the mud sunfish prefers sluggish , weedy waters of 10 – 22 °c ( 50 – 72 °f ) , over muddy , detritus-strewn bottoms , and occurs in small lakes as well as riverine backwaters .

the maximum recorded size of this species is 21 cm ( 8.3 in ) .

a. pomotis is currently the only species of genus acantharchus but baird had originally assigned it to centrarchus .

a. pomotis is sometimes also known as the mud bass .

mud sunfish

mud sunfish acantharchus pomotis longear sunfish longear sunfish lepomis megalotis
endangered
icon - click for more information general identification : many species of the sunfish family are beautifully colored and patterned . more
no studies have been reported . mud sunfish do not appear to be common anywhere .
little biological information is available for the mud sunfish . it is known that populations are spatially separated and of low density . mud sunfish spawn in the spring and males prepare nests .
mud sunfish acantharchus pomotis this nocturnal , secretive sunfish of sluggish blackwater streams is uncommon along the u . s . atlantic and eastern gulf coastal plains . more
mud sunfish in an aquarium ( south carolina , circa . 1976 ) the mud sunfish ( acantharchus pomotis ) is a sunfish ( family centrarchidae ) widely distributed in the fresh waters along the atlantic coast of north america , ranging from new york to florida . more
the mud sunfish ( acantharchus pomotis ) is a sunfish ( family centrarchidae ) widely distributed in the fresh waters along the atlantic coast of north america , ranging from new york to florida .
mud sunfish occupy areas in sloughs , lakes , pools and backwaters of streams where the water is acid and vegetation , mud and detritus occur . it is extremely rare in new york state - found only in the hackensack river . more
the mud sunfish prefers sluggish , weedy waters of 10–22 °c , over muddy , detritus - strewn bottoms , and occurs in small lakes as well as riverine backwaters .
feeding worms to my sunfish . ( lepomis spp . ) 7 / 19 / 15
the new york state department of environmental conservation ( dec ) will conduct studies to determine the distribution of the mud sunfish in the hackensack river . dec will examine management options for securing existing populations .
similar in appearance to the rock bass , the mud sunfish can easily be distinguished by its round , not forked , tail and its brown , not red , eyes . there are five distinct lines located along the sides of this relatively small ( approximately five to six inches long ) sunfish . more
the mud sunfish is a small fish that rarely exceeds 6 . 5 inches in length . it has smooth scales , a round caudal ( tail ) fin and brown eyes . the body color is reddish brown on top and pale brown on the belly . more
usually occurs over mud and detritus in vegetated sloughs , lakes , and pools and backwaters of creeks and small to medium rivers .
the mud sunfish prefers sluggish , weedy waters of 10–22 °c ( 50–72 °f ) , over muddy , detritus - strewn bottoms , and occurs in small lakes as well as riverine backwaters . the maximum recorded size of this species is 21 cm ( 8 in ) .
1 / 2 - inch mud sunfish eat a 1 1 / 2 - inch darter whole , and a four - inch specimen devoured a 1 1 / 2 - inch fish and a 2 1 / 2 - inch salamander within 20 minutes of each other . more
overview : the mud sunfish ( acantharchus pomotis ) has a deep , strongly compressed body with a maximum length of around 21 cm . it has two broadly connected dorsal fins , the anterior fin having 10 - 12 spines and the posterior fin having 9 - 13 soft rays . more
the mud sunfish is a small fish that rarely exceeds 6 . 5 inches in length . it has smooth scales , a round caudal ( tail ) fin and brown eyes . the body color is reddish brown on top and pale brown on the belly . there are five distinct lines located along the fish ' s sides .
the mud sunfish occurs in lowland streams and bogs from southern new york to northern florida . it favors acid waters associated with cedar swamps and pine barrens areas , and it is also found in standing water with a heavy growth of aquatic plants . these waters have silty or muddy bottoms . in new york , it has only been found in the hackensack river , and not collected since 1935 .
food studies show that the sunfish feeds primarily on insects and crusteaceans . a small population found in a maryland pond was aged to evaluate life expectancy ; the fish ranged from two to eight years old .
differs from all other sunfishes in having cycloid scales rather than ctenoid scales ( the latter have a toothed rear edge ) ; only the green sunfish has 23 or more scales around the caudal peduncle ( page and burr 1991 ) .
habitat is primarily darkly stained , sluggish , weedy lowland creeks , small to medium rivers ( including backwaters ) , ponds , lakes , and swamps , usually with mud , silt , or detritus substrates ( page and burr 2011 ) .
comments : habitat is primarily darkly stained , sluggish , weedy lowland creeks , small to medium rivers ( including backwaters ) , ponds , lakes , and swamps , usually with mud , silt , or detritus substrates ( page and burr 2011 ) .
a . pomotis is currently the only species of genus acantharchus but baird had originally assigned it to centrarchus . the generic name , acantharchus , derives from the greek άκανθα ( thorn ) and άρχος ( ruler ) . a . pomotis is sometimes also known as the mud bass .
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this is a monotypic genus . analysis of variation in meristic and morphometric characters does not support recognition of subspecies in this species ( cashner et al . 1989 ) .
justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of the large range extent , presumed large population size , and lack of evidence of a substantial decline .
this species is widely distributed but uncommon throughout the atlantic coastal plain and lower piedmont from the hudson river drainage ( new york ; at least formerly ) to the st . johns river in northern florida ; it also occurs in gulf coastal plain in northern florida and southern georgia from the suwannee river to st . marks river , and ( disjunctly ) in the lower tombigbee river drainage in alabama , where it is apparently native ( page and burr 2011 ) . a hiatus in the range occurs in western chesapeake bay tributaries from the susquehanna to potomac rivers in maryland and virginia ( records from the potomac are erroneous ) ( cashner et al . 1989 ) . see cashner et al . ( 1989 ) for further information on distribution and status in particular states .
