the javan tiger ( panthera tigris sondaica ) is an extinct tiger population that inhabited the indonesian island of java until the mid-1970s .

it was one of the three recognized subspecies limited to the sunda islands .

the scientific name panthera tigris sondaica is now used for both extinct and living tiger populations in indonesia .

javan tiger

“its markings are like the javan tiger , but its posture less so . the posture of the javan tiger is bigger , more muscular , and shorter than the sumatran tiger . ”
below is a clear photo of a javan tiger at london zoo in 1942 .
i really hop the tigers will survive . but i think the javan tiger is extinct
too bad , i find that the javan tiger is the most handsome of tiger subspecie : little and dark coloured .
occasionally , unofficial reports of javan tigers surface from enthusiasts who believe the tiger still exists in java .
2 . the javan tiger was quite similar in appearance to the still existing sumatran tiger , but had darker and more numerous black stripes .
in 1995 , a group of villagers claimed to have seen an adult javan tiger with cubs in east java .
javan tigers’ tracks’ diameter used to be bigger than that of the bengal tiger found in india , nepal and bangladesh .
locating specimens of extinct tiger ( panthera tigris ) subspecies : javan tiger ( p . t . sondaica ) , bali tiger ( p . t . balica ) , and caspian tiger ( p . t . virgata ) , including previously unpublished specimens
the world bank’s tiger recovery program aims to double tiger populations in the wild by 2022 .
the javan tiger likely became extinct in the mid - 1970s ( seidensticker 1987 ) . on the basis of morphology mazak and groves ( 2006 ) classified the javan tiger as a distinct species , panthera sondaica . classically it is considered to be a subspecies of tiger panthera tigris ( nowell and jackson 1996 ) .
nonetheless , the world wildlife fund is now supporting an expedition to track down whether the javan tiger could still exist , emont reports .
b abbreviations for subspecies : alt , amur tiger p . t . altaica ; vir , caspian tiger p . t . virgata ; amo , south china tiger p . t . amoyensis ; cor , indochinese tiger p . t . corbetti ; jax , malayan tiger p . t . jacksoni ; sum , sumatran tiger p . t . sumatrae ; son , javan tiger p . t . sondaica ; bal , bali tiger p . t . balica ; tig , bengal tiger p . t . tigris .
the tiger panthera tigris consists of nine subspecies , including four that have gone extinct from their natural range . the sumatran tiger is the closest relative to the extinct javan and bali tigers .
in the following decades , the remaining javan tiger population was restricted to only three reserves on the island that lacked adequate protection for them and their prey species . confirmed sightings became increasingly infrequent and in 1984 the last confirmed javan tiger was killed outside halimun reserve in west java .
javan rhinos are the most threatened of the five rhino species , with only 58 - 68 individuals that live only in ujung kulon national park in java , indonesia . javan rhinos once lived throughout northeast india and southeast asia . vietnam’s last javan rhino was poached in 2010 .
compared to other panthera tigris sub - species , which still populates the asian mainland , javan tigers were slight smaller . however , male javan tigers could grow bigger than the sumatran tigers .
the javan tiger used to prey on wild boar , rusa deer and banteng . at times , they also fed upon water fowls and reptiles .
by 1940s , javan tigers were pushed into remote forest ranges . until the second world war , the javan tigers were kept in zoos in indonesia , but they were all shut down during the war . after the second world war , the natural forests were fragmented for the plantation of coffee , rubber and teak , threatening javan tiger’s natural habitat .
) existed in java or bali . no mtdna haplotype is shared among voucher sumatran , javan and bali tigers . all 9 voucher javan tigers carry haplotype son and both voucher bali tigers carry bal .
, the javan tiger was once a dominant predator on the tropical island of java . in the 18th century , they were so numerous on the island that
1972 and the javan tiger count was down to a maximum of seven in the then newly - formed meru betiri forest reserve , and perhaps five elsewhere .
still , “this used to be a javan tiger habitat” , the head of conservation at ujung kulon national park said . “we hope that they’re still there” .
the javan tiger was last recorded in the 1970s , the caspian tiger was lost in the 1950s , and the bali tiger became extinct in the 1930s , according to panthera , a wild cat conservation organization . [ gallery : iconic cats : all 9 subspecies of tigers ]
javan tiger is an extinct tiger subspecies that used to dwell in java islands in indonesia . hunting and deforestation are two of the primary reasons believed to have completely wiped it out by mid - 70s or early 80s .
1 . javan tigers were slightly smaller than their mainland cousins but were renowned for their especially long whiskers .
no one wants to be the first to say , “yeah , that’s definitely a javan tiger . ” mamat rahmat , head of ujung kulon park , was hopeful :
javan tigers were so abundant in the early 19th century that in some regions , they were considered as pests .
“my fellow ranger saw a large cat , but with stripes a bit different from the leopards usually found in ujung kulon . finally , he photographed it , and we suspect it is either a type of javan leopard or another one of the large cats , such as the javan tiger . ”
javan tigers were thought to have been hunted into extinction , with the last confirmed sighting in 1979 . the footage from the ujung kulon national park has spurred the world wildlife fund into supporting an expedition to search for traces that the javan tiger might still lurk in the indonesian jungles . jeva lange
from 1993 to march 1994 , believing that this subspecies is still alive , a survey was conducted in the meru betiri national park , with the help of wwf indonesia . however , it failed to discover any concrete evidence that could argue for the javan tiger’s existence . as the final report of the survey came out , the javan tiger was pronounced extinct .
with similar features but slightly bigger than the bali tiger , the javan tiger has dark skin and small stripes with an average weight of 110 - 140 kg . this small - sized tiger previously lived in java island , indonesia . the latest record was found in 1972 and they went extinct in 1976 .
“this used to be javan tiger habitat , ” mamat rahmat , the head of conservation at the park , told the local news media . “we hope that they’re still there . ”
still ,
this used to be javan tiger habitat ,
the head of conservation at ujung kulon national park said .
we hope that they ' re still there .
) . j . h . mazák and groves also supported separation of the sumatran tiger from the javan and bali tigers based on craniometrical data collected by the late v . mazák (
a rare big cat was photographed in ujung kulon national park , indonesia , last month . park rangers believe the animal may be a javan tiger , which are thought to be extinct .
jakarta , indonesia — park rangers in indonesia may have spotted an animal thought to live only in folklore and history books : a javan tiger , declared extinct more than 40 years ago .
taken in 1938 , this image captures one of the once abundant javan tigers . hunting drove the big cats to extinction .
we can save wild tigers . in 2010 , the 13 tiger range countries committed to tx2—to double wild tiger numbers by 2022 , the next year of the tiger . wwf is driving tx2 forward .
world conversation society tiger expert wulan pusparini cautioned that
when the video is frozen , the effect is that it looks like a tiger
but when the cat moves , it looks far more like a javan leopard , which is endangered but not extinct .
wulan pusparini , wildlife conservation society tiger expert , suggested that “when the video is frozen , the effect is that it looks like a tiger” but when the cat moves , it looks far more like a javan leopard , which is endangered but not extinct .
the javan tiger ( panthera tigris sondaica ) was exclusively found in java indonesia and went extinct in the early 1980 ' s they had thin black stripes that were usually double - looped . the javan and bali tigers were very similar in their small size weighing only 90 to 90 kg ( 200 to 220 lb )
the javan tiger had been pushed into remote mountain ranges and forests . at this stage some small reserves were set up , but these were not large enough and prey species were too low .
the last known confirmed javan tiger spotting occurred around 40 years ago . since then , preservationists assumed the tiger was extinct – until a mysterious cat was filmed by rangers at the ujung kulon national park in west java last month , the new york times reports .
despite the rangers’ excitement , some conservationists were skeptical that the cat really was a javan tiger . “when the video is frozen the effect is that it looks like a tiger , ” said wulan pusparini , a tiger expert at the wildlife conservation society , who viewed video footage of the animal . however , when the animal was seen moving , she said , it more closely resembled a leopard . javan leopards are an endangered species , and are rarely seen .
tri prasetyo , who heads a national park near the crater , said many animals naturally would flee volcanic activity . but a javan tiger was unlikely , as it ' s believed to be extinct .
“this used to be javan tiger habitat , ” mamat rahmat , the head of conservation at the park , told the local news media , according to emont . “we hope that they’re still there . ”
javan tigers had thin and long stripes . their occipital plane was narrow , carnassials comparatively long and they also had long and narrow nose .
but until concrete evidence can be produced ( expert sightings , pug marks , photographic evidence , attacks on people and animals ) , the javan tiger must be considered yet another subspecies which is probably lost to mankind .
as habitat for javan tigers dwindled , the tigers and their prey were hunted and poisoned during intensified human - wildlife conflicts . tropical forests were converted to rice fields or teak and rubber plantations , further fragmenting tiger habitat .
more than 40 years ago , the last known javan tiger was seen by human eyes . in the intervening years , preservationists assumed the tiger was extinct — until a mysterious big cat was filmed by rangers at the ujung kulon national park in west java last month , the new york times reports .
in the rainforests of sumatra live the last of the sunda or “island tigers” – a distinct group of tiger subspecies once found across indonesia’s sunda island chain . until only a few decades ago , tigers roamed the islands of bali and java . today , the bali and javan tiger subspecies are extinct .
effective protection of the world’s only remaining javan rhino population is critical to ensuring the species’ survival . wwf will continue our support for rhino protection patrols in ujung kulon national park and work with communities who live in the park’s buffer zone to eliminate human encroachment into the javan rhino’s limited habitat and poaching .
points out that consumers say they want wild tiger parts , not farmed ones .
is this a live tasmanian tiger ? man claims to have captured . . .
in the early 19th century javan tigers ( panthera tigris sondaica ) were so common over java that in some areas the were considered nothing more than pests .
only a few national parks in west java contain what is left of the island’s large fauna , which include just 60 rhinos and a small population of leopards . of the three subspecies of indonesian tigers , two — the bali tiger and the javan tiger — have been declared extinct . the sumatran tiger still exists on sumatra , but it is considered critically endangered , the result of hunting and rapid deforestation .
clearance of java’s rainforests for agricultural expansion led to the extirpation of the javan tiger and intensified other factors that led to what biologists refer to as an “extinction vortex” : a series of mutually reinforcing feedbacks that drives a population downward to extinction .
we can’t bring back the bali and javan tigers , but we can save the sumatran tiger and pull it out from the vortex of extinction . learn how you can help rainforest trust and its partners to save sumatran tigers and their habitat .
despite the continuing claims of sightings it is far more likely that , even with full protection and in reserve areas , the javan tiger was unable to be saved . the ' tigers ' are quite likely to be leopards seen from a distance .
renowned tiger biologist k . ullas karanth , who works with the new york - based
should we be hopeful that the javan tiger has escaped extinction ? it may not be a great life … java is small , the parks are smaller and the population of deer , cattle , boars and other natural tiger foods are quite scarce , while the food these creatures turn to when desperately hungry are building more homes , barns and doghouses .
“that’s the javan leopard , ” she said of the mysterious cat . “that’s the last large carnivore on java . you would hope people would get excited about it . ”
till the mid - 60s , javan tigers survived in protected areas – such as ujung kulon , leuwen sancang and baluran which were set up in 1920s and 1930s . however , no confirmed tiger sightings were reported in those areas following the civil unrest in 1965 .
) , and differ from most similar sumatran tiger haplotypes by only 1 or 2 nucleotides .
the bengal tiger has reddish - orange colored fur with dark brown - black vertical stripes .
are one of the largest predators in the world . each tiger has their own large territory in which males have a larger home range size than females . according to tiger research (
occasional reports of tigers still surface from enthusiasts who believe the tiger still exists in java .
tiger is occasionally served in restaurants in hanoi and beijing , where rare dishes denote status .
the balinese tiger ( panthera tigris balica ) was exclusively found in bali in indonesia and went extinct in the early 1930 ' s . the javan and bali tigers were very similar in their small size weighing only 90 to 90 kg ( 200 to 220 lb ) .
javan tigers’ small body size was imputed to bergmann’s rule as well as the size of the available prey that are relatively smaller when compared to the ones found in mainland asia .
the small size of the javan rhino population is a cause for concern . low genetic diversity and inbreeding could make it difficult for the long - term survival of the species .
conservation biologist firoz ahmed caught a tiger resting in the water in kaziranga national park in india .
their study ' s first results appeared in 2004 that showed malayan tigers splitting from its indochinese counterpart as a distinct , new fifth - living tiger subspecies . the latest results show that extinct javan ( 1980s ) and bali ( 1940s ) tigers were nearly indistinguishable from a molecular standpoint from sumatran tigers just as the extinct caspian tigers are nearly identical to surviving amur tiger subspecies .
the sumatran tiger ( panthera tigris sumatrae ) is the smallest living tiger subspecies , weighing up to 120 kg ( 265 lb ) and is about 2 . 4 m ( 8 ft ) in length . they are found in sumatra , part of indonesia . the sumatran tiger ' s fur is darker in coloration than other tiger species with a deep orange to reddish coat and black stripes .
effective tiger survey methods ; population count on sighting , detecting signs , etc . , influence the effective result of tiger abundance . at the same time , the high abundance of tiger population can be an effective , reliable site study on the relation between tigers and their prey species as well .
however , some big cat experts point out that the stripes seem to look like spots as the cat walks and there aren’t many of the nearly - extinct javan leopard available for comparison .
settling this aspect of tiger evolution clearly requires genetic studies of museum and private specimens of bali and javan tigers . here , based on gathering and validation of museum samples ( yamaguchi et al . 2013 ) we analyzed the phylogeographic history of javan and bali tigers to determine historical genetic diversity and genetic relationships between extinct tigers and extant relatives . genetic patterns were analyzed jointly with published data from the 6 extant and 1 extinct ( caspian ) tiger subspecies ( luo et al . 2004 , 2008 ; driscoll et al . 2009 ; luo et al . 2010b ) . the results highlight a clearer picture of the evolutionary history and phylogeographic partitioning that have formed modern tiger population structures .
the smaller body size of javan tigers is attributed to bergmann’s rule and the size of the available prey species in java , which are smaller than the cervid and bovid species distributed on the asian mainland . however , the diameter of their tracks are larger than of bengal tiger in bangladesh , india and nepal .
fossil evidences suggest that around 12000 years ago , javan tigers also existed in borneo island and palawan in philippines . still , some experts say that the borneo specimens survived as recently as 200 years ago .
wwf works with governments across the 13 tiger range countries to maintain momentum around the conservation of tigers , which is a valuable asset that can enhance their development agendas . by linking tiger conservation with forest preservation and carbon sequestration efforts , tiger range nations and their partners can demonstrate their commitment to promoting a healthy environmental and economic future .
javan rhinos were killed by trophy hunters during colonial times . they were also killed as agricultural pests and for their horn , a highly prized commodity in traditional asian medicine . poaching remains an ever - present threat .
like the tasmanian tiger , there are many who believe a few javan tigers are hiding in the deep wilderness areas of the island . some tracks have been found that may been javans but were not confirmed and the body a female mountain hiker found in mount merbabu national park in central java in 2008 appears to have been the result of a tiger attack by a creature that locals claimed to have seen but , again , could not confirm .
) , may help further elucidate the issue . nevertheless , the similarity among the sunda tiger mtdna haplotypes ( 1–2 nucleotide difference among sumatran , javan and bali tigers ) suggests common origin and rapid divergence of island subspecies , and may reflect that the somewhat distinctive morphological features in each subspecies have evolved rapidly after each island was colonized .
trade in tiger parts and products is a major threat to wild tiger survival . together with traffic , the global wildlife trade monitoring network , we implement strategies to stop wildlife criminal networks , help governments shut down black markets , and change consumer behavior . we conduct investigations to document the tiger trade , catalyze action against it , and train enforcement agencies . we continue to champion transnational wildlife enforcement networks and build strategies to reduce demand for tiger parts and products .
) . no haplotype is shared among voucher sumatran , javan and bali tigers . the size of a circle corresponds to the number of specimens from the island and sectors of the pie chart are proportional to haplotype frequencies .
humankind played no role in most of these extinctions . however , we are responsible for many hundreds of the most recent ones . the passenger pigeon is gone because of us ; so is the wild dromedary camel , the dodo bird , the javan tiger , the dusky seaside sparrow . . . the list could go on and on .
to follow up on alleged sightings , a survey was conducted with the help of wwf between 1993 and 1994 using camera traps in east java’s meru betiri national park . no tiger tracks or other signs were found in the survey . the cameras revealed no tigers , few prey and many poachers . after the final report of this survey , the javan tiger was declared extinct . unofficial “ghost sightings” occasionally occur , but they are likely just that – ghosts .
, a system of dedicated national reserves supported by teams of rangers . tiger numbers doubled over the next 15 years .
a subsequent survey was planned in the meru betiri national park in autumn 1992 with the support of wwf indonesia , deploying camera traps for the first time . from march 1993 to march 1994 , cameras were positioned at 19 sites , which did not yield a single picture of a tiger . during this period , no tracks indicating the presence of tigers were discovered . after the final report of this survey had been published , the javan tiger was declared extinct .
put a bounty on the head of the animals to encourage their killing . though javan locals refrained from killing the creatures unless they did harm , as human populations swelled many big cat encounters resulted in human deaths , according to
in november 2008 , an unidentified body of a female mountain hiker was found in mount merbabu national park , central java , who allegedly died from tiger attack . villagers who discovered the body have also claimed some tiger sightings in the vicinity .
males of the largest subspecies , the amur ( siberian ) tiger , may weigh up to 660 pounds . for males of the smallest subspecies—the sumatran tiger—upper range is at around 310 pounds . within each subspecies , males are heavier than females .
this male sumatran tiger cub was born at the sacramento zoo on march 3 , 2013 . its species is critically endangered .
artist zio ziegler ' s exclusive tiger t - shirt helps raise awareness and support for wwf ' s global conservation efforts .
fossil evidence and genetic information has determined that the lion , leopard and jaguar have more in common with each other than with the tiger . thus it is estimated that the tiger diverged earlier from the common panthera ancestor than other members of its genus .
“javan tigers have been extinct for three generations , ” ms . wulan said . she said she wished the indonesian public would get as excited about saving endangered animals as they have been this week about the potential for discovering an extinct species .
online ) presents a plausible solution to longstanding uncertainty regarding the tiger radiation throughout mainland asia and the sunda islands . the position of
the photograph , which circulated across social media , prompted the world wildlife fund to support an expedition in search of the supposed tiger .
much of the hunting was carried out by natives , a surprising thing since they considered the tiger a reincarnation of their dead relatives .
in 1995 , a group of villagers from resapombo sighted a tiger with its cubs , high up the mountains of purworejo blitar in east java . cubs of these tiger were sold on the market in malang , where today is a market for all kinds of animals .
a few years ago i read an article that forest officials would set up camera traps in hopes of finding this cat . haven ' t read of any follow up since , so i ' m guessing the findings were bleak . java forests are diminishing fast , thus unfortunately there is a good chance the javan tiger is for sure gone and many other species may meet the same fate .
the caspian tiger ( panthera tigris virgata ) was native from turkey through central and west asia and went extinct around the 1950 ' s . they had a distinctive style for hunting in that they stalked migrating prey over long distances rather than holding territories like other tiger subspecies .
the tiger’s situation has grown desperate in a mere century . a hundred years ago , there were over 100 , 000 in the wild , with more than 40 , 000 in india alone . currently , the total number of tigers worldwide is calculated at fewer than 3 , 500 . three subspecies — javan , bali , and caspian tigers — vanished during the 20th century . a fourth , the south china tiger , has not been seen in the wild for more than 25 years and is assumed to have gone extinct during the 1990s .
nine subspecies of tiger are recognized ; however , three of them are extinct , according to the integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) .
tigers lucky enough to escape the poachers face being shot or poisoned by villagers angered by livestock losses . starvation in the wild presents another peril : prey depletion and habitat degradation are eroding the species’ future . a breeding female bengal tiger needs two deer a week , an amur tiger more than 20 pounds of meat a day to make it through the winter . because of these threats and the tiger’s rapid decline , the
there have been thousands of reported sightings of the tasmanian tiger , or scientifically known as thylacine , but many of them are quickly dismissed .
this sounds like the usual wishful thinking and remorseful hoping … until august 25 , 2017 . that’s when a ranger at the ujung kulon national park on the west end of the island of java spotted a big cat feeding on a dead banteng ( wild javan cattle ) . that would not be an unusual sight – the park has a population of javan leopards – except this cat had stripes , not spots . fortunately , the ranger was able to record the beast walking away from the banteng towards some peacocks … the next course ?
6 . rusa deer , the tiger ' s most important prey species , were lost to disease in several reserves and forests during the 1960s .
total tiger habitat in the world today ( 2013 ) is about staggering 11 lakh ( 1 . 1 million ) urltoken dispersed among asia’s 13 countries
carpal whiskers are located on the back of the tiger’s front legs . with their help cat can feel its prey and detect any escape attempts .
fans of the search for the tasmanian tiger / thylacine may want to pay attention to this one . media outlets on the island of java are reporting a sighting of what appears to be a javan tiger . if it’s true , this would move the beast off of the extinct animals list where it has resided since 1979 when the last confirmed sighting occurred . is the video legit ? if it is , is this good news or bad news for yet another species that was thought to have been hunted to extinction . will humans get let off hook again ?
the first people to embrace the tiger as an important symbol in their culture were the indus valley civilization of harappa and mohenjo daro ( area known today as pakistan ) around 5 , 000 years ago . tiger symbols were engraved on seals and worn as amulets as a representation of property ownership .
from the hunting behavior study found that tigers mostly grab and bite their prey on neck until it die . to bite on neck keeps them safe from the prey’s antlers and hooves ( karanth , 1995 ) . after the prey died , the tiger will drag to eat at a safe place . normally , tiger hunts large prey . the experienced adult tiger hunts carefully and in the case may cause the least injury ( schaller , 1976 ) .
experts are skeptical , however , noting that the video of the spotting appears to show a cat moving more like a leopard than a tiger . the
geographic distribution of mtdna haplotypes among tigers from the islands of sumatra , java , and bali . only tiger specimens with confirmed geographic origins from java (
amazing fresh footage has emerged of what ' s believed to be a tasmanian tiger walking through a field , despite having been declared extinct in 1936 .
in the past century , populations of wild tigers have plummeted from 100 , 000 to 3 , 500 . now the world bank and conservationists have launched an eleventh - hour effort to save this great predator , focusing on reining in the black market for tiger parts and ending the destruction of tiger habitat .
“tigress t - 26 with three cubs lives in the close vicinity of t - 20 , an aged tiger . t - 31 with two cubs is frequently visited by tiger t - 23 . t - 11 with three cubs is protected by t - 33 . t - 30 with a litter of three cubs is protected by t - 3 and t - 9 with two cubs is protected by t - 33 , a male tiger , ” he noted .
tigers need landscapes to thrive , and our work to protect and connect their fragile habitat is based on rigorous scientific analysis . wwf has chosen places to focus its resources based on the best available science . these areas are where densities of prey and tigers are at their highest . the locations encompass tiger corridors that link tiger sites within landscapes . our work includes building local capacity to manage protected areas and coordinating with partners to manage core tiger areas and corridors .
the first evidence for the past presence of the tiger panthera tigris ( l . ) on the island of palawan , philippines : extinction in an island population
monitoring tigers and their prey is essential to achieving our goal of doubling wild tiger populations . by employing camera traps , tracking technologies and dna collected from scat ( droppings ) , we scrutinize the progress of tiger populations in order to adapt our strategies and make conservation decisions based on strong science and field experience .
their numbers alarmingly decreased when one of its natural preys’ – the rusa deer’s number went down in many regions triggering food scarcity . by mid - 50s , just 20 – 25 tigers remained in the island . in 1965 , during civil unrest , armed groups backed away and took shelter in forests and reserves reducing the natural tiger habitat . in the midst of a human - dominated landscape , the deracination of javan tigers got intensified in the 1970s .
meru betiri was rugged and considered this tiger ' s last chance for survival . however , even as it was declared a reserve , the area was under attack by agricultural development . a 1979 census located the tracks of only three tigers . substantiated evidence that this tiger is still alive has not been forthcoming since then .
) is an extinct tiger subspecies that inhabited the indonesian island of java until the mid - 1970s . it was one of the three subspecies limited to islands .
