the rose-ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) , also known as the ring-necked parakeet , is a gregarious tropical afro-asian parakeet species that has an extremely large range .

the rose-ringed parakeet is sexually dimorphic .

the adult male sports a red or black neck ring and the hen and immature birds of both sexes either show no neck rings , or display shadow-like pale to dark grey neck rings .

both sexes have a distinctive green colour .

rose-ringed parakeets measure on average 40 cm ( 16 in ) in length , including the tail feathers , a large portion of their total length .

their average single-wing length is about 15 – 17.5 cm ( 5.9 – 6.9 in ) .

it is herbivorous and not migratory .

one of the few parrot species that have successfully adapted to living in disturbed habitats , it has withstood the onslaught of urbanisation and deforestation .

as a popular pet species , escaped birds have colonised a number of cities around the world , including northern and western europe , where they have been able to tolerate ambient temperatures far lower than those in their native range .

since the population appears to be increasing , the species was evaluated as being of least concern by the iucn in 2012 , but its popularity as a pet and unpopularity with farmers have both reduced its numbers in some parts of its native range .

the genus name psittacula is a diminutive of latin psittacus , " parrot " , and the specific krameri commemorates the austrian naturalist wilhelm heinrich kramer .

rose - ringed parakeet

also known as : rose - ringed parakeet , green parakeet , long - tailed parakeet , senegal long - tailed parakeet , northern rose - ringed parakeet ( p . k . borealis )
the rose ringed parakeet with the scientific name of psittacula krameri is also known as the ring necked parakeet .
the indian rose - ringed parakeet measures approx . 42 centimeter or 16 . 5 inches
1 . the rose ringed parakeet perform direct and fast flight than the other parakeets .
gene in the echo parakeet isolates but no support for the results from the rose - ringed parakeet bfdv data .
( indian rose - ringed parakeet ) is distributed in peninsular india and sri lanka . the subspecies
the rose - ringed parakeet is also known as the ringnecked parakeet . its scientific name commemorates the austrian naturalist wilhelm heinrich kramer .
the abyssinian rose - ringed parakeet measures approx . 40 centimeter or 15 . 7 inches in length .
inches ) long including the tail feathers . its average single wing length is about 15–17 . 5 cm ( 6 - 7 inches ) . the tail accounts for a large portion of the length . the indian rose - ringed parakeet , african rose - ringed parakeet , abyssinian rose - ringed parakeet and neumann ' s rose - ringed parakeet measure 42 cm , 40 cm , 40 cm and 43 cm long , respectively .
( abyssinian rose - ringed parakeet ) is distributed in sudan , ethiopia , eritrea and djibouti . the subspecies
( african rose - ringed parakeet ) is distributed in mauritania , senegal , guinea , sudan and uganda .
2 . the life span of the rose ringed parakeets are about 20 years . some of these rose ringed birds have lived up to 40 years and more .
the indian ringneck parakeet has been referred to as the
noble parakeet
! the species , psittacula krameri , is also called the rose - ringed parakeet and contains four subspecies .
“we’re on the lookout for rose - ringed parakeet , which is about a 15 inch beautiful lime green parakeet , ”says madi elsea with the group .
7 . since , the rose ringed parakeet is one of the famous pet parrot , they are very affectionate in nature .
the rose - ringed parakeet is considered one of the best talking parakeets and can learn a vocabulary of up to 250 words .
abyssinian rose - ringed parakeet ( p . krameri parvirostris ) : northwest somalia , west across northern ethiopia to sennar district , sudan .
this rose ringed parakeets are most commonly found in asia , especially found in the india subcontinent .
species : scientific : psittacula krameri krameri aka palaeornis docilis . . . english : rose - ringed parakeet , african ring - necked parakeet . . . dutch : rose halsbandparkiet , afrikaanse halsbandparkiet . . . german : afrikanischer halsbandsittich . . . french : perruche à bande rose
originally from india , the rose - ringed parakeet has been in britain for decades , although it is unclear how it was first introduced .
the rose - ringed parakeet has exquisite plumage with a graceful long tail that serves as an elegant balancing aid in trees and among crops .
kirwan gm , 2000 . rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) recored in the west indies . el pitirre , 13 : 42 .
the nature of this rose ringed bird is monogamous . the flight taken by this rose ringed parakeet is direct and strong in nature . they spend their time for climbing the tree canopies . they use their bills for climbing and other supports .
the neumann ' s rose - ringed parakee t measures approx . 43 centimeter or 16 . 9 inches
description : rose - ringed parakeet has yellow - green plumage , long , graduated tail and broad , rounded and hooked pinkish - red bill .
flight : rose - ringed parakeet performs fast and direct flight , with rapid wing beats . in flight , the dark flight feathers are conspicuous .
in the closed areas , the breeding season for these rose ringed parrots begins in december and in the outer areas , the breeding season for these rose ringed parrots begins in february . the female rose ringed parakeets lay 3 to 5 eggs at a time . the eggs of the parrots are white in colour .
) . the coefficient of variation histograms indicated that for the echo parakeet isolates there is not sufficient evidence to reject the strict clock , but there is for the rose - ringed parakeet isolates .
( boreal rose - ringed parakeet ) is distributed in afghanistan , pakistan , north india , nepal , bangladesh , myanmar and south china . the subspecies
. isolates from rose - ringed parakeets are indicated by the suffix “ ( r ) ” . as in
the african rose - ringed parakeet measures about 40 centimeter or 15 . 7 inches in length . the tail accounts for a large portion of the length .
protection / threats / status : rose - ringed parakeet is relatively common , and now , it may be found in the large urban parks in the world .
the rose - ringed parakeet is bold and adaptable enough to profit from human activities . it flourishes in cities and has escaped from captivity to colonize new areas .
butler cj , 2003 . population biology of the introduced rose - ringed parakeet psittacula krameri in the uk . oxford , uk : university of oxford , unpaginated .
since , the rose ringed parakeet is famous as a pet , these species are commonly seen in the human dominated areas . these rose ringed parakeets are found in most of the zoos . in those zoos , they are trained to do some tricksas well to entertain the public .
as we talked , small squadrons of rose - ringed parakeets began swooping and alighting in the treetops above our head .
neumann ' s rose - ringed parakeet ( p . krameri borealis ) : east pakistan , northern india and nepal to central burma ; introduced populations worldwide in localities .
introduced and established populations are found worldwide . in some regions they are considered as pests or invasive species . there are four recognized subspecies of rose - ringed parakeet .
the iucn ( international union for conservation of nature ) has categorized and evaluated these rose - ringed parakeet species and has listed them as of
least concern
.
in the wild , rose - ringed parakeets usually feed on buds , fruits , vegetables , nuts , berries and seeds .
sorry about late reply . they are rose - ringed parakeets . escaped from aviaries initially but now breeding in the wild .
those noisy green dandies are psittacula krameri manillensis , a parakeet that is native to southern india and sri lanka . its common name in english is the rose - ringed parakeet ; in japanese , it’s called wakake honsei inko .
aviculturists the popularity of the breed began to increase greatly . now widely available in the pet trade , rose - ringed parakeets continue to gain popularity . hand - fed rose - ringed parakeets are regarded as excellent pets if provided with daily attention , though even parent - raised rose - ringed parakeets make good pets when provided with regular handling and attention . they are generally family birds and are less likely to bond to only one person . with adequate attention , handling , and love , a rose - ringed parakeet can quickly become a beloved companion .
hand - fed , well socialized rose - ringed parakeets make excellent pets , provided they are given daily attention and good care .
the cages should be in a place out of direct sunlight and free of drafts . a pet or captive rose - ringed parakeet should be kept in a bird - safe environment .
the rose - ringed parakeet prefers lightly wooded country in the lowland plains of tropical asia and africa , but it occurs up to 6 , 600′ in the himalayas and the ethiopian highlands . in rural india , the parakeet lives in areas of lush vegetation , breeding in deciduous forests . in much of its african range , however , the species is found in savannah woodland and arid , thorny scrub . the rose - ringed parakeet lives near human habitation , since farmland , parks and gardens provide it with easy pickings . a huge parakeet population lives in the cities of northern india and pakistan . a plains living typical parakeet habitat is open woodland in ethiopia . the rose - ringed parakeet is sometimes called the ring - necked parakeet . the naturalized rose - ringed parakeet in miami , florida , is one of only a few birds that nest in winter . the male and female pair up in late december . the rose - ringed parakeet is not a popular cagebird due to its raucous calls and tendency to bite , but captive birds have been bred with striking yellow , blue , white , gray and even black - and - white plumages .
nebot jc , 1999 . first report of the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) in venezuela and preliminary observations on its behavior . ornitologia neotropical , 10 : 115 - 117 .
lever c , 2005 . rose - ringed parakeet ( ring - necked parakeet ) psittacula krameri . in : naturalized birds of the world [ ed . by lever c ] . london , uk : t and ad poyser , 124 - 130 .
the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) belongs to the family of parakeets , psittaculidae . these parakeet species are naturally distributed in india , sri lanka , pakistan , nepal , bangladesh , myanmar , south china , northcentral africa and afghanistan .
( echo parakeet or mauritius parakeet ) . the term ' krameri ' commemorates the austrian naturalist wilhelm heinrich kramer .
the rose ringed parakeet is commonly found in the cultivated areas , parks and gardens , trees in the countryside , dry and open forests as well as evergreen forests . we may find this species in semi desert areas and open jungles and low lands . this rose ringed parakeet is commonly seen in large urban parks . they used to travel in flocks . they communicate by twittering , squawking or shrieking .
in north - west india , indian rose - ringed parakeets form pairs during september to december . during this cold season , they select and defend
hi maggie , sorry about the late reply . yes – green long tailed birds can only be ther rose ringed parakeets . thanks for feedback .
lamba bs , 1996 . nidification of some common indian birds : 10 . the rose - ringed parakeet , psittacula krameri scopoli . proceedings of the zoological society of london , 19 : 77 - 85 .
the rose - ringed parakeet , also called the ringnecked parakeet , is a tropical bird that is also a popular pet . these birds are permanent residents , and have adapted to surviving in disturbed habitats that have succumbed to deforestation and urban growth . the rose - ringed parakeet’s diet consists largely of buds , fruits , vegetables , nuts , berries and seeds . food is found by foraging , and wild populations will find this food in farmlands and orchards , causing a wide variety of damage to the agriculture crops . this bird , unlike most southern asia birds , will also breed during the winter . the conservation rating for the rose - ringed parakeet is least concern .
gene that we observed to be particularly polymorphic in the echo parakeet isolates ( codons 88 , 148 , 167 , 176 , and 234 ) appeared to be much less variable in the rose - ringed parakeet isolates . only codons 148 and 167 showed nonsynonymous polymorphism .
however , in some parts of south asia - from where the rose - ringed parakeets originated , populations of these birds are decreasing due to trapping for the pet trade . despite some people ' s attempts to revive their population by freeing these birds from local markets , the rose - ringed parakeet ' s population has dropped drastically in many areas of the indian subcontinent .
numerous striking color mutations of rose - ringed parakeets have occurred in captivity , including white ( albinos ) , blue , grey and lutino ( yellow ) .
phylogenetic relationships between bfdv isolates from the echo parakeet and rose - ringed parakeet inferred from bayesian analysis using beast ( the tree was automatically rooted using a relaxed clock model ) . nodes with a posterior probability of ≥0 . 9 are indicated with an asterisk and with a double dagger for
khan ha ; beg ma ; khan aa , 2004 . breeding habits of the rose - ringed parakeet psittacula krameri in the cultivations of central punjab . pakistan journal of zoology , 36 ( 2 ) : 133 - 138 .
sheehey a ; mansfield b , 2009 . wild rose - ringed parakeets psittacula krameri . nature alley . weldon , california , usa : nature alley , unpaginated . urltoken
correction : this story has been updated to reflect the fact that rose - ringed parakeets are native to the entire region from the himalayan foothills to sub - saharan africa .
mabb kt , 1997 . nesting behavior of amazona parrots and rose - ringed parakeets in the san gabriel valley , california . western birds , 28 : 209 - 217 .
“there were a lot of other birds that escaped , but it seemed like the rose - ringed parakeets were the only ones that successfully started breeding , ” sheehey says .
these gregarious tropical parakeets are popular in the pet industry , and their numbers are decreasing in some areas due to trapping for the pet trade . the rose - ringed parakeet ' s population has dropped dramatically in many areas of the indian subcontinent .
brooks je ; hussain i ; ahmad e , 1988 . a partial research bibliography of the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) . islamabad , pakistan : national agricultural research centre , 16 pp . [ technical report no . 15 . ]
this rose ringed parakeet is one of the non migrating species among the parrot . they are successfully adapted to live in the disturbed habitats and human habitats . this species is one of the noisy species and it often makes an unmistakable squawking call .
these birds where first bred by the people of india at least 3 , 000 years ago , and colour mutations of rose - ringed parakeets were also bred . the royals prized them as pets and for their ability to speak . it was a popular status symbol in indian culture to have a rose - ringed parakeet . they were the first parrots brought to europe and the greeks were the first europeans to breed them .
. . . on the basis of sequence homology of cytb gene , the pakistani wild rose - ringed parakeet can be classified as sub - species of p . k . manillensis but the deviation in cytb gene sequence of pakistani wild rose - ringed parakeets is pointing towards independent evolution of this species as an ecocline in pakistan . the geographical heterogeneity exerts evolutionary pressure to a specie to adopt the status of an ecocline to that extent which evolves it into sub - species ( groombridge et al . , 2004 ) . for example mandible size in the african rose - ringed parakeets ( p . . . .
behaviour : rose - ringed parakeet is a foolhardy and opportunistic bird . it has been introduced as cage - bird , but this species is able to adapt very well . it lives in more or less large groups in most of the big cities .
the rose - ringed parakeet is considered one of the best talking parakeets and can learn a vocabulary of up to 250 words . now these birds come in many mutations , including the common green , blue , grey and lutino among many other colors .
range : rose - ringed parakeet ranges from central africa to uganda , southern asia , india and sri lanka . it has been introduced in middle and far east , north america , england , the netherlands , belgium and germany . it is very cosmopolitan .
to not correspond to the pbfd outbreak . this group includes rose - ringed parakeets sampled at the same time as the pbfd outbreak in the echo parakeet population . the second group ( highlighted by the gray box ) , comprising just three isolates , have the 14h34l
) . in contrast , there is little difference between the estimated evolutionary rates from the rose - ringed parakeet isolates and their randomized results , suggesting that there is no temporal structure . taken together , these results suggest that the high evolutionary rate estimated from the bfdv
there are about 30 , 000 of the bright green rose - ringed parakeets in london , with more in surrey and kent , and their numbers could reach 50 , 000 by 2010 .
many rose ringed parakeets are in decline and several birds have become extinct . the major reason for the threats is habitat loss , hunting , degradation , wild bird trading and so on .
editor ' s note : thanks to our eagle - eyed readers for spotting that in the above photo , the bird fourth from the left on the top wire is not a rose - ringed parakeet . a consultation with bird expert kenn kaufman confirms the suspicion that it is either a red - breasted parakeet or a hybrid involving that species .
the rose - ringed parakeet has established feral populations in india and a number of european cities . there are stable populations in florida and california , united states . small populations are also found in tehran , iran ( mostly concentrated in the northern parts of city ) .
rose - ringed parakeets are generally hardy and require less interaction than most other parakeets of their size . however , they require at least half an hour of interaction a day to remain friendly .
none are listed as threatened . among the endangered psittacines are several species of interest to aviculturists : the paradise parakeet ( psephotus pulcherri mus ) , scarlet - chested parakeet ( neophema splendida ) , and turquoise parakeet ( n pulchella ) .
native to the indian subcontinent and sub - saharan africa , the rose - ringed parakeet is enjoying a population explosion in many london suburbs , turning a once - exotic bird into a notorious pest that awakens children , monopolizes garden bird feeders and might even threaten british crops .
they require a relatively tall cage because of their long tails . a rose - ringed parakeet who will be spending most of his / her day inside the cage needs a larger cage that can also accommodate lots of toys and perches . an appropriate cage would have . . .
cage because of their long tails . a rose - ringed parakeet who will be spending most of his / her day inside the cage should be kept in a cage about 60 cm ( 24
) wide x 45 cm ( 18
) deep x 90 cm ( 36
) high , though the larger the better , and the bar spacing should be between 1 . 25 cm ( 1 / 2 inch ) and 1 . 875 cm ( 3 / 4 inch ) . rose - ringed parakeets are avid chewers and climbers and should therefore be provided with chewing toys in their cages . the cages should be in a place out of direct sunlight and free of drafts . a pet or captive rose - ringed parakeet should be kept in a
if your parakeet has become too noisy or disobedient or aggressive , our parakeet training course will teach you how to train it and stop it from screaming and biting .
reproduction : the rose - ringed parakeet’s nest is a hole in tree . but when they live in towns , they can nest in any available high cavity , such as a crevice in a wall , under a roof , an old magpie nest… the nest is lined with rotten wood .
shows the rate estimated from the strict clock for the echo parakeet isolates and the relaxed clock ( uncorrelated lognormal ) for the rose - ringed isolates . the inferred rates do not differ substantially between the two genes or between the two host populations , although the 95 % hpd intervals for the
the rose - ringed parakeet lives in places where there’s an abundance of nuts , seeds and fruity supplemented by other crops , such as wheat , maize , coffee , dates , figs and guavas . these foods ripen at different times , sustaining the parakeet throughout the year if food is scarce due to a failed crop , for example , the parakeet leaves its home range to eat whatever plant matter it finds . large flocks of the rose - ringed parakeet gather to feast on heavily laden fruit trees or spilled grain . the birds themselves have learned how to tear open sacks of grain or rice in farmyards and railway depots . get stuck in the hooked bill can rip tough - skinned fruit ( far right ) and open hard - shelled nuts .
considering the proximity of the two parrot populations in mauritius and the recent common ancestry of the host species ( 22 ) , we expected to find good evidence for viral transmission . indeed , the phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of bfdv allele sharing between the two populations . although the literature ( 28 ) and field reports indicate behavioral and ecological separation between the parrot populations in mauritius , the environmental stability of bfdv ( 62 ) means that the virus still can be indirectly transmitted . the most recent common ancestor for all echo parakeet isolates dates to around 1959 ( or 1949 when the rose - ringed isolates are included in the analysis ) , which approximately coincides with a period when the rose - ringed parakeet started expanding into native forest , coming into direct competition with the echo parakeet for nest sites ( 6 ) . interestingly , the oldest rose - ringed parakeet isolate was taken from a bird housed in aviaries that were central to the initial recovery of the echo parakeets . thus , the apparent transmission of bfdv actually may in some cases be attributable to human intervention . although the evidence for viral transmission between the two parrot populations appears to be clear , the evidence for the rose - ringed parakeets being the source of the pbfd outbreak is more equivocal . we only identified three rose - ringed parakeet isolates that possessed the 14h34l rep allele , and all of them were collected at least one season after the outbreak . one possibility is that the mutations responsible for the outbreak originated in the echo parakeet population with subsequent transmission to the rose - ringed population . indeed , one of the three rose - ringed isolates was collected from an individual that most likely became infected after indirect contact with the endemic population ( it was found in an echo parakeet nest in the 2006 / 07 season ) . nevertheless , given the considerable size and distribution of the invasive population , it undoubtedly remains the likeliest source of the pbfd outbreak in the echo parakeets . it may be that our sampling of this population prior to 2005 / 06 was not sufficient to identify the 14h34l mutations .
alleles were present in the majority of echo parakeet isolates . from early 2005 a new
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perez - riviera r , 2001 . comments on kirwan ' s first record of the rose - ringed parakeets ( psittacula krameri ) in the west - indies . el pitirre , 14 ( 1 ) : 9 .
hi helen , it is almost certainly a lovebird . they were originally aviary escapees like the rose - ringed parakeet and are breeding in the wild . i went for a bird walk in delta park with geoff lockwood a couple of years ago and we saw a love - bird and a parakeet that had teamed up as a pair . geoff said that some species are even interbreeding . liz
4 . parrots are usually bright colored birds . these rose ringed parakeets are yellow , blue , olive , cinnamon , lutino , white , blue - white , yellow - green , and white - yellow in colour .
parau , l . , strubbe , d . , mori , e . , menchetti , m . , ancillotto , l . , van kleunen , a . et al . ( 2016 ) rose - ringed parakeet populations and numbers in europe : a complete overview . open journal of ornithology , 9 , 1–13
the rose - ringed parakeet , which includes the indian ringneck and the african ringneck subspecies , is the most widely scattered member of the race of parrots and is spread throughout asia and parts of africa . they are found in india , china , ceylon , africa , tibet , nepal and many adjacent islands .
rose - ringed parakeet : most widespread parrot in the old world , found across africa , india , and southern asia . populations of escaped birds are established in florida , southern california , and parts of the caribbean . found in nearly all types of lowland habitat from forests to farms , marshes and grasslands .
indian ring - necked parakeet personality , food & care | pet birds by lafeber co .
the echo parakeet is a conservation success story and has been upgraded to the endangered classification .
1 . indian - ring necked ( aka irn ) parakeet with the scientific name p .
• true parakeets are split into 4 genera . psittacula includes the rose - ringed parakeet and 1 other species ; bolborhynchus and brotogeris have 5 and 7 species , respectively ; the monk parakeet is sole member of myiopsitta . parakeets belong to the family psittacidae , with about 350 species , includ - | ing parrots , lovebirds and macaws . almost a third of | the species in psittacidae are currently endangered .
alien species are one of the major causes contributing to biodiversity loss . in europe , over 340 alien bird species have been recorded in the wild , of which 74 are established . among 12 established alien parrot species in europe , the rose - ringed parakeet ( rrp ) psittacula krameri is the most abundant and widespread .
the rose - ringed parakeet or indian ringneck is classified as a smaller parrot known as the parakeet . they are green with undertones of blue , the male has a black ring around his neck . they grow to 40 cm ( 16 inches ) . its average single wing length is about 15–17 . 5 cm ( 6 - 7 inches ) . rose - ringed parakeet is sexually dimorphic which means differences in the physiology of the male and female of the species . both the male and female can mimicry , the abilility to mimic human speech . they are part of the true parrots family of which about 330 species of birds belonging to the psittacidae family . they originate from the southern indian subcontinent . but have spread far and wide .
captive rose - ringed parakeets should be fed a nutritionally balanced diet of pellets and seeds , and the appreciated fruit , vegetable or nut treat should also be offered often . they should always have access to fresh water in their cages .
shwartz a ; strubbe d ; butler cj ; matthysen e ; kark s , 2009 . the effect of enemy - release and climate conditions on invasive birds : a regional test using the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) as a case study . diversity and distributions , 15 ( 2 ) : 310 - 318 . urltoken
new records of invasive parakeet hybrids in spain . a great opportunity to apply the rapid response mechanism
i want ringneck parakeet ( blue ) . where will i get & what is its cost ?
the main food for the wild rose ringed parrot is seeds , fruits , nectar , pollen , vegetables , buds , arthropods and other animal prey . most of the parrots are seed predators and they are not seed dispersers . this rose ringed parakeet is one of the famous pet parrots in the world . so , the main food for the pet parrots is fruits and vegetables . variety of nutritious grains such as quinoa , oats , wheat , barley , pasta , cooked brown rice , cooked beans , lentils and peas are one of the excellent diets for this pet parrot .
there are four subspecies in rose ringed parrot . these four species are very similar in their size and not having much difference . among this four , two species are found in africa and two species are found in asia . that is ,
diet : the rose - ringed parakeet feeds on seeds , berries , flowers and nectar . after the breeding season , in some places , they arrive in groups and feed on grain , rice and maize in cultivated areas , but they also devastate orchards and coffee plantations . in california , they consume pecan nuts , buds and varied fruits .
hardy jw , 1964 . ringed parakeets nesting in los angeles , california . the condor , 66 : 445 - 447 .
captive rose - ringed parakeets should be fed a nutritionally balanced diet of pellets * and unfortified / organic seeds , and fresh fruits , vegetables and greenfood should be made available . they love nuts - but those should only be given as treats .
i live in paulshof in the north of johannesburg . yesterday i spotted a green bird that looked like a parrot flying around my complex . i live close by to the rietfontein nature reserve but i doubt that it came from there . it did not have a long tail like the above rose - ringed parakeet . what else could it be ?
the rapid growth of the parakeet population may pose a threat to other birds , authorities have said .
gene from echo parakeet isolates is well supported . there is marginal support for the rate estimated from the
far from being threatened , as is the case with many parrot species , the rose - ringed parakeet is itself a major pest for farmers as well as other wildlife in india , pakistan and elsewhere . the parakeet has a habit of taking just a few bites from each fruit before discarding it and plucking another one , so the species can seriously damage fruit crops . in europe , it often out - competes native birds for both food and nest sites . |
the department for environment food and rural affairs ( defra ) has commissioned a study into the parakeet threat .
“this type of parakeet roosts together , presumably because there is safety in numbers , ” ikeda told me .
kirkpatrick w ; marting g , 2005 . indian ringneck parakeet . pestnote , 3 : 1 - 2 .
just fill in your details and take the first step to having a lovable , friendly parakeet . . .
the indian ringneck parakeet is a sub - species of the rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) and the many sub - species are scattered throughout africa and asia . the indian ringneck is an asiatic parrot and originally from ceylon though it ' s now found in many parts of asia , notably india and pakistan . they can also be found in western and southern areas of sudan and are quite popular in the middle east where they are bred and found in the wild .
the three members of this family found in the united states occur as small populations that escaped from captivity , and rely on non - native fruiting trees for survival . the rose - ringed parakeet has become established in hawaii and cities in california , the rosy - faced lovebird occurs in some towns and cities in arizona , and the budgerigar has nearly disappeared from southern florida .
bedecked with emerald green feathers and a rose - red beak , the ring - neck parakeet brings a touch of tropical glamour to suburban gardens in london and the south east . there have also been sightings in the north west and in scotland .
species is one of few parrot species that have successfully adapted to living in ' disturbed habitats ' , and in that way withstood the onslaught of urbanisation and deforestation . in the wild , this is a noisy species with an unmistakable squawking call . rose - ringed parakeets are
spotted a parakeet in denton , a suburb of manchester . later someone spotted one in a garden in derbyshire .
hi i have plum - headed parakeet for sale please contact me at sumeet _ kpoor8 @ yahoo . com .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto the rose - ringed parakeet’s typical call is a loud shrill , “kii - a” or “kii - ak” while flying , or when perched on a tree . other loud calls may be heard , such as “kyik - kyik - kyik” . in captivity , it is a very good imitator for home noises , and it is able to produce some words .
it’s unusual to see the rose - ringed parakeet alone or in a pair , except in the breeding season . for most of the year , the bird lives in flocks , which may be thousands - strong in parts of india . the parakeet squabbles frequently with its companions , but fights are rare , as they reserve their aggression for driving away predators , such as hawks . the parakeets all join in to mob their enemy , flapping their wings , pecking and screaming until it retreats . the agile parakeet uses its bill like a third foot when climbing . it stretches its neck out and takes a hold on a suitable branch with its bill , before following with its feet . the parakeet uses a similar method when walking on a narrow perch . a sitting pretty a long tail and opposing toes help the parakeet perch on thin branches .
looking like a giant rose - ringed parakeet , the alexandrine i parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) is the largest member of its genus . both parakeets have the streamlined body shape shared by all parakeets , but the larger species is 23″ long , weighs up to ii oz . and is equipped with a truly massive bill . it differs from its smaller relative in having a purple - red patch on the shoulders and a thicker , almost moustachelike collar it’s possible to see the two species side by side in sri lanka and parts of southern india , but the alexandrine parakeet is relatively uncommon and less tolerant of human activities .
the parrots have very strong bills . so , they use this bill to climb trees . on an average , they live up to 25 to 30 years . parrots come under the category of zygodactylous . the zygodactylous bird has four toes . the first and fourth toes are directed towards back ward and the second and third toes are pointed towards forward . we may differentiate male and female parakeets by using sexual dimorphism . the male rose ringed parakeets have black ring neck and pink band in the nape . this unique ring is absent in the female rose ringed parakeets .
the rose - ringed parakeets ( psittacula krameri ) - also known as ring - necked parakeets - are endemic to northern and west africa in guinea , senegal and southern mauretania east to western uganda and southern sudan ; as well as southern asia ( depending on the sub - species ) .
it is also one of the popular pet parrots . the quick classification of the ring necked parakeet is as below ,
by the 1980s , there were feral parakeet populations established in tokyo , osaka and nagoya , as well as in niigata and kyushu . there are also feral rose - ringed parakeets in london , amsterdam and a number of other cities where the birds where introduced as pets . cold doesn’t seem to be a problem ; their wild counterparts are found at elevations of up to 2 , 000 meters in the himalayas .
new records of invasive parakeet hybrids in spain . a great opportunity to apply the rapid response mechanism : european journal of ecology
during the breeding season , the groups disperse . some courtship displays show the female rolling the eyes while twittering , and drawing semi - circles with the head while she moves the wings . at the same time , the male struts . they touch their beaks , and the male performs courtship feeding to the female while it raises one leg . at this moment , both birds utter soft sounds . the rose - ringed parakeet is monogamous .
gene analyses from rose - ringed isolates are very wide , suggesting that there may not be very much temporal structure . given the phylogenetic evidence for allele - sharing between the two host populations , we also estimated the rate based on the combined data where there was sufficient evidence to reject the strict molecular clock for the
habitat : rose - ringed parakeet is common in cultivated areas , urban parks and gardens , open countryside with trees , palm - trees thickets , dry and open forest . it also may be found in semi - desert areas and second grow open jungles , mainly in lowlands . it frequents semi - desert savannahs with short grass , open bushy areas , wooded valleys and evergreen forests . this species is now common in the large urban parks .
the rose - ringed parakeet is another of these new inhabitants . these beautiful green birds , with fabulous turquoise tail feathers get their names from the red neck - ring which the male has ( seen on the top bird on the above ) . they are noisy gregarious birds who announce their presence with loud squawks . we have heard them often here at liz at lancaster both flying over and sitting on the bare branches of the neighbour’s tree .
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reunion ring - necked parakeet psittacula eques extinct c . 1800 lived on the reunion island of the mascarene islands in the western indian ocean
the rose - ringed parakeet is a small bird , measuring 35 to 45 cm in length and weighing 100 to 150 grams . the overall plumage is yellowish green . these birds are sexually dimorphic . the adult male has a rose and black neck ring and the female has a very pale gray ring . the upper mandible is curved , strong , red in color with black or pale yellow tip . the lower mandible is grayish . there is a black patch on the chin . the irises are yellowish - white . the feet are gray . numerous color mutations have occurred while breeding in captivity . their call is a squawking sound .
collar , n . , kirwan , g . m . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . rose - ringed parakeet ( psittacula krameri ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
evolutionary rate of the capsid and rep bfdv genes ( mean and 95 % hpd ) estimated from the true dates of sample isolation ( labeled as the “t” data point ) and from the shuffled dates of isolation . analyses using the shuffled dates were performed using a gtr + γ + i model of evolution and a relaxed ( uncorrelated lognormal ) molecular clock . ( a ) results from the echo parakeet data set indicate no overlap between the estimates from the true dates and from the shuffled dates , indicating good temporal signal . ( b ) results from the rose - ringed parakeet isolates indicate no clear temporal signal .
so far british scientists have not documented either problem , said hannah peck , a graduate student with project parakeet , but they remain watchful .
on average , this parakeet can live between 25 and 30 years . instances of ringnecks living past the age of fifty have been authenticated .
british officials are watching trends closely since the parakeets have proved major agricultural pests elsewhere , ravaging crops in places like india . so far , they have shown little predilection for leaving europe ’s cities and suburbs for agricultural areas . ( far smaller flocks of rose - ringed parakeets have also arrived in other european cities like brussels and amsterdam . )
the indian ring - necked parakeet , also called the rose - winged parakeet , has been kept as a pet for centuries and remains a favorite companion bird today . a devoted owner will do best with this temperamental bird that requires a great deal of attention to remain tame . however , the indian ring - necked will charm and delight the person who takes the time to appreciate its other qualities — a playful exuberance and a remarkable talking ability .
parakeets of their size . this makes them ideal for a bird owner who cannot spend as much time with his / her bird as other species need . rose - ringed parakeets can cope with as little as half an hour of interaction a day . however , they can become untame if not provided with daily interaction , especially during their early months .
just for interest sake , i spotted a pair of stunning light green long tailed birds ( probably the rose - ringed parakeets ) at willson / kings park in berario , northcliff last weekend . they were a very light green ? they flew about in the area where the fairlands spruit runs through berario – fairlands . beautiful sighting – made my day !
prevention , early warning and rapid response are the most effective measures in preventing the impacts of invasive species . the rose - ringed parakeet psittacula krameri , is an invasive species widely spread across europe , including spain . the alexandrine parakeet psittacula eupatria is also an invasive species established in europe , but not in spain , although a species distribution model classified parts of spain as ‘highly suitable’ and an invasion risk assessment predicted a ‘high risk of invasion’ in europe . the first hybrids from these two species were recently detected in spain . based on these data , we suggest to capture the hybrids to prevent further invasion and possible interaction with other invasive parakeets in spain .
there is also concern that the wily parakeet will outcompete more restrained british birds like the nuthatch , since both species nest in holes in old trees .
is also known as the ring necked parakeet and is one of the gregarious tropical asian parrot species which has been seen in an extremely large range .
plum - headed parakeets are closely related to blossom - headed parakeets and slaty - headed parakeets and are capable of breeding . to avoid producing hybrid birds that damage the limited captive gene pool of each distinct species , these birds should not be housed together . hybrids between male rose - ringed parakeets ( indian ringneck ) and female plum - headed parakeets have also been reported .
parrots and parakeets have long been favorites with exotic - bird fanciers . there are probably a few escapees somewhere of every species of parrot imported into the united states . rose - ringed , canary - winged , and monk parakeets , budgerigars , and several of the large amazona parrots ( especially the yellow - headed parrot ) each now exist in small , stable , feral populations .
pithon j , 1998 . the status and ecology of the ring - necked parakeet psittacula krameri in great britain . york , uk : university of york .
a ( data not shown ) . the estimated nucleotide diversity ( π ) of bfdv in each echo parakeet breeding season from 2004 / 05 is shown in
as its name suggests , the indian ring - necked parakeet originates from india , where it is still found wild in great quantities , even in urban areas .
( in italics ) genes are indicated . to ease visualization , we include only 15 isolates from the echo parakeet population representing all of the major genotypes identified in
a greenhouse young birds lack collars , so they look more like the female than the male ( above ) . pairs of rose - ringed parakeets stay together for life , but the male and female renew their pair bond every year during the courtship display , the male approaches his mate while fanning his tail and repeatedly dilating , then contracting the pupils of his eyes . the male feeds the female beak to beak ; she rolls her eyes and rubs bills with her partner : the rose - ringed parakeet usually nests in an unlined tree hole about 10 - 33′ above the ground . it often makes use of an old woodpecker hole , which the parakeet may first enlarge with its bill . in urban areas , breeding pairs sometimes nest in holes in walls and buildings , even in noisy areas , such as near a busy street market . the female incubates the eggs for more than three weeks , while she is fed and guarded by her mate . the naked chicks hatch and their eyes open ten days later : both parents feed the young for 7 - 8 weeks , regurgitating partly digested food into their bills .
individually , any of the rose - ringed parakeets could be the star of a dreamworks film , electric green with bright pink beaks and the voluble personalities that have long made the tropical species a popular household pet . but for people who frequent the park or live nearby , the visceral experience is more like “ the birds ” — albeit with more color and a much noisier soundtrack than the hitchcock film .
a estimates obtained by combining the data from the two host populations are also shown . for each data set , we only included results from the significant clock model , i . e . , the strict clock was rejected for the rose - ringed and combined datasets ( in favor of the relaxed uncorrelated lognormal clock [ uln ] , which had a higher marginal likelihood than the relaxed uncorrelated exponential clock ) .
we screened for bfdv using a pcr assay targeting a 717 - bp region of orf1 ( rep gene ) ( 65 ) . the reaction volume comprised 1 μl of dna extracted from parrot blood , 2 . 5 μl of nh 4 buffer ( 10× ) , 0 . 75 μl of mgcl 2 ( 50 mm ) , 0 . 5 μl of each primer at 25 pmol / μl ( primers 2 and 4 [ 65 ] ) , and 0 . 2 μl of taq polymerase ( 5 u / μl ) made up to 25 μl with dna - grade water . reactions were run as follows : 92°c for 3 min , followed by 30 cycles of 92°c for 30 s , 57°c for 30 s and 72°c for 45 s , with a final 10 min at 72°c . we included the extraction blank and a negative control in all of the pcrs to check for contamination . of the 163 echo parakeet samples that tested positive , 74 were sequenced at orf1 by macrogen ( korea ) using bigdye terminator reactions . of the 46 rose - ringed parakeet samples that tested positive , 31 were sequenced at orf1 . we targeted a 765 - bp region comprising most of orf2 ( capsid gene ) ( 23 ) in samples that tested positive for the presence of bfdv . the reaction volumes and cycling conditions were identical to the orf1 pcr except for the annealing temperature , which was reduced to 54°c . we sequenced 47 echo parakeet and 31 rose - ringed parakeet bfdv isolates at orf2 .
â â the indian ringneck parakeets have been held in admiration and esteem since ancient times . they are a large parakeet , sought after for the superiority in their form and beauty , their ability to speak , their intelligence and trainability , and because they are easy to breed . this parakeet , the indian ringneck parakeet , has been a long time favorite for bird lovers ! there are many color combinations that can be produced , which is a fun challenge and fascination for many breeders ! check out the
the indian ringneck parakeets have been held in admiration and esteem since ancient times . they are a large parakeet , sought after for the superiority in their form and beauty , their ability to speak , their intelligence and trainability , and because they are easy to breed . the indian ringneck parakeet has been a long time favorite for bird lovers !
slaty - headed parakeet psittacula himalayana length 16
- tail is half the length weight 100 grams range : afghanistan , northern india , nepal and assam exhibits altitudinal migration .
hi is there no ringneck parakeet bird park where they can get their fruit and veggies and seeds free ? ? where they have freedom to fly away from human abuse…… .
blood samples were taken during each breeding season ( september to may ) from echo parakeets and feral rose - ringed parakeets between 1993 and 1998 and between 2003 and 2009 ( there was no sampling between 1999 and 2002 due to no obvious presence of disease ) . the field teams involved in sampling the birds followed strict anticontamination protocols , including soaking all field equipment in virkon for 48 h between visits to different host nest sites . since 2004 this sampling was carried out regardless of apparent disease status and represented between 22 and 41 % of the known population of echo parakeets each season . in total , 592 echo parakeets and 125 feral rose - ringed parakeets were sampled . dna was extracted from 50 to 100 μl of whole blood using a standard phenol - chloroform extraction protocol ( 54 ) . an extraction blank was included to check that there was no contamination .
the following habitats are found across the ring - necked parakeet distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .
rodriquez ring - necked parakeet psittacula exsul also known as the newton ' s parrot extinct c . 1875 lived on the rodriquez island of the mascarene islands in the western indian ocean


ebaziya ( foaled 18 march 1989 ) is a retired irish-bred thoroughbred racehorse and mare who won three listed races .

as a broodmare , she has bred four individual group 1 winners .

ebaziya

enzeli was sired by kahyasi out of the dam ebaziya enzeli was foaled on 01 of january in 1995 .
ebaziya joined the true broodmare greats when daughter , estimate , won thursday’s gp1 gold for her majesty the queen . in doing so , estimate became , not only the second gold cup winner produced by her dam , but the fourth individual gp1 winner ! ebaziya ( darshaan ) is the first since feemoss ( levmoss , le moss ) to have produced two individual gold cup winners .
estimate’s dam ebaziya had ironically been an 80th birthday present to the queen , a keen racehorse breeder , from the aga khan who remains synonymous with the ill - fated shergar’s success in the 1981 epsom derby .
other mares to have bred more than one gold cup winner include astronomie , trimestral and barbelle . what makes ebaziya’s feat of breeding four individual g1 winners remarkable is that they are by four different sires from three different sire lines .
ezallis dam ezilla and estimates dam ebaziya are full sisters by the great broodmare sire darshaan , and so are lettre spirituelles dam epistole and simenons dam epistoliere ( both by alzao ) . simenon will now be aimed at the melbourne cup .
the first presentation of the evening was the irish field “blue hen” award , won by william mcneile from the united kingdom , who was presented with a cheque for €250 and trophy for his article on ebaziya which will be published in the irish field in the coming weeks .
the aga khan bred filly estimate ( by monsun ex ebaziya ) wins the ascot gold cup for the queen and sir michael stoute . second is the tough simenon ( marju ex epistoliere ) , trained by willie mullins , johnny murtagh up and third is joerg vasiceks top trip .
ebaziya ( ire ) b . f , 1989 { 13 - c } dp = 3 - 2 - 7 - 2 - 12 ( 26 ) di = 0 . 49 cd = - 0 . 69 - 9 starts , 4 wins , 2 places , 2 shows career earnings : $ 72 , 604
given her race record , estimate naturally owns the potential to become a pivotal mare for the royal studs . however , she is also supported by an extremely strong family that descends from albanilla , also the ancestress of darshaan ; bred by the aga khan’s studs , estimate is out of ebaziya and therefore a half - sister to g1 winners ebadiyla , enzeli and edabiya .
taghrooda’s dam ezima is the product of an oft - tried and highly successful cross , as she’s by sadler’s wells out of a mare by darshaan . ezima did her bit for the nick’s statistics winning three irish listed races at up to 14f . ezima is very closely related to an even better product of the sadler’s wells / darshaan cross , in the irish oaks - gr . 1 and grand prix de paris - gr . 1 heroine ebadiyla , who is out of ebaziya , a sister to ezima’s dam ezilla .
ebaziya is dam of two other very good performers in enzeli and estimate , who both recorded success in england’s premier stamina contest , the 20f ascot gold cup - gr . 1 . ezilla was bred by park place international , but she has a strong aga khan / marcel boussac background , as not only was her sire darshaan , bred by his highness from a boussac family , but ezilla’s dam ezana , was also bred by the aga khan out of evisa , a half - sister to darshaan’s third dam marilla . this is a branch of boussac’s most famous family , that of frizette , also eventually ancestress of mr . prospector and seattle slew .
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n . 18 urltoken dariyan ex masaola , bred by mr and mrs renk .
he is a nice strong foal , he is well developed and we’re very happy with him .
georges rimaud
owner : his highness the aga khan ' s studs s c breeder : h . h . aga khan winnings : 9 starts : 4 - 2 - 2 , $ 72 , 604 1st ballysax s . , oyster s . , trigo s . 2nd killavullan s . ( gr . 3 ) 3rd blandford s . ( gr . 2 ) only mare in history to produce 4 individual group 1 winners ; dahlia produced a mix of 4 group 1 and grade 1 winners . ( close )
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no nay never is a member of the third crop of leading freshman sire , scat daddy , who is also sire of u . s . graded scorers lady of shamrock ( gr . i ) , handsome mike , daddy nose best , finale , shared property , scatman and dice flavor , as well as daddy long legs , a group / graded winner in england and dubai . no nay never is out of the elusive quality mare , cat’s eye witness , a half - sister to graded stakes winning sprinter / miler cat’s career . the second dam , comical cat , was by the stayer , exceller , but was herself very speedy ( showing the vagaries of genetics when it comes to distance ) . she’s from a john c . mabee family , and half - sister to half a year , who took the st . james’s palace stakes ( gr . ii ) at royal ascot , and to the dam of event of the year .
rated truenicks a + before his win , no nay never is one of four stakes winners from only 21 starters by scat daddy from gone west line mares , the others including scatman , and el bromista , a chilean juvenile who clocked 1 : 33 and change while taking a grade one event over a mile last weekend . scat daddy is out of a mare by mr . prospector , and no nay never is one of seven stakes winners from 67 starters by scat daddy out of mares by sons or grandsons of mr . prospector . we can note that scat daddy is a northern dancer / mr . prospector cross , and his dam is a reverse of that cross , as is no nay never’s broodmare sire , elusive quality .
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giant ' s causeway ( usa ) - dahlias krissy ( usa ) by kris s .
1845 - 1853 called the emperor ' s plate . in 1917 - 18 run at newmarket as the newmarket gold cup . between 1941 - 1944 the race was run at newmarket at a 2 1 / 4 mile distance . in 2005 the ascot races were held at yorkshire . in 1920 buchan finished first , but was disqualified ; in 1971 the purse was taken away from the winner , rock roi , and awarded to random shot , the second place runner .
racing and breeding information supplied by france galop , the us jockey club and weatherbys group limited .
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the queen welcomes her ascot gold cup winner estimate ( photo : carolinenorris . ie )
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royal ascot is still in full swing but the most thrilling race of the meeting for us has been run yesterday . update : irish kind wins at maisons - laffitte and is khatelas second winner of the week !
both our new mares ezalli and lettre spirituelle have a pedigree update after yesterdays thrilling victory of estimate in the ascot gold cup and simenons courageous second place . this was the first win for her majesty in this historic race and her first group 1 winner since 1977 when dunfermline won the st leger . she now has owned an amazing total of 22 royal ascot winners since her first one which was choir boy in 1953 and most of them were homebred as well .
but our warmest congratulations go to diana and joerg vasicek who own the beautiful and hugely successful kenilworth house stud near clonmel . what an achievement to own and breed one of the best current young staying horses in top trip ( dubai destination ex topka by kahyasi ) .
june is shaping into a lucky months for us and our homebreds continue to run well . busted tycoon notched up a hat - trick when winning very easily again in uttoxeter on wednesday . congratulations to trainer tony martin , rider denis o regan and owner john breslin . bluebell ( owned by coolmore and trained by aidan o brien ) who won her maiden at limerick last week will be seen in stakes company next .
update : khatela follows up with her second winner of the week in the shape of irish kind by cape cross , who wins a conditions race at maisons - laffitte this afternoon . congratulations to trainer m delcher sanchez , owners sunday horses club and rider stephane pasquier . this is our fourth win in the space twelve days !
bluebell in action at limerick last week and at goffs in february 2012 . time flies . . . .
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with promising 3 - year - old light music among those waiting in the wings for the queen this season , 2016 has the potential to become one of the most interesting in the history of the royal studs .
there has already been cause for celebration at the stud this year through the arrival of a dubawi foal out of estimate . the colt is the first foal out of his dam , who provided one of the iconic moments of 2013 when carrying the queen’s colours to victory in the ascot gold cup .
a particularly tough and talented stayer , the daughter of monsun was also trained by sir michael stoute to win the doncaster cup , sagaro stakes and queen’s vase .
“her majesty has inspected estimate’s foal , ” says her racing advisor john warren , “and was absolutely thrilled as he is a strong , healthy , correct and attractive individual . ”
in an industry that relies increasingly on sadler’s wells and danehill blood , the fact she is a daughter of monsun also makes her an interesting mate for a variety of stallions . similar comments apply to her background , which contains no northern dancer – a rarity in today’s era .
while estimate ( pictured with her foal ) is set to return to dubawi this season , another high - profile resident , top australian sprinter sweet idea , is booked to galileo .
sweet idea joined the stud late last year in a purchase facilitated by the sale of queen’s homebred peacock , a royal winner of the fairway stakes in may , to hong kong .
trained by gai waterhouse , sweet idea was a major flagbearer for arrowfield stud’s snitzel – currently one of the most popular stallions in australia - as an eight - time winner who banked just over a $ 2 . 4 million in prize - money . she enjoyed her finest moment when the wide - margin winner of last season’s g1 galaxy at rosehill but was also a multiple g2 winner who ran placed in the g1 golden slipper stakes , g1 coolmore classic , g1 memsie stakes and g1 myer classic .
“the queen sent carlton house to race in australia several years ago and currently has bold sniper in training there , so i’ve been a regular visitor down there in recent seasons , ” says warren . “so sweet idea was a horse who came to our attention . she ticks all the boxes – she’s a mare of g1 calibre who was a top 2 - year - old but also trained on to win at group level at three and four .
“she also nicks brilliantly with galileo as a daughter of snitzel , a grandson of danehill . ”
sweet idea’s pedigree also lends itself to another of europe’s super sires , as warren explains : “she’s out of a mare by timber country and he is from the same fall aspen family as dubai millennium [ sire of dubawi ] . so sending her to dubawi in the future gives us some quite interesting inbreeding . ”
sweet idea is out of the g3 - placed flidais , also the dam of listed winner rush as well as a snitzel yearling colt who realised a $ 1 . 1 million to dean hawthorne at last month’s magic millions gold coast yearling sale . her granddam is g1 winner electronic .
thanks to the recent additions of estimate and sweet idea to the broodmare band , it can be argued that the royal studs has rarely been in ruder health . but the stud is also home to memory , the g2 cherry hinton stakes and g3 albany stakes winner , whose first foal , recorder , looked potentially top class for william haggas when winning last year’s g3 acomb stakes at york .
unfortunately , the son of galileo was ruled out of the remainder of last season by injury and continues to remain on the sidelines for now . however , haggas’ yard does house a potentially exciting 3 - year - old for the queen in the filly light music . by elusive quality out of listed winner medley , she broke her maiden by 14 lengths at leicester and later followed up in the listed radley stakes at newbury , in which she showed a brave attitude to repel another of the queen’s homebreds , make fast , by a neck .
the general consensus following that race was that light music didn’t appreciate the prevailing soft ground at newbury . with that in mind , it wouldn’t be a surprise to see her acquit herself well in good company once she returns to a sound surface this season .
since the vault first published , it has been my goal to research and write about the development of the thoroughbred and the sport in australia and new zealand . while the story of phar lap is universal and the exploits of the incomparable black caviar and so you think turned world attention to thoroughbreds from “down under , ” these contemporary champions are only the most recent in a star - studded history . in fact , australia and new zealand have produced absolutely brilliant individuals that could hold their own in the company of great thoroughbreds anywhere and the history of how these stars came to be is rich and fascinating . as well , uncovering some of this history has only reinforced my sense of how intermingled the families of thoroughbreds are worldwide and how these connections have brought us the individuals who light up the turf from great britain to the usa to india to japan today .
this , then , is the first of a series on thoroughbreds from australia and new zealand and begins , quite properly , with a thumbnail history of the origins of the sport .
( note : being canadian and having few contacts in either australia or new zealand , it has been very difficult trying to discern what books to buy that would give me a good history of the australian and new zealand thoroughbred , including significant people as well as thoroughbred champions . any suggestions from vault readers would be deeply appreciated ! )
the horse wasn’t indigenous to australia , but with the arrival of british colonists it quickly became an essential component of settling the “new” land ( i . e . “new” to the settlers , that is ) .
as is the case worldwide , the australian and new zealand ( aus + nz ) thoroughbred owes its origins to great britain , where the breed originated . however , aus + nz have a history of close collaboration in the development of their thoroughbred horse , much like that of england and ireland . although often lumped together for this reason , aus + nz are , of course , different cultures with different histories , even though australians have embraced new zealand - bred champions as their own . to this day , prestigious trainers like bart cummings ( so you think , kingston rule , saintly and countless other great individuals ) visit the new zealand bloodstock sales looking for future stars — and they are seldom disappointed .
there are , of course , differences in the breed and the sport itself in aus + nz that make comparison with other countries difficult , if not impossible . in the southern hemisphere ( sh ) , a thoroughbred’s birthdate is august 1 , not january 1 as it is in the northern hemisphere ( nh ) . in other words , in any given year , a nh thoroughbred is more than half a year older than a sh thoroughbred . the best way to compare individuals has always been to race them against each other , but sh horses have historically done poorly when shifted to nh climes , and vice versa . there have been a few exceptions , of course , but they are too few and far between to aid in any serious comparison . even black caviar seemed at a distinct disadvantage at royal ascot ; the same might be said of so you think , a great champion in his native australia who adjusted rather poorly to his new digs at ballydoyle .
another unique feature of aus + nz racing is that geldings are invited to run in classic races . and a good thing , too , since a number of aus + nz’s greatest thoroughbreds have been geldings , among them the mighty phar lap , who was bred and born in new zealand and became one of australia’s best - loved thoroughbreds during the depression era .
so you think , a two - time winner of the cox plate , was equine royalty in australia before he was shifted from trainer bart cummings to ballydoyle in ireland . despite his victories in great britain , can we say that we really saw the true so you think ?
champion skyline ( 1955 ) typified the “look” of the aus + nz thoroughbred which focuses on “solid and sensible . ” however , with the recent appetite for speed , we are inclined to wonder if that “look” with its emphasis on stamina is undergoing a qualitative shift .
this painting of hector is an indication of the significance of his arrival to aus in 1830 . the travel companions were also known as old hector and old northumberland respectively , making the tracing of their influence even more complex .
by 1840 the australian racing committee was formed , re - named the australian jockey club ( ajc ) in 1842 . in keeping with their mission to nurture the development of a unique aus thoroughbred , one known for strength and stamina , the ajc inaugurated and organized a program of classic races , the chief among them the vjc derby ( aus oldest derby ) , the ajc derby and the melbourne , sydney , brisbane and caulfield cups . all of the races accepted into the classic program were at distances of 1 . 5 miles or better . other states and jurisdictions in australia developed their own racing clubs in the 19th century , including victoria , which inaugurated its own victoria jockey club in 1864 , as well as queensland , southern and western australia and the island of tasmania . by 1883 , 192 racing clubs were registered with the ajc .
another important early influence was fisherman ( 1853 ) , a british stallion imported by hurtle fisher in 1860 to stand at his stud in victoria , maribyrnong .
fisherman ( 1853 ) was one of the foundation sires of the aus + nz thoroughbred . he is depicted here by the great equine artist , john frederick herring , sr .
if ever a horse was the incarnation of stamina and strength , it had to be fisherman who , during his racing career , won 70 races , including 21 wins from 35 starts in a single racing season . winner of 26 queen’s plate trophies and two ascot gold cups , fisherman on the occasion of his win of the first gold cup , was rewarded by being saddled up the very next day to run in the 3 + m queen’s plate — which he won stylishly , ears pricked . fisherman was one of the best british stayers of the nineteenth century and it was little wonder he exercised such a potent influence on the aus + nz thoroughbred : in a short 5 seasons before his death , the champion sired 10 stakes winners and his progeny boasted a total of 25 stakes wins .
new zealand began to import its earliest thoroughbreds from new south wales ( aus ) in the 1840’s - 1850’s , having been infected by the “racing bug” through the commerce and exchange with its larger australasian neighbour . what new zealand brought to the table was a lush , fertile environment for raising horses , in contrast to the markedly small territory that australia could offer , given its vast reaches of dry , arable land . by 1890 , nz racing had been organized under a central authority when all of its racing clubs were affiliated with the nz racing conference . what began as the influence of one neighbour upon another continues between aus + nz to this day , a recent example being m . j . moran and piper farm’s ( nz ) superstar , so you think , who quickly earned the love and respect of australian racegoers . so you think is just one of many champions to travel from nz to aus , where they earned the love and loyalty of a racing public who would never forget them .
still another sire of great importance to the flourishing of the breed in new zealand was traducer ( 1857 ) , a son of the libel ( 1842 ) who was imported in 1862 . despite his reputedly savage temperament , traducer got 9 winners of the nz derby and another 8 winners of the canterbury cup , a weight - for - age race run over a 2 . 5 m course .
blink bonny : the peerless daughter of melbourne , won both the epsom derby and oaks in 1857 .
the amazing musket , who had won at distances up to 3m , would give the nz thoroughbred a world - class status .
as great as were musket’s gifts on the turf , in the breeding shed he lent his superb genes to sons trenton ( 1881 ) and martini - henry ( 1880 ) . from the latter would descend the 1946 epsom derby winner , nimbus ( 1943 ) , and the superb grey sovereign ( 1948 ) , twice leading sire in france . the brilliant trenton excelled at stud , producing 404 winners over 9 seasons ; a daughter , rosaline ( 1901 ) , became the grandam of the great british sire , gainsborough ( 1915 ) .
but musket’s most superb gift of all came in 1885 , when carbine was foaled .
wallace was the best of carbine’s sons born in australia and an important sire there . painting by martin stainforth
at welbeck abbey , carbine continued his career as a sire of champions , the arguably most famous among these being the english derby and grand prix de paris winner , spearmint ( 1902 ) . although of delicate constitution himself , spearmint became a sire of classic winners . he also turned out to be a brilliant bm sire . among other spearmint progeny : the great sire chicle ( 1913 ) who sired america’s mother goose ( 1922 ) and was the bm sire of shut out ( 1939 ) ; the 1920 epsom derby winner spion kop ( 1917 ) ; johren ( 1915 ) , winner of the belmont stakes in 1918 and an american hoty ; the 1922 st leger stakes winner royal lancer ( 1919 ) ; as well as spike island ( 1919 ) , winner of the 1922 irish derby ; the exceptional filly fausta ( 1911 ) , winner of the 1914 italian derby and oaks ; and spelthorne ( 1922 ) , winner of the 1925 irish st leger stakes .
carbine’s best british son was spearmint . although a fragile runner with poor legs , spearmint’s progeny were noted for their classic lines and it was he more than any other carbine progeny who assured his sire’s place in the development of the thoroughbred .
spearmint’s daughter , plucky liege , exerted an enormous influence on the breed through her sons bull dog and sir gallahad iii .
next time : the series continues with a look at some of the greatest aus + nz champion thoroughbreds in the first part of the twentieth century .
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royal ascot is about to open and in 2014 will host a veritable who’s - who of the british and european turf . an exciting twist for american racing fans is provided by the entry of rosalind , trained by kenny mcpeek , in either the ribblesdale stakes on june 19 or the coronation stakes on friday , june 20 . in addition , verrazano , now in training with aidan o’brien , will be starting in either the queen anne ( june 17 ) or the prince of wales ( june 18 ) stakes .
rosalind is set to make her uk debut in either the ribblesdale or the coronation stakes . both of these races are designed for fillies .
impossible as it is to focus on every horse entered at royal ascot , there are several who have become familiar names to racing fans worldwide . keeping our readership and their needs in mind , we have focused on a few of the star - studded cast who will assemble at royal ascot next week . at the time of this writing , the fields were still not quite set and since several of the entries described below remain co - entered in two different races , readers are encouraged to go to the racing post site for royal ascot to check the racing cards early next week : urltoken
arc winner , treve , is set to kick off in the prince of wales stakes on wednesday , june 18 in what will be her first start on british soil . last seen in neck - to - neck combat with the outstanding cirrus des aigles in april at longchamps in the prix ganay ( below ) , which treve lost by a whisker in her first - ever defeat , trainer cricket head - maarek’s champion seems ready to add another jewel to her crown next week .
as satisfying as it will be for head - maarek to see her great mare return to the winner’s circle at ascot , the prince of wales is thought to be a prep race for treve who’s real objective is likely to be the 1 million purse in the king george vi and queen elizabeth ii stakes at ascot in july , where it is very possible that she will meet up with derby winner , australia . from there , if all goes well , treve will defend her title in the 2015 prix de l’arc de triomphe . if anyone can get her through this arduous campaign it is head - maarek , a trainer of no small merit who hails from the family of freddie head , trainer of the brilliant goldikova . here is treve in - training prior to the prix ganay , with commentary from the distinguished jockey , frankie dettori , who has ridden some of the greatest thoroughbreds of the last twenty years .
the prince of wales is shaping up to be a solid race including aidan o’brien’s 2013 epsom derby winner , ruler of the world , john gosden’s globetrotting mare , the fugue , the william haggas - trained mukhadram , second in last year’s dubai world cup , and dank , trained by sir michael stoute , last seen by north america in her record - setting run in the breeders cup filly and mare turf in november 2013 ( below ) . ( note : ruler of the world is co - entered in the hardwicke stakes , saturday , june 21st . check on monday , june 16 to see where he is going . )
of particular interest to american racing fans will be the entry of verrazano , last year’s winner of the wood memorial , who is now being trained by aidan o’brien . o’brien reports that he is pleased with verrazano’s progress to date . the 4 year - old made his first start for o’brien at newberry in may , where he finished a very respectable third to champion olympic glory in the jlt lockinge stakes ( below ) . ( note : verrazano is co - entered in the queen anne stakes which will run on tuesday , june 17 . verrazano fans should check at on the weekend or monday , june 16 when the entries should be finalized for june 17 . )
olympic glory ( shown in video above in connection with verrazano ) is another champion who has won very consistently over 13 career starts for trainer , richard hannon . a son of choisir , the first australian - trained horse to win at royal ascot ( 2003 ) who became almost as famous for his weird headgear , olympic glory carries “the danehill gene” that never seems to disappoint . accordingly , the colt has won seven times in france and england , and was seen last year at royal ascot winning the queen elizabeth ii stakes ( below ) . despite coming in 4th at longchamps to the mighty cirrus des aigles , expect olympic glory to be well in the mix on opening day .
choisir , the sire of olympic glory , shown here winning the golden jubilee stakes at royal ascot in 2003 . choisir was as famous for his headgear as he was for his immense talent .
perhaps the most heartwarming moment of last year’s royal ascot was the delight of hm the queen as she greeted her filly , estimate , in the winner’s enclosure after the gold cup .
it’s a fair guess that aidan o’brien’s leading light will push estimate to the limit if he can get the distance . successful at navan in may , the son of montjeu has only lost twice in 8 starts . out of the gone wes t mare , dance parade , leading light was the brilliant winner of the st . leger last year as a 3 year - old , and at royal ascot 2013 showed true grit in winning the queen’s vase .
a sentimental favourite is the hardy simenon , whose problem won’t be the distance . rather , it will be his age . at seven , with 38 starts under his belt , simenon may be getting past his best but he’s one of the most honest horses in the race . too , there is richard baldwin’s whiplash willie , who ran a very decent third at sandown last time out to the favourite , brown panther .
another serious contender for the gold cup will be ted dascombe’s brown panther , a son of shirocco and grandson of monsun . as of this writing , brown panther has won his last two races decisively and with 20 starts and 9 wins under his belt , appears to be peaking at just the right moment . the dascombe - trained 6 year - old is currently listed as the favourite going in to royal ascot week , given that his last win came at the gold cup distance over a soggy track at sandown . although it has taken him some time to get there , brown panther deserves the attention he’s getting .
bred by his owner , michael owen , a british and international soccer ( football in the uk ) star who now does football commentary for the british media , brown panther represents the zenith of his owner’s career in horse racing . and he’s come along very nicely under ted dascombe’s patient tutelage , since his male family have a tendency to come into their own rather slowly by today’s standards and dascombe understands this .
as footage of his most recent win at sandown was not available , here is brown panther ( turquoise shirt ) winning the artemis goodwood cup at glorious goodwood a year ago , where he beat the likes of colour vision soundly . by all accounts , he’s an even better distance runner this year .
america’s rosalind will have her work cut out for her , making her first start on grass at royal ascot in either the ribblesdale ( june 19 ) or the coronation stakes ( june 20 ) . either way , she will be in heady company , including a contingent from ballydoyle that includes wonderfully , john gosden’s criteria , roger varian’s excellent sea the stars filly , anipa , godolphin’s ihtimal , john oxx’s talented filly my titania ( another by sea the stars ) , andre fabre’s miss france , together with lightly - raced fillies like wonderstruck , dermot weld’s edelmira or william haggas’ cape cross filly , token of love .
still , rosalind will have a huge fan following from america , where she is a favourite and they will be rooting for her all the way . the daughter of broken vow whose bm sire is theatrical has several excellent grass runners in her pedigree , including britain’s last triple crown winner , nijinsky ii , as well as sassafras and nureyev , who was born and raced in france where he got champion 3 year - old honours . her owners , landaluce educe stables and trainer , kenny mcpeek have little reason to doubt either her quality or her determination . having only finished out of the money twice in 8 starts , rosalind is shown here in a gutsy win over room service in april at keeneland :
however , a little - publicized truth ( according to ballydoyle ) is that the “war fronts can be quite lazy” and war command pulled that card in his most recent outing in may at newmarket , where he finished a dismal 9th in the 2000 guineas , failing to pick up the pace when it counted most . if he does this again at royal ascot , he’ll likely be pummelled by either the brilliant night of thunder or kingman .
night of thunder , a 3 year - old son of dubawi , is trained by the eminent richard hannon . having won 3 of his 4 lifetime starts , the colt has never been out of the money . more importantly , night of thunder is this year’s winner of the quipco 2000 guineas , taking it despite hanging out very far as he and jockey keiron fallon came to the finish . but he beat war command , the subsequent derby winner , australia , as well as a very good colt in kingman despite what could have been a disastrous error :
kingman and night of thunder have been challenging each other throughout the season . while juddmonte’s kingman lost to his rival in the quipco 2000 guineas , he went on to subsequently take the irish 2000 guineas in devastating fashion . the son of invincible spirit has only ever lost once in his 5 lifetime starts . accordingly , prince khalid abdullah and trainer john gosden’s champion has been accorded the status of favourite to take the st . james palace next week :
the war fronts make up a small army , with newcomers war envoy and the great war running in the prestigious coventry stakes for 2 year - olds on june 17 ; guerre and due diligence running on the same day in the king’s stand ; giovanni boldini joining war command in the st . james palace stakes ; and a filly , peace and war is running for sheikh suhaim al thani / qrl / m al kubaisi in the queen mary stakes ( june 18 ) .
elusive quality is represented in the st . james palace stakes ( june 17 ) by michaelmas who runs for ballydoyle ; great white eagle in the jersey stakes for ballydoyle ( june 18 ) ; elusive guest for john guest racing runs in the jersey stakes ( june 18 ) ; and the fabulous mare certify is due to run in the duke of cambridge stakes ( june 18 ) for godolphin .
big brown is represented by the very good colt , darwin , who runs in the king’s stand ( june 17 ) for ballydoyle .
bluegrass cat is represented by biting bullets who runs for mrs . joanna hughes in another 2 year - old race , the windsor castle stakes ( june 17 ) .
quality road has a 2 year - old colt , hootenanny , running in the windsor castle stakes in the colours of tabor , magnier and smith ( june 17 ) .
street cry has street force running in the jersey stakes ( june 18 ) for saeed mañana .
dynaformer is represented by somewhat who runs in the colours of sheikh majid bin mohammed al maktoum in the king edward vii stakes ( june 20 ) .
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federico tesio , who many would regard as the greatest thoroughbred breeder of all time , once famously stated that ' the thoroughbred exists because its selection has depended , not on experts , technicians , or zoologists , but on a piece of wood : the winning post of the epsom derby . if you base your criteria on anything else , you will get something else , not the thoroughbred . '
if one follows the logic of this statement , then surely the ultimate classic mating should be between a winner of the english derby and the female equivalent , the english oaks . the existence of such a horse has been a possibility since the early 1780s , but in more than 230 runnings , prior to 2014 , a horse by the first home in the english derby and out of a mare who was first home in the english oaks had never won a derby at epsom ( although we can note that lammtarra , the 1995 derby hero was by nijinsky ii out of snow bride , who was second home in the 1989 oaks , but who was subsequently awarded the race when the first home aliysa , was disqualified after testing positive for a banned substance ) .
a 525 , 000 guineas yearling , the history making horse australia didn’t look overly expensive at the time , on the basis of his derby winner / oaks winner pedigree . he’s had the reputation of being a coming star for some time , and even potentially the best to come out of ballydoyle in the aidan o’brien era . he’s not only by a derby winner out of an oaks winner , but his parents are actually two of the most distinguished winners of those races .
a son of galileo , the sadler’s wells stallion who most would acknowledge as the world’s leading sire , and an english derby winner who has sired two previous english derby winners , australia is out of the globe - trotting ouija board . heroine of the english oaks in 2004 , ouija board was the european horse of the year in 2004 and 2006 , and champion us turf mare in both of those years . she captured seven gr . 1 events , including the english and irish oaks , two renewals of the breeders’ cup filly and mare turf and the cathay pacific hong kong vase . prior to australia , she produced the mrc easter cup - gr . 3 ( our ) voodoo prince to kingmambo who has been in fine form since being sold to race in australia .
ouija board is by the green desert son and former shuttler cape cross . her dam , selection board ( by welsh pageant ) , is a sister to another horse with form in several different countries in the shape of gelded teleprompter , whose credits included the arlington million - gr . 1 and queen elizabeth ii stakes - gr . 2 . selection board is also half - sister to rosia bay , dam of ibn bey ( a group winner in five different countries , include the irish st leger - gr . 1 , gran premio d’italia - gr . 1 , europa preis - gr . 1 and grosser preis der berliner bank - gr . 1 and roseate tern , winner of the yorkshire oaks - gr . 1 , runner - up in the english oaks and third in the st leger - gr . 1 .
there are a number of other major winners under the third dam , ouija ( by lunchtime’s sire , silly season ) , including gr . 1 winner red bloom , and group winners chatoyant , moiquen and mabadi . ouija board’s fourth dam gradisca ( goya ) , is also dam of the french oaks heroine tahiti , and third dam of the great australian runner kingston town . we should also note that australia is bred by the stanley estate and stud co , stanley being the family name of the earls of derby , the 12th of whom gave the epsom classic its name .
the earls of derby have a long history on the turf , but the family has not been represented as the breeder of a winner of the eponymous classic at epsom since hyperion scored in 1933 ( although watling street took a wartime derby in 1942 ) , both being bred by the 17th earl , the grandfather of the current earl , the 19th holder of the title .
the day before australia’s triumph , another aidan o’brien - trained galileo offspring marvellous had started favorite for the oaks . she could do no better than sixth as the lightly raced taghrooda took her record to three wins in three starts with an impressive 3 . 75 length triumph .
sea the stars , who is by cape cross the broodmare sire of australia , made a relatively quiet start with his first two year - olds in 2013 , although the “vibes” remained plenty positive . in this case the rumours proved well founded and sea the stars is now represented by six stakes winners , taghrooda , being joined as a group scorer by vazira , my titania and afternoon sunlight .
the classic victories by half - brothers made another piece of history . as one might imagine , it’s rather rare for a mare in a major racing jurisdiction to throw derby - winning brother or half - brothers . it’s probably even more rare for both siblings to go on to sire classic winners themselves , and given that , it must be unusual indeed for the pair to get classic winners in the same season . as far as the english derby and oaks are concerned , it appears that prior to this weekend , one has to go back to 1866 , when lord lyon , by “the emperor of stallions” stockwell , took the derby on his way to the becoming the third winner of the english triple crown , and tormentor , by stockwell’s half - brother king tom , captured the oaks , to find the offspring of siblings completing the derby / oaks double in the same year .
given that sea the stars is a half - brother to galileo , it is no surprise that he’s been tried quite frequently with mares by galileo’s sire sadler’s wells . in fact there are 19 foals of racing age on the cross , seven have started with taghrooda , being the only black type performer to date .
observant readers will have noted by now the remarkable similarity in the pedigrees of taghrooda and australia , one by sea the stars , a cape cross half - brother to galileo , out of a sadler’s wells mare , and the other by galileo , a sadler’s wells half - brother to sea the stars , out of a daughter of cape cross .
french classics in recent years , there have been a number of french stallions who , either on the basis of pedigree or racetrack performance , didn’t exactly shape as top commercial prospects when they retired to stud , but have proved to be smart or better stallions . now , to examples such as linamix , chichicastenango , muhtathir and kendargent , we might soon be adding the name of le havre , who is represented by the french 1000 guineas - gr . 1 and oaks - gr . 1 winner avenir certain with his first crop of three year - olds .
there was nothing too much to knock about le havre’s race record . he won four of six starts , and on his last two outings finished second in the french 2000 guineas and the scored a decisive victory in the french derby . le havre’s pedigree is less imposing . his sire noverre , a rahy three - quarter brother to the brilliant juvenile arazi , was a good two year - old and miler , winning the sussex stakes - gr . 1 and champagne stakes - gr . 2 , but made a generally disappointing start , and was exported from ireland to india , where he died young .
le havre’s dam marie rheinberg is by the relatively rarely seen surako , a gr . 3 winner who also finished second in the german derby - gr . 1 and who is by one great german sire konigsstuhl and out of a half - sister to another in surumu . on a brighter tack , we can note that marie rheinberg is half - sister to polar falcon , the sire of pivotal .
avenir certain’s dam , puggy ( by mark of esteem ) , was group placed in england and scandinavia . she is out of jakarta , a machiavellian mare who is half - sister to blue monday ( by mark of esteem’s sire darshaan ) , a talented middle distance runner who won four gr . 3 events in england and france , and was also three time gr . 1 placed at around a 10f . blue monday’s brother lundy’s lane never won a black type event , but was third in the italian derby - gr . 1 . third dam lunda is half - sister to several smart runners , including warrsan , who took two renewals of the coronation cup - gr . 1 ; italian derby - gr . 1 winner luso ; needle gun , a multiple group winner who was second in the italian derby - gr . 1 ; and cloud castle , who won the nell gwyn stakes - gr . 3 and who was second in the prix vermeille - gr . 1 .