umbonium vestiarium , common name the button tops , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family trochidae , the top snails .

umbonium vestiarium

common button top ( umbonium vestiarium ) in sealife base : technical fact sheet .
common button top ( umbonium vestiarium ) on the nparks flora and fauna website .
umbonium vestiarium ( vestigastropoda : trochidae ) button snail by jenny , 2015 , on taxo4254 .
. the genus globulus , assigned by schumacher in 1817 , is an objective synonym of genus umbonium , meaning that both globulus and umbonium contain the same species ( i . e . u . vestiarium ) , but umbonium
umbonium vestiarium , a filter - feeding trochid by vera fretter in journal of zoology ( 20 aug 2009 ) .
figure 17 : description on umbonium vestiarium . image from the biodiversity heritage library . digitized by natural history museum library , london
umbonium vestiarium linnaeus 1758
. gbif secretariat : gbif backbone taxonomy , 2013 . url : urltoken ( accessed on 11 november 2015 )
no valid holotype was found for umbonium vestiarium . this is because the specimen ( trochus vestiarius ) that was assigned as the type actually referred to
berry , a . j . , 1987 . reproductive cycles , egg production and recruitment in the indo - pacific intertidal gastropod umbonium vestiarium ( l . ) .
kalyanasundaram , n . , s . s . ganti , & a . a . karande , 1972 . the habitat and the habitat - selection by umbonium vestiarium l .
berry , a . j . , 1984 . umbonium vestiarium ( l . ) ( gastropoda , trochacea ) as the food source for naticid gastropods and a starfish on a malaysian sandy shore .
species umbonium zelandicum a . adams , 1854 accepted as zethalia zelandica ( hombron & jacquinot , 1848 )
sivadas , s . , b . ingole , & a . sen , 2012 . some ecological aspects and potential threats to an intertidal gastropod , umbonium vestiarium . journal of environmental biology , 33 : 1039 - 1044 .
[ 30 ] chan , z . w . i . , 2013 . quantifying shell pattern and colour polymorphism in umbonium vestiarium ( l . ) ( gastropoda , trochacea ) . unpublished student report , national university of singapore , singapore . 17 pp .
species umbonium striolatum a . adams , 1855 accepted as ethalia striolata ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )
button snail is a suspension feeder . it belongs to genus umbonium , the only filter - feeding gastropod group with inhalant and exhalant siphons
. no record of syntypes and lectotypes of u . vestiarium could be found . its type locality , as appointed by linnaeus in his original description , is mediterrranean , asia , and china
( of trochus vestiarius linnaeus , 1758 ) linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
description solid , rounded shells , up to 2 cm wide , similar to oxystele ( above ) but more flattened and with a glossy , highly variable . . .
description solid , rounded shells , up to 2 cm wide , similar to oxystele ( above ) but more flattened and with a glossy , highly variable and colourfully patterned exterior . habitat : eulittoral sand . distribution : indo - pacific . [ details ]
drivas , j . ; jay , m . ( 1987 ) . coquillages de la réunion et de l ' île maurice . collection les beautés de la nature . delachaux et niestlé : neuchâtel . isbn 2 - 603 - 00654 - 1 . 159 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
bosch d . t . , dance s . p . , moolenbeek r . g . & oliver p . g . ( 1995 ) seashells of eastern arabia . dubai : motivate publishing . 296 pp . [ details ]
kilburn , r . n . ( 1977 ) taxonomic studies on the marine mollusca of southern africa and mozambique . part 1 . annals of the natal museum , 23 , 173–214 . [ details ]
( of trochus vestiarius linnaeus , 1758 ) kilburn , r . n . ( 1977 ) taxonomic studies on the marine mollusca of southern africa and mozambique . part 1 . annals of the natal museum , 23 , 173–214 . [ details ]
hickman , c . s . ( 1985 ) . comparative morphology and ecology of free - living suspension - feeding gastropods from hong kong . in : morton b , & dudgeon d , editors . proceedings of the second international workshop on the malacofauna of hong kong . the malacofauna of hong kong and southern china ii . hong kong university press , hong kong . 1 : 217 - 234 . [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
a big pile of living button snails chek jawa , feb 05 they can float , forming ' rafts ' . changi , jul 08 closeup of shell opening and operculum . tanah merah , feb 07 tanah merah , mar 10
tiny button snails leaping away from a hunting moon snail . east coast , jun 06
cyrene reef , dec 10 photo shared by loh kok sheng on his blog .
family trochidae tan , leo w . h . & ng , peter k . l . , 1988 . a guide to seashore life . the singapore science centre , singapore . 160 pp .
tan siong kiat and henrietta p . m . woo , 2010 preliminary checklist of the molluscs of singapore ( pdf ) , raffles museum of biodiversity research , national university of singapore .
tan , k . s . & l . m . chou , 2000 . a guide to the common seashells of singapore . singapore science centre . 160 pp .
davison , g . w . h . and p . k . l . ng and ho hua chew , 2008 . the singapore red data book : threatened plants and animals of singapore . nature society ( singapore ) . 285 pp .
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this species has been recorded at changi , chek jawa , cyrene reef , east coast park , tanah merah .
raffles museum of biodiversity research rmbr has its origins in the raffles museum which was founded in 1849 . established on…
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figure 1 : button snails found on sandy beach ( left ) and a close - up of the snail ( right ) . photo : © 2008 & 2012 ria tan ( cc by - nc - nd 2 . 0 )
button snail has round and glossy shell with various patterns and colours ( figure 2 ) . its average shell width is 1 cm , with maximum of 1 . 5 cm
. more information about its identifying features can be found on 5 ( ii ) diagnostic features .
figure 2 : various shell patterns of button snail . photo : © 2015 jenny
empty shell may be occupied by hermit crab , so do take a closer look to find out whether it is button snail or hermit crab . the main distinguishing feature is that button snail has soft body while hermit crab has claws and legs like crabs ( figure 3 and 4 ) .
figure 4 : hermit crab living in an empty button snail . photo : © 2005 ria tan
polymorphism , which refers to having two or more different sizes , shapes , colours , patterns , etc . , within a population
, is a characteristic feature of many gastropod shells . button snail exhibits particularly high polymorphism : 11 colour patterns were recorded in kalbadevi beach in india
. however , the development and maintenance of the polymorphism is still a mystery . both genetic and environmental factors are likely to play a role , but more studies need to be conducted to investigate this . one possible mechanism is apostatic selection through differential predation rates on morphs
however , this is unlikely given that the main predators of button snail , such as moon snails and sea stars , hunt primarily by smell and not visual . another possible mechanism is heat management
, especially in tropics where solar radiation and temperatures are high . indeed , darker morphs were observed to be lower in number
button snail inhabits surface layers of marine sands in shallow water and also low - shore mud flats . it prefers sand of medium grade and avoids finer sand grains or muddy sand
it is abundant in the sandy shores in singapore ( figure 5 ; e . g . changi , chek jawa , cyrene reef , east coast park , and tanah merah )
figure 5 : global distribution of button snail . source : global biodiversity information facility (
figure 6 : distribution of button snail in singapore . base map from global biodiversity information facility ( cc by 3 . 0 )
. this may explain why button snail is found on sandy shores , and not rocky ones . to escape predators , button snail may perform a series of rolling movements by twisting their foot side to side
figure 7 : labels of selected anatomy . photo : © 2012 ria tan (
figure 8 : path marking made as button snail creeps on sand . photo : © 2011 ria tan (
figure 9 : aggregation of floating button snail . photo : © 2008 ria tan (
figure 10 : button snail buried in sand in feeding position . left photo : © 2012 ria tan ( cc by - nc - nd 2 . 0 ) , labelled by jenny . right illustration by jenny , with reference to [ 13 ]
figure 11 : button snails being preyed by moon snail ( left ) and haddon ' s carpet anemone ( right ) . photo : © 2011 & 2005 ria tan ( cc by - nc - nd 2 . 0 )
button snail has separate sexes ( i . e . dioious ) . similar to other trochacaeans in the family , button snail is a broadcast spawner and carries out external fertilization because it lacks the accessory reproductive organs for internal fertilisation
the trochophore and early veligers larvae , which are negatively gravitaxis and will orient themselves against gravity and move upwards , to have light - enhanced upward swimming . this promotes faster growth
. as a result of weak dispersal , the offspring is likely to settle on the same shore . however , weak dispersal is favourable to button snail . given that the juvenile live and grow for one year before breeding and then die the following mid - year
figure 12 : different stages of development of button snail . illustration by jenny , with reference to [ 18 ]
. therefore , over - collection may be a possible threat to button snails . they are often used as accessories in aquarium and home decorations ( figure 13 ) . human consumption is another threat : vendors may use aromatic thorns ( acacia pennata ) to pry the meat out from the shell
has precedence because it is older . later on , lamarck thought that the snail had
remarkably callous
lower surface compared to other trochus , so he gave a new name ,
figure 15 : description by linnaeus in 1758 . extract from göttinger digitalisierungszentrum ( pending approval ) . translation by jenny .
figure 16 : description on rotella lineolata . image from the biodiversity heritage library . digitized by natural history museum library , london
traditionally , phylogeny of family trochidae was constructed based on morphology such as radula and ctenidium . for instance , subfamily umboniinae , lirulariinae , and halistylinae were grouped together owing to them having monopectinate ctenidium and reduced radula
figure 18 : molecular phylogeny of trochidae and calliostomatidae , with subfamily umboniinae highlighted in blue , based on concatenated sequences from four genes using bayesian analysis with uncorrelated relaxed , lognormal clock using beast . source : williams
[ 1 ] carpenter , k . e . , & v . h . niem , 1998 . fao species identification guide for fishery purposes . the living marine resources of the western central pacific . volume 1 . seaweeds , corals , bivalves and gastropods . food and agriculture organization of the united nations , rome . 686 pp .
leimar , o . , 2005 . the evolution of phenotypic polymorphism : randomized strategies versus evolutionary branching . the american naturalist , 165 ( 6 ) : 669 - 681 .
allen , j . a . & b . c . clarke , 1984 . frequency - dependent selection – homage to poulton , e . b” . biological journal of the linnean society , 23 : 15 - 18 .
miura , o . , s . nishi , & s . chiba , 2007 . temperature - related diversity of shell colour in the intertidal gastropod batillaria . journal of molluscan studies , 73 ( 3 ) : 235 - 240 .
tamaki , a . , & t . kikuchi , 1983 . spatial arrangement of macrobenthic assemblages on an intertidal sand flat , tomioka bay , west kyushu .
( linnaeus , 1758 )
. lee kong chian natural history museum , n . d . url : urltoken ( accessed on 7 november 2015 )
ansell , a . d . , 1969 . escape responses of 3 indian mollusks .
heller , j . , 2015 . sea snails : a natural history . springer , switzerland . 354 pp .
hickman , c . s . , 1992 . reproduction and development of trochacean gastropods .
( linnaeus , 1758 )
. flora & fauna web , n . d . url :
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata
children , j . g . , 1823 . lamarck ' s genera of shells .
quarterly journal of science , literature and the arts , 15 : 216 - 258 .
[ 25 ] de lamarck , j . b . d . m . & c . dubois , 1825 .
an epitome of lamarck ' s arrangement of testacea : being a free translation of that part of his works , de l ' histoire des animaux sans vertebras . longman , hurst , rees , orme , browne , and green , london . 317 pp .
hermannsen , k . , 1851 . on some genera of shells , established in 1807 by the late h . f . link .
catalogue of type specimens . 4 . linnaean specimens
. uppsala university museum of evolution zoology section , 2001 . url :
williams , s . t . , donald , k . m . , spencer , h . g . , & t . nakano , 2010 . molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families trochidae and calliostomatidae ( mollusca : superfamily trochoidea ) .
herbert , d . g . ( 1992 ) . revision of the umboniinae ( mollusca : prosobranchia : trochidae ) in southern africa and mozambique .
hickman , c . s . , & mclean , j . h . ( 1990 ) . systematic revision and suprageneric classification of trochacean gastropods . natural history museum los angeles county science series , 35 : 1 - 169 .
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warning : the data available reflects the progression status of knowledge or the availability of the inventories . it should never be considered as comprehensive .
national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .
link d . h . f . ( 1807 - 1808 ) . beschreibung der naturalien - sammlung der universität zu rostock . rostock : adlers erben . 1 abt . [ part 1 ] , pp . 1 - 50 ; 2 abt . [ part 2 ] , pp . 51 - 100 ; 3 abt . [ part 3 ] , pp . 101 - 165 ; abt . 4 [ part 4 ] , pp . 1 - 30 ; abt . 5 [ part 5 ] , pp . 1 - 38 [ 1808 ] ; abt . 6 [ part 6 ] , pp . 1 - 38 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 136 [ details ]
williams s . t . , karube s . & ozawa t . ( 2008 ) molecular systematics of vetigastropoda : trochidae , turbinidae and trochoidea redefined . zoologica scripta 37 : 483–506 . [ details ]
shell small , compressed ; disc shaped ; solid ; surface smooth and glossy ; umbilicus present , densely calloused ; numerous colour forms of the shell present varying from white greyish to dark purple ; operculum thin , circular .
biju kumar , a . 2012 . ‘kerala theerathe kadal jeevikal’ ( marine animals of kerala coast - a field guide ) . kerala state biodiversity board , thiruvananthapuram , kerala , 304 pp . ( in malayalam )
the contents of this website is licensed under the creative commons attribution - sharealike 4 . 0 international license .
bijukumar , a . and nair , a . s . ( eds ) . 2014 . marine biodiversity informatics for kerala . < www . keralamarinelife . in > .
this map is based on occurrence records available through the gbif network and may not represent the entire distribution .


eua globosa is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family partulidae .

it is endemic to the island of ' eua , tonga .

eua globosa is the type species of the genus eua .

the following cladogram shows the phylogenic relations of eua globosa :

eua globosa

eua is a genus of air - breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family partulidae .
mollusc specialist group ( 1996 ) . eua zebrina . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 7 august 2007 .
deforestation because of human and agricultural development is the primary threat to this species . much of the island of ' eua has been deforested ( drake
eua zebrina is a species of tropical air - breathing land snail , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family partulidae . this species is endemic to american samoa .
this species is endemic to the island of ' eua ( kingdom of tonga ) . it is the type species of the eponymous genus eua and was described in some detail ( including anatomical dissections & drawings ) by pilsbry and cooke in 1934 . additional dissections and drawings were made by y . kondo ( 1955 ) and they appear in his unpublished ph . d . thesis . the taxonomic validity of this species has been corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analysis of museum material ( lee et al . 2009 ) .
this ' eua island endemic was described from specimens sampled by a . t . p . powell in 1932 at bugai , 100 m elevation . yoshio kondo ( bishop museum ) sampled on ' eua in 1967 and , according to his field notes ( kept in the bishop museum malacology collection ) , he encountered a small number of specimens on a single ridge . kondo ' s notes contained expressions of concern about the logging activities he witnessed on the island and the danger they posed to the survival of endemic snails . john b . burch ( university of michigan ) returned to that location in 1970 to find the last remaining suitable habitat being cleared by bulldozer . burch recorded 60 live individuals at the site but concluded that they had little hope of survival ( burch . pers . comm . ) .
the last living specimens ( ~ 60 individuals ) were observed in 1970 in a small patch of native forest that was being felled by bulldozer by j . b . burch , who concluded that they had little hope of survival ( pers . comm . 2011 ) . this is the last record of living individuals of this species . in 2000 , bryan clarke , ann clarke and christopher wade mounted a sampling expedition to ' eua looking specifically for this species , but only encountered empty shells ( b . clarke , pers . comm . ) . however , this survey was primarily restricted to the ridge , and although they did look elsewhere in suitable habitat on the island , this was by no means extensive ( c . wade pers . comm . 2011 ) . this species may well be extinct .
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critically endangered ( possibly extinct ) b2ab ( iii ) ; d ver 3 . 1
this species is listed as critically endangered ( possibly extinct ) . it has a v
ery narrow geographic range , it is known from a single location , and there is a continuing decline in extent and quality of its habitat . no live individuals have been seen since 1970 , despite surveys to the island . further surveys are urgently recommended to determine whether or not this species is extant , and if so , to determine population size and trends .
is an island endemic , recorded from native forest up to 100 m elevation . unlike most partulids , this taxon was / is a ground - dwelling species ( kondo 1955 ) .
conservation efforts directed at this species at present are unknown . field work to define the current distribution of this species , as well as research on its population status and trends , is required . identification of priority sites for species conservation ( e . g . key biodiversity areas that include threatened land snails ) and reducing the impacts of human activities is also urgently needed .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
pilsbry h . a . & cooke c . m . ( 1934 ) . partulidae of tonga and related forms . bernice p . bishop museum occasional papers . 10 ( 14 ) : 1 - 22 . [ details ]
gerlach j . ( 2016 ) . icons of evolution : pacific island tree - snails of the family partulidae . phelsuma press . isbn : 978 - 0 - 99322 - 033 - 3 . [ details ]
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the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there is 1 barcode sequence available from bold and genbank .
below is the sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
lee t . , burch j . b . , coote t . , pearce - kelly p . , hickman c . , meyer j . - y . & foighil d . o . ( 18 august 2009 ) .
moorean tree snail survival revisited : a multi - island genealogical perspective
. bmc evolutionary biology 9 : 204 . doi : 10 . 1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 9 - 204


the angolan brush-furred rat ( lophuromys angolensis ) is a species of brush-furred mouse found in angola and the southwest of the democratic republic of congo .

angolan brush - furred rat

thomas ' s ethiopian brush - furred rat ( lophuromys brunneus ) , also called the brown brush - furred rat or the brown brush - furred mouse , is a species of brush - furred mouse from southern ethiopia .
according to uniprot , zena ' s brush - furred rat ( lophuromys zena ) is a species of rat .
the mount cameroon brush - furred rat or roseveari ' s brush - furred mouse ( lophuromys roseveari ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
hutterer ' s brush - furred mouse or hutterer ' s brush - furred rat ( lophuromys huttereri ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
dieterlen ' s brush - furred mouse or mt oku brush - furred mouse ( lophuromys dieterleni ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
lophuromys verhageni ( verhagen ' s brush - furred rat ) is a rodent belonging to the genus lophuromys .
lophuromys dudui ( dudu ' s brush - furred rat ) is a rodent belonging to the genus lophuromys .
the gray brush - furred rat ( lophuromys aquilus ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
rahm ' s brush - furred rat ( lophuromys rahmi ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the ethiopian forest brush - furred rat ( lophuromys chrysopus ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
ansorge ' s brush - furred rat ( lophuromys ansorgei ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the short - tailed brush - furred rat ( lophuromys brevicaudus ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the rusty - bellied brush - furred rat ( lophuromys sikapusi ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the yellow - spotted brush - furred rat ( lophuromys flavopunctatus ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the woosnam ' s brush - furred rat ( lophuromys woosnami ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the black - clawed brush - furred rat ( lophuromys melanonyx ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the fire - bellied brush - furred rat ( lophuromys nudicaudus ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the yellow - bellied brush - furred rat ( lophuromys luteogaster ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
the medium - tailed brush - furred rat ( lophuromys medicaudatus ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
. subfamily deomyinae - spiny mice , link rat and brush - furred rats . in : happold , david c . d . ,
rudd ' s mouse or the white - bellied brush - furred rat , uranomys ruddi , is the only member of the genus uranomys .
the brush - furred mice , genus lophuromys are a group of rodents found in sub - saharan africa .
crawford - cabral , j . 1998 . the angolan rodents of the superfamily muroidea . an account on their distribution . estudos , ensaios e documentos 161 : 1 - 222 .
rattus lutreolus ( j . e . gray , 1841 ) - australian swamp rat
lenoxus apicalis ( allen , j . a . , 1900 ) - andean rat
fox ' s shaggy rat . in : happold , david c . d . ,
loring ' s acacia rat . in : happold , david c . d . ,
bunomys andrewsi ( allen , j . a . , 1911 ) - andrew´s hill rat
sigmodon fulviventer allen , j . a . , 1889 - tawny - bellied cotton rat
the link rat ( deomys ferrugineus ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae .
. subfamily lophiomyinae - maned rat . in : happold , david c . d . ,
neusticomys mussoi ochoa g . and soriano , 1991 - musso ' s fish - eating rat
sigmodontomys alfari allen , j . a . , 1897 - alfaro ' s rice water rat
oecomys speciosus ( allen , j . a . and chapman , 1893 ) - arboreal rice rat
oryzomys alfaroi ( allen , j . a . , 1891 ) - alfaro ' s rice rat
. subfamily mystromyinae - white - tailed rat . in : happold , david c . d . ,
oecomys trinitatis ( allen , j . a . and chapman , 1893 ) - trinidad arboreal rice rat
verheyen , w . , dierckx , t . and hulselmans , j . 2000 . the brush - furred rats of angola and southern congo : description of a new taxon of the lophuromys sikapusi species complex . bulletin de l’institut royal des sciences naturelles de belgique , biologie 70 : 253 - 267 .
the subfamily deomyinae consists of four genera of mouse - like rodents that were placed in the subfamilies murinae and dendromurinae until very recently . they are sometimes called the acomyinae , particularly in references that antedate the discovery that the link rat , deomys ferugineus , is part of the clade . deomyinae is the older name and therefore has priority over acomyinae .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , tolerance of a degree of habitat modification , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
this species is largely distributed in west africa and central africa . it is found from sierra leone in west africa to tanzania and kenya in east africa and southward to northern angola . the eastern range limits are not well resolved . in tanzania its distribution is patchy , and it is found around high mountains in the appropriate altitudinal and climatic habitat . at mount nimba ( guinea ) it occurs up to 1 , 600 m asl .
this species inhabits dense , moist grasslands , secondary growth , agricultural fields , abandoned farmlands , swamps and grassy plantations where there is abundant low cover . in primary and secondary forests , it occurs only in patches of grassland and herbaceous cover , most especially in open areas . it is a terrestrial and nocturnal , crepuscular species . this species has both an insectivorous and omnivorous diet .
there are no conservation measures in place ; in vieew of its wide range it is probably present in some protected areas .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable 4 . grassland - > 4 . 6 . grassland - subtropical / tropical seasonally wet / flooded suitability : suitable 14 . artificial / terrestrial - > 14 . 1 . artificial / terrestrial - arable land suitability : suitable 14 . artificial / terrestrial - > 14 . 2 . artificial / terrestrial - pastureland suitability : suitable
grubb , p . , jones , t . s . , davies , a . g . , edberg , e . , starin , e . d . and hill , j . e . 1998 . mammals of ghana , sierra leone and the gambia . trendrine press , zennor , st ives , cornwall , uk .
happold , d . c . d . 1987 . the mammals of nigeria . oxford university press , london , uk .
happold , d . c . d . 1996 . mammals of the guinea - congo rain forest . proceedings of the royal society of edinburgh 104 : 243 - 284 .
iucn . 2016 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2016 - 3 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 07 december 2016 ) .
iucn . 2017 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2017 - 1 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 27 april 2017 ) .
musser , g . g . and carleton , m . d . 2005 . superfamily muroidea . in : d . e . wilson and d . a . reeder ( eds ) , mammal species of the world : a geographic and taxonomic reference , pp . 894 - 1531 . the john hopkins university press , baltimore , usa .
pacifici , m . , santini , l . , di marco , m . , baisero , d . , francucci , l . , grottolo marasini , g . , visconti , p . and rondinini , c . 2013 . generation length for mammals . nature conservation 5 : 87–94 .
swynnerton , g . h . and hayman , r . w . 1951 . a checklist of the land mammals of the tanganyika territory and the zanzibar protectorate . journal of the east africa natural history society 20 ( 6 ) : 274 - 392 .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t12356a115104961 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
deomyines share no morphological characteristics that can be used to separate them from other muroids , though subtle aspects of the third upper molar have been suggested . this subfamily is united solely on the basis of shared genetic mutations . these conclusions have demonstrated good statistical support using nuclear and mitochondrial dna , and dna - dna hybridization .
because of the lack of physical characteristics supporting this group , it is very possible that the subfamily as it is currently recognized is subject to enlargement . many of the genera currently placed in the murinae or dendromurinae have never been included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis . potential surprises await when they are .
all genera are found in africa , suggesting the deomyines may have originated there . the spiny mice , acomys spp . , are also found in asia .
thomas , 1917 . in : patton , james l . , pardinas , ulyses f . j . and d ' elia , guillermo ,
weksler , percequillo , and voss , 2006 . in : patton , james l . , pardinas , ulyses f . j . and d ' elia , guillermo ,
thomas , 1906 . in : patton , james l . , pardinas , ulyses f . j . and d ' elia , guillermo ,
carleton , michael d . , banasiak , rebecca a . and stanley , william t .
carleton , michael d . , smeenk , chris , angermann , renate and goodman , steven m .
carleton , michael d . , gardner , alfred l . , pavlinov , igor ya and musser , guy g .
. order rodentia - rodents . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily spalacidae - mole rats . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily cricetomyinae - pouched rats and pouched mice . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily delanymyinae - delany ' s swamp mouse . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily dendromurinae - african climbing mice . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily petromyscinae - pigmy rock mice . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily arvicolinae - voles , lemmings and muskrats . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily gerbillinae - gerbils and jirds . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily leimacomyinae - buttner ' s forest mouse . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily murinae - rats and mice . in : happold , david c . d . ,
three - striped forest mouse . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily otomyinae - vlei rats and whistling rats . in : happold , david c . d . ,
. subfamily tachyoryctincae - african root - rats . in : happold , d . c . d . ,
group ( rodentia : muridae : murinae ) of east africa : a morphometric reassessment and biogeographical implications .
taylor , peter j . , lavrenchenko , leonid a . , carleton , michael d . , verheyen , erik , bennett , nigel c . , oosthuizen , carel j . and maree , sarita
ding , x . , leigh , c . m . , goodman , s . m . , bedford , j . m . , carleton , michael d . and breed , w . g .
carleton , michael d . , emmons , louise h . and musser , guy g .
voss , r . s . and carleton , michael d . ( eds . )
new york : american museum of natural history . ( bulletin of the american museum of natural history ; 331 ) 450 pages .
they sort out like nuts and bolts : a scientific biography of guy g . musser
schmidt , david f . , ludwig , craig a . and carleton , michael d .
o ' brien , c . , mcshea , william j . , guimondou , s . , barriere , p . and carleton , michael d .
carleton , michael d . , kerbis peterhans , j . c . and stanley , w . t .
. superfamily muroidea . in : wilson , don e . and reeder , d . m . ,
. order rodentia . in : wilson , don e . and reeder , d . m . ,
carleton , michael d . , musser , guy g . and pavlinov , i . ya
pallas , 1811 , is the valid name for the genus of red - backed voles . in : averianov , a . o . and abramson , n . i . ,
sytematics , phylogeny and paleontology of small mammals - - an international conference devoted to the 90th anniversary of prof . i . m . gromov
, short - tailed rats , malagasy voles . in : goodman , s . m . and benstead , j . p . ,
, white - tailed tree rats , antsangy . in : goodman , s . m . and benstead , j . p . ,
, tufted - tailed rats . in : goodman , s . m . and benstead , j . p . ,
, big - footed mice . in : goodman , s . m . and benstead , j . p . ,
, voalavoanala . in : goodman , s . m . and benstead , j . p . ,
. systematics and phylogenetics of madagascar ' s native rodents . in : goodman , s . m . and benstead , j . p . ,
carleton , michael d . , sanchez , o . and vidales , g . urbano
carleton , michael d . , goodman , s . m . and rakotondravony , d .
goodman , s . m . , carleton , michael d . and pidgeon , m .
carleton , michael d . , fisher , robert d . and gardner , alfred l .
musser , g . g . , carleton , michael d . , brothers , e . m . and gardner , alfred l .
. systematic studies of oryzomyine rodents ( muridae , sigmodontinae ) : diagnoses and distributions of species formerly assigned to oryzomys
capito
.
. new taxa of nesomyine rodents ( muroidea : muridae ) from madagascar ' s northern highlands , with taxonomic comments on previously described forms .
. the rodents of the reserve speciale d ' anjanaharibe - sud , madagascar .
. morphological differentiation among subsaharan and north african populations of the lemniscomys barbarus complex ( rodentia : muridae ) .
musser , g . g . , brothers , e . m . , carleton , michael d . and hutterer , r .
. systematic studies of madagascar ' s endemic rodents ( muroidea : nesomyinae ) : a new genus and species from the central highlands .
brown , j . h . , carleton , michael d . , estes , j . a . , fleming , t . h . and musser , g . g .
. a new genus for hesperomys molitor winge and holochilus magnus hershkovitz ( mammalia , muridae ) with an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships .
. systematics and evolution . in : kirkland , d . l . and layne , j . ,
. chapter 9 : introduction to rodents . in : anderson , s . and jones , j . k . ,
. chapter 11 : muroid rodents . in : anderson , s . and jones , j . k . ,
. a survey of gross stomach morphology in microtinae ( rodentia , muroidea ) .
. phylogenetic relationships in neotomine - peromyscine rodents ( muroidea ) and a reappraisal of the dichotomy within new world cricetinae .
die ameisenart
acanthomyops
setzt sich zusammen aus lat .
acanthus
, griech .
ákanthos
, griech .
ákantha
=
dorn
und griech .
mýops
, griech .
mýein
=
sich schließen
.
ein schönes beispiel einer buchstabenwanderung ( ampelwort ) ist das engl .
adder
=
natter
. ursprünglich hiess sie auch im englischen
nadder
bzw .
naedre
. aus
a naedre
wurde jedoch irgendwann
an adder
. zusammen mit dem
an
merkt man den buchstabenklau kaum , aber allein ist der verlust offensichtlich , aber daran denkt heute kaum noch ein engländer .
das engl .
animal
=
tier
und dt .
animalisch
gehen zurück auf lat .
animal
=
tier
,
lebewesen
.
any of various insects of the order lepidoptera , characteristically having slender bodies , knobbed antennae , and four broad , usually colorful wings . 2 . a person interested principally in frivolous pleasure : a social butterfly . 3 . sports a . a swimming stroke in which a swimmer lying face down draws both arms upward out of the water , thrusts them forward , and draws them back under the water in an hourglass design while performing a dolphin kick . b . a race or a leg of a race in which this stroke is swum . 4 . butterflies a feeling of unease or mild nausea caused especially by fearful anticipation .
etymology : middle english butterflye , from old english butorfloge : butor , butere , butter ; see butter + floge , fly ; see fly2 .
word history : is a butterfly named for the color of its excrement or because it was thought to steal butter ? it is hard to imagine that anyone ever noticed the color of butterfly excrement or believed the insect capable of such theft . the first suggestion rests on the fact that an early dutch name for the butterfly was boterschijte . the second is based on an old belief that the butterfly was really a larcenous witch in disguise .
here ' s a little bagatelle ( or , very imprecisely , a bugatelle ! ) of entomology etymology . i ' ve long been fascinated by the large variety of distinct words for
butterfly
in various indo - european languages . here is my butterfly collection , which i hope will be of more than
e - vanessa - nt
interest .
( das wortspiel zu
e - vanessa - nt
erklärt sich durch engl .
evanescent
=
flüchtig
und
vanessa atalanta
=
samtschwarzer schmetterling mit weißen flecken und roter binde
. )
dieser artikel ist den
schmetterlingen
,
nachtfaltern
und
raupen
gewidmet . man findet dazu viele übersetzungen und etymologische hinweise ( wenn auch nicht zu allen übersetzungen ) .
einige quellen ( oxford english dictionary ) behaupten , die
butterfliege
erhielt ihren namen , weil ihr kot der butter ähneln sollte . ( dazu paßt z . b . niederl .
boterschijte
. ) andere quellen ( webster ) gehen von einer mystischen erklärung aus , wonach hexen in der gestalt von schmetterlingen rahm und butter stahlen .
der griech .
petaloudia
( modern greek ) geht zurück auf
petal
=
( blüten - ) blatt
und findet sich noch im wissenschaftlichen namen
lepidoptera
für
schmetterling
,
falter
,
schuppenflügler
.
der lat .
papilio
führte zu frz .
papillon
=
schmetterling
und engl .
pavilion
= dt .
pavillon
=
ein zelt mit flügeln
. ( das lat .
pipilare
=
piepen
kann ich jedoch nicht mit
schmetterling
in verbindung bringen - oder haben sie schon ' mal einen
schmetterling
piepen
hören ? )
der ital .
farfalle
=
schmetterling
findet sich wieder als bezeichnung für ähnlich geformte nudeln . ausserdem kann die
cravatta a farfalla
als
fliege
getragen werden .
der dt .
schmetterling
ist nicht nur biologisch sondern auch sprachlich mit der
butterfliege
verwandt . sein name leitet sich ab von einem sächsischen wort
schmetten
, tschesch .
smetana
=
both meaning
rahm
,
sahne
( vgl .
schmand
=
milchrahm
) .
( im
schmettern
einer arie kann man eine verwandschaft zum lat .
pipilare
erkennen . )
der
falter
, den man sowohl im
tagfalter
=
schmetterling
als auch im
nachtfalter
=
motte
findet kann entweder das
falten
der flügel beschreiben . das ahd .
fifaltra
könnte aber auch auf lat .
pipilare
zurück gehen .
die folgenden links führen zu bildern und informationen zu
butterfly
und
butterfly - abkömmlingen
.
smithsonian naturalist kjell b . sandved searched worldwide for 24 years to photograph these natural designs on butterfly wings .
das gesamte alphabet , geschrieben auf schmetterlingsflügeln - für sein lebenswerk war der fotograf kjell b . sandved fast ein vierteljahrhundert unterwegs .
am anfang war das f . auf dem dachboden des smithsonian instituts in washington d . c . , auf einer leiter balancierend zwischen hunderten von schubladen und schachteln mit exotischen schmetterlingen , fand kjell b . sandved seine berufung . in einer alten zigarrenkiste sah er ein exemplar , dem die schöpfung den silbrig glänzenden buchstaben f auf den flügel gemalt hatte .
alberta bufferflies is the first comprehensive guide and reference to the butterflies of the province . life - size colour photographs complement the descriptions of every species and subspecies of butterfly known or expected to occur in alberta . full colour pictorial keys assist the novice and expert alike in identifying any butterflies encountered in the province . each species account includes habitat requirements , life history , and distribution information . colour maps illustrate species ranges in north america and confirmed records from alberta . the main flight periods as well as earliest and latest flight records are illustrated graphically for quick reference . a section on
butterfly cigarettes are produced in china , king size ( 85 mm ) , soft pack , 20 cigarettes in a pack . dear visitors of the site if you have more information about this brand , please edit this info . thank you for the assistance .
butterfly pool cigarettes are produced in china , king size ( 85 mm ) , soft pack , 20 cigarettes in a pack .
dear visitors of the site if you have more information about this brand , please edit this info . thank you for the assistance .
the castle , owned by the goulaine family , houses a rare butterfly collection in addition to a museum . it hosts various functions , including weddings . wine is available for sale at the castle’s vineyards .
the band wanted a name that sounded heavy and beautiful at the same time . trivia : their biggest hit was
in a gadda da vida
, which was originally called
in the garden of eden
. the singer was so trashed on lsd one rehearsal that it came out
in a gadda da vida
, and the band decided that was a better name for the song .
welcome to the fourth issue of cultural entomology digest . this issue focuses on butterfly and moth cultural entomological references . butterflies are perhaps the most popular group of all insects and cary symbolic meaning for almost every human culture . their general beauty and harmless demeanor allow many individuals to perceive this group in a positive light when compared to most other insect groups .
butterfly
singt sich irgendwie leichter als
schmetterling
- deswegen kommt dieser internationale klassiker gleich mehrsprachig daher . danyel gerard blieb zwar damit so etwas wie ein
one - hit - wonder
, belegte aber 1971 immerhin ganze 14 wochen lang platz 1 der singlecharts . durch die mehrsprachige version kann man hier sogar von einem
eurovisionären
hit sprechen .
a universal native america symbol . in the apache bear dance they entice girls from the underworld . it figures prominently in the hopi migration myth , honon nyamu . butterflies are created by the zuni paiyatemu playing a flute . ajille [ navaho ] disguises himself as one , and serves as hero and origin tales . butterflies are also linked ( minor motifs ) to certain thunder bird narratives .
butterfly bush , . . . , also called buddleia . | butterfly chair | butterfly fish | butterfly orchid | butterfly pea | butterfly valve | butterfly weed | cabbage butterfly | emperor butterfly | leaf butterfly | milkweed butterfly , see monarch butterfly . | monarch butterfly | sea butterfly , see pteropod . | thistle butterfly | zebra butterfly
imelda marcos was once the ' steel butterfly , ' the beautiful wife and confidante of philippine dictator ferdinand marcos .
apparently the german word for butterfly is
milchdieb ,
which translates as
milk thief .
evidently there was a theory in the middle ages that the little critters steal milk and butter , a myth possibly based on their light , colorful wings and delicate appearance . or perhaps they really did steal milk and butter . it ' s not impossible .
[ q ] from david powell : “could the word butterfly , which has no obvious connection with butter ( outside of its name ) , possibly be an ancient corruption of flutter by , which is exactly what the creature does ? i can imagine a child mispronouncing it thusly and the result sticking in our language . ”
engl .
castrate
, dt .
kastrieren
geht zurück auf lat .
castrare
, das wiederum auf ein substantiv mit der bedeutung
messer
,
schneidewerkzeug
zurück geht . eine sanskritische variante hat die bedeutung
schlachten
.
bei der
kastration
werden die hoden des männlichen tieres entfernt , abgeschnitten .
auf das postulierte ide .
* kes -
,
* kas -
,
* kas - tro -
,
* kas - to -
,
* kasso -
gehen weitere begriffe zurück , wie
dt .
kassieren
, von lat .
cassare
=
aufheben
,
annullieren
, lat .
cassus
=
leer
,
nichtig
die engl .
caterpillar
=
raupe
hieß um 1440 noch
catyrpel
und geht zurück auf frz .
chatepelose
=
haarige katze
.
interessant ist der zusammenhang von engl .
pile
=
stapel
und engl .
pilose
=
behaart
, die auf lat .
pilus
=
haar
zurück gehen .
das haar findet man nicht nur in der suppe sondern auch in der
pille
, die auf lat .
pila
=
ball
und weiter auf einen
haarknoten
zurück geht .
die französische
raupe
wird nicht
haarige katze
sondern
haariger hund
genannt : frz .
chenille
, von lat .
canicula
, dem diminutiv von
canis
=
dog
.
der engl .
coach dog
,
carriage dog
wurde darauf abgerichtet , hinter einer kutsche herzulaufen .
das engl .
coach - horse
=
kutschen - pferd
, scheint eine spanisch beeinfusste bezeichnung zu sein .
cob
=
spider
=
spinne
,
cobweb
=
spider web
=
spinnennetz
.
das engl .
cobweb
hiess mittelengl . noch
coppeweb
, altengl .
attorcoppa
=
spider
. das altengl .
attor
=
gift
, also war die altengl . spinne ein
gifttasse
oder aber auch
giftkopf
, da man die spinne als
kopf mit beinen
ansehen konnte .
etymologies of the word for
dog
- wolfgang behr ' s bibliographic listing .
engl .
doodlebug
=
ameisenlöwe
dürfte sich aus engl .
doodle
=
narr
, ( vgl . dt .
dödel
) und engl .
bug
=
wanze
zusammen setzen .
der ohrwurm ist gleich in zweifacher weise erklärungsbedürftig . zunächst das tier mit der bezeichnung
ohrwurm
und dann der
ohrwurm
im übertragenen sinn , als melodie , die man nicht mehr aus dem kopf bekommt . der name des tieres könnte auf seine form zurückgehen und auf die angst der menschen , dass er tatsächlich nachts ins ohr eines menschen krabbelt .
im
kluge
findet man unter
ohrwurm
die aussage , dass der früheste nachweis bereits im 14 . jh . zu finden ist . für
earworm
soll es schon altenglische belege seit dem 8 . jh . geben .
interessant finde ich jedenfalls , dass der ursprung bereits auf die antike zurückgeht . ohrwürmer fanden damals tatsächlich den weg in das menschliche ohr . allerdings nicht lebend sondern getrocknet und zu pulver zerstossen . man sprach diesem pulver heilende wirkung bei der erkrankung des ohres zu . genannt wurden sie lat .
auricula
=
öhrchen
,
ohrläppchen
. im französischen hiessen diese mittelchen
cure - oreille
=
ohren - reiniger
.
später ging die ursprüngliche bedeutung verloren und ins gegenteil gedeutet . man sagte den ohrwürmer dann nach , auslöser für ohrenerkrankungen zu sein und befürchtete sogar , dass sie sich ins gehirn durcharbeiten , so dass sie eben zu frz .
perce - oreille
=
ohrbohrer
entwickelte .
erstaunlich finde ich schon , dass sich die übertragene bedeutung
ohrwurm
für eine
eingängige melodie
erst um 1987 gebildet haben soll .
da es jedoch schon die neueengl . bezeichnung
earwig
=
ohrwurm
gibt , ist die annahme berechtigt , dass der dt .
ohrwurm
( im musikalischen sinne ) als lehnübersetzung
earworm
ins englische fand .
in einem beitrag zur mailingliste der ads vom 04 . 03 . 2005 wird die frage aufgeworfen , wann
earworm
im englischen und
ohrwurm
im deutschen in gebrauch kam . als frühester nachweis für
earworm
wird in dem beitrag die newsday - ausgabe 9 / 18 / 1987 mit einem zitat des saxophonisten bobby watson angeführt :
i like to create little earworms
, he says .
that way people who don ' t know the technical side of the music will start humming
.
i find the figurative
ohrwurm
( german ) at google groups from 1991 , the appropriate english
earworm
from 1993 .
1 ) eine art käfer , dessen schwanz mit einer zange versehen ist , welcher sich auf faulen standen , pflanzen und in der erde aufhält , und welchen man fälschlich in dem bedachte hat , daß er den schlafenden gern in die ohren krieche ;
forficula auricularia l .
zangenkäfer
,
ohrkäfer
,
ohrhöhler
,
öhrling
, nieders .
ohrworm
,
gaffeltange
, in der schweiz
ohrenmittel
,
mittel
, von
made
. so freundlich als ein ohrwurm oder ohrwürmchen , im gemeinen leben , weil dieser käfer im gehen viele schlangenförmige , dem ansehen nach freundliche bewegungen macht . könnte ein ohrwürmchen geschmeidiger seyn ? less .
2 ) auch eine art asseln , welche gleichfalls einen getheilten zangenförmigen schwanz hat ;
scolopendra forficata l .
führet den nahmen des ohrwurmes .
3 ) bey den jägern ist der ohrwurm , ohne plural , eine
krankheit an den ohren der jagdhunde
, welche von einer scharfen feuchtigkeit herrühret , die ihnen die ohrenwund frisset .
da die beyden ersten arten ohrwürmer , den neuern erfahrungen zu folge , die ohren der menschen nicht mehr aufsuchen als ein jedes anderes insekt , so ist sehr wahrscheinlich , daß sie ihren nahmen von ihrem zangenförmigen , einem
öhre
nicht unähnlichen schwanze haben ; ( s .
öhr
und
ohr
2 . 2 ) . die unkunde der wahren bedeutung ihres nahmens hat denn gemacht , daß man ihn so gut zu erklären gesucht , als man konnte , und dieses insect für den gefährlichsten feind des ohres ausgab .
we created this site for those of you that have a song stuck in your head and you can ' t get it out no matter what you do . using the latest in reverse - auditory - melodic - unstickification technology , we ' ve been able to allow our users to “unhear” songs by hearing equally catchy songs . so really all we ' re doing is making you forget your old song by replacing it with another one . . . sorry .
die redensart ,
so freundlich als ein ohrwurm oder ohrwürmchen
, ist daher entstanden , weil dieser käfer im gehen viele schlangenförmige dem ansehen nach freundliche bewegungen macht .
3 ) bey den jägern ist der ohrwurm oder ohrenwurm , eine krankheit an den ohren der jagdhunde , welche von einer scharfen feuchtigkeit herrührt , die ihnen die ohren wund frißt .
word spy has posted a 12 / 22 / 1987 article from the whole earth review , talking about ohrwurms in the figurative sense , so it seems unlikely that the english term could have predated the german term .
. . . i should note that most authorities feel that the
gull
in
gullible
is not a
seagull
( =
möwe
) , but comes from an earlier sense of the word , meaning a
young bird
of any species . and young birds , as you seem to have discovered , are easy to fool . . . .
diese englische redewendung ist verwandt mit dem dt .
einem geschenkten gaul schaut man nicht ins maul
. hinter beiden redewendungen geht es um den zustand der zähne des pferdes . je länger ( und vergibter ) sie sind , umso älter ist das pferd . die englische redewendung bedeutet dabei
i heard it from a reliable source
=
etwas aus erster hand , direkt aus der quelle erfahren
. die deutsche redewendung besagt , dass man bei einem geschenk nicht allzu anspruchsvoll sein soll .
darauf geht auch der ausdruck
long of tooth
zurück , um zu besagen , dass jemand schon recht alt ist ( das zahnfleisch geht zurück = die zähne werden länger ) .
zu den informationen aus dem pferdemaul gibt es aber auch noch eine andere geschichte . die besagt , dass die briten während der napoleonischen kriege prostituierte als informantinnen einsetzten . ihre aufgabe war es wichtige informationen von den französischen offizieren zu erhalten , um sie den englischen
intelligence officers
zu übermitteln .
in den berichten wurden diese informationen mit
i got it straight from the whore ' s mouth .
gekennzeichnet . im laufe der zeit wurde aus
whore ' s mouth
=
mund der hure
das maul des pferdes
horse mouth
.
bei
urltoken
findet man weiter engliche redewendungen , die sich auf
horse
beziehen .
interessant ist z . b . auch die redewendung
to bet on the wrong horse
, das unterschiedliche kulturen erkennen lässt . während man in england auf das falsche pferd wettet , setzt man in deutschland auf die falsche karte .
all of these are unlikely given the early metaphorical uses of cat and dog to signify something noisy and violent . the most likely explanation is the simplest . the noise and violence of a storm is the metaphorical equivalent of a cat and dog fight .
jaywalk
means : to cross a street carelessly or in an illegal manner so as to be endangered by traffic , and dates from 1919 .
jay birds who ventured out of their rural forests and into the urban areas often got confused . they often endangered their lives walking anywhere where they wanted , including into traffic . city people laughed at their strange behavior . so , now anyone who crosses the street in a reckless or illegal way is called a jaywalker ( and is sometimes fined ) .
die engl .
moth
=
nachtfalter
geht mit der dt .
motte
auf eine skand .
mott
=
maggot
=
made
zurück .
der engl .
ox
und der dt .
ochse
gehen auf ein vorgerman .
* ukhson
und ide .
* uksin
zurück .
die bedeutung von ahd .
ohso
soll
samenspritzer
gewesen sein .
die bezeichnung engl .
oxbow
für eine
flussschleife
ist seit 1797 nachweisbar und geht auf das gebogene brustholz , einem teil des geschirrs zurück , das seinen namen seit 1368 hat .
oxen
is the only true survival in mod . eng . of the o . e . weak plural .
oxbow
semicircular bend in a river
is first recorded 1797 , amer . eng . ( new england ) , in ref . to the shape of the piece of wood which forms the collar for an ox yoke ( so called from 1368 ) .
der engl .
petrel
( 1676
pitteral
, 1703
petrel
by dampier ) könnte auf den apostel
petrus
zurückgehen . dieser soll ähnlich dem dt .
sturmvogel
über das wasser geschwebt sein . wenn es sich dabei nicht um eine fehldeutung handelt , dann ist engl .
petrel
eine verkleinerungsform von
petrus
, etwa
peterle
.
die
bajo - nuevo - bank
wurde auch als
petrelinsel
bezeichnet - vielleicht fand man hier eine große anzahl sturmvögel vor .
the atlantic petrel is one of the largest gadfly petrels ( pterodroma species ) , recognised by its striking white breast and abdomen . . . more 12 images 1 video
discovered as recently as 1963 , barau ' s petrel remains fairly unknown due to its inaccessible and remote breeding habitat on just . . . more 4 images 0 videos
diablotin ( little devil ) was the name given to the black - capped petrel by the caribbean islanders whose nights were commonly . . . more 4 images 0 videos
cook ' s petrel , named in honour of the formidable explorer captain james cook , is one of the smallest petrels , a group of oceanic . . . more 5 images 0 videos
a medium - sized seabird with long wings , the galapagos petrel is greyish - black across the upperparts , and white on the forehead and . . . more 3 images 3 videos
despite being called petrels , procellaria species are thought to be more closely related to calonectris shearwaters than to other . . . more 7 images 0 videos
petrels are oceanic birds , with broad webbed feet suited to their aquatic lifestyle , and long wings that enable them to fly great . . . more 8 images 6 videos
somewhat resembling a penguin , the peruvian diving - petrel is a small and tubby black and white bird that flies low and fast with . . . more 3 images 1 video
the providence petrel is a robust seabird confined to two small islands off the east coast of australia . its plumage is almost . . . more 2 images 1 video
the southern giant petrel is , as the name suggests , a very large bird , with impressive long , pointed wings and a huge bill . like . . . more 22 images 8 videos
this small petrel belongs to a group of oceanic birds that return to land only to breed . the name petrel comes from the latin . . . more 7 images 3 videos
this large , marine bird is extremely similar in appearance to the white - chinned petrel ; both are bulky , almost entirely black , with . . . more 5 images 1 video
this large , bulky bird spends nearly all its time at sea , and has many adaptations for this oceanic life style . its plumage . . . more 7 images 0 videos
the stormy petrel . so named , according to tradition , from the italian petrello ( little peter ) , in allusion to st . peter , who walked on the sea .
petrelle
, ein feuerwerksstück , welches eigentlich eine pastillienhülse , und ungefähr 1 fuß lang ist . ehe man solche mit gekörntem pulver füllet , drückt man sie , aber nicht so stark , breit zusammen , bis auf die gegend , wo man den trichter hineinsteckt , durch welchen das kornpulver laufen muß . wenn sie nun gefüllet ist , so legt man sie auf den tisch , und rollet mit einem runden holze darüber , damit das gekörnte pulver zerdrückt werde ; alsdann beuget man sie nicht in die runde zusammen , sondern leget sie in einen zickzack , oder schlangenweise , und bindet sie in der mitte mit einem faden fest auf einander . in das umgebundene ende steckt man eine stapine oder communication , zündet sie an , und wirft sie auf den boden , auf welchem sie herum springt , platzt und kracht .
amateur or specialist , mammals ' planet offers several thematic access to discover the mammals on the planet .
information on the classification , status , the distribution on the planet . . .
mammals are classified in 27 to 29 orders , 145 families , 1272 genus , . . .
this selection list introduced mammal species , grouped by the principle of comparative anatomy , morphological similarity and geographical location . ( see the menu taxinomy , for more information on the classification of mammals ) .
scientists consider that a species is distinct by the fact that it can not reproduce with each other . this list shows all the species listed by their common name .
das altnorw .
hreinn
hat die bedeutung
horn
,
geweih
+
dýri
=
tier
.
middle english
reindere
: old norse
hreinn
,
reindeer
; see
ker -
in appendix i + middle english
der
=
animal
; see
deer
.
das engl .
reindeer
= dt .
rentier
ist eigentlich ein
weisser schimmel
, da schwed .
ren
schon
rentier
heißt . das aus nordischen sprachen stammende
ren
ist eine hirschart , die in diesen unwirtlichen gegenden ( polargegend ) vorkommt . im deutschen wurden aus den
rens
bzw . den
renen
die
rentiere
, das schwed .
ren
zu
rentier
.
eine mögliche
übersetzung
von
rentier
wäre etwa
geweih - tier
.
da es heute oft mit kurzem vokal gesprochen wird , gibt es der fälschlichen vermutung nahrung , dass es sich um ein
renn - tier
handelt .
auch die im englischen naheliegende
übersetzung
als
gezügeltes tier
( engl .
rein
=
zügel
) ist eine volksetymologische deutung .
möglich wäre ein zusammenhang mit griech .
krios
=
widder
.
i know about 1 , 200 words for reindeer - we classify them by age , sex , color , antlers ,
said nils isak eira , who manages a herd of 2 , 000 reindeer in north norway .
the word
caribou
derives from the micmac word
galipu
and entered english in the 1660s . presumably , english - speaking hunters in north america adopted this native american word without realizing that the species already had a perfectly good english name in
reindeer
.
etymology : today ' s word
rentier
was imported from old norse
hreindýri
from
hreinn
=
reindeer
, the more usual name for the animal +
dýr
=
deer
. also swedish
rendjur
or just
ren
, da .
rensdyr
, dutch
rendier
, german
rentier
.
the middle english word
deer
, referred to all animals , as does its german cousin
tier
=
animal
.
old norwegian and old icelandic
hreinn
=
reindeer
comes from the same pie root as
horn
.
der
wort - detektiv
weist auch auf den
weisser schimmel
- charakter des wortes hin .
reindeer
first appeared in middle english ( as
rayne - dere
) way back around 1400 ( if not earlier , records from the period being a bit spotty , of course ) . even though the word is very old , the second element is definitely our modern word
deer
. the
rein
part derives from the old norse
hreinn
, which was simply the norse word for the animal . so the combination
reindeer
actually amounts to
reindeer deer
.
two of santa ' s reindeer were originally named
dunder
and
blixem
, not
donner
and
blitzen
.
die namen der rentiere von santa claus sind :
rudolph
( the red - nosed reindeer ) ,
dasher
,
dancer
,
prancer
,
vixen
,
comet
,
cupid
,
donder
( oder
donner
) und
blixen
( oder
blitzen
) .
insbesondere um die namen der beiden letzten ranken sich einige sprachliche legenden . sicher ist wohl , dass sie ursprünglich
dunder
und
blixem
hießen und erst später in
donner
und
blitzen
umbenannt wurden .
the story of how two reindeer named
dunder
and
blixem
became
donner
and
blitzen
is a complicated and confusing one , in part because a good deal of mystery remains about the origins of the poem that named them ,
a visit from saint nicholas .
we ' ll do our best here to trace the history of how the poem - and the names of two reindeer - changed over time .
claim : the character
rudolph the red - nosed reindeer
was created for the montgomery ward group of department stores .
der engl .
rentier
( den man gelegentlich auch als dt .
rentier
( mensch ) antreffen kann ) hat mit dem dt .
rentier
( tier ) allerdings nichts zu tun . der engl .
rentier
und der dt .
rentner
=
ruheständler
gehen zurück auf frz .
rente
=
jährliches einkommen
und weiter auf lat .
reddere
=
zurückgeben
.
in nordengland wurde die bürgerinitiative
sos
=
save our squirrels
gegründet , um die roten gegen die aus den usa
eingewanderten
grauen eichhörnchen zu schützen .
save our squirrels is the largest single - species conservation project taking place in the uk at present . launched in july 2006 , the project has the remit to deliver red squirrel conservation , information , and access projects in northumberland , cumbria , north yorkshire , and north merseyside .
der engl .
petrel
könnte auf den apostel
petrus
zurückgehen . dieser soll ähnlich dem dt .
sturmvogel
über das wasser geschwebt sein . wenn es sich dabei nicht um eine fehldeutung handelt , dann ist engl .
petrel
eine verkleinerungsform von
petrus
, etwa
peterle
.
sein vorname
stormy
könnte darauf zurück gehen , dass diese vögel während eines sturms gerne schiffe umflogen in der hoffnung auf kleinere organismen aufnehmen zu können .
der
stormy petrel
( frz .
pétrel - tempête
) wird auch im übertragenen sinn als
schlechtes zeichen
oder auch für einen
streitbaren menschen
benutzt .
den
stormy petrel
gibt es auch im übertragenen sinn , als
schlechtes omen
,
schlechte vorahnung
.
. . . the term
stormy petrel
in general usage anm . : als
schlechtes zeichen
) has come to refer to a harbinger of trouble ; perhaps people believed that the bird was seen just before a storm . . . .
the complete stormy petrels list , categorized by part of speech , is now available in html format . if you have new entries to add , send them to me . and let me know if you think something on the list doesn ' t belong there .
hier gibt der autor jed hartman dem
stormy petrel
noch eine weitere übertragen bedeutung als sprachliche kategorie . seine
stormy petrels list
enthält wortverbindungen in denen mindestens ein wort auf das vorhandensein eines anderen wortes angewiesen ist . ich weiß , das mir auch im deutschen schon des öfteren solche wortverbindungen aufgefallen sind . im moment fällt mir nur der
nießer
ein , der immer einen
nutzen
haben muß , der
nutznießer
- oder umgekehrt als
nießnutz
=
nutzungsrecht
, wörtlich
genießungs ( - recht )
.
concept and registry by elliott moreton . items provided by elliott moreton except where otherwise noted . page maintained by jed hartman .
sooner or later i ' ll mark each of the petrels as
first - tier ,
second - tier ,
or
joke ,
as defined by elliott on the comments page . in the mean time , you ' ll have to figure out which category each item is in on your own .
all petrels are stormy ( except , of course , those that aren ' t . this item remains on the list for historical reasons . )
stormy petrel
is an alteration of earlier
pitteral
, probably so named in allusion to
st . peter ' s walking on the sea
, from the fact that the bird flies close to the water in order to feed on surface - swimming organisms and ship ' s refuse ; called
stormy
because in a storm the birds surround a ship to catch small organisms which rise to the surface of the rough seas ; when the storm ceases they are no longer seen .
the word
underdog
is said to have originated in a 19th - century song or poem by david barker (
the under - dog in the fight
) . can anyone supply any information about when this barker text was first published , and whether it was a song or a poem ?
. . . apparently his first well - known poem was published in the new york evening post in 1854 ( it says here ) .
barker ' s book
poems
was published in 1876 , apparently . no copy is immediately available to me . presumably the poem in question ( whether or not it ' s in this book ) was published in a periodical at some earlier date .
the poem
the under - dog in the fight
was apparently well known . this expression apparently was taken up by mark twain ( i don ' t know what date ) . i don ' t know whether it began with barker or whether it was already a stock phrase before his poem .
1862 : dennar stuart ,
camp - meeting in tennessee
, in harper ' s 26 ( 151 ) : 97 - 102 : p . 100 :
and , bretheren , you and i know that occasionally , if not oftener , i ' ve been the under - dog in the fight . . . .
the distribution of the species is not fully known . according to the study by w . verheyen et al . , the species is found in west africa from the lower reaches of the congo river in eastern democratic republic of the congo and in east africa from uganda through western kenya to northern tanzania . however it remains to be seen whether l . ansorgei extends from east africa along the northern and southern rim of the congolese central forest block to the lower reaches of the congo river , or the range along the lower congo is a historical range of the species .
the species was first identified as l . ansorgei in mumias , nyanza province in 1896 . it is usually included in l . sicapusi , but w . verheyen et al . consider it as a distinct species in their study . l . manteufeli ( matschie , 1911 ) and l . pyrrhus ( heller , 1911 ) are considered synonyms of l . ansorgei by mammal species of the world .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
dicrostonyx exsul allen , g . m . , 1919 - st . lawrence island collared lemming
polyplax meridionalis johnson , 1962 * ( type host ? perhaps a . spinosissimus )
hoplopleura himalayana mishra , kulkarni and bhat , 1973 * ( host sp . ? )
apodemus hermonensis filippucci , simson , and nevo , 1989 - mt . hermon field mouse
polyplax humae khan and khan , 1985 * ( host ? , perhaps millardia sp . )
hoplopleura sinhgarh mishra , bhat , and kulkarni , 1972 * ( mus sp . )
vernaya fulva ( allen , g . m . , 1927 ) - red climbing mouse
macrotarsomys bastardi milne - edwards and g . grandidier , 1898 - bastard big - footed mouse
akodon affinis ( allen , j . a . , 1912 ) - colombian grass mouse
akodon urichi allen , j . a . and chapman , 1897 - northern grass mouse
neotoma anthonyi allen , j . a . , 1898 - anthony ' s woodrat
osgoodomys banderanus ( allen , j . a . , 1897 ) - michoacan deer mouse
peromyscus difficilis ( allen , j . a . , 1891 ) - zacatecan deer mouse
peromyscus furvus allen , j . a . and chapman , 1897 - blackish deer mouse
peromyscus melanotis allen , j . a . and chapman , 1897 - black - eared mouse
peromyscus nasutus ( allen , j . a . , 1891 ) - northern rock mouse
peromyscus yucatanicus allen , j . a . and chapman , 1897 - yucatan deer mouse
phyllotis osilae allen , j . a . , 1901 - bunchgrass leaf - eared mouse
reithrodontomys gracilis allen , j . a . and chapman , 1897 - slender harvest mouse
rhipidomys couesi ( allen , j . a . and chapman , 1893 ) - coue ' s climbing mouse
rhipidomys ochrogaster allen , j . a . , 1901 - yellow - bellied climbing mouse
thomasomys cinereiventer allen , j . a . , 1912 - ashy - bellied oldfield mouse .
thomasomys rosalinda thomas and st . leger , 1926 - roslanda ' s oldfield mouse