“what is now happening in ranthambore will denote the sheer complexity of tiger behaviour . the trend of tigers preferring solitude is gradually changing at the park . in fact , we have witnessed a peculiar , astonishing and amazing breakthrough in the behaviour of male tigers , ” said rajesh kumar gupta , field director , ranthambhore tiger reserve .
from their pharmacopeia in 1993 , skins still sell for up to $ 35 , 000 , and organs and body parts — bones , whiskers , eyeballs , penises , paws , claws — are snapped up as souvenirs or ingredients of traditional asian medicine . tiger is occasionally served at restaurants in hanoi and beijing , where rare dishes denote high status . in russia , the uber - wealthy have acquired a taste for tiger pelts as home dã©cor ; in sumatra , magic spells require tiger parts .
the first people to embrace the tiger as an important symbol in their culture were the indus valley civilization of harappa and mohenjo daro around 5 , 000 years ago .
following the october 2010 eruption of mount merapi , two indonesian villagers have claimed sightings of a big cat paw print in the residual ash , which sparked rumours a tiger or leopard was roaming abandoned farms in search for food . personnel of the nearby national park did not think it likely this paw print was a tiger ' s .
waters , who runs the thylacine awareness group of australia , says there are a few reasons why he believes the creature in the video is definitely a tasmanian tiger .
the south china tiger ( panthera tigris amoyensis ) are native to south central china . they may weigh up to 150 kg ( 330 lb ) and are about 2 . 5 m ( 8 ft ) in length . south china tigers are the most critically endangered of all tiger subspecies with a population estimate between 30 to 80 individuals .
the javan tiger ( panthera tigris sundaica ) , which is more similar to the sumatran , held on longer into the 20th century . between 1900 and 1975 , the population on java almost tripled from 28 million to 85 million people . during this time , the annual production of rice was unable to keep up with population demands , resulting in the clearing of forests for rice cultivation . in 1938 , tropical forests covered 23 % of the island ; by 1975 , only 8 % remained .
sightings of giant cat pawprints in the thick grey ash blanketing mount merapi ' s slopes on tuesday sparked rumours a tiger or leopard was roaming abandoned farms searching for food .
) are extinct . the specific threats to tigers vary regionally , but human persecution , hunting , and human - induced habitat destruction are universal factors in threatening tiger populations .
show your love of the tiger with the wwf bankamericard cash rewards visa credit card . bank of america will contribute $ 100 to wwf for each account opened and activated .
justification : tigers were last positively recorded from java ' s meru betiri national park in 1976 , and likely disappeared from much of the rest of the island by the 1940s . the causes of extinction include hunting , and loss of forest habitat and prey base . there are no javan tigers in captivity ( seidensticker 1987 ) .
in 2009 . the bank possesses “convening power” among its 187 member countries and began organizing international workshops that culminated in an unprecedented plan to gather together world leaders of all tiger range countries . the tiger summit will be held on nov . 21 , during the waning days of this year of the tiger , in st . petersburg , russia . such political capital expended on a conservation issue is unprecedented . for the first time in history , one of the world’s top financiers has galvanized worldwide support in defense of an endangered species .
the bali tiger ( panthera tigris balica ) was the smallest of the tiger subspecies and was last positively recorded in the late 1930’s in bali barat national park . pushed to the edge by growing human populations , hunted for sport , and persecuted by villagers as a pest , it was declared extinct not long after the end of the second world war .
the tiger is the largest member of the felid ( cat ) family . they sport long , thick reddish coats with white bellies and white and black tails . their heads , bodies , tails and limbs have narrow black , brown or gray stripes . there were once nine subspecies of tigers : bengal , siberian , indochinese , south chinese , sumatran , malayan , caspian , javan and bali . of these , the last three are extinct , one is extinct in the wild , and the rest are endangered .
the indo - chinese tiger ( panthera tigris corbetti ) is one of the smallest tiger subspecies , weighing up to 182 kg ( 400 lb ) and is about 2 . 8 m ( 9ft ) in length . they have a large range encompassing continental southeast asia region ( southern china , laos , vietnam , cambodia , malaysia , thailand and eastern burma ) .
tigers are facing major threats - - including poaching and habitat destruction - - that have put them on the path to extinction . you can help save them . adopt a tiger .
in the west of java lies the halimun reserve , today integrated into the mount halimun salak national park . in 1984 , a tiger was killed there ; and in 1989 , pugmarks were found that were the size of a tiger’s . however , an expedition of six biologists conducted in 1990 did not yield any definite , direct evidence for the existence of tigers .
poaching continues to pose a seemingly insurmountable problem . losses of 2 percent a year threaten the tiger with immediate extinction , according to john scanlon , secretary - general of cites , the
this big cat is both admired and feared by people around the world . if forests are emptied of every last tiger , all that will remain are distant legends and zoo sightings .
from basic principles of animals energetic that tiger ' s prey must be over 20 kg . density of prey species influence tiger densities in several ways . as prey density declines , breeding female ranges become larger , dramatically reducing the number of such females that an area can support . high prey densities appear to permit the area to support higher number of transient animals ( karanth and nichols 1998 , 2000 ) . because cub and juvenile survival rates are higher when prey availability is higher , the numbers of tiger in these two demographic stages are also higher . while other habitat - related or managerial factors also influence tiger density at a given site , prey abundance appears to be the primary ecological determinant in most places ( karanth and nichols 2002 ) .
) indicates modest and recent population expansion throughout the last glacial period ( c . 110 000–12 000 years ago ) in the region . inference with the pair - wise sequentially markovian coalescent ( psmc ) model of tiger demographic history based on genome - wide data from an amur tiger also indicates a holocene population expansion as ice sheets retreated and suitable habitats containing ungulate prey returned (
in india ; the prey concentrations are high and male tigers have territories that range in size from 5 to 150 sq km . in siberia the prey concentrations are much lower and male tiger territories range in size from 800 to 1200 sq km . seasonality in terms of prey migrations , food availability and weather may also affect prey populations and therefore the size of tiger territories .
principal prey species indicates dynamic tiger abundance . in india , a study about feeding ecology of tigers reveals that , in one year , a tiger requires prey weighing an average of 3 , 000 kg which is approximately 50 adult spotted deer . this implies that to expect the reproduction of 50 chital , we have to reserve the existing amount of at least 500 spotted deer .
this species is a dusky grey color and has a single horn of up to about 10 inches . its skin has a number of loose folds , giving the appearance of armor plating . the javan rhino is very similar in appearance to the closely - related greater one - horned rhinoceros , but has a much smaller head and less apparent skin folds .
javan rhinos are found in only one protected area in the world . the biology of the species is poorly understood , but we are starting to learn more about the species ecology and behavior thanks to very intensive monitoring of the population . they are extremely vulnerable to extinction due to natural catastrophes , habitat loss , diseases , poaching , and potential inbreeding .
the sumatran tiger ( p . t . sumatrae ) is found only on sumatra island . the other two subspecies only found on indonesian islands have already gone completely extinct . this tiger was found to be a distinct subspecies in 1998 through genetic testing . there are between 400 and 500 left in the wild , mostly in national parks . the sumatran tiger is the smallest subspecies due to thick forests and small prey . it has dark fur , with closely spaced stripes and a longer mane . one male needs 100 square kilometers ( 39 square miles ) of space .
so countries and conservation organizations are urgently rallying to save the tiger , but their efforts are shadowed by the fact that the species has been “saved” before . early in the 1970s , the tiger population in india fell to a similarly alarming level , below 2 , 000 . president indira gandhi backed what may have been the most comprehensive single - species conservation plan of its time :
the siberian tiger ( p . t . altaica ) is also called the amur tiger . it lives in eastern siberia , with a small population in northeastern china and north korea . it calls the taiga and eastern russian birch forest its home . about 500 siberian tigers exist in the wild . they are adapted to live in the cold siberian landscape . they are the largest tigers and have thicker fur to survive the cold . the tigers are also paler and have fewer stripes , which are dark brown instead of black . one thing going for them is that they live in the largest unfragmented tiger habitat with the fewest humans . they need the most space of any of the other tiger subspecies , one male needs 1000 square km ( 386 square miles ) .
the tigris river is said to flow straight like an arrow . this river is thought to be the origin of the tiger ' s species name , tigris , which is greek for arrow .
the smallest tiger subspecies with a weight of around 90 - 120 kg . they have dark , reddish - brown coats with broad black stripes . and are only found in sumatra , indonesia .
at the beginning of the 20th century , 28 million people lived on the island of java . the annual production of rice was insufficient to adequately supply the growing human population , so within 15 years , 150 % more land was cleared for cultivating rice . in 1938 , natural forest covered 23 % of the island . by 1975 , only 8 % forest stand remained ; the human population had increased to 85 million people . in this human - dominated landscape , the extirpation of the javan tiger was intensified by the conjunction of several circumstances and events :
live tigers are of economic importance in zoos where they are displayed to the public and in wildlife areas where they may bring in tourism . tigers are illegally killed for their fur to make rugs and wall hangings . in addition , for more than 3000 years traditional chinese medicine has used tiger parts to treat sickness and injury . the humerus ( upper leg bone ) , for example , has been prescribed to treat rheumatism even though there is no evidence that it has any affect on the disease . some believe that tiger bones will help them become as strong and ferocious as the tiger .
) with missing data ( due to sequence omission in several samples ) coded as “n . ” these haplotypes were analyzed jointly with 25 voucher tiger haplotypes of 4078bp each from all 6 living subspecies (
- 13173 - a variant shared by bal and son distinguishes them from all sumatran tiger haplotypes ( sum1 - 8 and sumx ) . bal is common in our collection and shared by 6 individuals (
we are now able to construct , for the first time , the intraspecific phylogeny for the tiger based on all the 9 recognized subspecies . interpreting the layered cladogenic effects of variance and dispersal illustrated in
one of the world’s largest , and most uniquely - adapted , tiger populations is found in the sundarbans—a large mangrove forest area shared by india and bangladesh on the northern coast of the indian ocean . these mangrove forests harbor a variety of species , including tigers , and protect coastal regions from storm surges and wind damage . however , rising sea levels caused by climate change threaten to wipe out these forests and the last remaining habitat of this tiger population . according to a wwf study , without mitigation efforts , projected sea level rise—about a foot by 2070—could destroy nearly the entire sundarbans tiger habitat .
the population in ujung kulon national park represents the only hope for the survival of a species that is on the brink of extinction . until the late 19th century and early 20th century , javan rhinos existed from northeast india and the sunderbans , throughout mainland southeast asia , and on the island of sumatra . if we lose the population in java , the entire species will disappear .
javan tigers were very small compared to other subspecies of the asian mainland , but larger in size than bali tigers . males weighed between 100 and 140 kg ( 220 and 310 lb ) on average with a body length of 200 to 245 cm ( 79 to 96 in ) . females were smaller than males and weighed between 75 and 115 kg ( 170 and 250 lb ) on average . their nose was long and narrow , occipital plane remarkably narrow and carnassials relatively long . they usually had long and thin stripes , which were slightly more numerous than of the sumatran tiger .
educational campaigns ; and develop long - term financing schemes to pay for it all . the draft document outlining the program is a manifesto for a new paradigm of conservation , seeking to counter the notion that this might be another single - species conservation project . the program seeks to protect the tiger as the apex predator in its ecosystem and as an emblem of all biodiversity in that system . protection of the tiger , it states , entails protection of tiger landscapes , which also function as critically important watersheds serving 832 million people . conservation , the program’s author’s insist , “is no longer a fringe concern . ”
opportunities in india and china while “simultaneously green - washing its warty environmental visage . ” at the nagarahole tiger reserve , karanth said that consultants made away with much of the money as 12 , 000 timber trees were smuggled from the reserve and tiger and elephant poaching rose . “despite huge investments , ” he concluded , the bank’s project “damage [ d ] wildlife and habitats without increasing local community support . ”
the international union for the conservation of nature ' s ( iucn ' s ) red list of threatened species categorizes all remaining tiger species as endangered . most live on wildlife refuges to protect them from poachers .
historic tiger range ran from turkey through south and southeast asia to the far eastern shores of the continent . today , they are only found in south and southeast asia , china and the russian far east .


the chestnut-throated seedeater ( sporophila telasco ) is neotropical songbird in the family thraupidae .

it is found in along the western seaboard of south america , from southwestern colombia to far northern chile .

the natural habitats of the chestnut-throated seedeater are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , subtropical or tropical moist shrubland , swamps , sandy shores , and heavily degraded former forest along the pacific coast and montane uplands of western south america , primarily ecuador , peru and chile .

the species serves as an indicator of declining forest health , as their populations appear to increase following deforestation and land use change .

these songbirds are among the smallest members of the tanager family at approximately 4.0 inches in length , and possess powerful bills to harvest grass seeds .

chestnut - throated seedeater

click the button below to add the chestnut throated seedeater to your wish list .
temperament : no information founds but in watching the chestnut - throated seedeater , it appears to be a sweet and docile bird .
the chestnut - throated seedeater ( sporophila telasco ) is neotropical songbird in the family thraupidae . one local name in chile is “corbatita” meaning little tie , as if it wears a little chestnut tie on a white shirt .
the chestnut - throated seedeater is common along the coastal lowland and also the marañon drainage where it is known to range up to 700 m along the foothill of the andes . it also occurs in
the natural habitats of the chestnut - throated seedeater are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , subtropical or tropical moist shrubland , swamps , sandy shores , and heavily degraded former forest along the pacific coast and montane uplands of western south america , primarily ecuador , peru and chile .
but is distinguished by a smaller size , chestnut throat , no white wing bars and no white wing speculum . also , see
jaramillo , a . ( 2018 ) . chestnut - throated seedeater ( sporophila telasco ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
. the breeding male chestnut - throated seedeater has bluish gray upperparts . the throat is chestnut with white on the rest of the underparts . the bill is black . the female has brown upperparts streaked and mottled with dusky . the underparts are brownish with faint brown streaking on the breast . the non - breeding male has a dull plumage with little chestnut on the throat and brown bill . the juvenile and the female in fresh plumage have warm brown to buff shades on the breast and back . both sexes show a white wing speculum . it forages in open areas with scattered shrubs as well in grasslands , fallow agricultural fields , and river edges . it is similar to the
this seedeater is a relatively unusual looking for a seedeater , and one that is restricted to the arid pacific slope from southernmost colombia to northernmost chile . this is not a species of the desert , but it does well in arid areas where there is shrubbery or a moister riparian area or irrigated farmland . likely its distribution and abundance has increased through the aid of humans , as it does well in agricultural landscapes that are taking over from desert habitats . the male has a few oddities in plumage for a seedeater , it is streaked above which is unusual , it also has a very dark chestnut throat patch , restricted to a small area of the chin and throat . one local name in chile is “corbatita” meaning little tie , as if it wears a little chestnut tie on a white shirt . the rest of the underparts are white . otherwise above it is grayish , including the face , and it has a big bold white wing stripe . females are more distinctive than that of typical seedeaters as they show a trace of the wing stripe , and some may look moderately streaked above . this seedeater has a relatively large and rounded bill , although it is clearly smaller billed than the parrot - billed seedeater . that rather different species may in fact be the chestnut - throated’s closest relative . this seedeater breeds in the rainy season , where there is one , taking advantage of new grass and its seeds as a food source for the young .
other synonyms catalan : menjagrà gola - roig czech : kněžík malinký danish : brunstrubet klerkefinke german : braunkehlpfäffchen , braunkehlspelzer english : chestnut - throated or tumaco seedeater , chestnut - throated seedeater spanish : corbatita , corbatita del norte , espiguero corbatón , espiguero pechiblanco , semillero gorjicastaño spanish ( chile ) : corbatita , corbatita del norte spanish ( colombia ) : espiguero pechiblanco spanish ( spain ) : semillero gorjicastaño spanish ( peru ) : espiguero de garganta castaña finnish : ruskokurkkusirkkunen french : sporophile télasco , sporophile télasco ou s . de tumaco hungarian : tumako - törpepinty italian : beccasemi golacastana japanese : kurinodohimeuso japanese : クリノドヒメウソ latin : pyrrhula telasco , sporophila [ telasco or insulata ] , sporophila telasco lithuanian : rudagurklė kikilinė starta dutch : grijsneksaffraangors , roodkindikbekje , roodkin - dikbekje norwegian : brunhakefrøeter polish : ziarnojadek rudobrody russian : каштановогорлая вьюрковая овсянка slovak : knažík hnedohrdlý , kňažík hnedohrdlý swedish : brunhakad frösparv , brunstrupig fröfink chinese : 栗喉食籽雀 chinese ( traditional ) : 栗喉食籽雀
breeding : this seedeater breeds in the rainy season , where there is one , taking advantage of new grass and its seeds as a food source for the young .
10–10·5 cm ; two males 8·4 g and 10·9 g . typical seedeater , tiny and with thick bill approximately as long as it is deep , with distinct rounded . . .
males possess a rich chestnut patch on the throat in breeding season , while females share a similar color pattern , but lack the throat patch , with a lighter bill , but moult into drab plumage outside of the breeding season . this occurs because the cost of predator attracting , colorful plumage is no longer worth taking when breeding activities are completed . these songbirds are among the smallest members of the tanager family at approximately 4 . 0 inches in length , and possess powerful bills to harvest grass seeds .
combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : sporophila telasco . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
3 males . desert all green with herbs owing to
el niño
. reference : clxxia 293 - 310 marantz counter ( spotel2 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
desert all green with herbs owing to
el niño
. reference : clxxb 365 - 384 ( spotel1 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
desert all green with herbs owing to
el niño
. reference : b : 435 - 450 ( spotelx4 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
desert all green with herbs owing to
el niño
. reference : b : 424 - 427 ( spotelx3 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 522 side a track 112 seq . a )
several birds singing from roadside grasses before we made the turn towards the mountains .
male singing about 7 m away from mic . in grassy and high herbal vegetation with scattered bushes . the bird was sitting in some dry sticks and preened while singing .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
no flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .
yoël jimenez , josep del hoyo , greg baker , desmond allen , daniêl jimenez .
luis r figueroa , c castellani , carlos gussoni , paul van giersbergen , wromero77 , delareina , pfmack , lars petersson , ken havard , david weaver , dusan m . brinkhuizen .
taxonomic status of “ s . insulata ” ( known only from tumaco i , off nariño , in sw colombia ) , with rufous rump and underparts , is uncertain , but most likely to be a race or morph of present species # r . monotypic .
pacific coast and coastal slope from s colombia ( sw cauca ) s through coastal lowlands of ecuador ( inland as far as s loja ) and peru ( where also in upper marañón valley ) to n chile ( desert valleys of arica–parinacota ) .
song a short and staccato musical warble , sometimes with sputter towards end , quality sharp and . . .
shrubby and open areas , including edge of dry grassland , agricultural areas , desert oasis valleys , . . .
diet largely of grass seeds ; feeds nestlings with grass seeds . forages both on ground and , more usually , while perched on grass stalks or . . .
not globally threatened . common to abundant throughout its range . has a large range from n to s . agriculture in desert areas is likely increasing the amount of suitable . . .
only subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !
only members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !
in past , included in a much broader emberizidae . probably sister to cardinalidae , with these two perhaps sister to mitrospingidae # r # r # r # r . family limits and internal structure extensively revised in recent years on basis of numerous genetic studies # r # r # r # r # r # r . these have led to subdivision into 15 subfamilies , as well as numerous other notable changes ( as compared to hbw ) including : relocation herein of parkerthraustes and saltator from cardinalidae , and of charitospiza , coryphaspiza , embernagra , emberizoides , incaspiza , porphyrospiza , tiaris , euneornis , loxipasser , loxigilla , melanospiza , certhidea , platyspiza , pinaroloxias , geospiza , volatinia , coryphospingus , rhodospingus , sporophila , piezorina , xenospingus , poospiza , donacospiza , sicalis , phrygilus , nesospiza , rowettia , melanodera , haplospiza , acanthidops , idiopsar , catamenia , lophospingus , diuca , gubernatrix and paroaria from emberizidae ( = passerellidae ) ; and also removal of chlorophonia and euphonia to fringillidae , of rhodinocichla to rhodinocichlidae , of chlorospingus to passerellidae , of phaenicophilus to phaenicophilidae , of spindalis to spindalidae , of nesospingus to nesospingidae , of calyptophilus to calyptophilidae , of lamprospiza , mitrospingus and orthogonys to mitrospingidae , and of habia , chlorothraupis and piranga to cardinalidae . generic limits within family also extensively revised , and associated sequence of species followed herein # r .
small - bodied , conical - billed , seed - eating birds with melanin - based plumages ; until recently assumed to belong in emberizidae # r .
genera oryzoborus and dolospingus found to be embedded in present genus and are therefore subsumed herein # r .
get access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 € ( instead of 59 . 90 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 € ( instead of 89 . 85 € )
supporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .
view more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 € ( instead of 89 . 9 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 € ( instead of 134 . 85 € )
there is a registration fee of 20€ . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won’t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .
if you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .
this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as fairly common ( restall 2006 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be increasing as ongoing habitat degradation is creating new areas of suitable habitat .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
there are many ways to contribute—we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !
) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .
avibase has been visited 263 , 297 , 238 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy
: telasco , an inca warrior in jean françois marmontel’s novel ‘les incas , ou la destruction de l’empire du pérou’ .
schulenberg , t . s . , d . f . stotz , and l . rico . 2006 . distribution maps of the birds of peru , version 1 . 0 . environment , culture & conservation ( ecco ) . the field museum .
material published in urltoken belongs to the author ( s ) and is protected by copyright laws . contributor ( s )
contribute to the knowledge and undertanding of bird distribution in peru . report your rare and unusual sightings :
corbidi is a peruvian non - profit organization , whose goal is to develop foundations that support biodiversity conservation .
sexing : easy to sex when in breeding plumage but difficult when not when the males and females look similar .
we promise to never spam you , and just use your email address to identify you as a valid customer .
this product hasn ' t received any reviews yet . be the first to review this product !


it is found in the west indies .

the wingspan is 67 – 83 mm .

the larvae feed on ficus species .

marpesia eleuchea

no one has contributed data records for marpesia eleuchea dospassosi yet . learn how to contribute .
marpesia eleuchea hübner , 1818 ; zuträge samml . exot . schmett . 1 : 32 , pl . [ 35 ] , f . 197 - 198 ; tl : cuba
marpesia eleuchea , the antillean daggerwing , is a species of butterfly of the family nymphalidae . it is found in the west indies . occasional strays can be found in the florida keys .
marpesia eleuchea , the antillean daggerwing , is a species of butterfly of the nymphalidae family . it is found in the west indies . occasional strays can be found in the florida keys .
marpesia livius ; [ bow ] : pl . 39 , f . 2 ; tl : 2
marpesia berania ; [ bcr ] : 150 , pl . 23 ; [ nl4a ] , # 1718
marpesia zerynthia hübner , [ 1823 ] ; samml . exot . schmett . 2 : pl . 51
marpesia crethon ; [ bow ] : pl . 39 , f . 6 ; [ nl4a ] , # 1722
= marpesia elechea ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 25
marpesia marcella ; [ bcr ] : 149 , pl . 23 ; [ bow ] : pl . 39 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ nl4a ] , # 1728
marpesia merops ; [ bcr ] : 149 , pl . 23 ; [ bow ] : pl . 39 , f . 5 ; [ ecul ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 1729
marpesia petreus petreus ; brown & mielke , 1967 , j . lep . soc . 21 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 99 ; [ ecul ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 1731a
wingspan 50 - 78mm . sexes similar though males slightly smaller and with forewing tips black rather than brown . upperwings are bright orange rather than brown as in many - banded daggerwing marpesia chiron . the underwings are more silvery than that species .
marpesia petreus ; [ nacl ] , # 4550 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bcr ] : 146 , pl . 23 ; [ bow ] : pl . 14 , f . 11 ; [ opler ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 1731
marpesia chiron ; brown & mielke , 1967 , j . lep . soc . 21 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) : 99 ; [ nacl ] , # 4549 ; [ bcr ] : 146 , pl . 23 ; [ bow ] : pl . 38 , f . 16 ; [ opler ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 1719
hindwing with a long dagger - like tail . forewing with an elongated tip . upperside brownish orange with 3 black lines ; middle line on the forewing is sharply bent .
the west indies . strays very occasionally to the florida keys , probably from cuba .
timetes berania hewitson , 1852 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( timetes ) : [ 9 ] , pl . [ 5 ] , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : ecuador , quito ; river amazon [ = river amazon ]
papilio chiron fabricius , 1775 ; syst . ent . : 452 ; tl :
india
[ haiti ]
timetes phiale godman & salvin , 1878 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 ( 1 ) : 270 ; tl : guatemala , volcan de atitlan
surinam , peru ? , ecuador ? , colombia , venezuela . see [ maps ]
papilio furcula fabricius , 1793 ; ( repl . name ) ; tl :
jamaica , india
[ error ]
nymphalis harmonia klug , 1836 ; neue schmett . ( 1 ) : 3 , pl . 2 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : mexico , veracruz
tymetes berania ; hewitson , 1852 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ( f . )
megalura alcibiades staudinger , 1876 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien , 25 ( 1 ) : 104 ; tl : panama
megalura valetta butler & druce , 1872 ; cistula ent . 1 ( 5 ) : 101 ; tl : costa rica
? tymetes merops boisduval , [ 1846 ] ; in cuvier , règne anim . ( disciples ' ed . ) 6 ( vol . 4 ) : explic . pl . 139
papilio petreus cramer , [ 1776 ] ; uitl . kapellen 1 ( 8 ) : 138 , pl . 87 , f . d , e ; tl : surinam
timetes norica hewitson , 1852 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( timetes ) : [ 9 ] , pl . [ 5 ] , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : [ brazil , amazonas ]
timetes tutelina hewitson , 1852 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( timetes ) : [ 10 ] , pl . [ 5 ] , f . 5 ; tl : brazil , amazonas
timetes psophus westwood , 1850 ; ( nom . nud . ) ; tl : mexico , oaxaca
butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
new species of butterflies from guatemala and panama , collected by osbert salvin and f . du cane godman , esqs .
the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson
genera insectorum eorumque characters naturales secundum numerum , figuram , situm et proportionem . . .
verzeichniss der von herrn dr . theodor koch - grünberg am oberen waupes 1903 - 1905 gesammelten rhopaloceren mit besprechung verwandter arten
biologia centrali - americana . rhopalocera . vol . 1 . ( 1879 - 1886 )
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
sammlung exotischer schmetterlinge , vol . 2 ( [ 1819 ] - [ 1827 ] )
neue schmetterlinge der insenkten - sammlung des königl . zoologischen musei der universität zu berlin
zoological illustrations , or original figures and descriptions of new , rare or interesting animals , selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology , entomology , and conchology , and arranged according to their apparent affinities . second series
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
regionally endemic and found only in bahamas , cuba , jamaica and hispaniola . has also been seen as a stray in florida .
widespread and thinly distributed in cuba in gardens , open areas and woodland wherever the foodplant grows .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
this translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .
the source code for the wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the mozilla foundation , google , and apple . you could also do it yourself at any point in time .
would you like wikipedia to always look as professional and up - to - date ? we have created a browser extension .
it will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the wiki 2 technology .
i use wiki 2 every day and almost forgot how the original wikipedia looks like .
of perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .
the wingspan is 67–83 mm . adults feed on the nectar of various flowers , including tournefortia , cordia , lantana , and eupatorium species . [ 2 ]
basis of this page is in wikipedia . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 unported license . non - text media are available under their specified licenses . wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation , inc . wiki 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with wikimedia foundation .
the wingspan is 67–83 mm . adults feed on the nectar of various flowers , including tournefortia , cordia , lantana , and eupatorium species .
privacy & cookies : this site uses cookies . by continuing to use this website , you agree to their use . to find out more , including how to control cookies , see here : cookie policy
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken