing calendar as
got by whalebone , his dam by gohanna , out of grey skim
[ weatherby ' s 1824 : 502 ] .
on the way back , austin discovered that a fellow traveler , jacob kirkham , was trading in illegal livestock . kirkham then stranded moses and richmond in the wilderness without horses or supplies . that night , austin survived an attack by a wild panther , but both he and richmond caught
the horse must be calmed before any assessment or treatment of the injury can or should be attempted . a thrashing animal is not only very dangerous to handlers ; it may cause more damage to the fracture which may make healing more difficult . the veterinarian will administer tranquilizers and pain medications to facilitate examination and splinting .
breeder : william haxall state bred : va officially registered as
moses ( haxwell ' s )
. his sire
sir harry
was bred by mr . cookson , g . b . and he was sent to virginia , u . s . a . in 1804 . ( close )
george washington carver was born in kansas territory near diamond grove , missouri , during the bloody struggle between free - soilers and slaveholders . his father , a slave on a nearby farm , was killed shortly before carver was born . carver himself became the kidnap victim of night riders while still a baby . with his mother and brother , james , he was held for ransom . before they were rescued , his mother died . moses carver , a german farmer , ransomed ( traded ) the infant carver for a $ 300 race - horse . thus he was orphaned and left in the custody of a white guardian from early childhood .
austin , moses . a memorandum of m . austin’s journey from the lead mines in county of wythe in the state of virginia to the lead mines in the province of louisiana west of the mississippi , 1796 - 1797 . n . p . , 1900 . [ ref f516 . 1 au77 1900 ]
mighty moses ( usa ) ch . c , 2013 { 8 - c } dp = 3 - 2 - 6 - 1 - 0 ( 12 ) di = 2 . 00 cd = 0 . 58 - 11 starts , 2 wins , 4 places , 1 shows career earnings : $ 146 , 150
lammtarra becomes the first horse to win the derby on his seasonal return since grand parade in 1919 and sets a record time of 2m 32 . 31s , beating mahmoud’s 2m 33 . 8s which was hand - timed in 1936 . the race is switched permanently from wednesday to saturday . vodafone takes over the sponsorship and remains the backer up to 2008 .
buehler , h . a . , “the wythe lead mines , ” 1917 ( c2092 ) this manuscript submitted to the missouri historical review gives biographical information about the men , such as moses austin and his brother stephen , who owned or operated the wythe lead mines in wythe county , virginia , between 1750 and 1812 .
breckenridge , clarence edward ( 1877 - 1963 ) , papers , 1897 - 1960 ( c1037 ) folder 10 in this collection contains a speech delivered on march 21 , 1949 , before the u . s . house of representatives by a . s . j . carnahan , entitled “moses austin and the lure of lead . ”
it was only when moses tried to bring light and air into the city that he was charged with elitism . like jacobs , he wanted to democratise space - it was just his techniques that were different . he compared himself to baron haussmann , whose
dictatorial talents enabled him to accomplish a vast amount in a very short time , but also made him many enemies , for he was in the habit of riding roughshod over all opposition
. like haussmann , moses thought the end always justified the means , that the old should make way for the new , that the medieval warren should make way for glorious parks , apartment buildings and boulevards .
severely disrupted business on the western frontier as well . in 1812 the mine produced about half of its 1808 total . when maria , brown , and emily ran out of money on a trip to philadelphia in 1811 , they had to live off the charity of others for two years because moses could not afford to bring them home .
our signature program , united neigh , addresses the high school graduation rate of at - risk youth in the lynchburg area . participants follow a program that instills self - confidence , a strong sense of personal responsibility , recognition of the value of teamwork , civic responsibility , and real - life workplace skills . this is accomplished through a bond of trust with a horse whose background is , too often , just as painful as their own . tutors are available each session to work with the youth on their schoolwork . a rule of the program is that horse work always comes second to school work . to date we have a 100 % high school graduation rate among its participants , and most impressive a 100 % rate of the participants continuing their education .
kris kin is the first supplementary entry to win the derby . the sir michael stoute - trained colt had initially been entered in the classic as a yearling but was scratched at the start of his three - year - old campaign . connections paid £90 , 000 to add the horse to the line - up at the five - day stage following his victory in chester’s dee stakes .
missouri , ste . genevieve . archives , 1756 - 1930 ( c3636 ) folder 113 contains images of legal paperwork referring to james bryan’s ( moses austin’s son - in - law ) administration of austin’s estate after his death . folder 304 contains legal papers and handwritten letters from austin regarding lawsuits with matthew mullins , robert greer , and bartholemew butcher and michel butcher .
jacobs , a journalist for the now - defunct
architectural forum
, was the most vocal critic of the planning philosophy to which moses adhered in his prolific 34 - year career , and she successfully fought such schemes as his lower manhattan expressway , that would have put a 10 - lane straight line across greenwich village , soho , little italy , chinatown and the lower east side . but their paths crossed only once , in 1958 , at a board of estimates hearing to decide the fate of washington square park . moses wanted to extend fifth avenue through the square , ostensibly to ease congestion in greenwich village ' s dense maze of streets , but also to reward developers building on 10 blocks he ' d razed to the south .
the contemporary turf observer , the druid , noted ,
this horse [ camel ] was as good as an annuity of 800 pounds [ sterling ] to mr . theobald [ his second owner ] for several seasons after the performances of touchstone had brought him so prominently into notice . . .
while in the possession of egremont , he spent the 1830 season at the grosvenor eaton stud , which was when he got touchstone on banter . after that , he was sold to william theobald , and stood thereafter at theobald ' s stockwell stud near clapham . next to touchstone , camel ' s best son was launcelot , a full brother to touchstone , who won the champagne stakes at age 2 and at age three placed second for the epsom derby and then went on to win the st . leger , narrowly beating the better horse , maroon .
our programs are growing , as there is a great need for both horse rescue and therapeutic riding opportunities . it is because of you that we are successful ! please take the time to look through our website to see all the things we are doing ! if you want to support us and become a part of the brook hill family , click here to find out how you can help us continue to help both horses and people !
stamford ( gb ) br c 1794 ( sir peter teazle - horatia , by eclipse ) . sire line highflyer . family 30 . bred by sir frank standish he won the doncaster cup in in 1797 and 1798 and the royal plate at york in in 1799 . described as a compact horse with much quality he sired viscount ( gr c 1809 ) , young wryneck ( ch f 1809 ) and mother goose ( ch f 1805 ) .
in may 1886 the sporting times carried out a poll of one hundred racing experts asking them to name the ten best horses of the 19th century . in july of that year the results of the poll were published as a ranking list . although his racing career had ended more than fifty years earlier , plenipotentiary was ranked eighteenth , having been placed in the top ten by fifteen of the voters . he was the second highest - placed horse of the 1830s behind
camelot becomes the 37th horse to follow up victory in the first british classic , the 2000 guineas over a mile at newmarket , with success in the investec derby as he records a convincing five - length win at epsom downs . jockey and trainer , joseph and aidan o’brien , become the first father / son combination to win the premier classic . camelot narrowly fails in his bid to win the triple crown , finishing second behind encke in the st leger at doncaster three and a half months later .
a multi - horse finish rivals that of 1913 as the closest ever . in a four - way photo , sir percy beats dragon dancer , dylan thomas and hala bek a shorthead , a head and a short - head . seven winners have had the prefix sir : sir peter teazle ( 1787 ) , sir thomas ( 1788 ) , sir harry ( 1798 ) , sir bevys ( 1879 ) , sir visto ( 1895 ) , sir ivor ( 1968 ) , and most recently sir percy .
sterling ( gb ) b c 1868 ( oxford - whisper , by flatcatcher ) . sire line sterling . family 12 - a . considered to be a game , determined horse he won the liverpool cup . he retired to the yardley stud where he was among the top twenty champion sires four times . he sired the derby winner harvester ( br c 1881 ) , and three two thousand guineas winners : enterprise ( ch c 1884 ) , enthusiast ( ch c 1886 ) and paradox ( b c 1882 ) .
jacobs ' s children often played in the historic park and joined the battle to preserve it : they proved effective at collecting signatures , and were sometimes outfitted with sandwich boards that proclaimed ,
save the square !
( which had a double meaning in the hip village ) . not used to defeat , moses stormed out of the hearing shouting furiously :
there is nobody against this - nobody , nobody , nobody but a bunch of , a bunch of mothers .
sir thomas ( 1785 – after 1790 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse . in a career that lasted from october 1787 to may 1790 he ran thirteen or fourteen times and won nine or ten races . in 1788 he became the first horse owned by a member of the british royal family to win the epsom derby , having been bought as a two - year - old by the prince of wales who later became king george iv . following his win in the derby , sir thomas raced in the prince ' s ownership with some success until 1790 .
galileo’s half - brother sea the stars shows he is one of the greats as he powers to glory under veteran jockey mick kinane . the john oxx - trained colt becomes the first horse for 20 years to follow up victory in the 2000 guineas with success in the epsom classic and goes on to complete an unbeaten campaign with four further group one wins , annexing the coral - eclipse , juddmonte international , irish champion stakes and prix de l’arc de triomphe . investec takes over sponsorship of the derby and backs all the races at the two - day meeting at epsom .
austin’s inability to pay his enormous debts led to a wave of lawsuits from his creditors . he became so desperate for money that he was willing to sell mine á breton for less than one - third of its market value , but still could not find a buyer . on march 11 , 1820 , moses austin was arrested and put in jail for failing to pay his debts . ten days later , mine á breton was seized by the government ; eventually it was sold to settle a portion of austin’s debt .
my perfect home : moses is an adorable yearling and is enjoying life at the ispca national animal centre . he loves attention and is looks forward to his daily handling . the ispca equine staff have been doing lots of ground work with him and he is turning into a lovely confident young boy . he is a quick learner and in the right experienced home he will be a real gem . he will require a 1 - 2 acre paddock with secure fencing and access to a stable or field shelter . my story : moses was rescued from ballinasloe horse fair in 2016 by ispca inspectors . he was malnourished and full of worms but once he was treated for parasites , he soon put on condition with a good nutritious diet and he started to improve right away . he was very badly handled , fearful of people and very head shy . the kind volunteers and staff at the national animal centre showed him the kindness he deserved and handled him every day and he slowly became to trust humans again . he spends his days with his other yearling buddies in the field and yard getting up to mischief . he is a different boy now and trots over to greet new visitors . we are delighted he made a full recovery and has firmly put his past behind him . contact us : we match each equine with a suitable new home where they will be loved and cared for , for the rest of their lives . all equines are vaccinated , micro - chipped and have a passport . stallions and colts are gelded before rehoming . for more information please call 0433325035 or fill out our rehoming form at the following link urltoken
moses austin was an important businessman and community builder on america’s frontier . he helped found austinville in virginia , and washington county and the cities of potosi and herculaneum in missouri . he improved transportation , trade links , and mining methods in these areas , and brought national attention to their mineral wealth . he also started the process of the colonization of texas . many americans moved to texas after austin received permission to colonize , and the territory ended up declaring its independence from mexico in 1836 . nine years later , texas became the twenty - eighth state of the united states .
state historical society of missouri , typescript collection ( c0995 ) item # 2 in this collection contains a speech delivered before the annual meeting of the texas agricultural workers’ association , which gives a brief history of the austin family . item # 147 references major events in the life of the austin family . item # 393 contains a short summary of austin’s life from a speech made at the dedication of the austin - pitcairn roadside park near festus , missouri . item # 447 contains the henry r . schoolcraft papers , which includes schoolcraft’s correspondence with moses and stephen f . austin .
snail ( gb ) [ wharton ' s or old ] c 17120c ( whynot - mare , by wilkinson ' s arabian ) . sire line fenwick barb . family 43 . he was first called old smales but his name was corrected in an old match book and the name snail is used in other pedigrees . he ran in 1718 for the duke of wharton without apparent success and he may have raced earlier for mr blacket . he sired young kitty burdett ( b f 1720 ) , milkmaid ( b f 1720 ) and the 4th dam of pharoah * ( b c 1753 chedworth ' s moses ) .
swordsman ( ire ) b c 1796 ( prizefighter - zara , by eclipse ) . sire line king herod . family 2 - b . owned by mr whaley he was said to have comparable shape , bone , sinew and strength to any horse in ireland . standing 15 hands 3 inches his beauty was matched by his turf performance . he won seven king ' s plates , a sweepstakes and a match . he covered at the curragh for a fee of six guineas for blood mares . he sired medora ( b f 1813 ) the dam of the st leger winner rockingham ( b c 1830 humphrey clinker ) and the chester cup winner the cardinal ( br c 1827 waxy pope ) .
spark ( gb ) [ old ] c 1700c ( honeycomb punch - wilkes ' old mare , by hautboy ) . sire line taffolet barb . family 11 . the general stud book notes that his dam , hautboy mare , may be grey wilkes [ gsb 1 : 383 ] , making him a half - brother to old country wench ( gr f 1712c snake ) and her sisters . this is confirmed by heber , who says :
spark , son of the famous honeycomb punch , and out of the robinson hautboy mare , bred by mr wilks , and was the dam of the dam of regulus
[ heber 1754 : 238 ] . he may have been the same horse as frampton ' s spark . the earl of bristol recorded in his diary that his famous horse wenn beat mr frampton ' s sparke on may 8 , 1708 [ royal studs : 207 ] . along with several useful daughters , he got offspring from sister to hanniball for cuthbert routh from 1723 to 1729 . spark mare was the 2nd dam of sampson ( b c 1745 blaze ) . another spark mare was the 2nd dam of * spark ( c 1733c aleppo ) , who was sent to america where he was a useful stallion at the stud of benjamin tasker in maryland . and yet another spark mare was the dam of the smiling ball colt , who sired bald partner ( ch c 1743 ) .
in 2007 , a triumvirate of revisionist exhibitions tried to remind us that moses , for all his many power - crazed faults , was once a popular figure . he was pugnacious and intransigent , but he was a bully , at least at first , for the people , using his power to bulldoze through the golf courses and country estates of the wealthy so that anyone would have easy access to the parks and beaches he created . flint tallies his impressive achievements :
13 bridges , two tunnels , 637 miles of highways , 658 playgrounds , ten giant public swimming pools , 17 state parks , and dozens of new or renovated city parks
.
spark ( gb ) [ tasker ' s ] c 1733c ( aleppo - sister to look - about - you , by bartlet ' s childers ) . sire line darley arabian . family 28 . bred by charles , 2nd lord tankerville , in northumberland , and later owned by charles fleetwood , of middlesex . the latter presented him to frederick , prince of wales , who in turn presented him to charles , 5th lord baltimore . imported in 1747 by benjamin tasker , he was the first english horse to reside in maryland . he stood at tasker ' s belair stud until his death in 1756 . he sired the full siblings hopper ' s pacolet ( gr c 1750c ) and gantt ' s mille ( f 1752c ) .
on december 8 , 1796 , moses austin and one of his workers set out on a two - thousand - mile round - trip journey through pristine wilderness to what is now southeast missouri . as they approached the mississippi river , they got lost in a huge snowstorm , ran out of food , and ended up sixty miles off course . in missouri , austin met john rice jones , an american who became his business partner and translator to the territory’s french population , and commandant françois vallé of ste . genevieve , another future business partner , who led austin to a place with exceptionally rich lead deposits called mine á breton . austin soon made a formal request for this land to the spanish government .
lap - dog ' s brother , spaniel ( 1828 ) , resembled his sire , whalebone , in that he was a small , long horse . he was a weedy youngster , and was sold to lord lowther for 150 guineas as a yearling and placed in training with joe rogers . he debuted at newmarket in a sweepstakes over the two year old course ( almost 3 / 4 of a mile ) for juveniles , and ran second to zany in a field of seven . he failed to place in newmarket ' s july stakes , and in a £50 juvenile race in october , both also over the tyc , and then ran third the nursery stakes ( carrying 7 st . - 12 lb to the 8 stone plus carried by the other four runners ) over the ditch mile in october .
an early close friend of carver was henry a . wallace ; the pair knew each other for forty - seven years . wallace said that carver often took him on botanical ( relating to plants ) expeditions , and it was he who first introduced wallace to the mysteries of plant fertilizers . carver was a shy and modest bachelor , an unmarried man . an attack of whooping cough ( a contagious disease that attacks the respiratory system ) as a child had permanently caused him to have a high - pitched tenor voice . he considered it a high duty to attend classes and was seldom absent . in 1908 he returned to the west to visit his ninety - six - year - old guardian , moses carver , and to visit the grave of his brother , james , in missouri .
brook hill is unique as it combines horse rescue and rehabilitation with a therapeutic riding program . as a fully accredited member of the global federation of animal sanctuaries , we have rescued and rehabilitated over 450 horses since our inception in 2001 . more than half of those rescued and rehabilitated horses are thoroughbreds , and we are one of only a few organizations in the us to be fully accredited by the thoroughbred aftercare alliance , providing the best possible care for our retired thoroughbred athletes . along the way , brook hill discovered the magic of the combination of horses and people ; how they inspire and enrich the human spirit , healing both the body and the mind . as a member center of the professional association of therapeutic horsemanship international ( path ) , brook hill farm provides equine assisted activities for youth and adults . through hard work and love the participants care for and heal their rescue horses , and very often find healing themselves .
ane jacobs is often portrayed as an almost mythic figure , locked with robert moses in an epic battle for the future of new york . she was the mother and determined journalist with owlish glasses and grey thatch of hair who cruised around greenwich village on a bicycle , her handbag stowed in a wicker basket on the handlebars . he was new york ' s seemingly unstoppable construction tsar , the man the press nicknamed
big bob the builder
, a master of backroom politics who was chauffeur - driven around the five boroughs in a black stretch limousine with pigskin seats . he wanted to tear down her house , neighbourhood , and much of the rest of new york so that he could cover it with superblocks and expressways . she took him on - david v goliath - and won . but was the dynamic as straightforward as that ?
on a recent visit to hudson street i found that a third of the stores and restaurants on jacobs ' s block are empty . jacobs died in 2006 , but her cast of shopkeepers were swept away by gentrification , of which , ironically , she represented the first wave , many years ago . the white horse tavern , where dylan thomas used to prop up the bar , has expanded down the street and is clogged with tourists , but chelsea cricket , which apparently offered designer clothing for toddlers in the storefront of jacobs ' s old home , closed earlier this year , as did the popular italian restaurant next door and two other eateries on the block - their windows whitewashed on the inside as the recession creates its own urban blight . a man with a moustache , whom jacobs would no doubt have thought a
character
, was sitting on one of these empty stoops shouting at passers - by ,
are you unhappy ?
flexible ( 1822 ) was bred at petworth and sold as a yearling to a mr . bartley , who soon therafter sold him to john mytton , who owned longwaist . flexible was out of themis , a sorcerer daughter , and true to his breeding , was a good distance horse . at age three he won a match at epsom , beating velasquez , followed by a win of the original stakes at bath . he placed second to mephistopheles in the st . leger stakes at cheltenham , and at the same meeting won £75 in a race against six other mostly older horses , but could only run third in the cheltenham cup , won by longwaist , who was still owned by fulwar craven . he went on to win the stourbridge cup , the town plate ( in two - mile heats ) at warwick , and shrewsbury ' s st . leger stakes ; he also ran second for warwick ' s st . leger stakes , beaten by doctor faustus .
jacobs is not only a hero of grassroots activists , but has set the agenda for urban planning for half a century . her utopian vision of greenwich village life has been exported unquestioningly to the rest of the world , where an urban stage set provides a background for disneyland - like islands of social fantasy that hardly relate to the rest of the city ( think of covent garden , which was also saved from an expressway ) ; suburbs have also been retrofitted so that they resemble little villages . in new york , many of the historic districts she helped save from the lower manhattan expressway , such as soho ' s cast - iron district , have become open - air museums or malls for tourists that are just as soulless as the cultural centres and high - rises she so abhorred . in these entertainment zones , any semblance of street ballet is swamped by the marching of out - of town consumers , most of whom got there via the bridges and tunnels moses built .