this species is represented by a large number of occurrences . total population size is unknown but presumably exceeds 10 , 000 and may exceed 100 , 000 . this species may not appear to be abundant in some areas because of a possible nocturnal activity pattern . range extent has probably not declined very much over the long term , though the species may be extirpated in new york and pennsylvania ; area of occupancy has probably declined less than 30 percent . trend over the past 10 years or three generations probably is relatively stable or slowly declining .
no major threats exist at the present time or for the foreseeable future . pollution and habitat modification such as drainage and damming are potential , but not immediate , problems .
currently , this species is of relatively low conservation concern and does not require significant additional protection or major management , monitoring , or research actions .
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global range : ( 200 , 000 - 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( about 80 , 000 - 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) this species is widely distributed but uncommon throughout the atlantic coastal plain and lower piedmont from the hudson river drainage ( new york ; at least formerly ) to the st . johns river in northern florida ; it also occurs in gulf coastal plain in northern florida and southern georgia from the suwannee river to st . marks river , and ( disjunctly ) in the lower tombigbee river drainage in alabama , where apparently it is native ( page and burr 2011 ) . a hiatus in the range occurs in western chesapeake bay tributaries from the susquehanna to potomac rivers in maryland and virginia ( records from the potomac are erroneous ) ( cashner et al . 1989 ) . see cashner et al . ( 1989 ) for further information on distribution and status in particular states .
north america : widely distributed in atlantic coastal plain and lower piedmont drainages from hudson river in new york to st . johns river in florida , usa and in gulf coastal plain drainages of northern florida and southern georgia , usa from suwannee river to st . marks river .
21 . 0 cm tl ( male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5723 ) )
type for acantharchus pomotis catalog number : usnm 32490 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of fishes collector ( s ) : s . baird locality : beeseley ' s pt . , n . j . , new jersey , united states , north america
depth range based on 2 specimens in 1 taxon . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 0 . 75 - 0 . 75 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
demersal ; freshwater ; ph range : 6 . 8 - 7 . 8 ; dh range : 10 - 25
non - migrant : no . all populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations .
locally migrant : no . no populations of this species make local extended movements ( generally less than 200 km ) at particular times of the year ( e . g . , to breeding or wintering grounds , to hibernation sites ) .
locally migrant : no . no populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km .
comments : in north carolina , diet was dominated by invertebrates , especially amphipods , decapods , coleopterans , and odonates ; large individuals sometimes ate fishes ( pardue 1993 ) .
note : for many non - migratory species , occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations .
comments : total population size is unknown but presumably exceeds 10 , 000 and may exceed 100 , 000 . this species may not appear to be abundant in some areas because of a possible nocturnal activity pattern .
relatively sedentary . may exhibit high mortality when swamps shrink and / or dry up . in north carolina , average standing stock was 351 individuals / ha and 14 . 7 kg / ha ( pardue 1993 ) .
in north carolina , spawned at temperatures as low as 6 c ; females with ripe eggs were found january - may ; both sexes reached maturity at age 1 + ; lifespan is short , 4 + years ( pardue 1993 ) .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 4 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
below is a sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
this species is listed as least concern in view of the large range extent , presumed large population size , and lack of evidence of a substantial decline .
reasons : widespread in atlantic states from new york to florida ; still present throughout most of the natural range ; habitat is not immediately threatened ; not used in sport or commercial fisheries .
comments : trend over the past 10 years or three generations probably is relatively stable or slowly declining .
comments : range extent probably has not declined very much over the long term , though the species may be extirpated in new york and pennsylvania ; area of occupancy probably has declined less than 30 percent .
comments : no major threats exist at the present time or for the forseeable future . pollution and habitat modification such as drainage and damming are potential , but not immediate , problems .
biological research needs : further investigations into the behavior and ecology of a . pomotis are needed .
froese , rainer , and daniel pauly , eds . ( 2004 ) . species of acantharchus in fishbase . october 2004 version .
froese , rainer and pauly , daniel , eds . ( 2004 ) .
acantharchus pomotis
in fishbase . october 2004 version .
comments : monotypic genus . analysis of variation in meristic and morphometric characters does not support recognition of subspecies in this species ( cashner et al . 1989 ) .
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, ph range : 6 . 8 - 7 . 8 , dh range : 10 - 25 environment .


the white-bellied green pigeon ( treron sieboldii ) is a species of bird in the family columbidae .

its natural habitat is temperate forests .

white - bellied green pigeon

select an image : 1 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 2 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 3 . white - bellied green pigeon > > females 4 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 5 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 6 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 7 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 8 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 9 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 10 . white - bellied green pigeon > > in flight from below 11 . white - bellied green pigeon > > flock in flight 12 . white - bellied green pigeon > > flock 13 . white - bellied green pigeon > > male 14 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult female 15 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult female 16 . white - bellied green pigeon > > male taking off 17 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 18 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 19 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 20 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 21 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 22 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 23 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 24 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 25 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 26 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 27 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 28 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 29 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 30 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 31 . white - bellied green pigeon > > male
the white - bellied green pigeon ( treron sieboldii ) is a species of bird in the columbidae family .
baptista , l . f . , trail , p . w . , horblit , h . m . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . white - bellied green - pigeon ( treron sieboldii ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
, except golden tinge generally less pronounced on breast and almost lacking on crown and forehead ; belly paler , nearly white ; . . .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be uncommon to very rare ( del hoyo et al . 1997 ) , while national population estimates include : < c . 10 , 000 breeding pairs and < c . 50 individuals on migration in china ; c . 100 - 100 , 000 breeding pairs in taiwan and c . 100 - 100 , 000 breeding pairs in japan ( brazil 2009 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction .
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in the past , sometimes placed in genus sphenurus . closely allied to t . sphenurus , t . permagnus and t . formosae , and more distantly to t . oxyurus species - group . race sororius only slightly differentiated from nominate , and possibly better merged with it . little - known hainan form initially assigned to sororius , but later named oblitus owing to its smaller size ; this race , although said to be closest to sororius , was subsequently included in t . sphenurus ( e . g . in hbw ) , presumably in error ; oblitus now considered indistinguishable from murielae . described form “ sphenocercus sphenurus lungchowensis ” is likewise a synonym of murielae # r . four subspecies currently recognized .
( temminck , 1835 ) – japan and e china ( jiangsu , fujian ) .
cheng , tan & sun , 1973 – c china ( s shaanxi , e sichuan ) .
( delacour , 1927 ) – sc china ( guizhou , guangxi , hainan ) s to extreme n thailand , laos and n & c vietnam ( tonkin , annam ) .
a variable phrase of long mellow pure whistles , typically modulated with sudden changes in pitch ( . . .
forest , including dense temperate mixed woodland in japan , and second growth , from coastal regions . . .
little information . nesting commences in may–jun in japan , with territorial calling from mid feb . nest is a flimsy , shallow , cup - . . .
resident in most of its range , with some local movements in response to food supply . on hokkaido , . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . previously considered near threatened . formerly common , but now uncommon in japan . apparently still common in taiwan . very rare in n . . .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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a slow motion view of a group of males and females flying , landing on a rock and taking off .
a number of males and females drinking from a coastal rock , amidst breaking waves .
a flock of birds flying over the sea and landing on a coastal rock to drink .
flock of birds flying over the sea , near the coast , seen at slow motion .
a male perched atop bare tree , down - slope giving perfect eye - level views with a nice background .
alder , lars petersson , stijn de win , josep del hoyo , phillip edwards , fran trabalon , phil gregory , petemorris , pedroyayadrums , johannes pfleiderer , ksan , joris bertrand .
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : treron sieboldii . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
there was a short cut in the initial part ( due to prerecording operation ) . slightly amplified around the frequencies .
in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city . some noise is present .
in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city . noise of a stream ( not suppressed ) .
in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city . slightly distant and amplified . low - pass filter has been used .
wintering in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city . wing beat and then flew away .
slightly distant and with noise of a stream . in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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it is found in china , japan , south korea , laos , russia , taiwan , thailand , and vietnam .
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© thai national parks , 2018 | t . a . t . license : 12 / 02497 , license issued for gibbonwoot ( managing company )


the blue-fronted robin ( cinclidium frontale ) is a species of bird in the family muscicapidae .

it is the only species in the monotypic genus cinclidium .

it is found in bhutan , china , northeast india , laos , thailand , vietnam , and possibly nepal .

blue - fronted robin

select an image : 1 . blue - fronted robin > > immature male 2 . blue - fronted robin > > male 3 . blue - fronted robin > > female 4 . blue - fronted robin > > female 5 . blue - fronted robin > > female 6 . blue - fronted robin > > female 7 . blue - fronted robin > > female 8 . blue - fronted robin > > female 9 . blue - fronted robin > > female 10 . blue - fronted robin > > female 11 . blue - fronted robin > > male 12 . blue - fronted robin > > male
the blue - fronted robin ( cinclidium frontale ) is a species of bird in the muscicapidae family .
collar , n . ( 2018 ) . blue - fronted robin ( cinclidium frontale ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
while leaving lava , i decided to walk down the road as the others got ready , and at the garbage dump in lava i had a fleeting glimpse of a bluish robin - like bird . as i searched for it , it flew out across the road , and only gave me a fraction of a second to click before disappearing again . here ' s the record shot . - gb
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as relatively uncommon ( del hoyo et al . 2005 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
blyth , 1842 – sikkim , nw bengal , bhutan and adjacent w arunachal pradesh . records from e nepal doubtful
( delacour & jabouille , 1930 ) – ne india ( se arunachal pradesh and possibly nagaland ) , sc china ( sw sichuan ) and n indochina .
18–20 cm ; 25–26 g . male nominate race is blackish - indigo , with shiny bluish forehead and shoulder , long graduated tail , white patch on underwing primary coverts , . . .
song a series of short clear melodious phrases , “tuuii - be - tue… tuu - buudy - doo…” . calls include harsh . . .
dark , densely vegetated gulleys in primary montane broadleaf evergreen forest and bamboo , 1850 . . .
no information ; keeps to low parts of vegetation , clambering among bamboo , and presumably feeds there and on ground on small insects .
; degree to which rarity reflects elusiveness unclear , but consensus of . . .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : cinclidium frontale . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
came very close in response to playback but very hard to see . . . keeps very close to the ground or on the ground , even when singing
in response to playback - came very close ( 2m ) , kept very close to ground or on ground . same bird as xc106778 - 79
in response to playback - came very close ( 2m ) , kept very close to ground or on ground . same bird as xc106778
a very difficult bird to see . found this bird in the morning and tried for quite some time . eventually , after trying for another hour at the end of the day , i got one good brief view . this was also when i made the recording . to get to see it i also used some tape but it was relatively long before the recording , so it probably did not have much influence . as you can hear it was another drizzly afternoon .
same male as in xc324174 and xc324175 , moving around a large area of bamboo .
came very close in response to playback but very hard to see . . . keeps very close to the ground or on the ground , even when singing . same bird as on xc106671 - two short cuts pasted together here
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
it is found in bhutan , china , india , laos , thailand , vietnam , and possibly nepal .
its natural habitat is temperate forests . it is the only species remaining in the genus cinclidium after others were moved to the genus myiomela .
this article uses material from the wikipedia released under the creative commons attribution - share - alike licence 3 . 0 . please see license details for photos in photo by - lines .
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the northern viscacha ( lagidium peruanum ) is a species of rodent in the family chinchillidae .

it is known from peru and chile , at elevations from 300 to 5000 m , and may also be present in bolivia .

northern viscacha

northern viscacha ( lagidium peruanum ) adult and young cordillera blanca massif , andes , peru .
mountain viscacha ( lagidium viscasia ) resting in a wetland area of lauca national park in northern chile .
) , which is also sometimes called the northern mountain viscacha , is a rodent and a member of the chinchillidae family , which also includes chinchillas . these little guys can be found in peru , northern
the mountain viscacha is found in the extreme southern portion of peru , western and central bolivia , northern and central chile , and in western argentina .
peru , 15th - century inca site located 2 , 430 metres ( 7 , 970 ft ) above sea level . northern viscacha ( lagidium peruanum ) .
the southern viscacha has a patchy distribution comprising parts of western bolivia , northern chile , western argentina and possibly extreme southern peru ( 1 ) ( 3 ) .
the southern viscacha has a patchy distribution comprising parts of western bolivia , northern chile , western argentina and possibly extreme southern peru ( 1 ) ( 3 ) .
nature picture library - northern viscacha ( lagidium peruanum ) two playing together , huascaran national park , cordillera blanca , andes , peru - cyril r . . .
northern viscachas make their burrows in the crevices of the rocky habitat they prefer and live in large colonies that can include up to 80 animals . the northern viscacha is not a territorial animal , but colonies tend to be separated from one another by some distance .
the northern viscacha is currently listed on the iucn red list as a species of least concern . it is believed to be a widely distributed species with a healthy population .
mountain vizcacha ( lagidium cf . peruanum ) in ecuador : first record of chinchillidae from the northern andes
mountain vizcacha ( lagidium cf . peruanum ) in ecuador - first record of chinchillidae from the northern andes
southern mountain viscacha - lagidium viscacia the southern mountain viscacha looks like a long - tailed rabbit . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
the southern viscacha is native to the mountainous parts of western argentina , southern peru , western and central bolivia , and northern and central chile . it lives among rocks and around crags where the vegetation is sparse .
the rocky territory that the northern viscacha lives in has sparse vegetation , so the little herbivore feeds on the hardy grasses that can survive in this somewhat harsh environment . it also dines on lichens and mosses . northern viscachas typically feed in the evenings and early nighttime hours . their daytime hours are usually spent basking in the sun on rocks .
the southern viscacha is native to the mountainous parts of western argentina , southern peru , western and central bolivia and the northern and central parts of chile . it lives in and among rocks and around crags where the vegetation is sparse .
the northern viscacha is listed as least concern ( lr / lc ) , lowest risk . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species
this species occurs in northern , central and eastern argentina , southern and western paraguay , and southeastern bolivia ( spotorno and patton 2015 ) .
the fur on their lower body is lighter than their upper parts and can be white , pale gray or yellow . the ends of their long tails are darker than the rest of the northern viscacha ' s body , usually rust or black in color .
northern viscachas look a little like a cross between a squirrel and a rabbit . they have large ears for their bodies , soft , thick fur , and a bushy curled tail . northern viscachas that live at lower elevations are typically gray in color , while those living up higher tend to be brown .
rowlands iw . 1974 . mountain viscacha . symposium of the zoological society of london 34 : 131 - 141 . [ links ]
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. although they are typically found between the timber and the snow lines in the andes mountains at elevations between 3 , 000 to 5 , 000 meters - - or 10 , 000 feet to 16 , 000 feet - - they can also be found in low coastal ranges at only 300 meters - - or 980 feet . in addition , the northern viscacha is one of only 70 mammal species that live in the unique winter rainfall - valdivian forests in chile .
although the southern viscacha is locally hunted for its meat and fur , it is still a very common species , and is not thought to be declining at a rate to warrant significant concern ( 1 ) .
although the southern viscacha is locally hunted for its meat and fur , it is still a very common species , and is not thought to be declining at a rate to warrant significant concern ( 1 ) .
there are seven species in this family . they are all found in south america . they have thick , very soft fur ; large ears ; big eyes ; and bushy tails . their hind legs are longer than their front legs . they live in colonies . most species , except for the plains viscacha , live in rocky crevices or burrows in the mountains . plains viscacha live on the plains and dig burrows .
the southern viscacha is a common species and locally abundant but it is prone to wide swings in population due to adverse weather conditions . it is hunted for its flesh and its fur but not to such an extent as to reduce its numbers significantly . the
the southern viscacha has yellowish - grey upperparts , paler underparts , and a black - tipped , bushy tail . the body fur is long and soft , while that on the tail is coarse . the long , fur - covered ears have a white fringe and both the short front legs and longer hind legs have four digits on the feet . the soles of the feet have fleshy pads called
pallipes
and they can move about with agility over rocky surfaces . the weight of an adult southern viscacha is about
the southern viscacha is a common species and locally abundant , but it is prone to wide swings in population due to adverse weather conditions . it is hunted for its flesh and its fur , but not to such an extent as to reduce its numbers significantly . the
the southern viscacha has yellowish - grey upperparts , paler underparts and a black - tipped bushy tail . the body fur is long and soft while that on the tail is coarse . the long fur - covered ears have a white fringe and both the short front legs and longer hind legs have four digits on the feet . the soles of the feet have fleshy pads called
pallipes
and they can move about with agility over rocky surfaces . the weight of an adult southern viscacha is about 3 kilograms ( 6 . 6 lb ) .
northern viscacha ( lagidium peruanum ) * family : chinchillidae , * genus : lagidium , * species : l . peruanum , * phylum : chordata , * class : mammalia , * order : rodentia , * type : mammal , * diet : omnivore , * average life span in captivity : 6 - 8 years , * size : averages 6 . 9 in ( 175 mm ) , * weight : up to 19 . 8 lb ( 9 kg ) , * * viscachas or vizcachas are rodents of two genera ( lagidium and lagostomus ) in the family chinchillidae . they are closely related to chinchillas , and look similar to rabbits . more info : urltoken or urltoken
this species occurs in southern peru , southern and western bolivia , northern chilie and western argentina ( woods and kilpatrick 2005 ) . it occurs between 2 , 500 m asl to 5 , 100 m asl . the distribution limit of this species in western bolivia needs to be revised . this species is not present in southern peru ( h . zeballos pers . comm . ) .
there are currently no known conservation measures in place for the southern viscacha , but it does occur in several protected areas . although hunting is not currently considered a major threat to this species , it needs to be monitored in case it starts to have a severe impact on the population ( 1 ) .
there are currently no known conservation measures in place for the southern viscacha , but it does occur in several protected areas . although hunting is not currently considered a major threat to this species , it needs to be monitored in case it starts to have a severe impact on the population ( 1 ) .
the southern viscacha ( lagidium viscacia ) is a species of rodent in the family chinchillidae found in argentina , bolivia , chile , and peru . it is a colonial animal living in small groups in rocky mountain areas . it has long ears and hind legs and resembles a rabbit in appearance apart from its long , bushy tail .
the southern viscacha ( lagidium viscacia ) is a species of rodent in the family chinchillidae and is found in argentina , bolivia , chile and peru . it is a colonial animal living in small groups in rocky mountain areas . it has long ears and hind legs and resembles a rabbit in appearance apart from its long , bushy tail .
this species occurs in southern peru , southern and western bolivia , northern chile and western argentina . it occurs between 700 m in the rio negro province of argentina to above 4 , 800 m in the mountains from central peru through bolivia , chile and northwestern argentina ( spotorno and patton 2015 ) . the distribution limit of this species in western bolivia needs to be revised . this species is not present in southern peru ( h . zeballos pers . comm . ) .
during the day , the southern viscacha emerges from the clefts and crevices it colonises , to forage for food , and bask on rocky perches in the sun ( 1 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . it runs and leaps amongst the rocks with incredible agility , and eats a wide variety of plants including grasses , mosses , and lichens ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
the southern viscacha is one of three south american rodent species commonly referred to as mountain viscachas ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . in common with its two congeners , the southern viscacha looks remarkably like a long - tailed rabbit ( 3 ) . soft dense fur covers its body , from the tips of its elongate ears to the end of its long , curled tail ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . the forelimbs are relatively short , while the contrastingly long and muscular hind - limbs enable it run and jump with ease ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . the colour of its fur varies seasonally and with age , but generally the upperparts are grey to brown , with tints of cream and black , while the under - parts are pale yellow or tan ( 2 ) .
the southern viscacha is one of three south american rodent species commonly referred to as mountain viscachas ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . in common with its two congeners , the southern viscacha looks remarkably like a long - tailed rabbit ( 3 ) . soft dense fur covers its body , from the tips of its elongate ears to the end of its long , curled tail ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . the forelimbs are relatively short , while the contrastingly long and muscular hind - limbs enable it run and jump with ease ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . the colour of its fur varies seasonally and with age , but generally the upperparts are grey to brown , with tints of cream and black , while the under - parts are pale yellow or tan ( 2 ) .
like all mountain viscachas , the southern viscacha is a gregarious species that forms small to very large colonies , comprising one or more family groups ( 4 ) ( 5 ) . the timing of the breeding season is not documented for this species , but the gestation period has been estimated at 120 to 140 days , with just a single young born at a time . the young is born fully haired with its eyes open , and is normally weaned after eight weeks , and reaches sexual maturity at around a year ( 3 ) .
, one of several recognized species of
mountain viscachas ,
lives in the andes mountains of peru at elevations ranging from approximately 3 , 000 - 5 , 000 meters . this corresponds to the area contained between the timber and snow lines .
, while often locally abundant , exhibits a scattered distribution across its range . it is not uncommon to have dense populations separated from other such populations by over 10 kilometers . there is seemingly little or no difference in habitat structure between occupied areas and the unoccupied areas between populations .
live in dry , rocky , habitats between the timber line and snow line of the andes mountains . vegetation is relatively sparse and characterized mainly by coarse grasses .
are often found near water that offers more succulent vegetation than drier areas within their habitat . they occupy burrows among rocks and crevices .
, excluding their bushy tails which reach lengths of about 200 - 400mm , are approximately 300 - 450mm in length . they posess dense , soft fur on their bodies and long , coarse fur on the dorsal surface of their tails . their pelage coloration varies from dark grey at low elevations to brown at higher elevations . the ventral portion of their fur is lighter , and can be white , yellowish , or light gray . the dorsally curled ends of their tails vary from rusty to black in color .
have long , hair - covered ears . females have only a single pair of mammae .
individuals reach sexual maturity after one year . the mating period ranges from october to december , in which all adult females become pregnant . gestation lasts approximately 140 days and one offspring is produced . while females may undergo a post - partum estrus , it is unlikely that a second pregnancy in a given year will result given the length of the gestation period and the timing of the mating season . the offspring are precocious , and feed on a mixture of their mother ' s milk and vegetation . while females posess two ovaries and two uterine horns , only the right ovary and uterine horn are functional . if the right ovary is surgically removed , the left then becomes functional .
live in large colonies of up to 80 individuals . these colonies are segregated into small family units of 2 to 5 individuals which occupy a single burrow . these animals are poor diggers , so their burrows consist of crevices among cliffs and rocks . they are not territorial and rarely aggressive . when the breeding season begins males are driven out of their family burrow by the female , at which point they disperse throughout the colony and exhibit some degree of promiscuity . much of the day is spent basking and preening on exposed rocks . feeding begins in the afternoon and lasts until after sunset , at which time individuals return to their burrows .
are quick and agile , able to get from rock to rock with either short hops or leaps of over 2 meters , if alarmed . when alarmed they produce a high - pitched call to warn the colony of a potential threat .
eat most of the sparse vegetable material they find in their habitats . this includes tough grasses , lichens , and moss . they feed primarily from late afternoon until after the sun sets .
are used as a source of meat and fur , however their pelts are not in particularly high demand .
, perhaps because they are the smallest of the mountain viscachas , are not particularly sought after for their fur or as a source of meat .
matthew wund ( author ) , university of michigan - ann arbor , phil myers ( editor ) , museum of zoology , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
this terrestrial biome includes summits of high mountains , either without vegetation or covered by low , tundra - like vegetation .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
to cite this page : wund , m . 2000 .
lagidium peruanum
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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these rodents weigh about 1 . 25 kilograms on average , or 2 . 75 pounds , and are approximately 300 to 450 millimeters in length , or about 12 to 17 inches , excluding their tails . this animal ' s long tail is usually about 200 to 400 millimeters in length , or about 8 to 16 inches .
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like all members of this family , viscachas have thick , soft pelage , except on their tails where it is coarse . they have pale yellow or grey upper parts , and a black tail tip . overall , viscachas look like rabbits . they have long , fur covered ears , edged with a fringe of white fur . all feet have four digits . the enamal of the incisors is not colored .
species is a habitat generalist ( cofre and marquet 1999 ) . inhabits rocky mountain areas as well as rock outcrops in steppe habitat ( galende and trejo 2003 ) . this herbivorous species is specialized and restricted to rocky habitats where it colonizes rock crevices . available habitat is patchy ( walker et al . , 2003 ) . it occurs up to 4 , 800 m asl ( barquez et al . 2006 )
restricted to sparsely vegetated , rocky habitats , from 2 , 500 metres to 5 , 100 metres above sea level ( 1 ) ( 3 ) .
mountain viscachas are reputed to eat just about any plant they encounter . their diet is principally composed of grasses , mosses and lichens .
mating occurs from october through december . after a gestation of 120 - 140 days , a female gives birth to a single , precocious young . the young are born fully furred , with their eyes open , and are able to eat solid food on their first day of life . nursing continues for eight weeks . females are remarkable for the large number of ova they ovulate ( around 300 ) during each estrus period .
amori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority ) & schipper , j . ( global mammal assessment team )
this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , however , restricted to rock formations . it occurs in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category . this species is hunted and should be periodically evaluated for impacts of this threat .
classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
species occurs in low local abundances ( cofre and marquet 1999 ) . it is a very common species although it has a patchy distribution , populations may fluctuate in relation to extreme seasonal weather .
it is locally hunted by people for meat and fur although , in general , this does not significantly impact populations ( barquez et al . 2006 ) . there appear to be no major threats to this species .
its elevation range is about 2 , 500 to 5 , 100 metres ( 8 , 200 to 16 , 700 ft ) above sea level .
and is mostly active soon after dawn and again in the evening . at these times it emerges from its underground hiding place to feed on what plant material is available which is mostly
. part of the day is spent perched on a rock sunbathing , grooming or resting . southern viscachas are a colonial species and do not venture far from rocks so that they can plunge underground if danger threatens . they have various calls that they use to communicate with each other .
breeding starts in the last quarter of the year when mating takes place . the gestation period is about 130 days and a single
pup ( or sometimes two ) is born which has its eyes open and is fully clad in fur at birth . it suckles for about eight weeks but is able to supplement the milk with solid food within hours of its birth . the average lifespan is unknown but one individual survived for nineteen years in captivity .
dunnum , j . ; vargas , j . ; bernal , n . ; zeballos , h . ; lessa , e . ; ojeda , r . ; bidau , c . ( 2008 ) . lagidium viscacia . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 5 january 2009 .
walker , r . susan ; novaro , andrés j . ; perovic , pablo ; palacios , rocio ; donadio , emiliano ; lucherini , mauro ; pia , mónica ; lópez , maría soledad ( 2007 ) .
diets of three species of andean carnivores in high - altitude deserts of argentina
. journal of mammalogy 88 ( 2 ) : 519–525 . doi : 10 . 1644 / 06 - mamm - a - 172r . 1 .
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restricted to sparsely vegetated , rocky habitats , from 2 , 500 metres to 5 , 100 metres above sea level ( 1 ) ( 3 ) .
classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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congeners species belonging to the same genus . gestation the state of being pregnant ; the period from conception to birth .
eisenberg , j . f . ( 1989 ) mammals of the neotropics . university of chicago press , chicago .
nowak , r . m . ( 1999 ) walker ' s mammals of the world . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , maryland .
macdonald , d . ( 2001 ) the new encyclopedia of mammals . oxford university press , oxford .
tirado , c . , cortés , a . and bozinovic , f . ( 2007 ) metabolic rate , thermoregulation and water balance in lagidium viscacia inhabiting the arid andean plateau . journal of thermal biology , 32 : 220 - 226 .
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spotorno , a . e . and patton , j . l . 2015 . superfamily chinchilloidea bennett , 1833 . in : patton , j . l . , pardinas , u . f . j . and d ' elia , g . ( eds ) , mammals of south america volume 2 : rodents , pp . 762 - 778 . university of chicago press .
in bolivia , there are three subspecies ; further taxonomic review is needed to confirm whether these should be considered to be distinct species ( n . bernal pers . comm . ) . lagidium peruanum is now grouped with l . viscacia .
justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution and presumed large population although it is restricted to rock formations . it occurs in a number of protected areas , and it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category . this species is hunted and should be periodically evaluated for impacts of this threat .
the species occurs in low local abundances ( cofre and marquet 1999 ) . it is a very common species although it has a patchy distribution , populations may fluctuate in relation to extreme seasonal weather . osgood ( 1943b ) recognized seven subspecies that might occur in chile , while crespo ( 1963 ) recognized five subspecies in central and southern argentina , and s . anderson ( 1997 ) mapped the ranges of three subspecies in bolivia ( spotorno and patton 2015 ) .
it inhabits rocky mountain areas as well as rock outcrops in steppe habitat ( patton et al . 2015 ) . this herbivorous species is specialized and restricted to rocky habitats where it colonizes rock crevices . available habitat is patchy ( walker et al . 2003 ) . it occurs up to 4 , 800 m asl ( barquez et al . 2006 ) . this species is highly gregarious , and live in colonies ranging in size from 4 - 75 individuals , with an overall density of 0 . 162 individuals per ha due to the clumped distribution of occupied boulder fields ( spotorno and patton 2015 ) .
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justification : this species is listed as least concern due to its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species has been eliminated from a fair portion of its native range . however , it has expanded beyond its native range in response to anthropogenic modifications to its habitats . there remains a lack of detailed data on its distribution ( spotorno and patton 2015 ) .
in argentina this species was classified as the source of a national plague in 1905 and was eradicated from many areas ( godoy 1963 ) . it is also hunted commercially for meat and fur ( spotorno and patton 2015 ) . it has a high niche overlap with cattle ; if more livestock are raised it is more likely to be affected compared to greater rheas ( pereira and quintana 2009 ) .
there are no conservation measures in place and it seems that none are needed at present .
florian a . werner¹ , karim j . ledesma² , and rodrigo hidalgo b . ³
1 albrecht - von - haller - institute of plant sciences , university of göttingen , untere karspüle 2 , 37073 göttingen , germany ; < florianwerner @ urltoken > . 2 department of biological sciences , florida atlantic university , boca raton , u . s . a ; < kledes @ urltoken > . 3 colegio nacional eloy alfaro , gonzales suarez y sucre , cariamanga , ecuador ; < rodrigohb20022002 @ urltoken > .
fig . 1 . geographical distribution of the genus lagidium . the arrow marks the location of cerro ahuaca . modified after rowlands ( 1974 ) .
fig . 3 . mountain vizcacha ( lagidium cf . peruanum ) at cerro ahuaca . photo courtesy of lf león .
thanks to luis fernando león and especially to daniel hidalgo ; also to veronica saenz marin for her assistance with the drawing of the distribution map . we gratefully acknowledge the support by idea wild , minox and the german academic exchange service ( daad ) . this is publication no . 122 of the yanayacu natural history research group .
eisenberg jf and kh redford . 1999 . mammals of the neotropics . the central neotropics . volume 3 . the university of chicago press , chicago . [ links ]
grimwood jr . 1969 . notes on the distribution of some peruvian mammals . 1968 . american committee for international wild life protection and new york zoological society . special publication 21 : 1 - 86 . [ links ]
henle k , kf davies , m kleyer , c margules , and j settele . 2004 . predictors of species sensitivity to fragmentation . biodiversity and conservation 13 : 207 - 251 . [ links ]
inamhi . 1950 - 1999 . anuario meteorológico no . 1 - 39 . instituto nacional de meteorología e hidrología , quito . [ links ]
pacheco v . 2002 . mamíferos del perú . pp . 503 - 549 , in : diversidad y conservación de los mamíferos neotropicales ( g ceballos and ja simonetti , eds . ) . instituto de ecología de la universidad nacional autónoma de méxico . [ links ]
pearson op . 1948 . life history of mountain viscachas in peru . journal of mammalogy 29 : 345 - 374 . [ links ]
pearson op . 1957 . additions to the mammalian fauna of peru and notes on some other peruvian mammals . breviora 73 : 1 - 7 . [ links ]
redford k and jf eisenberg . 1992 . mammals of the neotropics : the southern cone . volume 2 . the university chicago press , chicago . [ links ]
sierra r ( ed . ) . 1999 . propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificación de vegetación para el ecuador continental . proyecto inefan / gef - birf y ecociencia , quito . [ links ]
spotorno ae , jp valladares , jc marin , re palma , and c zuleta . 2004 . molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships of chinchillids ( rodentia : chinchillidae ) . journal of mammalogy 85 : 384 - 388 . [ links ]
walker s , aj novaro , and o monsalvo . 1994 . situación del «chinchillón» en el sur del neuquén : implicaciones de su estructura metapoblacional para su conservación . libro de resúmenes de las vii jornadas de mastozoología , sarem ( sociedad argentina para el estudio de los mamíferos ) . vaquerías , córdoba . [ links ]
walker rs , g ackermann , j schachter - broide , v pancotto , and aj novaro . 2000 . habitat use by mountain vizcachas ( lagidium viscacia molina , 1782 ) in the patagonian steppe . zeitschrift für säugetierkunde 65 : 293 - 300 . [ links ]
weir bj . 1974 . reproductive characteristics of hystricomorph rodents . symposium of the zoological society of london 34 : 265 - 301 . [ links ]
wilson de and dm reeder ( eds ) . 1993 . mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference . second edition . smithsonian institution press . [ links ]
woods ca and cw kilpatrick . 2005 . infraorder hystricognathi . pp . 1538 - 1600 , in : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference . ( de wilson and dm reeder , eds ) . third edition , volumen 2 . the johns hopkins university press . [ links ]
cricyt centro regional de investigaciones científicas y técnicas av . ruiz leal s / n parque gral . san martin 5500 - mendoza república argentina urltoken c . p . 9120 . casilla de correo 128 http : / / urltoken / contacto / enrique . lessa @ gmail . com ; e _ m _ neot @ urltoken
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and is mostly active soon after dawn and again in the evening . at these times , it emerges from its underground hiding place to feed on what plant material is available , which is mostly
. part of the day is spent perched on a rock sunbathing , grooming , or resting . southern viscachas are a colonial species and do not venture far from rocks so that they can plunge underground if danger threatens . they use various calls to communicate with each other .
pup ( or sometimes two ) is born which has its eyes open and is fully clad in fur at birth . it suckles for about eight weeks , but is able to supplement the milk with solid food within hours of its birth . the average lifespan is unknown , but one individual survived for 19 years in captivity .
walker , r . susan ; novaro , andrés j . ; perovic , pablo ; palacios , rocio ; donadio , emiliano ; lucherini , mauro ; pia , mónica ; lópez , maría soledad ( 2007 ) .
diets of three species of andean carnivores in high - altitude deserts of argentina
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least concern near threatened vulnerable endangered critically endangered extinct in the wild extinct status and range is taken from icun redlist . if no status is listed , there is not enough data to establish status .
long - tailed chinchilla - chinchilla lanigera the long - tailed chinchilla is often kept as a pet . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
woods , charles a . , and c . william kilpatrick / wilson , don e . , and deeann m . reeder , eds .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vol . 2
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .