the genus was erected by alexey diakonoff in 1952 for the type species batodes serpentinana .

józef razowski ( 2000 , 2009 ) described isodemis proxima from taiwan , and isodemis brevicera , isodemis longicera and isodemis ngoclinha from vietnam .

currently , isodemis consists of twelve species , mainly distributed in south-east asia .

isodemis

the genus isodemis diakonoff , 1952 in china is reviewed , with seven species recognized . three new species are described : isodemis quadratasp . n . , isodemis guangxiensissp . n . and isodemis hainanensissp . n . the female of isodemis stenotera diakonoff , 1983 is described for the first time . variation within isodemis illiberalis ( meyrick , 1918 ) and isodemis stenotera is briefly discussed . images of the adults and genitalia are provided , along with a key to the described species .
isodemis is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily tortricinae of the family tortricidae . the genus was erected by diakonoff in 1952 for the type species batodes serpentinana . diakonoff ( 1976 , 1983 ) transferred tortrix illiberalis to isodemis and described isodemis stenotera from sumatra . razowski ( 2000 , 2009 ) described isodemis proxima from . . .
how can i put and write and define isodemis in a sentence and how is the word isodemis used in a sentence and examples ? 用isodemis造句 , 用isodemis造句 , 用isodemis造句 , isodemis meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
genus : isodemis diakonoff , 1952 . verh . naturf . ges . basel 63 : 147 .
currently ,
isodemis
consists of twelve species , mainly distributed in south - east asia .
record of a lepidopteran pest isodemis serpentinana ( walker ) ( tortricidae : lepidoptera ) on vateria indica l . in karnataka
record of a lepidopteran pest isodemis serpentinana ( walker ) ( tortricidae : lepidoptera ) on vateria indica l . in karnataka | mangala | indian forester
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by t . m . gilligan 1 , j . baixeras 2 , j . w . brown 3 , and k . r . tuck 4
urltoken is pleased to offer the complete world catalogue of the tortricidae ( t @ rts ) ! this is a complete list of all world species , utilizing the world catalogue published in 2005 as the foundation for the database . version 3 . 0 of the online catalogue contains 15 , 099 records representing 10 , 883 species . more than 1 , 600 records have been updated from ver 2 . 0 ( jul , 2012 ) , and more than 3 , 000 records have been updated from the original catalogue . the database is completely searchable and contains photos of over 1 , 200 type specimens .
t @ rts will be updated regularly both with corrections from the original world catalogue and with additions since its publication . as such , these pages will serve as the most up to date information on current tortricid nomenclature . if you find any errors in the data presented here or have any questions / comments , please use the contact form to send the authors an email .
we are indebted to all of the original authors of the world catalogue ( j . w . brown , j . baixeras , r . brown , m . horak , f . komai , e . metzler , j . razowski , and k . tuck ) for providing the basis for this project . we would also like to thank the dozens of individuals who have provided corrections or updates to the database since it was first placed online in 2007 .
gilligan , t . m . , j . baixeras , j . w . brown & k . r . tuck . 2014 . t @ rts : online world catalogue of the tortricidae ( ver . 3 . 0 ) . urltoken
1 colorado state university , bioagricultural sciences and pest management , 1177 campus delivery , fort collins , co 80523 , usa 2 institut cavanilles de biodiversitat i biologia evolutiva , universitat de valencia , apartat oficial 2085 , 46071 valencia , spain 3 systematic entomology laboratory - usda [ retired ] , smithsonian institution , p . o . box 37012 , national museum of natural history , washington , dc 20013 , usa 4 curator - microlepidoptera [ retired ] , entomology department ( dc2 - 2n ) , natural history museum , cromwell road , london sw7 5bd , uk
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tortricidae from vietnam in the collection of the berlin museum . 5 . archipini and sparganothini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae )
tortricidae from vietnam in the collection of the berlin museum . 6 . olethreutinae ( lepidoptera : tortricidae )
diakonoff a ( 1941 ) new asiatic and papuan tortricidae with records of other species ( 3rd communication on indo - malayan and papuan microlepidoptera ) . treubia 18 : 29–44 .
wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der sumba - expedition des museums für völkerkunde und des naturhistorischen museums in basel , 1949 . microlepidoptera . part 1
diakonoff a ( 1952 ) wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der sumba - expedition des museums für völkerkunde und des naturhistorischen museums in basel , 1949 . microlepidoptera . part 1 . verhandlungen der naturforschenden gesellschaft in basel 63 : 137–152 .
documenting the circa 2 , 400 ( and rising ) moth species of hong kong , their distributions , relative abundance , phenology , habitat associations and general ecology . a combination of citizen science ef…
[ more ]
review of the genus hieromantis meyrick from china , with descriptions of three new species ( lepidopt . . .
six species of the genus hieromantis occurring in china are reviewed . hieromantis rectangula sp . n . , h . arcuata sp . n . and h . puerensis sp . n . are described as new , and h . phaeodora meyrick , 1929 is newly recorded in china . photographs of adults and illustrations of genitalia are provided , along with an identification key and a distribution map .
the genus calicotis meyrick , 1889 is recorded from china for the first time . calicotis cuspidata sp . nov . , c . dilatata sp . nov . and c . uncinata sp . nov . are described as new , and c . crucifera meyrick , 1889 is newly recorded for china . photographs of adults and illustrations of the genitalia are provided , along with a key to the identification of the described chinese species and a map to show . . . [ show full abstract ]
cochylis treitschke in china : one new species and five new records ( lepidoptera , tortricidae , cochyl . . .
six species of cochylis treitschke , 1829 are recorded for china . among them , cochylis triangula sp . n . is described as new ; cochylis atricapitana ( stephens , 1852 ) , cochylis discerta razowski , 1970 , cochylis dubitana ( hübner , [ 1799 ] ) , cochylis faustana ( kennel , 1919 ) and cochylis posterana hyrcana ( toll , 1948 ) are recorded for the first time for china . the female of cochylis discerta razowski , . . . [ show full abstract ]
one new species and two new species records of the genus endotricha zeller , 1847 from china ( lepidop . . .
endotricha minutiptera li , sp . n . is described from hainan , china . endotricha loricata moore and e . ragonoti christoph are reported for the first time in china . images of the adults and the genitalia of the three species are provided .
the chinese species of phalonidia le marchand , 1933 are reviewed . sixteen species and one subspecies are treated , including three new species ( p . brevifasciaria , sp . nov . , p . rotundiventralis , sp . nov . , and p . tenuispinifornis , sp . nov . ) and three newly recorded species or subspecies ( p . affinitana tauriana ( kennel , 1899 ) , p . aliena kuznetzov , 1966 , and p . coreana byun & li , 2006 ) . the female . . . [ show full abstract ]
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type - species : batodes serpentinana walker , 1863 . list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . : 317 . [ bhl ]
t @ rts : online world catalogue of the tortricidae ( ver . 2 . 0 )
by gilligan , t . m . , j . baixeras , j . w . brown & k . r . tuck . 2012 .
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» anthology of oxalis corniculata l . by scanning electron microscope in indroda nature park , gujarat , india 39734 views since : 2017 - 12 - 01
tortricidae from vietnam in the collection of the berlin museum . 5 . . . .
this paper is a continuation of the study on the tribe archipini from vietnam . it includes the data on 15 genera
key words : lepidoptera , tortricidae , archipini , sparganothini , new species , vietnam .
tortricidae de vietnam en la colección del museo de berlín . 5 . archipini y sparganothini
este trabajo es una continuación del estudio sobre la tribu archipini de vietnam . incluye los datos sobre 15
palabras clave : lepidoptera , tortricidae , archipini , sparganothini , nuevas especies , vietnam .
collectors : afonin , w . mey , simonov , and v . siniaev .
1995 , siniaev ; sa pa , fan si pan , 1600 m , vii - 1995 ; mt . ngoclinh , 900 - 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1996 ,
m , 8 - xiii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin ; tuan glao , 1200 m , 5 - 10 - xi - 1994 , siniaev ; bach - ma n . p . , 1200
m , 26 - vii / 6 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin .
siniaev ; mt . ngoclinh , 900 - 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin .
distribution : until now known from india : assam , sikkim ; nepal ; china : yunnan .
holotype female from mt . fan si pan , 2400 m , v - 1993 , siniaev & simonov ; gs 75 wien .
description : wing span 15 , 5 mm . head ferruginous brown ; labial palpus 1 , 5 pale rust ; median
part of thorax brownish grey , tegula brown , cream posteriorly . forewing not expanding posteriorly ;
female genitalia ( fig . 19 ) : anteostial sterigma large , tapering proximad , membranous at
this species was described from kashmir . the examined material shows an external and genital
siniaev & afonin ; mt ngoclinh , 900 - 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1995 , same collectors .
description : male . wing span 23 mm . head and thorax pale brownish ; labial palpus ca 1 , 5
reaching about middle ; apex fairly long ; termen sinuate beneath apex , convex postmedially . ground
colour ( worn ) brownish ferruginous , in tornal area ochreous , tinged and sprinkled rust brown .
dots . cilia rust brown , more cream towards tornus . hindwing brownish with orange apical area ; cilia
female : wing span 30 mm . costa sinuate ; apex fairly long , protruding ; termen sinuate beneath
apex , convex postmedially . head and thorax cinnamon brownish ; labial palpus ca 2 , more rust
subapical blotch diffuse with refractive shine . cilia rust brown . hindwing pale orange with pale
minute terminal thorn ; aedeagus rather slender , with dorsoposterior thorn ; cornuti and caulis long .
tortricidae from vietnam in the collection of the berlin museum . 5 . archipini and sparganothini
female genitalia ( fig . 20 ) : posterior edge of antreostial sterigma concave medially , cup - shaped
part broad ; sclerite of antrum weak ; ductus bursae very long ; blade of signum long .
1995 ; mt ngoclingh , 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1996 , siniaev ; bach - ma n . p . , 1200 m , 26 - vii - 1996 , all
described from assam , india ; widely distributed in s . asia ( pakistan , nepal , cjina , india ,
burma , thailand , vietnam , malaysia , indonesia : sumatra , java ) . for synonymies see tuck ( 1990 ) .
holotype male from kon tum , dac glei , 700 m , 6 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin ; gs 118 wiet .
description : wing span 15 mm . head and thorax brownish , labial palpus ( 1 . 3 ) except for
terminal part and base of tegula blackish . forewing weakly expanding posteriorly , costal fold to 1 / 3 ,
costa concave postmedially ; termen beyond sinuate part convexly rounded . termen cream ochreous ,
in basal 3 / 4 suffused pinkish brown , in costal area tinged brown - black . markings and costal fold
blackish brown , typical of the genus ; subapical fascia and apical spot brownish . cilia brown
holotype female from sa pa , fan si pan mts , 25 - 30 - iii - 1995 , w . mey ; gs 115 wiet . paratype
female , not dissected , from bach ma np , 1200 m , 26 - vii / 8 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin .
description : wing span 23 mm . head rust brown , median part of thorax browner ; labial palpus
beneath apex , weakly convex towards m3 . forewing almost unicolorous ochreous rust , paler
brown , this last with some refractive dots . cilia rust brown , paler in dorsal third . hindwing orange ,
in anal half brownish ; cilia pale orange ; subapical group of scent scales absent .
female genitalia ( fig . 21 ) : proximal half of sterigma tapering proximally ; postostial sterigma
long ; cestum to beyond middle of this last ; blade of signum slender .
holotype female from sa pa , fan si pan , 1600 m , june 1994 , v . siniaev ; gs 39 wiet .
paratypes 7 females from same locality , 2400 m , 28 - x - 1994 , v . siniaev ; gs 39 wiet . paratypes 9
description : female . wing span 20 mm . head and thorax cinnamon brown ; labial palpus 1 , 3 .
forewing costa weakly sinuate before apex ; termen similarly so . ground colour brownish cinnamon ;
suffusions and strigulation brownish ; subtornal area and apex more brown . cilia rust brown , blackish
variation : paler and darker specimens , two with costal traces of brownish markings .
female genitalia ( fig . 22 ) : sterigma rather small with cup - shaped proximal part ; sclerite of
inner sclerite and without cestum ; basal half of forewing without rust suffusion and strigulation .
holotype female : mt . ngoclinh , 900 - 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin ; gs 111
description : wing span 20 mm . head and thorax brownish , labial palpus ca 1 , 3 . costa of
weak , pinkish violet . marking reduced to slender rust brown blotch extending from mid - costa to
female genitalia ( fig . 23 ) : sterigma proportionally small ; cup - shaped part less than half length
with short cup - shaped part of sterigma , distinctly tapering proximally and long cestum .
terminal plate of gnathos and narrow transverse brachiola . signum , ductus bursae ( with cestum ) and
3 - xi - 1994 , siniaev ; mt . fan si pan , v - 1993 , 2400 m , siniaev & simonov .
female ( not known until now ) : wing span 30 - 32 mm . forewing not expanding terminad ; costa
markings pale rust with much darker , linear edges . cilia rust or brownish rust . hindwing cream
and my own drawings . in the two sources some characters are lacking , thus this comparison may
two lateral thorns at the end of aedeagus . female genitalia ( unknown until now , fig . 24 ) . sterigma
bursae long with cestum reaching before its end ; basal plate of signum small , blade slender .
judging on the shape of aedeagus our specimens my represent another , close species .
aedeagus which tapers terminad and has a single ventroterminal process . this species is known from
siniaev & afonin ; mt . ngoclinh , 900 - 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin ; kon tum , dac
sacculus is variable ; the ventroterminal projection is either short or pronounced . known from nepal ,
sikkim , n . india , thailand , w . malaysia , vietnam , sumatra and borneo .
holotype female : mt . fan si pan , 2400 m , v - 1993 , siniaev & simonov , g . s 43 wiet .
description : wing span 32 mm . head and thorax brownish yellow ; labial palpus ca 2 , browner
terminally ; tegula with slender brownish line . forewing costa convex basally , termen weakly
suffusions and rows of dots in posterior third of wing brown . markings brown , partially diffuse ,
median fascia slightly tinged rust medially . cilia concolorous with groud colour of distal third of
female genitalia ( fig . 25 ) : anteostial sterigma broad with transverse more strongly sclerotized
material examined : 13 females from tam dao , 950 m , 17 - x - 1995 , siniaev ; mt . ngoclinh ,
remarks : widely distributed in se asia : bhutan , thailand , w . malaysia ( tuck , 1990 ) ,
material examined : eight specimens from fan si pan , 2400 m , v - 1993 , siniaev & simonov .
their figure is superficial . judging from the setose end of sacculus liu & li ( 2002 ) examined a
material examined : one male found in sa pa , oku - ho 1100 m , 31 - iii - 1995 , mey .
this species was described from nepal ; it also is known from china : likiang .
holotype male : kon tum , dac glei , 700 m , 8 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin ; gs 30 wiet .
description : wing span 15 mm . head and thorax brownish ; labial palpus ca 2 . forewing
uniformly broad , costa except for basal third straight , termen weakly oblique , gently sinuate . ground
colour creamish brown ; dots and suffusions brownish . markings brown with blackish brown dots
apodeme ; aedeagus tapering terminad , with terminal process ( broken ) ; cornuti group of large spines .
material examined : over 20 specimens from tam dao , 950 m , 17 - x - 1995 , siniaev ; mt . fan si
remarks : already recorded from vietnam ( kuznetzov 2000 ) . very similar to east
( christoph , 1881 ) in which basal part of uncus is rather slender .
holotype male : tam dao , 17 - x - 1995 , 950 m , siniaev ; gs 31 wiet . paratype male : mai - chau ,
description : wing span 10 , 5 mm . head brownish , thorax cream , labial palpus ca 2 , brownish .
forewing rather uniformly broad , termen slightly oblique , rather straight . ground colour creamish ;
dots sparse , brownish ; dorsum slightly suffused brownish . markings pale grey - brown with darker
blotch extending almost to tornus . cilia concolorous with wing . hindwing brownish cream ,
holotype male : sa pa , okui - ho , 1100 m , 31 - iii - 1995 , mey ; gs 71 wiet .
description : wing span 12 , 5 mm . head and thorax brownish scales cream ochreous ; labial
palpus ca 1 , 5 , brownish ochreous . forewing not expanding in posterior half ; costal fold broad ;
termen fairly oblique , straight . ground colour pale brownish grey , in costal and terminal areas more
creamish ; in dorsal third of wing brownish ; strigulation brownish grey . markings : median fascia
brown spots ; terminal suffusion weak marked by brown median veins . cilia cream , brown at tornus .
hindwing brownish grey , cream towards base , with brownish venation ; cilia paler than wing .
broad uncus and dorsal process of labis , and long , curved terminal process of aedeagus .
holotype female : mai chau , 1400 m , 7 - 15 - v - 1995 , siniaev ; gs 78 wiet . paratypes , 2 females ,
one labelled as above , one from sa pa , 1600 m , primary forest , 28 - x / 3 - xi - 1994 , siniaev .
description : wing span 16 mm . head brown ; labial palpus ca 2 ; thorax brownish grey . forewing
towards base of wing ; dots brownish ; suffusion at mid - dorsum paler , spotted brown . markings grey -
brown consisting of costal spots and large subapical triangle reaching apex , tornus and termen . cilia
female genitalia ( fig . 26 ) : sterigma subsquare with short , rounded proximal corners ; antrum
material examined : two males : sa pa , fan si pang mts , 25 - 30 - iii - 1995 , w . mey ; mt . fan si
wiet . paratypes , 2 females , same labels , one with gs 170 wiet .
description : wing span 16 mm . head and thorax brownish ferruginous ; labial palpus ca 1 , 3 .
beneath apex , convex postmedially . wing brownish ferruginous , more cream along costa , with sparse
darker fine strigulae . subapical blotch slender , much darker than ground colour ; apex brown . cilia
female genitalia ( fig . 27 ) : papilla analis broad ; cup - shaped part of sterigma large , expanding
sclerite ; ductus bursae long , slender , broadening postmedially ; signum with large blade .
from primorsk , east russia but this species with very long ductus bursae and large signum .
description : wing span 20 mm . head and thorax ferruginous , labial palpus ca 1 , 3 ferruginous
subapical blotch slender , brown and subterminal fascia preserved near termen brown rust . cilia
female genitalia ( fig . 28 ) : cup - shaped part of sterigma expanding posteriorly ; lateral parts of
holotype male : mt ngoclinh , 900 - 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin ; gs 28 wiet .
paratypes two males from tam dao , 17 - x - 1995 , 950 m , siniaev , one with gs 162 wiet .
description : wing span 15 mm . head and thorax pale orange cream , labial palpus ca 1 , 5 more
straight , rather not oblique , then bent . ground colour pale yellowish cream with dense orange
spot ; subterminal fascia connected with costal blotch . cilia brownish ( worn ) with brown tornal third .
broad basally ; aedeagus broad , convex in middle ventrally ; cornuti large bunch of long spines .
etymology : this specie is dedicated to mr . afonin the collector of this and several other
material examined : one male from mt . ngoclinh , 900 - 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1996 , siniaev &
remarks : this species was described from andamans . the male genitalia of this specimen
( figs 17 , 18 ) differ from those in clarke ( 1958 ) . his lectotype has longer aedeagus whilst
simonov ; sa pa , fan si pan mts , 25 - 30 - iii - 1995 , w . mey ; sa pa , mt fan si pan , 28 - x / 3 - xi - 1994 ,
exposition , primary forest , 1600 m , 28 - x - 1994 , siniaev .
same locality , 950 m , 17 - x - 1965 , siniaev . ; two males from mai chau , 1400 m , primary forest , 7 - 15 -
examined material : kon tum , dac glei , 700 m , 8 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin . there is a
great deal of specimens from various localities which could represent this species . the females are
mentions that it is distributed in eastern and southern asia to korea and japan in the north .
41 wiet . paratypes , two females ( one with abdomen missing ) with identical labels .
description : wing span 22 mm . head pale brownish cream ; labial palpus 1 , 3 ; thorax slightly
deeply concave beneath apex , strongly convex at vein m3 . ground colour brownish cream densely
suffused and sprinkled brown ; strigulae along costa brownish . markings brown , diffuse , ill - defined
concolorous to m3 , then brownish cream . hindwing cream tinged brownish ; cilia slightly paler .
female genitalia ( fig . 29 ) : sterigma small , subsquare , with well expressed proximal corners ;
siniaev & afonin ; sa pa , okui - ho , 1100 m , 31 - iii - 1995 , w . mey ; sa pa , 1600 m . 26 - x / 3 - xi . , v .
1994 , v . siniaev ; mai chau , 1400 m , primary forest , 7 - 15 - iv - 1995 , siniaev .
diakonoff , 1976 . most probably the two are conspecific . range : nepal , india , thailand , vietnam ,
material examined : one male from mai chau , 1400 m , 7 - 15 - iv - 1995 , siniaev .
( india to new guinea ) but distinct by slender basal part of uncus . this species is described from
holotype female : mt . ngoclinh , 900 - 1400 m , 10 - 25 - viii - 1996 , siniaev & afonin ; gs 171 .
paratype female from fan si pan , 1600 m , primary forest , 1 - 7 - xi - 1995 , siniaev & afonin .
description : wing span 23 mm . head cream grey , labial palpus ca 2 , white apically ; thorax
concolorous with head , tegula marked brownish grey . forewing uniformly broad throughout , costa
except for basal third straight ; termen not oblique , hardly concave submedially . ground colour cream
scaled pinkish rust , in dorsal area more grey , in mid - terminal portion markedly brownish . markings
and forming white mark at disc ; line along anal vein to beyond mid - length of wing . cilia worn .
female genitalia ( fig . 30 ) : papilla analis large with rounded posterior part ; sterigma short ,
material examined : twenty - two specimens : sa pa , okui - ho , 1100 m , 31 - iii - 1995 , w . mey ; mt .
fan si pan , 2400 m , v - 1993 , siniaev ; fan si pan , primary forest , 1 - 7 - xi - 1995 . siniaev & afonin ;
tam dao , 950 m , 17 - x - 1995 , siniaev ; mai - chau , 1400 m , 7 - 15 - iv - 1995 , siniaev ; mt . ngoclinh ,
the author thanks dr . wolfram mey ( mnhu ) for providing the vietnam material for study and
donation of some spare specimens for isez . thanks are also due to dr . l . przybylowicz , cracow
who photographed the specimens and slides and mr . k . fiolek , cracow who arranged the plates .
kuznetzov , v . i . , 2000 . – annotated list of tortricidae recorded from vietnam ( lepidoptera ) . –
razowski , j . , 1979 . – some tortricinae ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . –
razowski , j . , 2003 . – tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from vietnam in the collection of the berlin museum . 1 .
razowski , j . , 2008a . – tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from vietnam in the collection of the berlin museum . 2 .
razowski , j . , 2008b . – tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from vietnam in the collection of the berlin museum . 3 .
razowski , j . , 2008c . – tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from vietnam in the collection of the berlin museum .
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a novel splice variant in the n - propeptide of col5a1 causes an eds . . .
the ehlers - danlos syndrome ( eds ) is a heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by hyperextensible skin , joint hypermobility and soft tissue fragility . the classic subtype of eds is caused by mutations in one of the type v collagen genes ( col5a1 and col5a2 ) . most mutations affect the type v collagen helical domain and . . .
cytogenetic study on microtus guentheri ( danford and alston , 1880 ) ( mammalia : rodentia ) from . . .
conventionally stained , c - and ag - nor banded karyotypes of guenther ' s vole , microtus guentheri were studied from turkey . the species possesses a karyotype of 2n = 54 , nfa = 52 and nf = 54 in specimens from kahramanmaraş and gaziantep provinces , whereas nf = 56 in females and nf = 55 in . . .
effect of pitx2 knockdown on transcriptome of primary human trabecular meshwork cell . . .
to identify genes whose expressions in primary human trabecular meshwork ( tm ) cell cultures are affected by the transcription factor pituitary homeobox 2 ( pitx2 ) and to identify genes that may have roles in glaucoma . known glaucoma causing genes account for disease in a small fraction of patients , and we aimed at . . .
surface export of gapdh / sdh , a glycolytic enzyme , is essential for streptococcus pyogenes . . .
streptococcal surface dehydrogenase ( sdh ) ( glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase [ gapdh ] ) is an anchorless major multifunctional surface protein in group a streptococcus ( gas ) with the ability to bind important mammalian proteins , including plasmin ( ogen ) . although several biological properties of sdh are suggestive of its possible role in gas virulence , its direct role in gas pathogenesis . . .
plantar fasciitis - to jab or to support ? a systematic review of . . .
plantar fasciitis is a common condition routinely managed by podiatrists in the community and is widely treated conservatively . two commonly used treatments for plantar fasciitis are customized functional foot orthoses and corticosteroid injections . while common to clinical practice , the evidence base underpinning these treatment strategies is unknown . therefore , the aim . . .
4d super - resolution microscopy with conventional fluorophores and single wavelength excitation in optically . . .
optical super - resolution imaging of fluorescently stained biological samples is rapidly becoming an important tool to investigate protein distribution at the molecular scale . it is therefore important to develop practical super - resolution methods that allow capturing the full three - dimensional nature of biological systems and also can visualize multiple protein species in the . . .
nicotinic acid receptor abnormalities in human skin cancer : implications for a role . . .
chronic uv skin exposure leads to epidermal differentiation defects in humans that can be largely restored by pharmacological doses of nicotinic acid . nicotinic acid has been identified as a ligand for the human g - protein - coupled receptors gpr109a and gpr109b that signal through g ( i ) - mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase . we have examined the . . .
forebrain nr2b overexpression facilitating the prefrontal cortex long - term potentiation and enhancing working . . .
prefrontal cortex plays an important role in working memory , attention regulation and behavioral inhibition . its functions are associated with nmda receptors . however , there is little information regarding the roles of nmda receptor nr2b subunit in prefrontal cortical synaptic plasticity and prefrontal cortex - related working memory . whether the up - regulation of nr2b subunit . . .
intracisternal administration of nr2 subunit antagonists attenuates the nociceptive behavior and p - p38 . . .
we investigated the role of the central nmda receptor nr2 subunits in the modulation of nociceptive behavior and p - p38 mapk expression in a rat model with compression of the trigeminal nerve root . to address this possibility , changes in air - puff thresholds and pin - prick scores were determined following an intracisternal administration of . . .
shifting responsibly : the importance of striatal modularity to reinforcement learning in uncertain . . .
we propose here that the modular organization of the striatum reflects a context - sensitive modular learning architecture in which clustered striosome - matrisome domains participate in modular reinforcement learning ( rl ) . based on anatomical and physiological evidence , it has been suggested that the modular organization of the striatum could represent a learning architecture . there . . .
in more than 60 years of research on molecular excitons , there has been extensive theoretical work but few experimental investigations have rigorously tested the predictions of exciton coupling theories . in centrosymmetric doubly h - bonded molecular dimers with identical chromophores , the s0 - - > s1 electronic transition dipole moments of the monomers combine in a . . .
pulmonary interstitial emphysema presenting in a woman on the intensive care unit : . . .
pulmonary interstitial emphysema is a life - threatening form of ventilator - induced lung injury . we present one of the few reported adult cases of pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a woman with respiratory failure admitted to our intensive care unit . an 87 - year - old caucasian woman with a diagnosis of community - acquired pneumonia was admitted to our . . .
study on the visible - light - induced photokilling effect of nitrogen - doped tio2 nanoparticles on cancer . . .
nitrogen - doped tio2 ( n - tio2 ) nanoparticles were prepared by calcining the anatase tio2 nanoparticles under ammonia atmosphere . the n - tio2 showed higher absorbance in the visible region than the pure tio2 . the cytotoxicity and visible - light - induced phototoxicity of the pure - and n - tio2 were examined for three types of cancer cell lines . no significant cytotoxicity . . .
salinity stress is an important environmental constraint limiting the productivity of many crops worldwide . in this report , experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seed presoaking by bovine hemoglobin , an inducer of heme oxygenase - 1 ( ho - 1 ) , on salinity tolerance in rice ( oryza sativa ) plants . the results showed that different concentrations . . .
cancer risk associated with insulin glargine among adult type 2 diabetes patients - - a . . .
preclinical and observational studies raise the concern about the safety of insulin glargine in terms of cancer initiation and promotion . this study is designed to examine cancer incidence associated with use of insulin glargine vs . intermediate / long - acting human insulin ( hi ) . a retrospective cohort study using the taiwan national health insurance claims . . .
takhtsabzy bashaer k bk technical university of denmark electrical engineering , ørstedsplads , building 349 , dk - 2800 kgs lyngby . - - 2011
the purpose of this study is to assess the sleep quality ( sq ) in powernapping . the contributed factors for sq assessment are time of sleep onset ( so ) , sleep length ( sl ) , sleep depth ( sd ) , and detection of sleep events ( k - complex ( kc ) and sleep spindle ( ss ) ) . data from daytime nap for 10 subjects , . . .
podocyte injury is associated with progression of many renal diseases , including diabetic nephropathy . in this study we examined whether aldose reductase ( ar ) , the enzyme implicated in diabetic complications in different tissues , is modulated by high glucose and osmolarity in podocyte cells . ar mrna , protein expression , and activity were measured in . . .
gutiérrez d d center of research and advanced studies , cinvestav , monterrey , 66600 apodaca , mexico . - - 2011
the performance of eeg signal classification methods based on common spatial patterns ( csp ) depends on the operational frequency bands of the events to be discriminated . this problem has been recently addressed by using a sub - band decomposition of the eeg signals through filter banks . even though this approach has proven effective , . . .
a comparison of the variation in indian populations of pigeonpea cyst nematode , . . .
the cyst nematode heterodera cajani is one of the major endemic diseases of pigeonpea , an important legume for food security and protein nutrition in india . it occurs in several pulse crops grown over a range of indian agro climatic conditions but the extent of its intraspecific variation is inadequately defined . . . .
review of anhoplocampa wei ( hymenoptera , tenthredinidae ) , with description of a new species . . .
anhoplocampa is redescribed based on new material . anhoplocampa bicoloricornissp . n . from china is described . anhoplocampa yunanensis ( haris & roller , 1999 ) , comb . n . is transferred from trichiocampus . a key to species of anhoplocampa is provided . the differences between anhoplocampa and trichiocampus hartig , 1837 , priophorus dahlbom , 1835 , hoplocampa hartig , 1837 and renonerva . . .
gaba not only a neurotransmitter : osmotic regulation by gaba ( a ) r signaling .
mature macroglia and almost all neural progenitor types express γ - aminobutyric ( gaba ) a receptors ( gaba ( a ) rs ) , whose activation by ambient or synaptic gaba , leads to influx or efflux of chloride ( cl ( - ) ) depending on its electro - chemical gradient ( e ( cl ) ) . since the flux of cl ( - ) is indissolubly associated to that of osmotically obliged water , gaba ( a ) rs . . .
gene cloning and mrna expression of glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver , brain , . . .
the swamp eel , monopterus albus , is an obligatory air - breathing teleost which can undergo long period of emersion , has high environmental and tissue ammonia tolerance , and can survive in brackish water . we obtained a cdna sequence of glutamate dehydrogenase ( gdh ) , which consisted of a 133 - bp 5 ' utr , a complete coding sequence . . .
a rare cause of proximal intestinal obstruction in adults - annular pancreas : . . .
annular pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of ectopic pancreatic tissue surrounding the descending part of the duodenum . it is one of the few congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract which can produce symptoms late in life . in adults , the factors initiating symptoms are recurrent pancreatitis , . . .
new spectrophotometric method for determining nitrogen dioxide in air using 2 , 2 - azino - bis ( 3 - ethyl benzothiazoline ) - 6 - sulfonic . . .
a new simple and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for determining nitrogen dioxide in air was developed . the method is based on converting atmospheric nitrogen dioxide to nitrite ions within the ivl passive samplers used for samples collection . acidifying nitrite ions with concentrated hcl produced the peroxynitrous acid oxidizing agent which . . .
the effect of antivascular endothelial growth factor on the development of adhesion . . .
aims . this study determined the effects of a single dose of bevacizumab , an antiangiogenic recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically targets vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) , on adhesion formation in the rat cecal abrasion model . methodology . thirty female wistar albino rats ( 200 - 224 g ) were divided into three groups . all rats underwent laparotomy . . .
this report describes a technique for the generation of transgenic mice by in vivo manipulation of spermatogonial stem cells with a high rate of success . spermatogonial stem cells ( sscs ) in pre - pubescent animals were infected in vivo with recombinant lentiviruses expressing egfp - f and mated with normal females . all male pre - founder mice . . .
steady - state visual evoked potential ( ssvep ) is a visual cortical response evoked by repetitive stimuli with a light source flickering at frequencies above 4 hz and could be classified into three ranges : low ( up to 12 hz ) , medium ( 12 - 30 ) and high frequency ( > 30 hz ) . ssvep - based brain - computer interfaces ( bci ) are principally . . .
reduced camp , akt activation and p65 - c - rel dimerization : mechanisms involved in the protective . . .
in recent decades , astrocytes have emerged as key pieces in the maintenance of normal functioning of the central nervous system . any impairment in astroglial function can ultimately lead to generalized disturbance in the brain , thus pharmacological targets associated with prevention of astrocyte death are actually promising . subtype 3 of metabotropic . . .
the prognostic impact of k - ras mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients . . .
activating point mutation of the ras gene has been generally accepted as an oncogenic event in a variety of malignancies . it represents one of the most common genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) . however , little is known about its clinical relevance in the treatment outcome for this leukemia . this . . .
sequencing of a qtl - rich region of the theobroma cacao genome using pooled . . .
bac - based physical maps provide for sequencing across an entire genome or a selected sub - genomic region of biological interest . such a region can be approached with next - generation whole - genome sequencing and assembly as if it were an independent small genome . using the minimum tiling path as a guide , specific bac clones representing . . .
the database of sugarcane expressed sequence tags ( est ) offers a great opportunity for developing molecular markers that are directly associated with important agronomic traits . the development of new est - ssr markers represents an important tool for genetic analysis . in sugarcane breeding programs , functional markers can be used to accelerate the process . . .
newborn genetic screening for hearing impairment : a preliminary study at a tertiary . . .
universal newborn hearing screening ( unhs ) is of paramount importance for early identification and management of hearing impairment in children . however , infants with slight / mild , progressive , or late - onset hearing impairment might be missed in conventional unhs . to investigate whether genetic screening for common deafness - associated mutations could assist in identifying these infants , 1017 . . .
neurophysiological correlates of laboratory - induced aggression in young men with and without a . . .
in order to further understand the mechanisms involved in planning an aggressive act , we conducted an event - related potential ( erp ) study of young men with and without a history of violence . participants completed a competitive reaction time task ( based on the taylor aggression paradigm ) against a virtual opponent . in
passive
blocks , . . .
hippocampal - dependent spatial memory in the water maze is preserved in an experimental . . .
cognitive impairment is a major concern in temporal lobe epilepsy ( tle ) . while different experimental models have been used to characterize tle - related cognitive deficits , little is known on whether a particular deficit is more associated with the underlying brain injuries than with the epileptic condition per se . here , we look at . . .
the development of dendrochronological time series in order to analyze climate - growth relationships usually involves first a rigorous selection of trees and then the computation of the mean tree - growth measurement series . this study suggests a change in the perspective , passing from an analysis of climate - growth relationships that typically focuses on the . . .
cdk5 is essential for soluble amyloid β - induced degradation of gkap and remodeling . . .
the early stages of alzheimer ' s disease are marked by synaptic dysfunction and loss . this process results from the disassembly and degradation of synaptic components , in particular of scaffolding proteins that compose the post - synaptic density ( psd ) , namely psd95 , homer and shank . here we investigated in rat frontal cortex dissociated culture the . . .
p53 interacts with rna polymerase ii through its core domain and impairs . . .
the tumor suppressor p53 principally functions as a gene - specific transcription factor . p53 triggers a variety of anti - proliferative programs by activating or repressing the transcription of effector genes in response to genotoxic stress . to date , much effort has been placed on understanding p53 ' s ability to affect transcription in the context of . . .
legionella pneumophila is a gram - negative bacterial species that is ubiquitous in almost any aqueous environment . it is the agent of legionnaires ' disease , an acute and often under - reported form of pneumonia . in mammals , l . pneumophila replicates inside macrophages within a modified vacuole . many protein regulators have been identified that control virulence - related . . .
the k - cl cotransporter kcc2 plays a crucial role in the functional development of gaba ( a ) - mediated responses rendering gaba hyperpolarizing in adult neurons . we have previously shown that bdnf upregulates kcc2 in immature neurons through the transcription factor egr4 . the effect of bdnf on egr4 and kcc2 was shown to be dependent . . .
orthoretroviral - like prototype foamy virus gag - pol expression is compatible with viral replication .
foamy viruses ( fvs ) unlike orthoretroviruses express pol as a separate precursor protein and not as a gag - pol fusion protein . a unique packaging strategy , involving recognition of briding viral rna by both pol precursor and gag as well as potential gag - pol protein interactions , ensures pol particle encapsidation . several prototype fv ( pfv ) . . .
gene network inference and biochemical assessment delineates gpcr pathways and creb targets . . .
small intestinal ( si ) neuroendocrine tumors ( net ) are increasing in incidence , however little is known about their biology . high throughput techniques such as inference of gene regulatory networks from microarray experiments can objectively define signaling machinery in this disease . genome - wide co - expression analysis was used to infer gene relevance network in si - nets . . . .
affinity - based enrichment strategies to assay methyl - cpg binding activity and dna methylation in . . .
dna methylation is a widespread epigenetic modification in vertebrate genomes . genomic sites of dna methylation can be bound by methyl - cpg - binding domain proteins ( mbds ) and specific zinc finger proteins , which can recruit co - repressor complexes to silence transcription on targeted loci . the binding to methylated dna may be regulated by post - translational mbd . . .
while histopathology of excised tissue remains the gold standard for diagnosis , several new , non - invasive diagnostic techniques are being developed . they rely on physical and biochemical changes that precede and mirror malignant change within tissue . the basic principle involves simple optical techniques of tissue interrogation . their accuracy , expressed as sensitivity and . . .
central venous catheter - related bacteremia caused by kocuria kristinae : case report and review . . .
kocuria species are unusual human pathogens isolated most commonly from immunocompromised hosts , such as transplant recipients and cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy , or from patients with chronic medical conditions . a case of catheter - related bacteremia with pulmonary septic emboli in a pregnant adult female without chronic medical conditions is described . a review . . .
widespread brain areas engaged during a classical auditory streaming task revealed by . . .
the auditory system must constantly decompose the complex mixture of sound arriving at the ear into perceptually independent streams constituting accurate representations of individual sources in the acoustic environment . how the brain accomplishes this task is not well understood . the present study combined a classic behavioral paradigm with direct cortical . . .
expression and cellular localization of microrna - 29b and rax , an activator of the . . .
the apoptosis of retinal neurons plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) , but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear . the purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular localization and the expression of microrna - 29b ( mir - 29b ) and its potential target pkr associated protein x . . .
prohibitin is overexpressed in huh - 7 - hcv and huh - 7 . 5 - hcv cells harboring in vitro transcribed . . .
currently , up - regulated proteins and apoptosis in hepatitis c is a hot topic in exploring the pathogenic mechanism of heptitis c virus ( hcv ) . some recent studies shows that prohibitin is overexpressed in cells expressing hcv core proteins , and up - regulated prohibitin is also found in human hepatoma cell line hcc - m , lung cancer , prostate . . .
serpina3n attenuates granzyme b - mediated decorin cleavage and rupture in a murine model . . .
granzyme b ( gzmb ) is a proapoptotic serine protease that is released by cytotoxic lymphocytes . however , gzmb can also be produced by other cell types and is capable of cleaving extracellular matrix ( ecm ) proteins . gzmb contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) through an extracellular , perforin - independent mechanism involving ecm cleavage . the murine . . .
with the successful development of organic / polymeric light emitting diodes , many organic and polymeric fluorophores with high quantum efficiencies and optical stability were synthesized . however , most of these materials which have excellent optical properties are insoluble in water , limiting their applications in biological fields . herein , we used micelles formed from an . . .
macroevolutionary patterns in the aphidini aphids ( hemiptera : aphididae ) : diversification , host association , and . . .
due to its biogeographic origins and rapid diversification , understanding the tribe aphidini is key to understanding aphid evolution . major questions about aphid evolution include origins of host alternation as well as age and patterns of diversification in relation to host plants . to address these questions , we reconstructed the phylogeny of . . .
valence - band structure of tio2 along the gamma - delta - x and gamma . . .
effect of hydrostatic pressure on the band - gap luminescence of strain - adjusted simgen superlattices .
electronic structure of the lead monoxides : band - structure calculations and photoelectron spectra .
subpicosecond hot - hole relaxation in germanium studied by time - resolved inter - valence - band raman scattering .
electronic structure and fermi surface of the two - dimensional three - band hubbard model in . . .
archipini are the most species - rich tribe in tortricinae with approximately 1 , 623 described species in 160 genera .
the tribe occurs worldwide , with its greatest species richness in the australasian region ( i . e . , 7 % of the species are nearctic in origin , 10 % neotropical , 11 % oceanic , 14 % afrotropical , 16 % indomalayan , 17 % palearctic , and 26 % australasian ) .
the archipini are a tribe of tortrix moths . since many genera of these are not yet assigned to tribes , the genus list presented here is provisional .
archipini is the largest tribe in the tortricinae subfamily , containing over 1 , 600 described species in about 150 genera .
archipini are found in all ecoregions , although there are only few species in the neotropical ecozone .
hübner with descriptions of new species and two new genera ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .
, 2012 : five tortricines from malaysia and new caledonia ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .
, 2013 : leaf - rollers from new caledonia ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .
, 2000 : description of nine neotropical genera of archipini ( lepidoptera , tortricidae ) and their species .
, 2010 : systematic and distributional data on neotropical archipini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .
from the afrotropical region , with descriptions of new taxa ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .
2010 : an annotated catalogue of the types of tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) in the collection of the royal museum for central africa ( tervuren , belgium ) with descriptions of new genera and new species .
, 2008 : tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from the mountains of ecuador . part 1 : southern highlands .
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meyrick , e . 1910 ,
revision of australian tortricina
, proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , vol . 35 , pp . 139 - 294
strand , e . 1924 ,
lepidoptera aus sudwest - australien
, deutsche entomologische zeitschrift iris , vol . 38 , pp . 135 - 148


it is found in ecuador .

the wingspan is 11 – 12 mm .

the ground colour of the forewings is whitish creamy , glossy along the edges of the markings with pale ochreous-olive suffusions .

the markings are ochreous olive .

phalonidia albicaput

phalonidia albicaput is a species of moth of the tortricidae family . it is found in ecuador .
albicaput razowski & becker , 2002 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 289 tl : ecuador , tungurahua province , ro verde . holotype : vbc . male .
lidiae kuznetzov , 1966 ( phalonidia ) , trud . zool . inst . leningrad 37 : 198 . no type
haplobursa razowski , in heppner , 1995 ( phalonidia ) , atlas neotropical lepid . checklist 2 : 141 . no type
vorticana razowski , in heppner , 1995 ( phalonidia ) , atlas neotropical lepid . checklist 2 : 141 . no type
lyidae byun & park , 1995 ( phalonidia ) , korean j . appl . ent . 34 : 385 . no type
walkerana razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 166 tl : peru , callao . holotype : bmnh . male .
alassosaccula razowski , 1997 ( phalonidia ) , genus 8 : 178 . tl : peru , dept . juni , huacapistana . holotype : amnh . male .
assensus razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 178 tl : brazil , so paulo . holotype : bmnh . male .
nicotiana liu & ge , 1991 ( phalonidia ) , sinozoologia 8 : 355 . tl : china , heilongjiang , jingpohu . holotype : izas . male .
memoranda razowski , 1997 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 40 : 116 tl : canada , ontario , ottawa . holotype : cnc . male .
mesotypa razowski , 1970 ( phalonidia ) , microlepid . palaearctica 3 : 229 . tl : china , kiangsu province , shanghai . holotype : zfmk . female .
ontariana razowski , 1997 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 40 : 116 tl : canada , ontario , inverhuron . holotype : cnc . male .
parvana kawabe , 1980 ( phalonidia ) , tinea 11 : 29 . tl : japan , honshu , yamanashi prefecture , kiyosato . holotype : usnm . male .
bassii razowski , 1999 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 42 : 322 tl : ecuador , napo province , baeza . holotype : mrsn . male .
droserantha razowski , 1970 ( phalonidia ) , microlepid . palaearctica 3 : 219 . tl : china , north yunnan province , likiang . holotype : zfmk . female .
ecuadorensis razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 167 tl : ecuador , chimborazo province , huigra . holotype : bmnh . male .
julianiensis liu & ge , 1991 ( phalonidia ) , sinozoologia 8 : 356 . tl : china , jiangxi , jiulian mt . . holotype : izas . female .
tolli razowski , 1960 ( ? phalonidia ) , polskie pismo ent . 30 : 397 . tl : china . manchuria , djalantum . holotype : isez . male .
ochracea razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 164 tl : ecuador , chimborazo province , huigra . holotype : bmnh . male .
scabra liu & ge , 1991 ( phalonidia ) , sinozoologia 8 : 355 . tl : china , jiangxi , mt . lu . holotype : izas . male .
zygota razowski , 1964 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 9 : 338 tl : russia , khabarovsky krai , radd . holotype : mgab . male .
aetheria razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 169 tl : brazil , so paulo , so paulo . holotype : bmnh . male .
jequieta razowski & becker , 2002 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 292 tl : brazil , bahia , junquie . holotype : vbc . male .
multispinea razowski & becker , 2010 ( phalonidia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 437 . tl : ecuador , pastaza , mera . holotype : vbc . male .
tenuispiniformis sun & li , 2013 ( phalonidia ) , zootaxa 3641 : 551 . tl : china , mentougou beijing , xiaolongmen forest farm . holotype : nkum . male .
tornomaculana razowski & becker , 2010 ( phalonidia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 435 . tl : ecuador , loja , loja . holotype : vbc . male .
cermatia razowski & becker , 2002 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 291 tl : brazil , distrito federal , planaltina . holotype : vbc . male .
chlaenites razowski & becker , 2002 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 289 tl : brazil , minas gerais , corumba . holotype : vbc . male .
dotica razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 163 tl : peru , dept . hunuco , tingo maria . holotype : zmuc . female .
electra razowski & becker , 2002 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 291 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .
lacistovalva razowski & becker , 2002 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 292 tl : ecuador , loja province , loja . holotype : vbc . male .
lojana razowski & becker , 2002 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 291 tl : ecuador , loja province , loja . holotype : vbc . male .
mayarina razowski & becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 69 . tl : cuba , holguin , mayari . holotype : vbc . male .
ochrochraon razowski & becker , 2002 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 290 tl : brazil , par , capito poco . holotype : vbc . female .
parapellax razowski , 1999 ( phalonidia ) , polskie pismo ent . 68 : 62 . tl : mexico , sinaloa , 2 mi sw potrerillos . holotype : eme . male .
phlebotoma razowski & becker , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 24 . tl : brazil , par , belm . holotype : mnrj . male .
cerina razowski & becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 99 . tl : brazil , espiritu santo , linhares . holotype : vbc . female .
chloridia razowski & becker , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 26 . tl : brazil , distrito federal , planaltina . holotype : vbc . female .
fariasana razowski & becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 97 . tl : mexico , tamaulipas , gomez farias . holotype : vbc . male .
fraterna razowski , 1970 ( phalonidia ) , microlepid . palaearctica 3 : 216 . tl : russia , far east , primorsky krai , askold island . holotype : zmas . male .
haesitans razowski & becker , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 23 . tl : brazil , minas gerais , una . holotype : mnrj . female .
hapalobursa razowski & becker , 1986 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 459 tl : costa rica , cartago province , turrialba . holotype : vbc . female .
linharesa razowski & becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 96 . tl : brazil , espiritu santo , linhares . holotype : vbc . male .
meizobursa razowski & becker , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 26 . tl : brazil , minas gerais , una . holotype : mnrj . female .
melletes razowski & becker , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 23 . tl : brazil , distrito federal , planaltina . holotype : mnrj . female .
monospina razowski & becker , 2010 ( phalonidia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 438 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago , indanza . holotype : vbc . male .
moronaephila razowski & becker , 2010 ( phalonidia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 439 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago , indanza . holotype : vbc . male .
purpurascens razowski & becker , 2010 ( phalonidia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 438 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago , indanza . holotype : vbc . male .
synucha razowski & becker , 1986 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 458 tl : costa rica , cartago province , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .
trabalea razowski & becker , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 25 . tl : brazil , par , igarape acu . holotype : mnrj . male .
brevifasciaria sun & li , 2013 ( phalonidia ) , zootaxa 3641 : 541 . tl : china , guizhou province , suiyang county , kuankuoshui nature reserves . holotype : nkum . male .
diaphona razowski & becker , 1986 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 459 tl : mexico , veracruz , las tuxtlas biological station . holotype : vbc . male .
geraisana razowski & becker , 2010 ( phalonidia ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 436 . tl : brazil , minas gerais , serra do cipo . holotype : vbc . male .
hypagosocia razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 167 tl : bolivia , dept . cochabamba , 25 km nw mizque . holotype : zmuc . male .
introrsa razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 166 tl : bolivia , dept . cochabamba , 10 km sw aiquile . holotype : lnk . male .
karsholti razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 163 tl : peru , dept . ayacucho , 50 km e nazca . holotype : zmuc . female .
kathetospina razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 164 tl : peru , dept . puno , 5 km e limbani . holotype : zmuc . male .
latifasciana razowski , 1970 ( phalonidia ) , microlepid . palaearctica 3 : 206 . tl : central asia , central asia ( kemerowsk district , waganowo ) . holotype : zmas . female .
loipa razowski , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 179 tl : ecuador , napo province , cerro mirador , santa barbara . holotype : eme . male .
monocera razowski & becker , 2007 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 98 . tl : brazil , santa catarina , sao joaquim . holotype : vbc . male .
praemorsa razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 167 tl : peru , dept . puno , 5 km e limbani . holotype : zmuc . male .
rotundiventralis sun & li , 2013 ( phalonidia ) , zootaxa 3641 : 549 . tl : china , sichuan province , wenchuan county , wolong nature reserves . holotype : nkum . male .
rufoatra razowski , 1992 ( phalonidia ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1990 ) : 97 . tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , monteverde . holotype : eme . male .
thryptica razowski , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 181 tl : costa rica , guanacaste province , santa rosa national park . holotype : vbc . female .
mesomerista razowski , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 180 tl : ecuador , napo province , via santa barbara - la bonita . holotype : eme . female .
nonaxyra razowski , 1994 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 180 tl : ecuador , napo province , via santa barbara - la bonita . holotype : eme . male .
aliena kuznetzov , 1966 ( phalonidia ) , trud . zool . inst . leningrad 37 : 200 . tl : russia . primorsky krai , vladivostok , okeanskaya biological station . holotype : zmas . male .
claudia razowski & wojtusiak , 2006 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 34 : 41 . tl : venezuela , cordillera de merida , merida , monte zerpa . holotype : mzuj . male .
sarovalva razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 166 tl : peru , dept . apurimac , 7 km e chalhuianca , ro chalhuianca . holotype : zmuc . male .
tarijana razowski & wojtusiak , 2013 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 56 : 10 . tl : bolivia , province tarija , res . tariquia , salinas . holotype : mzuj . male .
acrota razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 162 tl : peru , dept . ancash , 30 km e huarez , chvin de huantar . holotype : zmuc . male .
silvestris kuznetzov , 1966 ( phalonidia ) , trud . zool . inst . leningrad 37 : 198 . tl : russia , amur region , klimoutsy , 40 km w svobodnyy . holotype : zmas . male .
coreana byun & li , 2006 ( phalonidia ) , j . nat . hist . 40 : 804 . tl : korea , mt . juwang - san , gyeongsangbuk - do . holotype : kna . male .
lochites razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 165 tl : peru , dept . apurimac , 25 km s chalhuianca , ro lacaruse , lacaia . holotype : zmuc . male .
baccatana razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 77 . tl : peru , dept . huanuco , via huanuco - tingo maria , carpish . holotype : mzuj . male .
charagmophora razowski , 1999 ( phalonidia ) , polskie pismo ent . 68 : 64 . tl : costa rica , estacin biologica las cruces , 6 km se san vito , ro jaba . holotype : eme . male .
olivogrisea razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 77 . tl : peru , dept . huanuco , via huanuco - tingo maria , carpish . holotype : mzuj . female .
scolopis razowski , 1993 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 165 tl : peru , dept . cuzco , 40 km nw sicuani , 5 km e laguna pomacanchi . holotype : zmuc . male .
cholovalva razowski & wojtusiak , 2006 ( phalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 34 : 41 . tl : venezuela , stan tachira , p . n . batalln , pramo el rosal , san jos de bolvar . holotype : mzuj . male .
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affinitana douglas , 1846 ( cochylis ) , zoologist 4 : 1269 . tl : united kingdom , england ( st . osyth , essex ) [ united kingdom ] . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .
cancellana zeller , 1847 ( cochylis ) , isis von oken ( leipzig ) 1847 ( 10 ) : 739 . tl : italy . sicily . syntype ( s ) : bmnh . unknown .
inulana constant , 1884 ( cochylis ) , annls soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 212 . tl : france . lectotype : mnhn . female .
littorana galvagni , 1906 ( conchylis ) , verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 56 : 83 . tl : italy . is . grado , kstenland . syntypes : nhmv . 12 males , 3 females .
moravica zimmerman , 1926 ( conchylis affinitana ab . ) , naturwiss . z . lotos 74 : 22 . tl : hawaiian islands . syntypes : bpbm . unknown .
tauriana kennel , 1899 ( cochylis ) , dt . ent . z . iris 12 : 20 . tl : ukraine . ukraine ( halbinsel krim ) . holotype : mnhu . female .
albertae razowski , 1997 ( platphalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 40 : 118 tl : canada , alberta , nordegg . holotype : cnc . male .
albipalpana zeller , 1847 ( tortrix ) , isis von oken ( leipzig ) 1847 ( 10 ) : 662 . tl : italy , sicily . lectotype : bmnh . male .
alibpalpana caradja , 1916 ( conchylis ) , dt . ent . z . iris 30 : 50 . no type
amasiana ragonot , 1894 ( conchylis ) , annls soc . ent . fr . 63 : 189 . tl : turkey , amasia . holotype : mnhn . female .
argyraspis razowski , 1984 ( saphenista ) , ann . zool . 38 : 278 . tl : venezuela , distrito federal , 14 km ne tovar . holotype : usnm . female .
assector razowski , 1967 ( cochylis ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 206 tl : argentina , tucumn , los vasquez . holotype : bmnh . male .
basiochreana kearfott , 1907 ( phalonia ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 33 : 78 . tl : usa , california , los angeles . holotype : amnh . female .
brilhanteana razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 429 tl : brazil , mato grosso , rio brilhante . holotype : mnrj . female .
californica razowski , 1986 ( platphalonidia ) , ann . zool . 40 : 381 . tl : mexico , baja california norte , miller ' s landing . holotype : eme . male .
campicolana walsingham , 1879 ( cochylis ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 29 . tl : usa , california , mendocino co . , head of noyo river . lectotype : bmnh . male .
chlorolitha meyrick , 1931 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 157 . tl : japan , hokkaido , sapporo . holotype : bmnh . male .
azyga meyrick , in caradja & meyrick , 1935 ( phalonia ) , mat . microlepid . fauna chin . prov . : 47 . tl : china . chekiang . lectotype : mgab . male .
contractana zeller , 1847 ( cochylis ) , isis von oken ( leipzig ) 1847 ( 10 ) : 744 . tl : ? , narni . syntype ( s ) : bmnh . unknown .
exaequata meyrick , 1923 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 3 : 52 . tl : palestine . haifa . holotype : bmnh . male .
manifestana kennel , 1901 ( conchylis ) , dt . ent . z . iris 13 ( 1900 ) : 232 . tl : italy . sicily . syntype ( s ) : mnhu . unknown .
thermoconis meyrick , 1925 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 3 : 139 . tl : india . kashmir , srinagar . lectotype : bmnh . male .
curvistrigana stainton , 1859 ( eupoecilia ) , man . br . butterflies moths 2 : 272 . tl : united kingdom , england [ united kingdom ] . syntype ( s ) : bmnh . unknown .
dangi razowski , 1997 ( platphalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 40 : 118 tl : canada , alberta , nordegg . holotype : cnc . male .
decrepita razowski & becker , 2002 ( platphalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 300 tl : brazil , goais , alto paraso . holotype : vbc . male .
diamphidia clarke , 1968 ( lasiothyris ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 49 . tl : peru , cuzco , machu picchu . holotype : usnm . male .
docilis razowski & becker , 2002 ( lasiothyris ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 293 tl : brazil , rio de janeiro , teresopolis . holotype : vbc . male .
dubia razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 431 tl : brazil , mato grosso , rio brilhante . holotype : mnrj . female .
dyas razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 427 tl : brazil , santa catarina , brusque . holotype : vbc . male .
dysmorphia clarke , 1968 ( lasiothyris ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 47 . tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca , tropical cloud area . holotype : usnm . male .
dysodona caradja , 1916 ( cochylis ) , dt . ent . z . iris 30 : 52 . tl : russia , khabarovsky krai , radd . lectotype : mgab . male .
elderana kearfott , 1907 ( phalonia ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 33 : 84 . tl : usa , new jersey . holotype : amnh . female .
helonoma meyrick , 1912 ( phalonia ) , ent . mon . mag . 48 : 35 no type
embaphion razowski , 1984 ( saphenista ) , ann . zool . 38 : 276 . tl : venezuela , merida , 8 km se apartaderos . holotype : usnm . male .
fatua razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 428 tl : brazil , santa catarina , rio vermelho . holotype : mnrj . female .
felix walsingham , 1895 ( phalonia ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1895 : 499 . tl : usa , colorado , loveland . lectotype : bmnh . male .
fulvimixta filipjev , 1940 ( piercea ) , trav . inst . zool . acad . sci . u . r . s . s . 6 : 181 . tl : russia , jakowlewka . holotype : zmas . male .
fusifera meyrick , 1912 ( phtheochroa ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 : 674 . tl : brazil , so paulo . holotype : bmnh . male .
galbanea meyrick , 1917 ( phalonia ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 : 2 . tl : guyana , british guiana [ guyana ] ( bartica ) . lectotype : bmnh . female .
gilvicomana zeller , 1847 ( cochylis ) , isis von oken ( leipzig ) 1847 ( 10 ) : 742 . tl : germany , lectotype : bmnh . female .
flaviscapulana herrich - schaffer , 1847 ( uninomial ) , syst . bearbeitung schmett . eur . 4 : pl . 14 , fig . 97 . no type
flaviscapulana herrich - schaffer , 1851 ( tortrix ( coccyx ) ) , syst . bearbeitung schmett . eur . 4 : 224 . tl : czech republic . bohemia [ czech republic ] ( neustrelitz and reichstadt ) . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .
flavoscapulana herrich - schaffer , 1856 ( coccyx ) , syst . bearbeitung schmett . eur . 6 : 160 . no type
haplidia razowski , 1986 ( phtheochroa ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 375 tl : mexico , durango , 3 mi w el salto . holotype : eme . male .
holgina razowski & becker , 2007 ( platphalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 72 . tl : cuba , holguin , mayari . holotype : vbc . male .
horrens razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 428 tl : brazil , santa catarina , rio vemelho . holotype : mnrj . female .
imitabilis razowski , 1997 ( platphalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 40 : 119 tl : canada , alberta , waterton lakes . holotype : cnc . male .
laetitia clarke , 1968 ( cochylis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 25 . tl : argentina , tucumn , ciudad universitaria . holotype : usnm . male .
latipunctana walsingham , 1879 ( cochylis ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 29 . tl : usa , california , mendocino co . , mouth of albion river . lectotype : bmnh . male .
lavana busck , 1907 ( phalonia ) , j . new york ent . soc . 15 : 27 . tl : usa , maryland , montgom - ery co . , hyattsville . holotype : usnm . male .
lepidana clemens , 1860 ( argyrolepia ) , proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 12 : 355 . tl : north america , holotype : ansp . unknown .
plummeriana busck , 1907 ( phalonia ) , j . new york ent . soc . 15 : 24 . tl : usa . maryland , plummers island . holotype : usnm . male .
schwarziana busck , 1907 ( phalonia ) , j . new york ent . soc . 15 : 24 . tl : usa . maryland , plummers island . holotype : usnm . female .
straminoides grote , 1873 ( conchylis ) , bull . buffalo soc . nat . sci 1 : 16 . tl : usa . new york , buffalo . syntype : usnm . male .
zaracana kearfott , 1907 ( phalonia ) , trans . am . ent . soc . 33 : 74 . tl : usa . illinois . lectotype : amnh . male .
luxata razowski & becker , 1986 ( platphalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 464 tl : mexico , distrito federal , mexico city . holotype : mnrj . male .
lydiae filipjev , 1940 ( piercea ) , trav . inst . zool . acad . sci . u . r . s . s . 6 : 180 . tl : russia , voroshilov - ussurijsk . holotype : zmas . male .
manniana fischer von roslerstamm , 1839 ( cochylis ) , abbild . berich . ergnz schmett . - kunde 1 : 134 tl : czech republic - slovakia , czechoslovakia . syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .
notulana zeller , 1847 ( cochylis ) , isis von oken ( leipzig ) 1847 ( 10 ) : 745 . tl : italy . sicily , syracuse . syntype ( s ) : bmnh . unknown .
udana guenee , 1845 ( cochylis ) , annls soc . ent . fr . 2 ( 3 ) : 299 . tl : france . central france ( chteaudun ) . lectotype : bmnh . male .
melanothicta meyrick , 1927 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 3 : 367 . tl : china , shanghai . holotype : mgab . male .
hygrodes meyrick , 1936 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 5 : 22 . tl : japan . honshu , osaka prefecture . holotype : bmnh . male .
melanoticta caradja , 1926 ( phalonia ) , dt . ent . z . iris 40 : 158 . no type
mendora clarke , 1968 ( cochylis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 24 . tl : chile , santiago province , cajon de maypo , cordillero , el canelo . holotype : usnm . male .
mimohospes razowski & becker , 1983 ( cochylis ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 433 tl : brazil , paran , banhado , quatro barras . holotype : vbc . female .
ochraceana razowski , 1967 ( cochylis ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 207 tl : argentina , tucumn , los vasquez . holotype : bmnh . female .
ochrimixtana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 134 . tl : colombia , bogot . holotype : bmnh . male .
olivana razowski , 1967 ( cochylis ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 209 tl : brazil , paran , castro . holotype : bmnh . female .
paliki razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 430 tl : brazil , paran , banhado , quatro barras . holotype : vbc . female .
paranae razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 430 tl : brazil , paran , mandurituba . holotype : mnrj . male .
pellax razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 425 tl : brazil , paran , banhado , quatro barras . holotype : mnrj . male .
plicana walsingham , 1884 ( conchylis ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1884 : 131 . tl : mexico , sonora . lectotype : bmnh . male .
remissa razowski & becker , 2007 ( platphalonidia ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 72 . tl : cuba , holguin , mayari . holotype : vbc . male .
remota razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 429 tl : brazil , mato grosso , cambu . holotype : mnrj . male .
squalida razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 424 tl : brazil , paran , banhado , quatro barras . holotype : mnrj . male .
sublimis meyrick , 1917 ( phalonia ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1917 : 2 . tl : peru , huancayo . holotype : bmnh . female .
submissana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 131 . tl : colombia , bogot . holotype : bmnh . male .
subolivacea walsingham , 1897 ( phalonia ) , proc . zool . soc . london 1897 : 137 . tl : virgin islands , danish west indies ( virgin islands , st . thomas ) . holotype : bmnh . male .
swammerdamiana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 133 . tl : colombia , bogot . holotype : bmnh . male .
tehuacana razowski , 1986 ( platphalonidia ) , ann . zool . 40 : 384 . tl : mexico , puebla , 2 mi sw tehuacan . holotype : eme . male .
unguifera razowski , 1976 ( cochylis ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 203 tl : brazil , paran , castro . holotype : bmnh . male .
vorticata meyrick , 1912 ( phalonia ) , trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 : 673 . tl : argentina , paran . holotype : bmnh . female .
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the wingspan is 11–12 mm . the ground colour of the forewings is whitish creamy , glossy along the edges of the markings with pale ochreous olive suffusions . the markins are ochreous olive . the hindwings are brownish , paler basally than on the periphery .
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