the abert 's towhee ( melozone aberti ) is a bird of the family emberizidae , native to a small range in southwestern north america , generally the lower colorado river and gila river watersheds , nearly endemic to arizona , but also present in small parts of california , nevada , utah , new mexico , and sonora in mexico .

the name of this bird commemorates the american ornithologist james william abert ( 1820 – 1897 ) .

abert ' s towhee

a pair of abert ' s towhee ' s that like me a lot .
flight : abert’s towhee performs rapid wing beats , alternated with wings pulled to sides .
abert ' s towhee , adult , ca , february . ; photographer kevin t . karlson
abert ' s towhee was named by spencer baird in 1852 for lt . james william abert , who obtained the first specimen .
a very large sparrow , abert ' s towhee inhabits riparian corridors in the sonoran desert of arizona . plain and rather secretive , abert ' s towhee stays in its breeding range year - round .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto abert’s towhee’s call is a sharp “peek” . song is a rapid series of “peek” notes .
the abert ' s towhee has a fairly small range of 170 , 000 square kilometers . it occurs in
range : abert’s towhee is resident in its range all year round . it breeds in arizona and northern mexico .
protection / threats / status : abert’s towhee is threatened by fragmentation of riparian habitat and populations declined of as much as 50 % , due to habitat loss . abert’s towhee is a host of brown - headed cowbird , which parasitizes its nest . eggs and chicks are often preyed upon by snakes . the american ornithologist james william abert found the first bird , named abert’s towhee in his honour .
habitat : the abert ' s towhee is found in mesquite bosques and cottonwood - willow associations with an understory of dense shrubs .
the abert ' s towhee was named by spencer baird in 1852 for lt . james william abert , who obtained the first specimen . the abert ' s towhee forages for insects and seeds by scratching on the ground . it is known , however , to sometimes probe low on tree trunks for insects .
abert ' s towhee , or pipilo aberti , is a large , stocky , shy sparrow . the abert ' s towhee has one of the smallest total distributions of any u . s . birds species , making it much sought after by birders who travel to the southwest desert to observe it .
abert ' s towhee in pima county : at one time , many of the riparian habitats of pima county were home to the abert ' s towhee . the destruction of these habitats has caused a decline in the populations of the towhee . protection and restoration of the remaining riparian habitats are important for the towhee , as well as many other species of animals .
habitat : abert’s towhee lives in desert woodlands , streamside thickets , at low altitude . it is also found in suburban yards and orchards .
abert ' s towhee inhabits dense brush and woodlands along sonoran desert rivers and streams in arizona and surrounding states . spencer baird described this species in 1852 (
the abert ' s towhee has one of the smallest total distributions of any u . s . birds species , making it much sought after by birders who travel to the southwest desert to observe it .
the oldest abert ' s towhee on record was at least 8 years and 7 months old , when it was recaptured and rereleased during a banding operation in arizona .
abert ' s towhee : found primarily in the colorado and gila river valleys in arizona and parts of california , nevada , utah , and new mexico . generally prefers desert
( s . f . baird , 1852 ) – sw usa in s arizona and sw new mexico .
general description : abert ' s towhees ( melozone aberti ) are large , sexually monomorphic sparrows . abert ' s are light brown overall with a black mask and reddish - orange under the tail ( rusty red under - tail coverts ) .
reproduction : abert’s towhee’s nest is built in a shrub at about 2 , 5 metres high , but often close to the ground . nest is an open cup made with bits of bark , leaves and vines . it is lined with grasses and hair .
the abert ' s towhee is a large sparrow with gray - brown upper parts and pinkish - brown underparts . the face is dark brown with a light bill . unlike many birds , the plumage between the sexes is identical .
range : the abert ' s towhee occurs in brushy riparian habitat within the lower sonora zone . it occurs in southeastern california , southern nevada , southwestern utah , central arizona , southwestern new mexico , and northern sonora . in arizona , the towhee can be found in suitable habitat along rivers , streams , and washes .
status : the abert ' s towhee has experienced a population decline over the last 150 years , most likely due to habitat loss . many riparian areas , preferred habitat for the towhee , have been cleared or altered by human use . lowered water tables have dried streams and reduced the dense vegetation . salt cedar , an invasive exotic species , provides less than optimal habitat and now covers much of the towhees ' range . the abert ' s towhee is experiencing much of the same habitat loss as the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher and would benefit from habitat protection for the endangered species . 1
tweit , robert c . ; finch , deborah m . 1994 . abert ' s towhee : pipilo aberti . in : poole , a . , ed . the birds of north america online . ithaca , ny : cornell lab of ornithology . online : urltoken
habitat loss has evidently led to widespread reduction in abert ' s towhee populations in most of its historical range , however since 1966 populations of abert towhee appear to be stable , according to the north american breeding bird survey . partners in flight estimates a global breeding population of 800 , 000 birds , with 98 % occurring in the u . s . , and 2 % in mexico . they rate an 11 out of 20 on the continental concern score and are not on the 2014 state of the birds watch list , although they are a u . s . - canada stewardship species . back to top
tweit , robert c . and d . m . finch . 1994 . abert ' s towhee ( melozone aberti ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .
where to find : abert ' s are not common , but check for them at red rock canyon nca , corn creek on the desert national wildlife range , and the henderson bird viewing preserve .
unlike the song of spotted towhee ( pipilo maculatus ) , the song of this towhee is rarely heard . the species ' most characteristic vocalization is the squeal duet given simultaneously by both sexes upon reunion—a call used most often during the long breeding season to promote and maintain a close pair bond . this close and prolonged pair bond allows abert ' s towhee to initiate nesting rapidly in response to changes in weather or food supply , to minimize the nesting period , and to renest quickly after nest failure in an environment where rates of predation and parasitism are high .
the preferred streamside habitat of abert ' s towhee¿the brushy understory of cottonwood ( populus fremonti ) - willow ( salix goodingii ) gallery forests and mesquite ( prosopis spp . ) bosques¿has been cleared and otherwise altered by people , starting with native americans , primarily for agricultural fields and cattle grazing . although this towhee has adapted to some urban and shrubland habitats created by people , including irrigation ditches , these do not equal the extent of habitat lost .
the preferred streamside habitat of abert ' s towhee—the brushy understory of cottonwood ( populus fremonti ) - willow ( salix goodingii ) gallery forests and mesquite ( prosopis spp . ) bosques—has been cleared and otherwise altered by people , starting with native americans , primarily for agricultural fields and cattle grazing . although this towhee has adapted to some urban and shrubland habitats created by people , including irrigation ditches , these do not equal the extent of habitat lost .
unlike the song of the rufous - sided towhee ( pipilo erythrophthalmus ) , the song of this towhee is rarely heard . the species ' most characteristic vocalization is the squeal duet given simultaneously by both sexes upon reunion¿a call used most often during the long breeding season to promote and maintain a close pair bond . this close and prolonged pair bond allows abert ' s towhee to initiate nesting rapidly in response to changes in weather or food supply , to minimize the nesting period , and to renest quickly after nest failure in an environment where rates of predation and parasitism are high .
mitochondrial dna analysis indicates that of the three brown towhees of the american southwest , california and abert ' s are the most closely related , even though california and canyon towhees were once considered a single species .
these are among the very first birds of early morning to begin calling to each other - often with the very first hint of dawn light in the east . abert ' s towhee visit bird feeders with seed and also eat fallen fruit such as dates and olives . when feeding they use their feet to kick away loose leaves and debris exposing hidden beetles , grubs and seeds . a similar bird found mostly in the foothills in more open habitat is the canyon towhee .
reproduction : abert ' s towhees are monogamous and usually mate for life . the mated pair has a year - round territory which serves as its foraging ground and nesting area . abert ' s towhees have two broods per year , usually during the spring and late summer . the female lays two to five eggs which are pale blue with dark brown markings . a new brood is started about nine weeks after the first nest is started .
abert ' s towhee has heavy legs typical of a ground forager , and it spends almost all of the nonbreeding season scratching for insects and seeds or perching in low shrubs or tree branches . its flights , which account for less than 5 % of its daylight hours , are short and low , usually to perch sites , including wall tops in suburban habitats .
along streams in the desert southwest , a sharp pinging note in the thickets announces the presence of abert ' s towhee . if an observer tries to approach , a pair of these towhees may stay just ahead and out of sight , calling in an odd squealing duet when pressed too closely . when undisturbed , they feed on the ground under dense bushes , scratching among the leaf - litter . many southwestern
specialty birds
have extensive ranges in the tropics , but this towhee barely gets across the border into northwestern mexico .
1 . tweit , r . c . , and d . m . finch . 1996 . abert ' s towhee ( pipilo alberti ) . the birds of north america , no . 111 ( a . poole and f . gill , eds . ) . the academy of natural sciences , philadelphia , pa , and the american ornithologists ' union , washington , d . c .
description : abert’s towhee has black face . upperparts are cinnamon - brown . underparts are paler grey - brown , with rusty - brown vent . tail is long and dark , with cinnamon undertail coverts . bill is conical and pale grey . eyes are black . legs and feet are pinkish brown . both sexes are similar . juvenile is similar to adult , slightly streaked on chest .
tell congress and the department of the interior to uphold the country ' s most important bird protection law .
) and named it for lt . james william abert , u . s . army ( 1820–1897 ) , who obtained the specimen as a result of a survey of new mexico at the end of the mexican war . abert , a west point graduate , served in the topographical engineers and retired from the army after the civil war with the rank of lt . colonel (
this sparrow is found primarily in the colorado and gila river valleys in arizona and parts of california , nevada , utah , and new mexico . it generally prefers desert riparian and desert wash habitats . the preferred habitat includes dense vegetation , including thickets of willow , cottonwood , mesquite , and saltcedar . but , abert ' s towhee is also found in cities or suburbs in exotic plantings .
rising , j . ( 2018 ) . abert ' s towhee ( melozone aberti ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
after an extended period of dry weather , rain during the breeding season can produce a peak in nesting activity within two weeks . the extended breeding season and tight pair bond enable some abert ' s towhees to produce two broods a year in an inhospitable environment , although as many as six nest attempts may be required . a female can lay the first egg of a new clutch one week after the loss of a nest . cowbird parasitism reduces towhee reproductive success , but few young cowbirds are raised because some towhees abandon nests with cowbird eggs and because cowbird nestlings are generally much smaller then their towhee nestmates .
( van rossem , 1946 ) – sw usa from sw utah s through colorado valley in se nevada to se california , and e along gila r in s arizona , also extreme nw mexico ( extreme n baja california and nw sonora ) .
desert streams , brush , mesquite . typically found in dense brush near water in arid lowlands , as in streamside thickets , edges of ponds or irrigation ditches , understory of cottonwood - willow groves , even riverside marshes . in some areas ( such as around phoenix ) , comes into yards in well - watered suburbs . overlaps in habitat with canyon towhee in some places , but abert ' s stays closer to water in dense cover , avoiding dry open hillsides .
this article was written and prepared by u . s . government employees on official time , and is therefore in the public domain .
vegetation in desert habitats of arizona and parts of adjacent nevada , california , utah , new mexico , and mexico . the global breeding population of this bird species is estimated to be around 800 , 000 individuals . at the current time , it is not believed that the population trends of this species will soon approach the minimum level which would indicate a potential decline . as a result of these population trends , abert ' s towhee at this time has a conservation rating of least concern .
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behaviour : abert’s towhee feeds on the ground , scratching soil with feet to catch invertebrates and seeds lying under the leaf litter , and then well exposed and easy to find . it also may probes bark on low trunks . it forages in thick understory . it is a secretive bird , staying in its breeding range all year round . it prefers to stay well - hidden under bushes , and disappear into bush when intruder approaches . pairs usually remain bonded for life . they are monogamous and solitary nesters . they have the same territory all year round , to forage and to nest .
) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
members of this family are for the most part common birds with plenty of available habitat . passerellidae species that have declined and are endangered in many parts of their range are those that require grasslands , such as the grasshopper and henslow ' s sparrows , and one species , the bachman ' s sparrow , which requires open pine forests with a grassy understory .
in mammalian and avian model species , neuropeptide y ( npy ) simultaneously promotes feeding behavior and suppresses the secretion of reproductive hormones , thereby modulating the resource allocation trade - off between investing in essential somatic processes or in the reproductive system . investigations into this dual role of npy in birds have focused on domesticated species and , to our knowledge , no study has examined this role in songbirds . we determined whether npy treatment acutely regulates feeding behavior and activity of the reproductive system in a male songbird , the abert ' s towhee , melozone aberti . intracerebroventricular ( icv ) administration of npy promoted behaviors associated with feeding ( decreased latency to initiate pecking in the food bowl , increased number of feeding bouts following treatment , and increased number of pecks into the food bowl during each feeding bout ) , and it stimulated hopping and drinking behavior . by contrast , we found no effect of npy treatment on plasma testosterone secretion 60 min after treatment . these results suggest that in male abert ' s towhees npy stimulates feeding behavior , but provide no evidence that this peptide concurrently influences testosterone secretion .
lutmerding , j . a . and a . s . love . longevity records of north american birds . version 2015 . 2 . patuxent wildlife research center , bird banding laboratory 2015 .
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recent analysis of mitochondrial genes suggests that the predominantly brown towhees—california , abert ' s , canyon , and white - throated—are more closely related to the melozone ground - sparrows than they are to the predominantly black or green towhees . as a result , “brown towhees” are now placed in the genus melozone . see the 51st supplement to the aou checklist of north american birds for details . future revisions of this account will reflect these changes .
recent analysis of mitochondrial genes suggests that the predominantly brown towhees¿california , abert ' s , canyon , and white - throated¿are more closely related to the melozone ground - sparrows than they are to the predominantly black or green towhees . as a result ,
brown towhees
are now placed in the genus melozone . see the 51st supplement to the aou checklist of north american birds for details . future revisions of this account will reflect these changes .
because this nonmigratory towhee spends most of its life on a permanent territory concealed by dense shrubs , it is thought to be secretive and is most often detected by its call notes . in interactions with other birds , however , it is bold and aggressive and where it finds suitable habitat in suburban environments it is often oblivious of humans .
this bird lays two to five blue white eggs with dark brown speckles . they are laid in a nest made of forbs , bark pieces , leaves , and vines lined with dead grass and mammal hair . the nest is usually built in a tree or bush , often 25 to 30 feet above the ground . the female towhee incubates eggs for about 14 days .
molecular analysis indicates that present species and m . crissalis are sister - taxa . geographical variation clinal ; species perhaps better treated as monotypic . proposed race vorhiesi ( described from c . 15 km s of tucson , in arizona ) treated as synonym of dumeticolus . two subspecies recognized .
the worthen ' s sparrow is an enigmatic species historically recorded in the southwestern united states . rare , little known , and difficult to find in its known mexican range , this species may be more adapted to grassland habitats that have disappeared or been drastically altered since european settlement . one of the most commonly seen sparrows in the united states , the house sparrow , is not a member of this family and , as an imported species , is actually more closely related to african weaver finches and european sparrows than north american sparrows .
the introduction article is just the first of 11 articles in each species account that provide life history information for the species . the remaining articles provide detailed information regarding distribution , migration , habitat , diet , sounds , behavior , breeding , current population status and conservation . each species account also includes a multimedia section that displays the latest photos , audio selections and videos from macaulay library’s extensive galleries . written and continually updated by acknowledged experts on each species , birds of north america accounts include a comprehensive bibliography of published research on the species .
cottonwood and willow woodlands , with dense shrubs , along desert streams and rivers . back to top
a large open cup of leaves , bark , and weed stems , located in trees or shrubs .
scratches on the ground ; sometimes probes bark on low trunks like a nuthatch . back to top
north american bird conservation initiative . 2014 . the state of the birds 2014 report . us department of interior , washington , dc , usa .
sauer , j . r . , j . e . hines , j . e . fallon , k . l . pardieck , jr . ziolkowski , d . j . and w . a . link . the north american breeding bird survey , results and analysis 1966 - 2013 ( version 1 . 30 . 15 ) . usgs patuxtent wildlife research center 2014b . available from urltoken
sibley , d . a . ( 2014 ) . the sibley guide to birds , second edition . alfred a . knopf , new york , usa .
still very common in parts of its limited range . could be vulnerable to loss of streamside habitat .
forages mostly on the ground , often scratching with both feet . also forages on bark at base of trees , and in low bushes . members of a pair often forage together .
1 - 4 , usually 3 . pale blue or whitish with markings of dark brown and black . incubation is apparently by female only , about 14 days . young : both parents feed the nestlings . young leave nest about 12 - 13 days after hatching , before they are full - grown , but unable to fly for another week ; tended by parents for a month or more . often 2 broods per year .
both parents feed the nestlings . young leave nest about 12 - 13 days after hatching , before they are full - grown , but unable to fly for another week ; tended by parents for a month or more . often 2 broods per year .
mostly insects and seeds . insects make up majority of diet , especially in summer ; major items include beetles , ants , caterpillars , grasshoppers , and cicadas . also eats many seeds , including those of saltbush , weeds , and grasses .
members of pair remain together all year on permanent territories ; courtship and pair formation may occur at any season , but nesting is mainly march through july . both members of pair evidently defend nesting territory . nest site is in dense shrub or tree such as mesquite , willow , baccharis , or elderberry , often well hidden within clump of mistletoe ; usually 5 - 8 ' above the ground , but can be higher . nest ( built by female ) is a bulky open cup , loosely made of weeds , bark strips , grass , leaves , vines , lined with dry grass and sometimes hair .
call is a single bell - like note . song resembles a rapid series of call notes .
audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .
tell congress to oppose a harmful rider that threatens sage - grouse and other wildlife .
bna account authors : tweit , r . c . , and d . m . finch
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short flights , alternates rapid wing beats with wings pulled to sides . may be difficult to spot because it prefers to stay well - hidden under bushes .
and desert wash habitats . preferred habitat includes dense vegetation , including thickets of willow , cottonwood , mesquite , and saltcedar ; also found in cities or suburbs in exotic plantings .
song is a series of squeaky
chip
notes on the same pitch .
they are threatened by cowbird nest parasitism and habitat loss , although some have successfully colonized suburban environments in the phoenix , arizona area . they may also be seen on the campus of arizona state university .
they are an inconspicuous bird because they forage in thick undergrowth and rarely fly any great distance .
a group of towhees are collectively known as a
tangle
and a
teapot
of towhees .
most of the small birds such as the finches , wood - warblers , and sparrows are members of the one hundred and forty - two families found in the largest taxonomic order of birds ; the passeriformes ( pronounced pas - ser - i - for - meez ) .
the new world sparrows and related birds are placed in the passerellidae ( pronounced pass - ur - el - ih - dee ) , a group of one hundred and thirty species in twenty - six genera only found in the new world .
eighty - two species of new world sparrows and towhees in twenty - six genera are found in north america .
members of this family are known for their terrestrial behavior , cheery songs , and in the case of sparrows , challenges to their identification due to similarities in appearance of several species . dark - eyed juncos and various other species are also well known visitors to feeders during the winter months .
members of the passerellidae are small , plump birds with short , finch - like bills adapted to cracking open seeds . their wings are generally short and their tails and legs average in length .
in general , bright colors are not a hallmark of this family although some species do show patches of bright orange and red - brown . brown , white , and gray plumages with streaked and spotted patterns are commonplace for the primarily dull colored sparrows . however there are exceptions , such as the boldly patterned plumages of black , white , and tan plumages displayed by the juncos , and the vibrant black and burnt orange of the towhees .
at least one species of passerellidae can be found in most every habitat in north america . most species are birds of weedy fields , scrub , second growth , and non - forest habitats such as desert , grassland , and marsh . the few species adapted to woodlands frequent the thick undergrowth at forest openings and edges .
like other short distance migrants , most members of this family migrate later in fall , earlier in spring , and often show up at feeders during the winter . some species , such as the fox sparrow , practice
leap frog
migration with more northerly populations migrating further south in the winter .
outside of the breeding season , sparrows and other members of this family flock together for protection from predators . all are generally terrestrial birds that forage on the ground for seeds and arthropods .
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relating to or living or located on the bank of a natural watercourse ( as a river ) or sometimes of a lake or a tidewater .
small feathers that cover the areas where the retrices ( tail feathers ) attach to the rump .
the front part of the head consisting of the bill , eyes , cheeks and chin .
birds do not have two separate cavities for excrement and reproduction like humans do . in birds , there is one single entrance / exit that suits both functions called the vent , cloaca or anus .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
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this species occupies suitable riparian habitat below 1 , 300 m within the shaded area . this species is essentially sedentary year - round .
american ornithologists ' union . 1983 . check - list of north american birds , 6th ed . washington , d . c : am . ornithol . union . close
mearns , b . c . and r . f . mearns . 1992a . audubon to xántus : the lives of those commemorated in north american bird names . new york : academic press . close
) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( a . f . poole and f . b . gill , editors ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
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a guide to the birds of mexico and northern central america by steve n . g . howell , sophie webb - oxford university press - isbn : 0198540124
female lays 2 to 5 pale blue eggs . incubation lasts about 14 days , by female . chicks hatch altricial , and fledge at about 12 to 13 days of age . this species produces 2 broods per year , the second starting nine weeks after the first .
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grayish - brown upperparts . buffy underparts . black facial area surrounds pale conical bill . dark eye . rusty undertail coverts . long tail . juvenile ( spring to fall ) lightly spotted below . sexes similar . 8 to 9 inches in length .
desert thickets ( especially mesquite and cottonwood - willow ) , farms , orchards , and urban areas .
3 - 4 pale blue - green eggs with markings concentrated at the large end . the eggs have a ? day incubation period . fledging occurs in 12 - 13 days . the nest is a large open cup made from leaves , bark , and weed stems , and is built close to the ground in a bush or tree . nesting pairs generally stay bonded for life .
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note : all distances , elevations , and other facts are approximate . ; last updated 130918
this wary bird was partially obscured from view by some vegetation . nonetheless the conical bill , black facial mask , and long tail are clearly visible . observed at gilbert riparian preserve , gilbert , arizona , usa . 14 feb . 2009 . rich ditch has managed a much clearer photo .
distinguishing characteristics : mostly plain brown to gray in color . small black mask on face around bill . sturdy sparrow - beak . long tail . a bit of tawny color on underside of rump . large , but slightly smaller than a robin .
these large sparrows prefer habitats with thick vegetation with partial shade . for example in gallery forests along riparian streams and mesquite bosques . irrigated yards and orchards in the greater phoenix , arizona area are suitable habitat . despite the thousands of stray / loose house cats in the cities of the sonoran desert these birds are able to survive and nest on the ground . one way they do this is to almost always work in pairs as they search for food on the ground . one of the pair will always be more intent on watching for danger and the two stay in constant contact via short , sharp calls . on spotting even the remotest danger they give a sharper call that warns the other and they both fly up and into cover away from danger .
20–23 cm ; 38·9–55·6 g . large , long - tailed sparrow with relatively uniform appearance . nominate race has lower forehead , lores and chin black , rest . . .
song a rather sharp series of notes , “peep peep chee - chee - chee” , “ sleep cleep . . .
diet on lower colorado r principally insects : in winter 73 % of diet was insects , and in summer 96 % . beetles ( coleoptera ) especially taken , . . .
season mar–sept ; usually double - brooded . pair - bond maintained retained throughout year . nest built by female , taking c . 1 week , a . . .
not globally threatened . classified as “rare” in the usa ( yellow watchlist priority species for conservation ) . much of this species’ preferred streamside . . .
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formerly included in a broader emberizidae . recent phylogeny # r has recovered evidence of eight major clades within this newly recognized grouping : ( i ) melospiza and allies ; ( ii and iii ) melozone , atlapetes , pipilo and allies , which form two sister - clades ; ( iv ) zonotrichia , junco and allies ; and ( v–viii ) all other species , which form a polytomy at base of tree , but can be split into ( a ) arremon , ( b ) spizella , amphispiza , chondestes and calamospiza , ( c ) peucaea , arremonops , ammodramus and rhynchospiza , and finally ( d ) two genera that have often been placed in thraupidae , oreothraupis and chlorospingus .
includes pyrgisoma , which is an objective junior synomym of melozone , the two having same type species ; thus previous use of both genera in hbw and elsewhere was erroneous . one subgroup ( m . fusca , m . albicollis , m . crissalis and m . aberti ) previously placed in pipilo , but subsequently moved to join m . kieneri in kieneria ( or erroneously pyrgisoma ) # r . recent comprehensive molecular phylogeny # r indicates that such generic separation is not required , an action already taken by some authors # r ; present genus is potentially paraphyletic with respect to aimophila , so further data required for clarification # r .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
regulation of feeding behavior and plasma testosterone in response to central neuropeptide y administration in a songbird . - pubmed - ncbi
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
j exp zool a ecol genet physiol . 2015 aug ; 323 ( 7 ) : 478 - 86 . doi : 10 . 1002 / jez . 1943 . epub 2015 jun 7 .
regulation of feeding behavior and plasma testosterone in response to central neuropeptide y administration in a songbird .
it has a distinct black face , pale gray bill , gray - brown upperparts , paler gray - brown underparts , and a rust - brown vent . the tail is long and darker than upperparts with rust - brown undertail coverts .
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elusive kate ( 10 february 2009 – april 2015 ) was an american-bred , british-trained thoroughbred racehorse .

she was one of the leading two-year-old fillies in europe in 2011 when her wins included the prix du calvados and the prix marcel boussac .

in 2012 she won the prix rothschild and was placed in the falmouth stakes , prix jacques le marois , sun chariot stakes and queen elizabeth ii stakes .

in 2013 she won the falmouth stakes and a second prix rothschild .

elusive kate

multiple group 1 winner elusive kate died recently while giving birth to her first foal .
her return this year had been delayed and elusive kate missed out on a classic challenge .
elusive kate ' s foal , a colt by dansili , was placed on a nurse mare .
trainer john gosden paid tribute to elusive kate after the high - class mare died while giving birth to her first foal .
elusive kate was trained by john gosden throughout her career . she was purchased privately by teruya yoshida during her juvenile season .
elusive kate ' s 2015 colt by dansili was placed on a nurse mare . ( photo via british champions series twitter feed )
elusive kate survived a stewards ' inquiry to win the falmouth stakes at newmarket ' s july meeting from odds - on favourite sky lantern .
it is a matter of generations . sky lantern is the star three - year - old and elusive kate is the best older filly .
elusive quality set a world record for the mile in the 1998 poker stakes .
connections of duntle are keen to avoid another showdown with elusive kate after finding john gosden ' s filly too good at deauville on sunday . elusive kate produced a stunning display to claim the prix rothschild for the second successive year , with the david wachman - trained duntle finishing best of the rest in second .
a talented filly whom announced herself on the top stage at this racecourse last season , elusive kate is back and with an exciting season ahead of her .
elusive kate probably should have won this race last year . she stumbled coming out of the gate and lost a shoe , but still ran very well .
. starting as the 10 / 11 favourite , he beat cityscape by three lengths , with elusive kate a further three and a quarter lengths behind in third place .
there have been no problems with elusive kate since her last run , she likes the course and likes the ground . there is not much more to say .
this entry was posted in bloodstock and tagged bloodstock , elusive kate , horse racing , john gosden , teruya yoshida , thoroughbred by paulick report staff . bookmark the permalink .
patrick barbe , racing manager to her owner teruya yoshida , revealed : “it will be up to john gosden but the qipco sussex stakes is an option for elusive kate .
a four year old daughter of elusive quality , elusive kate has regularly saved her best for the duo of courses that newmarket provides but , despite some standout performances owing to the circumstances around the efforts , she was yet to reign supreme at either of the courses .
elusive kate , left , drifted across the track but the objection of sky lantern ' s jockey was thrown out by the stewards . photograph : steven cargill / racingfotos . com
connections of sky lantern were unsuccessful in their appeal against the result of the etihad airways falmouth stakes , with elusive kate confirmed as the winner , the british horseracing authority confirmed .
. elusive quality initially topped the 2002 freshman sire list by progeny earnings , but got bumped when it was determined elusive city raced on a banned substance and the purse money was redistributed .
elusive quality has had an outstanding year with his multiple g1 - winning three - year - old daughter elusive kate , and the outstanding , undefeated juvenile filly certify , a g1 winner in 2012 as well . he will remain at a fee of $ 50 , 000 .
in - form duo john gosden and william buick landed their fifth group one win in a golden season as elusive kate made all the running to win the prix rothschild at deauville .
when it comes to in - demand selfies , there’s none more elusive than the royal selfie .
elusive kate aims to confirm her superiority over old rival sky lantern as the pair engage in a highly - anticipated rematch in the kingdom of bahrain sun chariot stakes at newmarket on saturday .
john gosden , often the spearhead for many a us challenge from britain , has notable end of season considerations for his filly , elusive kate , with a return to france en route .
william buick rides a blinder on board elusive kate and holds off favourite , sky lantern to the line in the 2013 etihad airways falmouth stakes at newmarket on day two of the july meeting .
results have been mixed for the duo since , with elusive kate going on to clinch her fourth group one verdict in the prix rothschild , before finishing well beaten in the prix jacques le marois .
elusive kate had also carried sky lantern across much of the width of the course as the two horses fought to the line but reversals in the stewards ' room are rare under british rules and the stewards decided that it could not be said with any certainty that elusive kate had improved her position . buick received a three - day ban for careless riding , but the original result was allowed to stand .
patrick barbe , bloodstock agent for elusive kate ' s owner teruya yoshida , is keeping his fingers crossed the four - year - old can win the argument with her younger opponent once more this weekend .
sent off as a long odds on shot , sky lantern was heavily favoured to enhance her reputation with a third consecutive group 1 success , but william buick and elusive kate had other ideas about this renewal .
he told his website urltoken
elusive kate is just one of six classy fillies that we have to beat , but everything we have seen at home suggests that sky lantern is at the top of her game .
“kate has played it beautifully , ” said kate reardon , the editor of tatler magazine . “she appears to be modest and conservative and un - showoffy and everything that we would love her to be . ”
second in this race last year on her seasonal reappearance , elusive kate had thrusted her name into many a notebook when bravely going down by a neck in this contest that year . a victory next time out in a french group 1 readily rewarded her followers , yet despite being heavily favoured as the main rival to animal kingdom in last month ' s queen anne stakes , the supprot for elusive kate was seemingly lacking in this contest .
beaming kate gazes lovingly at sleeping prince louis as she and william attend his christening in their . . .
william buick would like elusive kate to take on sky lantern again as he believes the john gosden - trained filly did not get the credit she deserved after coming out on top in a tight finish to the falmouth stakes .
elusive quality also shuttled to australia and brazil for the international darley operation . he was a leading sire in brazil , siring champions sai de baixo and ana luisa . in australia , he sired two - time champion sepoy , now a darley stallion . his other leading international runners included european champion elusive kate , a group 1 winner in england and france , english group 1 winner certify , french group 1 winner elusive city , and mexican champion el capitan .
despite hughes ' strong case , elusive kate was eventually confirmed the winner . a result which will baffle the connections of sky lantern , but one that is just a temporary blip for sky lantern ' s progression within this division .
drawing from nature and everyday life , kate’s work is both bold and quirky , an interpretation undoubtedly all her own . her world is best described as witty , unconventional , and rhythmic , chasing the elusive balance of playfulness and precision .
a life - size image of prince william and kate middleton made its way near trafalgar square in london on wednesday .
it was a second group one victory in france for elusive kate , who won the prix marcel boussac at last season’s arc meeting at longchamp . having won on two previous runs at deauville , she is also unbeaten in four races across the channel .
kate miller - heidke and her technicolour dream gigs make her a niche artist with a big fanbase . picture : andrew tauber
here come the godparents ! kate and william are joined by childhood friends - including guy pelly - and the . . .
although just a narrow winner over just the judge in the group one qipco 1000 guineas at newmarket in may , sky lantern was far more devastating when bursting clear to win the coronation stakes at royal ascot in june , and on her most recent outing she was narrowly beaten in somewhat controversial fashion by four - year - old elusive kate in the group one falmouth stakes at newmarket earlier this month , elusive kate having franked the form in some style when winning yesterday’s group one prix rothschild at deauville in a comfortable fashion .
whereas diana courted the media , kate says nothing . nothing to feed the growing frenzy of engagement speculation . the one certainty about kate middleton is her image - artless , maybe , but coupled with the sneaking suspicion that she knows it very well indeed .
elusive kate completed back - to - back victories in the prix rothschild with a fluent success at deauville . winner of a controversial race for the falmouth stakes at newmarket ' s july meeting , the john gosden - trained filly was far too good for her rivals in france .
the prix rothschild is the obvious next race ,
said gosden , referring to a race elusive kate won last season .
there are also races like the matron , the prix jacques le marois and we might even want to go for the breeders cup mile .
australian champion and leading thoroughbred sire lonhro will stand his third season at darley america’s stud farm next year and has already proven to be very popular with breeders . in fact , he was north america ' s leading sire of weanlings by sales average for 2013 . perennial leading stallion elusive quality continues to sire high - class runners year after year including elusive kate , who added a third g1 victory to her record in 2013 .
elusive quality ' s progeny continued to show up at the highest levels , however . his second crop included eclipse champion 3 - year - old colt
' i hope he stays like this ' : kate and the archbishop of canterbury share a joke about sleeping louis as she . . .
it ' s a hat trick for mcqueen ! kate repeats the look she chose for george and charlotte ' s christenings in . . .
the prix rothschild [ which elusive kate won last season ] is the obvious one to go for , and then after that there ' s races like the matron stakes and the prix jacques le marois , and you might want to go for a breeders ' cup mile later on .
four - year - old elusive kate was the joint top - rated two - year - old filly in europe in 2011 after a three - length win in the group one prix marcel boussac and doubled her group one tally last season when taking the prix rothschild at deauville , france , in july . the daughter of elusive quality was last seen out in the group one queen elizabeth ii stakes sponsored by qipco at ascot in october , finishing third .
50 words for snow , to be released on 21st november , will be kate bush ' s first album of original material for six years .
the man of the hour , construction worker sam wayne , snagged his second royal selfie thursday during prince william and princess kate’s visit to cornwall .
i have to concur with brian . sky lantern looked like she ' d get there if kate hadn ' t continued to push her out .
elusive kate ( usa ) b . m , 2009 { 16 - a } dp = 7 - 6 - 17 - 2 - 0 ( 32 ) di = 2 . 05 cd = 0 . 56 - 17 starts , 7 wins , 2 places , 2 shows career earnings : £885 , 120
richard hannon ' s filly was produced with what looked like a winning run by richard hughes , but after a heated tussle and much barging , the john gosden - trained elusive kate and william buick held on by a neck , surviving a stewards ' inquiry and a subsequent appeal from the hannon camp .
as the riders entered the final stages , sky lantern loomed large on the outside of the gosden trained filly , yet buick continued to gradually slip his mount some reign . inch by inch he slowly provided elusive kate with her head , asking her to increase the pace and ensuring that sky lantern would not have things all her own way , but just when the duo of talented fillies entered into the final furlong it was elusive kate whom would drift violently across the track , taking sky lantern with her , and ensuring that her victory would still be disputed inside the stewards room for what seemed like an eternity .
. when sky lantern moved up to challenge elusive kate in the final quarter mile , the older filly hung to the left , carrying sky lantern across the width of the straight , before prevailing by a neck . the result was allowed to stand after a stewards ' enquiry , although the winner ' s jockey
kate miller - heidke has enjoyed chart success and critical acclaim but her next big challenge is the muriel’s wedding stage play and a best of album .
, elusive kate , gordon lord byron and soft falling rain . hughes restrained the colt at the back of the field before moving forward with three furlongs left to run . he took the lead approaching the final furlong and won by three and a quarter lengths from top notch tonto , with kingsbarns in third place .
animal kingdom faces a dozen rivals of which aidan o ' brien ' s declaration of war ( by war front ) stands out . formerly trained in france by jean - claude rouget , the american - bred has won 3 of 5 for ballydoyle . the consistent pair of elusive kate ( by elusive quality ) , from john gosden ' s yard , and aljamaaheer ( by dubawi ) , an inmate of roger varian ' s stables , are other live each - way prospects .
that person is now believed by several newspapers to be the elusive banksy , who has never confirmed his identity and of whom no picture is definitely known to exist .
elusive kate returned to the scene of some of her greatest efforts for a wire - to - wire success in the group 1 falmouth stakes on friday at newmarket , but it wasn ' t without controversy as the filly drifted all the way across the track - resulting in a lengthy stewards inquiry before the result was confirmed .
there are exciting older fillies and mares , including sajjhaa , a dual group one winner in dubai for godolphin earlier this year , the wildenstein family’s beauty parlour from the stable of sir henry cecil who sent out the great frankel to win the qipco sussex stakes in the last two years , and the john gosden - trained elusive kate .
there are exciting older fillies and mares , including sajjhaa , a dual group one winner in dubai for godolphin earlier this year , the wildenstein family’s beauty parlour from the stable of sir henry cecil who sent out the great frankel to win the qipco sussex stakes in the last two years , and the john gosden - trained elusive kate .
a tactical affair was expected in this contest and william buick , who himself was entering the newmarket july festival after an outstanding performance in the saddle at a a minor kempton polytrack meeting on wednesday night , opted to utilise elusive kate ' s versatility through the early stages , asking his mount to take things up at the head of affairs .
four - time grade 1 winner quality road inherited elusive quality’s brilliance , establishing multiple track records during his own career . now a young stallion at lane ' s end in kentucky , he is represented by kentucky oaks winner abel tasman in his second crop . elusive quality ' s other standouts include eclipse award champion female sprinter maryfield and champion steeplechase horse demonstrative .
maybe they were replaced by doubles . could be that the real wills and kate are on some tropical island somewhere and they left these lookalikes to deal with the royals . kate was probably most thankful to be done with her grandma - in - law who struts around like she ' s the queen of england . who needs that ?
however , in a season where no other rival has been able to establish herself as europe ' s top filly at a mile , elusive kate is now in poll position . having flopped when hot favourite for the falmouth , golden lilac produced a much improved run but she is struggling to live up to the massive expectations held for her this year .
she has done it all her life . when she won the marcel boussac as a two year old she ended up on the far rail - which is a long way at longchamp ,
said winning jockey , william buick .
as far as the race is concerned there is no question elusive kate was the best horse in the race
and the drama - filled where ? from the rabbits closes one disc while the elusive elysian fields finally makes it onto a record courtesy of the live performance with the tasmanian symphony orchestra .
how quickly the tides changed . then again i can see that even then , charles horse faced genes were just bubbling under the surface . kate looks plainer than usual .
kate middleton with prince william this month at witton country park in northwest england . she has formally spoken to the press only once , on the day they announced their engagement .
“kate’s struggle to hold down a job since graduating has reportedly earned the displeasure of the queen , ” declared the guide , hana umezawa , as earnestly as if she were explaining the spanish armada . “the closest kate has come to having a regular job was when she worked at jigsaw as a part - time assistant accessories buyer from 2006 to 2007 . ”
yet , even with those facts to hand , kate remains elusive . some portrayals cast her as a ' sensible ' middle - class graduate who embodies meritocratic britain ; others as the socially aspiring millionaires ' daughter who wouldn ' t be seen dead beyond the king ' s road . some describe a wholesome english rose ; others claim she set her cap at william before university .
despite his minor suspension , the falmouth was won thanks to a well - judged , frontrunning ride by buick . hughes was alive to the danger of giving elusive kate , herself a previous group one winner , an easy lead and sat close behind her from the start , but he still proved unable to summon enough of a finish from sky lantern to get her to the post in front .
elusive quality entered stud in 1999 , and his first crop placed him a close third on the 2002 freshman sire list behind distorted humor and awesome again . all three would go on to be classic sires .
so it just leaves us to conclude that we ' d like to acknowledge our colleagues jia lin , nick , julian , kate , adele , bill , fiona and mita . thank you .
kate asson , who teaches personal finance courses , describes financial independence as “being fully self - reliant . the income you use to meet your expenses is driven by you and you alone . ”
after an eight week break , sky lantern returned to racing on 28 september , when she was again matched against elusive kate in the sun chariot stakes over one mile at newmarket . she started the 7 / 4 favourite in a field also included just the judge , duntle and la collina , the winner of the matron stakes . hughes held the filly up at the back of the field before taking the lead in the last furlong and winning comfortably by a length from integral , with duntle third and elusive kate in fourth . on her final appearance of the season , sky lantern was sent to hong kong to contest the hong kong mile at sha tin racecourse . she started the 5 / 1 third favourite but never looked likely to win and was eased down in the closing stages , finishing last of the fourteen runners .
classic sire and former world record - holder elusive quality has been pensioned from stallion duty . the 24 - year - old stallion will live out his retirement at darley’s american base at jonabell farm in lexington , ky .
how her mother , carole , has ancestors who were miners , and how carole left behind her working - class roots when she and kate’s father , michael , founded a successful internet business that sells party accessories . how their newfound wealth allowed them to move into a grand country house and to send kate to marlborough college , an elite boarding school , where she excelled at sports but not , unfortunately , at misbehaving .
their courtship at the university of st . andrews , where both were students , has been told in endless articles , books and television specials . but only a few insiders know if the episode that is supposed to have ignited the royal passion — when kate appeared at a fashion show in a see - through dress and william uttered the prosaic but fateful words , “wow ! kate’s hot ! ” — really happened that way .
a live broadcast of the stewards inquiry was provided by british television , a welcome addition to the broadcast , which showed an eloquent richard hughes confidently put his case across for the demotion of elusive kate in favour of his mount sky lantern whilst buick , seemingly confident that the result would not be overturned , seemed to lack in providing the stewards with the information required and having to be prompted to detail how he attempted to keep his mount straight .
this man claimed not only to have met the elusive artist but was able to give a name - robin gunningham - and it doesn ' t require much imagination to work out how such a name could result in the nickname banksy .
the distant rumble of attention and speculation is about to become a thunderous stampede . the spectator cover trailed an essay by patrick jephson , former secretary to princess diana , arguing that kate ' s youth and glamour will provide a much - needed boost to ' brand windsor ' . the latest issue of tatler magazine boasts on its cover : ' twenty - five things you didn ' t know about kate middleton . ' most people would struggle to tell you 25 things they did know about kate middleton . according to tatler her middle name is elizabeth , she likes to blow - dry her hair , she drinks jack daniel ' s and she enjoyed netball at school .
watchful’s dam canny miss , by marscay , is a half - sister to the group one - winning duo of canny lad and canny lass , the former another champion two - year - old who became a stalwart of the woodlands stud stallion ranks and broodmare sire of redoute’s choice . elusive quality , of course , needs no introduction in europe despite having spent his entire northern hemisphere stud career in kentucky . his most accomplished european son is raven’s pass , who is already off the mark as a stakes - producing sire with his first - crop runners this season , while group winners elusive kate , certify and questioning have done a great job in enhancing his reputation on this side of the atlantic in recent seasons .
when is a bush like a bus ? when you wait for years for the elusive creature to give another tantalising taste of her unique sound . then , just when you ' d given up all hope , she arrives with two albums in six months .
having shuttled to australia from 2003 - 08 and to brazil in 2009 - 10 , elusive quality is now represented by 126 black - type winners and 50 grade / group winners worldwide . his progeny have collectively earned more than $ 115 . 6 million .
“kate’s big wedding secret revealed , ” it promised on the cover of last week’s issue . inside it disclosed , citing unnamed sources , that miss middleton would not hire a professional makeup artist for her wedding but would apply her own .
several of his sons have been in particularly good form in recent years . for example mr greeley was responsible for the gr . 1 winners finsceal beo , saoirse abu , aruna , western aristocrat and crusade , while elusive quality’s team included the 2008 breeders’ cup classic winner raven’s pass , the highly talented american colt quality road and the champion two - year - old fillies elusive kate and certify . proud citizen , another american - based son of gone west , was represented by the champion three - year - old filly proud spell from his first crop and sired the kentucky oaks winner believe you can in 2012 . speightstown , another young son , made a very eye - catching start , with six gr . 1 winners , including lord shanakill and haynesfield .
according to a report from at the races , the 6 - year - old mare by elusive quality had notched four group 1 wins from ages two through four during her stellar career – prix marcel boussac , prix rothschild ( twice ) and the falmouth stakes .
the wind is in kate ' s sails for the time being , however . she is acclaimed for her poise , elegance and grace under paparazzi fire she apparently enjoys good relations with the queen , prince charles and the duchess of cornwall .
here , ms . umezawa related , william’s friends were believed “to treat kate unkindly by making derogatory references to her middle - class background , ” including muttering the flight - attendant phrase “doors to manual” when they saw her . it was also here , she said , that william came to celebrate after he and kate ( briefly ) broke up in 2007 , leaping onto a table , yelling “i’m free , ” and amassing an $ 18 , 000 bar bill in less than a week .
the 24 - year - old son of gone west was the second stallion to stand in america for sheikh mohammed , who campaigned him . though elusive quality didn ' t win a grade 1 , he delivered several high - level performances that included breaking a track record at
the cherubic six - month - old baby boy couldn’t appreciate his privileged position as he is handed back and forth between his parents kate miller - heidke and keir nuttall as they compose the songs which will feature in the sydney theatre company production next year .
london — the theme of the walking tour was the forthcoming royal wedding , but the object of the group’s obsession was kate middleton , the royal bride . in mayfair , the guide paused at the next important landmark : the jigsaw store on dover street .
not that kate ' s ascent can be portrayed as the stuff of eliza doolittle . her parents , michael and carole middleton - former airline stewards - live in a detached , five - bedroom house in the berkshire village of bucklebury and run a company providing accessories for children ' s parties . at 14 , ' pale and under - confident ' according to one profile , kate was sent as a boarder to the £20 , 000 - a - year marlborough college , where she put up a poster of william in her dormitory .
asked in their engagement interview whether she in fact did display a poster of william in her dorm room , kate grinned and said , “he wishes . ” ( she added : “i had the levi’s guy on my wall — not a picture of william . sorry . ” )
the number of runners in a race is a poor guide to the excitement it will generate , and the four - strong field for the group one falmouth stakes here certainly delivered value for money . the result was still in doubt a quarter of an hour after elusive kate had passed the post a neck in front of sky lantern , the odds - on favourite , thanks to an extended stewards ' inquiry , broadcast live on channel 4 , in which richard hughes , the rider of sky lantern , argued that william buick ' s whip had twice struck his mount on the head .
discretion has proved kate ' s most potent weapon . jephson says : ' we know very little about her and probably never will , providing they do their job right . historically a degree of mystery about royalty has been an advantage ; we project on to then what we want . '
sky lantern is an irish - bred , british - trained thoroughbred racehorse . she was one of the leading european two - year - old fillies of 2012 when she won the moyglare stud stakes in ireland . in may 2013 she won the 200th running of the 1000 guineas . she followed up with a win in the coronation stakes , and recovered from a controversial defeat by elusive kate in the falmouth stakes to record a fourth group one win in the sun chariot stakes . she remained in training as a four - year - old but failed to reproduce her best form , finishing unplaced in three races .
the headline shed light on her significance : ' the next people ' s princess . ' kate is the girlfriend of prince william and , according to a growing chorus , a racing certainty to be his wife . which means that , barring accidents , she will be one day be queen .
largely influenced by her background in textile design , artist kate roebuck finds inspiration in form , pattern , color , and texture . exploring these classical themes , she seeks to create open - ended visual dialogue and to shed light on the ever - evolving relationship of the creator and the created .
her year began with the sydney festival run of the rabbits , the opera she composed based on the picture book by john marsden and shaun tan , was wondrously punctuated in the middle with the arrival of ernie and ends with the release of the best of kate miller - heidke : act one .
the fugue has never finished out of the first four and a lack of luck contributed to the talented filly only winning one group one this year , the markel insurance nassau stakes at goodwood . she could easily have triumphed on her latest start in the breeders’ cup filly & mare turf on november 2 but found her run blocked and also did not have the rub of the green in other races . nevertheless , she did enough to gain the cartier three - year - old filly award for owner / breeders lord & lady lloyd - webber ahead of another john gosden - trained filly elusive kate , was , shirocco star and beauty parlour .
but for those who may not have encountered the comedic kate , this collection will prove revelatory . miller - heidke is one funny lady , as you can hear on live favourites including australian idol , southern cross tattoo and i’m growing a beard downstairs for christmas , which features , of course , the beards .
though john gosden watched his string exercise this morning on a sun - warmed warren hill under a pristine sky , he readily identified a grey cloud ready to thwart his hopes of a first group one victory of the year . on friday his charge elusive kate will try to better last year ' s close runner - up spot in the falmouth stakes , the season ' s first clash of the generations for the best female milers , but despite the four - year - old ' s creditable warm - up fourth in the queen anne stakes at royal ascot , she is first choice of neither the bookmakers , the punters nor – seemingly – her trainer .
not surprised in the least . kate ' s always been a good filly , but on her best she can really bring it . sky lantern is still very impressive and i don ' t think this is a hit to her reputation at all . both are really great to watch at their best . : )
since they’ve reconciled — “kate , by her aloof behavior , gained the upper hand , ” ms . umezawa explained — they have lived together in anglesey , wales , where william works as a search - and - rescue pilot for the royal air force . they reportedly do their own shopping and possibly even their own cleaning .
if diana , princess of wales , was an aristocrat with a common touch , kate middleton is a commoner who has triumphed among aristocrats . but just as it did with diana , a public voracious for new juicy details will have to make do with recycled scraps from a banquet that has long since been served and cleared away .
there is some debate over how early miss middleton became aware of prince william as a potential husband . in his book “william and kate : a royal love story , ” christopher andersen describes her as having spent her teen years fantasizing about william , poring over news articles about him , even putting images of him up on her wall .
the best of kate miller - heidke : act one is out now . she performs at the melbourne exhibition and convention centre on january28 , qpac , brisbane , march 10 , sydney opera house , march 24 and 25 , perth concert hall , march 31 , canberra theatre , april 7 and federation concert hall , hobart , april 11 .
bred in kentucky by john and marie costelloe ' s silver springs farm , elusive quality broke his maiden at first asking as a 3 - year - old , and three races later finished second in the 1996 king ' s bishop stakes ( g2 ) . at 4 he broke the track record at gulfstream , where he covered seven furlongs in 1 : 20 . in just his second start on the turf , he broke the world record for a mile on grass by taking the 1998 poker handicap ( g3t ) at belmont in 1 : 31 . 63 . he won seven other races , including the 1998 jaipur handicap ( g3t ) . elusive quality retired from racing with 9 - 3 - 2 record from 20 starts and earnings of $ 413 , 284 .
the newmanns make an ideal mother and - daughter working duo . their talents as editors and facilitators complement one another . kate is a cambridge honours - english graduate with an ma cantab from king’s college . she was an editor for the institute of irish studies , in queen’s university , belfast , and is very experienced in the complexities of book production .
the spectator is a venerable magazine with a venerable readership . in any given week subscribers might reasonably expect a dissection of middle east politics , a conservative polemic about europe or a nostalgic lament for thatcher . what few people will have been prepared for was last week ' s front cover showing a fresh - faced 24 - year - old named kate middleton .
of course , such success is rarely an accident of birth and sepoy was bred to be a champion . from one of the best families in the australian studbook , his dam , the danehill mare watchful , is a full - sister to the g1 queensland derby winner camarena , who has herself bred a group one winner by elusive quality , sepoy’s very close relative , the top - class juvenile camarilla .
elusive quality has had two great careers , but it ' s the right time for him just to relax and take it easy here at jonabell ,
said dan pride , chief operating officer for godolphin in america .
but given the success of his current sons at stud , along with the production from his daughters , his will certainly be a legacy that will last for quite some time .
what do you say about a young woman who went to college , fell in love and became engaged ? with kate and prince william ’s wedding a little more than a week away , the chances of the public — that is , us — learning anything new about miss middleton before she turns into a princess ( or a duchess , depending on which title she takes ) are zero .
prince harry has declared he hates them . and while the queen has been in a few , it’s reported that although she’s a fan of social media , she misses having direct eye contact with those who come out to see her . princess kate made her snapchat debut this summer , but she’s yet to share selfies with prince george and princess charlotte ( though we’re patiently waiting ! ) .
in order for me to feel whole about the complexities of the life i live ,
wambach tells espn’s kate fagan in an espn w feature story ,
whether it be the fitness , the pressure , the nutrition , the daily sacrifice , all of that , it will be a lot easier for me to understand if i go off into retirement with a world cup title .
the young stallion entered stud at gainsborough , which was then owned by sheikh mohammed ' s eldest brother , sheikh maktoum . upon sheikh maktoum ' s death in 2006 , elusive quality was relocated to jonabell . he entered stud with a $ 10 , 000 fee in 1999 , but it didn ' t remain at that level very long . his very first crop produced 11 black - type winners , including french group 1 winner and champion
elusive quality , a son of gone west , was multiple grade 2 - placed on dirt and set a track record at gulfstream going seven furlongs in 1 : 20 . 17 . he carried his brilliance to turf later in his career , with a pair of grade 3 wins in 1998 , including a six - length score in the poker stakes at belmont park , scorching the mile in what was then a world - record 1 : 31 . 63 .
from his second crop emerged smarty jones , who won his first eight starts , including the 2004 kentucky derby and preakness stakes , before finishing second in the belmont stakes to end his triple crown bid . the eclipse award champion powered elusive quality atop the north american general sire list for the season . he ranked in the top five on that list again in 2008 , when his son raven ' s pass , a group 1 winner in england , captured the breeders ' cup classic .
when william opted for the university of st andrews , it was alleged in an earlier spectator that kate ' s ambitious mother persuaded her to abandon her first choice of university and ' target ' william by enrolling on the same course . she wore black underwear on the catwalk at a student fashion show - out of character for one who never otherwise hints at the dangerous . she became flatmates with william and two other students in 2002 and started a relationship with him the next year .
william is said to relish the normality of life with kate , who reportedly quipped : ' he ' s lucky to be going out with me . ' former fellow students describe her as kind - hearted and demure and impossible to dislike . such timidity might be seen as an asset by royals . but robert jobson , author of william ' s princess , counters : ' anyone who walks down the catwalk in front of a prince in knickers and a bra has to have some spark . '
but while william is embarking on military service , kate has taken 18 months since graduation to get a job as an assistant accessories buyer at the high street chain jigsaw - whose owners , john and belle robinson , are old friends of the middletons . phil hall , former editor of the news of the world , warns : ' i don ' t think the british people will accept a clothes horse in public life . there ' s a danger that people will think there ' s no substance there . '
during her student years in queen’s university , joan was a member of philip hobsbaum’s belfast group , which included seamus heaney , james simmons and stewart parker . the influence of hobsbaum was acknowledged by kate when she described him as ‘one who had the ability to appreciate and delight in the work of others’ . the same could be said of the newmanns themselves and their philosophy . summer palace press takes its name from joan’s and kate’s home in kilcar near killybegs in south west donegal . the location itself is part of the underlying stimulus for many pieces written during the workshops that have taken place there . the house overlooks donegal bay and the stretch of atlantic down to sligo , where , on a summer’s evening , queen maeve’s cairn on knocknarea is visible in the distance . to be part of a workshop with the newmanns at the summer palace is always a memorable and magical experience . writers from ballycastle , derry , sligo and donegal have attended workshops facilitated by prominent guest poets including michael longley , eiléan ní chuilleanáin , paula meehan , macdara woods , theo dorgan , frank ormsby , leland bardwell and kerry hardie . the atmosphere on these occasions is always positive and encouraging ; the work dealt with in a reflective , incisive and insightful manner , sometimes interrupted by peals of laughter . the room , filled to capacity , somehow has space for the late arrival . time takes on a new malleability on these afternoons , imaginative energy explodes and trajectories change : ‘ make something strong that will survive , ’ paula meehan urged . these workshops helped new writers with that elusive task , ‘finding your voice’ .
like a father choosing between two much - loved sons , snowden’s decision couldn ' t have been an easy one to make but it underlines the extraordinary success of sepoy throughout a 14 - run career which garnered ten victories , four of which came at group one level . champion two - year - old status is not easily earned and the elusive quality colt was out early in his juvenile season , building a cv which would lead to the title and a 124 + rating from timeform , the highest earned by a two - year - old for an entire decade .
kate kohler has lived her life in montana . born and raised in great falls , she moved to bozeman and decided to stay . her first solo album , elusive victory , is a reflection of her love of music and her respect for love , life and death . currently she resides with several furry family members and makes use of her time teaching others the joy of music and writing more of her own . she has played the piano and sung for as long as she can remember , which makes sense , since her entire family is musically inclined . her training encompasses composition and piano . her teachers include laurel yost , eric funk , daniel moore , her mother marjorie kohler , and her father , the late john kohler . they taught her many life lessons as well as the joy of sharing and creating music . her performance experience includes jazz , classical , musical theater , improvisational musical theater and pop / rock / funk . she has performed with many talented musicians including : mark dixon , johnnie corrie , brad edwards , angela funk , eric funk , craig hall , rob kohler , lee kohler , marjorie kohler , geno kreis , cheri ladd , ivy merriot , john mest , alex safford , nancy weiss , and m . j . williams . her compositions include many works including : 5 solo piano works , 7 kidsongs - ensemble pieces for student piano and solo instrument , 5 preludes for piano , prelude for ansa for 2 pianos , and song for strings and brass choir , 2 violin , viola , cello , and brass choir . cd ' s she has performed on are blues and things - kohlers and friends ( vocals ) , this world - this world ( background vocals ) , and christmas album - marjorie kohler ( piano and flute ) . elusive victory is her first solo album .
whereas diana was 12 years younger than charles , catherine elizabeth middleton was born five months before william . whereas diana was from aristocratic stock , kate is a ' commoner ' . the author christopher wilson has traced her family tree back 200 years to ancestors who survived coalmining , malnutrition and a cholera epidemic in north - east england . he says : ' to have soot running through her veins is better than blue blood : it gives her the strongest claim to be the
people ' s princess
. the old aristocracy surrounds the queen , but if william replaces them with meritocracy it will be the best thing that could happen to the royal family . '
to date , thirty - eight books have been published by summer palace press , bringing the work of thirty - two poets / writers to national and international readership . for the majority , it was their first individual collection ; six of the thirty - two poets have released a second collection in the past two years . the driving force for the work of the press , kate explained on the evening is ‘the love of poetry and faith in the poets’ . this faith has been justified ; three of the summer palace poets have been included among the twenty - four in the watchful heart : a new generation of irish poets ( salmon poetry ) edited by joan mcbreen .
in the tradition of old - school horror , the novel begins as a girl , along with her mother and mentally ill father , move into an old , creaking estate with an elusive earl and many hidden passageways . what ' s particularly masterful about the way clare writes is the impending sense of dread he weaves into every paragraph . there are a few glimpses of true supernatural elements but , for the large part , the fantastical element is simply there because you inhabit thirteen - year - old delphine ' s mind and she believes it to be . moreover , rather than doubting the narrator as unreliable , i got so caught up in the world she described that i immediately believed her to be correct which , of course , she was .
in the late 1990s few of them had the expectation of having a collection published . the work and expertise of joan and kate changed that through their workshops and readings . having discovered and nurtured new talent , they continued with their endeavours . ‘ there were a great number of people who were worthy of publishing , who had no hope of ever doing so with the publishing situation as it was in 1999 . rather than moan about the ageism and sexism of the poetry scene , we decided to pool our joint expertise , ’ explains joan . they founded summer palace press in 1999 so that voices from the peripheries of this island could be heard . ‘different climates and different bloods have different needs’ , wrote ezra pound . the summer palace poets demonstrate variety and freshness ; a self - forgetfulness and a stubborn hope for the future despite our contradictory times . ‘the only whole lives are the broken lives’ , a line from stewart parker’s ‘the broken lives’ , sums it up . ‘we publish all kinds of poetry , if it meets a high enough standard , ’ says kate . ‘the manuscripts submitted are carefully read and commented on and undergo a close editing process , involving the author , down to the third proof . the end product is a beautiful book , sewn and bound ( not just glued ) , and we use the work of a living artist for the cover image . ’ the books are printed by nicholson & bass ltd , belfast . like most small publishers , the press depends on grants from different bodies for its future . funding for storage is never calculated into grants given and the price of postage is exceedingly high , especially to america and australia . yet , despite the obstacles , summer palace press is confidently evolving . ‘we are on amazon , and are in the process of completing a new website , ’ says joan . what gives them the greatest satisfaction ? ‘we are proud of each of the thirty - eight books that we have published . ’


synemon jcaria , the reddish-orange sun-moth , is a moth in the castniidae family .

it is found in australia , including victoria .

the wingspan is about 35 mm for males and 38 mm for females .

adults are on wing from late january to mid march .

the larvae feed on lomandra effusa .

they differ from the larvae of most other synemon species in that they feed internally at the rhizomes of the food plant at ground level , rather than on the roots underground .

synemon jcaria

katja schulz selected
synemon jcaria
to show in overview on
synemon jcaria
.
maggie whitson marked
synemon jcaria sunning itself
as hidden on the
synemon jcaria
page . reasons to hide : duplicate
katja schulz marked the classification from
wikipedia
as preferred for
synemon jcaria
.
synemon jcaria is also found in south australia and victoria . more information found on the south australian sun - moths website
katja schulz marked the classification from
bolds resource for species - level taxa
as preferred for
synemon jcaria
.
synemon jcaria a beautiful sunmoth which flies this time of the year . synemon sunmoths are a day flying moth and can be seen between 10am and 3pm depending upon the temperature and if the sun is shining . when the clouds come over , they seem to disappear .
synemon doubleday , 1846 ; in stokes , discoveries australia 1 : 515 , pl . 3 ; ts : hesperia sophia white
drawing by rudolf felder , zoologischer theil , reise der osterreichischen fregatte novara , band 2 , abtheilung 2 ( 1874 ) , plate lxxix , fig . 6 , image courtesy of biodiversity heritage library , digitized by smithsonian libraries .
species in that they feed inside the culm of the foodplant at ground level , rather than on the roots underground . they feed on plants such as
the adult moths have brown forewings , each with two large pale spots . the hindwings are scarlet with brown markings .
the species is considered to be vulnerable due to habitat destruction and the fact that the females are poor flyers .
band 2 , abtheilung 2 ( 5 ) ( 1875 ) , p . 9
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 054bb23c - 7014 - 4b93 - ad82 - fcdc81c95beb
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7320b9ac - 6334 - 455d - b943 - 58fbb380866c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 9711e6d2 - 7fe2 - 4c0a - 97be - f9b5518690c6
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : adf56cd2 - f094 - 45a6 - a345 - bfffb86050e2
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 295208
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is about 35 mm for males and 38 mm for females . adults have brown forewings , each with two white spots . the hindwings are scarlet with brown markings .
species in that they feed internally at the rhizomes of the food plant at ground level , rather than on the roots underground .
classification from bolds resource for species - level taxa selected by katja schulz - see more .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
they sit with their wings open to absorb the sunshine to give them energy .
this one is a bit battle worn . the males choose a prominent place where the females would like to come and sun themselves . they then fight other males that enter their territory by spiraling up and crashing into each other . one then concedes defeat and flies away .
the source code for museums victoria collections is available on github under the mit license .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
hesperia sophia white , 1841 ; in grey , jls exp . discovery in australia 1837 - 39 , 2 : 474 , f . 7 ; tl : king george sound
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
andrew a . e . williams , matthew r . williams , edward d . edwards and rebecca a . m . coppen